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Adeomi AA, Lawal NOO. Overweight and obesity among female adolescents in Nigeria; an emerging, but under-reported epidemic. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:302. [PMID: 38773434 PMCID: PMC11106934 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are increasing at epidemic levels in all ages globally, but there is little nationally representative data on female adolescents in Nigeria. The focus on female adolescents is important because of the negative implications of overweight and obesity on their health and survival, and that of their unborn children. AIM To estimate the prevalence and identify the determinants of overweight and obesity among female adolescents in Nigeria. METHODS Cross-sectional study using data from the Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2018. A total of 2,721 female adolescents aged 15-19 years were selected using cluster sampling technique. Overweight and obesity were determined using BMI-for-age reference values of World Health Organization and different explanatory variables at the individual, household and community levels were included. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of overweight/obesity using five models. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 16.8 ± 1.4 years. The prevalence rate of overweight/obesity was 10.2%, but with a large variation in the geographical and socio-economic distribution. At the crude/unadjusted rate, nearly all the explanatory variables showed a statistically significant association with overweight and obesity, but at the full model which controlled for all the explanatory variables, only the household wealth index retained its statistically significant association, such that female adolescents who were from richer and richest households had about 3 times higher odds of being obese compared to those from the poorest households. (OR: 2.7; p = 0.018; CI: 1.18-6.18), (OR: 2.8; p = 0.027; CI: 1.13-7.06) respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight/obesity among female adolescents in Nigeria was 10.2%. The household wealth index remained the only factor with a statistically significant association with overweight and obesity after controlling for confounders. Efforts at addressing overweight and obesity among female adolescents in Nigeria should target those from the richer/richest households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye Abiodun Adeomi
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Ramalan MA, Gezawa ID, Musa BM, Uloko AE, Fakhraddeen YM. Prevalence and trends of adult overweight and obesity in Nigeria - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1-15. [PMID: 36751817 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1903_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity and its attendant complications are on the increase globally-sub-Saharan Africa inclusive. Obesity confers an increased risk of coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, ischemic stroke, and some cancers. In Nigeria, several individual reports estimate an exponential increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Aim In this study, we aimed to estimate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria through a systematic review and meta-analyses. Materials and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format following searches on major search engines, performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Africa Journals Online (AJOL), and the WHO African Index Medicus database. Studies on the subject area conducted from the year 2000 to 2018 were included. The forest plot was used to graphically present the results, while confidence interval at 95% was used to display the rates. Results A total of 77 articles on the prevalence of obesity involving 107, 781 individuals were used in the study. We found a pooled estimate of overweight of 26.0% (95% CI: 23.0-29.0) and that of obesity as 15.0% (95% CI: 13.0-16.0). There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria from the study especially among urban dwellers. Conclusion The prevalence of obesity and overweight in Nigeria is high with a rising trend over the years. A Nigerian national health survey of non-communicable diseases especially the burden of overweight/obesity is recommended to through more light on the subject. There is need for concerted effort to tame the tide of rising obesity rates in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ramalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - I D Gezawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - B M Musa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - A E Uloko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Y M Fakhraddeen
- Department of Medicine, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
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Fooken J, Vo LK. Are stunted child - overweight mother pairs a real defined entity or a statistical artifact? ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 47:101199. [PMID: 36410087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In a methodological contribution, Dieffenbach & Stein (DS) (The Journal of Nutrition, 142(4), 771-773.) concluded that the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), represented by stunted child - overweight mother pairs (SCOM), is a statistical artifact, meaning that SCOM does not describe a unique phenomenon because the observed rates of SCOM across a number of countries were not strongly different from the product of observed rates of maternal overweight (OM) and child stunting (SC), which DS referred to as the expected rate of SCOM. However, a growing literature continues to use SCOM as an indicator of the DBM. This study shows that the analysis by DS is not sufficient to conclude that SCOM can be explained by the co-occurrence of OM and SC due to chance alone because the analysis by DS was conducted at the country level, but applied to SCOM, which is a household-level variable. Using Demographic and Health Surveys data from 202 country-year data sets, we do not confirm important implicit assumptions that are required for the claim by DS to be supported. We also outline that comparing the expected to the observed rate of SCOM is primarily informative when putting it in relation to factors that influence the supply and demand of food consumed by households. When considering these factors, we find further evidence that it is misleading to consider SCOM as a statistical artifact, as the difference between the observed and the expected rate of SCOM significantly differs by household wealth. Recognizing that SCOM is a distinct phenomenon is important for policymakers who develop double-duty strategies that address malnutrition, and for researchers who need useful indicators to study the determinants of malnutrition at the household level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fooken
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Level 5, Sir Llew Edwards Building (#14), Corner of Campbell Rd and University Drive, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Linh K Vo
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Hayajneh AA, Alhusban IM, Rababa M, Al-Rawashdeh S, Al-Sabbah S, Bani-Hamad D. Differences in the number of stented coronary arteries based on the seven traditional obesity parameters among patients with coronary artery diseases undergoing cardiac catheterization. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chukwuonye II, Ohagwu KA, Ogah OS, John C, Oviasu E, Anyabolu EN, Ezeani IU, Iloh GUP, Chukwuonye ME, Raphael CO, Onwuchekwa U, Okafor UH, Oladele C, Obi EC, Okwuonu CG, Iheji O, Nwabuko OC, Nnoli MA, Okpechi IG. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000515. [PMID: 36962450 PMCID: PMC10021772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Nigeria, several studies have assessed the prevalence of overweight/obesity with different reports. The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze these overweight and obesity reports from different locations in Nigeria over the last ten years. In addition, there was a dearth of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prevalence, trends, and demographic characteristics of overweight and obesity in the country. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional population-based studies among adult Nigerians on the prevalence of overweight/ obesity (defined by body mass index) published from January 2010 to December 2020. Relevant abstracts were scrutinized and articles that included adults of all age groups and were not restricted to a particular group of people (e.g. university community) were selected. Each article was scrutinized by more than 2 authors before selection. The prevalence of overweight/obesity among all participants, among men and among women in Nigeria and its 6 geopolitical zones was determined. All analyses were performed using STATA version 14 (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, USA). Thirty-three studies were selected and the number of participants was 37,205. The estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27.6%, and 14.5% respectively. The prevalence of overweight among men and among women was 26.3% and 28.3% respectively and, the prevalence of obesity among men and women was 10.9% and 23.0% respectively. The prevalence of overweight in the 6 geopolitical zones was Southeast 29.3%, Southwest 29.3%, South-south 27.9%, Northwest 27.2%, North-central 25.3%, Northeast 20.0% and obesity South-south 24.7%, Southeast 15.7%, Southwest 13.9%, Northwest 10.4%, North-central 10.2%, Northeast 6.4%. Egger's tests showed no statistically significant publication bias among the studies that reported the overweight and obesity prevalence respectively (p = 0.225, P 0.350). The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Nigeria is high. The southern geopolitical zones had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Arinze Ohagwu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria
- General Medicine and Emergency Care, West Cumberland Hospital, Cumbria, Emgland
| | - Okechukwu Samuel Ogah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Collins John
- Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos, Katon Rikkos, Nigeria
| | - Efosa Oviasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Caleb Ogechi Raphael
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Uwa Onwuchekwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria
| | | | - Clement Oladele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Bida, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Chukwuebuka Obi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Bida, Nigeria
| | | | - Okechukwu Iheji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre Umuahia, Umuahia, Nigeria
| | | | - Martin Anazodo Nnoli
- Department of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ikechi G. Okpechi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Thamrin SA, Arsyad DS, Kuswanto H, Lawi A, Arundhana AI. Obesity Risk-Factor Variation Based on Island Clusters: A Secondary Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050971. [PMID: 35267946 PMCID: PMC8912714 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a rising global health problem affecting quality of life for adults. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of obesity in Indonesian adults based on the cluster of islands. The study also aims to identify the risk factors of obesity in each island cluster. This study analyzes the secondary data of Indonesian Basic Health Research 2018. Data for this analysis comprised 618,910 adults (≥18 years) randomly selected, proportionate to the population size throughout Indonesia. We included 20 variables for the socio-demographic and obesity-related risk factors for analysis. The obesity status was defined using Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Our current study defines 7 major island clusters as the unit analysis consisting of 34 provinces in Indonesia. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the characteristics of the population and to calculate the prevalence of obesity within the provinces in each of the island clusters. Multivariate logistic regression analyses to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) was performed using SPSS version 27. The study results show that all the island clusters have at least one province with an obesity prevalence above the national prevalence (35.4%). Six out of twenty variables, comprising four dietary factors (the consumption of sweet food, high-salt food, meat, and carbonated drinks) and one psychological factor (mental health disorders), varied across the island clusters. In conclusion, there was a variation of obesity prevalence of the provinces within and between island clusters. The variation of risk factors found in each island cluster suggests that a government rethink of the current intervention strategies to address obesity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Astuti Thamrin
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +62-(411)-588-551
| | - Dian Sidik Arsyad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedi Kuswanto
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Armin Lawi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Andi Imam Arundhana
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia;
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
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Lobstein T, Jewell J. What is a "high" prevalence of obesity? Two rapid reviews and a proposed set of thresholds for classifying prevalence levels. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13363. [PMID: 34585495 PMCID: PMC9285557 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Categories such as "low" and "high" have been used for several decades to describe the prevalence of stunting and wasting in populations of children aged under 5 years. They provide support for public health risk assessment and policy-making, including alerting health departments and aid agencies to national trends and local needs. In the light of the need for monitoring progress to meet globally agreed targets for overweight and obesity, the classification of their prevalence will be a valuable to aid in policy development, to target resources, and to promote public health interventions. This paper reviews the current use of categories to describe obesity prevalence in policy, advocacy, and research literature. Where prevalence categories have been formally proposed, this paper compares their application on large-scale datasets. The paper then develops a set of recommended threshold values to classify prevalence levels for overweight and obesity among children under age 5 years, children aged 5-19 years, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lobstein
- Policy Section, World Obesity Federation, London, UK.,The Boden Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jo Jewell
- Nutrition Section, UNICEF, New York, New York, USA
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Zash R, Caniglia EC, Diseko M, Mayondi G, Mabuta J, Luckett R, Hofmeyr GJ, Morroni C, Ramogola‐Masire D, Williams PL, Zera C, Wylie BJ, Makhema J, Lockman S, Shapiro RL. Maternal weight and birth outcomes among women on antiretroviral treatment from conception in a birth surveillance study in Botswana. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25763. [PMID: 34176240 PMCID: PMC8236225 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antiretrovirals such as dolutegravir (DTG) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) have been associated with excessive weight gain. The objective of this study was to understand the potential impact of ART-associated weight gain on pregnancy outcomes among women living with HIV. METHODS Using data from the Tsepamo birth outcomes surveillance study in Botswana, we evaluated the relationship between maternal weight (and weight gain) and severe birth outcomes (very preterm delivery <32 weeks, very small for gestational age (SGA) <3rd percentile, perinatal death), macrosomia (birthweight > 4000 g) and maternal hypertension. We estimated the relative risk of each outcome by baseline weight (first weight in pregnancy <24 weeks) and second trimester average weekly weight gain (kg/week from 12 ± 2 to 24 ± 2 weeks) using log binomial regression and evaluated effect modification by ART regimen (DTG vs. Efavirenz (EFV)). RESULTS Of 22,828 women on ART at conception with singleton deliveries between August 2014 and April 2020, 16,300 (71.4%) had a weight measured <24 weeks' gestation (baseline weight) and 4437 (19.2%) had weight measured both at 12 (±2) weeks and 24 (±2) weeks, allowing second trimester weight gain calculation. Compared to women with baseline weight 60 to 70 kg, low baseline weight (<50 kg) was associated with increased risk of very preterm delivery (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03, 1.65) and very SGA (aRR1.96, 95% CI 1.69, 2.28). High baseline weight (>90 kg) was associated with increased risk of macrosomia (aRR 3.24, 95% CI 2.36, 4.44) and maternal hypertension (aRR 1.79, 95% CI 1.62, 1.97). Baseline weight was not associated with stillbirth or early neonatal death. For all outcomes, second trimester weight gain showed weaker associations than did baseline weight. Duration of pre-pregnancy ART (years) was associated with higher baseline weight for DTG but not for EFV, and the risk of maternal hypertension by baseline weight category was higher for DTG than EFV for all strata. CONCLUSIONS ART regimens associated with weight gain may reduce the number of women at risk for certain severe adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with low weight but increase the number at risk of macrosomia and maternal hypertension. Further research could determine whether weight-based ART treatment strategies improve maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Zash
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Modiegi Diseko
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
| | - Gloria Mayondi
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
| | - Judith Mabuta
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
| | - Rebecca Luckett
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- University of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana
| | | | - Chelsea Morroni
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | | | | | - Chloe Zera
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Roger L Shapiro
- Botswana‐Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
- Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
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Glycemic Control of Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Referral Hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6691819. [PMID: 33532494 PMCID: PMC7834781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6691819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Glycemic control is the level of glucose in diabetes patient. Evidence regarding glycemic control is scarce in resource-limited settings, and this study was conducted to generate information regarding the prevalence and predictors of glycemic control among diabetes mellitus patients attending their care from the referral hospitals of the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was implemented. A simple random sampling technique was used. Data were collected from March 2018 to January 2020. The data were collected using interviews, chart review, and blood samples. Hemoglobin A1c was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were entered into Epi-info software and analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of glycemic control; linear regression was used to identify the predictors of HbA1c. Results A total of 2554 diabetes patients were included giving for the response rate of 95.83%. The mean age of the study participants was 54.08 years [SD (standard deviation) ± 8.38 years]. The mean HbA1c of the study participants was 7.31% [SD ± 0.94%]. Glycemic control was poor in 55.32% [95% CI: 53.4%-57.25%] of diabetes patients. The glycemic control of diabetes patients was determined by BMI (β 0.1; [95% CI: 0.09-0.1]), type 2 diabetes (β -0.14; [95% CI: -0.11-0.16]), age (β 0.22; [95% CI: 0.02-0.024]), duration of the disease (β 0.04; [95% CI: 0.037-0.042]), the presence of hypertension (β 0.12; [95% CI:0.09-0.16]), regular physical exercise (β -0.06; [95% CI: -0.03-0.09]), medication adherence (β -0.16; [95% CI: -0.14-0.18]), and male (β 0.34; [95% CI: 0.31-.037]). Conclusion The glycemic control of diabetes patients was poor, and it needs the attention of decision-makers.
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Chigbu CO, Berger U, Aniebue U, Parhofer KG. Physical Activity and Outdoor Leisure Time Physical Exercise: A Population Study of Correlates and Hindrances in a Resource-Constrained African Setting. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1791-1799. [PMID: 33293822 PMCID: PMC7719310 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s281518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study evaluated the burden of physical inactivity, its correlates, and the self-reported hindrances to outdoor leisure-time physical exercises in Enugu Nigeria. It also evaluated the prevalence of leisure-time outdoor physical exercise and its correlates in Enugu Nigeria. Patient and Methods This is a cross-sectional household survey involving 6628 individuals aged 20 to 60 years from 2848 households in Enugu Nigeria. Binary logistic regression and multinomial regression analyses were carried out as appropriate. Estimates were weighted to account for the actual population distribution of important sociodemographic variables and reported with the 95% confidence interval. Results The burden of physical inactivity was 32.68% (95% CI: 31.24–34.12%). Urban dwellers were less likely to be physically active than rural dwellers (AOR = 0.477; 95% CI = 0.410–0.555). For each year increase in age, the odds of being physically active decreases by a factor of 0.993 (AOR = 0.993; 95% CI= 0.988–0.998). Gender, income level and education did not predict physical inactivity. Physical inactivity significantly increases the odds of being obese by a factor of 1.428 (AOR: 1.428; 95% CI: 1.190–1.714). Only 6.45% (95% CI: 5.82%-7.09%) participants reported at least once a week outdoor leisure-time physical exercise. The major barriers include lack of time and lack of interest in outdoor leisure-time physical exercise. Conclusion The burden of physical inactivity is high, while the level of outdoor physical exercise is low in Enugu, Nigeria. Urban dwelling and increasing age are risk factors for physical inactivity. Living in urban areas, being less than 40 years of age, having a university education, and a high personal income are factors that positively drive outdoor leisure-time physical exercises. Policies that will promote awareness of the health benefits of physical activity and outdoor physical exercise are needed if Nigeria is to achieve the global mandate of reducing physical inactivity by 10% in the year 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuike Ogwuegbu Chigbu
- CIH LMU Center for International Health, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ursula Berger
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uzochukwu Aniebue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Klaus Georg Parhofer
- Department of Medicine 4-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults using structural equation model: mediation effect of physical activity and dietary pattern. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1561-1571. [PMID: 31650388 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the indirect effect of risk factors associated with overweight and obesity through physical activity (PA) and dietary pattern (DP), using structural equation model in the adults' population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,000 adults from baseline data of Ravansar Non Communicable Disease cohort study, in the west region of Iran in 2018. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the causal effects of associated factors on obesity and overweight as the outcome. RESULTS In general, the population at higher economic level was significantly more dependent on the healthy DP. The direct effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on overweight and obesity was - 0.070, the indirect effect was 0.127, and the total effect was 0.057. When stratified by gender, in women, SES had a weak direct effect (β = 0.024) and indirectly, through the variables of PA and DP, had a significant effect (β = 0.088) on the outcome. The same situation has been observed in men. That is a weak direct effect of SES (β = 0.070) and a significantly indirect effect, through three variables such as PA, DP, and smoking status, on the outcome. CONCLUSION Factors associated with overweight and obesity not only by direct effect, but also can indirectly and through mediators (such as DP and PA as two important mediation variables) cause this outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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12
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Darbandi M, Najafi F, Pasdar Y, Rezaeian S. Structural equation model analysis for the evaluation of factors associated with overweight and obesity in menopausal women in RaNCD cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:208-215. [PMID: 31895176 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight gain and increased body fat mass are among the common complications of menopause. In addition to hormonal changes, behavioral and environmental factors aggravate transition through this phase. This study uses a structural equation model (SEM) to evaluate factors associated with overweight and obesity in menopausal women. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 4,471 women (pre/perimenopausal 3,150, menopausal 1,321) from baseline data of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study in the west region of Iran in 2018. Obesity and overweight were the outcome variables. SEM was used to examine the relationships, using IBM SPSS, AMOS version 23. RESULTS The mean body fat percentage and visceral fat area in menopausal women was significantly greater than among pre/perimenopause women. The direct association of higher socioeconomic status (SES) with a healthy dietary pattern was stronger among pre/perimenopausal women than among menopausal women (ß = 0.574 vs ß = 0.552). In both groups, less physical activity was associated with depression and musculoskeletal disorders, and this association was stronger in menopausal women (ß = -0.174 vs ß = -0.215; P > 0.05). Overweight and obesity were directly decreased (ß = -0.011, P > 0.05) and indirectly increased (ß = 0.013, P > 0.05) in pre/perimenopausal women by sleep duration, but they were directly and indirectly decreased in menopausal women. CONCLUSIONS The direct and indirect effects of well-known risk factors associated with overweight and obesity were found to be different in pre/perimenopausal and menopausal groups. Some risk factors showed stronger effects among menopausal women compared with the pre/perimenopausal women. Physical activity and healthy dietary pattern had a mediator impact in the two study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Darbandi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Chen X, Xi H, Ji L, Liu W, Shi F, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Sui X, Wang X, Zhang H, Liu H, Li D. Relationships between menstrual status and obesity phenotypes in women: a cross-sectional study in northern China. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:91. [PMID: 32571278 PMCID: PMC7310131 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of most important concerns of postmenopausal women is obesity. The relationships between menstruation status and obesity phenotypes are unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations between menstrual status and different obesity phenotypes in women. METHODS In total, 5373 women aged ≥40 years were recruited from the Jidong and Kailuan communities. Basic information was collected via clinical examination, laboratory testing and standardized questionnaires. The women were stratified into the following three groups: menstrual period, menopausal transition period and postmenopausal period. General obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥28 kg/m2. Central obesity was defined as a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of > 0.85. Visceral obesity was defined as the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased pericardial fat volume (PFV). RESULTS The numbers of women in the menstrual, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal periods were 2807 (52.2%), 675 (12.6%) and 1891 (35.2%), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for central obesity among women in the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods compared with women in the menstrual period were 0.99 (0.82-1.19) and 1.52 (1.26-1.84), respectively. The OR for NAFLD among postmenopausal women was 1.78 (1.44-2.20). The adjusted β-coefficient (standard error, SE) for PFV among postmenopausal women was 41.25 (7.49). The adjusted OR for general obesity among postmenopausal women was 1.01 (0.77-1.34). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that menopause is an independent risk factor for central and visceral obesity but not general obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Ji
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengxue Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenran Zhang
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinxia Sui
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of public health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.
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Nichani V, Turley L, Vena JE, McCormack GR. Associations between the neighbourhood characteristics and body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Health Place 2020; 64:102357. [PMID: 32479266 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study estimated the associations between neighbourhood characteristics and self-reported body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) risk categories among Canadian men and women. Using data from the Alberta's Tomorrow Project (n = 14,550), we estimated 3- and 4-way intersections, business destinations, population count, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within a 400 m radius of participant's home. Intersections, business destinations, and population count (z-scores) were summed to create a walkability score. Four-way intersections and walkability were negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Walkability was negatively associated with obesity. NDVI was negatively associated with high-risk WHR and population count and walkability positively associated with high-risk WHR. Among men, population count and walkability were negatively associated with obesity, and business destinations and walkability were negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Among women, NDVI was negatively associated with overweight (including obesity), obesity, and high-risk WC. Interventions promoting healthy weight could incorporate strategies that take into consideration local built environment characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Nichani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd Floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Liam Turley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd Floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd Floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada; Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2T 5C7, Canada.
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, TRW 3rd Floor, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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