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Meng L, Jiang Y, You J, Zhao P, Liu W, Zhao N, Yu Z, Ma J. IRF4 as a novel target involved in malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2775. [PMID: 36797470 PMCID: PMC9935854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the context of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has a high incidence owing to undefined pathogenesis. Identifying key genes and exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the conversion of OSF into OSCC are in urgent need. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OSCC and OSF were dug from GEO databases and a total of 170 DEGs were acquired. Functional association of DEGs were analyzed by GO and KEGG. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis was carried out and candidate biomarkers were identified by Gene co-expression analysis and Cox analyses. Hub genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR in tissues and cell lines, of which we found that IRF4 mRNA was successively up-regulated from Normal to OSF and then to OSCC and associated with immune infiltrating levels. In addition, Immunohistochemical (IHC) and Immunofluorescence (IF) assays were conducted to validate the consistent upregulation of IRF4 and the oncogene role of IRF4 in OSF and OSCC at translation level. IRF4 may be indicative biomarker in transformation of OSF into OSCC. High IRF4 expression contribute to increased immune infiltration of OSCC and may provide a novel diagnostic marker for OSCC patients translated from OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Meng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yucheng Jiang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Jiawen You
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Weiguang Liu
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Na Zhao
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhichun Yu
- Green Hope High School, Cary, NC 27519 USA
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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2
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Kavitha L, Ranganathan K, Shyam S, Fathima JHS, Umesh W, Warnakulasuriya S. Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Oral Submucous Fibrosis - A Scoping Review. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:594-602. [PMID: 35102645 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This scoping review was done to study the immunohistochemical biomarkers involved in pathogenesis and malignant transformation (MT) of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), in literature published from 2010 to 2021. METHOD The protocol was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual (2017, and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTS Eighty-six studies included in this review reported 84 immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers in OSF: 9 epithelial markers, 29 connective tissue markers, 22 proliferative markers, and 24 other biomarkers that are transcription factors, cancer stem cell markers, cell signaling markers, proteins, and enzymes. The commonly reported IHC biomarkers were alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin (7 articles each) followed by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 (6 articles each), p53, p63 and Ki67 (5 articles each). α-SMA, Ki67, CD105, and hTERT were significantly increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in a background of OSF (OSCC-OSF) compared to OSF and normal subjects. CONCLUSION The identified surrogate IHC biomarkers reported in OSF in this scoping review require validation with long-term prospective studies to facilitate early diagnosis, for use in risk assessment, and plan appropriate treatment for OSF in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Kavitha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, ECR, Uthandi, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.,Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr, MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Ranganathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, ECR, Uthandi, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.,Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr, MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasamy Shyam
- Faculty of Dentistry - Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Alapakkam Main Rd, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600095, India
| | - Jaffer Hussain Shazia Fathima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, ECR, Uthandi, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.,Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr, MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wadgave Umesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585102, India
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, United Kingdom
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Dutta D, Rahman S, Bhattacharje G, Bag S, Sing BC, Chatterjee J, Basak A, Das AK. Label-Free Method Development for Hydroxyproline PTM Mapping in Human Plasma Proteome. Protein J 2021; 40:741-755. [PMID: 33840009 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) impart structural heterogeneities that can alter plasma proteins' functions in various pathophysiological processes. However, the identification and mapping of PTMs in untargeted plasma proteomics is still a challenge due to the presence of diverse components in blood. Here, we report a label-free method for identifying and mapping hydroxylated proteins using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the human plasma sample. Our untargeted proteomics approach led us to identify 676 de novo sequenced peptides in human plasma that correspond to 201 proteins, out of which 11 plasma proteins were found to be hydroxylated. Among these hydroxylated proteins, Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) heavy chain was found to be modified at residue 285 (Pro285 to Hyp285), which was further validated by MS/MS study. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis demonstrated that this proline hydroxylation in IgA1 caused both local and global structural changes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the protein profile containing Hyp PTMs in human plasma and shows the future perspective of identifying and discriminating Hyp PTM in the normal and the diseased proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.,Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Gourab Bhattacharje
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Sing
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Amit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.,School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India. .,School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Chaudhary A, Bag S, Arora N, Radhakrishnan VS, Mishra D, Mukherjee G. Hypoxic Transformation of Immune Cell Metabolism Within the Microenvironment of Oral Cancers. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2020; 1:585710. [PMID: 35047983 PMCID: PMC8757756 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2020.585710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) includes tumors of the lips, tongue, gingivobuccal complex, and floor of the mouth. Prognosis for OSCC is highly heterogeneous, with overall 5-year survival of ~50%, but median survival of just 8-10 months for patients with locoregional recurrence or metastatic disease. A key feature of OSCC is microenvironmental oxygen depletion due to rapid growth of constituent tumor cells, which triggers hypoxia-associated signaling events and metabolic adaptations that influence subsequent tumor progression. Better understanding of leukocyte responses to tissue hypoxia and onco-metabolite expression under low-oxygen conditions will therefore be essential to develop more effective methods of diagnosing and treating patients with OSCC. This review assesses recent literature on metabolic reprogramming, redox homeostasis, and associated signaling pathways that mediate crosstalk of OSCC with immune cells in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The likely functional consequences of this metabolic interface between oxygen-starved OSCC and infiltrating leukocytes are also discussed. The hypoxic microenvironment of OSCC modifies redox signaling and alters the metabolic profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Improved understanding of heterotypic interactions between host leukocytes, tumor cells, and hypoxia-induced onco-metabolites will inform the development of novel theranostic strategies for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chaudhary
- Department of Histopathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Department of Histopathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Neeraj Arora
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Molecular Genetics, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Deepak Mishra
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Molecular Genetics, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
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Shen YW, Shih YH, Fuh LJ, Shieh TM. Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review on Biomarkers, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197231. [PMID: 33008091 PMCID: PMC7582467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a collagen deposition disorder that affects a patient’s oral function and quality of life. It may also potentially transform into malignancy. This review summarizes the risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments of OSF based on clinical and bio-molecular evidence. Betel nut chewing is a major risk factor that causes OSF in Asia. However, no direct evidence of arecoline-induced carcinogenesis has been found in animal models. Despite identification of numerous biomarkers of OSF lesions and conducting trials with different drug combinations, clinicians still adopt conservative treatments that primarily focus on relieving the symptoms of OSF. Treatments focus on reducing inflammation and improving mouth opening to improve a patient’s quality of life. In conclusion, high-quality clinical studies are needed to aid clinicians in developing and applying molecular biomarkers as well as standard treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Shen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-J.F.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 2312) (L.-J.F.); +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 7707) (T.-M.S.)
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-J.F.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 2312) (L.-J.F.); +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 7707) (T.-M.S.)
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Dutta D, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee IA, Maiti TK, Basak A, Das AK. Staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins interact with human MAP kinase signaling protein ERK2. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:266-277. [PMID: 31468523 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the intracellular binding partner of a unique class of staphylococcal secreted exotoxins called superantigen-like proteins (SSL) from human macrophage and keratinocyte cell lysates. Here, we report that SSL1 specifically binds to human extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (hERK2), an important stress-activated kinase in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Western blot and in vitro binding studies with recombinant hERK2 confirmed the binding interaction of SSL1, SSL7, and SSL10 with hERK2. Moreover, the SSLs-hERK2 interaction was validated biochemically by ELISA. Our finding shows that SSLs play a novel role by binding with host cell MAP kinase signaling pathway protein. Understanding the SSL-hERK2 interaction will also provide a basis for designing SSL-based peptide inhibitors of hERK2 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.,Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Devdeep Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Amit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.,School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.,School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
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Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review on Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122940. [PMID: 31208114 PMCID: PMC6627879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is characterized by abnormal collagen deposition. It is a precancerous disorder and transforms into a malignant tumor in 1.5–15% of all cases. Symptoms include submucous fibrosis, ulceration, xerostomia, a burning sensation, and restricted mouth opening. All of these greatly interfere with patient quality of life. The present review introduces OSF from a molecular perspective and summarizes what is known about its underlying mechanisms, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic interventions. In addition to the aggressive treatment of OSF, its prevention is also important. Future research should, therefore, focus on improving the oral health literacy of the patients susceptible to OSF.
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8
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Maity PP, Dutta D, Ganguly S, Kapat K, Dixit K, Chowdhury AR, Samanta R, Das NC, Datta P, Das AK, Dhara S. Isolation and mass spectrometry based hydroxyproline mapping of type II collagen derived from Capra hircus ear cartilage. Commun Biol 2019; 2:146. [PMID: 31044171 PMCID: PMC6488623 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen II (COLII), the most abundant protein in vertebrates, helps maintain the structural and functional integrity of cartilage. Delivery of COLII from animal sources could improve cartilage regeneration therapies. Here we show that COLII can be purified from the Capra ear cartilage, a commonly available bio-waste product, with a high yield. MALDI-MS/MS analysis evidenced post-translational modifications of the signature triplet, Glycine-Proline-Hydroxyproline (G-P-Hyp), in alpha chain of isolated COLII (COLIIA1). Additionally, thirty-two peptides containing 59 Hyp residues and a few G-X-Y triplets with positional alterations of Hyp in COLIIA1 are also identified. Furthermore, we show that an injectable hydrogel formulation containing the isolated COLII facilitates chondrogenic differentiation towards cartilage regeneration. These findings show that COLII can be isolated from Capra ear cartilage and that positional alteration of Hyp in its structural motif, as detected by newly developed mass spectrometric method, might be an early marker of cartilage disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Prasanna Maity
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103 India
| | - Debabrata Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Sayan Ganguly
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Kausik Kapat
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Krishna Dixit
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Amit Roy Chowdhury
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103 India
| | - Ramapati Samanta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Narayan Chandra Das
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103 India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302 India
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