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Jiang D, Nie H, Wang Z, Xiong Y, Shen H, Gao Y, Zhu X, Mao Z. Developing oxaliplatin and IL-15 Co-carried gels as drug depots to enable triple-interlocked combination therapy for colorectal cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:113996. [PMID: 38850745 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy, which involves the simultaneous use of chemotherapy drug and immunotherapeutic agent to achieve synergistic effects, plays a crucial role in cancer treatment. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, insufficient tumor specificity, and serious systemic side effects hinder their synergistic therapeutic effects and clinical applications. Herein, T cell and natural killer (NK) cell, which are the most important immune effector cells, were both activated to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. To simplify drug carriers, oxaliplatin was selected as the chemotherapy drug which can both induce the ICD effect and activate T cells. IL-15 was selected to activate NK cells. To enhance the productivity of the carrier and reduce side effects, the easy-prepared thermosensitive hydrogel (OXL/IL-15 TG) was developed to co-load oxaliplatin-loaded liposomes (OXL) and IL-15. Colorectal cancer, suitable for in situ administration, was selected as model cancer. The resulting novel triple-interlocked combination therapy could directly kill the tumor cells, induces ICD effect and activate NK cells. After administration, OXL/IL-15 TG was formed serving as a drug depot, slowing releasing OXL and IL-15 non-interferencely. OXL around 165.47±7.04 nm was passively delivered to tumor tissue, killing tumor cells and inducing ICD effect. The results demonstrated that IL-15 stimulated the activation of NK cells. In tumor-bearing mice models, OXL/IL-15 TG exhibited a remarkable and noteworthy anti-tumor efficacy, and expanded survival rate. Notably, OXL/IL-15 TG led to an enhanced infiltration of CD3+CD8+ T cells and CD3-CD49+ NK cells within the tumor tissue. Overall, the triple-interlocked combination therapy provided a new idea for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Haiqian Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ziang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuhan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Huimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Henan Province; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Xiali Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhenkun Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
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2
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Liu B, Hu S, Wang X. Applications of single-cell technologies in drug discovery for tumor treatment. iScience 2024; 27:110486. [PMID: 39171294 PMCID: PMC11338156 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have been known as advanced and powerful tools to study tumor biological systems at the single-cell resolution and are playing increasingly critical roles in multiple stages of drug discovery and development. Specifically, single-cell technologies can promote the discovery of drug targets, help high-throughput screening at single-cell level, and contribute to pharmacokinetic studies of anti-tumor drugs. Emerging single-cell analysis technologies have been developed to further integrating multidimensional single-cell molecular features, expanding the scale of single-cell data, profiling phenotypic impact of genes in single cell, and providing full-length coverage single-cell sequencing. In this review, we systematically summarized the applications of single-cell technologies in various sections of drug discovery for tumor treatment, including target identification, high-throughput drug screening, and pharmacokinetic evaluation and highlighted emerging single-cell technologies in providing in-depth understanding of tumor biology. Single-cell-technology-based drug discovery is expected to further optimize therapeutic strategies and improve clinical outcomes of tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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Zanabria D, Galvez-Nino M, Araujo JM, Alfaro A, Fajardo W, Saravia L, Quispe L, Velazque G, Carbajal J, López MJ, Jimenez S, Montenegro P, Zevallos A, Clavo MDLA, Medina-Pérez P, Cornejo M, Requena M, Aguilar A, Pinto JA. Socioeconomic disparities and the genomic landscape of gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15070. [PMID: 38956258 PMCID: PMC11219810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The genomic characteristics of Peruvian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds were examined in consideration of the possibility that patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds may be exposed to different risk factors. We conducted a prospective pilot study in two Peruvian cities (Lima and Ica). This study enrolled 15 patients from low socioeconomic status (LSES) and 15 patients from medium/high socioeconomic status (MHSES). The genomic profiling of gastric adenocarcinoma samples was done through the FoundationOne CDx platform. We compared the genomic characteristics and the need for targeted therapy and immunotherapy between LSES and MHSES. The genes with higher rates of alterations were TP53 (73.3% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.2635); CDH1 (26.7% vs. 28.6%, P = 1); CDKN2A (20.0% vs. 28.6%, P = 1); KRAS (33.3% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.1686); ARID1A (20.0% vs. 14.3%, P = 1); MLL2 (13.3% vs. 21.4%, P = 1) and SOX9 (33.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0421) in LSES versus HMSES, respectively. There was no significant difference in tumor mutational burden (P = 0.377) or microsatellite status (P = 1). The LSES group had a higher need for targeted therapy or immunotherapy according to gene involvement and alterations. A significant genomic difference exists among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma of different socioeconomic status, which may result in a different need for targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jhajaira M Araujo
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Auna Ideas, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, 15036, Lima, Peru
| | - Alejandro Alfaro
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru
| | - Williams Fajardo
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Saravia
- Servicio de Emergencia, Hospital Regional de Ica, Ica, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Filial Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Lidia Quispe
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Regional de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Gina Velazque
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Regional de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | - Junior Carbajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru
| | - María J López
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru
| | - Sergio Jimenez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matematicas, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Alejandra Zevallos
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Paula Medina-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Auna Ideas, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, 15036, Lima, Peru
| | - Melanie Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Auna Ideas, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, 15036, Lima, Peru
| | - María Requena
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Auna Ideas, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, 15036, Lima, Peru
| | - Alfredo Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Auna Ideas, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, 15036, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph A Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Básica y Traslacional, Auna Ideas, Av. Guardia Civil 571, San Borja, 15036, Lima, Peru.
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4
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Yasuda T, Wang YA. Gastric cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment heterogeneity: implications for therapy development. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:627-642. [PMID: 38600020 PMCID: PMC11292672 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized solid tumor treatment, durable responses in gastric cancer (GC) remain limited. The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates immune evasion, contributing to resistance to conventional and immune therapies. Recent studies have highlighted how specific TME components in GC acquire immune escape capabilities through cancer-specific factors. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and targeting the immunosuppressive TME will enhance immunotherapy efficacy and patient outcomes. This review summarizes recent advances in GC TME research and explores the role of the immune-suppressive system as a context-specific determinant. We also provide insights into potential treatments beyond checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahito Yasuda
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Liu M, Xia Q, Wu X, Jin S, Xie Y, Yan R, Jin Y, Wang Z. Anti-Colon Cancer Activity of Copper-Doped Folate Carbon Dots/MnO 2 Complexes Based on Oxygenation and Immune-Enhancing Effects. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:826-842. [PMID: 38722674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In clinical practice, the treatment of colon cancer is faced with the dilemma of metastasis and recurrence, which is related to immunosuppression and hypoxia. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is a negative regulatory pathway of immunity. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an important immunotherapy method. However, inadequate immunogenicity reduces the overall response rate of ICB. In this study, a tumor microenvironment-responsive nanomedicine (Cu-FACD@MnO2@FA) was prepared to increase host immune response and increase intracellular oxygen levels. Cu-FACD@MnO2@FA preferentially enriched at the tumor site, combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor alpha PD-L1, induced sufficient immunogenicity to treat colon cancer. Immunofluorescence detection of tumor cells and tissues showed that the expression of hypoxa-inducing factor 1α was significantly down-regulated after treatment and the expression of immunoactivity-related proteins was significantly changed. In vivo treatment in a bilateral tumor mouse model showed complete ablation of the primary tumor and efficient inhibition of the distal tumor. In this study, for the first time, the oxygenation effects of MnO2-coated Cu-doped carbon dots and chemodynamic therapy and a strategy of combining with immuno-blocking therapy were used for treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Siran Jin
- Harbin No. 3 School, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Yutian Xie
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingxue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
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6
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Jing ZQ, Luo ZQ, Chen SR, Sun ZJ. Heterogeneity of myeloid cells in common cancers: Single cell insights and targeting strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112253. [PMID: 38735257 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME), is characterized by a complex and heterogenous composition involving a substantial population of immune cells. Myeloid cells comprising over half of the solid tumor mass, are undoubtedly one of the most prominent cell populations associated with tumors. Studies have unambiguously established that myeloid cells play a key role in tumor development, including immune suppression, pro-inflammation, promote tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, for example, tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor progression in a variety of common tumors, including lung cancer, through direct or indirect interactions with the TME. However, due to previous technological constraints, research on myeloid cells often tended to be conducted as studies with low throughput and limited resolution. For example, the conventional categorization of macrophages into M1-like and M2-like subsets based solely on their anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles has disregarded their continuum of states, resulting in an inadequate analysis of the high heterogeneity characterizing myeloid cells. The widespread adoption of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in tumor immunology has propelled researchers into a new realm of understanding, leading to the establishment of novel subsets and targets. In this review, the origin of myeloid cells in high-incidence cancers, the functions of myeloid cell subsets examined through traditional and single-cell perspectives, as well as specific targeting strategies, are comprehensively outlined. As a result of this endeavor, we will gain a better understanding of myeloid cell heterogeneity, as well as contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Si-Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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7
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Lv CX, Zhou LP, Yang YB, Shi J, Dong FH, Wei HR, Shan YQ. The relationship between innate/adaptive immunity and gastrointestinal cancer : a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38877387 PMCID: PMC11177483 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate/adaptive immunity is the key to anti-tumor therapy. However, its causal relationship to Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains unclear. METHODS Immunity genes were extracted from the MSigDB database. The Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data of GI cancer were integrated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) associated with genes. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and co-localization analysis were used to reveal causal relationships between genes and GI cancer. Two-sample MR analysis was used for sensitivity analysis. Single cell analysis clarified the enrichment of genes. RESULTS Three-step SMR analysis showed that a putative mechanism, cg17294865 CpG site regulating HLA-DRA expression was negatively associated with gastric cancer risk. HLA-DRA was significantly differentially expressed in monocyte/macrophage and myeloid cells in gastric cancer. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that upregulating the expression level of HLA-DRA can reduce the risk of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Lv
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Lin-Po Zhou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Ye-Bing Yang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Jing Shi
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Fan-He Dong
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Hao-Ran Wei
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Shan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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Wen W, Ertas YN, Erdem A, Zhang Y. Dysregulation of autophagy in gastric carcinoma: Pathways to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216857. [PMID: 38583648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The considerable death rates and lack of symptoms in early stages of gastric cancer (GC) make it a major health problem worldwide. One of the most prominent risk factors is infection with Helicobacter pylori. Many biological processes, including those linked with cell death, are disrupted in GC. The cellular "self-digestion" mechanism necessary for regular balance maintenance, autophagy, is at the center of this disturbance. Misregulation of autophagy, however, plays a role in the development of GC. In this review, we will examine how autophagy interacts with other cell death processes, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis, and how it affects the progression of GC. In addition to wonderful its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, it is engaged in GC metastasis. The role of autophagy in GC in promoting drug resistance stands out. There is growing interest in modulating autophagy for GC treatment, with research focusing on natural compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and nanoparticles. These approaches could lead to breakthroughs in GC therapy, offering new hope in the fight against this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, 41001 Turkey.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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9
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Ebrahimi B, Viswanadhapalli S, Pratap UP, Rahul G, Yang X, Pitta Venkata P, Drel V, Santhamma B, Konda S, Li X, Sanchez ALR, Yan H, Sareddy GR, Xu Z, Singh BB, Valente PT, Chen Y, Lai Z, Rao M, Kost ER, Curiel T, Tekmal RR, Nair HB, Vadlamudi RK. Pharmacological inhibition of the LIF/LIFR autocrine loop reveals vulnerability of ovarian cancer cells to ferroptosis. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:118. [PMID: 38789520 PMCID: PMC11126619 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Of all gynecologic cancers, epithelial-ovarian cancer (OCa) stands out with the highest mortality rates. Despite all efforts, 90% of individuals who receive standard surgical and cytotoxic therapy experience disease recurrence. The precise mechanism by which leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its receptor (LIFR) contribute to the progression of OCa remains unknown. Analysis of cancer databases revealed that elevated expression of LIF or LIFR was associated with poor progression-free survival of OCa patients and a predictor of poor response to chemotherapy. Using multiple primary and established OCa cell lines or tissues that represent five subtypes of epithelial-OCa, we demonstrated that LIF/LIFR autocrine signaling is active in OCa. Moreover, treatment with LIFR inhibitor, EC359 significantly reduced OCa cell viability and cell survival with an IC50 ranging from 5-50 nM. Furthermore, EC359 diminished the stemness of OCa cells. Mechanistic studies using RNA-seq and rescue experiments unveiled that EC359 primarily induced ferroptosis by suppressing the glutathione antioxidant defense system. Using multiple in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models including cell-based xenografts, patient-derived explants, organoids, and xenograft tumors, we demonstrated that EC359 dramatically reduced the growth and progression of OCa. Additionally, EC359 therapy considerably improved tumor immunogenicity by robust CD45+ leukocyte tumor infiltration and polarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward M1 phenotype while showing no impact on normal T-, B-, and other immune cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that the LIF/LIFR autocrine loop plays an essential role in OCa progression and that EC359 could be a promising therapeutic agent for OCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ebrahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gopalam Rahul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Viktor Drel
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Hui Yan
- Department of microbiology and immunology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of microbiology and immunology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Brij B Singh
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Philip T Valente
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Manjeet Rao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Edward R Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Tyler Curiel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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10
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An M, Mehta A, Min BH, Heo YJ, Wright SJ, Parikh M, Bi L, Lee H, Kim TJ, Lee SY, Moon J, Park RJ, Strickland MR, Park WY, Kang WK, Kim KM, Kim ST, Klempner SJ, Lee J. Early Immune Remodeling Steers Clinical Response to First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:766-785. [PMID: 38319303 PMCID: PMC11061611 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Adding anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/platinum improves survival in some advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA). To understand the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, we conducted a phase II first-line trial (n = 47) sequentially adding pembrolizumab to 5-FU/platinum in advanced GEA. Using serial biopsy of the primary tumor at baseline, after one cycle of 5-FU/platinum, and after the addition of pembrolizumab, we transcriptionally profiled 358,067 single cells to identify evolving multicellular tumor microenvironment (TME) networks. Chemotherapy induced early on-treatment multicellular hubs with tumor-reactive T-cell and M1-like macrophage interactions in slow progressors. Faster progression featured increased MUC5A and MSLN containing treatment resistance programs in tumor cells and M2-like macrophages with immunosuppressive stromal interactions. After pembrolizumab, we observed increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and development of an immunity hub involving tumor-reactive CXCL13 T-cell program and epithelial interferon-stimulated gene programs. Strategies to drive increases in antitumor immune hub formation could expand the portion of patients benefiting from anti-PD-1 approaches. SIGNIFICANCE The benefit of 5-FU/platinum with anti-PD-1 in first-line advanced gastric cancer is limited to patient subgroups. Using a trial with sequential anti-PD-1, we show coordinated induction of multicellular TME hubs informs the ability of anti-PD-1 to potentiate T cell-driven responses. Differential TME hub development highlights features that underlie clinical outcomes. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minae An
- Experimental Therapeutics Development Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arnav Mehta
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Byung Hoon Min
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Samuel J. Wright
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Milan Parikh
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynn Bi
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Moon
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan J. Park
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Pan F, Pan R, Hu R, Zhang H, Lei S, Zhang L, Zhou C, Zeng Z, Tian X, Xie Q. Analysis of the effects of M2 macrophage-derived PDE4C on the prognosis, metastasis and immunotherapy benefit of osteosarcoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18395. [PMID: 38774995 PMCID: PMC11109666 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), encompassing M1 and M2 subtypes, exert significant effects on osteosarcoma (OS) progression and immunosuppression. However, the impacts of TAM-derived biomarkers on the progression of OS remains limited. The GSE162454 profile was subjected to single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing analysis to identify crucial mediators between TAMs and OS cells. The clinical features, effects and mechanisms of these mediators on OS cells and tumour microenvironment were evaluated via biological function experiments and molecular biology experiments. Phosphodiesterase 4C (PDE4C) was identified as a pivotal mediator in the communication between M2 macrophages and OS cells. Elevated levels of PDE4C were detected in OS tissues, concomitant with M2 macrophage level, unfavourable prognosis and metastasis. The expression of PDE4C was observed to increase during the conversion process of THP-1 cells to M2 macrophages, which transferred the PDE4C mRNA to OS cells through exosome approach. PDE4C increased OS cell proliferation and mobility via upregulating the expression of collagens. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between elevated levels of PDE4C and increased TIDE score, decreased response rate following immune checkpoint therapy, reduced TMB and diminished PDL1 expression. Collectively, PDE4C derived from M2 macrophages has the potential to enhance the proliferation and mobility of OS cells by augmenting collagen expression. PDE4C may serve as a valuable biomarker for prognosticating patient outcomes and response rates following immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- College of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Department of Bone and Joint SurgeryBeijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Runsang Pan
- School of Basic MedicineGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Rui Hu
- The 4th Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second People's Hospital of JingmenJingmenChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Clinical MedicineGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Shan Lei
- School of Basic MedicineGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Clinical MedicineGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Changhua Zhou
- College of Clinical MedicineGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- School of Basic MedicineGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Postdoctoral WorkstationAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- School of Basic MedicineGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Quan Xie
- College of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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12
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Zhao J, Li X, Li L, Chen B, Xu W, He Y, Chen X. Identification of neutrophil extracellular trap-driven gastric cancer heterogeneity and C5AR1 as a therapeutic target. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:538-550. [PMID: 38425243 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in gastric cancer (GC) growth, metastatic dissemination, cancer-associated thrombosis, etc. This work is conducted to elucidate the heterogeneity of NETs in GC. The transcriptome heterogeneity of NETs is investigated in TCGA-STAD via a consensus clustering algorithm, with subsequent external verification in the GSE88433 and GSE88437 cohorts. Clinical and molecular traits, the immune microenvironment, and drug response are characterized in the identified NET-based clusters. Based upon the feature genes of NETs, a classifier is built for estimating NET-based clusters via machine learning. Multiple experiments are utilized to verify the expressions and implications of the feature genes in GC. A novel NET-based classification system is proposed for reflecting the heterogeneity of NETs in GC. Two NET-based clusters have unique and heterogeneous clinical and molecular features, immune microenvironments, and responses to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. A logistic regression model reliably differentiates the NET-based clusters. The feature genes C5AR1, CSF1R, CSF2RB, CYBB, HCK, ITGB2, LILRB2, MNDA, MPEG1, PLEK, SRGN, and STAB1 are proven to be aberrantly expressed in GC cells. Specific knockdown of C5AR1 effectively hinders GC cell growth and elicits intracellular ROS accumulation. In addition, its suppression suppresses the aggressiveness and EMT phenotype of GC cells. In all, NETs are the main contributors to intratumoral heterogeneity and differential drug sensitivity in GC, and C5AR1 has been shown to trigger GC growth and metastatic spread. These findings collectively provide a theoretical basis for the use of anti-NETs in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yunduan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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13
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Liu M, Zhang H, Bao Y, Li G, Yan R, Wu X, Wang Z, Jin Y. Immunogenic Cell Death Induction and Oxygenation by Multifunctional Hollow Silica/Copper-Doped Carbon Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18534-18550. [PMID: 38574189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The metastasis and recurrence of cancer are related to immunosuppression and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. Activating immune activity and improving the hypoxic environment face essential challenges. This paper reports on a multifunctional nanomaterial, HSCCMBC, that induces immunogenic cell death through powerful photodynamic therapy/chemodynamic therapy synergistic antitumor effects. The tumor microenvironment changed from the immunosuppressive type to immune type, activated the immune activity of the system, decomposed hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen based on Fenton-like reaction, and effectively increased the level of intracellular O2 with the assistance of 3-bromopyruvate, a cell respiratory inhibitor. The structure and composition of HSCCMBC were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, etc. Oxygen probe RDPP was used to investigate the oxygen level inside and outside the cell, and hydroxyl radical probe tetramethylbenzidine was used to investigate the Fenton-like reaction ability. The immunofluorescence method investigated the expression of various immune markers and hypoxia-inducing factors in vitro and in vivo after treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that HSCCMBC is an excellent antitumor agent and is expected to be a candidate drug for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- College of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157009, China
| | - Yujun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Guanghao Li
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingxue Jin
- Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
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14
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Sun M, Luo X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Hu D, Zhang J, Wu Z, Chen X, Zhang B, Xu X, Wang S, Xu S, Huang W, Xia L. SOX on tumors, a comfort or a constraint? Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38331879 PMCID: PMC10853543 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) family, composed of 20 transcription factors, is a conserved family with a highly homologous HMG domain. Due to their crucial role in determining cell fate, the dysregulation of SOX family members is closely associated with tumorigenesis, including tumor invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and drug resistance. Despite considerable research to investigate the mechanisms and functions of the SOX family, confusion remains regarding aspects such as the role of the SOX family in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and contradictory impacts the SOX family exerts on tumors. This review summarizes the physiological function of the SOX family and their multiple roles in tumors, with a focus on the relationship between the SOX family and TIME, aiming to propose their potential role in cancer and promising methods for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhangfan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake university school of medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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15
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Barbosa S, Laureano NK, Hadiwikarta WW, Visioli F, Bonrouhi M, Pajdzik K, Conde-Lopez C, Herold-Mende C, Eidt G, Langie R, Lamers ML, Stögbauer F, Hess J, Kurth I, Jou A. The Role of SOX2 and SOX9 in Radioresistance and Tumor Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:439. [PMID: 38275880 PMCID: PMC10814462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits considerable variability in patient outcome. It has been reported that SOX2 plays a role in proliferation, tumor growth, drug resistance, and metastasis in a variety of cancer types. Additionally, SOX9 has been implicated in immune tolerance and treatment failures. SOX2 and SOX9 induce treatment failure by a molecular mechanism that has not yet been elucidated. This study explores the inverse association of SOX2/SOX9 and their distinct expression in tumors, influencing the tumor microenvironment and radiotherapy responses. Through public RNA sequencing data, human biopsy samples, and knockdown cellular models, we explored the effects of inverted SOX2 and SOX9 expression. We found that patients expressing SOX2LowSOX9High showed decreased survival compared to SOX2HighSOX9Low. A survival analysis of patients stratified by radiotherapy and human papillomavirus brings additional clinical relevance. We identified a gene set signature comprising newly discovered candidate genes resulting from inverted SOX2/SOX9 expression. Moreover, the TGF-β pathway emerges as a significant predicted contributor to the overexpression of these candidate genes. In vitro findings reveal that silencing SOX2 enhances tumor radioresistance, while SOX9 silencing enhances radiosensitivity. These discoveries lay the groundwork for further studies on the therapeutic potential of transcription factors in optimizing HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbosa
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalia Koerich Laureano
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Wahyu Wijaya Hadiwikarta
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Mahnaz Bonrouhi
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kinga Pajdzik
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Conde-Lopez
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Eidt
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renan Langie
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-004, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabian Stögbauer
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- Division of Radiooncology/Radiobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Jou
- Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pontifícial Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, RS, Brazil
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16
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Wu J, Lu Z, Zhao H, Lu M, Gao Q, Che N, Wang J, Ma T. The expanding Pandora's toolbox of CD8 +T cell: from transcriptional control to metabolic firing. J Transl Med 2023; 21:905. [PMID: 38082437 PMCID: PMC10714647 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the executor in adaptive immune response, especially in anti-tumor immunity. They are the subset immune cells that are of high plasticity and multifunction. Their development, differentiation, activation and metabolism are delicately regulated by multiple factors. Stimuli from the internal and external environment could remodel CD8+ T cells, and correspondingly they will also make adjustments to the microenvironmental changes. Here we describe the most updated progresses in CD8+ T biology from transcriptional regulation to metabolism mechanisms, and also their interactions with the microenvironment, especially in cancer and immunotherapy. The expanding landscape of CD8+ T cell biology and discovery of potential targets to regulate CD8+ T cells will provide new viewpoints for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zhendong Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
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17
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Dai W, Chen Y, Xue Y, Wan M, Mao C, Zhang K. Progress in the Treatment of Peritoneal Metastatic Cancer and the Application of Therapeutic Nanoagents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4518-4548. [PMID: 37916787 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastatic cancer is a cancer caused by the direct growth of cancer cells from the primary site through the bloodstream, lymph, or peritoneum, which is a difficult part of current clinical treatment. In the abdominal cavity of patients with metastatic peritoneal cancer, there are usually nodules of various sizes and malignant ascites. Among them, nodules of different sizes can obstruct intestinal movement and form intestinal obstruction, while malignant ascites can cause abdominal distension and discomfort, and even cause patients to have difficulty in breathing. The pathology and physiology of peritoneal metastatic cancer are complex and not fully understood. The main hypothesis is "seed" and "soil"; i.e., cells from the primary tumor are shed and implanted in the peritoneal cavity (peritoneal metastasis). In the last two decades, the main treatment modalities used clinically are cytoreductive surgery (CRS), systemic chemotherapy, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and combined treatment, all of which help to improve patient survival and quality of life (QOL). However, the small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs used clinically still have problems such as rapid drug metabolism and systemic toxicity. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years, therapeutic nanoagents for the treatment of peritoneal metastatic cancer have been gradually developed, which has improved the therapeutic effect and reduced the systemic toxicity of small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs to a certain extent. In addition, nanomaterials have been developed not only as therapeutic agents but also as imaging agents to guide peritoneal tumor CRS. In this review, we describe the etiology and pathological features of peritoneal metastatic cancer, discuss in detail the clinical treatments that have been used for peritoneal metastatic cancer, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the different clinical treatments and the QOL of the treated patients, followed by a discussion focusing on the progress, obstacles, and challenges in the use of therapeutic nanoagents in peritoneal metastatic cancer. Finally, therapeutic nanoagents and therapeutic tools that may be used in the future for the treatment of peritoneal metastatic cancer are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Dai
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yidan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yunxin Xue
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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18
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Nitta Y, Fujii T, Uchiyama T, Sugimoto A, Nishikawa T, Takeda M, Miyake M, Shimada K, Fujimoto K. Overexpression of MicroRNA-138 Affects the Proliferation and Invasion of Urothelial Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing SOX9 Expression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3064. [PMID: 38002064 PMCID: PMC10669193 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) is important for sexual differentiation, chondrogenic differentiation, and cell proliferation in cancer. It acts as a target molecule of microRNA (miR)-138 in various tumors and is associated with tumor development and growth. In this study, we analyzed the functions of miR-138 and SOX9 in urothelial carcinoma. SOX9 was highly expressed in invasive urothelial carcinoma tissues. miR-138 precursor transfection of T24 and UMUC2 cells significantly decreased SOX9 expression, indicating that SOX9 is a miR-138 target in urothelial carcinoma. Moreover, miR-138 precursor or SOX9 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection decreased the proliferation of urothelial carcinoma cell lines. To further confirm that miR-138-SOX9 signaling is involved in cell proliferation and invasion, urothelial carcinoma cells were transfected with the miR-138 precursor or SOX9 siRNA. This transfection reduced the proliferation and invasion of cells via the promotion of autophagy and apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that miR-138-SOX9 signaling modulates the growth and invasive potential of urothelial carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nitta
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Aya Sugimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Maiko Takeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara City Hospital, Nara 630-8305, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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19
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Liu Y, Wei D, Deguchi Y, Xu W, Tian R, Liu F, Xu M, Mao F, Li D, Chen W, Valentin LA, Deguchi E, Yao JC, Shureiqi I, Zuo X. PPARδ dysregulation of CCL20/CCR6 axis promotes gastric adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis by remodeling gastric tumor microenvironment. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:904-917. [PMID: 37572185 PMCID: PMC10640489 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01418-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) promotes inflammation and carcinogenesis in many organs, but the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. In stomachs, PPARδ significantly increases chemokine Ccl20 expression in gastric epithelial cells while inducing gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). CCR6 is the sole receptor of CCL20. Here, we examine the role of PPARδ-mediated Ccl20/Ccr6 signaling in GAC carcinogenesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The effects of PPARδ inhibition by its specific antagonist GSK3787 on GAC were examined in the mice with villin-promoter-driven PPARδ overexpression (PpardTG). RNAscope Duplex Assays were used to measure Ccl20 and Ccr6 levels in stomachs and spleens. Subsets of stomach-infiltrating immune cells were measured via flow cytometry or immunostaining in PpardTG mice fed GSK3787 or control diet. A panel of 13 optimized proinflammatory chemokines in mouse sera were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS GSK3787 significantly suppressed GAC carcinogenesis in PpardTG mice. PPARδ increased Ccl20 level to chemoattract Ccr6+ immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells, but decreased CD8+ T cells in gastric tissues. GSK3787 suppressed PPARδ-induced gastric immunosuppression by inhibiting Ccl20/Ccr6 axis. Furthermore, Ccl20 protein levels increased in sera of PpardTG mice starting at the age preceding gastric tumor development and further increased with GAC progression as the mice aged. GSK3787 decreased the PPARδ-upregulated Ccl20 levels in sera of the mice. CONCLUSIONS PPARδ dysregulation of Ccl20/Ccr6 axis promotes GAC carcinogenesis by remodeling gastric tumor microenvironment. CCL20 might be a potential biomarker for the early detection and progression of GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yasunori Deguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lovie Ann Valentin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eriko Deguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James C Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Rogel Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Soler MF, Abaurrea A, Azcoaga P, Araujo AM, Caffarel MM. New perspectives in cancer immunotherapy: targeting IL-6 cytokine family. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007530. [PMID: 37945321 PMCID: PMC10649711 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been recognized as a canonical cancer hallmark. It is orchestrated by cytokines, which are master regulators of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as they represent the main communication bridge between cancer cells, the tumor stroma, and the immune system. Interleukin (IL)-6 represents a keystone cytokine in the link between inflammation and cancer. Many cytokines from the IL-6 family, which includes IL-6, oncostatin M, leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-11, IL-27, IL-31, ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin 1, and cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1, have been shown to elicit tumor-promoting roles by modulating the TME, making them attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.The development of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapies has radically changed the outcome of some cancers including melanoma, lung, and renal, although not without hurdles. However, ICB shows limited efficacy in other solid tumors. Recent reports support that chronic inflammation and IL-6 cytokine signaling are involved in resistance to immunotherapy. This review summarizes the available preclinical and clinical data regarding the implication of IL-6-related cytokines in regulating the immune TME and the response to ICB. Moreover, the potential clinical benefit of combining ICB with therapies targeting IL-6 cytokine members for cancer treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Soler
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Andrea Abaurrea
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Peio Azcoaga
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria M Caffarel
- Biogipuzkoa (previously known as Biodonostia) Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Lewis CR, Dadgar N, Yellin SA, Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD, Bartlett DL, Allen CJ, Wagner PL. Regional Immunotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Gastroesophageal Cancer: Emerging Strategies to Re-Condition a Maladaptive Tumor Environment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5107. [PMID: 37894473 PMCID: PMC10605802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis originating from gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC-PC) occurs in a defined subset of gastric cancer patients with unique clinical, pathologic, molecular and immunologic characteristics that create significant obstacles to effective treatment with modern therapy. Although systemic chemo- and immuno- therapy have yielded disappointing results in GC-PC, recent advances in the characterization of GC-PC and peritoneal immune biology present new opportunities for targeted therapeutics. In this review article, we discuss the distinct properties of GC-PC and the peritoneal immune environment as they pertain to current and investigative treatment strategies. We discuss pre-clinical studies and clinical trials relevant to the modulation of the peritoneal environment as a therapeutic intervention in GC-PC. Finally, we present a road map for future combinatorial strategies based on the conception of the peritoneal cavity as a bioreactor. Within this isolated compartment, prevailing immunosuppressive conditions can be altered through regional interventions toward an adaptive phenotype that would support the effectiveness of regionally delivered cellular therapy products. It is hoped that novel combination strategies would promote efficacy not only in the sequestered peritoneal environment, but also via migration into the circulation of tumor-reactive lymphocytes to produce durable systemic disease control, thereby improving oncologic outcome and quality of life in patients with GC-PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R. Lewis
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.R.L.); (A.D.D.); (D.L.B.); (C.J.A.)
| | - Neda Dadgar
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Samuel A. Yellin
- Department of Surgery, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA 18101, USA;
| | - Vera S. Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Hillman Cancer Centers, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.R.L.); (A.D.D.); (D.L.B.); (C.J.A.)
| | - David L. Bartlett
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.R.L.); (A.D.D.); (D.L.B.); (C.J.A.)
| | - Casey J. Allen
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.R.L.); (A.D.D.); (D.L.B.); (C.J.A.)
| | - Patrick L. Wagner
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.R.L.); (A.D.D.); (D.L.B.); (C.J.A.)
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22
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Mao D, Zhou Z, Chen H, Liu X, Li D, Chen X, He Y, Liu M, Zhang C. Pleckstrin-2 promotes tumour immune escape from NK cells by activating the MT1-MMP-MICA signalling axis in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 572:216351. [PMID: 37591356 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune escape is a major challenge in tumour immunotherapy. Pleckstrin-2(PLEK2) plays a critical role in tumour progression, but its role in immune escape in gastric cancer (GC) remains uncharacterized. RNA sequencing was used to explore the differentially expressed genes in a GC cell line that was resistant to the antitumor effect of Natural killer (NK) cells. Apoptosis and the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). PLEK2 expression was examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). PLEK2 was upregulated in MGC803R cells that were resistant to the antitumor effect of NK cells. PLEK2 knockout increased the sensitivity of GC cells to NK cell killing. PLEK2 expression was negatively correlated with MICA and positively correlated with MT1-MMP expression both in vitro and in vivo. PLEK2 promoted Sp1 phosphorylation through the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby upregulating MT1-MMP expression, which ultimately led to MICA shedding. In mouse xenograft models, PLEK2 knockout inhibited intraperitoneal metastasis of GC cells and promoted NK cell infiltration. In summary, PLEK2 suppressed NK cell immune surveillance by promoting MICA shedding, which serves as a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Mao
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States
| | - Hengxing Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiancong Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Chen W, He Q, Liu J, Li N, Xiao K, Chen H. PLAGL2 promotes Snail expression and gastric cancer progression via UCA1/miR-145-5p/YTHDF1 axis. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:328-340. [PMID: 36999803 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although great progress has made in gastric cancer (GC) in the past years, the overall 5-year survival rate remains to be low for advanced GC patients. A recent study showed that PLAGL2 was increased in GC and enhanced the proliferation and metastasis of GC. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism still needs to be investigated. METHODS Gene and protein expressions were assessed using RT-qPCR and western blot. The migration, proliferation and invasion of GC cells were examined using scratch assay, CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. ChIP-PCR, dual-luciferase assay, RIP-qPCR and CoiP were utilized to confirm the interaction among PLAGL2, UCA1, miR-145-5p and YTHDF1 as well as METTL3, YTHDF1 and eEF-2. A mouse xenograft model was used utilized to further confirm the regulatory network. RESULTS PLAGL2 bound to the upstream promoter of UCA1, which regulated YTHDF1 by sponging miR-145-5p. METTL3 can mediate the m6A modification level of Snail. YTHDF1 recognized m6A-modified Snail by interacting with eEF-2 and thus promoted Snail expression, which eventually induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC cells and metastasis of GC. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates that PLAGL2 enhances Snail expression and GC progression via the UCA1/miR-145-5p/YTHDF1 axis, suggesting that PLAGL2 may become a therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qunjun He
- Department of Quality Management and Information Statistics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Honghui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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24
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen N, Li H, Chen S, Cui X, Shao H, Wei L, Ma J, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang X. Pertussis toxin-induced inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dendritic cells promotes an autoimmune response in experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:24. [PMID: 36739434 PMCID: PMC9898909 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports have indicated that disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) may affect the progression of autoimmune inflammation; however, the factors and timing that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling have not been clearly understood. METHODS Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) patient samples were used to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes. Western blot, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA were performed to examine the expression of components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and inflammatory factors. DC-specific β-catenin knockout mice and 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) administered mice were used to observe the effect of disrupting the Wnt pathway on EAU pathogenesis. RESULTS Wnt/β-catenin signaling was inhibited in DCs during the induction phase of EAU. The inhibition was mediated by pertussis toxin (PTX), which promoted DC maturation, in turn promoting pathogenic T cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo experiments confirmed that deleting β-catenin in DCs enhanced EAU severity, and pre-injection of PTX advanced EAU onset. Administration of a Wnt activator (BIO) limited the effects of PTX, in turn ameliorating EAU. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PTX plays a key role as a virulence factor in initiating autoimmune inflammation via DCs by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in EAU, and highlight the potential mechanism by which infection can trigger apparent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nu Chen
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexue Cui
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- grid.266623.50000 0001 2113 1622Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Lai Wei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Song Zhang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032Institute for Immunology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- grid.412729.b0000 0004 1798 646XTianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang J, Chang CY, Yang X, Zhou F, Liu J, Feng Z, Hu W. Leukemia inhibitory factor, a double-edged sword with therapeutic implications in human diseases. Mol Ther 2023; 31:331-343. [PMID: 36575793 PMCID: PMC9931620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily. LIF was initially discovered as a factor to induce the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells and thus inhibit their proliferation. Subsequent studies have highlighted the multi-functions of LIF under a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions in a highly cell-, tissue-, and context-dependent manner. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that LIF plays an essential role in the stem cell niche, where it maintains the homeostasis and regeneration of multiple somatic tissues, including intestine, neuron, and muscle. Further, LIF exerts a crucial regulatory role in immunity and functions as a protective factor against many immunopathological diseases, such as infection, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and graft-verse-host disease (GVHD). It is worth noting that while LIF displays a tumor-suppressive function in leukemia, recent studies have highlighted the oncogenic role of LIF in many types of solid tumors, further demonstrating the complexities and context-dependent effects of LIF. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into the roles and mechanisms of LIF in stem cell homeostasis and regeneration, immunity, and cancer, and discuss the potential therapeutic options for human diseases by modulating LIF levels and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Chang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Fan Zhou
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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Liu S, Yang L, Fu J, Li T, Zhou B, Wang K, Wei C, Fu J. Comprehensive analysis, immune, and cordycepin regulation for SOX9 expression in pan-cancers and the matched healthy tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149986. [PMID: 37020558 PMCID: PMC10067558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) (OMIM 608160) is a transcription factor. The expression of SOX9 in pan-cancers and the regulation by small molecules in cancer cell lines are unclear. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of SOX9 in normal tissues, tumor tissues and their matched healthy tissues in pan-cancers. The study examined the correlation between immunomodulators and immune cell infiltrations in normal and tumor tissues. Cordycepin (CD), an adenosine analog for SOX9 expression regulation, was also conducted on cancer cells. The results found that SOX9 protein is expressed in a variety of organs, including high expression in 13 organs and no expression in only two organs; in 44 tissues, there was high expression in 31 tissues, medium expression in four tissues, low expression in two tissues, and no expression in the other seven tissues. In pan-cancers with 33 cancer types, SOX9 expression was significantly increased in fifteen cancers, including CESC, COAD, ESCA, GBM, KIRP, LGG, LIHC, LUSC, OV, PAAD, READ, STAD, THYM, UCES, and UCS, but significantly decreased in only two cancers (SKCM and TGCT) compared with the matched healthy tissues. It suggests that SOX9 expression is upregulated in the most cancer types (15/33) as a proto-oncogene. The fact that the decrease of SOX9 expression in SKCM and the increase of SOX9 in the cell lines of melanoma inhibit tumorigenicity in both mouse and human ex vivo models demonstrates that SOX9 could also be a tumor suppressor. Further analyzing the prognostic values for SOX9 expression in cancer individuals revealed that OS is long in ACC and short in LGG, CESC, and THYM, suggesting that high SOX9 expression is positively correlated with the worst OS in LGG, CESC, and THYM, which could be used as a prognostic maker. In addition, CD inhibited both protein and mRNA expressions of SOX9 in a dose-dependent manner in 22RV1, PC3, and H1975 cells, indicating CD's anticancer roles likely via SOX9 inhibition. Moreover, SOX9 might play an important role in tumor genesis and development by participating in immune infiltration. Altogether, SOX9 could be a biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics for pan-cancers and an emerging target for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baixu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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