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Qi Y, Zhang C, Zhou M, Zhang R, Chen Y, Li C. Association between social media use and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:430. [PMID: 39394184 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese during the COVID-19 pandemic is unclear, and the contribution of social media use to depressive symptoms in this population has not been studied. To address the gaps, we analyzed data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, nationally representative biannual surveys among adults aged ≥45 years. Social media use and depressive symptoms were measured in the 2018 and 2020 surveys. We tested longitudinal associations between baseline (2018) social media activities and risk of depressive symptoms in two years among 9121 participants without depressive symptoms. We also evaluated whether social media activity could reduce depressive symptoms during this period among 5302 individuals with depressive symptoms at baseline. Depressive symptoms affected 36·0% of this population in 2020. Women, individuals living in rural areas, and residents of western China provinces were particularly affected. Among participants without depressive symptoms, engaging in social media activities at baseline was associated with a 24.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10-36%) lower likelihood of developing depressive symptoms over the next two years. Among depressed participants, compared to individuals not using social media, those initiating three or more social media activities during this period had 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05-1.46) times higher chance of becoming non-depressed, and those using social media all the time were 1·36 (95% CI: 1·09-1·72) times more likely to become non-depressed. In conclusion, middle-aged and older Chinese adults have a substantial burden of depressive symptoms, and social media activities may help to prevent and reduce the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Qi
- Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Big Data for Health Care Management, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenghe Zhang
- Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yuxiao Chen
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, O'Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Karhu J, Veijola J, Hintsanen M. The bidirectional relationships of optimism and pessimism with depressive symptoms in adulthood - A 15-year follow-up study from Northern Finland Birth Cohorts. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:468-476. [PMID: 39013521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low optimism and high pessimism have predicted depressive symptoms in several studies, but the associations in the other direction, from depressive symptoms to future optimism and pessimism, have been unexplored. We examined bidirectional associations of optimism and pessimism with depressive symptoms in adulthood. METHODS A population-based sample of 4011 Finnish adults (55 % women) was analyzed with a 15-year prospective follow-up period from age 31 to age 46. Optimism and pessimism were measured with the Life Orientation Test-Revised, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Symptom Checklist-25. Temporal associations were investigated with cross-lagged panel models. RESULTS According to the model fit indices (RMSEA < 0.04, CFI ≥ 0.97) optimism and pessimism had bidirectional relationships with depressive symptoms: optimism predicted lower depressive symptoms (β = -0.09, p < .001), and depressive symptoms predicted lower optimism (β = -0.10, p < .001) in the follow-up. Also, pessimism predicted higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.08, p < .001), and depressive symptoms predicted higher pessimism (β = 0.09, p < .001) in the follow-up. In the participants with clinically high depressive symptoms at age 31, the predictive associations from optimism and pessimism to depressive symptoms remained, but associations in the other direction were attenuated. LIMITATIONS The follow-up study included only two time points with a 15-year time gap, which does not consider the possible fluctuation in the study variables between the measured times. CONCLUSION Dispositional optimism and pessimism may have bidirectional relationships with depressive symptoms in adulthood when the baseline depressive symptoms are below the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Karhu
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000 (Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan katu 1), 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Veijola
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu & University Hospital of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 2000 (Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan katu 1), 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Marchi M, Alkema A, Xia C, Thio CHL, Chen LY, Schalkwijk W, Galeazzi GM, Ferrari S, Pingani L, Kweon H, Evans-Lacko S, David Hill W, Boks MP. Investigating the impact of poverty on mental illness in the UK Biobank using Mendelian randomization. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1771-1783. [PMID: 38987359 PMCID: PMC11420075 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
It is unclear whether poverty and mental illness are causally related. Using UK Biobank and Psychiatric Genomic Consortium data, we examined evidence of causal links between poverty and nine mental illnesses (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anorexia nervosa, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia). We applied genomic structural equation modelling to derive a poverty common factor from household income, occupational income and social deprivation. Then, using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that schizophrenia and ADHD causally contribute to poverty, while poverty contributes to major depressive disorder and schizophrenia but decreases the risk of anorexia nervosa. Poverty may also contribute to ADHD, albeit with uncertainty due to unbalanced pleiotropy. The effects of poverty were reduced by approximately 30% when we adjusted for cognitive ability. Further investigations of the bidirectional relationships between poverty and mental illness are warranted, as they may inform efforts to improve mental health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Marchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Alkema
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charley Xia
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris H L Thio
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Li-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Winni Schalkwijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gian M Galeazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Pingani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Hyeokmoon Kweon
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - W David Hill
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Dimence Institute for Specialized Mental Health Care, Dimence Group, Deventer, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Zhu X, Yue Y, Li L, Zhu L, Cai Y, Shu Y. The relationship between depression and relative fat mass (RFM): A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:323-328. [PMID: 38614443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative fat mass (RFM) is a novel indicator for measuring body fat. The relationship between RFM and depression was explored using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2018. METHODS A general statistical description of the population included in the study was performed, and logistic analyses were used to explore the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), RFM and depression. Sensitivity analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were also conducted to investigate the association between RFM and depression. RESULTS A total of 28,836 participants were included in the study. In multivariate models, all obesity indices were associated with depression (P < 0.001). An increase of 1 SD in BMI, WC, and RFM was associated with a respective increased risk of depression of 2.3 %, 1.0 %, and 3.3 %. Excluding those taking antidepressants, the risk of depression was OR 1.88 (95 % CI: 1.26-2.79) for those with RFM in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile. After Inverse probability of weighting (IPW), the risk of depression in individuals with RFM in the highest quartile compared with individuals in the lowest quartile was 2.62 (95 % CI: 2.21-3.09). The RCS showed a possible nonlinear relationship between RFM and depression. CONCLUSIONS RFM is associated with depression, suggesting that attention to RFM may be helpful for depression research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ya Yue
- Department of Psychiatry of Women and Children, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Deyang City mental Health Center, Deyang, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Medical Section, The Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Yuexi Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Changzhou Dean Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yanping Shu
- Department of Psychiatry of Women and Children, The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.
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Rhead R, Wels J, Moltrecht B, Shaw RJ, Silverwood R, Zhu J, Hughes A, Chaturvedi N, Demou E, Katikireddi SV, Ploubidis G. Long COVID and financial outcomes: evidence from four longitudinal population surveys. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024; 78:458-465. [PMID: 38508701 PMCID: PMC11187380 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID) include muscle weakness, fatigue, breathing difficulties and sleep disturbance over weeks or months. Using UK longitudinal data, we assessed the relationship between long COVID and financial disruption. METHODS We estimated associations between long COVID (derived using self-reported length of COVID-19 symptoms) and measures of financial disruption (subjective financial well-being, new benefit claims, changes in household income) by analysing data from four longitudinal population studies, gathered during the first year of the pandemic. We employed modified Poisson regression in a pooled analysis of the four cohorts adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including pre-pandemic (pre-long COVID) factors. RESULTS Among the 20 112 observations across four population surveys, 13% reported having COVID-19 with symptoms that impeded their ability to function normally-10.7% had such symptoms for <4 weeks (acute COVID-19), 1.2% had such symptoms for 4-12 weeks (ongoing symptomatic COVID-19) and 0.6% had such symptoms for >12 weeks (post-COVID-19 syndrome). We found that post-COVID-19 syndrome was associated with worse subjective financial well-being (adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs)=1.57, 95% CI=1.25, 1.96) and new benefit claims (aRRR=1.79, CI=1.27, 2.53). Associations were broadly similar across sexes and education levels. These results were not meaningfully altered when scaled to represent the population by age. CONCLUSIONS Long COVID was associated with financial disruption in the UK. If our findings reflect causal effects, extending employment protection and financial support to people with long COVID may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacques Wels
- University College London, London, UK
- BE, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Richard John Shaw
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jingmin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alun Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - George Ploubidis
- Centre of Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, UK
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6
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Yang HJ, Cheng Y, Yu TS, Cheng WJ. Association Between Retirement Age and Incidence of Depressive Disorders: A 19-Year Population-Based Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:166-177. [PMID: 37838542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of depressive disorders spanning the transition to retirement, and explore the relationship between retirement age and depressive disorders. METHODS We utilized a national population-based health insurance database encompassing 2 million Taiwanese individuals from 2000 to 2019. The study focused on individuals aged 50 years and older who were employed at the baseline, and 84,224 individuals had records of retirement during the follow-up period. Depressive disorders were identified using codes from the International Classification of Diseases. To assess the trend in the incidence of depressive disorders 7-year period before and after retirement, an interrupted time series analysis was performed. Cox-proportional hazard models were employed to investigate the association between retirement age and the occurrence of depressive disorders following retirement. RESULTS The incidence of depression peaks at the time of retirement and shows a significant decrease after retirement. Incidence of depressive disorders was 6.4 and 7.6 per 1000 person-years among individuals who retired between the ages of 60-64 and 65-69. Comparing the two groups, those who retired between 65 and 69 exhibits a higher risk of developing depressive disorders (hazard ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.18). This association is particularly pronounced among women and individuals residing in areas with low urbanization levels. CONCLUSION Retirement marks a crucial life milestone accompanied by a peak in depressive disorders. It is important to address the higher risk of depression associated with late retirement among socially disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ju Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine (H-JY), Jen Ai Dali Branch, Dali, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yawen Cheng
- Institute of Health Policy and Management (YC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Shun Yu
- Management Office for Health Data (T-SY), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine (T-SY), China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Cheng
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research (W-JC), National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry (W-JC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health (W-JC), China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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de Souza PB, de Araujo Borba L, Castro de Jesus L, Valverde AP, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16870. [PMID: 38069198 PMCID: PMC10706777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high prevalence and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. This psychiatric disorder results from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, the role of the gut microbiota in brain health has received particular attention, and compelling evidence has shown that patients suffering from depression have gut dysbiosis. Several studies have reported that gut dysbiosis-induced inflammation may cause and/or contribute to the development of depression through dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Indeed, as a consequence of gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammatory alterations caused by microglial activation together with impairments in neuroplasticity may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. The modulation of the gut microbiota has been recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of MMD. In this regard, physical exercise has been shown to positively change microbiota composition and diversity, and this can underlie, at least in part, its antidepressant effects. Given this, the present review will explore the relationship between physical exercise, gut microbiota and depression, with an emphasis on the potential of physical exercise as a non-invasive strategy for modulating the gut microbiota and, through this, regulating the gut-brain axis and alleviating MDD-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Borges de Souza
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Louise Castro de Jesus
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Ana Paula Valverde
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
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Perkins JD, Abdelmoneim MS, Wilkins SS, Kamran S, Mesraoua B, Melikyan G, Alrabi A, El-Bardissy A, Elalamy O, Al Hail HJ. Dosage, time, and polytherapy dependent effects of different levetiracetam regimens on cognitive function. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 148:109453. [PMID: 37783028 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment is a potential drawback of antiseizure medications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different levetiracetam drug regimens on cognitive function. METHODS A retrospective analysis identified 221 patients diagnosed with seizures who underwent cognitive screening. Patients were categorized into four groups: no medications, non-levetiracetam medications, high and low dose levetiracetam. Composite scores determined low and high levetiracetam groups whereby one point was added for each increment in dosage, duration since uptake, and concurrent anti-seizure medication. Variables known to affect cognition were recorded and classified as demographic, seizure-related, diagnosis-related, and psychopathology. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with cognitive scores below cut-off. RESULTS Multivariable analysis found being male, non-active in the community, less than 12 years of education, left temporal lobe epilepsy, high seizure frequency, and depression were associated with poor cognitive performance. In a final regression analysis, the high levetiracetam group exhibited a 4.5-fold higher likelihood of scoring below cut-off than the medication-free group (OR 4.5, CI 1.5-13.6, p<.08). Depression (OR 2.1, CI 1.1-3.9, p<.03), being male (OR 2.2, CI 1.1-4.3, p<.02), and not being active in the community (OR 3.8, 1.6-8.7, p <.003) remained significant contributors to the model. Language (p<.05), attention (p<.05), and delayed recall (p<.001) were the most affected cognitive domains. SIGNIFICANCE When taken in small doses, for brief periods as monotherapy, levetiracetam minimally influences cognition. At higher doses, as part of long-term seizure management, in conjunction with multiple ASMs, LEV is associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Davis Perkins
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; PMARC, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. UK.
| | | | - Stacy Schantz Wilkins
- Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Saadat Kamran
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Boulenouar Mesraoua
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gayane Melikyan
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Osama Elalamy
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Xu Q, Cai M, Ji Y, Ma J, Liu J, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Guo L, Xue K, Wang Z, Liu M, Wang C, Zhu D, Liu F. Identifying the mediating role of socioeconomic status on the relationship between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:53. [PMID: 37644044 PMCID: PMC10465573 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Depressive disorder prevalence in patients with schizophrenia has been reported to be 40%. People with low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to suffer from schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the causal relationship between schizophrenia and depression and the potential mediating role of SES remains unclear. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between schizophrenia and MDD with the largest sample size of European ancestry from public genome-wide association studies (sample size ranged from 130,644 to 480,359). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis, and several canonical MR methods were used as validation analyses. The mediating role of SES (educational years, household income, employment status, and Townsend deprivation index) was estimated by the two-step MR method. MR analyses showed that genetically predicted schizophrenia was associated with an increased risk of MDD (IVW odds ratio [OR] = 1.137 [95% CI 1.095, 1.181]). Reversely, MDD was also associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia (IVW OR = 1.323 [95% CI 1.118, 1.565]). The mediation analysis via the two-step MR method revealed that the causal effect of schizophrenia on MDD was partly mediated by the Townsend deprivation index with a proportion of 10.27%, but no significant mediation effect was found of SES on the causal effect of MDD on schizophrenia. These results suggest a robust bidirectional causal effect between schizophrenia and MDD. Patients with schizophrenia could benefit from the early and effective intervention of the Townsend deprivation index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengjing Cai
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanwei Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yayuan Chen
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lining Guo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaizhong Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Marx W, Penninx BWJH, Solmi M, Furukawa TA, Firth J, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37620370 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, recurrent thoughts of death, and physical and cognitive symptoms. People with MDD can have reduced quality of life owing to the disorder itself as well as related medical comorbidities, social factors, and impaired functional outcomes. MDD is a complex disorder that cannot be fully explained by any one single established biological or environmental pathway. Instead, MDD seems to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, psychological and biological factors. Treatment for MDD commonly involves pharmacological therapy with antidepressant medications, psychotherapy or a combination of both. In people with severe and/or treatment-resistant MDD, other biological therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy, may also be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- On Track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Arai Y, Okanishi T, Noma H, Kanai S, Kawaguchi T, Sunada H, Fujimoto A, Maegaki Y. Prognostic factors for employment outcomes in patients with a history of childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1173126. [PMID: 37576149 PMCID: PMC10419209 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1173126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The employment outcomes of childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has not been studied enough. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to investigate the employment outcomes of childhood-onset DRE in June 2022 and identify the risk factors associated with non-employment. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 65 participants ≥18 years of age with a history of childhood-onset DRE. Fifty participants (77%) were salaried employees and 15 participants (23%) were non-employed. Clinical and psychosocial information were evaluated for calculating the relative risk (RR) of non-employment. Results Regarding medical factors, lower IQ [RR, 0.645; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.443-0.938; p = 0.022] was positively associated with employment. In contrast, age at follow-up (RR, 1.046; 95% CI, 1.009-1.085; p = 0.014); number of ASMs at follow-up (RR, 1.517; 95% CI, 1.081-2.129; p = 0.016); use of medications such as phenobarbital (RR, 3.111; 95% CI, 1.383-6.997; p = 0.006), levetiracetam (RR, 2.471; 95% CI, 1.056-5.782; p = 0.037), and topiramate (RR, 3.576; 95% CI, 1.644-7.780; p = 0.001) were negatively associated with employment. Regarding psychosocial factor, initial workplace at employment support facilities (RR, 0.241; 95% CI, 0.113-0.513; p < 0.001) was positively associated with employment. In contrast, complication of psychiatric disorder symptoms (RR, 6.833; 95% CI, 2.141-21.810; p = 0.001) was negatively associated with employment. Regarding educational factor, graduating schools of special needs education (RR, 0.148; 95% CI, 0.061-0.360; p < 0.001) was positively associated with employment. Conclusions Specific medical, psychosocial, and educational factors may influence the employment outcomes of childhood-onset DRE. Paying attention to ASMs' side effects, adequately preventing the complications of psychiatric disorder symptoms, and providing an environment suitable for each patient condition would promote a fine working status for people with childhood-onset DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Arai
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Kanai
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawaguchi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunada
- Advanced Medicine, Innovation and Clinical Research Center, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ayataka Fujimoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maegaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Thi Ngoc Pham A, Chang HC, Malau IA, Chiu WC, Huang KC, Chang JPC, Tang CH, Su KP. Change of employment status in patients with depression - A longitudinal study using national claims data. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 84:103595. [PMID: 37099922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Depression increases an individual's risk of work disability, sick leave, unemployment, and early retirement. This population-based study identified 3673 depressive patients utilizing national claim data from Taiwan and aimed to investigate changes in employment status among depressive patients, compared to matched controls, with the longest observation of up to 12 years. This study found depressive patients had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.24 for changing to non-income earners compared to controls. Moreover, younger age, lower payroll bracket, urbanity, and geographical area were associated with increased risk among patients with depression. Despite these increased risks, most depressive patients remained employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thi Ngoc Pham
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Hui-Chih Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ikbal Andrian Malau
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cherh Huang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiun Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Santi NS, Biswal SB, Naik BN, Sahoo JP, Rath B. An Interim Analysis of a Randomized, Open-Label Study of Vilazodone, Escitalopram, or Vortioxetine for Major Depressive Disorder. Cureus 2023; 15:e37858. [PMID: 37213947 PMCID: PMC10199330 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The troubling issues of conventional antidepressants are inadequate disease remission and potential adverse effects. There is a dearth of research findings comparing vilazodone, escitalopram, and vortioxetine. The objective of this analysis is to determinechanges in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scoresand the incidence of adverse events at 12 weeks. METHODS This is an exploratory interim analysis of a randomized, three-arm, open-label ongoing study. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either vilazodone (20-40 mg/d), escitalopram (10-20 mg/d), or vortioxetine (5-20 mg/d). Efficacy and safety assessments were done at baseline, four weeks, eight weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS Forty-nine(69%) of the 71 enrolled participants (mean age 43.9±12.2 years; 37 men (52%)) completed the 12-week follow-up. At baseline, the three groups' median HDRS scores were 30.0, 29.5, and 29.0 (p=0.76), respectively, and at 12 weeks, they amounted to 19.5, 19.5, and 18.0 (p=0.18), respectively. At baseline, group-wise median MADRS scores were 36, 36, and 36, respectively (p=0.79); at 12 weeks, they were 24, 24, and 23, respectively (p=0.03). In the post-hoc analysis, the inter-group comparison of the change in HDRS (p = 0.02) and MADRS (p = 0.06) scores from baseline did not reach statistical significance. No participants experienced serious adverse events. CONCLUSION In this initial assessment of a continuing study, vortioxetine exhibited a clinically (not statistically) significant drop in HDRS and MADRS scores, compared to vilazodone and escitalopram. The antidepressant effects need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Simple Santi
- Pharmacology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, IND
| | - Sashi Bhusan Biswal
- Pharmacology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, IND
| | - Birendra Narayan Naik
- Psychiatry, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, IND
| | | | - Bhabagrahi Rath
- Pharmacology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, IND
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Xu X, Mishra GD, Holt-Lunstad J, Jones M. Social relationship satisfaction and accumulation of chronic conditions and multimorbidity: a national cohort of Australian women. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e100925. [PMID: 36844964 PMCID: PMC9950967 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social relationships are associated with mortality and chronic conditions. However, little is known about the effects of social relationship satisfaction on multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity). Aims To examine whether social relationship satisfaction is associated with the accumulation of multimorbidity. Methods Data from 7 694 Australian women who were free from 11 chronic conditions at 45-50 years of age in 1996 were analysed. Five types of social relationship satisfaction (partner, family members, friends, work and social activities) were measured approximately every 3 years and scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 3 (very satisfied). Scores from each relationship type were summed to provide an overall satisfaction score (range: ≤5-15). The outcome of interest was the accumulation of multimorbidity in 11 chronic conditions. Results Over a 20-year period, 4 484 (58.3%) women reported multimorbidities. Overall, the level of social relationship satisfaction had a dose-response relationship with the accumulation of multimorbidities. Compared with women reporting the highest satisfaction (score 15), women with the lowest satisfaction (score ≤5) had the highest odds of accumulating multimorbidity (odds ratio (OR)= 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.94 to 2.83) in the adjusted model. Similar results were observed for each social relationship type. Other risk factors, such as socioeconomic, behavioural and menopausal status, together explained 22.72% of the association. Conclusions Social relationship satisfaction is associated with the accumulation of multimorbidity, and the relationship is only partly explained by socioeconomic, behavioural and reproductive factors. Social connections (eg, satisfaction with social relationships) should be considered a public health priority in chronic disease prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xu
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gita D Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julianne Holt-Lunstad
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Mark Jones
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Menta G, Lepinteur A, Clark AE, Ghislandi S, D'Ambrosio C. Maternal genetic risk for depression and child human capital. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 87:102718. [PMID: 36565586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We here address the causal relationship between the maternal genetic risk for depression and child human capital using UK birth-cohort data. We find that an increase of one standard deviation (SD) in the maternal polygenic risk score for depression reduces their children's cognitive and non-cognitive skill scores by 5 to 7% of a SD throughout adolescence. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests addressing, among others, concerns about pleiotropy and dynastic effects. Our Gelbach decomposition analysis suggests that the strongest mediator is genetic nurture (through maternal depression itself), with genetic inheritance playing only a marginal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Menta
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), Luxembourg
| | | | - Andrew E Clark
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; Paris School of Economics - CNRS, France
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