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Cui H, Yang W, He S, Chai Z, Wang L, Zhang G, Zou P, Sun L, Yang H, Chen Q, Liu J, Cao J, Ling X, Ao L. TERT transcription and translocation into mitochondria regulate benzo[a]pyrene/BPDE-induced senescence and mitochondrial damage in mouse spermatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116656. [PMID: 37579952 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Telomere and mitochondria may be the targets of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) -induced male reproductive damage, and further elucidation of the toxic molecular mechanisms is necessary. In this study, we used in vivo and in vitro exposure models to explore the molecular mechanisms of TERT regulation in BaP-induced telomere and mitochondrial damage in spermatocytes. The results showed that the treatment of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), the active metabolite of BaP, caused telomere dysfunction in mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cells, resulting in S-phase arrest and increased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These effects were significantly alleviated by telomerase agonist (ABG) pretreatment in GC-2 cells. SIRT1, FOXO3a, or c-MYC overexpressing GC-2 cell models were established to demonstrate that BPDE inhibited TERT transcriptional expression through the SIRT1/FOXO3a/c-MYC pathway, leading to telomere dysfunction. We also observed that BPDE induced mitochondrial compromise, including complex I damage, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial TERT expression. Based on this, we constructed wild-type TERT-overexpressing (OE-TERTwt) and mitochondria targeting TERT-overexpressing (OE-TERTmst) GC-2 cell models and found that OE-TERTmst GC-2 cells improved mitochondrial function better than OE-TERTwt GC-2 cells. Finally, ICR mice were given BaP by intragastric administration for 35 days, which verified the results of the in vitro study. The results shown that BaP exposure can lead to spermatogenesis disturbance, which is related to the telomere and mitochondrial damage in spermatocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that BPDE causes telomere and mitochondrial damage in spermatocytes by inhibiting TERT transcription and mitochondrial TERT expression. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of male reproductive toxicity due to environmental pollutant BaP, and also provides a new perspective for the exploration of interventions and protective measures against male reproductive damage by BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Cui
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wang Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shijun He
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zili Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xi Ling
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lin Ao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Hærvig KK, Petersen KU, Hougaard KS, Lindh C, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Toft G, Giwercman A, Høyer BB, Flachs EM, Bonde JP, Tøttenborg SS. Maternal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Male Reproductive Function in Young Adulthood: Combined Exposure to Seven PFAS. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:107001. [PMID: 36197086 PMCID: PMC9533763 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns remain about the human reproductive toxicity of the widespread per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during early stages of development. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between maternal plasma PFAS levels during early pregnancy and male offspring reproductive function in adulthood. METHODS The study included 864 young men (age range:18.9-21.2 y) from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort established between 2017 and 2019. Plasma samples from their mothers, primarily from the first trimester, were retrieved from the Danish National Biobank and levels of 15 PFAS were measured. Seven PFAS had detectable levels above the limit of detection in >80% of the samples and were included in analyses. Semen quality, testicular volume, and levels of reproductive hormones and PFAS were assessed in the young men. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate the associations between combined exposure to maternal PFAS and reproductive function, and negative binomial regression to estimate the associations of single substances, while adjusting for a range of a priori-defined fetal and postnatal risk factors. RESULTS By a 1-unit increase in the WQS index, combined maternal PFAS exposure was associated with lower sperm concentration (-8%; 95% CI: -16%, -1%), total sperm count (-10%; 95% CI: -17%, -2%), and a higher proportion of nonprogressive and immotile sperm (5%; 95% CI: 1%, 8%) in the young men. Different PFAS contributed to the associations with varying strengths; however, perfluoroheptanoic acid was identified as the main contributor in the analyses of all three outcomes despite the low concentration. We saw no clear association between exposure to maternal PFAS and testicular volume or reproductive hormones. DISCUSSION In a sample of young men from the general Danish population, we observed consistent inverse associations between exposure to maternal PFAS and semen quality. The study needs to be replicated in other populations, taking combined exposure, as well as emerging short-chain PFAS, into consideration. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Keglberg Hærvig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Toft
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Birgit Bjerre Høyer
- Department of Regional Development, Region of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Istvan M, Rahban R, Dananche B, Senn A, Stettler E, Multigner L, Nef S, Garlantézec R. Maternal occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy and semen parameters in adulthood: results of a nationwide cross-sectional study among Swiss conscripts. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1948-1958. [PMID: 33729457 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a relationship between maternal occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during pregnancy and the semen quality of their sons? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest an association between maternal occupational exposure to potential EDCs, especially to pesticides, phthalates and heavy metals, and a decrease in several semen parameters. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sexual differentiation, development and proper functioning of the reproductive system are largely dependent on steroid hormones. Although there is some animal evidence, studies on maternal exposure to EDCs during pregnancy and its effect on the semen quality of sons are scarce and none have focused on maternal occupational exposure. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional study aiming to evaluate semen quality was carried out among Swiss conscripts aged 18 to 22 years between 2005 and 2017. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Conscript and parent questionnaires were completed prior to the collection of a semen sample. Semen parameters were categorised according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Data on maternal employment during pregnancy were provided by the parent questionnaire. Maternal occupational exposure to potential EDC categories was defined using a job-exposure matrix (JEM). Logistic regressions were used to analyse the relationship between maternal occupational exposure to EDCs and each semen parameter adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results are presented using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 1,737 conscripts provided a conscript and parent questionnaire, as well as a semen sample; among these 1,045 of their mothers worked during pregnancy. Our study suggests an association between occupational exposure of mothers during pregnancy to potential EDCs and low semen volume and total sperm count, particularly for exposure to pesticides (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.11-3.86 and OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05-4.35), phthalates (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.10-3.37 and OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.01-3.55), and heavy metals (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.14-3.60 and OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.21-4.35). Maternal occupational exposure to heavy metals was additionally associated with a low sperm concentration (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.06-3.37). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Several limitations should be noted, such as the indirect method for maternal occupational exposure assessment during the pregnancy (JEM) and the cross-sectional design of the study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our observations reinforce the need to inform pregnant women of potential hazards during pregnancy that could impair their child's fertility. Additional studies are needed to confirm the involvement of EDCs. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology: SCAHT and the 'Fondation privée des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève'. The collection of human biological material used for this study was supported by the FABER Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF): NFP 50 'Endocrine Disruptors: Relevance to Humans, Animals and Ecosystems', the Medical Services of the Swiss Army (DDPS) and Medisupport. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Istvan
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - R Rahban
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
| | - B Dananche
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - A Senn
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
| | - E Stettler
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
- Swiss Armed Forces Joint Staff, Medical Services, Ittigen, 3063, Switzerland
| | - L Multigner
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
| | - S Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, 4055, Switzerland
| | - R Garlantézec
- CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Université de Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
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Erfani Majd N, Tabandeh MR, Hosseinifar SH, Sadeghi M. Protective Effect of Aloe vera Gel against Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Damage, Sperm Alteration and Oxidative stress in Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2021; 15:210-218. [PMID: 34155868 PMCID: PMC8233928 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.134691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective antineoplas tic drug that is used to treat various types of cancers. However, it causes side effects on the male reproductive sys tem. The present s tudy aimed to inves tigate the possible protective effects of Aloe vera (AL) gel (known as an antioxidant plant) on CIS-induced changes in rat sperm parameters, tes ticular s tructure, and oxidative s tress markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, forty-eight adult male rats were divided into 6 groups including: control, CIS, AL, metformin (MET), CIS+AL, and CIS+MET. CIS was used intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment. AL gel (400 mg/kg per day) and MET (200 mg/kg per day) were administered orally for 35 days (started one week before the beginning of the experiment). Testes weight and dimensions, and morphometrical and histological alterations, activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), serum testosterone concentration, lipid peroxidation level, and sperm parameters were examined. RESULTS CIS caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in relative weight and dimension of the testis, germinal epithelium thickness and diameter of seminiferoustubules, the numbers of testicular cells, and spermatogenesis indexes. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased and antioxidant enzymes activities decreased in the CIS group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, sperm parameters (concentration, viability, motility, and normal morphology), and testosterone levels reduced significantly in CIS-treated rats (P<0.05). Also, CIS induced histopathological damages including disorganization, desquamation, atrophy, and vacuolation in the testis. However, administration of AL gel to CIS-treated rats attenuated the CIS-induced alterations, mitigated testicular oxidative stress and increased testosterone concentration. CONCLUSION The results suggest that AL as a potential antioxidant plant and due to free radicals scavenging activities, has a protective effect against CIS-induced testicular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Erfani Majd
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Hima Hosseinifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Sadeghi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Bianchi E, Stermer A, Nolan T, Li H, Hall S, Boekelheide K, Sigman M, Hwang K. Highly conserved sperm function-related transcripts across three species: human, rat and mouse. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:44-51. [PMID: 34174366 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Assessing male reproductive toxicity of environmental and therapeutic agents relies on the histopathology of the testis and epididymis in a pre-clinical setting. Animal histopathology poorly correlates with human sperm parameters, and none of these current methods are strong indicators of sperm health or reproductive potential. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify a translatable, non-invasive and reliable approach to monitor environmental and therapeutic agents' effects on male reproductive health. mRNA sequences were analyzed in mouse, rat and human sperm samples to identify sperm transcriptomic similarities across species that could be used as biomarkers to predict male reproductive toxicity in animal models. Semen specimens were collected from men aged 18 to 55 years with proven fertility. Rat and mouse semen specimens were collected via needle punctures of the cauda epididymides. Sperm RNAs were extracted using an optimized sperm RNA isolation protocol and subjected to polyA-purified mRNA-sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses, including differential abundance and gene set enrichment analysis, were used to investigate the biological and molecular functions of all shared and differentially abundant transcripts across species. Transcriptome profiling identified 6,684 similarly expressed transcripts within the three species of which 1,579 transcripts were found to be involved in spermatogenic functions. Our findings have shown that sperm transcriptome is highly species dependent, however, there are some key similarities among transcripts that are required for fertility. Based on these similarities, sperm mRNA biomarker may be developed to monitor male reproductive toxicity where rodent models would make suitable laboratory substitutes for human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bianchi
- Division of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Angela Stermer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Timothy Nolan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Susan Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark Sigman
- Division of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kathleen Hwang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Türk E, Ozan Tekeli I, Özkan H, Uyar A, Cellat M, Kuzu M, Yavas I, Alizadeh Yegani A, Yaman T, Güvenç M. The protective effect of esculetin against aluminium chloride-induced reproductive toxicity in rats. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13930. [PMID: 33368464 DOI: 10.1111/and.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the prominent health problems caused by Aluminium was the decrease in male fertility rates. In the study, the protective effect of Esculetin (ESC) against the reproductive toxicity induced by Aluminium chloride (AlCl3 ) was investigated. For this purpose, AlCl3 was administrated to Wistar Albino rats at a dose of 34 mg/kg and ESC was administrated at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 70 days. It was determined that AlCl3 treatment reduced sperm motility and concentration, increased dead/live rate and abnormal sperm rate. It decreased serum testosterone level, and co-treatment of ESC significantly regulated these values. In the AlCl3 -treated group, MDA level increased and GSH level, GPx and CAT activities decreased compared with those of the control group. However, co-treatment of ESC showed an amelioratory effect on the values except for CAT activity. It was observed that the expression level of NRF-2 increased in the ESC and AlCl3 + ESC groups, and NF-κB increased in the AlCl3 group with the control group. It was determined that Caspase-3 expression decreased, and Bcl-2 expression increased in AlCl3 + ESC group compared to AlCl3 group. It was also determined that AlCl3 -induced tissue injury was significantly prevented by ESC co-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinç Türk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Müslüm Kuzu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Ilker Yavas
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Arash Alizadeh Yegani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
| | - Turan Yaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Antakya-Hatay, Turkey
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De Brucker S, Drakopoulos P, Dhooghe E, De Geeter J, Uvin V, Santos-Ribeiro S, Michielsen D, Tournaye H, De Brucker M. The effect of cigarette smoking on the semen parameters of infertile men. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:1127-1130. [PMID: 32608274 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1775195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 36.9% of men worldwide use tobacco. Previous studies suggest a negative effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, but the results are contradictory. We have studied the effects of smoking on the semen characteristics such as sperm concentration, semen volume, sperm motility, sperm vitality and sperm morphology in a large group of infertile men. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on a total of 5146 infertile men with at least one year of idiopathic infertility, who admitted to the Centre for Reproductive medicine (CRG) at the Brussels University Hospital, Belgium between 2010 and 2017. The smokers were classified as mild (1-10 cigarettes/d), moderate (11-20 cigarettes/d) or heavy smokers (> 20 cigarettes/d). Semen analysis was performed for all patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the R software package and t-test or Mann-Whitney U tests were used, group comparisons were performed using ANOVA, ANCOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Comparing the semen parameters in the two global groups showed that smoking had a significant decrease in semen volume (p=0.04074) and sperm concentration (p=0.029). ANOVA testing on the different smoking groups versus non-smoking group showed a significant decrease in sperm concentration (p=0.0364). After adjusting for the confounders, age and testosterone, ANCOVA testing showed significant effect on the sperm concentration (p=0.03871) in smokers versus non-smokers. No significant correlation was detected between the other semen characteristics. CONCLUSION We concluded that smoking had a significant and independent effect on the sperm concentration in a semen analysis. Other parameters, like semen volume, sperm motility, sperm vitality and sperm morphology were not influenced by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon De Brucker
- Department of Urology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Drakopoulos
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edouard Dhooghe
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Geeter
- Department of Statistics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valerie Uvin
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Santos-Ribeiro
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Michielsen
- Department of Urology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herman Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël De Brucker
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Tivoli, La Louvière, Belgium
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Haervig KK, Høyer BB, Giwercman A, Hougaard KS, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Specht IO, Toft G, Bonde JP, Søgaard Tøttenborg S. Fetal exposure to paternal smoking and semen quality in the adult son. Andrology 2020; 8:1117-1125. [PMID: 32150347 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring semen quality is well established. Less is known about the impact of paternal smoking. METHODS We estimated differences in semen parameters and testicle size according to paternal smoking in 772 adult sons of women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort when pregnant. Parents' smoking was reported around gestational week 16, and analyses were adjusted for parents' ages at conception, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal alcohol and caffeine intake, family occupational status, ejaculatory abstinence time, clinic of semen analysis, and season. RESULTS Sons of smoking fathers and non-smoking mothers had a 10% (95% confidence interval: -24%, 7%) lower semen concentration and 11% (95% confidence interval: -27%, 8%) lower sperm count than sons of non-smoking parents. Having two smoking parents was associated with 19% reduction in sperm count (95% confidence interval: -37%, 3%). Paternal smoking was not associated with volume, motility, or morphology. Adjusting for maternal smoking, paternal smoking was associated with a 26% increased risk of small testicular volume (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.78). DISCUSSION Exclusion of sons with a history of testicular cancer, chemotherapy, orchiectomy, and with only one or no testicles may have caused us to underestimate associations if these men's reproductive health including semen quality are in fact more sensitive to paternal smoking. CONCLUSION The study provides limited support for slightly lower sperm concentration and total sperm concentration in sons of smoking fathers, but findings are also compatible with no association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Keglberg Haervig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit Bjerre Høyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Department of Translational Medicine, Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Barrera N, Ordoqui R, Montes JM, Canepa M, Bonelli C, Surka C, Torrens A, Cantú L, Du Plessis SS. The Uruguayan semen donor population: A twenty-eight-year retrospective study. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13502. [PMID: 31876046 DOI: 10.1111/and.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported a global decline in seminal quality over the years. The objective of this study was to describe the semen donor population of Uruguay through comparing data of successive samples banked by the same donors and the analysis of their semen and physical characteristics, ancestry origin and educational level. A total of 3,449 ejaculated samples collected from 71 donors, cryobanked between 1989 and March 2017 at Fertilab, were analysed. Results revealed a mean age of 23.90 ± 3.98 years, an average weight of 74.95 ± 1.09 kg and a mean height of 1.78 ± 0.06 m. The majority of the donors trace their origin to Europe (74.65%, 53/71) and 66.19% (47/71) have a level of education higher than secondary school. We observed longitudinal differences in two parameters, that is sperm concentration and semen volume. Sperm concentration declined, while semen volume increased significantly over the 28-year period. The results of the present study are in accordance with that of previous articles that also reported a decline in sperm concentration over time. However, no differences were observed in total sperm number per ejaculate due to the increase in semen volume values, thus reflecting no real changes in sperm production over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalibeth Barrera
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay.,IVF Laboratory, Centro de Esterilidad Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Ordoqui
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José M Montes
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariel Canepa
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carla Bonelli
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay.,IVF Laboratory, Centro de Esterilidad Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Surka
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Torrens
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lidia Cantú
- Andrology Laboratory, Fertilab Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Montevideo, Uruguay.,IVF Laboratory, Centro de Esterilidad Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Stefan S Du Plessis
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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10
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The Effect of Supplementation with Some Essential Oils on the Mobility and the Vitality of Human Sperm. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:4878912. [PMID: 31217752 PMCID: PMC6537008 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4878912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the improvement effect of some essential oils of sage (Salvia officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus) on the physiological parameters characterizing the quality of human sperm (mobility and vitality). We find natural biomolecules to improve sperm quality to increase the chances of success of very low in vitro fertilization (IVF) that stagnate around 20%. Sperm samples were mixed with different concentrations of essential oils. The effect of these essential oils on the motility and vitality of spermatozoa has been analyzed. The mobility was determined using a Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). In the other side, the evaluation of sperm vitality was performed by staining eosin 2% and the microscopic examination is carried out via optical microscope. A drop of sperm will be mixed with a drop of eosin solution 2%, spread between the slip and coverslip, then allowed to air dry, and examined under a microscope. A significant improvement in the mobility and vitality of human spermatozoa has been noted with oregano. Eucalyptus after 10 min of exposure also significantly improves the mobility and vitality of the spermatozoa. Sage does not improve mobility for these incubation times but significantly improves vitality.
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11
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Altun G, Deniz ÖG, Yurt KK, Davis D, Kaplan S. Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics in the male and female reproductive systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:700-707. [PMID: 29884548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With current advances in technology, a number of epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a broad range of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Multiple cellular mechanisms have been proposed as direct causes or contributors to these biological effects. EMF-induced alterations in cellular levels can activate voltage-gated calcium channels and lead to the formation of free radicals, protein misfolding and DNA damage. Because rapidly dividing germ cells go through meiosis and mitosis, they are more sensitive to EMF in contrast to other slower-growing cell types. In this review, possible mechanistic pathways of the effects of EMF exposure on fertilization, oogenesis and spermatogenesis are discussed. In addition, the present review also evaluates metabolomic effects of GSM-modulated EMFs on the male and female reproductive systems in recent human and animal studies. In this context, experimental and epidemiological studies which examine the impact of mobile phone radiation on the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis are examined in line with current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Environmental Health Trust, 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest, Teton Village, WY 83025, United States
| | - Devra Davis
- Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Isreal and Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Environmental Health Trust, 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest, Teton Village, WY 83025, United States
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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12
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Høyer BB, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Bonde JP, Larsen SB, Toft G. Use of non-prescription analgesics and male reproductive function. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:70-76. [PMID: 28899770 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association between intake of non-prescription analgesics and semen quality and male reproductive hormone levels in a cross-sectional study among 1493 men. The men provided one semen (n=1493) and blood sample (n=1056) and filled in questionnaires on use of non-prescription analgesics (paracetamol, NSAIDs and combination drugs (yes/no)). Adjusting for age, study and other covariates, we observed no association between intake of non-prescription analgesics and markers of semen quality. Adjusting for age and time of day of blood sampling, users of non-prescription analgesics had a 10.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0-17.1%) higher testosterone level than non-users. When we stratified by medication type, the association between analgesics and higher testosterone was observed between users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and combination drugs but not paracetamol. This study suggests that use of non-prescription analgesics is associated with slightly higher serum testosterone levels than non-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Høyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J P Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S B Larsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Zealand Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - G Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Khandwala YS, Zhang CA, Li S, Behr B, Guo D, Eisenberg ML. Racial Variation in Semen Quality at Fertility Evaluation. Urology 2017; 106:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Dere E, Wilson SK, Anderson LM, Boekelheide K. From the Cover: Sperm Molecular Biomarkers Are Sensitive Indicators of Testicular Injury following Subchronic Model Toxicant Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:327-40. [PMID: 27466211 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional testis histopathology endpoints remain the gold standard for evaluating testicular insult and injury in a non-clinical setting, but are invasive and unfeasible for monitoring these effects clinically in humans. Assessing testicular injury in humans relies on semen and serum hormone analyses, both of which are insensitive and poor indicators of effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that sperm messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and DNA methylation marks can be used as translatable and sensitive indicators or testicular injury. Dose-response studies using adult male Fischer 344 rats subchronically exposed to model Sertoli cell toxicants (0.14, 0.21, and 0.33% 2,5-hexanedione, and 30, 50, and 70 mg/kg/day carbendazim), and a model germ cell toxicant (1.4, 3.4, and 5.1 mg/kg/day cyclophosphamide) for 3 months were evaluated for testicular injury by traditional histopathological endpoints, changes in sperm mRNA transcript levels using custom PCR arrays, and alterations in sperm DNA methylation via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Testis histopathological evaluation and PCR array analysis of the sperm transcriptome identified dose-dependent changes elicited by toxicant exposure (P < 0.05). Global sperm DNA methylation analysis of subchronic 0.33% 2,5-hexandione and 5.1 mg/kg/day cyclophosphamide exposure using a Monte Carlo approach did not identify differentially methylated regions (methylation difference > 10% and q < 0.05) with robust signatures. Overall, these results suggest that sperm mRNA transcripts are sensitive indicators of low dose toxicant-induced testicular injury in the rat, while sperm DNA methylation changes are not. Additionally, the Monte Carlo analysis is a powerful approach that can be used to assess the robustness of signals resulting from -omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Dere
- *Division of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Shelby K Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Linnea M Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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15
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Aksu EH, Kandemir FM, Altun S, Küçükler S, Çomaklı S, Ömür AD. Ameliorative Effect of Carvacrol on Cisplatin-Induced Reproductive Damage in Male Rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:513-520. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Hicazi Aksu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Veterinary Medicine Faculty; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry; Veterinary Medicine Faculty; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Serdar Altun
- Department of Pathology; Veterinary Medicine Faculty; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry; Veterinary Medicine Faculty; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology; Veterinary Medicine Faculty; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ali Doğan Ömür
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Veterinary Medicine Faculty; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
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16
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Aksu EH, Kandemir FM, Özkaraca M, Ömür AD, Küçükler S, Çomaklı S. Rutin ameliorates cisplatin-induced reproductive damage via suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis in adult male rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27106863 DOI: 10.1111/and.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) treatment causes damage in the male reproductive system. Rutin (RUT) is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate effects of RUT against cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Twenty-one adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The control group received physiological saline with oral gavage during 14 days, and physiological saline was injected intraperitoneally (IP) in 10th days of study. CP Group received physiological saline during 14 days, and 10 mg kg-1 CP was injected IP in 10th day. RUT + CP group received RUT (150 mg kg-1 ) during 14 days, and 10 mg kg-1 CP was injected IP in 10th day. Spermatological parameters (including motility, cauda epididymal sperm density, dead sperm percentage and morphological sperm abnormalities), biochemical (MDA, GSH, GSH-px, SOD and CAT), histological (H&E dye) and immunochemistry evaluations of testicles were evaluated. CP treatment caused damage on some spermatological parameters, increased the oxidative stress and induced testicular degeneration and apoptosis when compared to the control group. However, RUT treatment mitigates these side effects when compared to the CP alone group. IT is concluded that RUT treatment may reduce CP-induced reproductive toxicity as a potential antioxidant compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Aksu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - F M Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M Özkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A D Ömür
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - S Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - S Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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17
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Aksu EH, Akman O, Ömür AD, Karakuş E, Can İ, Kandemir FM, Dorman E, Uçar Ö. 3,3 diindolylmethane leads to apoptosis, decreases sperm quality, affects blood estradiol 17 β and testosterone, oestrogen (α and β) and androgen receptor levels in the reproductive system in male rats. Andrologia 2016; 48:1155-1165. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. H. Aksu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - O. Akman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - A. D. Ömür
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - E. Karakuş
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Pharmacology; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - İ. Can
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Histology; Kafkas University; Kars Turkey
| | - F. M. Kandemir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Biochemistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - E. Dorman
- Faculty of Medicine; Biochemistry Laboratories; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ö. Uçar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
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18
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Vested A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Olsen SF, Bonde JP, Støvring H, Kristensen SL, Halldorsson TI, Rantakokko P, Kiviranta H, Ernst EH, Toft G. In utero exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants and reproductive health in the human male. Reproduction 2014; 148:635-46. [PMID: 25190505 PMCID: PMC4241711 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous, bioaccumulative compounds with potential endocrine-disrupting effects. They cross the placental barrier thereby resulting in in utero exposure of the developing fetus. The objective of this study was to investigate whether maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) during pregnancy are associated with son's semen quality and reproductive hormone levels. During 2008-2009, we recruited 176 male offspring from a Danish cohort of pregnant women who participated in a study in 1988-1989. Each provided semen and blood samples that were analyzed for sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, and morphology, and reproductive hormone levels, respectively. The maternal blood samples were collected in pregnancy week 30 and were analyzed for the concentrations of six PCBs (PCB-118, -138, -153, -156, -170, and -180) and p,p'-DDE. The potential associations between in utero exposure to ΣPCBs (pmol/ml), Σdioxin like-(DL) PCBs (PCB-118 and -156) (pmol/ml), and p,p'-DDE and semen quality and reproductive hormone levels were investigated using multiple regression. Maternal median (range) exposure levels of ΣPCB, ΣDL-PCB, and p,p'-DDE were 10.0 (2.1-35.0) pmol/ml, 0.8 (0.2-2.7) pmol/ml, and 8.0 (0.7-55.3) pmol/ml, respectively, reflecting typical background exposure levels in the late 1980s in Denmark. Results suggested that in utero exposure to ΣPCB, ΣDL-PCB, and p,p'-DDE was not statistically significantly associated with semen quality measures or reproductive hormone levels. Thus, results based on maternal PCB and p,p'-DDE concentrations alone are not indicative of long-term consequences for male reproductive health; however, we cannot exclude that these POPs in concert with other endocrine-modulating compounds may have adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vested
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilia H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sjurdur F Olsen
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Støvring
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Susanne L Kristensen
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Emil H Ernst
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Occupational MedicineDanish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 2C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyDepartment of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1260, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkStatens Serum InstitutCentre for Fetal Programming, Artellerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, DenmarkDepartment of Occupational and Environmental MedicineBispebjerg Hospital of Copenhagen University, Bispebjerg Bakke 23 Building 33 1st floor, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, DenmarkDepartment of Public HealthBiostatistics, Bartholins Allé 2 Building 1261, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Iceland, Eiríksgata 29, 101 Reykjavík, IcelandDepartment of Environmental HealthNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandSection WestInstitute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 2, build. 1170, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Dere E, Anderson LM, Hwang K, Boekelheide K. Biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced testicular damage. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1192-202. [PMID: 24182554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of men are having or wanting children after chemotherapy treatment. This can be attributed to improvements in cancer therapies that increase survival. However, a side effect of most chemotherapy drugs is disruption of spermatogenesis and a drastic reduction in sperm count and quality. Although many men eventually recover reproductive function, as indicated by normal semen analyses, there is no clinical test that can assess sperm quality at a high level of sensitivity. Sperm fluorescent in situ hybridization (i.e., FISH) and several different tests for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation have been used infrequently in clinical assessment. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced testicular damage are currently being used to identify potential molecular biomarkers that may be translatable to humans-these include sperm messenger RNAs, microRNAs, histone modifications, and DNA methylation patterns. Changes in these molecular measurements are quantitative and sensitive, potentially making them important clinical biomarkers of testicular function after chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Dere
- Division of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Slama R, Ballester F, Casas M, Cordier S, Eggesbø M, Iniguez C, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Philippat C, Rey S, Vandentorren S, Vrijheid M. Epidemiologic tools to study the influence of environmental factors on fecundity and pregnancy-related outcomes. Epidemiol Rev 2013; 36:148-64. [PMID: 24363355 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxt011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes entail a large health burden for the mother and offspring; a part of it might be avoided by better understanding the role of environmental factors in their etiology. Our aims were to review the assessment tools to characterize fecundity troubles and pregnancy-related outcomes in human populations and their sensitivity to environmental factors. For each outcome, we reviewed the possible study designs, main sources of bias, and their suggested cures. In terms of study design, for most pregnancy outcomes, cohorts with recruitment early during or even before pregnancy allow efficient characterization of pregnancy-related events, time-varying confounders, and in utero exposures that may impact birth outcomes and child health. Studies on congenital anomalies require specific designs, assessment of anomalies in medical pregnancy terminations, and, for congenital anomalies diagnosed postnatally, follow-up during several months after birth. Statistical analyses should take into account environmental exposures during the relevant time windows; survival models are an appropriate approach for fecundity, fetal loss, and gestational duration/preterm delivery. Analysis of gestational duration could distinguish pregnancies according to delivery induction (and possibly pregnancy-related conditions). In conclusion, careful design and analysis are required to better characterize environmental effects on human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Slama
- Abbreviations: PROM, premature rupture of the fetal membranes; TTP, time to pregnancy
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21
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Campion S, Aubrecht J, Boekelheide K, Brewster DW, Vaidya VS, Anderson L, Burt D, Dere E, Hwang K, Pacheco S, Saikumar J, Schomaker S, Sigman M, Goodsaid F. The current status of biomarkers for predicting toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1391-408. [PMID: 23961847 PMCID: PMC3870154 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.827170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are significant rates of attrition in drug development. A number of compounds fail to progress past preclinical development due to limited tools that accurately monitor toxicity in preclinical studies and in the clinic. Research has focused on improving tools for the detection of organ-specific toxicity through the identification and characterization of biomarkers of toxicity. AREAS COVERED This article reviews what we know about emerging biomarkers in toxicology, with a focus on the 2012 Northeast Society of Toxicology meeting titled 'Translational Biomarkers in Toxicology.' The areas covered in this meeting are summarized and include biomarkers of testicular injury and dysfunction, emerging biomarkers of kidney injury and translation of emerging biomarkers from preclinical species to human populations. The authors also provide a discussion about the biomarker qualification process and possible improvements to this process. EXPERT OPINION There is currently a gap between the scientific work in the development and qualification of novel biomarkers for nonclinical drug safety assessment and how these biomarkers are actually used in drug safety assessment. A clear and efficient path to regulatory acceptance is needed so that breakthroughs in the biomarker toolkit for nonclinical drug safety assessment can be utilized to aid in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campion
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274 1260, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Senior Director, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1424, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - David W Brewster
- Vice-President, Global Head Drug Safety Evaluation, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Assistant Professor of Medicine and Environmental Health, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Renal Division, Department of Environmental Health, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linnea Anderson
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deborah Burt
- Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274- 1234, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Edward Dere
- Postdoctoral Associate, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kathleen Hwang
- Assistant Professor, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sara Pacheco
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Janani Saikumar
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shelli Schomaker
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1227, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Mark Sigman
- Chief of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Federico Goodsaid
- Vice President, Strategic Regulatory Intelligence, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1050 K Street NW, Suite 1125, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight and discuss the new evidence on occupational and environmental risk to male reproductive function. RECENT FINDINGS Semen quality following occupational exposure to boron (an acknowledged experimental reproductive toxicant) and benzene, and new evidence on low-level environmental exposure to widespread xenobiotics with endocrine actions. SUMMARY The naturally occurring semimetal boron is an experimental reproductive toxicant, but now a Turkish semen study corroborates earlier evidence that high-level occupational exposure is not toxic to human spermatogenesis. It seems that human exposure levels are below the levels that cause reproductive toxicity in rodents. On the contrary, there is now ample evidence that the carcinogenic substance benzene may cause chromosomal aberrations in sperm at very low exposure levels. This includes chromosomal deletions that are known to cause infertility, mental retardation and congenital malformations. This research highlights the need to scrutinize the chemicals for possible male-mediated developmental toxicity. Several occupational studies are addressing adult testicular function in men exposed to chemicals that may interfere with endocrine signalling such as bisphenol A and phthalates, but findings are rather inconsistent and it remains to be established whether these widespread chemicals have any impact on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P E Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Vested A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Olsen SF, Bonde JP, Kristensen SL, Halldorsson TI, Becher G, Haug LS, Ernst EH, Toft G. Associations of in utero exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids with human semen quality and reproductive hormones in adult men. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:453-8. [PMID: 23360585 PMCID: PMC3620740 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs), persistent chemicals with unique water-, dirt-, and oil-repellent properties, are suspected of having endocrine-disrupting activity. The PFAA compounds perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are found globally in humans; because they readily cross the placental barrier, in utero exposure may be a cause for concern. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether in utero exposure to PFOA and PFOS affects semen quality, testicular volume, and reproductive hormone levels. METHODS We recruited 169 male offspring (19-21 years of age) from a pregnancy cohort established in Aarhus, Denmark, in 1988-1989, corresponding to 37.6% of the eligible sons. Each man provided a semen sample and a blood sample. Semen samples were analyzed for sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, and morphology, and blood samples were used to measure reproductive hormones. As a proxy for in utero exposure, PFOA and PFOS were measured in maternal blood samples from pregnancy week 30. RESULTS Multivariable linear regression analysis suggested that in utero exposure to PFOA was associated with lower adjusted sperm concentration (ptrend = 0.01) and total sperm count (ptrend = 0.001) and with higher adjusted levels of luteinizing hormone (ptrend = 0.03) and follicle-stimulating hormone (ptrend = 0.01). PFOS did not appear to be associated with any of the outcomes assessed, before or after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that in utero exposure to PFOA may affect adult human male semen quality and reproductive hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vested
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Stone MB, Stanford JB, Lyon JL, VanDerslice JA, Alder SC. Childhood thyroid radioiodine exposure and subsequent infertility in the intermountain fallout cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:79-84. [PMID: 23099433 PMCID: PMC3553427 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Above-ground and underground nuclear weapon detonation at the Nevada Test Site (1951-1992) has resulted in radioiodine exposure for nearby populations. Although the long-term effect of environmental radioiodine exposure on thyroid disease has been well studied, little is known regarding the effect of childhood radioiodine exposure on subsequent fertility. OBJECTIVES We investigated early childhood thyroid radiation exposure from nuclear testing fallout (supplied predominantly by radioactive isotopes of iodine) and self-reported lifetime incidence of male or female infertility or sterility. METHODS Participants were members of the 1965 Intermountain Fallout Cohort, schoolchildren at the time of exposure who were reexamined during two subsequent study phases to collect dietary and reproductive histories. Thyroid radiation exposure was calculated via an updated dosimetry model. We used multivariable logistic regression with robust sandwich estimators to estimate odds ratios for infertility, adjusted for potential confounders and (in separate models) for a medically confirmed history of thyroid disease. RESULTS Of 1,389 participants with dosimetry and known fertility history, 274 were classified as infertile, including 30 classified as sterile. Childhood thyroid radiation dose was possibly associated with infertility [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.67 and AOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.90 for the middle and upper tertiles vs. the first tertile of exposure, respectively]. The odds ratios were attenuated (AOR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.55 and AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.83 for the middle and upper tertiles, respectively) after adjusting for thyroid disease. There was no association of childhood radiation dose and sterility. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that childhood radioiodine exposure from nuclear testing may be related to subsequent adult infertility. Further research is required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Bishop Stone
- University of Utah Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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25
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Huang H, Hansen KR, Factor-Litvak P, Carson SA, Guzick DS, Santoro N, Diamond MP, Eisenberg E, Zhang H. Predictors of pregnancy and live birth after insemination in couples with unexplained or male-factor infertility. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:959-67. [PMID: 22270557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for pregnancy outcomes in couples treated with intracervical or intrauterine insemination, with or without superovulation for unexplained or male-factor infertility. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a randomized superovulation and intrauterine insemination trial. SETTING Academic medical centers. INTERVENTION(S) Treatment continued for four cycles unless pregnancy was achieved. PATIENT(S) Out of 932 couples randomized to four treatment groups, 664 couples who had completed the lifestyle questionnaires were assessed for occurrence of pregnancy and live birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pregnancy and live birth. RESULT(S) The pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher in couples in which the female partners reported that they had consumed coffee or tea in the past or drank alcoholic beverages in the past (past users) compared with those who had never consumed coffee, tea, or alcoholic beverages. Past users also had significantly higher pregnancy and live birth rates than those currently consuming coffee or tea or alcoholic beverages. Demographic, occupational exposure, and other lifestyle factors were not significant. CONCLUSION(S) Couples in which the female partners drank coffee, tea, or alcoholic beverages in the past had higher pregnancy and live birth rates compared with never or current users. When discontinuing these habits, they might have made other lifestyle changes to improve the pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Lee HJ, Jin YB, Kim TH, Pack JK, Kim N, Choi HD, Lee JS, Lee YS. The effects of simultaneous combined exposure to CDMA and WCDMA electromagnetic fields on rat testicular function. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 33:356-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lee HJ, Pack JK, Kim TH, Kim N, Choi SY, Lee JS, Kim SH, Lee YS. The lack of histological changes of CDMA cellular phone-based radio frequency on rat testis. Bioelectromagnetics 2010; 31:528-34. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Ellekilde Bonde JP. Semen analysis from an epidemiologic perspective. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:91-4. [PMID: 20111087 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2008.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) manual for semen analysis includes for the first time reference values for human semen characteristics. This paper considers whether such values will help to resolve the intensely debated data indicating temporal and geographical shifts in sperm counts and hypotheses that anthropogenic activities that result in the release of chemicals into the environment are detrimental to male reproductive health. The reasons that these reference values will not fulfil these purposes are also explained. Although established reference values for semen characteristics are of limited value in analytical epidemiologic research, the WHO guidelines are of utmost importance for supporting the development of appropriate research protocols. Moreover, in spite of its limitations, semen analysis is still a useful research tool in epidemiological research, and no superior alternatives are on the horizon.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increasing number of reports suggest that chemical and physical agents in the environment, introduced and spread by human activity, may affect male fertility in humans. This article aims at evaluating the impact of environmental exposures (pesticides, phthalates, PCBs, air pollution, trihalomethanes (THMs), mobile phones) on semen quality, by reviewing most recent published literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epidemiological studies focusing on exposure to environmental factors and semen quality for the last ten years were identified by a search of the Pubmed, Medline, Ebsco, Agricola and Toxnet literature bases. RESULTS The results from the presented studies suggest that there are strong and rather consistent indications that some pesticides besides DBCP (e.g. DDT/Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], ethylenedibromide, organophosphates) affects sperm count. PCBs are detrimental to sperm motility. In case of air pollution, studies suggest a link between ambient air pollutants and various semen characteristics. Additional research is needed to corroborate this association and to establish the causal agents. Results of few studies on subfertile men demonstrate associations between phthalate levels commonly experienced by the public and impaired sperm quality (impact on sperm concentration, morphology, motility), but the findings have not been corroborated in studies of men from the general population. Mobile phones might adversely affect the quality of semen by decreasing mostly motility but also the sperm counts, viability and morphology. In spite of their consistent results, most of the studies are rather small. Association between exposure to THMs and poor semen quality was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological studies suggest awareness of environmental factors which may affect semen quality. In case both of well proven and disputable reproductive and developmental hazards, it is necessary to prevent parental exposure to the agents associated with those hazards.
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Merzenich H, Zeeb H, Blettner M. Decreasing sperm quality: a global problem? BMC Public Health 2010; 10:24. [PMID: 20085639 PMCID: PMC2818620 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carlsen and coworkers (1992) reviewed 61 heterogeneous observational studies on semen quality published between 1938 and 1990. This review indicates that mean sperm density decreased significantly between 1940 and 1990. An extended meta-analysis with 101 studies confirmed a decline in sperm density for the period from 1934 to 1996 (2000). The key message of the meta-analyses is that sperm counts have decreased globally by about 50% over the past decades. This assessment has been questioned. DISCUSSION A major methodological problem of the meta-analysis is the use of data collected in different countries, at different times, on different populations and with different methods of semen analysis. Furthermore, the results of studies concerning semen analysis are frequently biased e.g. by selection criteria of volunteers. In most studies on human semen characteristics the populations under study are insufficiently defined and the study participants are not a representative population sample. The incidence of testicular cancer has increased in Caucasian men worldwide. The investigation of common risk factors for male reproductive disorders requires well designed epidemiological studies and the collection of individual data. SUMMARY Former meta-analyses of sperm count data show a global downward trend. This conclusion should be interpreted with caution. The included studies are of great heterogeneity due to geographical and/or ethnical variation, different study designs and different methodological standards. Population-based prospective studies are needed to investigate secular trends in male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiltrud Merzenich
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz
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Abstract
Male reproductive disorders that are of interest from an environmental point of view include sexual dysfunction, infertility, cryptorchidism, hypospadias and testicular cancer. Several reports suggest declining sperm counts and increase of these reproductive disorders in some areas during some time periods past 50 years. Except for testicular cancer this evidence is circumstantial and needs cautious interpretation. However, the male germ line is one of the most sensitive tissues to the damaging effects of ionizing radiation, radiant heat and a number of known toxicants. So far occupational hazards are the best documented risk factors for impaired male reproductive function and include physical exposures (radiant heat, ionizing radiation, high frequency electromagnetic radiation), chemical exposures (some solvents as carbon disulfide and ethylene glycol ethers, some pesticides as dibromochloropropane, ethylendibromide and DDT/DDE, some heavy metals as inorganic lead and mercury) and work processes such as metal welding. Improved working conditions in affluent countries have dramatically decreased known hazardous workplace exposures, but millions of workers in less affluent countries are at risk from reproductive toxicants. New data show that environmental low-level exposure to biopersistent pollutants in the diet may pose a risk to people in all parts of the world. For other toxicants the evidence is only suggestive and further evaluation is needed before conclusions can be drawn. Whether compounds as phthalates, bisphenol A and boron that are present in a large number of industrial and consumer products entails a risk remains to be established. The same applies to psychosocial stressors and use of mobile phones. Finally, there are data indicating a particular vulnerability of the fetal testis to toxicants-for instance maternal tobacco smoking. Time has come where male reproductive toxicity should be addressed form entirely new angles including exposures very early in life.
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32
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Single semen analysis as a predictor of semen quality: clinical and epidemiological implications. Asian J Androl 2009; 11:723-30. [PMID: 19823177 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2009.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally thought that a single ejaculate is a bad predictor of semen quality of a subject, because of significant intra-individual variation. Therefore, we investigated the degree to which the results of a first semen analysis differ from that of a second analysis among men from a general population in Norway. In addition, we analysed how the two different semen results mirrored the overall semen quality assessment. A total of 199 volunteers participated in the study and delivered two semen samples with an interval of 6 months. The semen parameters were determined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 guidelines, which were also used to determine whether semen quality was normal or abnormal. In addition, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was determined using the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay. The two samples from each individual were very similar with regard to standard semen parameters and DFI (r(s:) 0.67-0.72), and there were no significant systematic differences between the two samples. The result of the first sample (normal/abnormal) was highly predictive of the overall conclusion based on the two samples (sperm concentration: in 93% of the cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89%-96%); sperm motility: in 85% of the cases (95% CI: 79%-89%); overall semen quality: in 85% of the cases (95% CI: 80%-90%). In epidemiological studies, one ejaculate is a sufficient indicator of semen quality in a group of subjects. In a clinical situation, when the question is whether the semen quality is normal or not, the first ejaculate will, in at least 85% of cases, give a correct overall conclusion.
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Visser L, Westerveld G, Korver C, van Daalen S, Hovingh S, Rozen S, van der Veen F, Repping S. Y chromosome gr/gr deletions are a risk factor for low semen quality. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2667-73. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Messaros BM, Rossano MG, Liu G, Diamond MP, Friderici K, Nummy-Jernigan K, Daly D, Puscheck E, Paneth N, Wirth JJ. Negative effects of serum p,p'-DDE on sperm parameters and modification by genetic polymorphisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2009; 109:457-464. [PMID: 19303595 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effects of ambient exposure to DDT and its metabolites (DDE-DDT) on human sperm parameters and the role of genetic polymorphisms in modifying the association were investigated. METHODS Demographics, medical history data, blood and semen samples were obtained from the first 336 male partners of couples presenting to 2 infertility clinics. Serum was analyzed for organochlorines (OC) and DNA for polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1. Men with each sperm parameter considered low by WHO criteria (concentration <20million/mL, motility <50%, morphology <4%) were compared to men with all normal sperm parameters in logistic regression models, controlling for sum of other OC pesticides. RESULTS High DDE-DDT level was associated with significantly increased odds for all 3 low sperm parameters. The risk of low motility with high DDE-DDT exposure was increased in men with the GSTT1 null genotype compared to those with GSTT1 intact (odds ratio (OR)=4.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-16.78 and OR=3.57, 1.43-8.93, respectively). Risk for low morphology in men with high DDE-DDT and one or both CYP1A1*2A alleles was lower compared to men with the common CYP1A1 alleles (OR=2.18, 0.78-6.07 vs. OR=3.45, 1.32-9.03, respectively). Similar results were obtained for men with low DDE-DDT exposure. Effects of high DDE-DDT on low sperm concentration (OR=2.53, 1.0-6.31) was unaffected by the presence of the polymorphisms. CONCLUSION High DDE-DDT exposure adversely affected all 3 sperm parameters and its effects were exacerbated by the GSTT1 null polymorphism and by the CYP1A1 common alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Messaros
- Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, A632 West Fee Hall, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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Mailankot M, Kunnath AP, Jayalekshmi H, Koduru B, Valsalan R. Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64:561-5. [PMID: 19578660 PMCID: PMC2705159 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobile phones have become indispensable in the daily lives of men and women around the globe. As cell phone use has become more widespread, concerns have mounted regarding the potentially harmful effects of RF-EMR from these devices. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of RF-EMR from mobile phones on free radical metabolism and sperm quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male albino Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to RF-EMR from an active GSM (0.9/1.8 GHz) mobile phone for 1 hour continuously per day for 28 days. Controls were exposed to a mobile phone without a battery for the same period. The phone was kept in a cage with a wooden bottom in order to address concerns that the effects of exposure to the phone could be due to heat emitted by the phone rather than to RF-EMR alone. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last exposure and tissues of interest were harvested. RESULTS One hour of exposure to the phone did not significantly change facial temperature in either group of rats. No significant difference was observed in total sperm count between controls and RF-EMR exposed groups. However, rats exposed to RF-EMR exhibited a significantly reduced percentage of motile sperm. Moreover, RF-EMR exposure resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and low GSH content in the testis and epididymis. CONCLUSION Given the results of the present study, we speculate that RF-EMR from mobile phones negatively affects semen quality and may impair male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Mailankot
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal, Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal, India
- , Tel: 91 820 2922637
| | - Anil P Kunnath
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - H Jayalekshmi
- Amritha School of Biotechnology, Clappana, Kerala, India
| | - Bhargav Koduru
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Rohith Valsalan
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
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Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Bonde JP, Olsen J, Bech BH. Semen quality according to prenatal coffee and present caffeine exposure: two decades of follow-up of a pregnancy cohort. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2799-805. [PMID: 18757446 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies have investigated the association between male caffeine consumption in adult life and semen quality with conflicting results, but so far no studies have explored the effect of prenatal coffee exposure. We studied the association between prenatal coffee and current caffeine exposure and semen quality and levels of reproductive hormones. METHODS From a Danish pregnancy cohort established in 1984-1987, 347 sons out of 5109 were selected for a follow-up study conducted 2005-2006. Semen and blood samples were analyzed for conventional semen characteristics and reproductive hormones and were related to information on maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy and present caffeine consumption. Data were available for 343 men. RESULTS There was a tendency toward decreasing crude median semen volume (P = 0.06) and adjusted mean testosterone (P = 0.06) and inhibin B (P = 0.09) concentrations with increasing maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy. Sons of mothers drinking 4-7 cups/day had lower testosterone levels than sons of mothers drinking 0-3 cups/day (P = 0.04). Current male caffeine intake was associated with increasing testosterone levels (P = 0.007). Men with a high caffeine intake had approximately 14% higher concentration of testosterone than those with a low caffeine intake (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The results observed in this study are only tentative, but they do not exclude a small to moderate effect of prenatal coffee exposure on semen volume and levels of reproductive hormones. Present adult caffeine intake did not show any clear associations with semen quality, but high caffeine intake was associated with a higher testosterone concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Is overweight a risk factor for reduced semen quality and altered serum sex hormone profile? Fertil Steril 2007; 90:619-26. [PMID: 18068160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether overweight and obesity are related to changes in serum sex hormone concentrations and semen quality. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Data from five previous population-based environmental studies of semen quality were combined into one database at a university hospital in Denmark. PATIENT(S) In total, 2,139 men provided data to the database. INTERVENTION(S) Data on semen and blood samples and information on lifestyle and reproductive factors, including body mass index (BMI), were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Semen quality (volume, concentration, total sperm count, and motility) and serum concentration of sex hormones. RESULT(S) The T and inhibin B serum concentrations were 25%-32% lower in obese men in comparison with normal-weight men, whereas the E(2) concentration was 6% higher in obese men. Overweight men (BMI, 25.1-30.0 kg/m(2)) had a slightly lower adjusted sperm concentration and total sperm count than did men with a normal BMI (20.0-25.0 kg/m(2)), but no reduction in sperm count was observed among the obese men. CONCLUSION(S) These results corroborate earlier findings that overweight and obese men have a markedly changed sex hormone profile in serum, whereas reduction of semen quality, if any, was marginal and below the detection limit of this large study.
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Toft G, Long M, Krüger T, Hjelmborg PS, Bonde JP, Rignell-Hydbom A, Tyrkiel E, Hagmar L, Giwercman A, Spanó M, Bizzaro D, Pedersen HS, Lesovoy V, Ludwicki JK, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Semen quality in relation to xenohormone and dioxin-like serum activity among Inuits and three European populations. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115 Suppl 1:15-20. [PMID: 18174945 PMCID: PMC2174408 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen quality in humans may be influenced by exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds. OBJECTIVES We analyzed associations between semen characteristics and serum xenoestrogen receptor (XER), xenoandrogen receptor (XAR), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivity. XER and XAR activity were measured in serum samples cleared for endogenous steroid hormones and AhR activity in raw lipophilic serum extracts free of proteins. RESULTS All together, 319 men from Warsaw (Poland), Greenland, Kharkiv (Ukraine), and Sweden provided semen and blood samples. No strong and consistent associations between xenobiotic activity and semen quality measures were observed in the four populations. However, when the data were combined across populations sperm concentration increased 40% per unit increase in XER activity [95% confidence interval (CI), 1-79%] in the subgroup with XER activity below the reference level. Among subjects with XER activity above the reference level an increase of 14% (95% CI, 2-28%) was found. Furthermore, an increase of 10% motile sperm per unit increase in XER activity below reference level (95% CI, 0.2-20) was found. We are unable to exclude that the associations are chance findings. CONCLUSION Alteration of XER, XAR, or AhR transactivity within the range found in serum from the general European and Inuit population seems not to markedly deteriorate sperm cell concentration, motility, or morphology in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Toft
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Yan JG, Agresti M, Bruce T, Yan YH, Granlund A, Matloub HS. Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:957-64. [PMID: 17628553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of cellular phone emissions on rat sperm cells. DESIGN Classic experimental. SETTING Animal research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sixteen 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g. INTERVENTION(S) Rats in the experimental group were exposed to two 3-hour periods of daily cellular phone emissions for 18 weeks; sperm samples were then collected for evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Evaluation of sperm motility, sperm cell morphology, total sperm cell number, and mRNA levels for two cell surface adhesion proteins. RESULT(S) Rats exposed to 6 hours of daily cellular phone emissions for 18 weeks exhibited a significantly higher incidence of sperm cell death than control group rats through chi-squared analysis. In addition, abnormal clumping of sperm cells was present in rats exposed to cellular phone emissions and was not present in control group rats. CONCLUSION(S) These results suggest that carrying cell phones near reproductive organs could negatively affect male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Geng Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Is self-measuring of testicular volume by a Prader orchidometer a valid method? Fertil Steril 2007; 87:1480-2. [PMID: 17296192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared sperm donors' and donor candidates' self-measured testicular volumes with testicular volumes obtained by an experienced examiner and investigated the association between the testicular volumes obtained by both methods and semen characteristics. We found that the participants obtained valid measurements of their own testicular volumes.
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Storgaard L, Bonde JP, Ernst E, Andersen CY, Spanô M, Christensen K, Petersen HC, Olsen J. Genetic and environmental correlates of semen quality: a twin study. Epidemiology 2007; 17:674-81. [PMID: 17003685 DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000239730.47963.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influences of environmental factors on the male reproductive system have been much debated over the last 3 decades. We studied the impact of genes and environment on semen quality, sex hormone levels, and sperm chromatin stability by using a twin design. METHODS The study population consisted of monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the population-based Danish Twin Registry and a random selection of pairs of singleton brothers from the Danish Civil Registration System. All men were 20 to 45 years of age. The study population comprised 100 monozygotic twin brothers (50 pairs), 102 dizygotic twins (51 pairs), and 102 single-born brothers (51 pairs). A semen sample and blood sample were collected from all participants. RESULTS Heritability was estimated to account for 20% (95% confidence interval = 0% to 68%) of the variation in sperm density. A higher heritability was found for the hormones reflecting Sertoli cell function (inhibin B, 76% [36% to 84%] and follicle-stimulating hormone, 81% [40% to 88%]) and for percent morphologic normal cells (41% [0% to 60%] and sperm chromatin parameters (mean alphaT, 68% [34% to 81%] and COMP alphaT, 72% [25% to 82%], respectively). CONCLUSION Our study indicates a substantial hereditary component in plasma levels of hormones reflecting Sertoli cell function and in sperm cell chromatin stability and morphology. The environmental contribution (including the prenatal environment) appeared to be largest for sperm count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Storgaard
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Stronati A, Manicardi GC, Cecati M, Bordicchia M, Ferrante L, Spanò M, Toft G, Bonde JP, Jönsson BAG, Rignell-Hydbom A, Rylander L, Giwercman A, Pedersen HS, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Sakkas D, Bizzaro D. Relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm apoptotic markers and serum levels of CB-153 and p,p′-DDE in European and Inuit populations. Reproduction 2006; 132:949-58. [PMID: 17127755 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are suspected to interfere with hormone activity and the normal homeostasis of spermatogenesis. We investigated the relationships between sperm DNA fragmentation, apoptotic markers identified on ejaculated spermatozoa and POP levels in the blood of 652 adult males (200 Inuits from Greenland, 166 Swedish, 134 Polish and 152 Ukrainian). Serum levels of 2, 2′, 4, 4′, 5, 5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153), as a proxy of the total POP burden, and of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p′-DDE), as a proxy of the total DDT exposure were determined. Sperm DNA fragmentation was measured by using the TUNEL assay, whereas immunofluorescence methods were utilized for detecting pro-apoptotic (Fas) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-xL) markers. Both TUNEL assay and apoptotic markers were statistically differed across the four populations. No correlation between neither sperm DNA fragmentation nor apoptotic sperm parameters and the large variations in POPs exposure was observed for the separate study groups. However, considering the European populations taken together, we showed that both %TUNEL positivity and Bcl-xL were related to CB-153 serum levels, whereas our study failed to demonstrate any relations between DDE and %TUNEL positivity and apoptotic sperm biomarkers (Fas and Bcl-xL) in any region or overall regions. These results suggest that CB-153 and related chemicals might alter sperm DNA integrity and Bcl-xL levels in European adult males, but not in the highly exposed Inuit men. Additional issues (genetic background, lifestyle habits and characterization of total xeno-hormonal activities) need to be investigated in order to fully assess the population variations observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stronati
- Institute of Biology and Genetics, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Aggerholm AS, Jensen MS, Toft G, Bonde JP. Is smoking a risk factor for decreased semen quality? A cross-sectional analysis. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:188-96. [PMID: 16966350 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest a deleterious effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, but their results have not been consistent. We studied the association between current smoking and semen characteristics and hormonal levels in a large group of healthy men. METHODS From 1987 to 2004, seven separate occupational or environmental semen quality studies were co-ordinated by our department. A total of 2562 men participated, each providing semen and blood sample and answering a questionnaire about lifestyle and factors related to health. Appropriate semen and smoking data were available for 2542 men. RESULTS Adjusting for study, age and other covariates, we observed an inverse dose-response relation between smoking and semen volume, total sperm count and percentage motile sperm. Heavy smokers had a 19% lower sperm concentration than non-smokers. We found a positive dose-response relationship between smoking and testosterone, LH and the LH/free testosterone ratios. CONCLUSION Current smoking in adult life moderately impairs the semen quality. It is well known that semen quality is associated to fecundity. Therefore, it would be sensible to advise men to abstain from smoking to avoid decreased fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Ramlau-Hansen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Denmark.
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Toft G, Rignell-Hydbom A, Tyrkiel E, Shvets M, Giwercman A, Lindh CH, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Hagmar L, Spanó M, Manicardi GC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Thulstrup AM, Bonde JP. Semen Quality and Exposure to Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants. Epidemiology 2006; 17:450-8. [PMID: 16755259 DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000221769.41028.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent results have been found in previous human studies on male reproductive toxicity of persistent organochlorine pollutants. The majority of studies have been conducted among selected populations of infertility clients or among occupational cohorts including a limited number of participants. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of semen quality and serum concentration of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) among 763 men. We included men from all regions in Greenland (n = 194), fishermen from Sweden (n = 185), inhabitants of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine (n = 195), and inhabitants of the city of Warsaw, Poland (n = 189). Blood samples were analyzed for CB-153 and p,p'-DDE using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and adjusted for serum lipids. RESULTS Sperm concentration was not impaired with increasing serum CB-153 or p,p'-DDE levels in any of the separate groups or overall. Similarly, the proportion of morphologically normal sperm was not associated with either CB-153 or p,p'-DDE blood concentration. However, sperm motility was inversely related to CB-153 concentration in Greenland and the Swedish fishermen population. Across all 4 regions, the sperm motility decreased on average by 3.6% (95% confidence interval = 1.7% to 5.6%) per one-unit increase in the log of blood CB-153 (ng/g lipid). The concentration of p,p'-DDE was negatively associated with sperm motility in the Greenlandic population and in the compiled dataset. CONCLUSION Adult exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants within the ranges observed in the present study is not likely to cause reduction in sperm concentration or morphology. However, higher exposure may be associated with impaired sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Toft
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Gracia CR, Sammel MD, Coutifaris C, Guzick DS, Barnhart KT. Occupational exposures and male infertility. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:729-33. [PMID: 16120700 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between male occupational exposures and infertility. A retrospective case-control study was performed using data collected between 1991 and 1997 at nine US clinical sites as part of a previously conducted large multicenter trial. Cases were defined as infertile males whose partner had an infertility evaluation with normal results, and controls were defined as fertile males whose partner became pregnant within 2 years. Exposures were assessed by means of self-report questionnaires. Bivariate, stratified, and multivariable analyses were performed. A total of 650 infertile cases and 698 fertile controls were compared. In the final model, a protective association with infertility was observed for occupational exposures to radiation (odds ratio=0.21, 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 0.77) and video display terminals (odds ratio=0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.68). No significant associations were noted between infertility and exposure to shift work, metal fumes, electromagnetic fields, solvents, lead, paint, pesticides, work-related stress, or vibration. Overall, no clear, clinically important associations between occupational exposures and male infertility could be identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisa R Gracia
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Spanò M, Toft G, Hagmar L, Eleuteri P, Rescia M, Rignell-Hydbom A, Tyrkiel E, Zvyezday V, Bonde JP. Exposure to PCB and p, p′-DDE in European and Inuit populations: impact on human sperm chromatin integrity. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:3488-99. [PMID: 16223788 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POP), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p'-DDE), are widely found in the environment and considered potential endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC). Their impact on male fertility is still unknown. METHODS To explore the hypothesis that POP is associated with altered sperm chromatin integrity, a cross-sectional study involving 707 adult males (193 Inuits from Greenland, 178 Swedish fishermen, 141 men from Warsaw, Poland, and 195 men from Kharkiv, Ukraine) was carried out. Serum levels of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153), as a proxy of the total PCB burden, and of p,p'-DDE were determined. Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) was used to assess sperm DNA/chromatin integrity. RESULTS We found a strong and monotonically increasing DNA fragmentation index with increasing serum levels of CB-153 among European but not Inuit men, reaching a 60% higher average level in the highest exposure group. No significant associations were found between SCSA-derived parameters and p, p'-DDE serum concentrations. CONCLUSION These results suggest that human dietary PCB exposure might have a negative impact on the sperm chromatin integrity of adult males but additional issues, including differences in the genetic background and lifestyle habits, still need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Spanò
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, BIOTEC-MED, ENEA Casaccia, 00060 Rome, Italy.
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Mabeck LM, Jensen MS, Toft G, Thulstrup M, Andersson M, Jensen TK, Giwercman A, Olsen J, Bonde JP. Fecundability according to male serum inhibin B—a prospective study among first pregnancy planners. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2909-15. [PMID: 16024538 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New biological markers of male fecundity are needed for use in large-scale epidemiological studies. We studied the association between male inhibin B and fecundability. METHODS Four hundred and thirty Danish couples without previous reproductive experience were followed from termination of contraception until pregnancy or for a maximum of six menstrual cycles. At enrolment we obtained semen samples (n = 418) and blood samples to measure reproductive hormones, including inhibin B (n = 343). RESULTS The fecundability odds ratio for an increment of male inhibin B by 1 log pg/ml was 1.428 (95% confidence interval 1.022-1.994), adjusted for factors influencing the crude estimate. Only inhibin B values below 100 pg/ml were strongly related to fecundability. We designed a receiver operating characteristic curve based on the 29 males with serum inhibin B #100 pg/ml. The area under the curve (AUC) for inhibin B was 0.787 and the corresponding AUCs for sperm density and FSH were 0.913 and 0.800, respectively. CONCLUSION Serum inhibin B may be a reliable marker of male fecundity for epidemiological research and may have some advantages over sperm density. Our findings do not support the replacement of sperm density by male inhibin B when obtaining sperm data is an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Mabeck
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus Sygehus, Denmark
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Jensen MS, Mabeck LM, Toft G, Thulstrup AM, Bonde JP. Lower sperm counts following prenatal tobacco exposure. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:2559-66. [PMID: 15919771 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings have indicated that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke may cause lower sperm concentration in ejaculates of adult men. To extend the research on this hypothesis we investigated the dose-dependency of the association, controlling for other prenatal exposures. METHODS From 1987 to 1996, four separate occupational semen studies were conducted at three centres in Denmark. A total of 945 men provided semen and blood samples, and information on reproductive and lifestyle factors. In 2004, we collected data on the maternal smoking habits during pregnancy from 522 mothers of the participating men. RESULTS Adjusting for study subgroup, abstinence time and other factors, we found statistically non-significant differences in mean sperm concentrations: 65.0 x 10(6)/ml [95% confidence interval (CI) 51, 81] among sons of non-smokers; 59.1 x 10(6)/ml (95% CI 46, 75) among sons of mothers who had smoked 1-10 cigarettes/day; and 57.7 x 10(6)/ml (95% CI 40, 81) among those whose mothers had smoked >10 cigarettes/day. The former group had a higher odds ratio (OR) for oligozoospermia (sperm concentration < or =20 x 10(6)/ml) of 1.5 (95% CI 0.9, 2.8), the latter group an OR of 2.6 (95% CI 1.2, 5.8). CONCLUSION We observed a dose-dependent association between prenatal tobacco exposure, lower sperm concentration and higher risk of oligozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Jensen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Denmark
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Muller A, De La Rochebrochard E, Labbé-Declèves C, Jouannet P, Bujan L, Mieusset R, Le Lannou D, Guerin JF, Benchaib M, Slama R, Spira A. Selection bias in semen studies due to self-selection of volunteers. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2838-44. [PMID: 15388680 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of a secular decrease in semen quality remain controversial, particularly due to the possibility of selection bias. We aimed to describe the potential bias due to self-selection of volunteers in semen studies involving fecund men. METHODS Using data from the French multicentre study REPRHOM, we compared the characteristics of the partners of pregnant women for three levels of participation: completion of a refusal questionnaire (n = 698), agreement to complete the study questionnaires only (n = 676) and agreement to complete the study questionnaires and give a semen sample (n = 331, 13% of the subjects approached). RESULTS Poorly educated men refused more often to participate than highly educated men. Semen providers were more likely to have experienced unfavourable pregnancy outcomes (odds ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.14-2.49) compared with participants completing the questionnaires only. Time to pregnancy was similar for all participants. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the existence of selection bias in semen studies associated with fertility and socio-demographic characteristics of men. The results of semen analysis for this population sample cannot be extrapolated to the whole population from which the volunteers originate. More information is required on who participates, and participation rates should be reported in semen studies to make it possible to interpret the results correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muller
- INSERM (National Institute For Health and Medical Research) U569 IFR69, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France.
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