1
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Dutta S, Muraganadan T, Vasudevan M. Evaluation of lamin A/C mechanotransduction under different surface topography in LMNA related muscular dystrophy. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39091017 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Most of the single point mutations of the LMNA gene are associated with distinct muscular dystrophies, marked by heterogenous phenotypes but primarily the loss and symmetric weakness of skeletal muscle tissue. The molecular mechanism and phenotype-genotype relationships in these muscular dystrophies are poorly understood. An effort has been here to delineating the adaptation of mechanical inputs into biological response by mutant cells of lamin A associated muscular dystrophy. In this study, we implement engineered smooth and pattern surfaces of particular young modulus to mimic muscle physiological range. Using fluorescence and atomic force microscopy, we present distinct architecture of the actin filament along with abnormally distorted cell and nuclear shape in mutants, which showed a tendency to deviate from wild type cells. Topographic features of pattern surface antagonize the binding of the cell with it. Correspondingly, from the analysis of genome wide expression data in wild type and mutant cells, we report differential expression of the gene products of the structural components of cell adhesion as well as LINC (linkers of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) protein complexes. This study also reveals mis expressed downstream signaling processes in mutant cells, which could potentially lead to onset of the disease upon the application of engineered materials to substitute the role of conventional cues in instilling cellular behaviors in muscular dystrophies. Collectively, these data support the notion that lamin A is essential for proper cellular mechanotransduction from extracellular environment to the genome and impairment of the muscle cell differentiation in the pathogenic mechanism for lamin A associated muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Theomics International Private Limited, Bengaluru, India
| | - T Muraganadan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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2
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Saadi A, Navarro C, Ozalp O, Lourenco CM, Fayek R, Da Silva N, Chaouch A, Benahmed M, Kubisch C, Munnich A, Lévy N, Roll P, Pacha LA, Chaouch M, Lessel D, De Sandre-Giovannoli A. A recurrent homozygous LMNA missense variant p.Thr528Met causes atypical progeroid syndrome characterized by mandibuloacral dysostosis, severe muscular dystrophy, and skeletal deformities. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2274-2289. [PMID: 37387251 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Atypical progeroid syndromes (APS) are premature aging syndromes caused by pathogenic LMNA missense variants, associated with unaltered expression levels of lamins A and C, without accumulation of wild-type or deleted prelamin A isoforms, as observed in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) or HGPS-like syndromes. A specific LMNA missense variant, (p.Thr528Met), was previously identified in a compound heterozygous state in patients affected by APS and severe familial partial lipodystrophy, whereas heterozygosity was recently identified in patients affected by Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy. Here, we report four unrelated boys harboring homozygosity for the p.Thr528Met, variant who presented with strikingly homogeneous APS clinical features, including osteolysis of mandibles, distal clavicles and phalanges, congenital muscular dystrophy with elevated creatine kinase levels, and major skeletal deformities. Immunofluorescence analyses of patient-derived primary fibroblasts showed a high percentage of dysmorphic nuclei with nuclear blebs and typical honeycomb patterns devoid of lamin B1. Interestingly, in some protrusions emerin or LAP2α formed aberrant aggregates, suggesting pathophysiology-associated clues. These four cases further confirm that a specific LMNA variant can lead to the development of strikingly homogeneous clinical phenotypes, in these particular cases a premature aging phenotype with major musculoskeletal involvement linked to the homozygous p.Thr528Met variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Saadi
- Service de neurologie, Etablissement Hospitalier Specialisé de Ben Aknoun, Université Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences, Service de neurologie, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Mustapha Bacha, Université Benyoucef Benkhedda Alger, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Claire Navarro
- INSERM, MMG, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Neoflow Therapeutics, 61 boulevard des Dames, 13002, Marseille, France
| | - Ozge Ozalp
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, Adana City Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences, Adana, Turkey
| | - Charles Marques Lourenco
- Neurogenetics Unit-Inborn Errors of Metabolism Clinics, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Department of Specialized Education, Personalized Medicine Area, DLE/Grupo Pardini, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Racha Fayek
- INSERM, MMG, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Athmane Chaouch
- Service de neurophysiologie, Etablissement Hospitalier Specialisé, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meryem Benahmed
- Service d'anatomo-pathologie, Centre Pierre Marie Curie, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institut de Recherche Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- INSERM, MMG, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, La Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Roll
- INSERM, MMG, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Cell Biology Laboratory, La Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Lamia Ali Pacha
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences, Service de neurologie, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Mustapha Bacha, Université Benyoucef Benkhedda Alger, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Malika Chaouch
- Service de neurologie, Etablissement Hospitalier Specialisé de Ben Aknoun, Université Benyoucef Benkhedda, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- INSERM, MMG, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, La Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
- Biological Resource Center (CRB-TAC), La Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
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3
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Zhang B, Powers JD, McCulloch AD, Chi NC. Nuclear mechanosignaling in striated muscle diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1126111. [PMID: 36960155 PMCID: PMC10027932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1126111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosignaling describes processes by which biomechanical stimuli are transduced into cellular responses. External biophysical forces can be transmitted via structural protein networks that span from the cellular membrane to the cytoskeleton and the nucleus, where they can regulate gene expression through a series of biomechanical and/or biochemical mechanosensitive mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, translocation of transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic factors. Striated muscle cells, including cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, utilize these nuclear mechanosignaling mechanisms to respond to changes in their intracellular and extracellular mechanical environment and mediate gene expression and cell remodeling. In this brief review, we highlight and discuss recent experimental work focused on the pathway of biomechanical stimulus propagation at the nucleus-cytoskeleton interface of striated muscles, and the mechanisms by which these pathways regulate gene regulation, muscle structure, and function. Furthermore, we discuss nuclear protein mutations that affect mechanosignaling function in human and animal models of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, current open questions and future challenges in investigating striated muscle nuclear mechanosignaling are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joseph D. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew D. McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Neil C. Chi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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4
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Chendey TV, Rishko MV, Chendey VI. COMPREHENSIVE CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY IN EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: A CASE REPORT. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:2531-2534. [PMID: 38112376 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202311130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A 25-year-old male with known EDMD was referred for the cardiology consultation due to symptoms of heart failure. Echocardiography showed decrease left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and therapy with ramipril, torsemide and rivaroxaban was initiated. Despite initial improvement, the patient later developed presyncope, bradycardia, irregular heartbeat and worsening of dyspnea. Therefore, implantation of resynchronization pacemaker with the function of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (CRT-D/P) was performed. Ramipril was substituted by sacubitril/valsartan, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and beta-blocker were initiated. Genetic testing found AD mutation in lamin A/C gene LMNA c.746G>A, p.(Arg249Gln). Upon follow-up, the patient demonstrated resolution of dyspnea and reverse remodeling of the left ventricle with complete restoration of the LVEF.
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Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Human Diseases Caused by Mutations of LINC Complex-Associated Genes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244065. [PMID: 36552829 PMCID: PMC9777268 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding proteins associated with the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex within the nuclear envelope cause different diseases with varying phenotypes including skeletal muscle, cardiac, metabolic, or nervous system pathologies. There is some understanding of the structure of LINC complex-associated proteins and how they interact, but it is unclear how mutations in genes encoding them can cause the same disease, and different diseases with different phenotypes. Here, published mutations in LINC complex-associated proteins were systematically reviewed and analyzed to ascertain whether patterns exist between the genetic sequence variants and clinical phenotypes. This revealed LMNA is the only LINC complex-associated gene in which mutations commonly cause distinct conditions, and there are no clear genotype-phenotype correlations. Clusters of LMNA variants causing striated muscle disease are located in exons 1 and 6, and metabolic disease-associated LMNA variants are frequently found in the tail of lamin A/C. Additionally, exon 6 of the emerin gene, EMD, may be a mutation "hot-spot", and diseases related to SYNE1, encoding nesprin-1, are most often caused by nonsense type mutations. These results provide insight into the diverse roles of LINC-complex proteins in human disease and provide direction for future gene-targeted therapy development.
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Kono Y, Adam SA, Sato Y, Reddy KL, Zheng Y, Medalia O, Goldman RD, Kimura H, Shimi T. Nucleoplasmic lamin C rapidly accumulates at sites of nuclear envelope rupture with BAF and cGAS. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202201024. [PMID: 36301259 PMCID: PMC9617480 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202201024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cell nuclei, the nuclear lamina (NL) underlies the nuclear envelope (NE) to maintain nuclear structure. The nuclear lamins, the major structural components of the NL, are involved in the protection against NE rupture induced by mechanical stress. However, the specific role of the lamins in repair of NE ruptures has not been fully determined. Our analyses using immunofluorescence and live-cell imaging revealed that the nucleoplasmic pool of lamin C rapidly accumulated at sites of NE rupture induced by laser microirradiation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The accumulation of lamin C at the rupture sites required both the immunoglobulin-like fold domain that binds to barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) and a nuclear localization signal. The accumulation of nuclear BAF and cytoplasmic cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) at the rupture sites was in part dependent on lamin A/C. These results suggest that nucleoplasmic lamin C, BAF, and cGAS concertedly accumulate at sites of NE rupture for rapid repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kono
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Stephen A. Adam
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Karen L. Reddy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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7
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Ghosh DK, Pande S, Kumar J, Yesodharan D, Nampoothiri S, Radhakrishnan P, Reddy CG, Ranjan A, Girisha KM. The E262K mutation in Lamin A links nuclear proteostasis imbalance to laminopathy-associated premature aging. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13688. [PMID: 36225129 PMCID: PMC9649601 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deleterious, mostly de novo, mutations in the lamin A (LMNA) gene cause spatio-functional nuclear abnormalities that result in several laminopathy-associated progeroid conditions. In this study, exome sequencing in a sixteen-year-old male with manifestations of premature aging led to the identification of a mutation, c.784G>A, in LMNA, resulting in a missense protein variant, p.Glu262Lys (E262K), that aggregates in nucleoplasm. While bioinformatic analyses reveal the instability and pathogenicity of LMNAE262K , local unfolding of the mutation-harboring helical region drives the structural collapse of LMNAE262K into aggregates. The E262K mutation also disrupts SUMOylation of lysine residues by preventing UBE2I binding to LMNAE262K , thereby reducing LMNAE262K degradation, aggregated LMNAE262K sequesters nuclear chaperones, proteasomal proteins, and DNA repair proteins. Consequently, aggregates of LMNAE262K disrupt nuclear proteostasis and DNA repair response. Thus, we report a structure-function association of mutant LMNAE262K with toxicity, which is consistent with the concept that loss of nuclear proteostasis causes early aging in laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, India
| | - Shruti Pande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, India
| | - Jeevan Kumar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, India
| | - Dhanya Yesodharan
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - Periyasamy Radhakrishnan
- Suma Genomics Private Limited, Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research and Department of Reproductive Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Chilakala Gangi Reddy
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Akash Ranjan
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, India
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Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy caused by a mutation in the lamin A/C gene identified by exome sequencing: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:601. [PMID: 36253810 PMCID: PMC9575219 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is an uncommon genetic disease among the group of muscular dystrophies. EDMD is clinically heterogeneous and resembles other muscular dystrophies. Mutation of the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene, which causes EDMD, also causes many other diseases. There is inter and intrafamilial variability in clinical presentations. Precise diagnosis can help in patient surveillance, especially before they present with cardiac problems. Hence, this paper shows how a molecular work-out by next-generation sequencing can help this group of disorders. Case presentation A 2-year-10-month-old Javanese boy presented to our clinic with weakness in lower limbs and difficulty climbing stairs. The clinical features of the boy were Gower's sign, waddling gait and high CK level. His father presented with elbow contractures and heels, toe walking and weakness of limbs, pelvic, and peroneus muscles. Exome sequencing on this patient detected a pathogenic variant in the LMNA gene (NM_170707: c.C1357T: NP_733821: p.Arg453Trp) that has been reported to cause Autosomal Dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Further examination showed total atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation in the father. Conclusion EDMD is a rare disabling muscular disease that poses a diagnostic challenge. Family history work-up and thorough neuromuscular physical examinations are needed. Early diagnosis is essential to recognize orthopaedic and cardiac complications, improving the clinical management and prognosis of the disease. Exome sequencing could successfully determine pathogenic variants to provide a conclusive diagnosis.
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9
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Hinz BE, Walker SG, Xiong A, Gogal RA, Schnieders MJ, Wallrath LL. In Silico and In Vivo Analysis of Amino Acid Substitutions That Cause Laminopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011226. [PMID: 34681887 PMCID: PMC8536974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene cause diseases called laminopathies. LMNA encodes lamins A and C, intermediate filaments with multiple roles at the nuclear envelope. LMNA mutations are frequently single base changes that cause diverse disease phenotypes affecting muscles, nerves, and fat. Disease-associated amino acid substitutions were mapped in silico onto three-dimensional structures of lamin A/C, revealing no apparent genotype–phenotype connections. In silico analyses revealed that seven of nine predicted partner protein binding pockets in the Ig-like fold domain correspond to sites of disease-associated amino acid substitutions. Different amino acid substitutions at the same position within lamin A/C cause distinct diseases, raising the question of whether the nature of the amino acid replacement or genetic background differences contribute to disease phenotypes. Substitutions at R249 in the rod domain cause muscular dystrophies with varying severity. To address this variability, we modeled R249Q and R249W in Drosophila Lamin C, an orthologue of LMNA. Larval body wall muscles expressing mutant Lamin C caused abnormal nuclear morphology and premature death. When expressed in indirect flight muscles, R249W caused a greater number of adults with wing posturing defects than R249Q, consistent with observations that R249W and R249Q cause distinct muscular dystrophies, with R249W more severe. In this case, the nature of the amino acid replacement appears to dictate muscle disease severity. Together, our findings illustrate the utility of Drosophila for predicting muscle disease severity and pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E. Hinz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Sydney G. Walker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Austin Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Rose A. Gogal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Michael J. Schnieders
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.E.H.); (S.G.W.); (A.X.); (M.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-7920
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10
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Novel clinical features and pleiotropic effect in three unrelated patients with LMNA variant. Clin Dysmorphol 2021; 30:10-16. [PMID: 33038109 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
LMNA gene encodes A-type lamins and the encoded proteins join the structure of the nuclear lamina and affect the processes of nuclear homeostasis, DNA replication, repair, transcription, and apoptosis. LMNA variants cause a heterogeneous group of diseases known as laminopathies. Phenotypes associated with LMNA variants mainly affect the heart, skeleton, skin, bones, and nervous system. The affected tissues may vary depending on the site of the variant on the gene and the variation type. Complex phenotypes may also occur in some cases, in which findings of premature aging, cardiomyopathy, mandibuloacral dysplasia, lipodystrophy, renal involvement, metabolic involvement, and myopathy coexist. The pleiotropic effect of LMNA variants can result in heterogeneous phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to describe atypical phenotypic characteristics in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 associated with LMNA variant, another with mandibuloacral dysplasia, and a third patient with a complex phenotype as well as discuss them in the context of their relationship with the genotype.
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11
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Darki L, Jalali-Sohi A, Guzman S, Mathew AJ, Bucelli RC, Hurth KM, Beydoun SR. Reducing body myopathy associated with the LIM2 p.(His123Arg) FHL1 variant. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106795. [PMID: 34273663 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reducing body myopathy (RBM) is a rare muscle disorder, with marked presence of characteristic intracytoplasmic aggregates in affected muscle fibers. RBM is associated with FHL1 gene mutations. Clinical presentations of RBM have ranged from early fatal to adult onset progressive muscle weakness. We present herein the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and muscle biopsy findings of a 17-year-old female with progressive muscle weakness and contracture. Muscle biopsy showed atrophic fibers that contained menadione nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) positive reducing bodies. Genetic testing revealed a variant of uncertain significance in the FHL1 gene at a position known to be pathogenic when substituted by other amino acids (p.His123Arg). This variant was later reclassified as pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Darki
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology of the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Arash Jalali-Sohi
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology of the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samuel Guzman
- Department of Pathology of the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anna J Mathew
- Department of Pathology of the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kyle M Hurth
- Department of Pathology of the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Said R Beydoun
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology of the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Jędrzejowska M, Potulska-Chromik A, Gos M, Gambin T, Dębek E, Rosiak E, Stępień A, Szymańczak R, Wojtaś B, Gielniewski B, Ciara E, Sobczyńska A, Chrzanowska K, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Madej-Pilarczyk A. Floppy infant syndrome as a first manifestation of LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 32:115-121. [PMID: 33940562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) is the most severe phenotypic form of skeletal muscle laminopathies. This paper reports clinical presentation of the disease in 15 Polish patients from 13 families with genetically confirmed skeletal muscle laminopathy. In all these patients floppy infant syndrome was the first manifestation of the disease. The genetic diagnosis was established by next generation sequencing (targeted panel or exome; 11 patients) or classic Sanger sequencing (4 patients). In addition to known pathogenic LMNA variants: c.116A > G (p.Asn39Ser), c.745C > T (p.Arg249Trp), c.746G > A (p.Arg249Gln), c.1072G > A (p.Glu358Lys), c.1147G > A (p.Glu383Lys), c.1163G > C (p.Arg388Pro), c.1357C > T (p.Arg453Trp), c.1583C > G (p.Thr528Arg), we have identified three novel ones: c.121C > G (p.Arg41Gly), c.1127A > G (p.Tyr376Cys) and c.1160T > C (p.Leu387Pro). Eleven patients had de novo mutations, 4 - familial. In one family we observed intrafamilial variability of clinical course: severe L-CMD in the male proband, intermediate form in his sister and asymptomatic in their mother. One asymptomatic father had somatic mosaicism. L-CMD should be suspected in children with hypotonia in infancy and delayed motor development, who have poor head control, severe hyperlordosis and unstable and awkward gait. Serum creatine kinase may be high (~1000IU/l). Progression of muscle weakness is fast, leading to early immobilization. In some patients with L-CMD joint contractures can develop with time. MRI shows that the most frequently affected muscles are the serratus anterior, lumbar paraspinal, gluteus, vastus, adductor magnus, hamstrings, medial head of gastrocnemius and soleus. Ultra-rare laminopathies can be a relatively common cause of generalized hypotonia in children. Introduction of wide genome sequencing methods was a breakthrough in diagnostics of diseases with great clinical and genetic variability and allowed approach "from genotype do phenotype". However target sequencing of LMNA gene could be considered in selected patients with clinical picture suggestive for laminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jędrzejowska
- Rare Diseases Research Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Monika Gos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Dębek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Rosiak
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stępień
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Wojtaś
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Partial Lipodystrophy and LMNA p.R545H Variant. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051142. [PMID: 33803191 PMCID: PMC7963176 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are disorders caused by LMNA gene mutations, which selectively affect different tissues and organ systems, and present with heterogeneous clinical and pathological traits. The molecular mechanisms behind these clinical differences and tissue specificity have not been fully clarified. We herein examine the case of a patient carrying a heterozygous LMNA c.1634G>A (p.R545H) variant with a mild, transient myopathy, who was referred to our center for the suspicion of lipodystrophy. At physical examination, an abnormal distribution of subcutaneous fat was noticed, with fat accumulation in the anterior regions of the neck, resembling the fat distribution pattern of familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2). The R545H missense variant has been found at very low allelic frequency in public databases, and in silico analysis showed that this amino acid substitution is predicted to have a damaging role. Other patients carrying the heterozygous LMNA p.R545H allele have shown a marked clinical heterogeneity in terms of phenotypic body fat distribution and severity of organ system involvement. These findings indicate that the LMNA p.R545H heterozygous variant exhibits incomplete penetrance and highly variable expressivity. We hypothesized that additional genetic factors, epigenetic mechanisms, or environmental triggers might explain the variable expressivity of phenotypes among various patients.
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14
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Separation of Coiled-Coil Structures in Lamin A/C Is Required for the Elongation of the Filament. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010055. [PMID: 33396475 PMCID: PMC7824274 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) commonly have structural elements of a central α-helical coiled-coil domain consisting of coil 1a, coil 1b, coil 2, and their flanking linkers. Recently, the crystal structure of a long lamin A/C fragment was determined and showed detailed features of a tetrameric unit. The structure further suggested a new binding mode between tetramers, designated eA22, where a parallel overlap of coil 1a and coil 2 is the critical interaction. This study investigated the biochemical effects of genetic mutations causing human diseases, focusing on the eA22 interaction. The mutant proteins exhibited either weakened or augmented interactions between coil 1a and coil 2. The ensuing biochemical results indicated that the interaction requires the separation of the coiled-coils in the N-terminal of coil 1a and the C-terminal of coil 2, coupled with the structural transition in the central α-helical rod domain. This study provides insight into the role of coil 1a as a molecular regulator in the elongation of IF proteins.
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15
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Wang S, Peng D. Case series: LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy presents with reginal wall akinesis and transmural late gadolinium enhancement. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3179-3183. [PMID: 32666643 PMCID: PMC7524123 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with LMNA mutation‐related heart disease are characterized by conduction abnormalities, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and high risk of sudden cardiac death with mildly impaired systolic function, often without chamber dilation. Here, we presented three unrelated cases with LMNA mutation exhibited unusual cardiac phenotype of marked LV dilation, significant reduced ejection fraction with reginal wall akinesis, and transmural enhancement with a predilection of lateral wall on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). These three patients were found to have confirmed pathological LMNA mutations (c.1621C > T, p.R541C and c.1621G > A, p.R541H) at the same location (p.R541) in the tail region of lamin A/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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16
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Fan Y, Tan D, Song D, Zhang X, Chang X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Chan SHS, Wu Q, Wu L, Wang S, Yan H, Ge L, Yang H, Mao B, Bönnemann C, Liu J, Wang S, Yuan Y, Wu X, Zhang H, Xiong H. Clinical spectrum and genetic variations of LMNA-related muscular dystrophies in a large cohort of Chinese patients. J Med Genet 2020; 58:326-333. [PMID: 32571898 PMCID: PMC8086255 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background LMNA-related muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in LMNA gene. We aimed to identify genetic variations and clinical features in a large cohort of Chinese patients with LMNA mutations in an attempt to establish genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods The clinical presentations of patients with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy were recorded using retrospective and prospective cohort study. LMNA mutation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing. Mosaicism was detected by personal genome machine amplicon deep sequencing for mosaicism. Results Eighty-four patients were identified to harbour LMNA mutations. Forty-one of those were diagnosed with LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD), 32 with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and 11 with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B). We identified 21 novel and 29 known LMNA mutations. Two frequent mutations were identified: c.745C>T and c.1357C>T. A correlation between the location of mutation and the clinical phenotype was observed: mutations affecting the head and coil 2A domains mainly occurred in L-CMD, while the coil 2B and Ig-like domains mainly related to EDMD and LGMD1B. We found somatic mosaicism in one parent of four probands. Muscle biopsies revealed 11 of 20 biopsied L-CMD exhibited inflammatory changes, and muscle cell ultrastructure showed abnormal nuclear morphology. Conclusions Our detailed clinical and genetic analysis of 84 patients with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy expands clinical spectrum and broadens genetic variations caused by LMNA mutations. We identified 21 novel and 29 known LMNA mutations and found two frequent mutations. A correlation between the location of mutation and the clinical severity was observed. Preliminary data suggested that low-dose corticosteroid treatment may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Danyu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center of Ultrastructural Pathology, Lab of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophelia Hoi-Shan Chan
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qixi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haipo Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Mao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Carsten Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jingying Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Center of Ultrastructural Pathology, Lab of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiru Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Heller SA, Shih R, Kalra R, Kang PB. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2019; 61:436-448. [PMID: 31840275 PMCID: PMC7154529 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a rare muscular dystrophy, but is particularly important to diagnose due to frequent life-threatening cardiac complications. EDMD classically presents with muscle weakness, early contractures, cardiac conduction abnormalities and cardiomyopathy, although the presence and severity of these manifestations vary by subtype and individual. Associated genes include EMD, LMNA, SYNE1, SYNE2, FHL1, TMEM43, SUN1, SUN2, and TTN, encoding emerin, lamin A/C, nesprin-1, nesprin-2, FHL1, LUMA, SUN1, SUN2, and titin, respectively. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database recognizes subtypes 1 through 7, which captures most but not all of the associated genes. Genetic diagnosis is essential whenever available, but traditional diagnostic tools can help steer the evaluation toward EDMD and assist with interpretation of equivocal genetic test results. Management is primarily supportive, but it is important to monitor patients closely, especially for potential cardiac complications. There is a high potential for progress in the treatment of EDMD in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Heller
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Renata Shih
- Congenital Heart Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Raghav Kalra
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Genetics Institute and Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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18
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Peretto G, Di Resta C, Perversi J, Forleo C, Maggi L, Politano L, Barison A, Previtali SC, Carboni N, Brun F, Pegoraro E, D'Amico A, Rodolico C, Magri F, Manzi RC, Palladino A, Isola F, Gigli L, Mongini TE, Semplicini C, Calore C, Ricci G, Comi GP, Ruggiero L, Bertini E, Bonomo P, Nigro G, Resta N, Emdin M, Favale S, Siciliano G, Santoro L, Sinagra G, Limongelli G, Ambrosi A, Ferrari M, Golzio PG, Bella PD, Benedetti S, Sala S. Cardiac and Neuromuscular Features of Patients With LMNA-Related Cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med 2019; 171:458-463. [PMID: 31476771 DOI: 10.7326/m18-2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the LMNA (lamin A/C) gene have been associated with neuromuscular and cardiac manifestations, but the clinical implications of these signs are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To learn more about the natural history of LMNA-related disease. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING 13 clinical centers in Italy from 2000 through 2018. PATIENTS 164 carriers of an LMNA mutation. MEASUREMENTS Detailed cardiologic and neurologic evaluation at study enrollment and for a median of 10 years of follow-up. RESULTS The median age at enrollment was 38 years, and 51% of participants were female. Neuromuscular manifestations preceded cardiac signs by a median of 11 years, but by the end of follow-up, 90% of the patients had electrical heart disease followed by structural heart disease. Overall, 10 patients (6%) died, 14 (9%) received a heart transplant, and 32 (20%) had malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Fifteen patients had gait loss, and 6 had respiratory failure. Atrial fibrillation and second- and third-degree atrioventricular block were observed, respectively, in 56% and 51% of patients with combined cardiac and neuromuscular manifestations and 37% and 33% of those with heart disease only. LIMITATIONS Some of the data were collected retrospectively. Neuromuscular manifestations were more frequent in this analysis than in previous studies. CONCLUSION Many patients with an LMNA mutation have neurologic symptoms by their 30s and develop progressive cardiac manifestations during the next decade. A substantial proportion of these patients will have life-threatening neurologic or cardiologic conditions. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Peretto
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy (G.P.)
| | - Chiara Di Resta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
| | - Jacopo Perversi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città delle Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (J.P., T.E.M., P.G.G.)
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy (C.F., N.R., S.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy (L.M.)
| | - Luisa Politano
- University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy (L.P., A.P.)
| | - Andrea Barison
- Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy (A.B., M.E.)
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
| | - Nicola Carboni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; San Francesco Hospital, Nuoro, Italy (N.C.)
| | - Francesca Brun
- Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (F.B., G.S.)
| | | | - Adele D'Amico
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy (A.D., E.B.)
| | | | - Francesca Magri
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.M., G.P.C.)
| | - Rosa C Manzi
- Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy (R.C.M., F.I., P.B.)
| | | | - Franco Isola
- Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy (R.C.M., F.I., P.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Gigli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
| | - Tiziana E Mongini
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città delle Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (J.P., T.E.M., P.G.G.)
| | | | - Chiara Calore
- University of Padua, Padua, Italy (E.P., C.S., C.C.)
| | | | - Giacomo P Comi
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (F.M., G.P.C.)
| | | | - Enrico Bertini
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy (A.D., E.B.)
| | - Paolo Bonomo
- Santissima Trinità Hospital, Cagliari, Italy (R.C.M., F.I., P.B.)
| | | | - Nicoletta Resta
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy (C.F., N.R., S.F.)
| | - Michele Emdin
- Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy (A.B., M.E.)
| | - Stefano Favale
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy (C.F., N.R., S.F.)
| | | | | | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (F.B., G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy, and University College of London, London, United Kingdom (G.L.)
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
| | - Pier G Golzio
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città delle Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy (J.P., T.E.M., P.G.G.)
| | - Paolo Della Bella
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
| | - Sara Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
| | - Simone Sala
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (C.D., S.C.P., L.G., A.A., M.F., P.D.B., S.B., S.S.)
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Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), clinically characterized by scapulo-humero-peroneal muscle atrophy and weakness, multi-joint contractures with spine rigidity and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects, is associated with structural/functional defect of genes that encode the proteins of nuclear envelope, including lamin A and several lamin-interacting proteins. This paper presents clinical aspects of EDMD in context to causative genes, genotype-phenotype correlation and its emplacement within phenotypic spectrum of skeletal muscle diseases associated with envelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Madej-Pilarczyk
- a Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
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20
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D’AMBROSIO PAOLA, PETILLO ROBERTA, TORELLA ANNALAURA, PAPA ANDREAANTONIO, PALLADINO ALBERTO, ORSINI CHIARA, ERGOLI MANUELA, PASSAMANO LUIGIA, NOVELLI ANTONIO, NIGRO VINCENZO, POLITANO LUISA. Cardiac diseases as a predictor warning of hereditary muscle diseases. The case of laminopathies. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2019; 38:33-36. [PMID: 31309180 PMCID: PMC6598412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with a wide spectrum of disease phenotypes, ranging from neuromuscular, cardiac and metabolic disorders to premature aging syndromes. Skeletal muscle involvement may present with different phenotypes: limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B or LMNA-related dystrophy; autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy; and a congenital form of muscular dystrophy, frequently associated with early onset of arrhythmias. Heart involvement may occur as part of the muscle involvement or independently, regardless of the presence of the myopathy. Notably conduction defects and dilated cardiomyopathy may exist without a muscle disease. This paper will focus on cardiac diseases presenting as the first manifestation of skeletal muscle hereditary disorders such as laminopathies, inspired by two large families with cardiovascular problems long followed by conventional cardiologists who did not suspect a genetic muscle disorder underlying these events. Furthermore it underlines the need for a multidisciplinary approach in these disorders and how the figure of the cardio-myo-geneticist may play a key role in facilitating the diagnostic process, and addressing the adoption of appropriate prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- PAOLA D’AMBROSIO
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - ROBERTA PETILLO
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - ANNALAURA TORELLA
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Precisin Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - ANDREA ANTONIO PAPA
- Arrhythmology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - ALBERTO PALLADINO
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - CHIARA ORSINI
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - MANUELA ERGOLI
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - LUIGIA PASSAMANO
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - VINCENZO NIGRO
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Precisin Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - LUISA POLITANO
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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21
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Choi JC, Wu W, Phillips E, Plevin R, Sera F, Homma S, Worman HJ. Elevated dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 in cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation is primarily ERK1/2-dependent and its depletion improves cardiac function and survival. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2290-2305. [PMID: 29668927 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) encoding the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamins A and C cause a group of tissue-selective diseases, the most common of which is dilated cardiomyopathy (herein referred to as LMNA cardiomyopathy) with variable skeletal muscle involvement. We previously showed that cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is involved in the pathogenesis of LMNA cardiomyopathy. However, how mutations in LMNA activate Dusp4 expression and whether it is necessary for the development of LMNA cardiomyopathy are currently unknown. We now show that female LmnaH222P/H222P mice, a model for LMNA cardiomyopathy, have increased Dusp4 expression and hyperactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 with delayed kinetics relative to male mice, consistent with the sex-dependent delay in the onset and progression of disease. Mechanistically, we show that the H222P amino acid substitution in lamin A enhances its binding to ERK1/2 and increases sequestration at the nuclear envelope. Finally, we show that genetic deletion of Dusp4 has beneficial effects on heart function and prolongs survival in LmnaH222P/H222P mice. These results further establish Dusp4 as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of LMNA cardiomyopathy and a potential target for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Choi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Fusako Sera
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shunichi Homma
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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22
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van Tienen FHJ, Lindsey PJ, Kamps MAF, Krapels IP, Ramaekers FCS, Brunner HG, van den Wijngaard A, Broers JLV. Assessment of fibroblast nuclear morphology aids interpretation of LMNA variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 27:389-399. [PMID: 30420677 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic heterogeneity of Lamin A/C (LMNA) variants renders it difficult to classify them. As a consequence, many LMNA variants are classified as variant of unknown significance (VUS). A number of studies reported different types of visible nuclear abnormalities in LMNA-variant carriers, such as herniations, honeycomb-like structures and irregular Lamin staining. In this study, we used lamin A/C immunostaining and nuclear DAPI staining to assess the number and type of nuclear abnormalities in primary dermal fibroblast cultures of laminopathy patients and healthy controls. The total number of abnormal nuclei, which includes herniations, honeycomb-structures, and donut-like nuclei, was found to be the most discriminating parameter between laminopathy and control cell cultures. The percentage abnormal nuclei was subsequently scored in fibroblasts of 28 LMNA variant carriers, ranging from (likely) benign to (likely) pathogenic variant. Using this method, 27 out of 28 fibroblast cell cultures could be classified as either normal (n = 14) or laminopathy (n = 13) and no false positive results were obtained. The obtained specificity was 100% (CI 40-100%) and sensitivity 77% (46-95%). We conclude that assessing the percentage of abnormal nuclei is a quick and reliable method, which aids classification or confirms pathogenicity of identified LMNA variants causing formation of aberrant lamin A/C protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence H J van Tienen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Patrick J Lindsey
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam A F Kamps
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P Krapels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans C S Ramaekers
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos L V Broers
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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23
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Spanu F, Saba L. Obesity and pericallosal lipoma in X-linked emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy: A case report - Does Emerin play a role in adipocyte differentiation? World J Radiol 2018; 10:78-82. [PMID: 30079154 PMCID: PMC6068725 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v10.i7.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emery dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a rare genetic syndrome consisting of tendon retractions, progressive muscle atrophy and cardiac involvement. We report a case of an obese patient affected by the familial X-linked form in which a pericallosal lipoma was found during investigation for a suspected acute vasculopathy. To date, EDMD has never been associated with cerebral lipomas and the X-linked form was never considered to be involved in lipodystrophic syndromes or non-muscular conditions. Our case confirms the variable expressivity of the disease and suggests a possible role of Emerin in the intranuclear regulation of signals for adipocyte cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Spanu
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Cagliari 09045, Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Cagliari 09045, Italy
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24
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Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex proteins in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1033-1051. [PMID: 29869195 PMCID: PMC6082319 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex couples the nuclear lamina to the cytoskeleton. The LINC complex and its associated proteins play diverse roles in cells, ranging from genome organization, nuclear morphology, gene expression, to mechanical stability. The importance of a functional LINC complex is highlighted by the large number of mutations in genes encoding LINC complex proteins that lead to skeletal and cardiac myopathies. In this review, the structure, function, and interactions between components of the LINC complex will be described. Mutations that are known to cause cardiomyopathy in patients will be discussed alongside their respective mouse models. Furthermore, future challenges for the field and emerging technologies to investigate LINC complex function will be discussed.
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25
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SIVITSKAYA LARYSAN, DANILENKO NINAG, VAIKHANSKAYA TATIYANAG, KURUSHKA TATSIYANAV, DAVYDENKO OLEGG. Three new cases of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in LMNA gene. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2017; 36:207-212. [PMID: 29770364 PMCID: PMC5953234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three cases of delated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with conduction defects (OMIM 115200), limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1B (OMIM 159001) and autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2 (OMIM 181350), all associated with different LMNA mutations are presented. Three heterozygous missense mutations were identified in unrelated patients - p.W520R (c.1558T > C), p.T528R (с.1583С > G) and p.R190P (c.569G > C). We consider these variants as pathogenic, leading to isolated DCM with conduction defects or syndromic DCM forms with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. The mutations were not detected in the ethnically matched control group and publicly available population databases. Their de novo occurrence led to the development of the disease that was not previously detected in the extended families. Mutations at the same codons associated with laminopathies have been already reported. Differences in the clinical phenotype for p.R190P and p.T528R carrier patients are shown and compared to previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- LARYSA N. SIVITSKAYA
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - NINA G. DANILENKO
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | | | - OLEG G. DAVYDENKO
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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26
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Florwick A, Dharmaraj T, Jurgens J, Valle D, Wilson KL. LMNA Sequences of 60,706 Unrelated Individuals Reveal 132 Novel Missense Variants in A-Type Lamins and Suggest a Link between Variant p.G602S and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Genet 2017; 8:79. [PMID: 28663758 PMCID: PMC5471320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, encoding nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamins A and C, cause multiple diseases ('laminopathies') including muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2), insulin resistance syndrome and progeria. To assess the prevalence of LMNA missense mutations ('variants') in a broad, ethnically diverse population, we compared missense alleles found among 60,706 unrelated individuals in the ExAC cohort to those identified in 1,404 individuals in the laminopathy database (UMD-LMNA). We identified 169 variants in the ExAC cohort, of which 37 (∼22%) are disease-associated including p.I299V (allele frequency 0.0402%), p.G602S (allele frequency 0.0262%) and p.R644C (allele frequency 0.124%), suggesting certain LMNA mutations are more common than previously recognized. Independent analysis of LMNA variants via the type 2 diabetes (T2D) Knowledge Portal showed that variant p.G602S associated significantly with type 2 diabetes (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 4.58), and was more frequent in African Americans (allele frequency 0.297%). The FPLD2-associated variant I299V was most prevalent in Latinos (allele frequency 0.347%). The ExAC cohort also revealed 132 novel LMNA missense variants including p.K108E (limited to individuals with psychiatric disease; predicted to perturb coil-1B), p.R397C and p.R427C (predicted to perturb filament biogenesis), p.G638R and p.N660D (predicted to perturb prelamin A processing), and numerous Ig-fold variants predicted to perturb phenotypically characteristic protein-protein interactions. Overall, this two-pronged strategy- mining a large database for missense variants in a single gene (LMNA), coupled to knowledge about the structure, biogenesis and functions of A-type lamins- revealed an unexpected number of LMNA variants, including novel variants predicted to perturb lamin assembly or function. Interestingly, this study also correlated novel variant p.K108E with psychiatric disease, identified known variant p.I299V as a potential risk factor for metabolic disease in Latinos, linked variant p.G602 with type 2 diabetes, and identified p.G602S as a predictor of diabetes risk in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Florwick
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Tejas Dharmaraj
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Julie Jurgens
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Katherine L. Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
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27
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Edens LJ, Dilsaver MR, Levy DL. PKC-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear lamins at a single serine residue regulates interphase nuclear size in Xenopus and mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1389-1399. [PMID: 28356420 PMCID: PMC5426852 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-11-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
How nuclear size is regulated is a fundamental cell-biological question with relevance to cancers, which often exhibit enlarged nuclei. We previously reported that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) contributes to nuclear size reductions that occur during early Xenopus development. Here we report that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of lamin B3 (LB3) contributes to this mechanism of nuclear size regulation. By mapping PKC phosphorylation sites on LB3 and testing the effects of phosphomutants in Xenopus laevis embryos, we identify the novel site S267 as being an important determinant of nuclear size. Furthermore, FRAP studies demonstrate that phosphorylation at this site increases lamina dynamics, providing a mechanistic explanation for how PKC activity influences nuclear size. We subsequently map this X. laevis LB3 phosphorylation site to a conserved site in mammalian lamin A (LA), S268. Manipulating PKC activity in cultured mammalian cells alters nuclear size, as does expression of LA-S268 phosphomutants. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PKC-mediated lamin phosphorylation is a conserved mechanism of nuclear size regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Edens
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Matthew R Dilsaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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28
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Abstract
The nucleus is separated from the cytosol by the nuclear envelope, which is a double lipid bilayer composed of the outer nuclear membrane and the inner nuclear membrane. The intermediate filament proteins lamin A, lamin B, and lamin C form a network underlying the inner nuclear membrane. This proteinaceous network provides the nucleus with its strength, rigidity, and elasticity. Positioned within the inner nuclear membrane are more than 150 inner nuclear membrane proteins, many of which interact directly with lamins and require lamins for their inner nuclear membrane localization. Inner nuclear membrane proteins and the nuclear lamins define the nuclear lamina. These inner nuclear membrane proteins have tissue-specific expression and diverse functions including regulating cytoskeletal organization, nuclear architecture, cell cycle dynamics, and genomic organization. Loss or mutations in lamins and inner nuclear membrane proteins cause a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, I will review the functions of the well-studied nuclear lamina proteins and the diseases associated with loss or mutations in these proteins. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1655-1674, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Holaska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Distal acroosteolysis, poikiloderma and joint stiffness: a novel laminopathy? Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1220-2. [PMID: 26733286 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LMNA encodes lamin A and lamin C, two major components of the nuclear lamina, and its pathogenic variants lead to a dozen distinct clinical entities collectively known as laminopathies. Most LMNA-related laminopathies are autosomal dominant but four are autosomal recessive; furthermore, some of the dominant variants have been associated with distinct phenotypes when inherited recessively, further complicating the ability to correlate genotype with phenotype. We report a consanguineous family in which the index presented with an apparently unique constellation of poikiloderma, joint motion restriction and distal acroosteolysis but lacks features of muscle weakness, lipodystrophy, or cardiac or craniofacial involvement. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of a novel homozygous LMNA missense variant (NM_170707.3:c.1774G>A; p.(Gly592Arg)) within an area of autozygome that is not shared by his unaffected siblings. The proposed causal link is further supported by in silico analysis of this variant. Our case suggests an expansion of LMNA allelic disorders to include distal acroosteolysis, poikiloderma and joint stiffness (DAPJ).
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30
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Zhang L, Shen H, Zhao Z, Bing Q, Hu J. Cardiac effects of the c.1583 C→G LMNA mutation in two families with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5065-71. [PMID: 26165385 PMCID: PMC4581790 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine and analyze cardiac involvement in two Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) pedigrees caused by the c.1583 C→G mutation of the lamin A/C gene (LMNA). The clinical and genetic characteristics of members of two families with EDMD were evaluated by performing neurological examinations, skeletal muscle biopsies, cardiac evaluations, including electrocardiography, 24 h Holter, ultrasound cardiography and 99TcM-MIBI-gated myocardiac perfusion imaging, and genomic DNA sequencing. Family history investigations revealed an autosomal dominant transmission pattern of the disease in Family 1 and a sporadic case in Family 2. The three affected patients exhibited typical clinical features of EDMD, including joint contractures, muscle weakness and cardiac involvement. Muscle histopathological investigation revealed dystrophic features. In addition, each affected individual exhibited either cardiac arrhythmia, which was evident as sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter or complete atrioventricular inhibition. Cardiac imaging revealed dilated cardiomyopathy in two of the individuals, one of whom was presented with heart failure. The second patient presented with no significant abnormalities in cardiac structure or function. The three affected individuals exhibited a heterozygous missense mutation in the LMNA gene (c.1583 C→G), which caused a T528R amino acid change in the LMNA protein. In conclusion, the present study identified three patients with EDMD, exhibiting the same dominant LMNA mutation and presenting with a spectrum of severe cardiac abnormalities, including cardiac conduction system defects, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. As LMNA mutations have been associated with at least six clinical disorders, including EDMD, the results of the present study provide additional mutational and functional data, which may assist in further establishing LMNA mutational variation and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Hongrui Shen
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Qi Bing
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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31
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First report of a novel LMNA mutation in a Chinese family with limb–girdle muscular dystrophy. J Genet 2015; 93:843-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Davies BSJ, Coffinier C, Yang SH, Barnes RH, Jung HJ, Young SG, Fong LG. Investigating the purpose of prelamin A processing. Nucleus 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/nucl.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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33
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Meinke P, Mattioli E, Haque F, Antoku S, Columbaro M, Straatman KR, Worman HJ, Gundersen GG, Lattanzi G, Wehnert M, Shackleton S. Muscular dystrophy-associated SUN1 and SUN2 variants disrupt nuclear-cytoskeletal connections and myonuclear organization. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004605. [PMID: 25210889 PMCID: PMC4161305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the nuclear envelope (NE) are associated with a range of inherited disorders, most commonly involving muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy, as exemplified by Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). EDMD is both genetically and phenotypically variable, and some evidence of modifier genes has been reported. Six genes have so far been linked to EDMD, four encoding proteins associated with the LINC complex that connects the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. However, 50% of patients have no identifiable mutations in these genes. Using a candidate approach, we have identified putative disease-causing variants in the SUN1 and SUN2 genes, also encoding LINC complex components, in patients with EDMD and related myopathies. Our data also suggest that SUN1 and SUN2 can act as disease modifier genes in individuals with co-segregating mutations in other EDMD genes. Five SUN1/SUN2 variants examined impaired rearward nuclear repositioning in fibroblasts, confirming defective LINC complex function in nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling. Furthermore, myotubes from a patient carrying compound heterozygous SUN1 mutations displayed gross defects in myonuclear organization. This was accompanied by loss of recruitment of centrosomal marker, pericentrin, to the NE and impaired microtubule nucleation at the NE, events that are required for correct myonuclear arrangement. These defects were recapitulated in C2C12 myotubes expressing exogenous SUN1 variants, demonstrating a direct link between SUN1 mutation and impairment of nuclear-microtubule coupling and myonuclear positioning. Our findings strongly support an important role for SUN1 and SUN2 in muscle disease pathogenesis and support the hypothesis that defects in the LINC complex contribute to disease pathology through disruption of nuclear-microtubule association, resulting in defective myonuclear positioning. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is an inherited disorder involving muscle wasting and weakness, accompanied by cardiac defects. The disease is variable in its severity and also in its genetic cause. So far, 6 genes have been linked to EDMD, most encoding proteins that form a structural network that supports the nucleus of the cell and connects it to structural elements of the cytoplasm. This network is particularly important in muscle cells, providing resistance to mechanical strain. Weakening of this network is thought to contribute to development of muscle disease in these patients. Despite rigorous screening, at least 50% of patients with EDMD have no detectable mutation in the 6 known genes. We therefore undertook screening and identified mutations in two additional genes that encode other components of the nuclear structural network, SUN1 and SUN2. Our findings add to the genetic complexity of this disease since some individuals carry mutations in more than one gene. We also show that the mutations disrupt connections between the nucleus and the structural elements of cytoplasm, leading to mis-positioning and clustering of nuclei in muscle cells. This nuclear mis-positioning is likely to be another factor contributing to pathogenesis of EDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meinke
- Institute of Human Genetics and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- National Research Council of Italy - CNR - Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Farhana Haque
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kees R. Straatman
- Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Howard J. Worman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregg G. Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- National Research Council of Italy - CNR - Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manfred Wehnert
- Institute of Human Genetics and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sue Shackleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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34
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Dittmer TA, Sahni N, Kubben N, Hill DE, Vidal M, Burgess RC, Roukos V, Misteli T. Systematic identification of pathological lamin A interactors. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1493-510. [PMID: 24623722 PMCID: PMC4004598 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a collection of phenotypically diverse diseases that include muscular dystrophies, cardiomyopathies, lipodystrophies, and premature aging syndromes. Laminopathies are caused by >300 distinct mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamin A and C, two major architectural elements of the mammalian cell nucleus. The genotype-phenotype relationship and the basis for the pronounced tissue specificity of laminopathies are poorly understood. Here we seek to identify on a global scale lamin A-binding partners whose interaction is affected by disease-relevant LMNA mutations. In a screen of a human genome-wide ORFeome library, we identified and validated 337 lamin A-binding proteins. Testing them against 89 known lamin A disease mutations identified 50 disease-associated interactors. Association of progerin, the lamin A isoform responsible for the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, with its partners was largely mediated by farnesylation. Mapping of the interaction sites on lamin A identified the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-like domain as an interaction hotspot and demonstrated that lamin A variants, which destabilize the Ig-like domain, affect protein-protein interactions more globally than mutations of surface residues. Analysis of a set of LMNA mutations in a single residue, which result in three phenotypically distinct diseases, identified disease-specific interactors. The results represent a systematic map of disease-relevant lamin A interactors and suggest loss of tissue-specific lamin A interactions as a mechanism for the tissue-specific appearance of laminopathic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A Dittmer
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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35
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Scharner J, Lu HC, Fraternali F, Ellis JA, Zammit PS. Mapping disease-related missense mutations in the immunoglobulin-like fold domain of lamin A/C reveals novel genotype-phenotype associations for laminopathies. Proteins 2013; 82:904-15. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Scharner
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
| | - Hui-Chun Lu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
| | - Juliet A. Ellis
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Zammit
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London SE1 1UL United Kingdom
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36
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Koch AJ, Holaska JM. Emerin in health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:95-106. [PMID: 24365856 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the genes encoding emerin, lamins A and C and FHL1. Additional EDMD-like syndromes are caused by mutations in nesprins and LUMA. This review will specifically focus on emerin function and the current thinking for how loss or mutations in emerin cause EDMD. Emerin is a well-conserved, ubiquitously expressed protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Emerin has been shown to have diverse functions, including the regulation of gene expression, cell signaling, nuclear structure and chromatin architecture. This review will focus on the relationships between these functions and the EDMD disease phenotype. Additionally it will highlight open questions concerning emerin's roles in cell and nuclear biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Koch
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - James M Holaska
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Developmental, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Lai CC, Yeh YH, Hsieh WP, Kuo CT, Wang WC, Chu CH, Hung CL, Cheng CY, Tsai HY, Lee JL, Tang CY, Hsu LA. Whole-exome sequencing to identify a novel LMNA gene mutation associated with inherited cardiac conduction disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83322. [PMID: 24349489 PMCID: PMC3861486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited cardiac conduction diseases (CCD) are rare but are caused by mutations in a myriad of genes. Recently, whole-exome sequencing has successfully led to the identification of causal mutations for rare monogenic Mendelian diseases. Objective To investigate the genetic background of a family affected by inherited CCD. Methods and Results We used whole-exome sequencing to study a Chinese family with multiple family members affected by CCD. Using the pedigree information, we proposed a heterozygous missense mutation (c.G695T, Gly232Val) in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene as a candidate mutation for susceptibility to CCD in this family. The mutation is novel and is expected to affect the conformation of the coiled-coil rod domain of LMNA according to a structural model prediction. Its pathogenicity in lamina instability was further verified by expressing the mutation in a cellular model. Conclusions Our results suggest that whole-exome sequencing is a feasible approach to identifying the candidate genes underlying inherited conduction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Lai
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Kuo
- First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Chu
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Tsai
- First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yi Tang
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- First Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Starke S, Meinke P, Camozzi D, Mattioli E, Pfaeffle R, Siekmeyer M, Hirsch W, Horn LC, Paasch U, Mitter D, Lattanzi G, Wehnert M, Kiess W. Progeroid laminopathy with restrictive dermopathy-like features caused by an isodisomic LMNA mutation p.R435C. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:445-59. [PMID: 23804595 PMCID: PMC3824411 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The clinical course of a female patient affected by a progeroid syndrome with Restrictive Dermopathy (RD)-like features was followed up. Besides missing hairiness, stagnating weight and growth, RD-like features including progressive skin swelling and solidification, acrocontractures, osteolysis and muscular hypotension were observed until the patient died at the age of 11 months. A homozygous LMNA mutation c.1303C>T (p.R435C) was found by Sanger sequencing. Haplotyping revealed a partial uniparental disomy of chromosome 1 (1q21.3 to 1q23.1) including the LMNA gene. In contrast to reported RD patients with LMNA mutations, LMNA p.R435C is not located at the cleavage site necessary for processing of prelamin A by ZMPSTE24 and leads to a distinct phenotype combining clinical features of Restrictive Dermopathy, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. Functionally, LMNA p.R435C is associated with increasing DNA double strand breaks and decreased recruitment of P53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) to DNA-damage sites indicating delayed DNA repair. The follow-up of the complete clinical course in the patient combined with functional studies showed for the first time that a progressive loss of lamin A rather than abnormal accumulation of prelamin A species could be a pathophysiological mechanism in progeroid laminopathies, which leads to DNA repair deficiency accompanied by advancing tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Starke
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. ‐leipzig.de
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Variants of the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients: a possible pathogenic role of the Thr528Met mutation. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 16:99-107. [PMID: 22413764 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lamin A/C (LMNA) gene mutations cause dilated cardiomyopathy, often accompanied by conduction disturbances. Our aim was to search for LMNA mutations in individuals with atrial fibrillation. METHODS A cohort of Polish subjects (N = 103) with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with a high (48.5%) prevalence of conduction system disturbances was screened for LMNA variants by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS We found a single non-synonymous variant (Thr528Met) in a 72-year-old patient with normal left ventricular function and episodes of advanced atrioventricular block. One of his two mutation-carrying daughters had episodes of type I second-degree atrioventricular block on a 24-hour Holter ECG and peak exercise arrhythmia. Interpretation of cardiac anomalies observed in the other daughter was complicated by thyroid insufficiency. A Thr528Met weak pathogenic effect was supported by transient transfections of C2C12 mouse myoblasts and computationally. Another interesting variant was Ile26Ile (c.78C>T), found in a New York Heart Association class III patient with a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (30%), left bundle branch block, and a family history of heart disease. Ile26Ile was absent in 246 healthy individuals and was computationally predicted to interfere with splicing. CONCLUSION LMNA mutations are not a frequent cause of atrial fibrillation even when conduction disease is present. Unlike the majority of LMNA mutations clearly associated with a severe clinical phenotype and a poor prognosis, Thr528Met results in a more subtle pathogenic effect, while Ile26Ile should be considered as a variant of unknown significance.
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Jimenez-Escrig A, Gobernado I, Garcia-Villanueva M, Sanchez-Herranz A. Autosomal recessive Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy caused by a novel mutation (R225Q) in the lamin A/C gene identified by exome sequencing. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:605-10. [PMID: 22431096 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to describe a new mutation in the LMNA gene diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. METHODS A two-generation kindred with recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy was evaluated by exome sequencing of the proband's DNA. RESULTS Exome sequencing disclosed 194,618 variants (170,196 SNPs, 8482 MNPs, 7466 insertions, 8307 deletions, and 167 mixed combinations); 71,328 were homozygotic and 123,290 were heterozygotic, with 11,753 non-synonymous, stop-gain, stop-loss, or frameshift mutations occurring in the coding region or nearby intronic region. The cross-referencing of these mutations in candidate genes for muscular dystrophy showed a homozygote mutation c.G674A in exon 4 of LMNA causing a protein change R225Q in an arginine conserved from human to Xenopus tropicalis and in lamin B1. CONCLUSIONS This technique will be preferred for studying patients with muscular dystrophy in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Jimenez-Escrig
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Ramon y Cajal and Universidad de Alcala, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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Davies BS, Coffinier C, Yang SH, Barnes RH, Jung HJ, Young SG, Fong LG. Investigating the purpose of prelamin A processing. Nucleus 2012; 2:4-9. [PMID: 21647293 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.2.1.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lmna yields two major protein products in somatic cells, lamin C and prelamin A. Mature lamin A is produced from prelamin A by four posttranslational processing steps-farnesylation of a carboxyl-terminal cysteine, release of the last three amino acids of the protein, methylation of the farnesylcysteine, and the endoproteolytic release of the carboxyl-terminal 15 amino acids of the protein (including the farnesylcysteine methyl ester). Although the posttranslational processing of prelamin A has been conserved in vertebrate evolution, its physiologic significance remains unclear. Here we review recent studies in which we investigated prelamin A processing with Lmna knock-in mice that produce exclusively prelamin A (Lmna(PLAO)), mature lamin A (Lmna(LAO)) or nonfarnesylated prelamin A (Lmna(nPLAO)). We found that the synthesis of lamin C is dispensable in laboratory mice, that the direct production of mature lamin A (completely bypassing all prelamin A processing) causes no discernable pathology in mice, and that exclusive production of nonfarnesylated prelamin A leads to cardiomyopathy.
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Quarta G, Syrris P, Ashworth M, Jenkins S, Zuborne Alapi K, Morgan J, Muir A, Pantazis A, McKenna WJ, Elliott PM. Mutations in the Lamin A/C gene mimic arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2011; 33:1128-36. [PMID: 22199124 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart muscle disease predominantly caused by mutations in desmosomal protein genes. Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, conduction abnormalities and high incidence of sudden cardiac death. In this study, we screened a large cohort of ARVC patients for LMNA mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and eight patients from unrelated families with borderline (n = 27) or definite (n = 81) diagnosis of ARVC were genetically tested for five desmosomal genes and LMNA. Sixty-one (56.5%) were positive for desmosomal gene mutations. Standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 12 protein-coding LMNA exons was performed and mutational screening performed by direct sequencing. Four patients (4%) without desmosomal gene mutations carried LMNA variants. Three had severe right ventricular involvement, and during follow-up three died (two suddenly and one from congestive heart failure); all three had conduction abnormalities on resting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Myocardial tissue from two patients showed myocyte loss and fibro-fatty replacement. In one of these, immunohistochemical staining with antibody to plakoglobin showed reduced/absent staining of the intercalated discs in the myocardium. CONCLUSION Lamin A/C gene mutations can be found in severe forms of ARVC. Lamin A/C gene should be added to desmosomal genes when genetically testing patients with suspected ARVC, particularly when they also have ECG evidence for conduction disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Quarta
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospitals Trust, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London W1G 8PH, UK
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Lattanzi G, Benedetti S, Bertini E, Boriani G, Mazzanti L, Novelli G, Pasquali R, Pini A, Politano L. Laminopathies: many diseases, one gene. Report of the first Italian Meeting Course on Laminopathies. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2011; 30:138-43. [PMID: 22106718 PMCID: PMC3235826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Lattanzi
- Address for correspondence: Giovanna Lattanzi, IGM-CNR, Unit of Bologna c/o IOR, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. E-mail:
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Sylvius N, Bonne G, Straatman K, Reddy T, Gant TW, Shackleton S. MicroRNA expression profiling in patients with lamin A/C‐associated muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2011; 25:3966-78. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-182915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sylvius
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Gise'le Bonne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U974 Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris 6, UM 76Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7215, Institut de Myologie, IFR14 Paris France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié‐Salpêtrie're, U.F. Cardiogénétique et MyogénétiqueService de Biochimie Métabolique Paris France
| | - Kees Straatman
- Centre for Core Biotechnology ServicesUniversity of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Thimma Reddy
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | - Sue Shackleton
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Leicester Leicester UK
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Scharner J, Brown CA, Bower M, Iannaccone ST, Khatri IA, Escolar D, Gordon E, Felice K, Crowe CA, Grosmann C, Meriggioli MN, Asamoah A, Gordon O, Gnocchi VF, Ellis JA, Mendell JR, Zammit PS. Novel LMNA mutations in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and functional characterization of four LMNA mutations. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:152-67. [PMID: 20848652 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA cause a variety of diseases affecting striated muscle including autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), LMNA-associated congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD), and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B). Here, we describe novel and recurrent LMNA mutations identified in 50 patients from the United States and Canada, which is the first report of the distribution of LMNA mutations from a large cohort outside Europe. This augments the number of LMNA mutations known to cause EDMD by 16.5%, equating to an increase of 5.9% in the total known LMNA mutations. Eight patients presented with either p.R249W/Q or p.E358K mutations and an early onset EDMD phenotype: two mutations recently associated with L-CMD. Importantly, 15 mutations are novel and include eight missense mutations (p.R189P, p.F206L, p.S268P, p.S295P, p.E361K, p.G449D, p.L454P, and p.W467R), three splice site mutations (c.IVS4 + 1G>A, c.IVS6 - 2A>G, and c.IVS8 + 1G>A), one duplication/in frame insertion (p.R190dup), one deletion (p.Q355del), and two silent mutations (p.R119R and p.K270K). Analysis of 4 of our lamin A mutations showed that some caused nuclear deformations and lamin B redistribution in a mutation specific manner. Together, this study significantly augments the number of EDMD patients on the database and describes 15 novel mutations that underlie EDMD, which will contribute to establishing genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Scharner
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disorder defined by early contractures of the Achilles tendon, spine, and elbows. EDMD is also distinctive for its association with defects of the cardiac conduction system that can result in sudden death. It can be inherited in an X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive fashion and is caused by mutations in proteins of the nuclear membrane. Mutations in the EMD gene, which encodes emerin, a transmembrane protein found at the inner nuclear membrane, are responsible for X-linked EDMD. The most common etiology of autosomal dominant EDMD is an LMNA gene mutation; LMNA encodes the intermediate filament protein lamins A and C, which constitute the major scaffolding protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Murine models of LMNA gene mutations have helped to identify different mechanisms of disease. Loss of LMNA function leads to nuclear fragility as well as other defects, such as abnormal nuclear function. Additional genes encoding nuclear membrane proteins such as SYNE1 and SYNE2 have also been implicated in EDMD, and in some cases their importance for cardiac and muscle function has been supported by animal modeling.
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Wu W, Muchir A, Shan J, Bonne G, Worman HJ. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors improve heart function and prevent fibrosis in cardiomyopathy caused by mutation in lamin A/C gene. Circulation 2010; 123:53-61. [PMID: 21173351 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.970673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the lamin A/C gene, LMNA, can cause dilated cardiomyopathy. We have shown abnormal activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) branches of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade in hearts from Lmna(H222P/H222P) mice that develop dilated cardiomyopathy. We recently showed that partial inhibition of ERK and JNK signaling before the onset of cardiomyopathy in Lmna(H222P/H222P) mice prevented the development of left ventricle dilatation and decreased cardiac ejection fraction at a time when they occurred in untreated mice. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine whether pharmacological inhibitors of ERK and JNK signaling could be clinically useful to treat cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutation, we administered them to Lmna(H222P/H222P) mice after they developed left ventricular dilatation and decreased ejection fraction. Lmna(H222P/H222P) mice were treated with ERK and JNK signaling inhibitors from 16 to 20 or, in pilot experiments, 19 to 24 weeks of age. The inhibitors blocked increased expression of RNAs encoding natriuretic peptide precursors and proteins involved in sarcomere architecture that occurred in placebo-treated mice. Echocardiography and histological analysis demonstrated that treatment prevented left ventricular end-systolic dilatation, increased ejection fraction, and decreased myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSION Inhibitors of ERK and JNK signaling could potentially be used to treat humans with cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, 10th Floor, Room 518, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Youn GJ, Uzunyan M, Vachon L, Johnson J, Winder TL, Yano S. Autosomal recessive LMNA mutation causing restrictive dermopathy. Clin Genet 2010; 78:199-200. [PMID: 20662858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arnous S, Syrris P, Sen-Chowdhry S, McKenna WJ. Genetics of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Risk of Conduction Defects and Sudden Cardiac Death. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2010; 2:599-609. [PMID: 28770722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is familial in at least 40--60% of cases and causal mutations have been identified in more than 40 different genes. Mutations in lamin A/C (LMNA) and desmosomal components appear associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death, the latter in the context of left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Specific clinical features may be valuable in identifying patients with these mutations. Routine sequencing of all the genes implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy may not be cost-effective at present. Targeted mutation screening of LMNA and desmosomal components is recommended and may facilitate prognostication and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Arnous
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Group, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Heart Hospital, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, Westminster, London W1G 8PH, UK
| | - Petros Syrris
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, Camden, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Srijita Sen-Chowdhry
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, Camden, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Imperial College- St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - William J McKenna
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Group, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Heart Hospital, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, Westminster, London W1G 8PH, UK; Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, Camden, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Małek ŁA, Labib S, Mazurkiewicz Ł, Saj M, Płoski R, Tesson F, Bilińska ZT. A new c.1621 C>G, p.R541G lamin A/C mutation in a family with DCM and regional wall motion abnormalities (akinesis/dyskinesis): genotype–phenotype correlation. J Hum Genet 2010; 56:83-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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