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Viswanathan S, Sandeep Oza P, Bellad A, Uttarilli A. Conotruncal Heart Defects: A Narrative Review of Molecular Genetics, Genomics Research and Innovation. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:324-346. [PMID: 38986083 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are most prevalent cardiac defects that occur at birth, leading to significant neonatal mortality and morbidity, especially in the developing nations. Among the CHDs, conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are particularly noteworthy, comprising a significant portion of congenital cardiac anomalies. While advances in imaging and surgical techniques have improved the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of CTDs, their molecular genetics and genomic substrates remain incompletely understood. This expert review covers the recent advances from January 2016 onward and examines the complexities surrounding the genetic etiologies, prevalence, embryology, diagnosis, and clinical management of CTDs. We also emphasize the known copy number variants and single nucleotide variants associated with CTDs, along with the current planetary health research efforts aimed at CTDs in large cohort studies. In all, this comprehensive narrative review of molecular genetics and genomics research and innovation on CTDs draws from and highlights selected works from around the world and offers new ideas for advances in CTD diagnosis, precision medicine interventions, and accurate assessment of prognosis and recurrence risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Viswanathan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Sandeep Oza
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anikha Bellad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha Uttarilli
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Amor-Salamanca A, Santana Rodríguez A, Rasoul H, Rodríguez-Palomares JF, Moldovan O, Hey TM, Delgado MG, Cuenca DL, de Castro Campos D, Basurte-Elorz MT, Macías-Ruiz R, Fuentes Cañamero ME, Galvin J, Bilbao Quesada R, de la Higuera Romero L, Trujillo-Quintero JP, García-Cruz LM, Cárdenas-Reyes I, Jiménez-Jáimez J, García-Hernández S, Valverde-Gómez M, Gómez-Díaz I, Limeres Freire J, García-Pinilla JM, Gimeno-Blanes JR, Savattis K, García-Pavía P, Ochoa JP. Role of TBX20 Truncating Variants in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Noncompaction. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004404. [PMID: 38353104 PMCID: PMC11019988 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 40% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have a pathogenic/likely pathogenic genetic variant identified. TBX20 has been linked to congenital heart defects; although an association with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and DCM has been proposed, it is still considered a gene with limited evidence for these phenotypes. This study sought to investigate the association between the TBX20 truncating variant (TBX20tv) and DCM/LVNC. METHODS TBX20 was sequenced by next-generation sequencing in 7463 unrelated probands with a diagnosis of DCM or LVNC, 22 773 probands of an internal comparison group (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, channelopathies, or aortic diseases), and 124 098 external controls (individuals from the gnomAD database). Enrichment of TBX20tv in DCM/LVNC was calculated, cosegregation was determined in selected families, and clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed in carriers. RESULTS TBX20tv was enriched in DCM/LVNC (24/7463; 0.32%) compared with internal (1/22 773; 0.004%) and external comparison groups (4/124 098; 0.003%), with odds ratios of 73.23 (95% CI, 9.90-541.45; P<0.0001) and 99.76 (95% CI, 34.60-287.62; P<0.0001), respectively. TBX20tv was cosegregated with DCM/LVNC phenotype in 21 families for a combined logarythm of the odds score of 4.53 (strong linkage). Among 57 individuals with TBX20tv (49.1% men; mean age, 35.9±20.8 years), 41 (71.9%) exhibited DCM/LVNC, of whom 14 (34.1%) had also congenital heart defects. After a median follow-up of 6.9 (95% CI, 25-75:3.6-14.5) years, 9.7% of patients with DCM/LVNC had end-stage heart failure events and 4.8% experienced malignant ventricular arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS TBX20tv is associated with DCM/LVNC; congenital heart defect is also present in around one-third of cases. TBX20tv-associated DCM/LVNC is characterized by a nonaggressive phenotype, with a low incidence of major cardiovascular events. TBX20 should be considered a definitive gene for DCM and LVNC and routinely included in genetic testing panels for these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Amor-Salamanca
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code SL, A Coruña, Spain (A.A.-S., L.d.l.H.R., I.C.-R., S.G.-H., M.V.-G., I.G.-D., J.P.O.)
| | - Alfredo Santana Rodríguez
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (A.S.R., L.M.G.-C.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (A.S.R., L.M.G.-C.)
| | - Hazhee Rasoul
- Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (H.R., K.S.)
| | - José F. Rodríguez-Palomares
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Cardiology Department, Vall d′Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.F.R.-P., J.L.F.)
- Vall d′Hebron Rsrch Unit, Barcelona, Spain (J.F.R.-P.)
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Spain (J.F.R.-P., J.P.T.-Q.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (J.F.R.-P., M.G.D., J.M.G.-P., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.F.R.-P., J.L.F., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
| | - Oana Moldovan
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Department de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal (O.M.)
| | - Thomas Morris Hey
- Department of Cardiology, The Clinic of Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H.)
| | - María Gallego Delgado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (J.F.R.-P., M.G.D., J.M.G.-P., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain (M.G.D.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Spain (M.G.D.)
| | - David López Cuenca
- Department of Cardiology, Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (D.L.C., J.R.G.-B.)
| | - Daniel de Castro Campos
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain (D.d.C.C., P.G.-P., J.P.O.)
| | | | - Rosa Macías-Ruiz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (R.M.-R., J.J.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS-GRANADA), Spain (R.M.-R., J.J.-J.)
| | | | - Joseph Galvin
- Department of Cardiology, University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Ireland (J.G.)
| | | | - Luis de la Higuera Romero
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code SL, A Coruña, Spain (A.A.-S., L.d.l.H.R., I.C.-R., S.G.-H., M.V.-G., I.G.-D., J.P.O.)
| | - Juan Pablo Trujillo-Quintero
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Spain (J.F.R.-P., J.P.T.-Q.)
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain (J.P.T.-Q.)
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (J.P.T.-Q.)
| | - Loida María García-Cruz
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (A.S.R., L.M.G.-C.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (A.S.R., L.M.G.-C.)
| | - Ivonne Cárdenas-Reyes
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code SL, A Coruña, Spain (A.A.-S., L.d.l.H.R., I.C.-R., S.G.-H., M.V.-G., I.G.-D., J.P.O.)
| | - Juan Jiménez-Jáimez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (R.M.-R., J.J.-J.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (IBS-GRANADA), Spain (R.M.-R., J.J.-J.)
| | - Soledad García-Hernández
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code SL, A Coruña, Spain (A.A.-S., L.d.l.H.R., I.C.-R., S.G.-H., M.V.-G., I.G.-D., J.P.O.)
- Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain (S.G.-H.)
| | - María Valverde-Gómez
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code SL, A Coruña, Spain (A.A.-S., L.d.l.H.R., I.C.-R., S.G.-H., M.V.-G., I.G.-D., J.P.O.)
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (M.V.-G.)
| | - Iria Gómez-Díaz
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code SL, A Coruña, Spain (A.A.-S., L.d.l.H.R., I.C.-R., S.G.-H., M.V.-G., I.G.-D., J.P.O.)
| | - Javier Limeres Freire
- Cardiovascular Imaging Unit and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Cardiology Department, Vall d′Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (J.F.R.-P., J.L.F.)
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.F.R.-P., J.L.F., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
| | - José M. García-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (J.F.R.-P., M.G.D., J.M.G.-P., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain (J.M.G.-P.)
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Universidad de Málaga, Spain (J.M.G.-P.)
| | - Juan R. Gimeno-Blanes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (J.F.R.-P., M.G.D., J.M.G.-P., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.F.R.-P., J.L.F., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain (D.L.C., J.R.G.-B.)
| | - Konstantinos Savattis
- Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (H.R., K.S.)
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (K.S.)
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals, United Kingdom (K.S.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (K.S.)
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (J.F.R.-P., M.G.D., J.M.G.-P., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart, ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.F.R.-P., J.L.F., J.R.G.-B., P.G.-P.)
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain (D.d.C.C., P.G.-P., J.P.O.)
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.G.-P.)
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-P., J.P.O.)
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code SL, A Coruña, Spain (A.A.-S., L.d.l.H.R., I.C.-R., S.G.-H., M.V.-G., I.G.-D., J.P.O.)
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain (D.d.C.C., P.G.-P., J.P.O.)
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-P., J.P.O.)
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Chang Y, Wacker J, Ingles J, Macciocca I, King I, Semsarian C, McGaughran J, Weintraub RG, Bagnall RD. TBX20 loss-of-function variants in families with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. J Med Genet 2024; 61:171-175. [PMID: 37657916 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
TBX20 encodes a cardiac transcription factor that is associated with atrial septal defects. Recent studies implicate loss-of-function TBX20 variants with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), although clinical and genetic data in families are limited. We report four families with TBX20 loss-of-function variants that segregate with LVNC. Genetic testing using genome or exome sequencing was performed in index cases, variants were validated with Sanger sequencing, and cascade genetic testing was performed in family members. A multi-exon deletion, small deletion, essential splice site variant and nonsense variant in TBX20 were found in four families. The index cases in two families were symptomatic children with identical congenital heart diseases and LVNC who developed different cardiomyopathy phenotypes with one developing heart failure requiring transplantation. In another family, the child index case had LVNC and congestive heart failure requiring heart transplantation. In the fourth family, the index case was a symptomatic adult with LVNC. In all families, the variants segregated in relatives with isolated LVNC, or with congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Family members displayed a clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to severe presentations including heart failure. Our data strengthen TBX20 loss-of-function variants as a rare cause of LVNC and support TBX20 inclusion in genetic testing of LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chang
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Wacker
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivan Macciocca
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid King
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie McGaughran
- Genetic Health QLD, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert G Weintraub
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard D Bagnall
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Larsen LA, Hitz MP. Human Genetics of Atrial Septal Defect. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:467-480. [PMID: 38884726 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Although atrial septal defects (ASD) can be subdivided based on their anatomical location, an essential aspect of human genetics and genetic counseling is distinguishing between isolated and familiar cases without extracardiac features and syndromic cases with the co-occurrence of extracardiac abnormalities, such as developmental delay. Isolated or familial cases tend to show genetic alterations in genes related to important cardiac transcription factors and genes encoding for sarcomeric proteins. By contrast, the spectrum of genes with genetic alterations observed in syndromic cases is diverse. Currently, it points to different pathways and gene networks relevant to the dysregulation of cardiomyogenesis and ASD pathogenesis. Therefore, this chapter reflects the current knowledge and highlights stable associations observed in human genetics studies. It gives an overview of the different types of genetic alterations in these subtypes, including common associations based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and it highlights the most frequently observed syndromes associated with ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medicine Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department for Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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5
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Edwards W, Bussey OK, Conlon FL. The Tbx20-TLE interaction is essential for the maintenance of the second heart field. Development 2023; 150:dev201677. [PMID: 37756602 PMCID: PMC10629681 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20) plays a multifaceted role in cardiac morphogenesis and controls a broad gene regulatory network. However, the mechanism by which Tbx20 activates and represses target genes in a tissue-specific and temporal manner remains unclear. Studies show that Tbx20 directly interacts with the Transducin-like Enhancer of Split (TLE) family of proteins to mediate transcriptional repression. However, a function for the Tbx20-TLE transcriptional repression complex during heart development has yet to be established. We created a mouse model with a two amino acid substitution in the Tbx20 EH1 domain, thereby disrupting the Tbx20-TLE interaction. Disruption of this interaction impaired crucial morphogenic events, including cardiac looping and chamber formation. Transcriptional profiling of Tbx20EH1Mut hearts and analysis of putative direct targets revealed misexpression of the retinoic acid pathway and cardiac progenitor genes. Further, we show that altered cardiac progenitor development and function contribute to the severe cardiac defects in our model. Our studies indicate that TLE-mediated repression is a primary mechanism by which Tbx20 controls gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Olivia K. Bussey
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Park KH, Choi YJ, Min WK, Lee SH, Kim J, Jeong SH, Lee JH, Choi BM, Kim S. Particulate matter induces arrhythmia-like cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression levels of cardiac development- and ion channel-related genes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115201. [PMID: 37418944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a risk factor that increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study, we investigated the cardiotoxicity of particulate matter (PM) exposure using a zebrafish embryo model. We found that PM exposure induced cardiotoxicity, such as arrhythmia, during cardiac development. PM exposure caused cardiotoxicity by altering the expression levels of cardiac development (T-box transcription factor 20, natriuretic peptide A, and GATA-binding protein 4)- and ion-channel (scn5lab, kcnq1, kcnh2a/b, and kcnh6a/b)-related genes. In conclusion, this study showed that PM induces the aberrant expression of cardiac development- and ion channel-related genes, leading to arrhythmia-like cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Our study provides a foundation for further research on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of cardiotoxicity induced by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Korea University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15588, the Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 04763, the Republic of Korea; Zebrafish Translational Medical Research Center, Korea University, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, the Republic of Korea.
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7
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Tessler I, Albuisson J, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Verstraeten A, Kamber Kaya HE, Siguero-Álvarez M, Goudot G, MacGrogan D, Luyckx I, Shpitzen S, Levin G, Kelman G, Reshef N, Mananet H, Holdcraft J, Muehlschlegel JD, Peloso GM, Oppenheim O, Cheng C, Mazzella JM, Andelfinger G, Mital S, Eriksson P, Billon C, Heydarpour M, Dietz HC, Jeunemaitre X, Leitersdorf E, Sprinzak D, Blacklow SC, Body SC, Carmi S, Loeys B, de la Pompa JL, Gilon D, Messas E, Durst R. Novel Association of the NOTCH Pathway Regulator MIB1 Gene With the Development of Bicuspid Aortic Valve. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8:721-731. [PMID: 37405741 PMCID: PMC10323766 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Nonsyndromic bicuspid aortic valve (nsBAV) is the most common congenital heart valve malformation. BAV has a heritable component, yet only a few causative genes have been identified; understanding BAV genetics is a key point in developing personalized medicine. Objective To identify a new gene for nsBAV. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a comprehensive, multicenter, genetic association study based on candidate gene prioritization in a familial cohort followed by rare and common association studies in replication cohorts. Further validation was done using in vivo mice models. Study data were analyzed from October 2019 to October 2022. Three cohorts of patients with BAV were included in the study: (1) the discovery cohort was a large cohort of inherited cases from 29 pedigrees of French and Israeli origin; (2) the replication cohort 1 for rare variants included unrelated sporadic cases from various European ancestries; and (3) replication cohort 2 was a second validation cohort for common variants in unrelated sporadic cases from Europe and the US. Main Outcomes and Measures To identify a candidate gene for nsBAV through analysis of familial cases exome sequencing and gene prioritization tools. Replication cohort 1 was searched for rare and predicted deleterious variants and genetic association. Replication cohort 2 was used to investigate the association of common variants with BAV. Results A total of 938 patients with BAV were included in this study: 69 (7.4%) in the discovery cohort, 417 (44.5%) in replication cohort 1, and 452 (48.2%) in replication cohort 2. A novel human nsBAV gene, MINDBOMB1 homologue MIB1, was identified. MINDBOMB1 homologue (MIB1) is an E3-ubiquitin ligase essential for NOTCH-signal activation during heart development. In approximately 2% of nsBAV index cases from the discovery and replication 1 cohorts, rare MIB1 variants were detected, predicted to be damaging, and were significantly enriched compared with population-based controls (2% cases vs 0.9% controls; P = .03). In replication cohort 2, MIB1 risk haplotypes significantly associated with nsBAV were identified (permutation test, 1000 repeats; P = .02). Two genetically modified mice models carrying Mib1 variants identified in our cohort showed BAV on a NOTCH1-sensitized genetic background. Conclusions and Relevance This genetic association study identified the MIB1 gene as associated with nsBAV. This underscores the crucial role of the NOTCH pathway in the pathophysiology of BAV and its potential as a target for future diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Tessler
- Cardiology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- Genetics Department, Assistance Publique–Hȏpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, National Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases, VASCERN MSA European Reference Center, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer –UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon, France
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hatem Elif Kamber Kaya
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcos Siguero-Álvarez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume Goudot
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France
- Vascular Medicine Department, Assistance Publique–Hȏpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- French Research Consortium RHU STOP-AS, Rouen, France
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilse Luyckx
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shoshana Shpitzen
- Cardiology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galina Levin
- Cardiology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Kelman
- Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Jerusalem Center for Personalized Computational Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noga Reshef
- Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Jerusalem Center for Personalized Computational Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hugo Mananet
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer –UNICANCER, Dijon, France
- Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon, France
| | - Jake Holdcraft
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gina M. Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olya Oppenheim
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Charles Cheng
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France
- Vascular Medicine Department, Assistance Publique–Hȏpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- French Research Consortium RHU STOP-AS, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michael Mazzella
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France
- Vascular Medicine Department, Assistance Publique–Hȏpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seema Mital
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Clarisse Billon
- Genetics Department, Assistance Publique–Hȏpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, National Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases, VASCERN MSA European Reference Center, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Mahyar Heydarpour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harry C. Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France
- Vascular Medicine Department, Assistance Publique–Hȏpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Eran Leitersdorf
- Cardiology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephen C. Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simon C. Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shai Carmi
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dan Gilon
- Cardiology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emmanuel Messas
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France
- Vascular Medicine Department, Assistance Publique–Hȏpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- French Research Consortium RHU STOP-AS, Rouen, France
| | - Ronen Durst
- Cardiology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Prapa M, Lago-Docampo M, Swietlik EM, Montani D, Eyries M, Humbert M, Welch CL, Chung WK, Berger RMF, Bogaard HJ, Danhaive O, Escribano-Subías P, Gall H, Girerd B, Hernandez-Gonzalez I, Holden S, Hunt D, Jansen SMA, Kerstjens-Frederikse W, Kiely DG, Lapunzina P, McDermott J, Moledina S, Pepke-Zaba J, Polwarth GJ, Schotte G, Tenorio-Castaño J, Thompson AAR, Wharton J, Wort SJ, Megy K, Mapeta R, Treacy CM, Martin JM, Li W, Swift AJ, Upton PD, Morrell NW, Gräf S, Valverde D. First Genotype-Phenotype Study in TBX4 Syndrome: Gain-of-Function Mutations Causative for Lung Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1522-1533. [PMID: 35852389 PMCID: PMC9757087 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202203-0485oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite the increased recognition of TBX4 (T-BOX transcription factor 4)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), genotype-phenotype associations are lacking and may provide important insights. Objectives: To compile and functionally characterize all TBX4 variants reported to date and undertake a comprehensive genotype-phenotype analysis. Methods: We assembled a multicenter cohort of 137 patients harboring monoallelic TBX4 variants and assessed the pathogenicity of missense variation (n = 42) using a novel luciferase reporter assay containing T-BOX binding motifs. We sought genotype-phenotype correlations and undertook a comparative analysis with patients with PAH with BMPR2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor type 2) causal variants (n = 162) or no identified variants in PAH-associated genes (n = 741) genotyped via the National Institute for Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases. Measurements and Main Results: Functional assessment of TBX4 missense variants led to the novel finding of gain-of-function effects associated with older age at diagnosis of lung disease compared with loss-of-function effects (P = 0.038). Variants located in the T-BOX and nuclear localization domains were associated with earlier presentation (P = 0.005) and increased incidence of interstitial lung disease (P = 0.003). Event-free survival (death or transplantation) was shorter in the T-BOX group (P = 0.022), although age had a significant effect in the hazard model (P = 0.0461). Carriers of TBX4 variants were diagnosed at a younger age (P < 0.001) and had worse baseline lung function (FEV1, FVC) (P = 0.009) than the BMPR2 and no identified causal variant groups. Conclusions: We demonstrated that TBX4 syndrome is not strictly the result of haploinsufficiency but can also be caused by gain of function. The pleiotropic effects of TBX4 in lung disease may be in part explained by the differential effect of pathogenic mutations located in critical protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Prapa
- Department of Medicine and
- St. George’s University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Lago-Docampo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine and
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire, INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire, INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | | | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rolf M. F. Berger
- Centre for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, and
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, St.-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pilar Escribano-Subías
- Unidad Multidisciplinar de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Gall
- Centre for Congenital Heart Diseases, Pediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, and
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire, INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | | | - Simon Holden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Hunt
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Samara M. A. Jansen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands
| | | | - David G. Kiely
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John McDermott
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J. Polwarth
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gwen Schotte
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castaño
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. A. Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karyn Megy
- Department of Medicine and
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rutendo Mapeta
- Department of Medicine and
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Andrew J. Swift
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine and
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Valverde
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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9
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Gao X, Yan B. The mechanism and diagnostic value of Tbx20 in cardiovascular diseases. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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10
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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Exonic and Promoter Regions of Transcription Factors of Second Heart Field Associated with Sporadic Congenital Cardiac Anomalies. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 24:39-47. [PMID: 36249516 PMCID: PMC9524169 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple second heart field (SHF) transcription factors are involved in cardiac development. In this article we evaluate the relationship between SHF transcription factor polymorphisms and congenital heart disease (CHD). Ten polymorphisms were used for genotyping, and three of these were used for the luciferase assay. The risk of CHD was increased 4.31 times and 1.54 times in the C allele of GATA5: rs6061243 G>C and G allele of TBX20: rs336283 A>G, respectively. The minor alleles of SMYD1: rs1542088 T>G, MEF2C: rs80043958 A>G and GATA5: rs6587239 T>C increased the risk of the simple types of CHD. The minor alleles of GATA5: rs41305803 G>A and MEF2C: rs304154 A>G increased the risk of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The minor alleles of TBX20: rs336284 A>G and SMYD1: rs88387557 T>G only increased the risk of a single ventricle (SV). Luciferase assays revealed that the minor alleles of rs304154 and rs336284 decreased the transcriptional levels of MEF2C and TBX20, respectively (p<0.01). When combined with HLTF, the G promoter showed a higher expression level than the A promoter in rs80043958 (p<0.01). Our findings suggest that minor alleles of SNPs in the exonic and promoter regions of transcription factors in the SHF can increase the risks of sporadic CHD.
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11
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Sugioka S, Ikeda S, Harada M, Kishihata M, Al-Huseini I, Kimura T, Ashida N. Effects of constitutively active IKKβ on cardiac development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:169-174. [PMID: 35597154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a major transcription factor regulating cell survival, organ development and inflammation, but its role in cardiac development has been inadequately explored. To examine this function, we generated mice in which IKKβ, an essential kinase for NF-κB activation, was constitutively activated in embryonic cardiomyocytes. For this purpose, we used smooth muscle-22α (SM22α)-Cre mice, which are frequently used for gene recombination in embryonic cardiomyocytes. Embryonic hearts of SM22αCre-CA (constitutively active) IKKβflox/flox mice revealed remarkably thin, spongy and hypoplastic myocardium. In exploring the mechanism, we found that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) and T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20), major regulators of cardiac development, was significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the SM22αCre-CAIKKβflox/flox mice. We also generated NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2.5) Cre-CAIKKβflox/wt mice since Nkx2.5 is also expressed in embryonic cardiomyocytes and confirmed that the changes in these genes were also observed. These results implicated that the activation of NF-κB affects cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sugioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masako Kishihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isehaq Al-Huseini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noboru Ashida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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12
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Luo J, Chen J, Zhou J, Han K, Li S, Duan J, Cao C, Lin J, Xie D, Wang F. TBX20 inhibits colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by impairing NHEJ‐mediated DNA repair. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2008-2021. [PMID: 35348274 PMCID: PMC9207377 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA high methylation is one of driving force for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) pathogenesis. Transcription factors (TFs) can determine cell fate and play fundamental roles in multistep process of tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of DNA methylation of TFs should be vital for the progression of CRC. Here, we demonstrated that TBX20, a T‐box TF family protein, was downregulated with hypermethylation of promoter in early‐stage CRC tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis for CRC patients. Moreover, we identified PDZRN3 as the E3 ubiquitin ligase of TBX20 protein, which mediated the ubiquitination and degradation of TBX20. Furthermore, we revealed that TBX20 suppressed cell proliferation and tumor growth through impairing non‐homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ)‐mediated double‐stranded break repair by binding the middle domain of both Ku70 and Ku80 and therefore inhibiting their recruitment on chromatin in CRC cells. Altogether, our results reveal the tumor‐suppressive role of TBX20 by inhibiting NHEJ‐mediated DNA repair in CRC cells, and provide a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with early‐stage CRC and a therapeutic target for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jie‐Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Kai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Si Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jin‐Ling Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Chen‐Hui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jin‐Long Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060 China
| | - Feng‐Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou Guangdong China
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13
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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14
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Paolucci M, Vincenzi C, Romoli M, Amico G, Ceccherini I, Lattanzi S, Bersano A, Longoni M, Sacco S, Vernieri F, Pascarella R, Valzania F, Zedde M. The Genetic Landscape of Patent Foramen Ovale: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121953. [PMID: 34946902 PMCID: PMC8700998 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a common postnatal defect of cardiac atrial septation. A certain degree of familial aggregation has been reported. Animal studies suggest the involvement of the Notch pathway and other cardiac transcription factors (GATA4, TBX20, NKX2-5) in Foramen Ovale closure. This review evaluates the contribution of genetic alterations in PFO development. We systematically reviewed studies that assessed rare and common variants in subjects with PFO. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO and followed MOOSE guidelines. We systematically searched English studies reporting rates of variants in PFO subjects until the 30th of June 2021. Among 1231 studies, we included four studies: two of them assessed the NKX2-5 gene, the remaining reported variants of chromosome 4q25 and the GATA4 S377G variant, respectively. We did not find any variant associated with PFO, except for the rs2200733 variant of chromosome 4q25 in atrial fibrillation patients. Despite the scarceness of evidence so far, animal studies and other studies that did not fulfil the criteria to be included in the review indicate a robust genetic background in PFO. More research is needed on the genetic determinants of PFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Paolucci
- Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Neurology Unit, “M. Bufalini” Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Viale Giovanni Ghirotti, 286, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Vincenzi
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.V.); (F.V.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology Unit, “M. Bufalini” Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Viale Giovanni Ghirotti, 286, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Giulia Amico
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.C.)
- DINOGMI-Universite degli Studi di Genova, Largo P. Daneo,3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Longoni
- Neurology Unit, “M. Bufalini” Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Viale Giovanni Ghirotti, 286, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (M.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Simona Sacco
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Vernieri
- Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- Neuroradiology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.V.); (F.V.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.V.); (F.V.); (M.Z.)
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15
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Baban A, Lodato V, Parlapiano G, Drago F. Genetics in Congenital Heart Diseases: Unraveling the Link Between Cardiac Morphogenesis, Heart Muscle Disease, and Electrical Disorders. Heart Fail Clin 2021; 18:139-153. [PMID: 34776075 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genetic background of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) is extremely complex, heterogenous, and still majorly to be determined. CHDs can be sporadic or familial. In this article we discuss in detail the phenotypic spectrum of selected genes including MYH7, GATA4, NKX2-5, TBX5, and TBX20. Our goal is to offer the clinician a general overview of the clinical spectrum of the analyzed topics that are traditionally known as causative for CHDs but we underline in this review the possible progressive functional (cardiomyopathy) and electric aspects (arrhythmias) caused by the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Baban
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lodato
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parlapiano
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and Research Institute, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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16
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Gene Therapy: Targeting Cardiomyocyte Proliferation to Repopulate the Ischemic Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:346-360. [PMID: 34516452 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes show scarce division ability, which makes the heart ineffective in replacing lost contractile cells after ischemic cardiomyopathy. In the past decades, there have been increasing efforts in the search for novel strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium. Among them, gene therapy is one of the most promising ones, based on recent and emerging studies that support the fact that functional cardiomyocyte regeneration can be accomplished by the stimulation and enhancement of the endogenous ability of these cells to achieve cell division. This capacity can be targeted by stimulating several molecules, such as cell cycle regulators, noncoding RNAs, transcription, and metabolic factors. Therefore, the proposed target, together with the selection of the vector used, administration route, and the experimental animal model used in the development of the therapy would determine the success in the clinical field.
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17
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Romano V, Gallinoro CM, Mottola R, Serio A, Di Meglio F, Castaldo C, Sirico F, Nurzynska D. Patent Foramen Ovale-A Not So Innocuous Septal Atrial Defect in Adults. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8060060. [PMID: 34070460 PMCID: PMC8228640 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital atrial septal defect with an incidence of 15–35% in the adult population. The development of the interatrial septum is a process that begins in the fourth gestational week and is completed only after birth. During intrauterine life, the foramen ovale allows the passage of highly oxygenated blood from the right to the left atrium and into the systemic arteries, thus bypassing the pulmonary circulation. In 75% of the general population, the foramen ovale closes after birth, and only an oval depression, called fossa ovalis, remains on the right side of the interatrial septum. Patent foramen ovale can be associated with various clinically important conditions, including migraine and stroke, or decompression illness in divers. The aim of this review is to summarize the PFO developmental and anatomical features and to discuss the clinical risks associated with this atrial septal defect in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (C.M.G.); (R.M.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Maria Gallinoro
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (C.M.G.); (R.M.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Rosita Mottola
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (C.M.G.); (R.M.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandro Serio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (C.M.G.); (R.M.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (C.M.G.); (R.M.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (C.M.G.); (R.M.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Felice Sirico
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (C.M.G.); (R.M.); (A.S.); (F.D.M.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.N.)
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “ScuolaMedicaSalernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.N.)
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18
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Wu Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yang R. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of congenital heart diseases. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2021; 4:e000196. [DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with birth defects, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The classification of CHD is still elusive owing to the complex pathogenesis of CHD. Advances in molecular medicine have revealed the genetic basis of some heart anomalies. Genes associated with CHD might be modulated by various epigenetic factors. Thus, the genetic and epigenetic factors are gradually accepted as important triggers in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, few literatures have comprehensively elaborated the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of CHD. This review focuses on the etiology of CHD from genetics and epigenetics to discuss the role of these factors in the development of CHD. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic in the pathogenesis of CHD are also elaborated. Chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations in genetics, and DNA methylations, histone modifications and on-coding RNAs in epigenetics are summarized in detail. We hope the summative knowledge of these etiologies may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD so that morbidity and mortality of children with CHD can be reduced in the near future.
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19
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The role of DNA methylation in syndromic and non-syndromic congenital heart disease. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:93. [PMID: 33902696 PMCID: PMC8077695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common structural birth defect worldwide, and defects typically occur in the walls and valves of the heart or enlarged blood vessels. Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic mutations only account for a small portion of the pathogenic mechanisms of CHD, and the etiology of most cases remains unknown. The role of epigenetics in various diseases, including CHD, has attracted increased attention. The contributions of DNA methylation, one of the most important epigenetic modifications, to CHD have not been illuminated. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant DNA methylation is related to CHD. Here, we briefly introduce DNA methylation and CHD and then review the DNA methylation profiles during cardiac development and in CHD, abnormalities in maternal genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are also described. Whole genome methylation profile and important differentially methylated genes identified in recent years are summarized and clustered according to the sample type and methodologies. Finally, we discuss the novel technology for and prospects of CHD-related DNA methylation.
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20
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Chen Y, Xiao D, Zhang L, Cai CL, Li BY, Liu Y. The Role of Tbx20 in Cardiovascular Development and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638542. [PMID: 33585493 PMCID: PMC7876368 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tbx20 is a member of the Tbx1 subfamily of T-box-containing genes and is known to play a variety of fundamental roles in cardiovascular development and homeostasis as well as cardiac remodeling in response to pathophysiological stresses. Mutations in TBX20 are widely associated with the complex spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in humans, which includes defects in chamber septation, chamber growth, and valvulogenesis. In addition, genetic variants of TBX20 have been found to be associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and heart arrhythmia. This broad spectrum of cardiac morphogenetic and functional defects is likely due to its broad expression pattern in multiple cardiogenic cell lineages and its critical regulation of transcriptional networks during cardiac development. In this review, we summarize recent findings in our general understanding of the role of Tbx20 in regulating several important aspects of cardiac development and homeostasis and heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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21
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Qiao Q, Zhao CM, Yang CX, Gu JN, Guo YH, Zhang M, Li RG, Qiu XB, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. Detection and functional characterization of a novel MEF2A variation responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:955-963. [PMID: 33554560 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents the most frequent form of cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and death. Accumulating evidence convincingly demonstrates the crucial role of genetic defects in the pathogenesis of DCM, and over 100 culprit genes have been implicated with DCM. However, DCM is of substantial genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic determinants underpinning DCM remain largely elusive. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatical analyses were implemented in a consanguineous Chinese family with DCM. A total of 380 clinically annotated control individuals and 166 more DCM index cases then underwent Sanger sequencing analysis for the identified genetic variation. The functional characteristics of the variant were delineated by utilizing a dual-luciferase assay system. RESULTS A heterozygous variation in the MEF2A gene (encoding myocyte enhancer factor 2A, a transcription factor pivotal for embryonic cardiogenesis and postnatal cardiac adaptation), NM_001365204.1: c.718G>T; p. (Gly240*), was identified, and verified by Sanger sequencing to segregate with autosome-dominant DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The nonsense variation was neither detected in 760 control chromosomes nor found in 166 more DCM probands. Functional analyses revealed that the variant lost transactivation on the validated target genes MYH6 and FHL2, both causally linked to DCM. Furthermore, the variation nullified the synergistic activation between MEF2A and GATA4, another key transcription factor involved in DCM. CONCLUSIONS The findings firstly indicate that MEF2A loss-of-function variation predisposes to DCM in humans, providing novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of DCM and suggesting potential implications for genetic testing and prognostic evaluation of DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Han Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Center Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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22
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Deepe R, Fitzgerald E, Wolters R, Drummond J, Guzman KD, van den Hoff MJ, Wessels A. The Mesenchymal Cap of the Atrial Septum and Atrial and Atrioventricular Septation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040050. [PMID: 33158164 PMCID: PMC7712865 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this publication, dedicated to Professor Robert H. Anderson and his contributions to the field of cardiac development, anatomy, and congenital heart disease, we will review some of our earlier collaborative studies. The focus of this paper is on our work on the development of the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex, studies in which Professor Anderson has played a significant role. We will revisit a number of events relevant to atrial and atrioventricular septation and present new data on the development of the mesenchymal cap of the atrial septum, a component of the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex which, thus far, has received only moderate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Deepe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Emily Fitzgerald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Renélyn Wolters
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Jenna Drummond
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Karen De Guzman
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Maurice J.B. van den Hoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Biology, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-843-792-8183
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23
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van Walree ES, Dombrowsky G, Jansen IE, Mirkov MU, Zwart R, Ilgun A, Guo D, Clur SAB, Amin AS, Savage JE, van der Wal AC, Waisfisz Q, Maugeri A, Wilsdon A, Bu'Lock FA, Hurles ME, Dittrich S, Berger F, Audain Martinez E, Christoffels VM, Hitz MP, Milewicz DM, Posthuma D, Meijers-Heijboer H, Postma AV, Mathijssen IB. Germline variants in HEY2 functional domains lead to congenital heart defects and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Genet Med 2020; 23:103-110. [PMID: 32820247 PMCID: PMC8804301 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-00939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study we aimed to establish the genetic cause of a myriad of cardiovascular defects prevalent in individuals from a genetically isolated population, who were found to share a common ancestor in 1728. Methods Trio genome sequencing was carried out in an index patient with critical congenital heart disease (CHD), family members had either exome or Sanger sequencing. To confirm enrichment, we performed a gene-based association test and meta-analysis in two independent validation cohorts: one with 2685 CHD cases versus 4370 controls, and the other 326 cases with familial thoracic aortic aneurysms (FTAA) and dissections versus 570 ancestry-matched controls. Functional consequences of identified variants were evaluated using expression studies. Results We identified a loss-of-function variant in the Notch target transcription factor-encoding gene HEY2. The homozygous state (n=3) causes life-threatening congenital heart defects, while 80% of heterozygous carriers (n=20) had cardiovascular defects, mainly CHD and FTAA of the ascending aorta. We confirm enrichment of rare risk variants in HEY2 functional domains after meta-analysis (meta-SKAT p=0.018). Furthermore, we show that several identified variants lead to dysregulation of repression by HEY2. Conclusion A homozygous germline loss-of-function variant in HEY2 leads to critical CHD. The majority of heterozygotes show a myriad of cardiovascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S van Walree
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregor Dombrowsky
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maša Umićević Mirkov
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Zwart
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aho Ilgun
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sally-Ann B Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed S Amin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard C van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Maugeri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Wilsdon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frances A Bu'Lock
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre and University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Audain Martinez
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Philip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniëlle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge B Mathijssen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Zhang E, Yang J, Liu Y, Hong N, Xie H, Fu Q, Li F, Chen S, Yu Y, Sun K. MESP2 variants contribute to conotruncal heart defects by inhibiting cardiac neural crest cell proliferation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1035-1048. [PMID: 32572506 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are closely related to defective outflow tract (OFT) development, in which cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) play an indispensable role. However, the genetic etiology of CTDs remains unclear. Mesoderm posterior 2 (MESP2) is an important transcription factor regulating early cardiogenesis. Nevertheless, MESP2 variants have not been reported in congenital heart defect (CHD) patients. We first identified four MESP2 variants in 601 sporadic nonsyndromic CTD patients that were not detected in 400 healthy controls using targeted sequencing. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays revealed MESP2 expression in the OFT of Carnegie stage (CS) 11, CS13, and CS15 human embryos and embryonic day (E) 8.5, E10, and E11.5 mouse embryos. Functional analyses in HEK 293T cells, HL-1 cells, JoMa1 cells, and primary mouse CNCCs revealed that MESP2 directly regulates the transcriptional activities of downstream CTD-related genes and promotes CNCC proliferation by regulating cell cycle factors. Three MESP2 variants, c.346G>C (p.G116R), c.921C>G (p.Y307X), and c.59A>T (p.Q20L), altered the transcriptional activities of MYOCD, GATA4, NKX2.5, and CFC1 and inhibited CNCC proliferation by upregulating p21cip1 or downregulating Cdk4. Based on our findings, MESP2 variants disrupted MESP2 function by interfering with CNCC proliferation during OFT development, which may contribute to CTDs. KEY MESSAGES: This study first analyzed MESP2 variants identified in sporadic nonsyndromic CTD patients. MESP2 is expressed in the OFT of different stages of human and mouse embryos. MESP2 regulates the transcriptional activities of downstream CTD-related genes and promotes CNCC proliferation by regulating cell cycle factor p21cip1 or Cdk4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erge Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nanchao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Identification and analysis of KLF13 variants in patients with congenital heart disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:78. [PMID: 32293321 PMCID: PMC7160950 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The protein Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) is a member of the KLF family and has been identified as a cardiac transcription factor that is involved in heart development. However, the relationship between KLF13 variants and CHDs in humans remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to screen the KLF13 variants in CHD patients and genetically analyze the functions of these variants. Methods KLF13 variants were sequenced in a cohort of 309 CHD patients and population-matched healthy controls (n = 200) using targeted sequencing. To investigate the effect of variants on the functional properties of the KLF13 protein, the expression and subcellular localization of the protein, as well as the transcriptional activities of downstream genes and physical interactions with other transcription factors, were assessed. Results Two heterozygous variants, c.487C > T (P163S) and c.467G > A (S156N), were identified in two out of 309 CHD patients with tricuspid valve atresia and transposition of the great arteries, respectively. No variants were found among healthy controls. The variant c.467G > A (S156N) had increased protein expression and enhanced functionality compared with the wild type, without affecting the subcellular localization. The other variant, c.487C > T (P163S), did not show any abnormalities in protein expression or subcellular localization; however, it inhibited the transcriptional activities of downstream target genes and physically interacted with TBX5, another cardiac transcription factor. Conclusion Our results show that the S156N and P163S variants may affect the transcriptional function of KLF13 and physical interaction with TBX5. These results identified KLF13 as a potential genetic risk factor for congenital heart disease.
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Shabana NA, Shahid SU, Irfan U. Genetic Contribution to Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). Pediatr Cardiol 2020; 41:12-23. [PMID: 31872283 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital problems in neonates. The basis for CHD is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental components. The elucidation of genetic components remains difficult because it is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Currently, the major identified genetic causes include chromosomal abnormalities, large subchromosomal deletions/duplications, and point mutations. However, much more remains to be unraveled. An important insight from the research on the genetics of CHD is that any change at the genetic level that alters the dosage of genes required in any process during heart development results in a developmental defect. The use of conventional gene identification (linkage analysis and direct targeted sequencing) methods followed by the rapid advancements in high-throughput technologies (copy number variant platforms, SNP arrays, and next-generation sequencing) has identified an extensive list of genetic causes. However, the most common presentation of CHD is in the form of sporadic cases. Therefore, it is important to identify their underlying genetic cause. In this review, we revisit the causal genetic factors of CHD and discuss the clinical implications of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Shabana
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Saleem Ullah Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Irfan
- The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
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Boogerd CJ, Zhu X, Aneas I, Sakabe N, Zhang L, Sobreira DR, Montefiori L, Bogomolovas J, Joslin AC, Zhou B, Chen J, Nobrega MA, Evans SM. Tbx20 Is Required in Mid-Gestation Cardiomyocytes and Plays a Central Role in Atrial Development. Circ Res 2019; 123:428-442. [PMID: 29903739 PMCID: PMC6092109 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.311339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Mutations in the transcription factor TBX20 (T-box 20) are associated with congenital heart disease. Germline ablation of Tbx20 results in abnormal heart development and embryonic lethality by embryonic day 9.5. Because Tbx20 is expressed in multiple cell lineages required for myocardial development, including pharyngeal endoderm, cardiogenic mesoderm, endocardium, and myocardium, the cell type–specific requirement for TBX20 in early myocardial development remains to be explored. Objective: Here, we investigated roles of TBX20 in midgestation cardiomyocytes for heart development. Methods and Results: Ablation of Tbx20 from developing cardiomyocytes using a doxycycline inducible cTnTCre transgene led to embryonic lethality. The circumference of developing ventricular and atrial chambers, and in particular that of prospective left atrium, was significantly reduced in Tbx20 conditional knockout mutants. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated reduced proliferation of Tbx20 mutant cardiomyocytes and their arrest at the G1-S phase transition. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of mutant cardiomyocytes revealed differential expression of multiple genes critical for cell cycle regulation. Moreover, atrial and ventricular gene programs seemed to be aberrantly regulated. Putative direct TBX20 targets were identified using TBX20 ChIP-Seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation with high throughput sequencing) from embryonic heart and included key cell cycle genes and atrial and ventricular specific genes. Notably, TBX20 bound a conserved enhancer for a gene key to atrial development and identity, COUP-TFII/Nr2f2 (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 2/nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2). This enhancer interacted with the NR2F2 promoter in human cardiomyocytes and conferred atrial specific gene expression in a transgenic mouse in a TBX20-dependent manner. Conclusions: Myocardial TBX20 directly regulates a subset of genes required for fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation, including those required for the G1-S transition. TBX20 also directly downregulates progenitor-specific genes and, in addition to regulating genes that specify chamber versus nonchamber myocardium, directly activates genes required for establishment or maintenance of atrial and ventricular identity. TBX20 plays a previously unappreciated key role in atrial development through direct regulation of an evolutionarily conserved COUPT-FII enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J. Boogerd
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
| | - Ivy Aneas
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Noboru Sakabe
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
| | - Debora R. Sobreira
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Lindsey Montefiori
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Department of Medicine (J.B., J.C., S.M.E.)
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (J.B.)
| | - Amelia C. Joslin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Medicine and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, New York, NY (B.Z.)
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine (J.B., J.C., S.M.E.)
| | - Marcelo A. Nobrega
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (I.A., N.S., D.R.S., L.M., A.C.J., M.A.N.)
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (C.J.B., X.Z., L.Z., S.M.E.)
- Department of Medicine (J.B., J.C., S.M.E.)
- Department of Pharmacology (S.M.E.)
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Zhu Y, Xu C, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Shu Y, Lu C, Mo X. Associations of trace elements in blood with the risk of isolated ventricular septum defects and abnormal cardiac structure in children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10037-10043. [PMID: 30746621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine correlations between the presence of isolated ventricular septum defects (VSDs) and blood levels of trace elements. A total of 144 patients with VSDs and 144 controls were recruited for cross-sectional assessment of trace elements and examination of cardiac structures in the Jiangsu and Anhui provinces between 2016 and 2018. Logistic regression was performed to explore the relationships between VSDs and trace elements. Additionally, general linear regression models were used to investigate relationships between trace elements and echocardiography indicators. Relative to the lowest zinc (Zn) concentrations, the highest Zn concentrations may be associated with lower odds of VSD development (OR = 0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01-0.29, P < 0.001). However, no significant relationships between the concentrations of other trace elements and the risk of VSD were identified. Aorta (AO) diameters were markedly smaller in the VSD group, whereas no significant between-group differences were observed for other echocardiography indicators. After adjusting for age and gender, linear regression indicated a significant association between Zn level and mean AO diameter (beta coefficient = 0.247, 95% CI = 0.126-0.367). Zn deficiency was observed in patients with isolated VSDs. Further work to explore the mechanisms by which Zn deficiency leads to VSDs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zongyun Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yaqin Shu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Changgui Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Dorr KM, Conlon FL. Proteomic-based approaches to cardiac development and disease. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 48:150-157. [PMID: 30711722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Congenital malformations, or structural birth defects, are now the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States and Europe (Dolk et al., 2010; Heron et al., 2009). Of the congenital malformations, congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common (Dolk et al., 2010; Heron et al., 2009). Thus, a molecular understanding of heart development is an essential goal for improving clinical approaches to CHD. However, CHDs are commonly a result of genetic defects that manifest themselves in a spatial and temporal manner during the early stages of embryogenesis, leaving them mostly intractable to mass spectrometry-based analysis. Here, we describe the technologies and advancements in the field of mass spectrometry over the past few years that have begun to provide insights into the molecular and cellular basis of CHD and prospects for these types of approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Dorr
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Vasilescu C, Ojala TH, Brilhante V, Ojanen S, Hinterding HM, Palin E, Alastalo TP, Koskenvuo J, Hiippala A, Jokinen E, Jahnukainen T, Lohi J, Pihkala J, Tyni TA, Carroll CJ, Suomalainen A. Genetic Basis of Severe Childhood-Onset Cardiomyopathies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:2324-2338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang J, Luo J, Chen Q, Wang X, He J, Zhang W, Yin Z, Zheng F, Pan H, Li T, Lou Q, Wang B. Identification of LBX2 as a novel causal gene of atrial septal defect. Int J Cardiol 2018; 265:188-194. [PMID: 29669692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common cardiac malformations worldwide. Several genes have been identified so far, which can merely explain small proportion of all the cases, therefore, it is anticipated that there are additional genes causing ASD. The aims of this study were to identify the causal gene of ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASDII) in a Chinese family. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in three affected members and one control in the ASDII family. We screened mutations of LBX2 in 300 unrelated ASD patients and validated in 400 normal controls by Sanger sequencing. LBX2 knockout zebrafish was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to detect whether lbx2 deficiency influenced cardiac development. RESULTS A rare missense mutation in LBX2 (c.A403G: p.K135E) was identified as the pathogenic cause of ASD. Subsequent mutation screening revealed two missense variants in 3 of 300 sporadic patients. We observed expanded size of atrium and ventricle in LBX2 knockout zebrafish through hematoxylin-eosin staining, more incompact distribution of cardiac myocytes was also discovered in homozygote compared with in wildtype. Furthermore, we performed in situ hybridization of crip2 gene to trace the cardiac neural crest cells in the embryo stage and found that the migration of neural crest cells was obviously delayed in the homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS We identified LBX2 for the first time as a pathogenic gene of ASDII. LBX2 deficiency may cause abnormal development of heart through influencing the migration of neural crest cells and affect the process of cardiac septation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Qinghai High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tengyan Li
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Binbin Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China.
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Kennedy L, Kaltenbrun E, Greco TM, Temple B, Herring LE, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Formation of a TBX20-CASZ1 protein complex is protective against dilated cardiomyopathy and critical for cardiac homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007011. [PMID: 28945738 PMCID: PMC5629033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
By the age of 40, one in five adults without symptoms of cardiovascular disease are at risk for developing congestive heart failure. Within this population, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains one of the leading causes of disease and death, with nearly half of cases genetically determined. Though genetic and high throughput sequencing-based approaches have identified sporadic and inherited mutations in a multitude of genes implicated in cardiomyopathy, how combinations of asymptomatic mutations lead to cardiac failure remains a mystery. Since a number of studies have implicated mutations of the transcription factor TBX20 in congenital heart diseases, we investigated the underlying mechanisms, using an unbiased systems-based screen to identify novel, cardiac-specific binding partners. We demonstrated that TBX20 physically and genetically interacts with the essential transcription factor CASZ1. This interaction is required for survival, as mice heterozygous for both Tbx20 and Casz1 die post-natally as a result of DCM. A Tbx20 mutation associated with human familial DCM sterically interferes with the TBX20-CASZ1 interaction and provides a physical basis for how this human mutation disrupts normal cardiac function. Finally, we employed quantitative proteomic analyses to define the molecular pathways mis-regulated upon disruption of this novel complex. Collectively, our proteomic, biochemical, genetic, and structural studies suggest that the physical interaction between TBX20 and CASZ1 is required for cardiac homeostasis, and further, that reduction or loss of this critical interaction leads to DCM. This work provides strong evidence that DCM can be inherited through a digenic mechanism. A molecular understanding of cardiomyocyte development is an essential goal for improving clinical approaches to CHD. While TBX20 is an essential transcription factor for heart development and its disease relevance is well established, many fundamental questions remain about the mechanism of TBX20 function. Principle among these is how TBX20 mutations associated with adult dilated cardiomyopathy circumvent (DCM) the essential embryonic requirement for TBX20 in heart development. Here we report using an integrated approach that TBX20 complexes with the cardiac transcription factor CASZ1 in vivo. We confirmed TBX20 and CASZ1 interact biochemically and genetically, and show mice heterozygous for both Tbx20 and Casz1 die, beginning at 4 to 8 weeks post birth, exhibiting hallmarks of DCM. Interestingly, the human mutant TBX20F256I bypasses the early essential requirement for TBX20 but leads to DCM. We report here that TBX20F256I disrupts the TBX20-CASZ1 interaction, ascribing clinical relevance to this protein complex. Further, by using quantitative proteomics we have identified the molecular pathways altered in TBX20-CASZ1-mediated DCM. Together, these results identify a novel interaction between TBX20 and CASZ1 that is essential for maintaining cardiac homeostasis and imply that DCM can be inherited through a digenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Kennedy
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin Kaltenbrun
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Brenda Temple
- R.L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ileana M. Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Biology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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An interspecies heart-to-heart: Using Xenopus to uncover the genetic basis of congenital heart disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:187-196. [PMID: 29082114 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given the enormous impact congenital heart disease has on child health, it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the disease mechanisms that underlie patient phenotypes and clinical outcomes. This review will outline the merits of using the frog model, Xenopus, as a tool to study human cardiac development and left-right patterning mechanisms associated with congenital heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS Patient-driven gene discovery continues to provide new insight into the mechanisms of congenital heart disease, and by extension, patient phenotypes and outcomes. By identifying gene variants in CHD patients, studies in Xenopus have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of how these candidate genes affect cardiac development, both cardiogenesis as well as left-right patterning, which can have a major impact on cardiac morphogenesis. Xenopus has also proved to be a useful screening tool for the biological relevance of identified patient-mutations, and ongoing investigations continue to illuminate disease mechanisms. SUMMARY Analyses in model organisms can help to elucidate the disease mechanisms underlying CHD patient phenotypes. Using Xenopus to disentangle the genotype-phenotype relationships of well-known and novel disease genes could enhance the ability of physicians to efficaciously treat patients and predict clinical outcomes, ultimately improving quality of life and survival rates of patients born with congenital heart disease.
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Wang HD, Liu L, Zhao HR, Hou QF, Yan JB, Shi WL, Guo QN, Wang L, Liao SX, Zhu BF. Detection of fetal epigenetic biomarkers through genome-wide DNA methylation study for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3989-3998. [PMID: 28440505 PMCID: PMC5436219 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cell-free DNA fetal (cff DNA) in maternal plasma during pregnancy provides a novel perspective for the development of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD). Against the background of maternal DNA, the use of the relatively low concentration of cff DNA is limited in NIPD. Therefore, in order to overcome the complication of the background of maternal DNA and expand the scope of cff DNA application in clinical practice, it is necessary to identify novel universal fetal-specific DNA markers. The GeneChip Human Promoter 1.0R Array set was used in the present study to analyze the methylation status of 12 placental tissue and maternal peripheral blood whole-genome DNA samples. In total, 5 fetus differential hypermethylation regions and 6 fetus differential hypomethylation regions were identified. In order to verify the 11 selected methylation regions and detect the differential CpG sites in these regions, a bisulfate direct sequencing strategy was used. In total, 87 fetal differential methylation CpG sites were identified from 123 CpG sites. The detection of fetal differential methylation DNA regions and CpG sites may be instrumental in the development of efficient NIPD and in the expansion of its application in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ru Zhao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Fang Hou
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Bin Yan
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Embryo Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health of China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Li Shi
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Nan Guo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Xiu Liao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Huang RT, Wang J, Xue S, Qiu XB, Shi HY, Li RG, Qu XK, Yang XX, Liu H, Li N, Li YJ, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. TBX20 loss-of-function mutation responsible for familial tetralogy of Fallot or sporadic persistent truncus arteriosus. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:323-332. [PMID: 28553164 PMCID: PMC5436474 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common form of developmental abnormality in humans, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Genetic defects have been recognized as the predominant causes of CHD. Nevertheless, CHD is of substantial genetic heterogeneity and the genetic defects underlying CHD in most cases remain unclear. In the current study, the coding regions and splicing junction sites of the TBX20 gene, which encodes a T-box transcription factor key to cardiovascular morphogenesis, were sequenced in 175 unrelated patients with CHD, and a novel heterozygous TBX20 mutation, p.K274X, was identified in an index patient with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Genetic analysis of the proband's available family members showed that his father, elder brother and son had also TOF. In addition, his father and elder brother had also atrial septal defect, and his niece had persistent truncus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect. Analysis of the pedigree revealed that the mutation co-segregated with CHD transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, with complete penetrance. The nonsense mutation, which was absent in the 800 control chromosomes, was predicted to produce a truncated protein with only the amino terminus and partial T-box domain left. Functional analyses by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system showed that the mutant TBX20 lost the ability to transactivate the target gene ANF. Furthermore, the mutation reduced the synergistic activation between TBX20 and NKX2.5 as well as GATA4, two other transcriptional factors previously associated with various CHD, encompassing TOF. This study firstly links TBX20 loss-of-function mutation to familial TOF or sporadic persistent truncus arteriosus, providing novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin-Kai Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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36
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Lu F, Langenbacher A, Chen JN. Tbx20 drives cardiac progenitor formation and cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2016; 421:139-148. [PMID: 27940156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tbx20 is a T-box transcription factor that plays essential roles in the development and maintenance of the heart. Although it is expressed by cardiac progenitors in all species examined, an involvement of Tbx20 in cardiac progenitor formation in vertebrates has not been previously described. Here we report the identification of a zebrafish tbx20 mutation that results in an inactive, truncated protein lacking any functional domains. The cardiac progenitor population is strongly diminished in this mutant, leading to the formation of a small, stretched-out heart. We found that overexpression of Tbx20 results in an enlarged heart with significantly more cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, this increase in cell number is caused by both enhanced cardiac progenitor cell formation and the proliferation of differentiated cardiomyocytes, and is dependent upon the activity of Tbx20's T-box and transcription activation domains. Together, our findings highlight a previously unappreciated role for Tbx20 in promoting cardiac progenitor formation in vertebrates and reveal a novel function for its activation domain in cardiac cell proliferation during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Adam Langenbacher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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37
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Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Bressan MC. Rebuilding a broken heart: lessons from developmental and regenerative biology. Development 2016; 143:3866-3870. [PMID: 27803055 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In May 2016, the annual Weinstein Cardiovascular Development and Regeneration Conference was held in Durham, North Carolina, USA. The meeting assembled leading investigators, junior scientists and trainees from around the world to discuss developmental and regenerative biological approaches to understanding the etiology of congenital heart defects and the repair of diseased cardiac tissue. In this Meeting Review, we present several of the major themes that were discussed throughout the meeting and highlight the depth and range of research currently being performed to uncover the causes of human cardiac diseases and develop potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, and Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael C Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Rd, 6341C MBRB, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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38
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Abstract
T-box genes are important development regulators in vertebrates with specific patterns of expression and precise roles during embryogenesis. They encode transcription factors that regulate gene transcription, often in the early stages of development. The hallmark of this family of proteins is the presence of a conserved DNA binding motif, the "T-domain." Mutations in T-box genes can cause developmental disorders in humans, mostly due to functional deficiency of the relevant proteins. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of some T-box genes in cancer and in cardiomyopathy, extending their role in human disease. In this review, we focus on ten T-box genes with a special emphasis on their roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Ghosh
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - J D Brook
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - A Wilsdon
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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39
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Kodo K, Ong SG, Jahanbani F, Termglinchan V, Hirono K, InanlooRahatloo K, Ebert AD, Shukla P, Abilez OJ, Churko JM, Karakikes I, Jung G, Ichida F, Wu SM, Snyder MP, Bernstein D, Wu JC. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes reveal abnormal TGF-β signalling in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1031-42. [PMID: 27642787 PMCID: PMC5042877 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is the third most prevalent cardiomyopathy in children and its pathogenesis has been associated with the developmental defect of the embryonic myocardium. We show that patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from LVNC patients carrying a mutation in the cardiac transcription factor TBX20 recapitulate a key aspect of the pathological phenotype at the single-cell level and this was associated with perturbed transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling. LVNC iPSC-CMs have decreased proliferative capacity due to abnormal activation of TGF-β signalling. TBX20 regulates the expression of TGF-β signalling modifiers including one known to be a genetic cause of LVNC, PRDM16, and genome editing of PRDM16 caused proliferation defects in iPSC-CMs. Inhibition of TGF-β signalling and genome correction of the TBX20 mutation were sufficient to reverse the disease phenotype. Our study demonstrates that iPSC-CMs are a useful tool for the exploration of pathological mechanisms underlying poorly understood cardiomyopathies including LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kodo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vittavat Termglinchan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kolsoum InanlooRahatloo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Antje D Ebert
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Praveen Shukla
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jared M Churko
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gwanghyun Jung
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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40
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Liu P, Sun Y, Qiu G, Jiang H, Qiu G. Silencing of TBX20 gene expression in rat myocardial and human embryonic kidney cells leads to cell cycle arrest in G2 phase. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2904-14. [PMID: 27572266 PMCID: PMC5042752 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects due to abnormal cardiac development. The T-box 20 (TBX20) gene is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors and encodes TBX20, which is essential for early heart development. In the present study, reduced TBX20 expression was observed in CHD tissue samples compared with normal tissues, and the function of TBX20 in Rattus norvegicus myocardial cells [H9c2(2-1)] and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) was investigated. TBX20 was silenced in H9c2 and HEK293 cells via transfection of small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA duplexes, respectively, and TBX20 mRNA and protein levels were subsequently examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using a cell counting kit and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was determined by western blotting. Analysis of cell apoptosis was achieved by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and a fluorometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling system. Cell cycle analysis was achieved using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and, an RT-qPCR array was used to profile the expression of TBX20-related genes. Silencing of TBX20 in H9c2 and HEK293 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and led to G2/M cell cycle arrest. A reduction in cyclin B1 mRNA levels and an increase in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B mRNA levels was observed, which indicated that cells were arrested in G2 phase. Concurrently, the mRNA levels of GATA binding protein 4 were increased in both cell lines, which may provide an explanation for the abnormal cardiac hypertrophy observed in patients with congenital heart disease. These results suggest that TBX20 is required for heart morphogenesis, and inhibition of TBX20 expression may lead to the suppression of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yueling Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 202 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, Heping 110003, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Heping 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guangrong Qiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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41
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Zhou YM, Dai XY, Huang RT, Xue S, Xu YJ, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. A novel TBX20 loss-of-function mutation contributes to adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy or congenital atrial septal defect. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3307-14. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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42
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Furtado MB, Costa MW, Rosenthal NA. The cardiac fibroblast: Origin, identity and role in homeostasis and disease. Differentiation 2016; 92:93-101. [PMID: 27421610 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is responsible for supplying blood to two separate circulation circuits in a parallel manner. This design provides efficient oxygenation and nutrients to the whole body through the left-sided pump, while the right-sided pump delivers blood to the pulmonary circulation for re-oxygenation. In order to achieve this demanding job, the mammalian heart evolved into a highly specialised organ comprised of working contractile cells or cardiomyocytes, a directional and insulated conduction system, capable of independently generating and conducting electric impulses that synchronises chamber contraction, valves that allow the generation of high pressure and directional blood flow into the circulation, coronary circulation, that supplies oxygenated blood for the heart muscle high metabolically active pumping role and inlet/outlet routes, as the venae cavae and pulmonary veins, aorta and pulmonary trunk. This organization highlights the complexity and compartmentalization of the heart. This review will focus on the cardiac fibroblast, a cell type until recently ignored, but that profoundly influences heart function in its various compartments. We will discuss current advances on definitions, molecular markers and function of cardiac fibroblasts in heart homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mauro W Costa
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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43
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Furtado MB, Nim HT, Boyd SE, Rosenthal NA. View from the heart: cardiac fibroblasts in development, scarring and regeneration. Development 2016; 143:387-97. [PMID: 26839342 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the adult, tissue repair after injury is generally compromised by fibrosis, which maintains tissue integrity with scar formation but does not restore normal architecture and function. The process of regeneration is necessary to replace the scar and rebuild normal functioning tissue. Here, we address this problem in the context of heart disease, and discuss the origins and characteristics of cardiac fibroblasts, as well as the crucial role that they play in cardiac development and disease. We discuss the dual nature of cardiac fibroblasts, which can lead to scarring, pathological remodelling and functional deficit, but can also promote heart function in some contexts. Finally, we review current and proposed approaches whereby regeneration could be fostered by interventions that limit scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Hieu T Nim
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarah E Boyd
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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44
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Boogerd CJ, Aneas I, Sakabe N, Dirschinger RJ, Cheng QJ, Zhou B, Chen J, Nobrega MA, Evans SM. Probing chromatin landscape reveals roles of endocardial TBX20 in septation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3023-35. [PMID: 27348591 DOI: 10.1172/jci85350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the T-box transcription factor TBX20 are associated with multiple forms of congenital heart defects, including cardiac septal abnormalities, but our understanding of the contributions of endocardial TBX20 to heart development remains incomplete. Here, we investigated how TBX20 interacts with endocardial gene networks to drive the mesenchymal and myocardial movements that are essential for outflow tract and atrioventricular septation. Selective ablation of Tbx20 in murine endocardial lineages reduced the expression of extracellular matrix and cell migration genes that are critical for septation. Using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), we identified accessible chromatin within endocardial lineages and intersected these data with TBX20 ChIP-seq and chromatin loop maps to determine that TBX20 binds a conserved long-range enhancer to regulate versican (Vcan) expression. We also observed reduced Vcan expression in Tbx20-deficient mice, supporting a direct role for TBX20 in Vcan regulation. Further, we show that the Vcan enhancer drove reporter gene expression in endocardial lineages in a TBX20-binding site-dependent manner. This work illuminates gene networks that interact with TBX20 to orchestrate cardiac septation and provides insight into the chromatin landscape of endocardial lineages during septation.
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45
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A Matter of the Heart: The African Clawed Frog Xenopus as a Model for Studying Vertebrate Cardiogenesis and Congenital Heart Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3020021. [PMID: 29367567 PMCID: PMC5715680 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The African clawed frog, Xenopus, is a valuable non-mammalian model organism to investigate vertebrate heart development and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of human congenital heart defects (CHDs). In this review, we outline the similarities between Xenopus and mammalian cardiogenesis, and provide an overview of well-studied cardiac genes in Xenopus, which have been associated with congenital heart conditions. Additionally, we highlight advantages of modeling candidate genes derived from genome wide association studies (GWAS) in Xenopus and discuss commonly used techniques.
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46
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A gain-of-function ACTC1 3'UTR mutation that introduces a miR-139-5p target site may be associated with a dominant familial atrial septal defect. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25404. [PMID: 27139165 PMCID: PMC4853704 DOI: 10.1038/srep25404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASDII) is the most common type of congenital heart disease and is characterized by a left to right shunting of oxygenated blood caused by incomplete closure of the septum secundum. We identified a familial form of isolated ASDII that affects four individuals in a family of five and shows autosomal dominant inheritance. By whole genome sequencing, we discovered a new mutation (c.*1784T > C) in the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of ACTC1, which encodes the predominant actin in the embryonic heart. Further analysis demonstrated that the c.*1784T > C mutation results in a new target site for miRNA-139-5p, a microRNA that is involved in cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Functional analysis demonstrated that the c.*1784T > C mutation specifically downregulates gene expression in a luciferase assay. Additionally, miR-139-5p mimic causes further decrease, whereas miR-139-5p inhibitor can dramatically rescue the decline in gene expression caused by this mutation. These findings suggest that the familial ASDII may be a result of an ACTC1 3′UTR gain-of-function mutation caused by the introduction of a new miR-139-5p target site. Our results provide the first evidence of a pathogenic mutation in the ACTC1 3′UTR that may be associated with familial isolated ASDII.
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Abstract
Cardiac transcription factors orchestrate the complex cellular and molecular events required to produce a functioning heart. Misregulation of the cardiac transcription program leads to embryonic developmental defects and is associated with human congenital heart diseases. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the regulation of cardiac gene expression at an additional layer, involving the coordination of epigenetic and transcriptional regulators. In this review, we highlight and discuss discoveries made possible by the genetic and embryological tools available in the zebrafish model organism, with a focus on the novel functions of cardiac transcription factors and epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory proteins during cardiogenesis.
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48
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Chaix MA, Andelfinger G, Khairy P. Genetic testing in congenital heart disease: A clinical approach. World J Cardiol 2016; 8:180-191. [PMID: 26981213 PMCID: PMC4766268 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect. Traditionally, a polygenic model defined by the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors was hypothesized to account for different forms of CHD. It is now understood that the contribution of genetics to CHD extends beyond a single unified paradigm. For example, monogenic models and chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with various syndromic and non-syndromic forms of CHD. In such instances, genetic investigation and testing may potentially play an important role in clinical care. A family tree with a detailed phenotypic description serves as the initial screening tool to identify potentially inherited defects and to guide further genetic investigation. The selection of a genetic test is contingent upon the particular diagnostic hypothesis generated by clinical examination. Genetic investigation in CHD may carry the potential to improve prognosis by yielding valuable information with regards to personalized medical care, confidence in the clinical diagnosis, and/or targeted patient follow-up. Moreover, genetic assessment may serve as a tool to predict recurrence risk, define the pattern of inheritance within a family, and evaluate the need for further family screening. In some circumstances, prenatal or preimplantation genetic screening could identify fetuses or embryos at high risk for CHD. Although genetics may appear to constitute a highly specialized sector of cardiology, basic knowledge regarding inheritance patterns, recurrence risks, and available screening and diagnostic tools, including their strengths and limitations, could assist the treating physician in providing sound counsel.
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49
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Xiang FL, Guo M, Yutzey KE. Overexpression of Tbx20 in Adult Cardiomyocytes Promotes Proliferation and Improves Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2016; 133:1081-92. [PMID: 26841808 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.019357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) have the potential to proliferate, but this is not sufficient to generate adequate CMs after myocardial infarction (MI). The transcription factor Tbx20 is required for CM proliferation during development and adult CM homeostasis. The ability of Tbx20 overexpression (Tbx20(OE)) to promote adult CM proliferation and to improve cardiac function after MI was examined. METHODS AND RESULTS Tbx20(OE) was induced specifically in adult mouse differentiated CMs. Increased CM proliferation and fetal-like characteristics were found in Tbx20(OE) hearts compared with controls without causing pathology 4 weeks after Tbx20(OE) at baseline. Moreover, Tbx20(OE) in adult CM after MI significantly improved survival, cardiac function, and infarct size 4 weeks after MI. Improved cardiac repair, as indicated by increased CM proliferation and capillary density, was observed in the MI border zone of Tbx20(OE) hearts compared with controls. Expression of proliferation activator (cyclin D1, E1, and IGF1) and fetal contractile protein (ssTNI, βMHC) mRNA was increased whereas negative cell-cycle regulators (p21, Meis1) were decreased in Tbx20(OE) hearts compared with controls under both baseline and MI conditions. Tbx20(OE) in adult hearts activates multiple proproliferation pathways, including Akt, YAP and BMP. Interestingly, p21, Meis1, and a novel cell-cycle inhibitory gene, Btg2, are directly bound and repressed by Tbx20 with induction of proliferation in neonatal CM. CONCLUSIONS Tbx20(OE), specifically in adult CM, activates multiple cardiac proliferative pathways, directly represses cell-cycle inhibitory genes p21, Meis1, and Btg2, promotes adult CM proliferation; and preserves cardiac performance after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Li Xiang
- From Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, OH (F.-l.X., K.E.Y.); and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, OH (M.G.)
| | - Minzhe Guo
- From Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, OH (F.-l.X., K.E.Y.); and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, OH (M.G.)
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- From Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, OH (F.-l.X., K.E.Y.); and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, OH (M.G.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nemer
- From the Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lara Gharibeh
- From the Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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