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Nikopaschou MS, Félix A, Mollergues J, Scholz G, Schilter B, Marin-Kuan M, Fussell KC. Coupling the H295R and ERα and AR U2OS CALUX assays enables simultaneous testing for estrogenic, anti-androgenic and steroidogenic modalities. Toxicol Sci 2023:7188118. [PMID: 37261848 PMCID: PMC10375316 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine active substances, including steroidogenesis modulators, have received increased attention. The in vitro H295R steroidogenesis assay (OECD TG 456) is commonly used to test for this modality. However, current detection methods often fail to capture alterations to estrogen biosynthesis. The present study explored the potential of ERα and AR CALUX bioassays to serve as a detection system for the original H295R assay, as they can quantify lower hormone concentrations and can simultaneously provide information about estrogen- and androgen- receptor activities. Using substances from the original OECD validation study, we obtained lowest observed effect concentrations for steroidogenesis mostly equivalent to those previously reported and sometimes lower for estrogen biosynthesis. However, categorization of many of these substances as receptor (ant)agonists or disruptors of steroidogenesis was difficult because often substances had both modalities, including some where the receptor-mediated activities were identified at concentrations below those triggering steroidogenic effects. When the leading activity was not accounted for, H295R-CALUX assay sensitivity in comparison to the OECD validation study was 0.50 for androgen and 0.78 for estrogen biosynthesis. However, upon reinterpretation of the combined assay results to identify endocrine activities without regard to the modality or direction of effects, assay sensitivity was equal to 1.00. These proof-of-concept study findings indicate the high relevance of this assay for the identification of endocrine active substances with additional valuable mode-of-action information and the capacity to detect smaller changes in estrogen biosynthesis, suggesting that the coupled H295R-CALUX assay has promise for the analysis of samples in a decision-making context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Félix
- Food Safety Research, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabriele Scholz
- Food Safety Research, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Schilter
- Food Safety Research, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Karma C Fussell
- Food Safety Research, Nestlé Research, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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2
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Tue NM, Matsukami H, Tuyen LH, Suzuki G, Viet PH, Sudaryanto A, Subramanian A, Tanabe S, Kunisue T. Estrogenic, androgenic, and glucocorticoid activities and major causative compounds in river waters from three Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:20765-20774. [PMID: 36255587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors (ER, AR, and GR) agonist activities in river water samples from Chennai and Bangalore (India), Jakarta (Indonesia), and Hanoi (Vietnam) were evaluated using a panel of chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) assays and were detected mainly in the dissolved phase. The ER agonist activity levels were 0.011-55 ng estradiol (E2)-equivalent/l, higher than the proposed effect-based trigger (EBT) value of 0.5 ng/l in most of the samples. The AR agonist activity levels were < 2.1-110 ng dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-equivalent/l, and all levels above the limit of quantification exceeded the EBT value of 3.4 ng/l. GR agonist activities were detected in only Bangalore and Hanoi samples at dexamethasone (Dex)-equivalent levels of < 16-150 ng/l and exceeded the EBT value of 100 ng/l in only two Bangalore samples. Major compounds contributing to the ER, AR, and GR agonist activities were identified for water samples from Bangalore and Hanoi, which had substantially higher activities in all assays, by using a combination of fractionation, CALUX measurement, and non-target and target chemical analysis. The results for pooled samples showed that the major ER agonists were the endogenous estrogens E2 and estriol, and the major GR agonists were the synthetic glucocorticoids Dex and clobetasol propionate. The only AR agonist identified in major androgenic water extract fractions was DHT, but several unidentified compounds with the same molecular formulae as endogenous androgens were also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Agus Sudaryanto
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annamalai Subramanian
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
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Brennan J, Henke A, Gale R, Nicks D, Tillitt D. Comparison of Two Estrogen Chemically Activated Luciferase Expression Cell Bioassays to Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Quantifying Estrone in Water Samples. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023; 42:333-339. [PMID: 36541329 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) cell bioassays are popular tools for assessing endocrine activity of chemicals such as certain environmental contaminants. Although activity equivalents can be obtained from CALUX analysis, directly comparing these equivalents to those obtained from analytical chemistry methods can be problematic because of the complexity of endocrine active pathways. We explored the suitability of two estrogen CALUX bioassays (the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-approved VM7Luc4E2 cell bioassay and the VM7LucERβc9 cell bioassay) for quantitation of estrogen. Quadrupole-time of flight ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was selected as a comparative method. Regression analysis of measured estrone (E1) calibration samples showed all three methods to be highly predictive of nominal concentrations (p ≤ 7.5 × 10-51 ). Extracts of water sampled from laboratory dilutor tanks containing E1 at 0, 20, and 200 ng/L alone and in combination with atrazine were selected to test the quantitative capabilities of the CALUX assays. Process controls (0 and 100 ng E1/L) and a separate E1 standard (10 ng/ml, used to prepare the E1 process control) were also tested. Levels of E1 determined by LC/MS analysis and bioanalytical equivalents (ng E1/L) determined by CALUX analyses were comparable except in certain instances where the samples required dilution prior to CALUX analyses (e.g., the E1 process control and E1 standard). In those instances, measurements by CALUX were slightly but significantly decreased relative to LC/MS. Atrazine had no effect on the ability of either LC/MS or the CALUX bioassays to quantify E1. The present study illustrates the CALUX bioassays as successful in quantifying an estrogen in simple water samples and further characterizes their utility for screening. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:333-339. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brennan
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Abigail Henke
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
- Biology Department, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Gale
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Diane Nicks
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Donald Tillitt
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri
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4
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Collet B, Desalegn AA, Swart K, Naderman M, Iszatt N, Stigum H, Jensen TK, Brouwer A, Eggesbø M, van der Burg B. Anti-androgenic compounds in breast milk and cryptorchidism among Norwegian boys in the HUMIS birth cohort. Sci Total Environ 2022; 803:149746. [PMID: 34525773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cryptorchidism has increased over the past decades, yet its origins remain poorly understood. Testis descent is dependent on androgens and likely affected by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), targeting the androgen receptor (AR). We investigated the association between anti-androgenic activity, not derived from natural hormones, in maternal breast milk and impaired testis descent among boys. We performed a case-control study based on 199 breast milk samples from 94 mothers of cryptorchid boys and 105 random non-cryptorchid boys participating in the Norwegian HUMIS (Human Milk Study) cohort. For each participant, apolar, and polar fractions were extracted, and combined to reconstitute a mixture. Anti-androgenic activity was measured in all three fractions using the human cell-based in vitro anti-AR CALUX® assay and expressed in μg of flutamide equivalent, a well-known antiandrogen. Results from fraction analyses were compared among boys with cryptorchidism and controls using multiple logistic regression, controlling for appropriate confounders identified using a directed acyclic graph. Children's daily exposure to anti-androgenic EDCs through breastfeeding was estimated to 78 μg flutamide eq./kg of body weigh/day. The activity was higher in the polar fraction (1.48 ± 1.37 μg flutamide eq./g of milk) mainly representing non-persistent chemicals, in contrast to other fractions. However, the activity in the polar extracts was decreased when in mixtures with the apolar fraction, indicating synergistic interactions. No significant difference in the activity was observed according to cryptorchid status for polar, apolar or mixed breast milk fractions. The study showed anti-androgenic activity in nearly all human milk samples, and at levels higher than the advisory threshold. However, no significant association was observed between cryptorchidism and antiandrogenic activity measured in either polar, apolar, or mixture fractions derived from breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Collet
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ecological Science, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anteneh A Desalegn
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kees Swart
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs Naderman
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Non-communicable Disease, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Ecological Science, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Been F, Pronk T, Louisse J, Houtman C, van der Velden-Slootweg T, van der Oost R, Dingemans MML. Development of a framework to derive effect-based trigger values to interpret CALUX data for drinking water quality. Water Res 2021; 193:116859. [PMID: 33540341 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioassays are increasingly being implemented for water quality monitoring as targeted chemical analyses are not always sufficient for the detection of all emerging chemicals or transformation products. However, the interpretation of bioassay results remains challenging, in particular because a positive response does not necessarily indicate that there may be an increased risk. For this purpose, effect-based trigger (EBT) values have been introduced as thresholds above which action needs to be undertaken to determine the cause of the response. The goals of this study were to (i) evaluate various approaches used to determine EBT values and (ii) based on the findings, derive human health EBT values for Chemical Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (CALUX) in vitro bioassays used for routine monitoring of water quality in the Netherlands. Finally, (iii) an uncertainty analysis was carried out to determine the protective power of the derived EBT values and the chance that potentially harmful substances might not be detected. EBT values that can be implemented in routine monitoring could be determined for four of eight selected bioassays. These EBT were compared to bioassay results from routine water quality monitoring carried out in the Netherlands. Furthermore, a framework for the calculation and evaluation of derived EBT values for routine application to monitor drinking water and its sources is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Been
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands.
| | - Tessa Pronk
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708WB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Corine Houtman
- The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003RS Haarlem, Netherlands
| | | | - Ron van der Oost
- Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Goya-Jorge E, Doan TQ, Scippo ML, Muller M, Giner RM, Barigye SJ, Gozalbes R. Elucidating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism from a chemical-structural perspective. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2020; 31:209-226. [PMID: 31916862 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1708460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in several biological processes such as reproduction, immunity and homoeostasis. However, little is known on the chemical-structural and physicochemical features that influence the activity of AhR antagonistic modulators. In the present report, in vitro AhR antagonistic activity evaluations, based on a chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (AhR-CALUX) bioassay, and an extensive literature review were performed with the aim of constructing a structurally diverse database of contaminants and potentially toxic chemicals. Subsequently, QSAR models based on Linear Discriminant Analysis and Logistic Regression, as well as two toxicophoric hypotheses were proposed to model the AhR antagonistic activity of the built dataset. The QSAR models were rigorously validated yielding satisfactory performance for all classification parameters. Likewise, the toxicophoric hypotheses were validated using a diverse set of 350 decoys, demonstrating adequate robustness and predictive power. Chemical interpretations of both the QSAR and toxicophoric models suggested that hydrophobic constraints, the presence of aromatic rings and electron-acceptor moieties are critical for the AhR antagonism. Therefore, it is hoped that the deductions obtained in the present study will contribute to elucidate further on the structural and physicochemical factors influencing the AhR antagonistic activity of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Goya-Jorge
- CEEI (Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras), ProtoQSAR SL, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - T Q Doan
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M L Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA-Research, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - R M Giner
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - S J Barigye
- CEEI (Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras), ProtoQSAR SL, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Gozalbes
- CEEI (Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras), ProtoQSAR SL, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- R&D Department, MolDrug AI Systems SL, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Guo W, Van Langenhove K, Vandermarken T, Denison MS, Elskens M, Baeyens W, Gao Y. In situ measurement of estrogenic activity in various aquatic systems using organic diffusive gradients in thin-film coupled with ERE- CALUX bioassay. Environ Int 2019; 127:13-20. [PMID: 30897513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic-diffusive gradients in thin-film samplers (o-DGT), were developed and applied for accumulation of estrogen and estrogen-like compounds on a XAD18 resin and deployed in situ in the effluents of Beijing Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant (GWWTP) and Brussels North Wastewater Treatment Plant as well as in several aquatic systems in Belgium, including the Zenne River, the Belgian Oostende Harbor and the North Sea. Estrogenic compounds accumulate on the XAD18 resin and the estrogenic activity of the resin extract was measured with the Estrogen Responsive Elements-Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (ERE-CALUX) bioassay. With this result and by applying Fick's diffusion law, it is possible to calculate the estrogenic activity in the aquatic system, if the diffusion boundary layer (DBL) is known or negligible compared to the hydrogel diffusive layer thickness. The DBL thickness in our study varied from 0.010 to 0.023 cm and ignoring the DBL thickness would for instance, underestimate the estrogenic activity by 10-20%. Estrogenic activities in the secondary effluent of GWWTP were the highest (29 ± 4 ng E2-equivalents L-1), while the lowest level was found at the Belgian Oostende Harbor (0.05 ± 0.01 ng E2-equivalents L-1). Comparable estrogenic activities in water samples measured by o-DGT and grab sampling were obtained, confirming that o-DGT can be efficiently used in various aquatic systems. The advantage of our sampling and measuring method is that very low, time averaged estrogenic activities can be determined, with a minimum of sample treatment. The risk of sample contamination is very low as well as the cost of the whole analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marc Elskens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050, Belgium.
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Jia Y, Hammers-Wirtz M, Crawford SE, Chen Q, Seiler TB, Schäffer A, Hollert H. Effect-based and chemical analyses of agonistic and antagonistic endocrine disruptors in multiple matrices of eutrophic freshwaters. Sci Total Environ 2019; 651:1096-1104. [PMID: 30266054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, both bioanalytical and instrumental tools were employed to examine the endocrine-disruptive potentials of water samples, cyanobloom samples, and sediment samples collected from in the northern region of Taihu Lake (China) during cyanobloom season. Results from cell-based bioassays suggested the occurrence of estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and anti-glucocorticogenic activities, while no androgenic and glucocorticogenic activities were observed in the collected samples. Using an UPLC-MS/MS system, 29 endocrine disrupting compounds including seven estrogens, seven androgens, six progestogens, and five adrenocortical hormones and four industrial pollutants were simultaneously detected. 17, 20 and 12 chemicals were detected at least in one of the water samples, cyanobloom samples and sediment samples, respectively. Since both agonistic and antagonistic endocrine-disruptive activities were detected in the present study, commonly used receptor-based in vitro bioassays resulted in net effects, suggesting that the hormone receptor agonistic potentials might be underestimated with this practice. The EDCs detected in cyanobloom samples also highlight the necessity to consider the phytoplankton matrix for understanding the mass fluxes of endocrine disruptors in eutrophic freshwaters and to consider it in monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiqing Chen
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Aachen, Germany; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Dusserre C, Mollergues J, Lo Piparo E, Smieško M, Marin-Kuan M, Schilter B, Fussell K. Using bisphenol A and its analogs to address the feasibility and usefulness of the CALUX-PPARγ assay to identify chemicals with obesogenic potential. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:208-221. [PMID: 30138673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposures have been implicated in the obesity epidemic as potential mis-regulators of a variety of metabolic pathways. As agonism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear hormone receptor γ (PPARγ) is one of the suspected mechanisms involved, a PPARγ screening assay may have relevance for the biodetection of such effects of environmental chemicals. To test this hypothesis, we established the PPARγ2-CALUX® assay in-house and tested it against a number of known and suspected PPARγ modulators. Furthermore, we added a rat liver S9 metabolizing system to the protocol to introduce metabolic competence to the assay. Our results confirmed the responsiveness of the cell line to the known PPARγ agonists and antagonists: rosiglitazone, tributyltin, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, GW9662 and diclofenac. These data are in agreement with previous studies in various models. Seven bisphenol analogs tested induced little to no agonist activity, but all demonstrated antagonistic properties. These findings were contrary to both our assumptions and literature reports. Addition of the S9-metabolizing system to each of these tests did not alter any of the measured activities. Taken together, it seems probable that there are additional obesogenic effects of these chemicals which would not be detected by this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dusserre
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - Julie Mollergues
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Lausanne 26 CH-1000, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Lausanne 26 CH-1000, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Molecular Modeling Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Benoit Schilter
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Lausanne 26 CH-1000, Switzerland
| | - Karma Fussell
- Nestlé Research, Route du Jorat 57, Lausanne 26 CH-1000, Switzerland.
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Filipkowska A, Lubecki L, Szymczak-Żyła M, Ciesielski TM, Jenssen BM, Ardelan MV, Mazur-Marzec H, Breedveld GD, Oen AMP, Zamojska A, Kowalewska G. Anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystem health: A comparative multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments in coastal waters. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 133:328-335. [PMID: 30041322 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous substances entering the sea, and ultimately deposited in bottom sediments, pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems. The present study characterized two coastal areas exposed to significant anthropogenic impact - Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland), and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway) - by conducting a multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments, and comparing the results in light of different available thresholds for selected contaminants. Sediment samples were analyzed for benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenols (NPs), organotin compounds (OTs), toxic metals (Cd, Hg, Pb), as well as mutagenic, genotoxic and endocrine-disrupting activities (in CALUX bioassays). In general, a declining trend in the deposition of contaminants was observed. Sediments from both basins were not highly contaminated with PAHs, NPs and metals, while OT levels may still give rise to concern in the Norwegian fjords. The results suggest that the contamination of sediments depends also on water/sediment conditions in a given region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filipkowska
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Ludwik Lubecki
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Murat V Ardelan
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Gijs D Breedveld
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amy M P Oen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Zamojska
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Management, University of Gdańsk, Sopot, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kowalewska
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
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11
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Vandermarken T, Croes K, Van Langenhove K, Boonen I, Servais P, Garcia-Armisen T, Brion N, Denison MS, Goeyens L, Elskens M. Endocrine activity in an urban river system and the biodegradation of estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals through a bio-analytical approach using DRE- and ERE- CALUX bioassays. Chemosphere 2018; 201:540-549. [PMID: 29533803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Zenne River, crossing the Brussels region (Belgium) is an extremely urbanized river impacted by both domestic and industrial effluents. The objective of this study was to monitor the occurrence and activity of Endocrine Active Substances (EAS) in river water and sediments in the framework of the Environmental Quality Standards Directive (2008/105/EC and 2013/39/EU). Activities were determined using Estrogen and Dioxin Responsive Elements (ERE and DRE) Chemical Activated Luciferase Gene Expression (CALUX) bioassays. A potential contamination source of estrogen active compounds was identified in the river at an industrial area downstream from Brussels with a peak value of 938 pg E2 eq./L water (above the EQS of 0.4 ng/L) and 195 pg E2 eq./g sediment. Estrogens are more abundantly present in the sediments than in the dissolved phase. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed high correlations between Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Particulate (POC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and estrogenic EAS. The dioxin fractions comply with previous data and all were above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) low-level risk, with one (42 pg TCDD eq./g sediment) exceeding the high-level risk value for mammals. The self-purifying ability of the Zenne River regarding estrogens was examined with an in vitro biodegradation experiment using the bacterial community naturally present in the river. Hill coefficient and EC50 values (Effective Concentration at 50%) revealed a process of biodegradation in particulate and dissolved phase. The estrogenic activity was decreased by 80%, demonstrating the ability of self-purification of estrogenic compounds in the Zenne River.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vandermarken
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - K Croes
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Van Langenhove
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Boonen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Servais
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Department of Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Boulevard Du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Garcia-Armisen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Department of Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Boulevard Du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Brion
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M S Denison
- University of California at Davis, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L Goeyens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Elskens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Vandermarken T, Gao Y, Baeyens W, Denison MS, Croes K. Dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in sediment samples and suspended particulate matter from the Scheldt estuary and the North Sea Coast: Comparison of CALUX concentration levels in historical and recent samples. Sci Total Environ 2018; 626:109-116. [PMID: 29335165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Scheldt estuary is historically a highly polluted river system. While several studies have focused on contamination with metals, pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and marker PolyChlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), no data are available concerning past contamination by dioxin-like compounds. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine spatial and time trends of PolyChlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and DibenzoFurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in sediment samples and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) from the Scheldt River basin and the North Sea Coast. METHODS Dioxin-like compounds (PCDD/F and dl-PCB fractions) were measured with the CALUX-bioassay. Bioanalytical EQuivalent concentrations (BEQs) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content of historical (1982-1984) and recent (2011-2015) sediment and SPM samples from different locations in the coastal area and the estuary, were evaluated. RESULTS A decrease in dioxin-like compound concentrations was found at all stations over time, especially for the PCDD/Fs. Dl-PCBs were relatively low in all samples. The Scheldt mouth and the Antwerp harbor yielded the highest BEQs and levels were higher in SPM than in sediment due to the higher organic carbon content in this fraction. CONCLUSIONS Current PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in the Belgian Coastal Zone and Scheldt estuary are much lower than their levels 30 years ago and pose a relatively low risk to the aquatic system. This is the result of a strong decrease in emissions, however, large local variabilities in sediment concentration levels can still exist because of local variability in sedimentation, erosion rates and in organic carbon content.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vandermarken
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Y Gao
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Baeyens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M S Denison
- University of California at Davis, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Croes
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Vermeirssen ELM, Dietschweiler C, Werner I, Burkhardt M. Corrosion protection products as a source of bisphenol A and toxicity to the aquatic environment. Water Res 2017; 123:586-593. [PMID: 28704774 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Steel components are typically treated with anti-corrosion coatings like epoxy or polyurethane resins to protect the integrity and functioning of steel. Such resins may contain substances, such as bisphenol A (BPA), that have caused concern in a human and environmental toxicological context. We investigated the release of toxicity from four anti-corrosion coatings used in hydraulic and civil engineering. Resins were applied onto glass plates and leachate samples produced by horizontally shaking the plates in water for 7 days. Two experiments were conducted, one with a 1 day and one with a 7 day curing period. Using a suite of bioassays, we tested samples for: agonistic and antagonistic effects on various mammalian nuclear receptors; inhibition of photosynthesis and growth in algae; inhibition of bacterial bioluminescence; and inhibition of water flea reproduction. Concentrations of BPA, bisphenol F and various BPA transformation products were determined by chemical analysis (LC-MS/MS). Bioassay results were evaluated using a scheme developed by DIBt (Centre of Competence for Construction, Berlin, Germany). Three products induced responses in one or more of the measured endpoints and toxicity profiles varied markedly in intensity across products. One product released high amounts of BPA which was associated with effects on nuclear receptor transactivation, requiring a more than 700-fold dilution for effect induction to fall below 20%. The same product was also the most toxic to water flea reproduction, requiring ca. 70-fold dilution for effects to fall below 20%. Another product was highly toxic in terms of bacterial bioluminescence, particularly after a shorter curing time, requiring a ca. 1'300-fold dilution for effects to fall below 20%. The third product required a 22-fold dilution for inhibition of water flea reproduction to drop below 20%. Results show that anti-corrosion coatings based on epoxy resins can be a source of toxicity to the aquatic environment. The fact that some products are more toxic than others highlights opportunities for the development of low risk formulations and products with better environmental performance. Finally, the DIBt scheme provides a useful starting point to develop further ecotoxicity guidelines for testing and data evaluation of leachates from construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conrad Dietschweiler
- HSR University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Process Engineering (UMTEC), 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Burkhardt
- HSR University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Process Engineering (UMTEC), 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
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14
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Khedidji S, Croes K, Yassaa N, Ladji R, Denison MS, Baeyens W, Elskens M. Assessment of dioxin-like activity in PM 10 air samples from an industrial location in Algeria, using the DRE- CALUX bioassay. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:11868-11877. [PMID: 26611627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When compared to the European guidelines, PM10 (particulate matter up to 10-μm size) concentrations in Algeria are often exceeding the maximum limits, and in general, no information exists on the compounds bound on its surface. The objective of this study was to measure the dioxin-like activity of polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the PM10 fraction at the Sour El Ghozlane cement plant in Algeria. PM10 samples (n = 23) were taken between 24 March and 15 April 2013, using a medium volume sampler and 47-mm PTFE filters. The 24-h samples were dried to determine the PM10 content and afterward extracted, cleaned up, and analyzed with the dioxin-responsive element-chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (DRE-CALUX) bioassay. Our results showed that the measured bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs) were similar to those in other international industrial sites worldwide. The PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) were positively correlated (rho = 0.6, p = 0.002), indicating that they have similar sources. Furthermore, samples from March showed higher PCDD/F and dl-PCB BEQs and humidity but lower temperatures compared to samples from April, while there was no difference in the PM10 concentrations between the two months. These results reveal that PM10 alone is not a good proxy and that meteorological conditions are an important factor in assessing dioxin-like pollution in the atmosphere. It seems that, at present, there is no health hazard through direct airborne human exposure to dioxin-like pollutants in PM10 from this site. However, it is important to monitor these POPs for a longer period of time and also to gain more insight in their distribution between the particulate and gas phase in relation to meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidali Khedidji
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akli Mohand Oulhadj, Bouira, 10000, Algeria
| | - Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Noureddine Yassaa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Centre de Dévelopement des Energies Renouvelable (CDER), EPST, BP 62, Route de l'Observatoire, Bouzaréah, Algeria
| | - Riad Ladji
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32 El-Alia Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment - Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Croes K, Van den Heuvel R, Van den Bril B, Staelens J, Denison MS, Van Langenhove K, Vandermarken T, Elskens M. Assessment of estrogenic and androgenic activity in PM10 air samples from an urban, industrial and rural area in Flanders (Belgium) using the CALUX bioassay. Environ Res 2016; 150:66-72. [PMID: 27257826 PMCID: PMC7932495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disrupting chemicals represent a broad class of compounds, are widespread in the environment and can pose severe health effects. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the overall estrogen and androgen activating potential of PM10 air samples at an urban, rural and industrial location in Flanders, using a human in vitro cell bioassay. METHODS PM10 samples were collected on glass fiber filters every six days between April 2013 and January 2014 using a high-volume sampler. Extraction was executed with a hexane/acetone mixture before analysis using a recombinant estrogen- or androgen responsive human carcinoma cell line. Results were expressed as bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs) per cubic meter of air. RESULTS High fluctuations in estrogenic activity were observed during the entire sampling period, with median BEQs of 32.1, 35.9 and 31.1 fg E2-Eq m(-)³ in the industrial, urban and rural background area, respectively. Estrogenic activity was measured in 70% of the samples, while no androgenic activity was observed in any of the samples. The estrogenic activity in the industrial area was positively correlated with the airborne concentration of the sum of the non-carcinogenic PAHs pyrene and fluoranthene (rho=0.48; p<0.01) and the sum of the carcinogenic PAHs (rho=0.36; p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that no androgenic activity was present in PM10 and that although the median estrogenic activity was rather low and comparable in the three locations, high fluctuations in estrogenic response exist over time. While atmospheric PAHs contributed to the observed estrogenic response, especially in the industrial area, the chemicals responsible for the majority of estrogenic activity remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Bo Van den Bril
- Unit Air, Flanders Environment Agency (VMM), Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Staelens
- Unit Air, Flanders Environment Agency (VMM), Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Bain PA, Basheer VS, Gregg A, Jena JK, Kumar A. In vitro nuclear receptor activity and in vivo gene expression analysis in Murray-Darling rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) after short-term exposure to fluoxetine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 188:1-8. [PMID: 27235599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) is one of numerous pharmaceuticals found in treated municipal wastewater discharged to the environment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short-term (96h) waterborne FLX exposure (1μg/L or 100μg/L) on the expression of selected genes in brain, liver, and gonads of female Murray-Darling rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis), a small-bodied teleost of ecotoxicological relevance in the Australasia region. Plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) levels were also determined. In the brain, no significant changes in mRNA levels were observed for the selected genes. In ovaries, 100μg/L FLX caused a 10-fold downregulation of aromatase A (cyp19a1a) mRNA and a 4-fold upregulation of estrogen receptor α (esr1) mRNA levels. In liver, mRNA levels for vitellogenin A (vtga) and choriogenin L (chgl) were downregulated by 50-fold and 18-fold compared with controls, respectively, in response to 100μg/L FLX. Concentrations of E2 in plasma were significantly lower than controls in response to 100μg/L FLX. This could be attributable to a decrease in estrogen biosynthesis as a result of the observed downregulation of cyp19a1a mRNA. To establish whether the observed changes in gene expression could be explained by the modulation of selected nuclear receptors by FLX, we employed panel of reporter gene assays in agonistic and antagonistic modes. Apart from minor activation of ERα after exposure to high concentrations (5μM), FLX did not activate or inhibit the nuclear receptors tested. Further study is required to determine whether the observed downregulation of ovarian aromatase expression and liver estrogen-regulated genes also occurs at environmentally relevant FLX concentrations over longer exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bain
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and Water, Private Mail Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - V S Basheer
- Peninsular and Marine fish Genetic Resources Centre, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - Adrienne Gregg
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and Water, Private Mail Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - J K Jena
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anu Kumar
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and Water, Private Mail Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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17
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Croes K, Debaillie P, Van den Bril B, Staelens J, Vandermarken T, Van Langenhove K, Denison MS, Leermakers M, Elskens M. Assessment of estrogenic activity in PM₁₀ air samples with the ERE- CALUX bioassay: Method optimization and implementation at an urban location in Flanders (Belgium). Chemosphere 2016; 144:392-398. [PMID: 26383266 PMCID: PMC7976781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals represent a broad class of compounds, are widespread in the environment and can pose severe health effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the overall estrogen activating potential of PM10 air samples at an urban location with high traffic incidence in Flanders, using a human in vitro cell bioassay. PM10 samples (n = 36) were collected on glass fiber filters every six days between April 2013 and January 2014 using a high-volume sampler. Extraction was executed with a hexane/acetone mixture before analysis using a recombinant estrogen-responsive human ovarian carcinoma (BG1Luc4E2) cell line. In addition, several samples and procedural blanks were extracted with ultra-pure ethanol or acetonitrile to compare extraction efficiencies. Results were expressed as bioanalytical equivalents (BEQs) in femtogram 17β-estradiol equivalent (fg E2-Eq) per cubic meter of air. High fluctuations in estrogenic activity were observed during the entire sampling period, with mean and median BEQs of 50.7 and 35.9 fg E2-Eq m(-)(3), respectively. Estrogenic activity was measured in more than 70% of the samples and several sample extracts showed both high BEQs and high cytotoxicity, which could not be related to black carbon, PM10 or heavy metal concentrations. At this moment, it remains unclear which substances cause this toxicity, but comparison of results obtained with different extraction solvents indicated that acetone/hexane extracts contained more compounds that were cytotoxic and suppressive of responses than those extracted using ultra-pure ethanol. Although more research is needed, the use of a more polar extraction solvent seems to be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pieterjan Debaillie
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bo Van den Bril
- Unit Air, Flemish Environment Agency (VMM), Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Staelens
- Unit Air, Flemish Environment Agency (VMM), Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Vandermarken T, De Galan S, Croes K, Van Langenhove K, Vercammen J, Sanctorum H, Denison MS, Goeyens L, Elskens M, Baeyens W. Characterisation and implementation of the ERE- CALUX bioassay on indoor dust samples of kindergartens to assess estrogenic potencies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:182-9. [PMID: 25595043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) can be found abundantly in the environment. Due to their low-dose effects and the large amount of unknown EEDCs, it is difficult to assess and manage possible human health risks. For young children, who are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disruption due to their development rate, indoor dust is one of the main routes of exposure. In this study, an estrogen responsive elements chemically activated luciferase gene expression (ERE-CALUX) bioassay was characterized and implemented for the analysis of 12 dust samples from kindergartens in Flanders and Brussels (Belgium). The human ovarian carcinoma BG 1CALUX cell line showed reproducible results and a low limit of detection (LOD). The effective concentration at 50% of the maximum response (EC50) yielded 497 fg/well, while the LOD was 16 fg/well. For all dust samples, full dose-response curves and their corresponding EC50 values could be calculated. All samples yielded bio-analytical equivalent concentrations (BEQs) that were significantly higher than the procedural blank level and ranged from 426 to 8710 pg E2 equivalents/g dust. A clear relationship was observed between a semi-quantitative interior score and the ERE-CALUX response of the samples. In addition, the concentration of phthalates, a major group of EEDCs used as plasticizers in plastics, was determined in the samples by GC-MS. Diisoheptyl phthalate (DiHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were present in every dust sample. A good correlation was found between ERE-CALUX activities and phthalate concentrations, when all phthalates except diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), which do not bind to the estrogen receptor, were taken into account. This shows that the ERE-CALUX can provide relevant results concerning exposure to EEDCs from indoor dust. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Endocrine disruptors & steroids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vandermarken
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - S De Galan
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Croes
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Van Langenhove
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Vercammen
- Interscience, Avenue J.E. Lenoir 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - H Sanctorum
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L Goeyens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Elskens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Baeyens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Pieterse B, Rijk IJC, Simon E, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Fokke BFH, van der Wijk M, Besselink H, Weber R, van der Burg B. Effect-based assessment of persistent organic pollutant and pesticide dumpsite using mammalian CALUX reporter cell lines. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:14442-54. [PMID: 26022396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A combined chemical and biological analysis of samples from a major obsolete pesticide and persistent organic pollutant (POP) dumpsite in Northern Tajikistan was carried out. The chemical analytical screening focused on a range of prioritized compounds and compounds known to be present locally. Since chemical analytics does not allow measurements of hazards in complex mixtures, we tested the use of a novel effect-based approach using a panel of quantitative high-throughput CALUX reporter assays measuring distinct biological effects relevant in hazard assessment. Assays were included for assessing effects related to estrogen, androgen, and progestin signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling, AP1 signaling, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, chemical hypoxia, and ER stress. With this panel of assays, we first quantified the biological activities of the individual chemicals measured in chemical analytics. Next, we calculated the expected sum activity by these chemicals in the samples of the pesticide dump site and compared the results with the measured CALUX bioactivity of the total extracts of these samples. The results showed that particularly endocrine disruption-related effects were common among the samples. This was consistent with the toxicological profiles of the individual chemicals that dominated these samples. However, large discrepancies between chemical and biological analysis were found in a sample from a burn place present in this site, with biological activities that could not be explained by chemical analysis. This is likely to be caused by toxic combustion products or by spills of compounds that were not targeted in the chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pieterse
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - I J C Rijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - E Simon
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M van der Wijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - H Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - B van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Dancik Y, Troutman JA, Jaworska J. Estimation of in vivo dose of dermally applied chemicals leading to estrogen/androgen receptor-mediated toxicity from in vitro data--Illustration with four reproductive toxicants. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 55:50-63. [PMID: 25597788 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolation framework enabling the estimation of the external dermal exposure dose from in vitro experimental data relevant to a toxicity pathway of interest. The framework adapts elements of the biological pathway altering dose (BPAD) method [Judson et al. Chem Res Toxicol 2011;24:451] to the case of dermal exposure. Dermal doses of four toxicants equivalent to concentrations characterizing their effect on estrogen receptor α or androgen receptor activity in chemical-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assays are estimated. The analysis shows that dermal BPADs, calculated from one in vitro concentration, can differ by up to a factor of 55, due to the impact applied dose and dermal exposure scenarios can have on skin permeation kinetics. These features should therefore be taken into account in risk assessment of dermally applied chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dancik
- The Procter & Gamble Company, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.
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21
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Tuyen LH, Tue NM, Takahashi S, Suzuki G, Viet PH, Subramanian A, Bulbule KA, Parthasarathy P, Ramanathan A, Tanabe S. Methylated and unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in street dust from Vietnam and India: occurrence, distribution and in vitro toxicity evaluation. Environ Pollut 2014; 194:272-280. [PMID: 25169189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MePAHs), unsubstituted PAHs and AhR-mediated activities were determined in street dust collected from Vietnam and India using a combined approach of chemical analysis and in vitro reporter gene assay. MePAHs and PAHs diagnostic ratios indicated that the main sources of MePAHs in Vietnam were pyrogenic emissions, whereas in India there were mixed sources of pyrogenic and petrogenic emissions. AhR-mediated activities determined by using DR-CALUX assay were observed in urban street dust at mean 40, 29 and 20 ng CALUX-TEQ/g dw for Hanoi, Bangalore and New Delhi, respectively. MePAHs and PAHs contributed only 5% or less to AhR-mediated activity in street dust, indicating the occurrence of unknown AhR agonists. The principal contributors to Theoretical-TEQs among target compounds were methyl benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]- and benzo[k]fluoranthene. The present study indicates importance of MePAHs in evaluation of toxic risk related to AhR-mediated activity in urban polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Agricultural Faculty, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan.
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Annamalai Subramanian
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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22
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Kroese ED, Bosgra S, Buist HE, Lewin G, van der Linden SC, Man HY, Piersma AH, Rorije E, Schulpen SHW, Schwarz M, Uibel F, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Wolterbeek APM, van der Burg B. Evaluation of an alternative in vitro test battery for detecting reproductive toxicants in a grouping context. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 55:11-9. [PMID: 25461900 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previously we showed a battery consisting of CALUX transcriptional activation assays, the ReProGlo assay, and the embryonic stem cell test, and zebrafish embryotoxicity assay as 'apical' tests to correctly predict developmental toxicity for 11 out of 12 compounds, and to explain the one false negative [7]. Here we report on applying this battery within the context of grouping and read across, put forward as a potential tool to fill data gaps and avoid animal testing, to distinguish in vivo non- or weak developmental toxicants from potent developmental toxicants within groups of structural analogs. The battery correctly distinguished 2-methylhexanoic acid, monomethyl phthalate, and monobutyltin trichloride as non- or weak developmental toxicants from structurally related developmental toxicants valproic acid, mono-ethylhexyl phthalate, and tributyltin chloride, respectively, and, therefore, holds promise as a biological verification model in grouping and read across approaches. The relevance of toxicokinetic information is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Geertje Lewin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hai-yen Man
- BioDetection Systems BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rorije
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors H W Schulpen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederik Uibel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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23
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Tuyen LH, Tue NM, Suzuki G, Misaki K, Viet PH, Takahashi S, Tanabe S. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated activities in road dust from a metropolitan area, Hanoi-Vietnam: contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and human risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 491-492:246-254. [PMID: 24522011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin-Responsive Chemical-Activated LUciferase gene eXpression assay (DR-CALUX) was applied to assess the total toxic activity of the mixture of PAHs and related compounds as well as dioxin-related compounds in road dust from urban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. Road dust from Hanoi contained significantly higher DR-CALUX activities (3 to 39, mean 20 ng CALUX-TEQ/g dw) than those from a rural site (2 to 13, mean 5 ng CALUX-TEQ/g dw). The total concentrations of 24 major PAHs (Σ24PAHs) in urban road dust (0.1 to 5.5, mean 2.5 μg/g dw) were also 6 times higher than those in rural road dust (0.08 to 1.5, mean 0.4 μg/g dw). Diagnostic ratios of PAHs indicated vehicular engine combustion as the major PAH emission source in both sites. PAHs accounted for 0.8 to 60% (mean 10%) and 2 to 76% (mean 20%) of the measured CALUX-TEQs in road dust for Hanoi the rural site, respectively. Benzo[b]-/benzo[k]fluoranthenes were the major TEQ contributors among PAHs, whereas DRCs contributed <0.1% to CALUX-TEQs for both rural and urban sites. These results suggest TEQ contribution of other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in road dust. Significant PAH concentrations in urban dust indicated high mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies. Estimated results of incremental life time cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that Vietnamese populations, especially those in urban areas such as Hanoi, are potentially exposed to high cancer risk via both dust ingestion and dermal contact. This is the first study on the exposure risk of AhR agonists, including PAHs and DRCs, in urban road dust from a developing country using a combined bio-chemical analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan; Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan; Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Misaki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Agricultural Faculty, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Japan
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24
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Tue NM, Katsura K, Suzuki G, Tuyen LH, Takasuga T, Takahashi S, Viet PH, Tanabe S. Dioxin-related compounds in breast milk of women from Vietnamese e-waste recycling sites: levels, toxic equivalents and relevance of non-dietary exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 106:220-225. [PMID: 24859707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although informal e-waste recycling sites (EWRSs) are hotspots of both polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs), human exposure to the latter has not been studied in details. This study investigated the accumulation levels and profiles of dioxin-related compounds (DRCs) in breast milk samples from women living in two Vietnamese EWRSs and estimated the intake contribution from e-waste-related exposure. Screening results using Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression assay (DR-CALUX) showed higher dioxin-like (DL) activities in samples from the EWRS Bui Dau than in those from the EWRS Trang Minh and a reference site (2.3-10 vs 1.7-4.8 and 0.60-5.7 pg CALUX-TEQ/g lipid, n=10, 6 and 9, respectively). Chemical analysis results of selected samples show that the WHO-TEQ levels of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and PBDD/Fs in EWRS samples were not significantly higher than in those from the reference site (0.22-7.4 vs 1.1-3.0 pg/g lipid) and within the Vietnamese background range, but women involved in recycling accumulated higher concentrations of PCDFs (13-15 vs 2.3-8.8 pg/g lipid) and PBDFs (1.1-1.5 vs <1.1 pg/g lipid). By comparing the DRC profile in milk of these women with the reported profile in house dust from the same site, dust ingestion was estimated to contribute most of the intake for tetraBDF, 37 per cent to 55 per cent for penta-octaCDFs, but less than twenty per cent for PCDDs and DL-PCBs, and 26 per cent for total WHO-TEQs. The DL activities in some EWRS milk samples were not fully explained by chemical data, suggesting contribution from unidentified compounds. The estimated WHO-TEQ intake doses for breastfed infants (1.3-33 pg/kg/d) mostly exceeded the tolerable value, especially for those living in the EWRSs; and unidentified DRCs might increase further the dioxin-related health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kana Katsura
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Takumi Takasuga
- Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., Nishinokyo-Shimoaicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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25
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Addeck A, Croes K, Van Langenhove K, Denison MS, Elhamalawy A, Elskens M, Baeyens W. Time-integrated monitoring of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in urban and industrial wastewaters using a ceramic toximeter and the CALUX bioassay. Chemosphere 2014; 94:27-35. [PMID: 24075528 PMCID: PMC4308619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ceramic toximeter as a passive sampler in combination with the CALUX bioassay was utilized as a time-integrated pollution-assessment technique for dioxin-like PCDD/Fs in wastewaters. Toximeters filled with XCARB and enclosed in stainless steel cages were submerged in wastewater of Belbeis drainage-canal and EMAK paper-mill, located in Egypt, for 28 days. Two samplers were removed every week from each site. Extracts from toximeters, from bottom-sediments, and from paper-mill sludge were analyzed by the CALUX. Results showed a regular increase in the amounts of PCDD/Fs trapped by the toximeters as sampling time increased. Time-weighted average concentrations (TWA) of PCDD/Fs in the wastewaters of the drainage-canal and paper-mill were 231 (214-281) and 26 (24.1-32.6) pg-BEQL(-1), respectively. Compared to literature data, this means a high pollution level for the drainage-canal water, while the pollution level in the paper-mill wastewater is similar to that reported for other paper mills. The PCDD/Fs levels in the drainage-canal bottom-sediments and in the paper-mill sludge were 8.3 and 14.6 pg-BEQg(-1) dry-weight, at the lower end of internationally reported values in similar compartments. The sampling rate of the tested toximeters for dissolved PCDD/Fs was about 3.6 mL d(-1). Sediment/water partitioning coefficient logKd of PCDD/Fs in the drainage-canal and the paper-mill was 1.42 and 2.70 respectively. The organic-carbon normalized partition coefficient logKoc was 4.17 and 3.19 respectively, and is lower than the reported values for other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Addeck
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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26
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van der Linden SC, von Bergh ARM, van Vught-Lussenburg BMA, Jonker LRA, Teunis M, Krul CAM, van der Burg B. Development of a panel of high-throughput reporter-gene assays to detect genotoxicity and oxidative stress. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2013; 760:23-32. [PMID: 24362253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lack of toxicological information on many of the compounds that humans use or are exposed to, intentionally or unintentionally, poses a big problem in risk assessment. To fill this data gap, more emphasis is given to fast in vitro screening tools that can add toxicologically relevant information regarding the mode(s) of action via which compounds can elicit adverse effects, including genotoxic effects. By use of bioassays that can monitor the activation of specific cellular signalling pathways, many compounds can be screened in a high-throughput manner. We have developed two new specific reporter-gene assays that can monitor the effects of compounds on two pathways of interest: the p53 pathway (p53 CALUX) for genotoxicity and the Nrf2 pathway (Nrf2 CALUX) for oxidative stress. To exclude non-specific effects by compounds influencing the luciferase reporter-gene expression non-specifically, a third assay was developed to monitor changes in luciferase expression by compounds in general (Cytotox CALUX). To facilitate interpretation of the data and to avoid artefacts, all three reporter-gene assays used simple and defined reporter genes and a similar cellular basis, the human U2OS cell line. The three cell lines were validated with a range of reference compounds including genotoxic and non-genotoxic agents. The sensitivity (95%) and specificity (85%) of the p53 CALUX was high, showing that the assay is able to identify various types of genotoxic compound, while avoiding the detection of false positives. The Nrf2 CALUX showed specific responses to oxidants only, enabling the identification of compounds that elicit part of their genotoxicity via oxidative stress. All reporter-gene assays can be used in a high-throughput screening format and can be supplemented with other U2OS-based reporter-gene assays that can profile nuclear receptor activity, and several other signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne R M von Bergh
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Research Centre Technology & Innovation, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc Teunis
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Research Centre Technology & Innovation, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille A M Krul
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Research Centre Technology & Innovation, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Tue NM, Suzuki G, Takahashi S, Kannan K, Takigami H, Tanabe S. Dioxin-related compounds in house dust from New York State: occurrence, in vitro toxic evaluation and implications for indoor exposure. Environ Pollut 2013; 181:75-80. [PMID: 23838483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed sulphuric-acid-treated extracts of house dust from New York State with DR-CALUX assay and HRGC-HRMS to elucidate the total dioxin-like (DL) activities, the occurrence of various dioxin-related compounds (DRCs), including PBDD/Fs, and their toxic contribution. The DL activities were 30-8000, median 210 pg CALUX-TEQ/g. PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were detected with a large variation in concentrations (0.12-80, 0.33-150, 0.46-35, medians 1.7, 2.1 and 5.6 ng/g, respectively) and profiles, indicating the existence of multiple contamination sources in homes. PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs and DL-PCBs with known potency theoretically contributed <1%-130%, <1%-21% and <1%-6.8%, respectively, of the measured CALUX-TEQs. These results and those from DR-CALUX assays with fractionated dust extracts indicated that a substantial portion of the CALUX-TEQs could be caused by unknown dust contaminants. Considering that the DRC intake from indoor dust ingestion can be significant, identification of unknown DL contaminants in indoor dust is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Toft G, Long M, Krüger T, Hjelmborg PS, Bonde JP, Rignell-Hydbom A, Tyrkiel E, Hagmar L, Giwercman A, Spanó M, Bizzaro D, Pedersen HS, Lesovoy V, Ludwicki JK, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. Semen quality in relation to xenohormone and dioxin-like serum activity among Inuits and three European populations. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115 Suppl 1:15-20. [PMID: 18174945 PMCID: PMC2174408 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semen quality in humans may be influenced by exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds. OBJECTIVES We analyzed associations between semen characteristics and serum xenoestrogen receptor (XER), xenoandrogen receptor (XAR), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivity. XER and XAR activity were measured in serum samples cleared for endogenous steroid hormones and AhR activity in raw lipophilic serum extracts free of proteins. RESULTS All together, 319 men from Warsaw (Poland), Greenland, Kharkiv (Ukraine), and Sweden provided semen and blood samples. No strong and consistent associations between xenobiotic activity and semen quality measures were observed in the four populations. However, when the data were combined across populations sperm concentration increased 40% per unit increase in XER activity [95% confidence interval (CI), 1-79%] in the subgroup with XER activity below the reference level. Among subjects with XER activity above the reference level an increase of 14% (95% CI, 2-28%) was found. Furthermore, an increase of 10% motile sperm per unit increase in XER activity below reference level (95% CI, 0.2-20) was found. We are unable to exclude that the associations are chance findings. CONCLUSION Alteration of XER, XAR, or AhR transactivity within the range found in serum from the general European and Inuit population seems not to markedly deteriorate sperm cell concentration, motility, or morphology in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Toft
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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