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Kałwak W, Weziak-Bialowolska D, Wendołowska A, Bonarska K, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Bańbura A, Czyżowska D, Gruszka A, Opoczyńska-Morasiewicz M, Izydorczyk B. Young adults from disadvantaged groups experience more stress and deterioration in mental health associated with polycrisis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8757. [PMID: 38627525 PMCID: PMC11021532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent polycrisis (COVID-19, Ukraine war, climate change, economic crisis) has been associated with mental health through cumulative stress, with young people being particularly vulnerable. We surveyed 403 college students from Poland to examine their psychological responses to the experienced crises. The results showed that polycrisis was associated with worse mental health of college students from disadvantaged groups (based on gender, sexual orientation, and financial situation) compared to other college students, in four areas: sense of proximity to the crises, stress caused by the crises, sense of responsibility for mitigating the crises, and experiencing everyday moral dilemmas regarding the crises. These young adults also suffered more in terms of negative affectivity, depressive symptoms, and subjective physical and mental health. Our findings suggest that when discussing public mental health perspectives, it is important to consider consequences of cumulative stress and its greater impact on young people from disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Kałwak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Romana Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
- Department of Quantitative Methods and Information Technology, Kozminski University, ul. Jagiellonska 57/59, 03-301, Warsaw, Poland
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, 12 Arrow St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Anna Wendołowska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Romana Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Bonarska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Romana Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, ul. Prof. Stefana Łojasiewicza 4, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bańbura
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Romana Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Czyżowska
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Romana Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gruszka
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Romana Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Bernadetta Izydorczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, ul. Romana Ingardena 6, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
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Morrison T, Wright W, Astle K, Abdul-Mutakabbir JC. Exploring the intersectionality of racism and sexual/gender minority health: A call to action for health-system pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:326-333. [PMID: 38146922 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takira Morrison
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Wesley Wright
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Astle
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical Research, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jacinda C Abdul-Mutakabbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Division of the Black Diaspora and African American Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Prieto L. Exploring the Influence of Social Class and Sex on Self-Reported Health: Insights from a Representative Population-Based Study. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 38398693 PMCID: PMC10890034 DOI: 10.3390/life14020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate interplay between social class, sex, and self-reported health (SRH) using data from the European Health Survey of Spain 2020 (EESE2020). Employing a cross-sectional design and a representative sample of 22,072 individuals, the analysis explores the persistence of disparities after adjusting for covariates, focusing on health-related variables. The study employs logistic regression models and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to delineate the direct effects of social class and sex on SRH, identifying a minimum adjustment set to control for confounding variables. Results reveal a gradient effect of social class on SRH, emphasizing the enduring impact of socioeconomic factors. Sex-based disparities in SRH diminish after considering additional health-related variables, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach. DAGs serve as transparent tools in disentangling complex relationships, guiding the identification of essential covariates. The study concludes that addressing health inequalities requires comprehensive strategies considering both individual health behaviours and socio-economic contexts. While recognizing limitations, such as the cross-sectional design, the findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of health disparities, informing evidence-based interventions and policies for a more equitable healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Prieto
- Distance Learning, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Masa R, Shangani S, Baruah D, Operario D. The Association of Food Insecurity, Mental Health, and Healthcare Access and Use Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults in the United States: Results From the 2021 National Health Interview Survey. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:68-79. [PMID: 37899588 PMCID: PMC10748451 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231211134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to describe the prevalence of food insecurity and its relationship with mental health, health care access, and use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in the U.S. DESIGN AND SETTING We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a cross-sectional study of noninstitutionalized adults from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. SAMPLE The study sample was restricted to LGB adults ≥18 years (N = 1178) from the 2021 NHIS survey. MEASURES Food security was assessed using the 10-item U.S Adult Food Security Survey Module. Study outcomes were mental health (depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and serious psychological distress), health care utilization, and medication adherence. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics and linear and generalized linear regressions. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 69% White, 14% Hispanic/Latinx, 9% Black, and 8% people of other races. Approximately half (53%) identified as bisexual and 47% identified as gay or lesbian. Eleven percent were food insecure. Sexual orientation, income-to-poverty ratio, and health insurance were significant correlates of food insecurity. In multivariable analyses, food insecurity was significantly associated with mental illness (including depression, anxiety, and serious psychological distress), limited health care access and use (including inability to pay medical bills, delay in getting medical and mental health care, and going without needed medical and mental health care), and medication nonadherence (including skipping medication, taking less medication, delay filling prescription, and going without needed prescription). CONCLUSION Food insecurity is a constant predictor of adverse mental health and low medical and mental health care use rates among LGB adults in the United States. Achieving food security in LGB people requires improving their financial and nonfinancial resources to obtain food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainier Masa
- School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Dicky Baruah
- School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Don Operario
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wiwattarangkul T, Wainipitapong S. Attitudes towards LGBTQ+ individuals among Thai medical students. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296039. [PMID: 38096311 PMCID: PMC10721166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global population of individuals with gender diversity or LGBTQ+ people is on the rise. However, negative attitudes towards LGBTQ+ individuals persist, even among healthcare professionals, creating barriers to healthcare access. These attitudes are influenced by cultural variations worldwide and necessitate investigation across diverse cultures and settings. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes towards LGBTQ+ people and describe associated factors with being LGBTQ+ among Thai medical students. METHODS During the 2021 academic year, a survey was conducted at a medical school in Bangkok, Thailand, collecting demographic data and attitudes measured by a standardised Thai questionnaire. Descriptive statistics as well as bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to describe characteristics and association. RESULTS A total of 806 medical students participated, with a neutral attitude being the most prevalent (72.2%), followed by a positive attitude (27.2%), and a minority reporting a negative attitude (0.6%). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between positive attitudes and female sexual identity (aOR 2.02, 95%CI 1.45-2.81, p-value < 0.001), having LGBTQ+ family members (aOR 3.57, 95%CI 1.23-10.34, p-value = 0.019), having LGBTQ+ friend (aOR 1.46, 95%CI 1.02-2.11, p-value = 0.040), and coming from areas outside of Bangkok (aOR 1.41, 95%CI 1.01-1.97, p-value = 0.043). CONCLUSION Positive attitude towards the LGBTQ+ community are essential for physicians, emphasising the need to study factors that contribute to positive attitudes in order to foster an LGBTQ+-friendly environment for both patients and medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeravut Wiwattarangkul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sorawit Wainipitapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London, United Kingdom and Center of Excellence in Transgender Health (CETH), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hernandez SM, Halpern CT, Conron KJ. Sexual orientation, gender expression and socioeconomic status in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 78:jech-2022-220164. [PMID: 38053260 PMCID: PMC10850725 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) is a fundamental contributor to health, yet it is rarely examined relative to gender expression, particularly gender non-conformity and sexual orientation. METHODS We use data from 11 242 Wave V respondents (aged 33-44) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (2016-2018) to examine associations between socially assigned gender expression, sexual orientation and SES, in logistic and multinomial regression models stratified by sex assigned at birth. RESULTS Among both women and men a general pattern of heightened risk for lower SES among gender non-conforming sexual minorities relative to gender conforming heterosexuals was observed. Gender non-conforming heterosexuals were also at elevated risk of lower SES compared with their conforming heterosexual peers. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic differences by sexual orientation and gender expression have important implications for understanding health disparities among gender non-conforming sexual minorities and their gender conforming heterosexual counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Department of Maternal & Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kerith J Conron
- The Williams Institute, University of California School of Law, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Oi K. Widening, Narrowing, and Persistence of Socioeconomic Gaps Between Sexual Minorities and Heterosexuals Across Adulthood. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:3213-3246. [PMID: 35849384 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2090885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In socioeconomic attainment, same-sex sexuality (SSS) matters, as well as whether SSS is experienced in adolescence (early) or not until later in adulthood (late). Using data from 8912 participants of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, sexual minorities are identified as the early or late groups. Multilevel regression models were used to compare their income, occupational status, and education separately against heterosexuals, based on repeated measures taken in their 20s, 30s, and 40s. This study found a significant lag in high-school graduation compared to a subgroup of men in the early group that did not express same-sex sexuality in adulthood. Independently, "gay penalty" in income emerged for the late group as they entered their 30s, and persisted into their 40s. No socioeconomic gaps were observed for the women. To serve equity goals for all sexualities, closer attention needs to be given to those with an evolving history of same-sex sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Oi
- Department of Sociology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Buczak-Stec E, König HH, Feddern L, Hajek A. Long-Term Care Preferences and Sexual Orientation-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:331-342.e1. [PMID: 36586720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The number of sexual and gender minority older adults who require long-term care is steadily increasing. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence related to preference for long-term care with regard to sexual orientation and gender identity. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid/PsycINFO, and Web of Science from inception to July 2020 (updated in July 2021). Search terms embraced 3 themes (1) sexual and gender minorities, (2) long-term care, and (3) preferences. Quantitative studies of the adult population were included. METHODS Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment followed the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The proportions were pooled using meta-analysis and random effects models. RESULTS A total of 17 articles were included out of 5944 studies of potential relevance. The perception of nursing homes (NHs) that emerges from these studies is predominantly negative for heterosexuals and lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) individuals (n = 11). Across 6 studies (10 outcomes), the pooled estimate for the proportion of individuals with a preference to move into a NH was 10.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.88%‒13.22%, I2 = 97.4%]; 13.7% (95% CI 8.6%‒18.7%) for LGBT individuals and 7.3% (95% CI 3.14%‒11.50%) for heterosexuals. LGBT-friendly NHs were preferred by between 55% and 98% of LGBT respondents. Informal care provided by partner or family was one of the preferred options (n = 6). It was preferred by 33% to 70% of various groups of LGBT respondents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The preference to move into a NH is relatively low among both heterosexuals and sexual and gender minority adults. Findings showed negligible differences in preferences to move into a NH between heterosexuals and sexual and gender minorities. LGBT-friendly long-term care facilities where every member feels welcomed and not discriminated against seem to be one of the favorable long-term care choices among LGBT individuals. This knowledge is important to inform nursing services and policy makers about the preferred long-term care options. Providing LGBT-friendly facilities is usually less expensive than providing care in newly created LGBT-only facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Buczak-Stec
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research; Hamburg Center for Health Economics; Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research; Hamburg Center for Health Economics; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Feddern
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research; Hamburg Center for Health Economics; Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research; Hamburg Center for Health Economics; Hamburg, Germany
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Allen JL, Wiginton K, Nakarmi J, Golman M, Amick BC. Physical Activity as a Mediator for Health Outcomes Among Sexual Minority Adults. LGBT Health 2023; 10:158-168. [PMID: 36173753 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine physical activity (PA) as a protective measure of health outcomes among sexual minority (SM) and heterosexual adults. Methods: Using data from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey, differences in key health outcomes between three groups (heterosexual, SM, and "other") and the mediating effects of PA were explored. Chi-square tests were used to examine group differences. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine associations between PA and health outcomes (body mass index [BMI], psychological distress, health status, and use of alcohol, cigarettes, and e-cigarettes). Results: Compared with heterosexual respondents, "other" adults had higher levels of BMI above 24.9 and were less active; SM respondents had elevated levels of alcohol use, smoking, binge drinking, and psychological distress, and reported worse overall health status. Unadjusted models showed that PA served as a protective factor for BMI above 30 and health status for all groups. PA was also protective for BMI below or above 18.5-24.9, smoking, psychological distress, and health status for both heterosexual and SM groups. Alternatively, PA behaved as a risk factor for alcohol use and binge drinking for all groups. Adjusted modeling removed PA as a risk factor for light alcohol use and binge drinking for SM respondents and added a protective factor for e-cigarette use for heterosexual respondents. Conclusion: This study adds to current literature on health disparities affecting SM populations and the health benefits associated with PA. Further research is needed to explore tailored PA intervention for SM populations and those who mark "other," "something else," "don't know," or refuse to answer questions on sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimi L Allen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kristin Wiginton
- College of Health Professions/College of Nursing, Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Janet Nakarmi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mandy Golman
- School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Haarmann L, Folkerts AK, Lieker E, Eichert K, Neidlinger M, Monsef I, Skoetz N, Träuble B, Kalbe E. Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis on physical health conditions in lesbian- and bisexual-identified women compared with heterosexual-identified women. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057231219610. [PMID: 38146632 PMCID: PMC10752089 DOI: 10.1177/17455057231219610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority individuals experience discrimination, leading to mental health disparities. Physical health disparities have not been examined to the same extent in systematic reviews so far. OBJECTIVES To provide a systematic review and, where possible, meta-analyses on the prevalence of physical health conditions in sexual minority women (i.e. lesbian- and bisexual-identified women) compared to heterosexual-identified women. DESIGN The study design is a systematic review with meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES AND METHODS A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was conducted on epidemiologic studies on physical health conditions, classified in the Global Burden of Disease project, published between 2000 and 2021. Meta-analyses pooling odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS In total, 23,649 abstracts were screened and 44 studies were included in the systematic review. Meta-analyses were run for arthritis, asthma, back pain, cancer, chronic kidney diseases, diabetes, headache disorders, heart attacks, hepatitis, hypertension, and stroke. Most significant differences in prevalence by sexual identity were found for chronic respiratory conditions, especially asthma. Overall, sexual minority women were significantly 1.5-2 times more likely to have asthma than heterosexual women. Furthermore, evidence of higher prevalence in sexual minority compared to heterosexual women was found for back pain, headaches/migraines, hepatitis B/C, periodontitis, urinary tract infections, and acne. In contrast, bisexual women had lower cancer rates. Overall, sexual minority women had lower odds of heart attacks, diabetes, and hypertension than heterosexual women (in terms of diabetes and hypertension possibly due to non-consideration of pregnancy-related conditions). CONCLUSION We found evidence for physical health disparities by sexual identity. Since some of these findings rely on few comparisons only, this review emphasizes the need for routinely including sexual identity assessment in health research and clinical practice. Providing a more detailed picture of the prevalence of physical health conditions in sexual minority women may ultimately contribute to reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Haarmann
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Folkerts
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Lieker
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Eichert
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marlene Neidlinger
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Träuble
- Department of Psychology ǀ Research Unit for Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Department of Medical Psychology ǀ Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Yarmohammadi S, Ghaffari M, Mehrabi Y, Mousavi S, Ramezankhani A. Designing and psychometric assessment of the scale of factors influencing HPV vaccine uptake behaviors in young adults. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:48. [PMID: 36088331 PMCID: PMC9463870 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to increase HPV vaccination, it is necessary to identify the factors influencing vaccination behavior among different cultures and the young adult populations. To evaluate the factors influencing HPV vaccine uptake behaviors, valid, reliable, and culture-compatible scales are required. This study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometric assessment of the scale of factors influencing HPV vaccine uptake behaviors in Young Adults (FI(HPV)VUBYA) in Iran. Methods The present study was carried out in a mixed-method in two steps: (a) Generating items using a qualitative study and literature review and (b) Reducing items by psychometric assessment of the designed scale. The initial set of items (N = 80) was prepared based on a qualitative study and literature review. A total of 400 young adults participated in online data collection from November 2019 to February 2020. The validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (internal consistency and stability) of the scale were evaluated. Results The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that the scale has 7 factors, explaining 57.84% of the total extracted variance. There was also a knowledge factor that EFA did not analyze, but its validity and reliability were evaluated with 7 other factors. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. Convergent and divergent validity of the scale was accepted for all factors. Good reliability was also reported for the scale. Conclusion FI(HPV)VUBYA 8-factor scale has good validity and reliability among young Iranian adults. Due to its appropriate psychometric properties, this scale can be used on this population in future studies.
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Potter AS, Dube SL, Barrios LC, Bookheimer S, Espinoza A, Feldstein Ewing SW, Freedman EG, Hoffman EA, Ivanova M, Jefferys H, McGlade EC, Tapert SF, Johns MM. Measurement of gender and sexuality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 53:101057. [PMID: 35026661 PMCID: PMC8759998 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) study is a longitudinal study of adolescent brain development and health that includes over 11,800 youth in the United States. The ABCD study includes broad developmental domains, and gender and sexuality are two of these with noted changes across late childhood and early adolescence. The Gender Identity and Sexual Health (GISH) workgroup recommends measures of gender and sexuality for the ABCD study, prioritizing those that are developmentally sensitive, capture individual differences in the experience of gender and sexuality, and minimize participant burden. This manuscript describes the gender and sexuality measures used in ABCD and provides guidance for researchers using these data. Data showing the utility of these measures and longitudinal trends are presented. Including assessment of gender and sexuality in ABCD allows for characterization of developmental trajectories of gender and sexuality, and the broad scope of ABCD data collection allows examination of identity development in an intersectional manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 S Prospect St, UHC Arnold 6, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Sarahjane L Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 S Prospect St, UHC Arnold 6, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Lisa C Barrios
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE MS US 8-1, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Joaquin Fuster Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCLA School of Medicine, 916 Camino Colibri, Calabasas, CA 91302, USA.
| | - Abigail Espinoza
- Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, Developmental Brain Imaging Lab (DBIL), Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Prochaska Endowed Professor of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, 130 Flagg Ave., Kingston, RI, USA.
| | - Edward G Freedman
- Dept. Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 430 Elmwood Ave, Rochester NY 14620, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Hoffman
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 301 North Stonestreet Ave, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Masha Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 S Prospect St, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Hailee Jefferys
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.
| | - Erin C McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Dr, Box 1, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0603, USA.
| | - Michelle M Johns
- Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE MS US 8-1, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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13
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Zou S, Cao W, Jia Y, Wang Z, Qi X, Shen J, Tang K. Sexual and reproductive health and attitudes towards sex of young adults in China. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 48:e13-e21. [PMID: 33504512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to discuss the importance of socioeconomic status (SES) and family sexual attitudes and investigate their association with sexual and reproductive health in a large sample of Chinese young adults. METHODS We analysed a large sample of 53 508 youth aged 15-24 years from an internet-based survey from November 2019 to February 2020. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between SES, family sexual attitudes, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH), stratified by sex and adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Individuals with the highest expenditure were more likely to engage in early sexual intercourse (female: OR 4.19, 95% CI 3.00 to 5.87; male: OR 3.82, 95% CI 2.84 to 5.12). For both sexes, the likelihood of young adult sexual risk-taking such as first intercourse without using a condom, acquiring sexually transmitted infections, and pregnancy was lower in those with higher maternal educational attainment, whereas it was higher in those with open family sexual attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Lower SES and open family attitudes toward sex had a significant association with a range of adverse young adulthood SRH outcomes. Public health policies should focus on more deprived populations and advocate suitable parental participation to reduce risky sexual behaviours in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zou
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhen Cao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Qi
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashu Shen
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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14
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Gibb JK, Shokoohi M, Salway T, Ross LE. Sexual orientation-based disparities in food security among adults in the United States: results from the 2003-2016 NHANES. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:2006-2016. [PMID: 34551071 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to sufficient, safe, culturally appropriate, and nutritious food is essential for maintaining both physical and mental health. Despite a growing body of evidence suggesting that sexual minority (SM) people experience significant disparities in socioeconomic and material resource security, there remains a paucity of empirical studies examining the prevalence of food insecurity among SM people relative to their heterosexual peers. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of adult and household food insecurity across sexual orientation groups in the United States after adjusting for multiple covariates. METHODS We combined 7 cycles of US NHANES, 2003-2016 (N = 21,300) to examine sexual orientation-based disparities in adult food security among lesbian/gay (n = 373), bisexual (n = 606), same-sex experienced (SSE, n = 693), other sexual minorities (OSMs, n = 88), and heterosexual (n = 19,540) people. Food (in)security was measured using the US Food Security Survey Module and categorized as secure, marginally insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure. RESULTS Severe adult food insecurity was higher among bisexuals (17.16%; 95% CI: 14.36, 20.38), SSE (13.71%; 95% CI: 11.34, 16.48), OSMs (12.50%; 95% CI: 7.04, 21.24), and lesbians/gays (13.14%; 95% CI: 10.07, 16.97) compared with heterosexuals (8.23%; 95% CI: 7.85, 8.62). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, age, citizenship, education, household size, income, cycle year, emergency food use, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation showed that bisexuals, OSMs, SSE, and lesbians/gays were more likely to experience moderate to severe food insecurity compared with heterosexuals. CONCLUSIONS SM people are significantly more likely to experience increased likelihood of food insecurity relative to their heterosexual peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Gibb
- Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mostafa Shokoohi
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Travis Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lori E Ross
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Jenkins V, Everett BG, Steadman M, Mollborn S. Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation Among Sexual Minority Women. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:1757-1765. [PMID: 34417684 PMCID: PMC10317205 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identify disparities in breastfeeding initiation and continuation among sexual minority women (SMW) and determine if known risk factors explain any observed disparities. METHODS We used data from the 2006 to 2017 National Survey of Family Growth female pregnancy questionnaire. We measured sexual orientation using self-reported sexual identity and histories of same-sex sexual experiences reported by women (heterosexual-WSM [women who only reported sex with men]; heterosexual-WSW [women who reported sex with women]; bisexual, and lesbian. In total, we had 18,696 births that occurred within the last 10 years and used logistic and multinomial regression models to assess sexual orientation disparities in breastfeeding initiation and duration that clustered on women to account for potential multiple births to a woman. RESULTS Compared to heterosexual-WSM, infants born to lesbian-identified women had decreased odds of ever being breastfed (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30, 0.99) and a decreased relative risk of being breastfed more than 6 months (RRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22, 0.97). Infants of heterosexual-WSW had an increased odds of ever breastfeeding (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12, 1.74) and increased relative risk of breastfeeding more than 6 months (RRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02, 1.69). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that infants born to lesbian-identified women were less likely to be breastfed than those born to their heterosexual counterparts, even after adjusting for several factors associated with breastfeeding behaviors. We found no differences in breastfeeding between bisexual women and heterosexual-WSM. Understanding and addressing the barriers sexual minority women face for breastfeeding is critical for ensuring maternal and child health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Jenkins
- Department of Sociology, The University of Utah, 390 1530 E #301, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Bethany G Everett
- Department of Sociology, The University of Utah, 390 1530 E #301, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Mindy Steadman
- Department of Sociology, The University of Utah, 390 1530 E #301, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Stefanie Mollborn
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University and University of Colorado Boulder, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Masa R, Shangani S, Operario D. Socioeconomic Status and Psychosocial Resources Mediate Racial/Ethnic Differences in Psychological Health Among Gay and Bisexual Men: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211001197. [PMID: 33724073 PMCID: PMC7970305 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of research demonstrates disparities in psychological health attributed to sexual minority identity, racial/ethnic minority identity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Fewer studies have explicated the role of these multiple attributes on psychological health and explored the role of SES and psychosocial resources in determining outcomes. We analyzed data from Project STRIDE, a longitudinal survey involving a diverse sample of gay and bisexual adult men (n = 198). Using structural equation modeling, we tested hypothesized direct and indirect effects of race/ethnicity, SES, and three psychosocial mediational variables (collective self-efficacy, everyday discrimination, internalized homophobia) on two outcome variables-psychological and social well-being-assessed at 1-year follow-up. Our model indicated that: (1) race/ethnicity and SES were significantly associated with each other and with each psychosocial mediator; (2) higher SES was directly and indirectly associated with both measures of well-being; and (3) collective self-esteem and everyday discrimination mediated the association between SES and both measures of well-being. The model also indicated that racial/ethnic associations with psychological mediators and outcomes are evident in the context of SES, but these effects might be suppressed when the model does not consider SES. Findings highlight the critical role of SES and race/ethnicity in determining the psychological and social well-being of sexual minority men. Specification of mediating variables-collective self-efficacy, everyday discrimination, internalized homophobia-indicates potential intervention targets to improve psychological and social health in sexual minority men. Associations between race/ethnicity and SES support the need for intersectional frameworks in addressing the health of sexual minority men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainier Masa
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sylvia Shangani
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Don Operario
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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Robles G, Sauermilch D, Starks TJ. Self-efficacy, social distancing, and essential worker status dynamics among SGM people. ANNALS OF LGBTQ PUBLIC AND POPULATION HEALTH 2020; 1:300-317. [PMID: 33829212 PMCID: PMC8022856 DOI: 10.1891/lgbtq-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As of October 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has accounted for over 210,000 deaths in the U.S. Sexual and gender minority populations are more likely to work in essential industries while bearing a disproportionate burden of the virus. Constructs consistent with Protection Motivation Theory (perceived severity, vulnerability, self-efficacy, and response efficacy) were measured using an abridged version of Kleczkowski et al.'s 4-factor Protection Motivation Theory Psychological Measures to examine social distancing behaviors of these populations. 32.6% of the sample were essential workers. Greater self-efficacy predicted stricter social distancing behaviors. Non-essential and unemployed worker statuses were associated with increased odds of stricter social distancing behaviors relative to essential worker status. Essential worker status predicted lower self-efficacy. The indirect effect of essential worker status on social distancing through self-efficacy was significant. Findings suggest that interventions that encourage social distancing through enhanced self-efficacy may optimize health for sexual and gender minority essential workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Robles
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. United States
| | | | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY. United States
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY. United States
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18
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Gibb JK, DuBois LZ, Williams S, McKerracher L, Juster RP, Fields J. Sexual and gender minority health vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 health crisis. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23499. [PMID: 32910838 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James K Gibb
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Zachary DuBois
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Williams
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luseadra McKerracher
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Fields
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Buczak-Stec E, König HH, Riedel-Heller SG, Hajek A. Der Anteil sexueller Minoritäten in der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland und potenzielle Assoziation zwischen der sexuellen Orientierung und depressiven Symptomen. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2020; 48:92-98. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1228-6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Beschreibung des Anteils sexueller Minoritäten in der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland und Darstellung einer möglichen Assoziation mit depressiven Symptomen.
Methodik Daten der sechsten Welle (Jahr 2017) des Deutschen Alterssurveys (n = 5133). Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 66,1 Jahre (43–90 Jahre). Die Allgemeine Depressionsskala (Kurzversion, ADS-K) wurde zur Erfassung depressiver Symptome verwendet. Es wurde zwischen Hetero-, Bi- und Homosexuellen unterschieden. In die Analysen haben wir u. a. die folgenden Kovariaten aufgenommen: Alter, Geschlecht, Partnerschaftsstatus, Wohnort, subjektive Gesundheit, körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit (kurze Skala SF-36).
Ergebnisse In der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland identifizieren sich 92,8 % der Individuen als Heterosexuelle, 1,7 % als Bisexuelle, 1,1 % als Homosexuelle und 4,3 % als „Andere“. Bivariat zeigte sich, dass kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen sexueller Orientierung und depressiven Symptomen besteht. In multiplen Regressionsanalysen bestätigte sich dieses Ergebnis.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der sexuellen Orientierung und depressiven Symptomen in der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland besteht.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Buczak-Stec
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Steffi G. Riedel-Heller
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig
| | - André Hajek
- Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Versorgungsforschung, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
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20
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Silva T, Evans CR. Sexual Identification in the United States at the Intersections of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Immigration, and Education. SEX ROLES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-020-01145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Goldberg SK, Conron KJ, Halpern CT. Metabolic Syndrome and Economic Strain Among Sexual Minority Young Adults. LGBT Health 2019; 6:1-8. [PMID: 30650052 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2018.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study tested if sexual orientation is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young adulthood (ages 24-32), and if economic strain impacts associations. METHODS Gender-stratified logistic regressions were fit among 11,575 young adults (1644 sexual minority [SM]) in Wave IV of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. RESULTS MetS was not associated with sexual orientation for either gender, yet economic strain was more prevalent among both SM males and females. Additional MetS risk factors (smoking, binge drinking, and lower education) emerged for SM females. CONCLUSION Although MetS did not differ by sexual orientation, emergent sexual orientation disparities among females suggest increased future risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana K Goldberg
- 1 Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,2 Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kerith J Conron
- 1 Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,3 The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- 1 Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,2 Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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