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Gown AM. Commentary on "Application of Photoshop-based Image Analysis to Quantification of Hormone Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer". J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:767-768. [PMID: 36546603 PMCID: PMC9903209 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221145227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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2
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Mellouli M, Graja S, Kridis WB, Ayed HB, Makni S, Triki M, Charfi S, Khanfir A, Boudawara TS, Kallel R. Discordance in receptor status between primary and metastatic breast cancer and overall survival: A single-center analysis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 61:152044. [PMID: 36099874 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor phenotype may change between primary and metastatic breast cancer. We compared the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 in a series of primary breast carcinomas (PBC) with their metastatic relapses and analyzed the impact of any changes on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a single-center retrospective study, collecting consecutive cases of metastatic breast carcinoma diagnosed in the pathology and medical oncology departments at Habib Bourguiba University Hospital in Sfax, Tunisia. An immunohistochemical study was used to assess ER, PR, and HER2 expression. Overall survival (OS) and post-metastasis survival (PMS) were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Our study included 68 patients. ER and PR status changed in 29.4 % and 39.7 % of cases, respectively. Conversions were mainly from positive to negative status (22 % and 23.5 % for ER and PR, respectively). Differences in HER2 status were observed in 19.6 % of cases, with loss of overexpression in 6 patients (10.7 %). Adjuvant trastuzumab therapy and PBC molecular subtype (HR-, HER2+) were associated with HER2 status discordance (p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). On multivariable analysis, HR-negative conversion tumors were significantly associated with a worse OS (p = 0.042) and PMS (p < 0.001), compared to HR-concordant positive tumors. CONCLUSION This study establishes that HR and HER2 status discordance between primary and metastatic breast carcinoma has a prognostic impact on patient outcome. Analyzing these receptors' status in all newly diagnosed cases of metastatic breast carcinoma is strongly recommended and would provide information for changing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Mellouli
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory LR18SP10, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Soumaya Graja
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory LR18SP10, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wala Ben Kridis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houda Ben Ayed
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saadia Makni
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory LR18SP10, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Triki
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory LR18SP10, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Charfi
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory LR18SP10, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afef Khanfir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahya Sellami Boudawara
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory LR18SP10, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kallel
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory LR18SP10, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Altunay B, Morgenroth A, Mottaghy FM. Use of Radionuclide-Based Imaging Methods in Breast Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:561-573. [PMID: 35624034 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in women globally and is the primary cause of cancer mortality in females. Thus, early and effective breast cancer diagnosis is crucial for enhancing the survival rate. Current standard diagnostic techniques to assess the hormone receptor status in biopsies include immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in research on noninvasive techniques for molecular imaging of hormone receptors. These methods offer many advantages over conventional imaging, as repeated measurements can be used to capture heterogeneous tumor expression throughout the body, as well as transformations in receptor status during disease progression. Thus, the noninvasive method, as an adjunct to conventional imaging, offers the potential to improve patient selection, optimize dose and schedule, and streamline the assessment of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Altunay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Nwosu IO, Piccolo SR. A systematic review of datasets that can help elucidate relationships among gene expression, race, and immunohistochemistry-defined subtypes in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:417-429. [PMID: 34412551 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1953902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scholarly requirements have led to a massive increase of transcriptomic data in the public domain, with millions of samples available for secondary research. We identified gene-expression datasets representing 10,214 breast-cancer patients in public databases. We focused on datasets that included patient metadata on race and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiling of the ER, PR, and HER-2 proteins. This review provides a summary of these datasets and describes findings from 32 research articles associated with the datasets. These studies have helped to elucidate relationships between IHC, race, and/or treatment options, as well as relationships between IHC status and the breast-cancer intrinsic subtypes. We have also identified broad themes across the analysis methodologies used in these studies, including breast cancer subtyping, deriving predictive biomarkers, identifying differentially expressed genes, and optimizing data processing. Finally, we discuss limitations of prior work and recommend future directions for reusing these datasets in secondary analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen R Piccolo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States
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5
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Zhao W, Sun L, Dong G, Wang X, Jia Y, Tong Z. Receptor conversion impacts outcomes of different molecular subtypes of primary breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211012982. [PMID: 33995598 PMCID: PMC8111518 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211012982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the conversion of clinically used breast cancer biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) between primary tumors and metastatic lesions is well recognized, data on whether receptor conversion has an effect on therapy management and survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer is limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical implications of receptor conversion throughout tumor progression. Methods In total, 2450 patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were analyzed and 426 female patients with available biopsy results from both primary and metastatic sites were included in this study. We investigated the alteration of ER, PR and HER2 during breast cancer progression and evaluated the therapy management and prognostic value of receptor conversion. Results The conversion rates of ER, PR, and HER2 between primary tumors and metastasis were 21.1% (McNemar's test p < 0.001), 33.2% (p < 0.001), and 11.6% (p = 0.868), respectively. Evaluation of ER, PR, and HER2 status in multiple consecutive metastases revealed a change in 19.1% (p > 0.05), 23.5% (p = 0.021), and 9.8% (p > 0.05) of patients, respectively. Adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy/endocrine therapy) was related to hormone receptor conversion (p < 0.05). A statistically significant differential survival associated with hormone receptor (ER/PR) conversion (log-rank p < 0.05) was observed. In the multivariate analysis, ER conversion was an independent influence factor of survival (p < 0.05). Molecular typing conversion in primary and metastatic lesions also had a significant effect on survival (p < 0.05). We found that changing treatment based on the receptor conversion could affect clinical outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings indicated that receptor conversion during breast tumor progression had a significant effect on survival. Most importantly, our findings proved that patients with receptor conversion benefited from a change in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Guolei Dong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, West Huan-Hu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
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6
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Janeva S, Parris TZ, Nasic S, De Lara S, Larsson K, Audisio RA, Olofsson Bagge R, Kovács A. Comparison of breast cancer surrogate subtyping using a closed-system RT-qPCR breast cancer assay and immunohistochemistry on 100 core needle biopsies with matching surgical specimens. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:439. [PMID: 33879115 PMCID: PMC8059293 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Routine clinical management of breast cancer (BC) currently depends on surrogate subtypes according to estrogen- (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor, Ki-67, and HER2-status. However, there has been growing demand for reduced immunohistochemistry (IHC) turnaround times. The Xpert® Breast Cancer STRAT4* Assay (STRAT4)*, a standardized test for ESR1/PGR/MKi67/ERBB2 mRNA biomarker assessment, takes less than 2 hours. Here, we compared the concordance between the STRAT4 and IHC/SISH, thereby evaluating the effect of method choice on surrogate subtype assessment and adjuvant treatment decisions. Methods In total, 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core needle biopsy (CNB) samples and matching surgical specimens for 98 patients with primary invasive BC were evaluated using the STRAT4 assay. The concordance between STRAT4 and IHC was calculated for individual markers for the CNB and surgical specimens. In addition, we investigated whether changes in surrogate BC subtyping based on the STRAT4 results would change adjuvant treatment recommendations. Results The overall percent agreement (OPA) between STRAT4 and IHC/SISH ranged between 76 and 99% for the different biomarkers. Concordance for all four biomarkers in the surgical specimens and CNBs was only 66 and 57%, respectively. In total, 74% of surgical specimens were concordant for subtype, regardless of the method used. IHC- and STRAT4-based subtyping for the surgical specimen were shown to be discordant for 25/98 patients and 18/25 patients would theoretically have been recommended a different adjuvant treatment, primarily receiving more chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Conclusions A comparison of data from IHC/in situ hybridization and STRAT4 demonstrated that subsequent changes in surrogate subtyping for the surgical specimen may theoretically result in more adjuvant treatment given, primarily with chemotherapy and trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Janeva
- Sahlgrenska Breast Center, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Salmir Nasic
- Research and Development Centre, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Shahin De Lara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Larsson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Riccardo A Audisio
- Sahlgrenska Breast Center, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Breast Center, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Grinda T, Joyon N, Lusque A, Lefèvre S, Arnould L, Penault-Llorca F, Macgrogan G, Treilleux I, Vincent-Salomon A, Haudebourg J, Maran-Gonzalez A, Charafe-Jauffret E, Courtinard C, Franchet C, Verriele V, Brain E, Tas P, Blanc-Fournier C, Leroux A, Loussouarn D, Berghian A, Brabencova E, Ghnassia JP, Scoazec JY, Delaloge S, Filleron T, Lacroix-Triki M. Phenotypic discordance between primary and metastatic breast cancer in the large-scale real-life multicenter French ESME cohort. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:41. [PMID: 33863896 PMCID: PMC8052407 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of hormone receptor (HR) for estrogens (ER) and progesterone (PR) and HER2 remains the cornerstone to define the therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients. We aimed to compare phenotypic profiles between matched primary and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the ESME database, a National real-life multicenter cohort of MBC patients. Patients with results available on both primary tumour and metastatic disease within 6 months of MBC diagnosis and before any tumour progression were eligible for the main analysis. Among the 16,703 patients included in the database, 1677 (10.0%) had available biopsy results at MBC diagnosis and on matched primary tumour. The change rate of either HR or HER2 was 27.0%. Global HR status changed (from positive = either ER or PR positive, to negative = both negative; and reverse) in 14.2% of the cases (expression loss in 72.5% and gain in 27.5%). HER2 status changed in 7.8% (amplification loss in 45.2%). The discordance rate appeared similar across different biopsy sites. Metastasis to bone, HER2+ and RH+/HER2- subtypes and previous adjuvant endocrine therapy, but not relapse interval were associated with an HR discordance in multivariable analysis. Loss of HR status was significantly associated with a risk of death (HR adjusted = 1.51, p = 0.002) while gain of HR and HER2 discordance was not. In conclusion, discordance of HR and HER2 expression between primary and metastatic breast cancer cannot be neglected. In addition, HR loss is associated with worse survival. Sampling metastatic sites is essential for treatment adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amélie Lusque
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Agnès Leroux
- Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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8
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Goda AE, Elsisi AE, Sokkar SS, Abdelrazik NM. Enhanced in vivo targeting of estrogen receptor alpha signaling in murine mammary adenocarcinoma by nilotinib/rosuvastatin novel combination. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 404:115185. [PMID: 32771489 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of resistance to endocrine therapy of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer is inevitable, necessitating the introduction of alternative treatment strategies. Therefore, the current study was carried out to investigate the in vivo efficacy and tolerability of nilotinib/rosuvastatin novel combination against ERα-positive breast carcinoma. Results showed that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with nilotinib/rosuvastatin exerted a significant antitumor activity. Mechanistically, the combination treatment efficiently inhibited the in vivo ERα protein expression, whereas ERα mRNA levels were unaffected suggesting a posttranslational regulation. In addition, the combination treatment markedly downregulated the expression of two ERα downstream target genes: C3 and pS2 confirming the inhibition of ERα signaling in vivo. Further, nilotinib/rosuvastatin combination strongly induced apoptosis evidenced by a marked caspase-3 cleavage and downregulation of tumor nitric oxide levels. Moreover, histopathology showed significant declines in mitotic figures and tumor giant cells implying the in vivo capability of the combination treatment to interfere with cancer cell proliferation and persistence. Of note, the combination treatment abrogated nilotinib-induced hypercholesterolemia and did not adversely affect the liver function or body weight. Overall, the present study provided evidences that warrant further assessment of nilotinib/rosuvastatin combination as an alternative therapeutic modality for ERα-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Goda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Alaa E Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Samia S Sokkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Noha M Abdelrazik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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9
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Zilenaite D, Rasmusson A, Augulis R, Besusparis J, Laurinaviciene A, Plancoulaine B, Ostapenko V, Laurinavicius A. Independent Prognostic Value of Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Immune Response Features by Automated Digital Immunohistochemistry Analysis in Early Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:950. [PMID: 32612954 PMCID: PMC7308549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 is used to predict outcome and therapy response in breast cancer patients. The current IHC assessment, visual or digital, is based mostly on global biomarker expression levels in the tissue sample. In our study, we explored the prognostic value of digital image analysis of conventional breast cancer IHC biomarkers supplemented with their intratumoral heterogeneity and tissue immune response indicators. Surgically excised tumor samples from 101 female patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HRBC) were stained for ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, SATB1, CD8, and scanned at 20x. Digital image analysis was performed using the HALO™ platform. Subsequently, hexagonal tiling was used to compute intratumoral heterogeneity indicators for ER, PR and Ki67 expression. Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed three independent predictors of the patient's overall survival: Haralick's texture entropy of PR (HR = 0.19, p = 0.0005), Ki67 Ashman's D bimodality (HR = 3.0, p = 0.01), and CD8+SATB1+ cell density in tumor tissue (HR = 0.32, p = 0.02). Remarkably, the PR and Ki67 intratumoral heterogeneity indicators were prognostically more informative than the rates of their expression. In particular, a distinct non-linear relationship between the rate of PR expression and its intratumoral heterogeneity was observed and revealed a non-linear prognostic effect of PR expression. The independent prognostic significance of CD8+SATB1+ cells infiltrating the tumor could indicate their role in anti-tumor immunity. In conclusion, we suggest that prognostic modeling, based entirely on the computational image-based IHC biomarkers, is possible in HRBC patients. The intratumoral heterogeneity and immune response indicators outperformed both conventional breast cancer IHC and clinicopathological variables while markedly increasing the power of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Zilenaite
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Centre of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Allan Rasmusson
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Centre of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renaldas Augulis
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Centre of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Besusparis
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Centre of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aida Laurinaviciene
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Centre of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Benoit Plancoulaine
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,ANTICIPE, Inserm (UMR 1086), Cancer Center F. Baclesse, Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Valerijus Ostapenko
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Laurinavicius
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Centre of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
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10
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Anand S, Harish S, Prashar M, Lohia N, Singh S, Viswanath S. Intrinsic subtyping of breast cancer and its relevance with clinico-pathological features and outcomes in patients from North India: a single center experience. JOURNAL OF DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_77_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Park J, Oh HJ, Han D, Wang JI, Park IA, Ryu HS, Kim Y. Parallel Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry (PRM-MS)-Based Targeted Proteomic Surrogates for Intrinsic Subtypes in Breast Cancer: Comparative Analysis with Immunohistochemical Phenotypes. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:2643-2653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Oh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joseph I. Wang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - In Ae Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul 03080, Korea
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12
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Tian Y, Sun F, Zhong Y, Huang W, Wang G, Liu C, Xiao Y, Wu J, Mu L. Expression and Clinical Significance of POLR1D in Colorectal Cancer. Oncology 2019; 98:138-145. [PMID: 31722331 DOI: 10.1159/000504174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE RNA polymerase I subunit D (POLR1D) is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, but its mechanism in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains ambiguous. Thus, this research aimed to investigate POLR1D's expression and significance in human CRC patients and evaluate its association with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS Matched fresh-frozen cancerous and non-cancerous tissues were collected from 100 patients diagnosed with CRC. Immunohistochemical, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were adopted to validate the correlation between POLR1D expression and clinicopathological parameters in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues (ANTs). RESULTS POLR1D expression in CRC tissues was significantly higher than in the ANTs. χ2 test and Spearman's correlative analysis showed that a high POLR1D expression is significantly associated with clinical stage, Dukes stage, tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, and metastasis (p < 0.05). It is not correlated with gender, age, and tumor location and size (p > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves show that the overall survival (OS) time for the low expression group is remarkably longer than for the high expression group (p < 0.0015). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicate that a high POLR1D expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION The findings of this study strongly indicate that POLR1D plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of CRC. It might be an independent adverse prognostic factor for CRC patients and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for clinical diagnosis in CRC and anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Guowu Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Chaoqing Liu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yujie Xiao
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangdong Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lati Mu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China,
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The Quantitative ER Immunohistochemical Analysis in Breast Cancer: Detecting the 3 + 0, 4 + 0, and 5 + 0 Allred Score Cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080461. [PMID: 31405154 PMCID: PMC6722798 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The currently used immunohistochemical approach in determining the estrogen receptor (ER) positivity of breast cancers (BCs) is inherently subjective and additionally limited by its semi-quantitative nature. The application of software in the analysis of digitized slide images may overcome some of these limitations. However, the utilization of such an approach requires that the entire staining procedure is standardized. Background and objectives: We aimed to establish a procedure for the photometric and morphometric analysis of BC immunohistochemical parameters that can possibly be used for a diagnostic purpose that is in line with the current semi-quantitative scoring system. Materials and Methods: Semi-quantitative analysis of ER-stained tissue sections was performed following the Allred scoring system guidelines. The quantitative analysis was performed in ImageJ software after color deconvolution. The quantitative analysis of 66 cases of invasive lobular BC included: Percent of ER-positive cells, average nuclear coloration intensity, and the quantitative ER score. The percent of ER-positive tumor cells was counted using a standard grid overlay, while optical density (0.0–1.0) was measured within each nucleus at the grid points. Results: A statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.886, p < 0.001) between the subjective semi-quantitative and quantitative ER scores, with a large effect size (d = 3.8215). We observed strong statistically significant correlations between individual parameters of the total ER score, percentage of ER-positive nuclei, and color intensity, obtained by the two independent methods. Conclusions: Additionally, besides excluding subjectivity, the up to now unreported cases of 3 + 0, 4 + 0, and 5 + 0 Allred scores were detected only by the application of the proposed quantitative approach.
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Schrijver WAME, Suijkerbuijk KPM, van Gils CH, van der Wall E, Moelans CB, van Diest PJ. Receptor Conversion in Distant Breast Cancer Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:568-580. [PMID: 29315431 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In metastatic breast cancer, hormone and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy decision-making is still largely based on tissue characteristics of the primary tumor. However, a change of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status in distant metastases has frequently been reported. The actual incidence of this phenomenon has been debated. Methods We performed a meta-analysis including 39 studies assessing receptor conversion from primary breast tumors to paired distant breast cancer metastases. We noted the direction of change (positive to negative or vice versa) and performed subgroup analyses for different thresholds for positivity, the type of test used to assess HER2 receptor status, and metastasis location-specific differences (two-sided tests). Results Overall, the incidence of receptor conversion varied largely between studies. For ERα, PR, and HER2, we found that random effects pooled positive to negative conversion percentages of 22.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.4% to 30.0%), 49.4% (95% CI = 40.5% to 58.2%), and 21.3% (95% CI = 14.3% to 30.5%), respectively. Negative to positive conversion percentages were 21.5% (95% CI = 18.1% to 25.5%), 15.9% (95% CI = 11.3% to 22.0%), and 9.5% (95% CI = 7.4% to 12.1%). Furthermore, ERα discordance was statistically significantly higher in the central nervous system and bone compared with liver metastases (20.8%, 95% CI = 15.0% to 28.0%, and 29.3%, 95% CI = 13.0% to 53.5%, vs 14.3%, 95% CI = 11.3% to 18.1, P = .008 and P < .001, respectively), and PR discordance was higher in bone (42.7%, 95% CI = 35.1% to 50.6%, P < .001) and liver metastases (47.0%, 95% CI = 41.0% to 53.0%, P < .001) compared with central nervous system metastases (23.3%, 95% CI = 16.0% to 32.6%). Conclusions Receptor conversion for ERα, PR, and HER2 occurs frequently in the course of disease progression in breast cancer. Large prospective studies assessing the impact of receptor conversion on treatment efficacy and survival are needed. Meanwhile, reassessing receptor status in metastases is strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karijn P M Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla H van Gils
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elsken van der Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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El-Abd E, Matta CA, Sheta M, El-Kerm Y, Sakr S. Histopathological characteristics of breast cancer and evaluation of ER alpha and Her-2neu using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eman El-Abd
- Molecular Biology Department, Medical Technology Centre (MTC), Medical Research Institute (MRI), Alexandria University, Egypt
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Cecil A. Matta
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Manal Sheta
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Kerm
- Cancer Research and Management Department, Medical Research Institute (MRI), Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Sakr
- Medical Technology Centre (MTC), Medical Research Institute (MRI), Alexandria University, Egypt
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16
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Jiang L, Huang R, Wu Y, Diao P, Zhang W, Li J, Li Z, Wang Y, Cheng J, Yang J. Overexpression of CDK7 is associated with unfavourable prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology 2018; 51:74-80. [PMID: 30473182 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), an ubiquitous kinase associated with cell cycle and transcription, contributes to human tumourigenesis and associates with patients' prognosis. In the present study, we sought to investigate the expression pattern of CDK7 and its clinicopathological significance in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The expression of CDK7 mRNA in OSCC was determined by data mining and interrogation using the Oncomine database. Its protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples from a retrospective cohort of 113 patients with primary OSCC which were treated at our institution from January 2006 to December 2016. The potential associations between CDK7 abundance and multiple clinicopathological parameters as well as patients' survival were assessed. The 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OSCC mouse model was developed to monitor CDK7 expression during cancer initiation and progression. The bioinformatics analyses revealed higher CDK7 mRNA in OSCC samples compared to normal counterparts. Our immunohistochemical staining data revealed significant aberrant overexpression of CDK7 in a large subset of OSCC. Elevated CDK7 expression was found to be significantly associated with higher T-stage (p = 0.009) and reduced overall and disease-free survival (Log-rank test, p = 0.022, 0.010, respectively). Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the expression status of CDK7 as an important independent prognostic factor for patients' survival. Increased CDK7 expression was parallel with OSCC development in the 4NQO-induced animal model. Our findings indicate that aberrant CDK7 overexpression associates with T-stage and reduced survival in OSCC, thus suggesting that it might play critical roles underlying oral tumourigenesis and also serve as a novel biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Diao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Abstract
There are two aspects of immunohistochemistry (IHC) that are relevant to practicing pathologist: (1) understanding of IHC biomarker panels that are suitable for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive testing, and (2) understanding of IHC quality assurance (QA), which makes sure that the tests in these panels work as they should. The two aspects are closely linked together and call for collaborative approach between pathologists and IHC laboratory technologists as both need to be involved in developing and maintaining IHC biomarkers that are "fit-for-purpose". This article reviews the most current IHC QA concepts that are imminently material to practicing pathologists with emphasis on challenges that are specific to endocrine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Emilia Torlakovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
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18
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Concordance between Immunohistochemistry and Microarray Gene Expression Profiling for Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and HER2 Receptor Statuses in Breast Cancer Patients in Lebanon. Int J Breast Cancer 2018; 2018:8530318. [PMID: 30009057 PMCID: PMC6020516 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8530318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accurate evaluation of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2 is critical when diagnosing invasive breast cancer for optimal treatment. The current evaluation method is via immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this paper, we compared results of ER, PR, and HER2 from microarray gene expression to IHC in 81 fresh breast cancer specimens. Methods Gene expression profiling was performed using the GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix Inc). Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status was performed using standard methods at a CAP-accredited pathology laboratory. Concordance rates, agreement measures, and kappa scores were calculated for both methods. Results For ER, Kappa score was 0.918 (95% CI, 0.77.3-1.000) and concordance rate was 97.5% (95% CI, 91.4%-99.7%). For PR, Kappa score was 0.652 (95% CI, 0.405-0.849) and concordance rate was 86.4% (95% CI, 77%-93%). For HER2, Kappa score was 0.709 (95% CI, 0.428-0.916) and concordance rate was 97.5% (95% CI, 91.4%-99.7%). Conclusion Our results are in line with the available evidence with the concordance rate being the lowest for the progesterone receptor. In general, microarray gene expression and IHC proved to have high concordance rates. Several factors can increase the discordance rate such as differences in sample processing.
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Boonyaratanakornkit V, Hamilton N, Márquez-Garbán DC, Pateetin P, McGowan EM, Pietras RJ. Extranuclear signaling by sex steroid receptors and clinical implications in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 466:51-72. [PMID: 29146555 PMCID: PMC5878997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone play essential roles in the development and progression of breast cancer. Over 70% of breast cancers express estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), emphasizing the need for better understanding of ER and PR signaling. ER and PR are traditionally viewed as transcription factors that directly bind DNA to regulate gene networks. In addition to nuclear signaling, ER and PR mediate hormone-induced, rapid extranuclear signaling at the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm which triggers downstream signaling to regulate rapid or extended cellular responses. Specialized membrane and cytoplasmic proteins may also initiate hormone-induced extranuclear signaling. Rapid extranuclear signaling converges with its nuclear counterpart to amplify ER/PR transcription and specify gene regulatory networks. This review summarizes current understanding and updates on ER and PR extranuclear signaling. Further investigation of ER/PR extranuclear signaling may lead to development of novel targeted therapeutics for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nalo Hamilton
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Diana C Márquez-Garbán
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Prangwan Pateetin
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- Chronic Disease Solutions Team, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard J Pietras
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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20
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Abstract
There is a global mandate even in countries with low resources to improve the accuracy of testing biomarkers in breast cancer viz. oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2neu) given their critical impact in the management of patients. The steps taken include compulsory participation in an external quality assurance (EQA) programme, centralized testing, and regular performance audits for laboratories. This review addresses the status of ER/PR and HER2neu testing in India and possible reasons for the delay in development of guidelines and mandate for testing in the country. The chief cause of erroneous ER and PR testing in India continues to be easily correctable issues such as fixation and antigen retrieval, while for HER2neu testing, it is the use of low-cost non-validated antibodies and interpretative errors. These deficiencies can however, be rectified by (i) distributing the accountability and responsibility to surgeons and oncologist, (ii) certification of centres for testing in oncology, and (iii) initiation of a national EQA system (EQAS) programme that will help with economical solutions and identifying the centres of excellence and instill a system for reprimand of poorly performing laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Shet
- Department of Histopathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
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21
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Zhao L, Yu H, Yi S, Peng X, Su P, Xiao Z, Liu R, Tang A, Li X, Liu F, Shen S. The tumor suppressor miR-138-5p targets PD-L1 in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45370-45384. [PMID: 27248318 PMCID: PMC5216728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in cancer development and progression. This study investigated the effects of miR-138-5p in human colorectal cancer (CRC) development. miR-138-5p was frequently downregulated in CRC tissues and was associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and poor overall survival. We found that miR-138-5p decreased expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) through interaction with its PD-L1 3′ untranslated region. miR-138-5p also dramatically suppressed CRC cell growth in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. PD-L1 and miR-138-5p levels were inversely correlated in human CRC tumors, and miR-138-5p inhibited PD-L1 expression in tumor models. These results suggest that miR-138-5p is a tumor suppressor in CRC, and its effects are exerted at least partially through PD-L1 downregulation. Low miR-138-5p and high PD-L1 levels correlated with shorter overall CRC patient survival, indicating that miR-138-5p and PD-L1 may serve as CRC biomarkers for risk group assignment, optimal therapy selection and clinical outcome prediction. Targeting PD-L1, possibly by administering miR-138-5p mimics, might be a clinically effective anti-CRC therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuijing Yi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- Department of Breast Oncology Plastic and Head and Neck, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiming Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Anliu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Expression of Breast Cancer Subtypes Based on the Most Important Biomarkers: Comparison of Clinicopathological Factors and Survival. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.57931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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D'Andrea MR, Howanski RJ, Saller CF. MAP2 IHC detection: a marker of antigenicity in CNS tissues. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:363-373. [PMID: 28766965 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1295169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to detect antibody-specific antigens in tissues; the results depend on the ability of the primary antibodies to bind to their antigens. Therefore, results depend on the quality of preservation of the specimen. Many investigators have overcome the deleterious effects of over-fixation on the binding of primary antibodies to specimen antigens using IHC, but if the specimen is under-fixed or fixation is delayed, false negative results could be obtained despite certified laboratory practices. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is an abundant microtubule-associate protein that participates in the outgrowth of neuronal processes and synaptic plasticity; it is localized primarily in cell bodies and dendrites of neurons. MAP2 immunolabeling has been reported to be absent in areas of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease brains that were co-localized with the dense-core type of amyloid plaques. It was hypothesized that the lack of MAP2 immunolabeling in these structures was due to the degradation of the MAP2 antigen by the neuronal proteases that were released as the neurons lysed leading to the formation of these plaques. Because MAP2 is sensitive to proteolysis, we hypothesized that changes in MAP2 immunolabeling may be correlated with the degree of fixation of central nervous system (CNS) tissues. We detected normal MAP2 immunolabeling in fixed rat brain tissues, but MAP2 immunolabeling was decreased or lost in unfixed and delayed-fixed rat brain tissues. By contrast, two ubiquitous CNS-specific markers, myelin basic protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein, were unaffected by the degree of fixation in the same tissues. Our observations suggest that preservation of various CNS-specific antigens differs with the degree of fixation and that the lack of MAP2 immunolabeling in the rat brain may indicate inadequate tissue fixation. We recommend applying MAP2 IHC for all CNS tissues as a pre-screen to assess the quality of the tissue preservation and to avoid potentially false negative IHC results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R J Howanski
- b Analytical Biological Services Inc. , Wilmington , Delaware
| | - C F Saller
- b Analytical Biological Services Inc. , Wilmington , Delaware
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24
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Paulik R, Micsik T, Kiszler G, Kaszál P, Székely J, Paulik N, Várhalmi E, Prémusz V, Krenács T, Molnár B. An optimized image analysis algorithm for detecting nuclear signals in digital whole slides for histopathology. Cytometry A 2017; 91:595-608. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamás Micsik
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Clinical Gastroenterology Research Unit; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
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25
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Wang Y, Yao B, Li H, Zhang Y, Gao H, Gao Y, Peng R, Tang J. Assessment of Tumor Stiffness With Shear Wave Elastography in a Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Implantation Model. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:955-963. [PMID: 28258646 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the stiffness of human prostate cancer in a xenograft implantation model using shear wave elastography and compare the pathologic features of tumors with varying elasticity. METHODS Human prostate cancer DU-145 cells were injected into 24 nude male mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups according to the time of transplantation (6, 8, and 10 weeks). The volume, elasticity, and Young modulus of tumors were recorded by 2-dimensional sonography and shear wave elastography. The tumors were collected for pathologic analyses: hematoxylin-eosin staining, Ponceau S, and aniline staining were used to stain collagen and elastic fibers, and picric acid-sirius red staining was used to indicate type I and III collagen. The area ratios of collagen I/III were calculated. The correlation between the Young modulus of the tumor and area ratio of collagen I/III were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin was performed. RESULTS Nineteen tumors in 3 groups were collected. The volume and mean Young modulus increased with the time of transplantation. There were more collagen fibers in the stiff tumors, and there were significant differences in the area ratios of collagen I/III between groups 1 (mean ± SD, 0.50 ± 0.17) and 3 (1.97 ± 0.56; P < .01). The Young modulus of the tumors showed a very significant correlation with the area ratios of collagen I/III (r = 0.968; P < .05). The expression level of α-smooth muscle actin protein was higher in group 3 than in the other groups, but differences in vimentin expression were barely seen. CONCLUSIONS Shear wave elastography is a novel useful technology for showing the elasticity of human prostate cancer xenograft implantation tumors. Collagen fibers, especially collagen type I, play a crucial role in the elasticity in the human prostate cancer xenograft implantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjing Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Gao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Bouchard-Fortier A, Provencher L, Blanchette C, Diorio C. Prognostic and predictive value of low estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:e106-e114. [PMID: 28490933 DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-hormonal therapy (tamoxifen) is recommended for estrogen receptor (er)-positive breast cancer (bca); however, its effect on low-receptor cancers is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of adjuvant tamoxifen in patients with weakly er-positive bca. METHODS We identified 2221 bca patients who had been er-tested by ligand-based assay (lba) during 1976-1995 and who had been treated and followed until 2008. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, body mass index, tumour size, nodal status, surgery, and chemotherapy were used to assess the effect of er level on bca survival in patients who received tamoxifen. RESULTS Overall, 17% (383) of patients were within 0-3 fmol/mg cytosol protein, and 12% (266) were within 4-9 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Patients with er levels of 0-3, 4-9, 10-19, 20-49, and 50 fmol/mg or more cytosol protein had 20-year bca survival rates of 56%, 56%, 63%, 71%, and 60% respectively. Of the 2221 patients studied, 661 (29.8%) received anti-hormonal therapy. Within the latter group, er levels of 0-3, 4-9, 10-19, 20-49, and 50 fmol/mg or more cytosol protein were associated with a hazard ratio for lower bca mortality: respectively, 1.00 (reference), 0.59 (p = 0.09), 0.19 (p < 0.0001), 0.26 (p < 0.0001), and 0.31 (p < 0.0001)-the risk reduction being significant only for er levels of 10 fmol/mg or more cytosol protein. CONCLUSIONS Tamoxifen use in bca patients with a weakly positive er status (4-9 fmol/mg cytosol protein), compared with those having higher er levels (≥10 fmol/mg cytosol protein), is not associated with a significantly lower bca-specific mortality. Our results do not support treatment with anti-hormonal therapy for bca patients with a weakly positive er status as identified by lba.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Provencher
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement.,Faculté de médecine, Centre de recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and.,Oncology Unit, chu de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - C Blanchette
- Oncology Unit, chu de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - C Diorio
- Centre des maladies du sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement.,Faculté de médecine, Centre de recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, and.,Oncology Unit, chu de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
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Halilovic A, Bulte J, Jacobs Y, Braam H, van Cleef P, Schlooz-Vries M, Werner A, Boelens O, Nagtegaal I, de Wilt H, Bult P. Brief fixation enables same-day breast cancer diagnosis with reliable assessment of hormone receptors, E-cadherin and HER2/Neu. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:781-786. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AimsPreoperative core needle biopsy (CNB) is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of breast cancer. For treatment purposes and for determining histological type, especially in case of neoadjuvant therapy, oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and E-cadherin assessments are crucial. Considering the increasing demand for same-day diagnosis of breast lesions, an accelerated method of CNB processing was developed, in which the tissue fixation time is radically reduced.MethodsTo determine whether short fixation time frustrates assessment of ER, PR and E-cadherin immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), 69 consecutive patients with 70 invasive breast carcinomas were included through the same-day diagnostics programme of breast lesions of the Radboud university medical center and the hospital Pantein. IHC for ER, PR and E-cadherin and HER2 FISH were compared between CNBs fixed for approximately 60–90 min and traditionally fixed resection specimens.ResultsOverall agreement between CNBs and resection specimens was 98.6% for ER (p<0.001; κ=0.93), 90.0% for PR (p<0.001; κ=0.75), 100% for E-cadherin (p<0001; κ=1.00) and 98.6% (p<0.001; κ=0.94) for HER2 FISH. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 98.4% and 100% for ER, 95.9% and 76.2% for PR, 100% and 100% for E-cadherin and 90% and 100% for HER2 FISH.ConclusionsHormone receptors and E-cadherin IHC and HER2 FISH are highly comparable between briefly fixed CNBs and the corresponding traditionally fixed resection specimens, and can therefore reliably be used in the daily clinical practice of same-day diagnostics of breast cancer.
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Yeung C, Hilton J, Clemons M, Mazzarello S, Hutton B, Haggar F, Addison CL, Kuchuk I, Zhu X, Gelmon K, Arnaout A. Estrogen, progesterone, and HER2/neu receptor discordance between primary and metastatic breast tumours-a review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:427-37. [PMID: 27405651 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Discordance in estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and HER2/neu status between primary breast tumours and metastatic disease is well recognized. In this review, we highlight how receptor discordance between primary tumours and paired metastasis can help elucidate the mechanism of metastasis but can also effect patient management and the design of future trials. Discordance rates and ranges were available from 47 studies (3384 matched primary and metastatic pairs) reporting ER, PR, and HER2/neu expression for both primary and metastatic sites. Median discordance rates for ER, PR, and HER2/neu were 14 % (range 0-67 %, IQR 9-25 %), 21 % (range 0-62 %, IQR 15-41 %), and 10 % (range 0-44 %, IQR 4-17 %), respectively. Loss of receptor expression was more common (9.17 %) than gain (4.51 %). Discordance rates varied amongst site of metastasis with ER discordance being highest in bone metastases suggesting that discordance is a true biological phenomenon. Discordance rates vary for both the biomarker and the metastatic site. Loss of expression is more common than gain. This can affect patient management as it can lead to a reduction in both the efficacy and availability of potential therapeutic agents. Future studies are recommended to explore both the mechanisms of discordance as well as its impact on patient outcome and management.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yeung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Hilton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Clemons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Mazzarello
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - B Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - F Haggar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C L Addison
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - I Kuchuk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - X Zhu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - K Gelmon
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A Arnaout
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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Griggs JJ, Hamilton AS, Schwartz KL, Zhao W, Abrahamse PH, Thomas DG, Jorns JM, Jewell R, Saber MES, Haque R, Katz SJ. Discordance between original and central laboratories in ER and HER2 results in a diverse, population-based sample. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 161:375-384. [PMID: 27900490 PMCID: PMC5902386 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the discordance between original and central laboratories in estrogen receptor (ER) status, in tumors originally deemed to be ER-negative, and in HER2 status in a diverse population-based sample. METHODS In a follow-up study of 1785 women with Stage I-III breast cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2007 in the Detroit and Los Angeles County SEER registry catchment areas, participants were asked to consent to reassessment of ER (in tumors originally deemed to be ER-negative) and HER2 status on archival tumor samples approximately four years after diagnosis. Blocks were centrally prepared and analyzed for ER and HER2 using standardized methods and the guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists. Analyses determined the discordance between original and central laboratories. RESULTS 132 (31%) of those eligible for ER reassessment and 367 (21%) eligible for HER2 reassessment had archival blocks reassessed centrally. ER discordance was only 6%. HER2 discordance by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was 26%, but final HER2 results-employing FISH in tumors that were IHC 2+ at the central laboratory-were discordant in only 6%. Half of the original laboratories did not perform their own assays. CONCLUSIONS Discordance between original and central laboratories in two large metropolitan areas was low in this population-based sample compared to previously reported patient samples. Centralization of testing for key pathology variables appears to be occurring in many hospitals. In addition, quality improvement efforts may have preceded the publication and dissemination of specialty society guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Griggs
- University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Building 16, 116W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St 318E, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 320 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- The Ohio State University, 2001 Polaris Parkway, Columbus, OH, 43240, USA
| | - Paul H Abrahamse
- University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Building 16, 116W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Building 16, 116W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie M Jorns
- University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Building 16, 116W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rachel Jewell
- The Ohio State University, 2001 Polaris Parkway, Columbus, OH, 43240, USA
| | - Maria E Sibug Saber
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St 318E, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Reina Haque
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research & Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Steven J Katz
- University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Building 16, 116W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Liu J, Gustafson P, Huo D. Bayesian adjustment for the misclassification in both dependent and independent variables with application to a breast cancer study. Stat Med 2016; 35:4252-63. [PMID: 27238294 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a Bayesian method to address misclassification errors in both independent and dependent variables. Our work is motivated by a study of women who have experienced new breast cancers on two separate occasions. We call both cancers primary, because the second is usually not considered as the result of a metastasis spreading from the first. Hormone receptors (HRs) are important in breast cancer biology, and it is well recognized that the measurement of HR status is subject to errors. This discordance in HR status for two primary breast cancers is of concern and might be an important reason for treatment failure. To sort out the information on true concordance rate from the observed concordance rate, we consider a logistic regression model for the association between the HR status of the two cancers and introduce the misclassification parameters (i.e., sensitivity and specificity) accounting for the misclassification in HR status. The prior distribution for sensitivity and specificity is based on how HR status is actually assessed in laboratory procedures. To account for the nonlinear effect of one error-free covariate, we introduce the B-spline terms in the logistic regression model. Our findings indicate that the true concordance rate of HR status between two primary cancers is greater than the observed value. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxin Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E6, Canada
| | - Paul Gustafson
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL, U.S.A
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31
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Baehner FL. The analytical validation of the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score assay. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:675. [PMID: 27729940 PMCID: PMC5045300 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro diagnostic multivariate index assays are highly complex molecular assays that can provide clinically actionable information regarding the underlying tumour biology and facilitate personalised treatment. These assays are only useful in clinical practice if all of the following are established: analytical validation (i.e., how accurately/reliably the assay measures the molecular characteristics), clinical validation (i.e., how consistently/accurately the test detects/predicts the outcomes of interest), and clinical utility (i.e., how likely the test is to significantly improve patient outcomes). In considering the use of these assays, clinicians often focus primarily on the clinical validity/utility; however, the analytical validity of an assay (e.g., its accuracy, reproducibility, and standardisation) should also be evaluated and carefully considered. This review focuses on the rigorous analytical validation and performance of the Oncotype DX® Breast Cancer Assay, which is performed at the Central Clinical Reference Laboratory of Genomic Health, Inc. The assay process includes tumour tissue enrichment (if needed), RNA extraction, gene expression quantitation (using a gene panel consisting of 16 cancer genes plus 5 reference genes and quantitative real-time RT-PCR), and an automated computer algorithm to produce a Recurrence Score® result (scale: 0–100). This review presents evidence showing that the Recurrence Score result reported for each patient falls within a tight clinically relevant confidence interval. Specifically, the review discusses how the development of the assay was designed to optimise assay performance, presents data supporting its analytical validity, and describes the quality control and assurance programmes that ensure optimal test performance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick L Baehner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA and Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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32
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Muthukaruppan A, Lasham A, Woad KJ, Black MA, Blenkiron C, Miller LD, Harris G, McCarthy N, Findlay MP, Shelling AN, Print CG. Multimodal Assessment of Estrogen Receptor mRNA Profiles to Quantify Estrogen Pathway Activity in Breast Tumors. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 17:139-153. [PMID: 27756582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular markers have transformed our understanding of the heterogeneity of breast cancer and have allowed the identification of genomic profiles of estrogen receptor (ER)-α signaling. However, our understanding of the transcriptional profiles of ER signaling remains inadequate. Therefore, we sought to identify the genomic indicators of ER pathway activity that could supplement traditional immunohistochemical (IHC) assessments of ER status to better understand ER signaling in the breast tumors of individual patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reduced ESR1 (gene encoding the ER-α protein) mRNA levels using small interfering RNA in ER+ MCF7 breast cancer cells and assayed for transcriptional changes using Affymetrix HG U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. We also compared 1034 ER+ and ER- breast tumors from publicly available microarray data. The principal components of ER activity generated from these analyses and from other published estrogen signatures were compared with ESR1 expression, ER-α IHC, and patient survival. RESULTS Genes differentially expressed in both analyses were associated with ER-α IHC and ESR1 mRNA expression. They were also significantly enriched for estrogen-driven molecular pathways associated with ESR1, cyclin D1 (CCND1), MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog), and NFKB (nuclear factor kappa B). Despite their differing constituent genes, the principal components generated from these new analyses and from previously published ER-associated gene lists were all associated with each other and with the survival of patients with breast cancer treated with endocrine therapies. CONCLUSION A biomarker of ER-α pathway activity, generated using ESR1-responsive mRNAs in MCF7 cells, when used alongside ER-α IHC and ESR1 mRNA expression, could provide a method for further stratification of patients and add insight into ER pathway activity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Muthukaruppan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Annette Lasham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn J Woad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Gavin Harris
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicole McCarthy
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Findlay
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cristin G Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; New Zealand Bioinformatics Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wesseling J, Tinterri C, Sapino A, Zanconati F, Lutke-Holzik M, Nguyen B, Deck KB, Querzoli P, Perin T, Giardina C, Seitz G, Guinebretière JM, Barone J, Dekker L, de Snoo F, Stork-Sloots L, Roepman P, Watanabe T, Cusumano P. An international study comparing conventional versus mRNA level testing (TargetPrint) for ER, PR, and HER2 status of breast cancer. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:297-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Prognostic Impact of Discordance in Hormone Receptor Status Between Primary and Recurrent Sites in Patients With Recurrent Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 16:e133-40. [PMID: 27268749 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent retrospective studies have reported discordance rate of hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) statuses between primary and recurrent tumors and prognostic values of discordance. However, the results of these reports may possibly include analytical error. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed 153 patients from whom pathological specimens of tumor tissues were available from both primary and recurrent sites. For all specimens, immunohistochemistry was performed for these statuses with a standardized method. Two experienced pathologists evaluated these specimens in a blinded fashion. RESULTS The discordance rates for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 were 18%, 26%, and 7%, respectively. Subtype changes based on HR and HER2 status occurred in 21% of patients. Clinical outcome was significantly worse in the patients with the tumors that were primarily HR-positive (HR(+)) converted to HR-negative (HR(-)) at recurrent sites than in the patients with the tumors in which HR status did not change or converted from HR(-) to HR(+) (P = .001). Clinical outcome was also significantly worse in the patients with the primarily HR(+) tumor that converted to triple negative in the recurrence sites than in the patients with a constantly HR(+) tumor (P < .001). By the Cox multivariate analyses, loss of HR expression and conversion to triple negative at the recurrence sites were independent indicators of worse clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Discordance in HR and HER2 status often occurred between primary and recurrent breast cancer and had independent prognostic impact in the patients with recurrent breast cancer.
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Chu D, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhu S, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Ji G, Wang W, Zheng J. NDRG4, a novel candidate tumor suppressor, is a predictor of overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7584-96. [PMID: 25749388 PMCID: PMC4480701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of NDRG4 in human malignancies is largely unknown. We investigated the role of NDRG4 protein in colorectal cancer and its prognostic value in a hospital-based retrospective training cohort of 272 patients and a prospective validation cohort of 708 patients were. Cell line was transfected with an NDRG4 expression construct to confirm the suppression of PI3K-AKT activity by NDRG4. Appropriate statistical methods were utilized for analysis. Results showed that NDRG4 protein expression was significantly decreased from normal mucosa, chronic colitis, ulcerative colitis, atypical hyperplasia to colorectal cancer. Significant negative correlations were found between NDRG4 staining and p-AKT. Patients with positive NDRG4 staining had favorable survival in both study cohorts. In multivariate analysis, NDRG4 staining proved to be an independent predictor of overall survival. Moreover, the prognostic role of NDRG4 was stratified by p-AKT. Overexpression of NDRG4 in colorectal cancer cell can significantly suppress PI3K-AKT activity, even after EGF stimulation. These results indicated NDRG4 protein expression was decreased in colorectal cancer. It may play its tumor suppressive role in carcinogenesis and progression through attenuation of PI3K-AKT activity. Therefore, high risk colorectal cancer patients could be better identified based on the combination of NDRG4 and PI3K-AKT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zixi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunming Li
- Statistics Office, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shaojun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Subramaniam S, Bhoo-Pathy N, Taib NA, Tan GH, See MH, Jamaris S, Ho GF, Looi LM, Yip CH. Breast Cancer Outcomes as Defined by the Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Growth Factor Receptor-2 in a Multi-ethnic Asian Country. World J Surg 2016; 39:2450-8. [PMID: 26138872 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer can be divided into four subtypes based on the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2). Each subtype has different clinicopathological features and outcomes. OBJECTIVE To compare the clinicopathological features and survival of ER and/or PR positive HER2 negative (ER+PR+HER2-, ER+PR-HER2- or ER-PR+HER2-), ER and/or PR positive HER2 positive (ER+PR+HER2+, ER+PR-HER2+ or ER-PR+HER2+), ER negative PR negative HER2 positive (ER-PR-HER2+), and ER negative PR negative HER2 negative (ER-PR-HER2-) subtypes. METHODS 1957 patients with Stage 1-3 breast carcinoma diagnosed between Jan 2005 and Dec 2011 were categorized into the four subtypes. The clinicopathological features between the subtypes were compared using χ (2) test. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate 5-year overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression was used to determine the association between subtypes and mortality adjusted for age, ethnicity, stage, pathological features, and treatment. RESULTS ER-PR-HER2+ and ER-PR-HER2- subtypes were associated with younger age, larger tumors, and higher grade. There was no difference in the 5-year survival of the ER-PR-HER2+ and ER-PR-HER2- subtypes (75.1 and 74.4 %, respectively) and survival was poorer than in the ER and/or PR positive HER2 negative and ER and/or PR positive HER2 positive subtypes (87.1 and 83.1 %, respectively). Only 9.5 % of women with HER2 positive breast cancer had access to trastuzumab. CONCLUSION In a low resource setting with limited access to trastuzumab, there is no difference in survival between the ER-PR-HER2+ and ER-PR-HER2- subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Subramaniam
- National Clinical Research Centre, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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Sheffield BS, Kos Z, Asleh-Aburaya K, Wang XQ, Leung S, Gao D, Won J, Chow C, Rachamadugu R, Stijleman I, Wolber R, Gilks CB, Myles N, Thomson T, Hayes MM, Bernard PS, Nielsen TO, Chia SKL. Molecular subtype profiling of invasive breast cancers weakly positive for estrogen receptor. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:483-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mouttet D, Laé M, Caly M, Gentien D, Carpentier S, Peyro-Saint-Paul H, Vincent-Salomon A, Rouzier R, Sigal-Zafrani B, Sastre-Garau X, Reyal F. Estrogen-Receptor, Progesterone-Receptor and HER2 Status Determination in Invasive Breast Cancer. Concordance between Immuno-Histochemistry and MapQuant™ Microarray Based Assay. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146474. [PMID: 26829108 PMCID: PMC4735463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormone receptor status and HER2 status are of critical interest in determining the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Their status is routinely assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, it is subject to intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory variability. The aim of our study was to compare the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 status as determined by the MapQuant™ test to the routine immuno-histochemical tests in early stage invasive breast cancer in a large comprehensive cancer center. Patients and Methods We retrospectively studied 163 invasive early-stage breast carcinoma with standard IHC status. The genomic status was determined using the MapQuant™ test providing the genomic grade index. Results We found only 4 tumours out of 161 (2.5%) with discrepant IHC and genomic results concerning ER status. The concordance rate between the two methods was 97.5% and the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was 0.89. Comparison between the MapQuant™ PR status and the PR IHC status gave more discrepancies. The concordance rate between the two methods was 91.4% and the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was 0.74. The HER2 MapQuant™ test was classified as « undetermined » in 2 out of 163 cases (1.2%). One HER2 IHC-negative tumour was found positive with a high HER2 MapQuant™ genomic score. The concordance rate between the two methods was 99.3% and the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was 0.86. Conclusion Our results show that the MapQuant™ assay, based on mRNA expression assay, provides an objective and quantitative assessment of Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor and HER2 status in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mouttet
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - M. Laé
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - M. Caly
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - D. Gentien
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - R. Rouzier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - F. Reyal
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Residual Tumor and Response to Treatment Team, Institut Curie, Department of Translational Research, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Holmström O, Linder N, Lundin M, Moilanen H, Suutala A, Turkki R, Joensuu H, Isola J, Diwan V, Lundin J. Quantification of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Expression in Human Breast Carcinomas With a Miniaturized, Low-Cost Digital Microscope: A Comparison with a High-End Whole Slide-Scanner. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144688. [PMID: 26659386 PMCID: PMC4684374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A significant barrier to medical diagnostics in low-resource environments is the lack of medical care and equipment. Here we present a low-cost, cloud-connected digital microscope for applications at the point-of-care. We evaluate the performance of the device in the digital assessment of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) expression in breast cancer samples. Studies suggest computer-assisted analysis of tumor samples digitized with whole slide-scanners may be comparable to manual scoring, here we study whether similar results can be obtained with the device presented. Materials and Methods A total of 170 samples of human breast carcinoma, immunostained for ER expression, were digitized with a high-end slide-scanner and the point-of-care microscope. Corresponding regions from the samples were extracted, and ER status was determined visually and digitally. Samples were classified as ER negative (<1% ER positivity) or positive, and further into weakly (1–10% positivity) and strongly positive. Interobserver agreement (Cohen’s kappa) was measured and correlation coefficients (Pearson’s product-momentum) were calculated for comparison of the methods. Results Correlation and interobserver agreement (r = 0.98, p < 0.001, kappa = 0.84, CI95% = 0.75–0.94) were strong in the results from both devices. Concordance of the point-of-care microscope and the manual scoring was good (r = 0.94, p < 0.001, kappa = 0.71, CI95% = 0.61–0.80), and comparable to the concordance between the slide scanner and manual scoring (r = 0.93, p < 0.001, kappa = 0.69, CI95% = 0.60–0.78). Fourteen (8%) discrepant cases between manual and device-based scoring were present with the slide scanner, and 16 (9%) with the point-of-care microscope, all representing samples of low ER expression. Conclusions Tumor ER status can be accurately quantified with a low-cost imaging device and digital image-analysis, with results comparable to conventional computer-assisted or manual scoring. This technology could potentially be expanded for other histopathological applications at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Holmström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Linder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Moilanen
- Center of Microscopy and Nanotechnology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Suutala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Turkki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vinod Diwan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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40
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Negm OH, Muftah AA, Aleskandarany MA, Hamed MR, Ahmad DAJ, Nolan CC, Diez-Rodriguez M, Tighe PJ, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. Clinical utility of reverse phase protein array for molecular classification of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 155:25-35. [PMID: 26661092 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) represents a sensitive and high-throughput technique allowing simultaneous quantitation of protein expression levels in biological samples. This study aimed to confirm the ability of RPPA to classify archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues into molecular classes used in the Nottingham prognostic index plus (NPI+) determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Proteins were extracted from FFPE breast cancer tissues using three extraction protocols: the Q-proteome FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and two in-house methods using Laemmli buffer with either incubation for 20 min or 2 h at 105 °C. Two preparation methods, full-face sections and macrodissection, were used to assess the yield and quality of protein extracts. Ten biomarkers used for the NPI+ (ER, PgR, HER2, Cytokeratins 5/6 and 7/8, EGFR, HER3, HER4, p53 and Mucin 1) were quantified using RPPA and compared to results determined by IHC. The Q-proteome FFPE Tissue Kit produced significantly higher protein concentration and signal intensities. The intra- and inter-array reproducibility assessment indicated that RPPA using FFPE lysates was a highly reproducible and robust technique. Expression of the biomarkers individually and in combination using RPPA was highly consistent with IHC results. Macrodissection of the invasive tumour component gave more reliable results with the majority of biomarkers determined by IHC, (80 % concordance) compared with full-face sections (60 % concordance). Our results provide evidence for the technical feasibility of RPPA for high-throughput protein expression profiling of FFPE breast cancer tissues. The sensitivity of the technique is related to the quality of extracted protein and purity of tumour tissue. RPPA could provide a quantitative technique alternative to IHC for the biomarkers used in the NPI+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola H Negm
- School of Life Sciences, Immunology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. .,Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Abir A Muftah
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohamed R Hamed
- School of Life Sciences, Immunology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dena A J Ahmad
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher C Nolan
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria Diez-Rodriguez
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick J Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, Immunology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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Engelberg JA, Retallack H, Balassanian R, Dowsett M, Zabaglo L, Ram AA, Apple SK, Bishop JW, Borowsky AD, Carpenter PM, Chen YY, Datnow B, Elson S, Hasteh F, Lin F, Moatamed NA, Zhang Y, Cardiff RD. "Score the Core" Web-based pathologist training tool improves the accuracy of breast cancer IHC4 scoring. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1694-704. [PMID: 26410019 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hormone receptor status is an integral component of decision-making in breast cancer management. IHC4 score is an algorithm that combines hormone receptor, HER2, and Ki-67 status to provide a semiquantitative prognostic score for breast cancer. High accuracy and low interobserver variance are important to ensure the score is accurately calculated; however, few previous efforts have been made to measure or decrease interobserver variance. We developed a Web-based training tool, called "Score the Core" (STC) using tissue microarrays to train pathologists to visually score estrogen receptor (using the 300-point H score), progesterone receptor (percent positive), and Ki-67 (percent positive). STC used a reference score calculated from a reproducible manual counting method. Pathologists in the Athena Breast Health Network and pathology residents at associated institutions completed the exercise. By using STC, pathologists improved their estrogen receptor H score and progesterone receptor and Ki-67 proportion assessment and demonstrated a good correlation between pathologist and reference scores. In addition, we collected information about pathologist performance that allowed us to compare individual pathologists and measures of agreement. Pathologists' assessment of the proportion of positive cells was closer to the reference than their assessment of the relative intensity of positive cells. Careful training and assessment should be used to ensure the accuracy of breast biomarkers. This is particularly important as breast cancer diagnostics become increasingly quantitative and reproducible. Our training tool is a novel approach for pathologist training that can serve as an important component of ongoing quality assessment and can improve the accuracy of breast cancer prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Engelberg
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
| | - Hanna Retallack
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ronald Balassanian
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mitchell Dowsett
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3 6JJ United Kingdom
| | - Lila Zabaglo
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG United Kingdom
| | - Arishneel A Ram
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sophia K Apple
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90404
| | - John W Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Philip M Carpenter
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92697
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Brian Datnow
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Sarah Elson
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Farnaz Hasteh
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Fritz Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92697
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90404
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Department of Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The majority of breast cancers show overexpression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs). The development of drugs to target these hormone receptors, such as tamoxifen, has brought about significant improvement in survival for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Since information about ER and PR is vital for patient management, quality assurance is important to ensure accurate testing. In recent guidelines, the recommended definition of ER and PR positivity is 1% or more of cells that stain positive. Semiquantitative assessment of ER and PR is important for prognosis and, hence, management. Even with the development of genomic tests, hormone receptor status remains the most significant predictive and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Har Yip
- Department of Surgery, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Regenerating gene 1B silencing inhibits colon cancer cell HCT116 proliferation and invasion. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e217-25. [PMID: 25768000 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human regenerating gene 1B (REG1B) is found to be frequently up-regulated in many types of human tumors. It is unclear whether REG1B expression may have therapeutic value in colorectal carcinoma. Additionally, how REG1B is associated with the clinical features of colorectal carcinoma is not known. To investigate the relationship between REG1B and colorectal cancer, we analyzed REG1B expression in clinical specimens and cell lines and the effect of down-regulation of REG1B by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HCT116 cells. METHODS Paraffin-embedded specimens from 30 pairs of colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent colon tissues were used to investigate the expression of REG1B by immunohistochemistry. We also examined whether REG1B itself may be related to cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, migration and invasion in colon cancer HCT116 cells. RESULTS Our results showed that REG1B was highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma and was significantly associated with cell differentiation status. The results also illustrated that REG1B silencing with shRNA inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion but did not induce apoptosis. Furthermore, down-regulation of REG1B induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of REG1B can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion. It may act by a mechanism regulating cell cycle progression. Thus, REG1B may be a novel candidate therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Parinyanitikul N, Lei X, Chavez-MacGregor M, Liu S, Mittendorf EA, Litton JK, Woodward W, Zhang AH, Hortobagyi GN, Valero V, Meric-Bernstam F, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Receptor status change from primary to residual breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and analysis of survival outcomes. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 15:153-60. [PMID: 25454687 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the frequency of receptor change from pretreatment to residual breast cancer after NCT and their correlation with outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred ninety-eight women were identified retrospectively. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 were reviewed. Patients were classified as not having receptor change versus any receptor change. Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate survival outcomes according to changes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association of receptor status changes with outcomes after adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics. RESULTS One hundred sixty-two (40.7%) patients had a change in at least 1 of the receptors from pretreatment to residual disease. Patients who had no change in receptor status had a significantly greater triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) rate at baseline (P = .0001). Of the 193 hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors, 9 (4.7%) and 29 (15.1%) became HER2-positive and TNBC, respectively. Of the 72 HER2-positive tumors, 20 (27.8%) and 9 (12.5%) became HR-positive and TNBC, respectively. Of the 128 TNBC tumors, only 2 (1.6%) and 33 (25.8%) became HER2-positive and HR-positive, respectively. At a median follow up of 40 months, 5-year overall survival (OS) was 73% and 63%; and 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 63% and 48% for patients with or without any receptor change (P = .07 and P = .003), respectively. Any receptor change was associated with better RFS (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.9) but not OS. (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.53-1.18). CONCLUSION Changes in receptor status between the pretreatment and residual disease after NCT are frequent and appear to be associated with improved RFS because of the receptor stability of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napa Parinyanitikul
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiudong Lei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wendy Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amy Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Ana M Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Chapman JAW, Nielsen TO, Ellis MJ, Bernard P, Chia S, Gelmon KA, Pritchard KI, Le Maitre A, Goss PE, Leung S, Shepherd LE, Bramwell VHC. Effect of continuous statistically standardized measures of estrogen and progesterone receptors on disease-free survival in NCIC CTG MA.12 Trial and BC Cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R71. [PMID: 23972025 PMCID: PMC3978444 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We hypothesized improved inter-laboratory comparability of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) across different assay methodologies with adjunctive statistical standardization, akin to bone mineral density (BMD) z-scores. We examined statistical standardization in MA.12, a placebo-controlled pre-menopausal trial of adjuvant tamoxifen with locally assessed hormone receptor +/- tumours, and in a cohort of post-menopausal British Columbia (BC) tamoxifen-treated patients. METHODS ER and PgR were centrally assessed for both patient groups with real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Effects on disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated separately for 345 MA.12 and 673 BC patients who had both qPCR and IHC assessments. Comparisons utilized continuous laboratory units and statistically standardized z-scores. Univariate categorization of ER/PgR was by number of standard deviations (SD) above or below the mean (z-score ≥1.0 SD below mean; z-score <1.0 SD below mean; z-score ≤1.0 SD above mean; z-score >1.0 SD above mean). Exploratory multivariate examinations utilized step-wise Cox regression. RESULTS Median follow-up for MA.12 was 9.7 years; for BC patients, 11.8 years. For MA.12, 101 of 345 (29%) patients were IHC ER-PgR-. ER was not univariately associated with DFS (qPCR, P = 0.19; IHC, P = 0.08), while PgR was (qPCR, P = 0.09; IHC, P = 0.04). For BC patients, neither receptor was univariately associated with DFS: for ER, PCR, P = 0.36, IHC, P = 0.24; while for PgR, qPCR, P = 0.17, IHC, P = 0.31. Multivariately, MA.12 patients randomized to tamoxifen had significantly better DFS (P = 0.002 to 0.005) than placebo. Meanwhile, jointly ER and PgR were not associated with DFS whether assessed by qPCR or by IHC in all patients, or in the subgroup of patients with IHC positive stain, for pooled or separate treatment arms. Different results by type of continuous unit supported the concept of ER level being relevant for medical decision-making. For postmenopausal BC tamoxifen patients, higher qPCR PgR was weakly associated with better DFS (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS MA.12 pre-menopausal patients in a placebo-controlled tamoxifen trial had similar multivariate prognostic effects with statistically standardized hormone receptors when tumours were assayed by qPCR or IHC, for hormone receptor +/- and + tumours. The BC post-menopausal tamoxifen cohort did not exhibit a significant prognostic association of ER or PgR with DFS. Adjunctive statistical standardization is currently under investigation in other NCIC CTG endocrine trials.
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Fan M, Sun J, Wang W, Fan J, Wang L, Zhang X, Yang A, Wang W, Zhang R, Li J. Tropomyosin-related kinase B promotes distant metastasis of colorectal cancer through protein kinase B-mediated anoikis suppression and correlates with poor prognosis. Apoptosis 2014; 19:860-70. [PMID: 24549576 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence demonstrated that the neurotrophic receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) plays a critical role in the development and progression of multiple types of cancer. However, its underlying mechanism in distant metastasis through the circulatory and lymphatic systems in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. Here we showed that downregulation of TrkB using short hairpin RNA obviously increased anoikis (detachment-induced apoptosis resulting from loss of cell-matrix interactions) sensitivity of CRC cells in vitro. Furthermore, using tail vein injection model, we confirmed that silencing TrkB significantly inhibited metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of TrkB obviously protected CRC cells from anoikis in vitro. Both loss- and gain-of-functional experiments indicated that TrkB could be a functional molecule in anti-anoikis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, we found that protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt) signaling pathway was a functional link in TrkB-induced anoikis suppression in CRC cells. Phosphorylation levels of Akt are closely related with the expression pattern of TrkB in CRC cells and inhibition of Akt activation robustly induces anoikis of CRC cells in vitro. In addition, our clinical investigation showed that high TrkB expression levels in CRC patients were associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and unfavourable prognosis. Thus, based on our results, this study suggests that an important function of TrkB is to protect CRC cells from anoikis in the circulatory and lymphatic systems, and that TrkB could be a promising candidate in CRC therapy, especially in the inhibition of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fan
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Chu D, Zhu S, Li J, ji G, Wang W, Wu G, Zheng J. CD147 expression in human gastric cancer is associated with tumor recurrence and prognosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101027. [PMID: 24979746 PMCID: PMC4076217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 is correlated with tumor aggressiveness in various human malignancies. Here, we investigated CD147 protein expression in 223 patients with gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry and analyzed its association with disease-free and overall survival. CD147 was increased in gastric cancer compared to normal tissues. Additionally, CD147 expression was associated with gastric cancer invasion, metastasis and TNM stage, whereas it was not related to age, sex, differentiation status, tumor site or Lauren classification. Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that CD147 was associated with disease-free and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer; i.e., patients with positive CD147 staining tend to have worse disease-free and overall survival. Moreover, Cox's proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that CD147 was an independent marker of disease-free and overall survival for patients with gastric cancer. These results confirm the association of CD147 with gastric cancer invasion and metastasis and prove that CD147 might be an indicator of tumor recurrence and prognosis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaojun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (GW)
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (GW)
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Hao CL, Li Y, Yang HX, Luo RZ, Zhang Y, Zhang MF, Cheng YF, Wang X. High level of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 predicts poor prognosis in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:4213-4221. [PMID: 25120801 PMCID: PMC4129036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) is a key mediator bridging autophagy, apoptosis and differentiation. However, its role and clinical significance in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still scanty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of LC3 by immunohistochemistry in a group of patients with ESCC treated with surgical resection. Tissue microarray that included 253 surgically resected ESCC specimens was successfully generated for immunohistochemical evaluation. The clinical/prognostic significance of LC3 expression was analyzed statistically. The association of LC3 expression with the ESCC survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards regression. The results showed that the immunostaining of LC3 was distributed in cytoplasm and plasma-membrane. Significantly high LC3 expression was found in ESCC cells compared with that of normal esophageal epithelial cells. Patients with low expression of LC3 demonstrated higher overall survival compared with those with high expression of LC3 (mean of 71.1 months versus 55.5 months, P = 0.022). A similar result was observed for disease-free survival (mean of 68.7 months versus 51.8 months, P = 0.021). In subgroup analysis, LC3 expression could stratify pN0 patients with ESCC. Multivariate analysis showed that the level of LC3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in ESCC (RR = 1.407, P = 0.049). This paper shows high level of LC3 suggests poor prognosis for resectable ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Li Hao
- Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan City, Shandong Province, China
- Oncology Center, Tengzhou Central People’s HospitalTengzhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao-Xian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
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Validation of EP1 antibody clone for estrogen receptor immunohistochemistry in breast cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014; 22:613-8. [PMID: 24897073 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) tumor's status is critical for breast cancer management. A new rabbit antibody clone, EP1, is now available for ER status determination. The objective was to validate the EP1 antibody clone for its use in breast cancer ER status determination in a clinical setting against the previous standard, SP1. EP1 clone was assessed in 130 consecutive cases, including 50 ER-negative (<1% ER expression), 13 ER-low-positive (1% to 9% ER expression), and 67 ER-positive (≥10% ER expression). Using EP1 versus SP1, positive agreement (sensibility) was 92.5% and negative agreement (specificity) was 100%, leading to an overall agreement of 95.4%. All discordant cases (n=6) were ER-low-positive. SP1 was remeasured in 13 ER-low-positive and in 11 ER-negative cases. Overall agreement between SP1 initial tumor status and reassessment was 70.8% in those negative and low-positive cases. In conclusion, EP1 antibody has been validated for use in breast cancer with a positive agreement ≥90% and a negative agreement ≥95%, as recommended. Also, overall agreement between EP1 and SP1 was as good as between the SP1 initial status and SP1 reassessment.
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Sighoko D, Liu J, Hou N, Gustafson P, Huo D. Discordance in hormone receptor status among primary, metastatic, and second primary breast cancers: biological difference or misclassification? Oncologist 2014; 19:592-601. [PMID: 24807915 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discordance in hormone receptor status has been observed between two breast tumors of the same patients; however, the degree of heterogeneity is debatable with regard to whether it reflects true biological difference or the limited accuracy of receptor assays. METHODS A Bayesian misclassification correction method was applied to data on hormone receptor status of two primary breast cancers from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 1990 and 2010 and to data on primary breast cancer and paired recurrent/metastatic disease assembled from a meta-analysis of the literature published between 1979 and 2014. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the estrogen receptor (ER) assay were estimated to be 0.971 and 0.920, respectively. After correcting for misclassification, the discordance in ER between two primary breast cancers was estimated to be 1.2% for synchronous ipsilateral pairs, 5.0% for synchronous contralateral pairs, 14.6% for metachronous ipsilateral pairs, and 25.0% for metachronous contralateral pairs. Technical misclassification accounted for 53%-83% of the ER discordance between synchronous primary cancers and 11%-25% of the ER discordance between metachronous cancers. The corrected discordance in ER between primary tumors and recurrent or metastatic lesions was 12.4%, and there were more positive-to-negative changes (10.1%) than negative-to-positive changes (2.3%). Similar patterns were observed for progesterone receptor (PR), although the overall discordance in PR was higher. CONCLUSION A considerable proportion of discordance in hormone receptor status can be attributed to misclassification in receptor assessment, although the accuracy of receptor assays was excellent. Biopsy of recurrent tumors for receptor retesting should be conducted after considering feasibility, cost, and previous ER/PR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Sighoko
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juxin Liu
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ningqi Hou
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Gustafson
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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