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Chi G, Pei J, Li X. Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of autoimmune hepatitis: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305220. [PMID: 38848323 PMCID: PMC11161122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to use Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). METHODS Two-sample MR was performed to estimate the causal effect of IBD on AIH. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method in univariable MR analysis, supplemented by additional methods including MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. The p values were adjusted by FDR p-value adjustment. In the replication analysis, the primary IVW analysis was repeated and then pooled by meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed using Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out, and funnel plot analysis to evaluate the robustness of the MR findings. Additionally, multivariable MR (MVMR) was employed to estimate the direct causal effect of IBD on the risk of AIH. RESULTS In univariable MR analysis, a significant positive causal association was observed between IBD (both Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC)) and the risk of AIH (for CD and AIH, the IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-1.16, P = 0.045, FDR P = 0.045; for UC and AIH, the IVW OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.00-1.13, P = 0.038, FDR P = 0.076). Furthermore, no significant positive correlation between IBD and the risk of AIH (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.94-1.35, P = 0.194). Sensitivity analysis revealed no pleiotropic bias. MVMR analysis further confirmed the direct causal effect of CD or UC on the risk of AIH after adjusting for the common risk factors (cigarettes per day and osteoporosis). In the replication analysis, the positive causal association between UC and the risk of AIH remain significant (the IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.18-1.48, P = 2.90E-06). While no significant positive association was observed between CD or IBD and the risk of AIH in the replication analysis, a suggestive positive association between the identified risk factors (UC, CD, and IBD) and the risk of AIH was detected in the meta-analysis (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05-1.13, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION This MR study revealed a positive impact of the identified risk factors (CD, UC and IBD) on the risk of AIH within the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changazhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinhong Pei
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changazhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changazhi, Shanxi, China
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Jeong C, Baek H, Bae J, Hwang N, Ha J, Cho YS, Lim DJ. Gut microbiome in the Graves' disease: Comparison before and after anti-thyroid drug treatment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300678. [PMID: 38820506 PMCID: PMC11142679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
While several studies have proposed a connection between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of Graves's disease (GD), there has been a lack of reports on alteration in microbiome following using anti-thyroid drug treatment (ATD) to treat GD. Stool samples were collected from newly diagnosed GD patients provided at baseline and after 6 months of ATD treatment. The analysis focused on investigating the association between the changes in the gut microbiome and parameter including thyroid function, thyroid-related antibodies, and the symptom used to assess hyperthyroidism before and after treatment. A healthy control (HC) group consisting of data from 230 healthy subjects (110 males and 120 females) sourced from the open EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database was included. Twenty-nine GD patients (14 males and 15 females) were enrolled. The analysis revealed a significant reduction of alpha diversity in GD patients. However, after ATD treatment, alpha diversity exhibited a significant increase, restored to levels comparable to the HC levels. Additionally, GD patients displayed lower levels of Firmicutes and higher levels of Bacteroidota. Following treatment, there was an increased in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidota, resembling levels found in the HC levels. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism were negatively associated with Firmicutes and positively associated with Bacteroidota. GD had significantly lower levels of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceaea, Sutterella, Escherichia-shigella, Parasuterella, Akkermansia, and Phascolarctobacterium compared to HC (all p < 0.05). Post-treatment, Subdoligranulum increased (p = 0.010), while Veillonella and Christensenellaceaea R-7 group decreased (p = 0.023, p = 0.029, respectively). Anaerostipes showed a significant association with both higher smoking pack years and TSHR-Ab levels, with greater abundantce observed in smokers among GD (p = 0.16). Although reduced ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was evident in GD, this ratio recovered after treatment. This study postulates the involvement of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of GD, suggesting potential restoration after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiho Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Bae
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Hwang
- R&D Institute, BioEleven Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kong FS, Huang P, Chen JH, Ma Y. The Novel Insight of Gut Microbiota from Mouse Model to Clinical Patients and the Role of NF-κB Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3. [PMID: 38653859 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and related symptoms in women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in the development of PCOS. The gut microbiota, a complex bacterial ecosystem, has been extensively studied for various diseases, including PCOS, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites observed in PCOS and their potential association with the condition. Additionally, we discuss the role of abnormal nuclear factor κB signaling in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of PCOS and may pave the way for the development of control and therapeutic strategies for this condition in clinical practice. By bridging the gap between mouse models and clinical patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and inflammation in PCOS, thus paving new ways for future investigations and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sheng Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panwang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Xiang X, Li Q, Wan J, Chen C, Guo M, He Z, Wang D, Zhao X, Xu L. The role of amino acid metabolism in autoimmune hepatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116452. [PMID: 38503235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory chronic liver disease with persistent and recurrent immune-mediated liver injury. The exact cause of AIH is still not fully understood, but it is believed to be primarily due to an abnormal activation of the immune system, leading to autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance. Although the pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear, recent studies have shown that abnormalities in amino acid metabolism play significant roles in its development. These abnormalities in amino acid metabolism can lead to remodeling of metabolic processes, activation of signaling pathways, and immune responses, which may present new opportunities for clinical intervention in AIH. In this paper, we first briefly outline the recent progress of clinically relevant research on AIH, focusing on the role of specific amino acid metabolism (including glutamine, cysteine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, etc.) and their associated metabolites, as well as related pathways, in the development of AIH. Furthermore, we discuss the scientific issues that remain to be resolved regarding amino acid metabolism, AIH development and related clinical interventions, with the aim of contributing to the future development of amino acid metabolism-based as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xiang
- Nanshan Class, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qihong Li
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Innovation Center for Tissue Damage Repair, Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy, Zunyi 563000, China; Innovation Center for Tissue Damage Repair, Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Mo C, Bi J, Li S, Lin Y, Yuan P, Liu Z, Jia B, Xu S. The influence and therapeutic effect of microbiota in systemic lupus erythematosus. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127613. [PMID: 38232494 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving multiple organs that poses a serious risk to the health and life of patients. A growing number of studies have shown that commensals from different parts of the body and exogenous pathogens are involved in SLE progression, causing barrier disruption and immune dysregulation through multiple mechanisms. However, they sometimes alleviate the symptoms of SLE. Many factors, such as genetic susceptibility, metabolism, impaired barriers, food, and sex hormones, are involved in SLE, and the microbiota drives the development of SLE either by depending on or interacting with these factors. Among these, the crosstalk between genetic susceptibility, metabolism, and microbiota is a hot topic of research and is expected to lay the groundwork for the amelioration of the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of SLE. Furthermore, the microbiota has great potential for the treatment of SLE. Ideally, personalised therapeutic approaches should be developed in combination with more specific diagnostic methods. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role and mechanism of microbiota in lupus of the intestine, oral cavity, skin, and kidney, as well as the therapeutic potential of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunhe Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yang H, Liu Q, Liu H, Kang X, Tian H, Kang Y, Li L, Yang X, Ren P, Kuang X, Wang X, Guo L, Tong M, Ma J, Fan W. Berberine alleviates concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0381. [PMID: 38466881 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated liver disease of unknown etiology accompanied by intestinal dysbiosis and a damaged intestinal barrier. Berberine (BBR) is a traditional antibacterial medicine that has a variety of pharmacological properties. It has been reported that BBR alleviates AIH, but relevant mechanisms remain to be fully explored. METHODS BBR was orally administered at doses of 100 mg⋅kg-1⋅d-1 for 7 days to mice before concanavalin A-induced AIH model establishment. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, western blotting, ELISA, 16S rRNA analysis, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR, and fecal microbiota transplantation studies were performed to ascertain BBR effects and mechanisms in AIH mice. RESULTS We found that liver necrosis and apoptosis were decreased upon BBR administration; the levels of serum transaminase, serum lipopolysaccharide, liver proinflammatory factors TNF-α, interferon-γ, IL-1β, and IL-17A, and the proportion of Th17 cells in spleen cells were all reduced, while the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and regulatory T cell proportions were increased. Moreover, BBR treatment increased beneficial and reduced harmful bacteria in the gut. BBR also strengthened ileal barrier function by increasing the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin, thereby blocking lipopolysaccharide translocation, preventing lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ NF-κB pathway activation, and inhibiting inflammatory factor production in the liver. Fecal microbiota transplantation from BBR to model mice also showed that BBR potentially alleviated AIH by altering the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS BBR alleviated concanavalin A-induced AIH by modulating the gut microbiota and related immune regulation. These results shed more light on potential BBR therapeutic strategies for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, China
- Laboratory of Morphology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Linzhi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, China
- Laboratory of Morphology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Mingwei Tong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jieqiong Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan, China
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Sun C, Zhu D, Zhu Q, He Z, Lou Y, Chen D. The significance of gut microbiota in the etiology of autoimmune hepatitis: a narrative review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1337223. [PMID: 38404291 PMCID: PMC10884129 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1337223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver that is mediated by autoimmunity and has complex pathogenesis. Its prevalence has increased globally. Since the liver is the first organ to be exposed to harmful substances, such as gut-derived intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, gut health is closely related to liver health, and the "liver-gut axis" allows abnormalities in the gut microbiota to influence the development of liver-related diseases such as AIH. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its resultant disruption of the intestinal barrier and microbial transport are involved in multiple ways in the disruption of immune homeostasis and inflammation, thereby influencing the development of AIH. In terms of the mechanisms involved in immune, the gut microbiota or its metabolites, which is decreased in secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and polyamines, and increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), tryptophan metabolite, amino acid, and bile acid, can disrupt immune homeostasis by activating various immune cells and immune-related signaling pathways, resulting in aberrant activation of the immune system. Clarifying this mechanism has significant clinical implications for the treatment of AIH with drugs that target intestinal microbiota and related signaling pathways. Therefore, this narrative review summarizes the progress in exploring the involvement of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AIH, with the aim of helping to improve the precise targeting of therapeutic treatments against AIH for the benefit of clinical AIH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongzi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeping He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Desheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yuming Z, Ruqi T, Gershwin ME, Xiong M. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Pathophysiology. Clin Liver Dis 2024; 28:15-35. [PMID: 37945156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association analyses suggest that HLA genes including HLA-DRB*0301, HLA-DRB*0401, and HLA-B*3501 as well as non-HLA genes including CD28/CTLA4/ICOS and SYNPR increased AIH susceptibility. The destruction of hepatocytes is the result of the imbalance between proinflammatory cells and immunosuppressive cells, especially the imbalance between Tregs and Th17 cells. The microbiome in patients with AIH is decreased in diversity with a specific decline in Bifidobacterium and enrichment in Veillonella and Faecalibacterium. Recent evidence has demonstrated the pathogenic role of E. gallinarum and L.reuteri in inducing autoimmunity in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yuming
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tang Ruqi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Merrill Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Ma Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China; Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Briggs K, Tomar V, Ollberding N, Haberman Y, Bourgonje AR, Hu S, Chaaban L, Sunuwar L, Weersma RK, Denson LA, Melia JMP. Crohn's Disease-Associated Pathogenic Mutation in the Manganese Transporter ZIP8 Shifts the Ileal and Rectal Mucosal Microbiota Implicating Aberrant Bile Acid Metabolism. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae003. [PMID: 38289995 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pathogenic mutation in the manganese transporter ZIP8 (A391T; rs13107325) increases the risk of Crohn's disease. ZIP8 regulates manganese homeostasis and given the shared need for metals between the host and resident microbes, there has been significant interest in alterations of the microbiome in carriers of ZIP8 A391T. Prior studies have not examined the ileal microbiome despite associations between ileal disease and ZIP8 A391T. METHODS Here, we used the Pediatric Risk Stratification Study (RISK) cohort to perform a secondary analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing data obtained from ileal and rectal mucosa to study associations between ZIP8 A391T carrier status and microbiota composition. RESULTS We found sequence variants mapping to Veillonella were decreased in the ileal mucosa of ZIP8 A391T carriers. Prior human studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of Veillonella to bile acid abundance. We therefore hypothesized that bile acid homeostasis is differentially regulated in carriers of ZIP8 A391T. Using a mouse model of ZIP8 A391T, we demonstrate an increase in total bile acids in the liver and stool and decreased fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) signaling, consistent with our hypothesis. We confirmed dysregulation of FGF19 in the 1000IBD cohort, finding that plasma FGF19 levels are lower in ZIP8 A391T carriers with ileocolonic Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS In the search for genotype-specific therapeutic paradigms for patients with Crohn's disease, these data suggest targeting the FGF19 pathway in ZIP8 A391T carriers. Aberrant bile acid metabolism may precede development of Crohn's disease and prioritize study of the interactions between manganese homeostasis, bile acid metabolism and signaling, and complicated ileal Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Briggs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vartika Tomar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lara Chaaban
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laxmi Sunuwar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lee A Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joanna M P Melia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ustaoglu M, Aktas G, Kucukdemirci O, Goren I, Bas B. Could a reduced hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score predict autoimmune hepatitis and degree of liver fibrosis? REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20230905. [PMID: 38294124 PMCID: PMC10830098 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the liver that is characterized by elevated liver enzymes. The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score, which is derived from hemoglobin, serum albumin, circulating lymphocyte count, and platelet count, is also associated with inflammatory conditions. The aim was to examine the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score of patients with autoimmune hepatitis and to compare it to that of healthy individuals in this retrospective analysis. METHODS Subjects diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis were enrolled in the study, and healthy individuals were enrolled as controls. Moreover, autoimmune hepatitis subjects were grouped into mild or moderate/advanced fibrosis. Furthermore, aspartate to platelet ratio index, Fibrosis-4, and hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet scores of the autoimmune hepatitis patients and controls were compared. In addition, the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score of the autoimmune hepatitis patients with mild fibrosis is compared to that of those with moderate/advanced fibrosis. RESULTS The mean hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score of the autoimmune hepatitis patients was 44.2±14.5 while this value was 76.8±15.5 in control subjects. The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score was significantly reduced in autoimmune hepatitis patients than healthy controls (p<0.001). The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score was significantly and negatively correlated with C-reactive protein, aspartate, alanine transaminase, gamma glutamyl transferase, aspartate to platelet ratio index, and Fibrosis-4 values. A hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score that was lower than 52.3 had 83% sensitivity and 73% specificity in predicting autoimmune hepatitis. The sensitivity and specificity of the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score were higher than the Fibrosis-4 score in predicting moderate/advanced fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSION We suggest that the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score be used as an additional noninvasive diagnostic tool for autoimmune hepatitis and to predict moderate/advanced liver fibrosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Ustaoglu
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology – Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gulali Aktas
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine – Bolu, Turkey
| | - Omer Kucukdemirci
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology – Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Goren
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology – Samsun, Turkey
| | - Berk Bas
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology – Samsun, Turkey
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11
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Mir TUG, Manhas S, Khurshid Wani A, Akhtar N, Shukla S, Prakash A. Alterations in microbiome of COVID-19 patients and its impact on forensic investigations. Sci Justice 2024; 64:81-94. [PMID: 38182316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome is vital for maintaining human health and has garnered substantial attention in recent years, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Studies have underscored significant alterations in the microbiome of COVID-19 patients across various body niches, including the gut, respiratory tract, oral cavity, skin, and vagina. These changes manifest as shifts in microbiota composition, characterized by an increase in opportunistic pathogens and a decrease in beneficial commensal bacteria. Such microbiome transformations may play a pivotal role in influencing the course and severity of COVID-19, potentially contributing to the inflammatory response. This ongoing relationship between COVID-19 and the human microbiome serves as a compelling subject of research, underscoring the necessity for further investigations into the underlying mechanisms and their implications for patient health. Additionally, these alterations in the microbiome may have significant ramifications for forensic investigations, given the microbiome's potential in establishing individual characteristics. Consequently, changes in the microbiome could introduce a level of complexity into forensic determinations. As research progresses, a more profound understanding of the human microbiome within the context of COVID-19 may offer valuable insights into disease prevention, treatment strategies, and its potential applications in forensic science. Consequently, this paper aims to provide an overarching review of microbiome alterations due to COVID-19 and the associated impact on forensic applications, bridging the gap between the altered microbiome of COVID-19 patients and the challenges forensic investigations may encounter when analyzing this microbiome as a forensic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ul Gani Mir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; State Forensic Science Laboratory, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India.
| | - Sakshi Manhas
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Song W, Wu F, Yan Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Hu X, Li Y. Gut microbiota landscape and potential biomarker identification in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using machine learning. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1289124. [PMID: 38169617 PMCID: PMC10758415 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that disproportionately affects women. Early diagnosis and prevention are crucial for women's health, and the gut microbiota has been found to be strongly associated with SLE. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for SLE by characterizing the gut microbiota landscape using feature selection and exploring the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms with significantly dysregulated microbiotas (SDMs) for early identification of SLE patients. Additionally, we used the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretability framework to visualize the impact of SDMs on the risk of developing SLE in females. Methods Stool samples were collected from 54 SLE patients and 55 Negative Controls (NC) for microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing. Feature selection was performed using Elastic Net and Boruta on species-level taxonomy. Subsequently, four ML algorithms, namely logistic regression (LR), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were used to achieve early identification of SLE with SDMs. Finally, the best-performing algorithm was combined with SHAP to explore how SDMs affect the risk of developing SLE in females. Results Both alpha and beta diversity were found to be different in SLE group. Following feature selection, 68 and 21 microbiota were retained in Elastic Net and Boruta, respectively, with 16 microbiota overlapping between the two, i.e., SDMs for SLE. The four ML algorithms with SDMs could effectively identify SLE patients, with XGBoost performing the best, achieving Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, and AUC values of 0.844, 0.750, 0.938, 0.923, 0.790, and 0.930, respectively. The SHAP interpretability framework showed a complex non-linear relationship between the relative abundance of SDMs and the risk of SLE, with Escherichia_fergusonii having the largest SHAP value. Conclusions This study revealed dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of female SLE patients. ML classifiers combined with SDMs can facilitate early identification of female patients with SLE, particularly XGBoost. The SHAP interpretability framework provides insight into the impact of SDMs on the risk of SLE and may inform future scientific treatment for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Song
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaheng Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, Shanxiuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, Shanxiuan, China
| | - Xueli Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Hejin People’s Hospital, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, Shanxiuan, China
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Academy of Microbial Ecology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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13
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Özdirik B, Schnabl B. Microbial Players in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Evidence and Concepts. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:423-438. [PMID: 38109970 PMCID: PMC10837305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease with progressive biliary inflammation, destruction of the biliary tract, and fibrosis, resulting in liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. To date, liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment option for PSC. The precise etiology of PSC remains elusive, but it is widely accepted to involve a complex interplay between genetic predisposition, immunologic dysfunction, and environmental influence. In recent years, the gut-liver axis has emerged as a crucial pathway contributing to the pathogenesis of PSC, with particular focus on the role of gut microbiota. However, the role of the fungal microbiome or mycobiome has been overlooked for years, resulting in a lack of comprehensive studies on its involvement in PSC. In this review, we clarify the present clinical and mechanistic data and concepts concerning the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota in the context of PSC. This review sheds light on the role of specific microbes and elucidates the dynamics of bacterial and fungal populations. Moreover, we discuss the latest insights into microbe-altering therapeutic approaches involving the gut-liver axis and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Özdirik
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
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14
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Lu S, Liang Y, Li L, Miao R, Liao S, Zou Y, Yang C, Ouyang D. Predicting potential microbe-disease associations based on auto-encoder and graph convolution network. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:476. [PMID: 38097930 PMCID: PMC10722760 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing body of research has consistently demonstrated the intricate correlation between the human microbiome and human well-being. Microbes can impact the efficacy and toxicity of drugs through various pathways, as well as influence the occurrence and metastasis of tumors. In clinical practice, it is crucial to elucidate the association between microbes and diseases. Although traditional biological experiments accurately identify this association, they are time-consuming, expensive, and susceptible to experimental conditions. Consequently, conducting extensive biological experiments to screen potential microbe-disease associations becomes challenging. The computational methods can solve the above problems well, but the previous computational methods still have the problems of low utilization of node features and the prediction accuracy needs to be improved. To address this issue, we propose the DAEGCNDF model predicting potential associations between microbes and diseases. Our model calculates four similar features for each microbe and disease. These features are fused to obtain a comprehensive feature matrix representing microbes and diseases. Our model first uses the graph convolutional network module to extract low-rank features with graph information of microbes and diseases, and then uses a deep sparse Auto-Encoder to extract high-rank features of microbe-disease pairs, after which the low-rank and high-rank features are spliced to improve the utilization of node features. Finally, Deep Forest was used for microbe-disease potential relationship prediction. The experimental results show that combining low-rank and high-rank features helps to improve the model performance and Deep Forest has better classification performance than the baseline model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghui Lu
- Faculty of Innovation Enginee, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Hechi University, No. 42, Longjiang, Hechi, 546300, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Faculty of Innovation Enginee, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Le Li
- Faculty of Innovation Enginee, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Basic Teaching Department, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuilin Liao
- Faculty of Innovation Enginee, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macao, Macao Special Administrative Region of China, China
| | - Yongfu Zou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Hechi University, No. 42, Longjiang, Hechi, 546300, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengjun Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Manufacturing, Hechi University, No. 42, Longjiang, Hechi, 546300, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong Ouyang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xincheng, Zhanjiang, 523808, Guangdong, China
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15
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Zeng X, Liu MH, Xiong Y, Zheng LX, Guo KE, Zhao HM, Yin YT, Liu DY, Zhou BG. Pien Tze Huang alleviates Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by regulating intestinal microbiota and memory regulatory T cells. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5988-6016. [PMID: 38130997 PMCID: PMC10731150 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i45.5988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has used the drug Pien Tze Huang (PTH), a classic prescription, to treat autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, the precise mode of action is still unknown. AIM To investigate the mechanism of PTH in an AIH mouse model by determining the changes in gut microbiota structure and memory regulatory T (mTreg) cells functional levels. METHODS Following induction of the AIH mouse model induced by Concanavalin A (Con A), prophylactic administration of PTH was given for 10 d. The levels of mTreg cells were measured by flow cytometry, and intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA analysis, while western blotting was used to identify activation of the toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways. RESULTS In the liver of mice with AIH, PTH relieved the pathological damage and reduced the numbers of T helper type 17 cells and interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21 expression. Simultaneously, PTH stimulated the abundance of helpful bacteria, promoted activation of the TLR2 signal, which may enhance Treg/mTreg cells quantity to produce IL-10, and suppressed activation of the TLR4/NF-κB and CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION PTH regulates intestinal microbiota balance and restores mTreg cells to alleviate experimental AIH, which is closely related to the TLR/CXCL16/CXCR6/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Miao-Hua Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lin-Xin Zheng
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kai-En Guo
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bu-Gao Zhou
- Office of Academic Research, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
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Fujiki J, Schnabl B. Phage therapy: Targeting intestinal bacterial microbiota for the treatment of liver diseases. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100909. [PMID: 37965159 PMCID: PMC10641246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has been overshadowed by antibiotics for decades. However, it is being revisited as a powerful approach against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. As bacterial microbiota have been mechanistically linked to gastrointestinal and liver diseases, precise editing of the gut microbiota via the selective bactericidal action of phages has prompted renewed interest in phage therapy. In this review, we summarise the basic virological properties of phages and the latest findings on the composition of the intestinal phageome and the changes associated with liver diseases. We also review preclinical and clinical studies assessing phage therapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal and liver diseases, as well as future prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Fujiki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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17
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Li L, Kang Y. The Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Implications for Early Diagnostic Biomarkers and Novel Therapies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300043. [PMID: 37350378 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a serious chronic liver disease that may last for decades and eventually develop into cirrhosis and liver failure. In recent years, people have paid more attention to the microbiome-gut-liver axis, which provides guidance for all to explore the role of microbiome in the occurrence and development of liver diseases. In this review, the possible mechanism of intestinal microbes promoting the occurrence of AIH, mainly expounding the key ways such as bacterial ecological imbalance, intestinal leakage, and molecular simulation between microbes and autoantigens is summarized. In addition, this paper also discusses that intestinal microbiome has great potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis of AIH, and intestinal microbiome is also a candidate target for prevention and treatment of AIH. Finally, the study summarizes and prospects the targeted therapy of intestinal microorganisms to prevent the occurrence and development of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
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18
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Liu X, Jiang W, Lu G, Qiao T, Gao D, Zhang M, Cai H, Chai L, Yi W, Lv Z. The Potential Role of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone to Regulate Thyroid Function and Gut Microbiota Composition of Graves' Disease in Mice. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:443-460. [PMID: 38095308 PMCID: PMC10725160 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder disease, and its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a naturally antioxidant compound in milk, vegetables, and meat. We aim to identify the treatment efficacy of PQQ on GD and its regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota. The GD mice model was built by an adenovirus expressing autoantigen thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (Ad-TSHR289). Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing after PQQ pretreatments (20, 40, or 60 mg/kg BW/day) for 4 weeks. Thyroid and intestine functions were measured. The levels of serum TSHR and T4 were significantly raised, and the thyroid gland size was typically enlarged in the GD group than in controls, reversed by PQQ therapy. After PQQ replenishment, IL6 and TNFα levels in small intestine tissues were lower than those in the GD group, with Nrf2 and HO1 levels improved. Also, the PQQ supplement could maintain the mucosal epithelial barrier impaired by GD. In microbial analyses, PQQ treatment could prompt the diversity recovery of gut microbiota and reconstruct the microbiota composition injured by GD. Lactobacillus served as the most abundant genus in all groups, and the abundance of Lactobacillus was increased in the GD group than in control and PQQ groups. Besides, Lactobacillus was highly correlative with all samples and the top 50 genera. PQQ supplementation regulates thyroid function and relieves intestine injury. PQQ changes the primary composition and abundance of GD's intestine microbiota by moderating Lactobacillus, which may exert in the pathogenesis and progression of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganghua Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haidong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Yi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Goodman C, Doan T, Mehra D, Betz J, Locatelli E, Mangwani-Mordani S, Kalahasty K, Hernandez M, Hwang JC, Galor A. Case-Control Study Examining the Composition of the Gut Microbiome in Individuals With and Without Immune-Mediated Dry Eye. Cornea 2023; 42:1340-1348. [PMID: 36729650 PMCID: PMC10261549 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gut microbiome alterations have been associated with various autoimmune diseases. There are limited data, however, on relationships between gut dysbiosis and immune-related dry eye (DE). Our aim was to compare the gut microbiome composition of individuals with early and late markers of Sjögren syndrome (SS) with controls without DE. METHODS We compared 20 individuals with positive early markers [antisalivary protein 1 (SP1), antiparotid secretory protein (PSP), anticarbonic anhydrase 6 (CA6) IgG, IgA, and IgM, n = 19)], or late markers (anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B, n = 1) of SS with no comorbid autoimmune diagnoses and 20 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Collected stool samples underwent deep RNA sequencing. The main outcomes measured included gut microbiome composition and diversity. RESULTS A total of 20 cases [Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 15.2 ± 3.4, Ocular Surface Disease Index 55.1 ± 22.8, and Schirmer 7.1 ± 5.2 mm] were compared with 20 controls (Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 4.8 ± 3.8, Ocular Surface Disease Index 14.2 ± 12.3, and Schirmer 20.4 ± 9.2 mm). No differences were observed in α-diversity ( P = 0.97) or overall community structure ( P = 0.62). Between groups, 32 species were differentially abundant ( P < 0.01). Among cases, 27 were relatively more abundant, including 10 Lactobacillus and 4 Bifidobacterium species. A relative depletion of 5 species was found in cases compared with controls, notably Fusobacterium varium and Prevotella stercorea . CONCLUSIONS Differences in gut microbiome composition were found in individuals with mostly early markers of SS compared with controls. However, their clinical significance to DE manifestations remains unclear. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of gut dysbiosis on immune dysregulation and disease activity in the various forms of immune-mediated DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Goodman
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thuy Doan
- Proctor Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Fracisco, CA, USA
| | - Divy Mehra
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason Betz
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elyana Locatelli
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simran Mangwani-Mordani
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karthik Kalahasty
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mireya Hernandez
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Jodi C Hwang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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Jiang W, Lu G, Qiao T, Yu X, Luo Q, Tong J, Fan S, Chai L, Gao D, Wang R, Deng C, Lv Z, Li D. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals a distinct microbial and metabolic signature in Graves' disease and hypothyroidism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21463. [PMID: 38034621 PMCID: PMC10681928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reveal that imbalanced microbiota is related to thyroid diseases. However, studies on the alterations in fecal metabolites in Graves' disease and clinical hypothyroidism patients are insufficient. Here, we identified 21 genera and 53 metabolites that were statistically significant among Graves' disease patients, hypothyroidism patients, and controls integrating microbiome and untargeted metabolome analysis. Disease groups revealed a decreased abundance in butyrate-producing microbiota and an increased abundance in potentially pathogenic microbiota. Lipids molecules were the major differential metabolites identified in all fecal samples. Network analysis recognized that microbiota may affect thyroid function by targeting specific metabolites. We further identified specific microbiota and metabolites that could distinguish Graves' disease patients, hypothyroidism patients, and controls. Our study reveals a distinct microbial and metabolic signature in hypothyroidism patients and Graves' disease patients and further validates the potential role of microbiota in thyroid diseases, providing new ideas for future research into the etiology and clinical intervention of thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganghua Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaqing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Tong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyun Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwen Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Siebert S, Pennington SR, Raychaudhuri SP, Chaudhari AJ, Jin JQ, Liao W, Chandran V, FitzGerald O. Novel Insights From Basic Science in Psoriatic Disease at the GRAPPA 2022 Annual Meeting. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:66-70. [PMID: 37527860 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent basic science advances in psoriatic disease (PsD) were presented and discussed at the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2022 annual meeting. Topics included clinical applications of biomarkers, what the future of biomarkers for PsD may hold, the challenges of developing biomarker research to the point of clinical utility, advances in total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging, and emerging concepts from single-cell studies in PsD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Siebert
- S. Siebert, MD, PhD, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen R Pennington
- S.R. Pennington, PhD, O. FitzGerald, MD, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siba P Raychaudhuri
- S.P. Raychaudhuri, MD, Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, UC Davis School of Medicine and Northern California Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, California, USA
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- A.J. Chaudhari, PhD, Department of Radiology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joy Q Jin
- J.Q. Jin, AB, School of Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- W. Liao, MD, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinod Chandran
- V. Chandran, DM, PhD, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathobiology and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, and Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver FitzGerald
- S.R. Pennington, PhD, O. FitzGerald, MD, School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
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22
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Hahn JW, Yang HR, Moon JS, Chang JY, Lee K, Kim GA, Rahmati M, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Kim MS, López Sánchez GF, Elena D, Shin JY, Shin JI, Kwon R, Kim S, Kim HJ, Lee H, Ko JS, Yon DK. Global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis, 1970-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 65:102280. [PMID: 37876996 PMCID: PMC10590724 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) varies significantly in incidence and prevalence across countries and regions. We aimed to examine global, regional, and national trends in incidence and prevalence of AIH from 1970 to 2022. Methods We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from database inception to August 9, 2023, using the search term "autoimmune hepatitis" in combination with "incidence," "prevalence," or "trend." Only general population-based observational studies with larger samples sizes were considered for inclusion. Studies that recruited convenience samples, and those with fewer than 50 participants were excluded. Summary data were extracted from published reports. A random effects model was used and pooled estimates with 95% CI were used to calculate the incidence and prevalence of AIH. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023430138. Findings A total of 37 eligible studies, encompassing more than 239 million participants and 55,839 patients with AIH from 18 countries across five continents, were included in the analysis. Global pooled incidence and prevalence of AIH were found to be 1.28 cases per 100,000 inhabitant-years (95% CI, 1.01-1.63, I2 = 99·51%; number of studies, 33; sample population, 220,673,674) and 15.65 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI, 13.42-18.24, I2 = 99·75%; number of studies, 26; sample population, 217,178,684), respectively. The incidence of AIH was greater in countries with high Human Development Index (>0.92), in North America and Oceania (compared with Asia), among females, adults (compared with children), and high latitude (>45°). Similar patterns in AIH prevalence were observed. Pooled AIH prevalence increased gradually from 1970 to 2019 (1970-1999; 9.95 [4.77-15.13], I2 = 95·58% versus 2015-2022; 27.91 [24.86-30.96], I2 = 99·32%; cases per 100,000 inhabitants). The overall incidence and prevalence of AIH, as well as some subgroup analyses of the studies, displayed asymmetry in the funnel plots, suggesting potential evidence of publication bias. Interpretation AIH incidence and prevalence have increased significantly and exhibit substantial variation across regions worldwide. Further research is required to assess the incidence and prevalence of AIH, specifically in South America and Africa. Funding National Research Foundation of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Woo Hahn
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwanjoo Lee
- Digestive Disease Centre, CHA Bundang Medical Centre, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gi Ae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo F. López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Dragioti Elena
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families, and Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Paediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Centre for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Centre for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Centre for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojae Lee
- Centre for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Paediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Centre for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Paediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Centre, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Sun A, Liu H, Sun M, Yang W, Liu J, Lin Y, Shi X, Sun J, Liu L. Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies targeting gut-X axis against diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115577. [PMID: 37757494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can coordinate with different tissues and organs to maintain human health, which derives the concept of the gut-X axis. Conversely, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota leads to the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as neurological diseases, liver diseases, and even cancers. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota offers new opportunities in the field of medicines. Antibiotics, probiotics or other treatments might restore unbalanced gut microbiota, which effects do not match what people have expected. Recently, nanomedicines with the high targeting ability and reduced toxicity make them an appreciative choice for relieving disease through targeting gut-X axis. Considering this paradigm-setting trend, the current review summarizes the advancements in gut microbiota and its related nanomedicines. Specifically, this article introduces the immunological effects of gut microbiota, summarizes the gut-X axis-associated diseases, and highlights the nanotherapeutics-mediated treatment via remolding the gut-X axis. Moreover, this review also discusses the challenges in studies related to nanomedicines targeting the gut microbiota and offers the future perspective, thereby aiming at charting a course toward clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhang D, Chen L, Zhou J, Ren B, Chen H. The progress of autoimmune hepatitis research and future challenges. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230823. [PMID: 38025543 PMCID: PMC10655690 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver inflammatory disease with various immune system manifestations, showing a global trend of increased prevalence. AIH is diagnosed through histological abnormalities, clinical manifestations, and biochemical indicators. The biochemical markers involve interfacial hepatitis, transaminase abnormalities, positive autoantibodies, etc. Although AIH pathogenesis is unclear, gene mutations and immunological factors could be the leading factors. AIH usually presents as a chronic liver disease and sometimes as acute hepatitis, making it challenging to distinguish it from drug-related hepatitis due to similar clinical symptoms. Normalizing transaminases and serum IgG levels is essential in assessing the remission status of AIH treatment. Glucocorticoids and azathioprine are the first-line AIH treatment, with lifelong maintenance therapy in some patients. The quality of life and survival can be improved after appropriate treatment. However, certain limitations jeopardize the quality of treatment, including long treatment cycles, side effects, poor patient compliance, and inability to inhibit liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Accurate AIH animal models will help us understand the pathophysiology of the disease while providing fresh perspectives for avoiding and treating AIH. This review will help us understand AIH better, from the cellular and molecular causes to the clinical features, and will provide insight into new therapy techniques with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Graduate Department of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Dehe Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Binbin Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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25
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Aboushaala K, Wong AYL, Barajas JN, Lim P, Al-Harthi L, Chee A, Forsyth CB, Oh CD, Toro SJ, Williams FMK, An HS, Samartzis D. The Human Microbiome and Its Role in Musculoskeletal Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1937. [PMID: 37895286 PMCID: PMC10606932 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are characterized as injuries and illnesses that affect the musculoskeletal system. MSDs affect every population worldwide and are associated with substantial global burden. Variations in the makeup of the gut microbiota may be related to chronic MSDs. There is growing interest in exploring potential connections between chronic MSDs and variations in the composition of gut microbiota. The human microbiota is a complex community consisting of viruses, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes, both inside and outside of the human body. These microorganisms play crucial roles in influencing human physiology, impacting metabolic and immunological systems in health and disease. Different body areas host specific types of microorganisms, with facultative anaerobes dominating the gastrointestinal tract (able to thrive with or without oxygen), while strict aerobes prevail in the nasal cavity, respiratory tract, and skin surfaces (requiring oxygen for development). Together with the immune system, these bacteria have coevolved throughout time, forming complex biological relationships. Changes in the microbial ecology of the gut may have a big impact on health and can help illnesses develop. These changes are frequently impacted by lifestyle choices and underlying medical disorders. The potential for safety, expenses, and efficacy of microbiota-based medicines, even with occasional delivery, has attracted interest. They are, therefore, a desirable candidate for treating MSDs that are chronic and that may have variable progression patterns. As such, the following is a narrative review to address the role of the human microbiome as it relates to MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aboushaala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arnold Y. L. Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Juan Nicolas Barajas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Perry Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Chun-do Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sheila J. Toro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Howard S. An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dino Samartzis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (J.N.B.); (P.L.); (A.C.); (C.-d.O.); (S.J.T.); (H.S.A.)
- International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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26
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Belei O, Jugănaru I, Basaca DG, Munteanu AI, Mărginean O. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Celiac Disease and Further Therapeutic Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2039. [PMID: 37895421 PMCID: PMC10608277 DOI: 10.3390/life13102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by exposure to gluten and related prolamins in genetically susceptible individuals. It is a complex genetic disorder with multiple contributing genes. Linkage studies have identified several genomic regions that probably contain CD susceptibility genes. The most important genetic factors are HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. Several known environmental triggers promote the onset of CD at any age after gluten introduction in individuals with a genetic background, such as viral infections and intestinal dysbiosis. Recent publications have described the interference of the intestinal microbiome in gluten metabolism, modulation of local immune reactions, and in maintaining normal gut permeability. These results have promoted further lines of research on the benefit of probiotic administration to prevent disease onset or alleviate clinical symptoms along with a gluten-free diet (GFD). The relationship between gut microbiome changes and the onset of CD is incompletely understood, still being the subject of current research. This narrative review analyzes the interplay between environmental factors, intestinal microbiome alterations, and the course of CD. Furthermore, this review sets out to discuss if modulation of intestinal microflora with pre- and probiotics along with a GFD could represent a reliable therapeutic target for celiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Belei
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Iulius Jugănaru
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Diana-Georgiana Basaca
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Ioan Munteanu
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Mărginean
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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27
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Fu Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Chen C, Liu J, Gu S, Zheng Y, Li Y. Causal effects of gut microbiome on autoimmune liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:232. [PMID: 37789337 PMCID: PMC10548566 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated a potential link between the gut microbiome and autoimmune liver disease (AILD) such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The relationship between the gut microbiome and autoimmune liver disease is still uncertain due to confounding variables. In our study, we aim to shed light on this relationship by employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using the R package "TwoSampleMR". The exposure data consisted of genetic variants associated with 194 bacterial traits obtained from the MiBioGen consortium. Summary statistics for AILD were obtained from the GWAS Catalog website. Furthermore, a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the initial MR results. RESULTS There were two, four and three bacteria traits associated with an increased risk of AIH. PBC, and PSC respectively. In contrast, there were five, two and five bacteria traits associated with a decreased risk for AIH, PBC and PSC. Notably, the genus_Clostridium_innocuum_group showed a negative association with AIH (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.93), and the genus_Actinomyces was found to be genetically associated with a decreased risk of PSC (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.90). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified the causal impact of specific bacterial features on the risk of AILD subtypes. Particularly, the genus_Clostridium_innocuum_group and the genus_Actinomyces demonstrated significant protective effects against AIH and PSC respectively. These findings provide further support for the potential use of targeted probiotics in the management of AILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China
- Municipal Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China
- Municipal Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China
- Municipal Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China
- Municipal Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China
- Municipal Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Simin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China
- Municipal Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yiyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhijiang Middle Road 274#, Shanghai, Jing'an District, China.
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Wu Z, Gou R, Sha L, Yu C, Meng L, Jin Z. Effects of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside on Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis and Drug Resistance Transmission Caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica B1645-1: Modulating the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota and Promoting the Transfer of blaNDM-1 Gene from Genus Enterococcus to Lactobacillus in Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2477. [PMID: 37894135 PMCID: PMC10609467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica is an Enterobacteriaceae bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IOG) is a flavonoid that has broad effects on the intestinal microbiota of healthy animals. However, current studies lack sufficient data on intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and drug resistance transmission caused by R. ornithinolytica and the possible role of IOG. In this study, BALB/c mice were infected with R. ornithinolytica carrying blaNDM-1 gene and treated with IOG (3 mg/kg·d and 6 mg/kg·d) to analyze the diversity of intestinal microbiota and the transfer of blaNDM-1 between bacteria. The findings indicated that R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 exhibited a significant ability to enhance the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus after 48 h, where as 6 mg/kg·d IOG had an opposite effect. Moreover, R. ornithinolytica B1645-1 facilitated the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted blaNDM-1 gene transfer in Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Lactobacillus. Enterococcus was the predominant genus at 48 h. Surprisingly, 6 mg/kg·d IOG significantly inhibited the production of drug-resistant bacteria and promoted blaNDM-1 gene transfer from Enterococcus to Lactobacillus at 144 h. However, the role of Lactobacillus as a recipient for drug-resistant genes should be of more concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomeng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Ronghui Gou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Longhua Sha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunfang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Lixue Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zhixiong Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; (Z.W.); (R.G.); (L.S.); (C.Y.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Xia X. Autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2004 to 2022. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2813-2827. [PMID: 36859447 PMCID: PMC10543628 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to autoimmune diseases (ADs). Studies on gut microbiota and ADs have also increased significantly, but no bibliometric analysis has summarized the association between gut microbiota and ADs. This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric and visual analysis of published studies on gut microbiota and ADs. Based on the Web of Science Core Collection SCI-expanded database, we utilize Excel 2019 and visualization analysis tools VOSviewer and co-occurrence13.2 (COOC13.2) for analysis. A total of 2516 related kinds of literature were included, and the number of papers presented an overall increasing trend. The country/region with the most publications is the USA, the institution is the Harvard Medical School, and the author is Mikael Knip from the USA. Hot research areas include intestinal regulation (such as dysbiosis, short chain fatty acids, and probiotics), multisystem ADs (such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease), and immune-related cells (such as T cells, and dendritic cells). Psoriasis, dysbiosis, autoimmune liver disease, and fecal microbiota transplantation may be the future research direction. Our research results can help researchers grasp the current status of ADs and gut microbiota research and find new research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youao Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine , Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 501515 China
| | - Yongzheng Peng
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Xu Xia
- Southern Medical University Library, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
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30
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Ma L, Song J, Chen X, Dai D, Chen J, Zhang L. Fecal microbiota transplantation regulates TFH/TFR cell imbalance via TLR/MyD88 pathway in experimental autoimmune hepatitis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20591. [PMID: 37860535 PMCID: PMC10582310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease. Intestinal flora disturbance in AIH is closely related to TFH/TFR cell imbalances. As a new method of microbial therapy, the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in AIH remains elusive. Here, we attempted to verify the functional role and molecular mechanism of FMT in AIH. Methods An experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) mouse model was established to mimic the characteristics of AIH. H&E staining was used to detect histological features in mouse liver tissues. Serological tests were employed to identify several liver function biomarkers. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine the status of TFH/TFR cell subsets. Western blotting was used to evaluate TLR pathway-associated protein abundance. RT‒qPCR was applied to evaluate Treg cell markers and inflammation marker levels in mouse liver tissues. Results There was significant liver inflammation and dysregulated TFR/TFH cells with elevated levels of liver inflammation-associated biomarkers in EAH mice. Interestingly, transferring therapeutic FMT into EAH mice dramatically reduced liver injury and improved the imbalance between splenic TFR and TFH cells. FMT treatment also reduced elevated contents of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL) in EAH mice. Furthermore, therapeutic FMT reversed the increased levels of IL-21 while promoting IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. Mechanistically, FMT regulated TFH cell response in EAH mice in a TLR4/11/MyD88 pathway-dependent manner. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that liver injury and dysregulation between TFR and TFH cells in EAH might be reversed by therapeutic FMT via the TLR4/11-MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Wuqia, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Jianguo Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Wuqia, Xin Jiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Wuqia, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Duan Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Stojic J, Kukla M, Grgurevic I. The Intestinal Microbiota in the Development of Chronic Liver Disease: Current Status. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2960. [PMID: 37761327 PMCID: PMC10528663 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant global health burden, leading to millions of deaths annually. The gut-liver axis plays a pivotal role in this context, allowing the transport of gut-derived products directly to the liver, as well as biological compounds from the liver to the intestine. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining the health of the digestive system. A change in gut microbiome composition as seen in dysbiosis is associated with immune dysregulation, altered energy and gut hormone regulation, and increased intestinal permeability, contributing to inflammatory mechanisms and damage to the liver, irrespective of the underlying etiology of CLD. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge about the composition of the intestinal microbiome in healthy individuals and those with CLD, including the factors that affect this composition, the impact of the altered microbiome on the liver, and the mechanisms by which it occurs. Furthermore, this review analyzes the effects of gut microbiome modulation on the course of CLD, by using pharmacotherapy, nutrition, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplements, and probiotics. This review opens avenues for the translation of knowledge about gut-liver interplay into clinical practice as an additional tool to fight CLD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Stojic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagellonian University Medical College, 31-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ivica Grgurevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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32
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He K, Liu M, Wang Q, Chen S, Guo X. Combined analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics to find biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15138. [PMID: 37704684 PMCID: PMC10499917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) is a kind of liver dysfunction which caused by drugs, and gut microbiota could affect liver injury. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites in DILI patients is not clear. The total gut microbiota DNA was extracted from 28 DILI patient and 28 healthy control volunteers (HC) and 16S rDNA gene were amplified. Next, differentially metabolites were screened. Finally, the correlations between the diagnostic strains and differentially metabolites were studied.The richness and uniformity of the bacterial communities decreased in DILI patients, and the structure of gut microbiota changed obviously. Enterococcus and Veillonella which belong to Firmicutes increased in DILI, and Blautia and Ralstonia which belong to Firmicutes, Dialister which belongs to Proteobacteria increased in HC. In addition, these diagnostic OTUs of DILI were associated with the DILI damage mechanism. On the other hands, there were 66 differentially metabolites between DILI and HC samples, and these metabolites were mainly enriched in pyrimidine metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, the collinear network map of the key microbiota-metabolites were constructed and the results indicated that Cortodoxone, Prostaglandin I1, Bioyclo Prostaglandin E2 and Anacardic acid were positively correlated with Blautia and Ralstonia, and negatively correlated with Veillonella.This study analyzed the changes of DILI from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolites. Key strains and differentially metabolites of DILI were screened and the correlations between them were studied. This study further illustrated the mechanism of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaini He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mimi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong, University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen Y, Lei Y, Wang H, Wang L, Xu J, Wang S, Yu M, Peng Z, Xiao F, Tian D, Liu M. Sophoricoside attenuates autoimmune‑mediated liver injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:78. [PMID: 37477163 PMCID: PMC10555480 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is increasing, yet specific pharmacotherapies remain to be explored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sophoricoside (SOP), a bioactive component of medical herbs, on AIH and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatic approaches were used to predict the potential targets and underlying regulatory mechanisms of SOP on AIH. The effects of SOP on AIH were evaluated by determining the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, histological liver injury and hepatic fibrosis in an improved chronic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)‑AIH mouse model and in a model of concanavalin‑A (ConA)‑induced acute immune‑mediated liver injury. The antioxidant activity of SOP was detected in in vivo and in vitro experiments. The selected signal targeted by SOP in AIH was further confirmed using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The results of bioinformatic analysis revealed that the targets of SOP in AIH were related to oxidative stress and the NF‑κB gene set. The NF‑κB transcription factor family is a key player that controls both innate and adaptive immunity. The activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway is often associated with autoimmune disorders. In the animal experiments, SOP attenuated CYP2D6/ConA‑induced AIH, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the levels of hepatic enzymes in serum, inflammatory cytokine expression and histological lesions in the liver. The oxidative response in AIH was also significantly inhibited by SOP, as evidenced by a decrease in the levels of hepatic malondialdehyde, and elevations in the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase levels. The results of the in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that SOP significantly reduced the enhanced expression and nuclear translocation of phosphorylated p65 NF‑κB in the livers of mice with AIH and in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated AML12 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates the protective role of SOP in AIH, which may be mediated by limiting the oxidative response and the activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqi Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Turjeman S, Sharon E, Levin R, Oralewska B, Szaflarska-Popławska A, Bierła JB, Cukrowska B, Koren O. Celiac-the lone horse? An autoimmune condition without signals of microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0146323. [PMID: 37565758 PMCID: PMC10581062 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01463-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the role of microbiota in autoimmune processes, but research regarding the role of the gut microbiota in celiac disease (CD) is still emerging, and a consistent CD-associated dysbiosis pattern has not yet been defined. Here, we characterized the microbiota of children newly diagnosed with CD, with their unaffected family members as a healthy control group to reduce confounding factors including genetic background, hygiene, dietary habits, and environment, and followed children with CD over 1 year of dietary intervention (exclusion of gluten) to understand if the microbiota is associated with CD and its mediation. We did not find differences in the microbiota of siblings with and without CD, despite a wealth of evidence in the literature supporting CD-specific microbiota. CD is common among first-degree relatives, so this could suggest that unaffected family members in this study may be living in a pre-CD state, currently below clinical detection. Interestingly, despite the effectiveness of diet in CD control, we did not observe diet-mediated microbiota changes, except for short-term increase in Akkermansia muciniphila. This lack of effect could suggest a very strong CD microbial signature even when controlled or could be a technical shortcoming. Expanded future studies with both related and unrelated controls and diet interventions in both the CD and control arms can provide further context to our findings. IMPORTANCE The microbiota is the community of microbes that live in and on us. These microbes are essential to our health and everyday function. Disruption of the community is associated with diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome to autoimmune diseases to mental disorders. In the case of celiac disease (CD), research remains inconclusive regarding implications of the microbiota in etiology. Here, we compared microbiota of children with CD to those of their unaffected family members and found very few differences in microbiota profiles. We next examined how gluten elimination in CD patients affects the microbiota. Surprisingly, despite diet adherence, microbiota shifts were minimal, with only a short-term increase in Akkermansia muciniphila. Previous studies suggest that family members of CD patients may be living in a pre-CD state, which could explain their microbial similarity. A larger study with unrelated controls and increased microbiota monitoring during diet intervention should give our findings more perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Efrat Sharon
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Rachel Levin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Beata Oralewska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szaflarska-Popławska
- Department of Pediatric Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Function Testing, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna B. Bierła
- Department of Pathomorphology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Zhang Y, Hong L, Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Jiang J, Shi F, Diao H. M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote autoimmune liver injury by transferring long noncoding RNA H19 to hepatocytes. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e303. [PMID: 37398637 PMCID: PMC10310975 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transmitting active molecules. The function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in autoimmune liver injury is unclear. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury is well-characterized immune-mediated hepatitis. Here, we showed that lncRNA H19 expression was increased in the liver after ConA treatment, accompanied by increased exosome secretion. Moreover, injection of AAV-H19 aggravated ConA-induced hepatitis, with an increase in hepatocyte apoptosis. However, GW4869, an exosome inhibitor, alleviated ConA-induced liver injury and inhibited the upregulation of lncRNA H19. Intriguingly, lncRNA H19 expression in the liver was significantly downregulated, after macrophage depletion. Importantly, the lncRNA H19 was primarily expressed in type I macrophage (M1) and encapsulated in M1-derived exosomes. Furthermore, H19 was transported from M1 to hepatocytes via exosomes, and exosomal H19 dramatically induced hepatocytes apoptosis both in vitro and vivo. Mechanistically, H19 upregulated the transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), which accumulated in the cytoplasm and mediated hepatocyte apoptosis by upregulating p53. M1-derived exosomal lncRNA H19 plays a pivotal role in ConA-induced hepatitis through the HIF-1α-p53 signaling pathway. These findings identify M1 macrophage-derived exosomal H19 as a novel target for the treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Lv H, Huo S, Zhao L, Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu S, Tani A, Wang R. Preparation and application of cinnamon-Litsea cubeba compound essential oil microcapsules for peanut kernel postharvest storage. Food Chem 2023; 415:135734. [PMID: 36848837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This research developed a novel, efficient and safe antimildew for peanut kernel postharvest storage. The antimildew, cinnamon-Litsea cubeba compound essential oil (CLCEO) microcapsule (CLCEOM), was synthesized with CLCEO as core materials and β-cyclodextrin as wall materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses indicated that major antifungal compounds of CLCEO were encapsulated in the cavity of β-cyclodextrin. The inhibition zone experiment showed that CLCEOM retained antifungal effect on Aspergillus spp. strains even after storage for 2 months at 4 ℃. Besides, CLCEOM reduced total number of fungal colonies, relative abundance of Aspergillus spp., and aflatoxin B1 content of peanut kernels, and had positive effect on slowing down the increase in acid value of peanut oil without causing any adverse effect on the viability and sensory properties during storage process. Overall, CLCEOM presented good preservative effects on peanut kernels, providing evidence for its potential use as antimildew for peanut storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Lv
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shanshan Huo
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingli Zhao
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shichang Liu
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ruolan Wang
- School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu Z, Zhou H, Liu D, Deng F. Alterations in the gut microbiota and the efficacy of adjuvant probiotic therapy in liver cirrhosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218552. [PMID: 37483387 PMCID: PMC10361729 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of various chronic liver diseases (CLDs). The gut microbiota can impact the liver environment and trigger chronic liver inflammation through the gut-liver axis. Alteration of the gut microbiota has become an effective strategy in the biological treatment of cirrhosis. Methods Twenty-eight patients with liver cirrhosis and 16 healthy individuals were included, and fresh stool samples were collected. We analyzed changes in the gut microbiota between groups by 16S rRNA sequencing and evaluated the association between microbiota alterations and hepatic function. Additionally, 102 cirrhotic patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into a probiotic group (n=44) and a nonprobiotic group (n=58) in addition to standard treatment for cirrhosis. Patients were monitored for hematological parameters and hepatic function during the six-month follow-up. Results The gut microbiota profile of patients with cirrhosis was greatly different from that of healthy individuals, presenting with significantly reduced α diversity and decreased abundance of representative SCFA-producing bacteria including Firmicutes, Coprococcus and Clostridium IV. The pathogenic bacteria Gammaproteobacteria, Veillonella, and Bacilli were greatly enriched in cirrhotic patients. Additionally, patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DCPC) had a significantly reduced abundance of Oscillibacter compared to compensated cirrhosis (CPC), which is also a SCFA-producing bacteria, and the lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and enhanced MDR values were also shown in DCPC patients compared to CPC patients. In addition, the abundance of Firmicutes was negatively related to hepatic function in cirrhotic patients, including the levels of ALT, AST, and DBIL. From the retrospective study, we found that biochemical improvements in alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were obtained in DCPC patients who received oral probiotic therapy compared with the nonprobiotic group. Conclusion Severe microbial dysbiosis existed in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially patients who reached the decompensatory stage. SCFA-producing bacteria were significantly reduced in cirrhosis. Altered gut microbiota cause changes in functional modules, which may contribute to cirrhosis progression and are associated with clinical prognosis. Adjuvant probiotic supplementation to enhance SCFA-producing bacteria can be a prospective therapy for patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hejun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ye Q, Liu S, Lin S, Xie W. Circular RNA circSEMA5A facilitates colorectal cancer development by regulating microRNA-195-5p to target CCNE1 axis. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110649. [PMID: 37164546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies with a high mortality rate worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have lately emerged as key molecules involved in cancer development and metastasis. CircSEMA5 is reported to be oncogenic in some cancers, yet its role in the pathogenesis of CRC remains unknown. Herein, we attempted to investigate the functional role and molecular mechanism of circSEMA5A underlying CRC progression. RT-qPCR and RNase R digestion assays were used to evaluate circSEMA5A expression characteristics in CRC cells. Loss-of-function assays were performed to clarify circSEMA5A role in CRC biological processes. Bioinformatics and mechanism experiments were conducted to assess the association of circSEMA5A or CCNE1 with miR-195-5p in CRC cells. Rescue assays were conducted to explore the regulatory function of circSEMA5A-miR-195-5p-CCNE1 in CRC cellular processes. Through bioinformatics and functional screening, we found that circSEMA5A was highly expressed in CRC cells and was mainly localized in the nucleus. CircSEMA5A promoted CRC proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities in cultured cells and facilitated the tumorigenic process in xenografts; however, circSEMA5A silencing repressed tumor metastasis in CRC cells. Mechanistically, circSEMA5A was competitively bound with miR-195-5p to upregulate CCNE1 expression. Moreover, the impact of circSEMA5A knockdown on CRC cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities was countervailed by miR-195-5p inhibitor or CCNE1 overexpression. To summarize, circSEMA5A is a novel circRNA that serves as an oncogene in CRC progression. CircSEMA5A facilitates CRC cell malignancy and tumor growth through sponging miR-195-5p to upregulate CCNE1, thus providing a new direction for CRC diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ye
- Second Department of External Medicine, Longyan People's Hospital, No. 31 Denggao West Road, Xinluo District, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Shixing Liu
- Second Department of External Medicine, Longyan People's Hospital, No. 31 Denggao West Road, Xinluo District, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China.
| | - Shiqiang Lin
- Second Department of External Medicine, Longyan People's Hospital, No. 31 Denggao West Road, Xinluo District, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Second Department of External Medicine, Longyan People's Hospital, No. 31 Denggao West Road, Xinluo District, Longyan 364000, Fujian, China
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Schneider KM, Kummen M, Trivedi PJ, Hov JR. Role of microbiome in autoimmune liver diseases. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00493. [PMID: 37369002 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome plays a crucial role in integrating environmental influences into host physiology, potentially linking it to autoimmune liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. All autoimmune liver diseases are associated with reduced diversity of the gut microbiome and altered abundance of certain bacteria. However, the relationship between the microbiome and liver diseases is bidirectional and varies over the course of the disease. This makes it challenging to dissect whether such changes in the microbiome are initiating or driving factors in autoimmune liver diseases, secondary consequences of disease and/or pharmacological intervention, or alterations that modify the clinical course that patients experience. Potential mechanisms include the presence of pathobionts, disease-modifying microbial metabolites, and more nonspecific reduced gut barrier function, and it is highly likely that the effect of these change during the progression of the disease. Recurrent disease after liver transplantation is a major clinical challenge and a common denominator in these conditions, which could also represent a window to disease mechanisms of the gut-liver axis. Herein, we propose future research priorities, which should involve clinical trials, extensive molecular phenotyping at high resolution, and experimental studies in model systems. Overall, autoimmune liver diseases are characterized by an altered microbiome, and interventions targeting these changes hold promise for improving clinical care based on the emerging field of microbiota medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Kummen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Palak J Trivedi
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, University of Birmingham, UK
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Liu L, Li L, Li C, Wang H, Zhang X, Ren Q, Zhang H, Jin N, Li C, Zhao C. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658 Supplementation on the Production, Meat Quality, Intestinal Morphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broilers Chickens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1549. [PMID: 37375050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of L. plantarum LPJZ-658 on the production, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of broilers. White-feathered broilers (1 day old, n = 600) were randomly assigned to two groups and raised for six weeks. The individuals in the LPJZ-658 group were supplemented with 2.6 × 109 cfu/g LPJZ-658. The growth performance, meat quality, intestinal epithelium morphology, and cecal microbiota were observed. The results showed that the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers in the LPJZ-658 group were significantly improved. In addition, the LPJZ-658 groups had a higher thigh muscle (TM) yield, TM color, TMpH24h, breast muscle (BM) pH24h, and BM color24h, while the BM cooking loss was significantly lower than the CON group. Moreover, supplementation with LPJZ-658 increased ileum and cecum length, duodenum and ileum villus height, and ileum villus height/crypt depth ratio. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the dietary LPJZ-658 supplementation modulated the diversity and composition of cecal microflora. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, and Acidobacteriota were significantly higher. In addition, LPJZ-658 substantially decreased the genus relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus compared with the CON group and facilitated the growth and colonization of beneficial cecal bacteria, such as OBacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Bacillus, and Akkermansia. It was concluded that LPJZ-658 supplementation significantly increased growth production, improved meat quality and intestinal status, and modulated the intestinal microbiota in the broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Qingdan Ren
- Jilin Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010010, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
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Zhang W, Mackay CR, Gershwin ME. Immunomodulatory Effects of Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Autoimmune Liver Diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1629-1639. [PMID: 37186939 PMCID: PMC10188201 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonpathogenic commensal microbiota and their metabolites and components are essential to maintain a tolerogenic environment and promote beneficial health effects. The metabolic environment critically impacts the outcome of immune responses and likely impacts autoimmune and allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by microbial fermentation in the gut. Given the high concentration of SCFAs in the gut and portal vein and their broad immune regulatory functions, SCFAs significantly influence immune tolerance and gut-liver immunity. Alterations of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs have been identified in a multitude of inflammatory diseases. These data have particular significance in primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis because of the close proximity of the liver to the gut. In this focused review, we provide an update on the immunologic consequences of SCFA-producing microbiota and in particular on three dominant SCFAs in autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles R. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
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Li X, Yi Y, Wu T, Chen N, Gu X, Xiang L, Jiang Z, Li J, Jin H. Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals the interaction between intestinal flora and serum metabolites as potential biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1170748. [PMID: 37260707 PMCID: PMC10227431 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1170748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, liver cancer poses a serious threat to human health and quality of life. Despite numerous studies on the microbial composition of the gut in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), little is known about the interactions of the gut microbiota and metabolites and their role in HCC. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiota and serum metabolic profiles in 68 patients with HCC, 33 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 34 healthy individuals (NC) using a combination of metagenome sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The composition of the serum metabolites and the structure of the intestinal microbiota were found to be significantly altered in HCC patients compared to non-HCC patients. LEfSe and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were used to identify two key species (Odoribacter splanchnicus and Ruminococcus bicirculans) and five key metabolites (ouabain, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholate, theophylline, and xanthine) associated with HCC, which then were combined to create panels for HCC diagnosis. The study discovered that the diagnostic performance of the metabolome was superior to that of the microbiome, and a panel comprised of key species and key metabolites outperformed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in terms of diagnostic value. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the intestinal flora and serum metabolites and their impact on hepatocarcinogenesis and progression. A random forest model was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the different histologies alone and in combination. In summary, this study describes the characteristics of HCC patients' intestinal flora and serum metabolism, demonstrates that HCC is caused by the interaction of intestinal flora and serum metabolites, and suggests that two key species and five key metabolites may be potential markers for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongxin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaodi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heiying Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Czaja AJ. Incorporating the Molecular Mimicry of Environmental Antigens into the Causality of Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07967-5. [PMID: 37160542 PMCID: PMC10169207 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mimicry between foreign and self-antigens has been implicated as a cause of autoimmune hepatitis in experimental models and cross-reacting antibodies in patients. This review describes the experimental and clinical evidence for molecular mimicry as a cause of autoimmune hepatitis, indicates the limitations and uncertainties of this premise, and encourages investigations that assess diverse environmental antigens as sources of disease-relevant molecular mimics. Pertinent articles were identified in PubMed using multiple search phrases. Several pathogens have linear or conformational epitopes that mimic the self-antigens of autoimmune hepatitis. The occurrence of an acute immune-mediated hepatitis after vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has suggested that vaccine-induced peptides may mimic disease-relevant tissue antigens. The intestinal microbiome is an under-evaluated source of gut-derived antigens that could also engage in molecular mimicry. Chaperone molecules may enhance the pathogenicity of molecular mimics, and they warrant investigation. Molecular mimics of immune dominant epitopes within cytochrome P450 IID6, the autoantigen most closely associated with autoimmune hepatitis, should be sought in diverse environmental antigens and assessed for pathogenicity. Avoidance strategies, dietary adjustments, vaccine improvement, and targeted manipulation of the intestinal microbiota may emerge as therapeutic possibilities. In conclusion, molecular mimicry may be a missing causality of autoimmune hepatitis. Molecular mimics of key immune dominant epitopes of disease-specific antigens must be sought in diverse environmental antigens. The ubiquity of molecular mimicry compels rigorous assessments of peptide mimics for immunogenicity and pathogenicity in experimental models. Molecular mimicry may complement epigenetic modifications as causative mechanisms of autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Liang Y, Xie R, Xiong X, Hu Z, Mao X, Wang X, Zhang J, Sun P, Yue Z, Wang W, Zhang G. Alterations of nasal microbiome in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1286-1295.e2. [PMID: 36736796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to microbes may be important in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Dysbiosis of the nasal microbiome is considered to be related to CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The link between the nasal microbiota and eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) has rarely been studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to rigorously characterize nasal dysbiosis in a cohort of patients with eCRSwNP and compare the nasal microbiomes of these patients with those of healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 34 patients with eCRSwNP, 10 patients without CRSwNP, and 44 HCs by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An independent cohort of 14 patients with eCRSwNP, 9 patients without CRSwNP, and 11 HCs was used to validate the results. RESULTS Compared with the nasal microbiome of healthy controls, the nasal microbiome of patients with eCRSwNP was characterized by higher α-diversity (Shannon and Chao1 index) and a distinct composition of microbes. Notably, the distinct differences in microbial composition between patients with eCRSwNP and HCs were significantly correlated with eCRSwNP disease status. Furthermore, in a diagnostic model generated by using these differences, a combination of 15 genera could be used to distinguish patients with eCRSwNP from HCs, with an area under the curve of approximately 0.8 in both the exploration and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION Our study establishes the compositional alterations in the nasal microbiome in eCRSwNP and suggests the potential for using the nasal microbiota as a noninvasive predictive classifier for the diagnosis of eCRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Runxiang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanjun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiyong Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China.
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Lopez RN, Leach ST, Bowcock N, Coker E, Shapiro AJ, Day AS, Lemberg DA. Differences in Gut Microbiome Profile between Healthy Children and Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and/or Autoimmune Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040585. [PMID: 37111471 PMCID: PMC10145405 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease is increasingly appreciated. A significant amount of evidence clearly points to a dysbiosis manifest in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when compared to healthy controls. Less understood is the microbiome profile in autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Both adult and paediatric data indicate a distinct microbial signature in patients with IBD and co-existent primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), which is unique and different compared to the microbial signature that exists in patients with IBD alone. However, there is limited information on the microbiome make-up of patients with parenchymal liver disease, with or without IBD. METHODS The present study sought to compare the microbiome of children with IBD, to those with IBD-AILD, those with AILD alone and those of healthy controls. RESULTS Results from this work indicate that children with AILD have a microbiome profile that mirrors healthy controls. CONCLUSION Those with IBD-AILD and IBD have similar microbiome profiles which are distinct from AILD alone and healthy controls. This suggests that the dysbiosis in these groups is primarily due to IBD rather than AILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Lopez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Steven T Leach
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Nerissa Bowcock
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Elise Coker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
| | - Amanda J Shapiro
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Kugler T, Taradin G. HELICOBACTER AND HEPATOBILIARY DISEASES: UPDATE 2023. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:271-281. [PMID: 37556754 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202302023-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
•Clinical studies have shown that hepatobiliary diseases of inflammatory and neoplastic origin are associated with Helicobacter infection. •Translocation and the ascending pathway are putative mechanisms for Helicobacter spp to enter the hepatobiliary system. •H. pylori infection has a systemic effect through the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, leukotrienes, interferon-β, interferon-γ, and acute phase proteins. •Histopathological confirmation is needed to present that H. pylori eradication prevents or improves hepatobiliary disease progression. Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main infectious causes of gastroduodenal diseases, however, its role in developing different extragastric diseases has been proven. The possible involvement of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, skin, and hepatobiliary diseases is suggested. The bacterium has been found in tissue samples from the liver, biliary tract, and gallstones of animals and humans. However, the role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of liver and biliary diseases has not been finally established. The histopathological confirmation of the positive effect of H. pylori eradication is needed. In addition, there are discussions on the clinical significance of other Helicobacter species. The review presents the data available for and against the involvement of H. pylori in hepatobi-liary disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kugler
- Donetsk National Medical University, Faculty of postgraduate education, Department of Therapy, Donetsk Oblast, Ucrânia
| | - Gennady Taradin
- Donetsk National Medical University, Faculty of postgraduate education, Department of Therapy, Donetsk Oblast, Ucrânia
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Zhang SM, Huang SL. The Commensal Anaerobe Veillonella dispar Reprograms Its Lactate Metabolism and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production during the Stationary Phase. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0355822. [PMID: 36975840 PMCID: PMC10100942 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03558-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Veillonella spp. are obligate, anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria found in the human oral cavity and gut. Recent studies have indicated that gut Veillonella promote human homeostasis by producing beneficial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), by lactate fermentation. The gut lumen is a dynamic environment with fluctuating nutrient levels, so the microbes present shifting growth rates and significant variations of gene expression. The current knowledge of lactate metabolism by Veillonella has focused on log phase growth. However, the gut microbes are mainly in the stationary phase. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomes and major metabolites of Veillonella dispar ATCC 17748T during growth from log to stationary phases with lactate as the main carbon source. Our results revealed that V. dispar reprogrammed its lactate metabolism during the stationary phase. Lactate catabolic activity and propionate production were significantly decreased during the early stationary phase but were partially restored during the stationary phase. The propionate/acetate production ratio was lowered from 1.5 during the log phase to 0.9 during the stationary phase. Pyruvate secretion was also greatly decreased during the stationary phase. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the gene expression of V. dispar is reprogrammed during growth, as evidenced by the distinct transcriptomes present during the log, early stationary, and stationary phases. In particular, propionate metabolism (the propanediol pathway) was downregulated during the early stationary phase, which explains the decrease in propionate production during the stationary phase. The fluctuations in lactate fermentation during the stationary phase and the associated gene regulation expand our understanding of the metabolism of commensal anaerobes in changing environments. IMPORTANCE Short-chain fatty acids produced by gut commensal bacteria play an important role in human physiology. Gut Veillonella and the metabolites acetate and propionate, produced by lactate fermentation, are associated with human health. Most gut bacteria in humans are in the stationary phase. Lactate metabolism by Veillonella spp. during the stationary phase is poorly understood and was therefore the focus of the study. To this end, we used a commensal anaerobic bacterium and explored its short-chain fatty acid production and gene regulation in order to provide a better understanding of lactate metabolism dynamics during nutrient limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Min Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Ly Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang X, Huang X, Huang Y, Zheng J, Lu Y, Mai Z, Zhao X, Cui L, Huang S. The oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases: friend or foe? J Transl Med 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 36949458 PMCID: PMC10031900 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is colonized by abundant and diverse microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome. The oral cavity has more than 700 species of bacteria and consists of unique microbiome niches on mucosal surfaces, on tooth hard tissue, and in saliva. The homeostatic balance between the oral microbiota and the immune system plays an indispensable role in maintaining the well-being and health status of the human host. Growing evidence has demonstrated that oral microbiota dysbiosis is actively involved in regulating the initiation and progression of an array of autoimmune diseases.Oral microbiota dysbiosis is driven by multiple factors, such as host genetic factors, dietary habits, stress, smoking, administration of antibiotics, tissue injury and infection. The dysregulation in the oral microbiome plays a crucial role in triggering and promoting autoimmune diseases via several mechanisms, including microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, autoantigen overproduction, and amplification of autoimmune responses by cytokines. Good oral hygiene behaviors, low carbohydrate diets, healthy lifestyles, usage of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, oral microbiota transplantation and nanomedicine-based therapeutics are promising avenues for maintaining a balanced oral microbiome and treating oral microbiota-mediated autoimmune diseases. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota dysbiosis and autoimmune diseases is critical for providing novel insights into the development of oral microbiota-based therapeutic approaches for combating these refractory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiangyu Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Zizhao Mai
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Haizhu District, No.366 Jiangnan Da Dao Nan, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Autoimmune Hepatitis and Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051979. [PMID: 36902767 PMCID: PMC10004701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-inflammatory disease of the liver, generally considered a rare condition. The clinical manifestation is extremely varied and can range from paucisymptomatic forms to severe hepatitis. Chronic liver damage causes activation of hepatic and inflammatory cells leading to inflammation and oxidative stress through the production of mediators. This results in increased collagen production and extracellular matrix deposition leading to fibrosis and even cirrhosis. The gold standard for the diagnosis of fibrosis is liver biopsy; however, there are serum biomarkers, scoring systems, and radiological methods useful for diagnosis and staging. The goal of AIH treatment is to suppress fibrotic and inflammatory activities in the liver to prevent disease progression and achieve complete remission. Therapy involves the use of classic steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants, but in recent years scientific research has focused on several new alternative drugs for AIH that will be discussed in the review.
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Hov JR, Karlsen TH. The microbiota and the gut-liver axis in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:135-154. [PMID: 36352157 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) offers unique opportunities to explore the gut-liver axis owing to the close association between liver disease and colonic inflammation. It is well established that the gut microbiota in people with PSC differs from that of healthy individuals, but details of the microbial factors that demarcate PSC from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without PSC are poorly understood. In this Review, we aim to provide an overview of the latest literature on the gut microbiome in PSC and PSC with IBD, critically examining hypotheses on how microorganisms could contribute to the pathogenesis of PSC. A particular emphasis will be put on pathogenic features of the gut microbiota that might explain the occurrence of bile duct inflammation and liver disease in the context of IBD, and we postulate the potential existence of a specific yet unknown factor related to the gut-liver axis as causative in PSC. Available data are scrutinized in the perspective of therapeutic approaches related to the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section of gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section of gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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