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Machut KZ, Bishop CE, Miller ER, Dammann CEL, Cuevas Guaman M. Neonatology Staffing Practices- An In-Depth Exploration of Leaders' Perspectives. J Pediatr 2024:114363. [PMID: 39426794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe neonatology leaders' perspectives on ideal staffing practices, including clinical work, non-clinical roles, shift characteristics, and flexibility. Although the current state of neonatology staffing issues is reported in the literature, a description of ideal, recommended staffing practices is lacking. STUDY DESIGN We performed a qualitative study, using purposive sampling to interview 26 neonatology leaders. Semi-structured interviews included open-ended questions on ideal staffing practices in four categories: clinical and non-clinical aspects of work, shift characteristics, and flexibility in the work environment. We conducted a directed content qualitative analysis of interview transcripts. RESULTS Leaders described their perspectives of ideal staffing practices. All clinical hours should count towards total clinical time and clinical full-time Equivalent (cFTE), and many non-clinical efforts should be compensated with time or money. Most stated varying workloads reflective of team structures and patient factors should be considered. Maximum in-house shift length should be <24 hours and weekend assignments should be equitable, irrespective of career track. Most endorsed flexibility at the individual physician level with a clear plan for covering variable staffing acute and chronic needs. CONCLUSIONS Neonatology leaders recognize current staffing challenges and the need to evolve towards more ideal staffing practices. However, competing interests and complexities drive maintenance of the status quo and make change difficult for healthcare organizations and academic departments. Future work needs to create and measure optimal, standardized, and transparent staffing practices with appropriate adjustments for clinical, administrative, teaching, and scholarly obligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Z Machut
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Christine E Bishop
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily R Miller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Milenka Cuevas Guaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Sivakumar GK, Pur DR, Bursztyn LLCD. An Eye on Childbearing, Fertility, and Lactation Experiences: A Survey of Canadian Ophthalmologists and Trainees. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2024; 81:103286. [PMID: 39368324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize the experiences of childbearing, fertility, and lactation among Canadian ophthalmologists and trainees. DESIGN Online, cross-sectional survey. METHODS A survey was distributed to Canadian ophthalmologists and trainees between April and August 2022. Likert-type scales were used to measure respondents' agreement with each survey item. Fisher's exact test was used to identify significant differences based on gender. RESULTS Data were obtained from a total of 137 survey respondents (46% females). Women more than men reported that training and clinical practice influenced the number of children they chose to have (p = 0.002), as well as their ability to conceive (p < 0.001). Compared to their male counterparts, more women had concerns about future fertility (p = 0.040) and parental leave (p = 0.037). Among factors affecting parental leave, pressure from colleagues (p = 0.046) and difficulty finding coverage for clinical practice (p = 0.022) were statistically significant among women more than men. More women reported taking parental leave during medical school, residency, and clinical practice than men (p < 0.001). Childbearing (p = 0.005) and parental leave (p = 0.031) influenced pursuit of leadership roles and opportunities for career advancement among women more than men. Of those with lactation experiences, one-third of women felt they did not have adequate space or storage to facilitate their breastfeeding goals in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS Over the span of their careers, female ophthalmologists and trainees face unparalleled challenges related to childbearing and parenthood duties, coping with infertility and obstetric risks, stigma, inadequate parental leaves, and poor supports for lactation and childcare, while balancing their career demands and aspirations. Garnering an understanding of gender inequities is essential to promote work-family integration within the surgical culture and address the systemic and structural barriers which impose a glass ceiling for female surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri K Sivakumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Daiana R Pur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lulu L C D Bursztyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Swift KM, Gary NC, Urbanczyk PJ. On the basis of sex and sleep: the influence of the estrous cycle and sex on sleep-wake behavior. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1426189. [PMID: 39268035 PMCID: PMC11390649 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1426189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The recurrent hormonal fluctuations within reproductive cycles impact sleep-wake behavior in women and in rats and mice used in preclinical models of sleep research. Strides have been made in sleep-related clinical trials to include equal numbers of women; however, the inclusion of female rodents in neuroscience and sleep research is lacking. Female animals are commonly omitted from studies over concerns of the effect of estrus cycle hormones on measured outcomes. This review highlights the estrous cycle's broad effects on sleep-wake behavior: from changes in sleep macroarchitecture to regionally specific alterations in neural oscillations. These changes are largely driven by cycle-dependent ovarian hormonal fluctuations occurring during proestrus and estrus that modulate neural circuits regulating sleep-wake behavior. Removal of estrous cycle influence by ovariectomy ablates characteristic sleep changes. Further, sex differences in sleep are present between gonadally intact females and males. Removal of reproductive hormones via gonadectomy in both sexes mitigates some, but not all sex differences. We examine the extent to which reproductive hormones and sex chromosomes contribute to sex differences in sleep-wake behavior. Finally, this review addresses the limitations in our understanding of the estrous cycle's impact on sleep-wake behavior, gaps in female sleep research that are well studied in males, and the implications that ignoring the estrous cycle has on studies of sleep-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Swift
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas C Gary
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Phillip J Urbanczyk
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Czyż-Szypenbejl K, Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska W. The Impact of Night Work on the Sleep and Health of Medical Staff-A Review of the Latest Scientific Reports. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4505. [PMID: 39124771 PMCID: PMC11313391 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Employees working in shifts are exposed to many threats affecting their health, quality of life and safety at work. Those who perform their work only at night are particularly vulnerable. The purpose of the review is to identify risks to the health, quality of life and sleep of shift health workers. Method: A systematic review (SR) was used in the analysis. Electronic databases were searched. The search was limited to the latest studies published in the last five years: 2019-2023. Results: Finally, 36 articles were included in the review. Most authors have shown a link between sleep disturbance or its quality and shift work/night work. Moreover, a three-shift schedule was the most significant factor for poorer subjective sleep quality when compared to other work schedules. Furthermore, many authors have shown a link between shift/night work and health problems, which include cardiometabolic risk, glucose intolerance, breast cancer and immune vulnerability. Conclusions: The research results clearly show a significant impact of night work on the increased risk of sleep disorders and health disturbance. Healthcare workers should be aware of the risks associated with night work in order to take measures preventing sleep/health problems. Shift/night workers should have the opportunity to be screened for disorders linked with their work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska
- Department of Anaesthesiology Nursing & Inte and Intensive Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
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Agarwal I, MacVane CZ. Shift Scheduling and Overnight Work Among Pregnant Emergency Medicine Residents. Ann Emerg Med 2024; 83:598-602. [PMID: 38402481 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Agarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine.
| | - Casey Z MacVane
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
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Gasior AC, Bergus KC, Beeler WH, Xi AS, Rialon KL. Pregnancy in Medical Training: A Survey of Physician Moms on Their Experiences During Residency and Fellowship. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2024; 81:84-92. [PMID: 37919135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resident physicians undergo physically and emotionally rigorous training; this is particularly difficult for the pregnant resident and affects their unborn child. This study aims to elucidate pregnant residents' perspectives regarding their prenatal and postnatal experiences, across all specialties, with a focus on pregnancy complications, postpartum health, and policy execution. DESIGN This is a nationwide cross-sectional survey study developed to characterize resident and fellow perceptions about work schedules while pregnant, perceived discrimination, complications during pregnancy, lactation and lactation support, marital distress, parental leave policy, and overall satisfaction with the parental leave period. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize survey responses. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The experiences of physician mothers in online Facebook support groups: Physician Mom Group, Surgeon Mom Group, and Dr Mothers Interested in Lactation Knowledge, were queried by an electronic survey distributed using Qualtrics XM. Physicians who had children during their U.S. residency training were eligible to participate and 1,690 physician mothers from all specialties completed the survey. RESULTS One thousand six hundred and ninety responses from members of the Facebook support groups were analyzed. Most surveyed physicians (1353/1519, 89.1%) were required to work until delivery and 63.6% (993/1561) of women took in-house calls during the last month of pregnancy. Half (820/1560, 52.6%) thought that the physical demands of their jobs compromised their own health and safety, or that of their child, and 1259 complications were reported among 1690 respondents, an average of three complications for every four respondents. Twenty-nine percent (442/1519, 29.1%) of physician mothers suffered from postpartum depression. Ninety-two percent (1479/1602, 92.3%) of respondents breastfed, but only one-third (483/1456, 33.2%) breastfed for more than 12 months and 52.7% (769/1458) would have liked to breastfeed longer. Marital distress was reported by nearly half (756/1650, 45.8%) of respondents during pregnancy and/or the first year of their child's life due to parental leave policies. The majority (957/1688, 56.7%) did not have a parental leave policy at their institution. Nearly two-thirds (946/1518, 62.3%) of respondents took 6 or fewer weeks off, and 79.7% (1211/1520) felt their duration of time off was inadequate. Nearly 30% (457/1593, 28.7%) stated they would recommend against a female medical student going into their field of medicine based upon their own experiences during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Many mothers experienced discrimination from colleagues and worked until delivery despite concerns about the health and safety of themselves or their unborn children, and many reported experiencing a pregnancy-related complication. Most did not have a parental leave policy, which likely contributed to the disproportionately higher rates of postpartum depression among physician mothers compared to the general public. Residency training parental leave policies should be more accommodating to improve mental health, career satisfaction, and retention of the next generation of physician mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Gasior
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Katherine C Bergus
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Whitney H Beeler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Spectrum Healthcare Partners, Portland, Maine
| | - Amanda S Xi
- Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristy L Rialon
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Whitburn J, Miah S, Howles SA. Pregnancy and parenthood in surgical training: a cross-sectional survey in the UK. Br J Surg 2023; 110:1628-1631. [PMID: 37463398 PMCID: PMC10638525 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Whitburn
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saiful Miah
- Department of Urology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Howles
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Begtrup LM, Sejbaek CS, Flachs EM, Garde AH, Specht IO, Hansen J, Kolstad HA, Bonde JPE, Hammer PEC. Night work during pregnancy and small for gestational age: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:610-616. [PMID: 37813484 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-108981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the association between night work during pregnancy and risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) child. METHODS This cohort study had payroll data with detailed information on working hours for employees in all Danish administrative regions (primarily hospital employees) between 2007 and 2015, retrieved from the Danish Working Hour Database. Pregnancies, covariates and outcome were identified from the national birth registry. We used logistic regression to investigate the association between intensity and duration of night work during the first 32 pregnancy weeks and SGA. The adjusted model included age, body mass index, socioeconomic status and smoking. Using quantitative bias analysis and G-estimation, we explored potential healthy worker survivor bias (HWSB). RESULTS The final cohort comprised 24 548 singleton pregnancies in 19 107 women, primarily nurses and medical doctors. None of the dimensions of night work were associated with an increased risk of SGA. We found a tendency towards higher risk of SGA in pregnancies where the women stopped having night shifts during pregnancy. Using G-estimation we found an OR<1 for the association between night work and SGA if all workers continued having night work during pregnancy compared with daywork only. CONCLUSION We found no increased risk of SGA in association with night work during pregnancy among healthcare workers. G-estimation was not precise enough to estimate the observed indication of HWSB. We need better data on pregnancy discomforts and complications to be able to safely rule out HWSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Moelenberg Begtrup
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Sandal Sejbaek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Section for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Insitute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Ellekilde Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula Edeusa Cristina Hammer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tang Y, Gan H, Wang B, Wang X, Li M, Yang Q, Geng M, Zhu P, Shao S, Tao F. Mediating effects of DNA methylation in the association between sleep quality and infertility among women of childbearing age. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1802. [PMID: 37715240 PMCID: PMC10503064 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the association between sleep quality and infertility among women and to explore the mediating effects of DNA methylation in this association. METHODS This study is a population-based case-control study. The relationship between sleep quality and infertility was investigated in women with anovulatory infertility (n = 43) and healthy controls (n = 43). Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled from peripheral blood samples using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 850k BeadChip. Differentially methylated CpGs between cases and controls were identified using the ChAMP R package. The mediating effect of DNA methylation between sleep quality and infertility among women was investigated using the Bayesian estimation method provided by the R package "mediation". RESULTS The survey included 86 women of reproductive age, with 43 participants each in the case and control groups. The average age of the women was 27.6 ± 2.8 years (case group: 27.8 ± 3.0 years, control group: 27.4 ± 2.7 years). A total of 262 differentially methylated CpGs corresponding to 185 genes were identified. Difficulty falling asleep was a risk factor for infertility in women (OR = 3.69, 95%CI = 1.14, 11.99), and a causal mediation effect of DNA methylation CpGs was found. The mediating effect coefficient for cg08298632 was 0.10 (95%CI = 0.01-0.22), and the proportion of the total effect mediated by this methylation site increased to 64.3%. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DNA methylation CpGs (cg08298632) play a significant role in the relationship between difficulty falling asleep and infertility in females. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that connect difficulty falling asleep and infertility in women. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the biological significance and potential therapeutic applications of these findings. The identified DNA methylation sites provide new and valuable insights and potential targets for future studies aiming to prevent and treat female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qianhui Yang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Menglong Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Silva I, Costa D. Consequences of Shift Work and Night Work: A Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101410. [PMID: 37239693 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonstandard work schedules such as shift work and night work tend to trigger problems for workers in different areas. To illustrate the diversity of areas affected and the relative interest of the scientific community, we conducted a literature review of the effects of shift work and night work on workers. In particular, we intended to identify the main variables addressed in the field of health, the family sphere, and the organizational context. The literature review was carried out using the Web of Science with the following terms: "shift work", "rotating shifts", and "night work". Inclusion criteria incorporated empirical studies and articles written in Portuguese or English published in 2019. We selected 129 of the 619 articles identified. Regarding the impacts of shift work and night work, there existed a high discrepancy of focus between the three defined areas: health, family life, and organizational context. Specifically, health-related variables were the most studied (83.4%), followed by organizational variables (9.2%), and, lastly, family variables (7.4%). Based on these results, it is essential to extend the study of the two underrepresented impacts to other crucial areas, not only for the worker but also for organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Silva
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA.UMinho), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- School of Psychology (EPsi-UMinho), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Costa
- School of Psychology (EPsi-UMinho), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Pregnancy and parental leave in medicine and academia - a focus on urology. Nat Rev Urol 2023:10.1038/s41585-023-00762-x. [PMID: 36932198 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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12
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A Novel System for the Detection of Spontaneous Abortion-Causing Aneuploidy and Its Erroneous Chromosome Origins through the Combination of Low-Pass Copy Number Variation Sequencing and NGS-Based STR Tests. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051809. [PMID: 36902595 PMCID: PMC10003649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the period of 2018-2020, we first combined reported low-pass whole genome sequencing and NGS-based STR tests for miscarriage samples analysis. Compared with G-banding karyotyping, the system increased the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in miscarriage samples to 56.4% in 500 unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions. In this study, a total of 386 STR loci were developed on twenty-two autosomes and two sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes), which can help to distinguish triploidy, uniparental diploidy and maternal cell contamination and can trace the parental origin of erroneous chromosomes. It is not possible to accomplish this with existing methods of detection in miscarriage samples. Among the tested aneuploid errors, the most frequently detected error was trisomy (33.4% in total and 59.9% in the error chromosome group). In the trisomy samples, 94.7% extra chromosomes were of maternal origin and 5.31% were of paternal origin. This novel system improves the genetic analysis method of miscarriage samples and provides more reference information for clinical pregnancy guidance.
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Marsters CM, Stafl L, Bugden S, Gustainis R, Nkunu V, Reimer R, Fletcher S, Smith S, Bruton Joe M, Hyde C, Dance E, Ruzycki SM. Pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women exposed to physician-related occupational hazards: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064483. [PMID: 36813500 PMCID: PMC9950931 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence is needed to guide organisational decision making about workplace accommodations for pregnant physicians. Our objective was to characterise the strengths and limitations of current research examining the association between physician-related occupational hazards with pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL/ EBSCO, SciVerse Scopus and Web of Science/Knowledge were searched from inception to 2 April 2020. A grey literature search was performed on 5 April 2020. The references of all included articles were hand searched for additional citations. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA English language citations that studied employed pregnant people and any 'physician-related occupational hazards', meaning any relevant physical, infectious, chemical or psychological hazard, were included. Outcomes included any pregnancy, obstetrical or neonatal complication. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Physician-related occupational hazards included physician work, healthcare work, long work hours, 'demanding' work, disordered sleep, night shifts and exposure to radiation, chemotherapy, anaesthetic gases or infectious disease. Data were extracted independently in duplicate and reconciled through discussion. RESULTS Of the 316 included citations, 189 were original research studies. Most were retrospective, observational and included women in any occupation rather than healthcare workers. Methods for exposure and outcome ascertainment varied across studies and most studies had a high risk of bias in data ascertainment. Most exposures and outcomes were defined categorically and results from different studies could not be combined in a meta-analysis due to heterogeneity in how these categories were defined. Overall, some data suggested that healthcare workers may have an increased risk of miscarriage compared with other employed women. Long work hours may be associated with miscarriage and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS There are important limitations in the current evidence examining physician-related occupational hazards and adverse pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. It is not clear how the medical workplace should be accommodated to improve outcomes for pregnant physicians. High-quality studies are needed and likely feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace M Marsters
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lenka Stafl
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Bugden
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | | | - Victoria Nkunu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Renee Reimer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Fletcher
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephanie Smith
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Moss Bruton Joe
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Hyde
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica Dance
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon M Ruzycki
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Sakali AK, Papagianni M, Bargiota A, Rasic-Markovic A, Macut D, Mastorakos G. Environmental factors affecting pregnancy outcomes. Endocrine 2023; 80:459-469. [PMID: 36729371 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy represents a fragile period in the life of a woman, vulnerable to hazardous environmental substances which might affect maternal and fetal metabolism. The possible influence of environmental factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), upon the mother and the fetus before and/or during pregnancy might be associated directly and/or indirectly to deleterious pregnancy outcomes. Because the existence of such associations would be, to our view, of major importance to the scientific community, their investigation is the scope of this critical review. METHODS This critical review includes in vivo animal and human studies regarding the role of environmental factors, including EDCs, on pregnancy outcomes complying with the SANRA (a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles) questions for narrative reviews. Studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE (PubMed and PubMed Central), the Cochrane library and the Google Scholar databases till October 2022 with the combinations of the appropriate key words (detailed environmental factors including EDCs AND detailed negative pregnancy outcomes) as well as by scanning references from already included articles and relevant reviews manually. Because environmental factors and EDCs have been associated to epigenetic alterations, special care has been given to EDC-induced transgenerational effects on pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS The existing evidence suggests positive associations between specific environmental factors and negative pregnancy outcomes such as ectopic pregnancies, pregnancy losses, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm births, birth defects, intrauterine growth restriction, and small or large for gestational age babies. CONCLUSION Environmental factors and EDCs may have a catalytic effect on the course and the outcomes of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia-Konstantina Sakali
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education and Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
- Endocrine Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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15
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Corchero-Falcón MDR, Gómez-Salgado J, García-Iglesias JJ, Camacho-Vega JC, Fagundo-Rivera J, Carrasco-González AM. Risk Factors for Working Pregnant Women and Potential Adverse Consequences of Exposure: A Systematic Review. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605655. [PMID: 36874222 PMCID: PMC9977819 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the risk factors perceived as stressors by pregnant women in the work environment and the possible adverse consequences of such exposure for the normal development of pregnancy. Methods: Systematic review, guided by the PRISMA guidelines, and using Pubmed, Web of Science, Dialnet, SciELO, and REDIB databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for non-randomised studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: A total of 38 studies were included. The main risk factors found in the work environment of pregnant women were chemical, psychosocial, physical-ergonomic-mechanical factors, and other work-related factors. The main adverse consequences of exposure to these factors include low birth weight, preterm birth, miscarriage, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, as well as various obstetric complications. Conclusion: During pregnancy, working conditions that are considered acceptable in normal situations may not be so during this stage due to the major changes that occur during pregnancy. Many obstetric effects may have an important impact in the mother's psychological status; therefore, it is important to optimise working conditions during this stage and to reduce or eliminate possible risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Juan Jesús García-Iglesias
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Camacho-Vega
- Department of Building Construction II, Higher Technical School of Building Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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16
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Patel R. The NHS can lead the way for staff receiving fertility treatment. BMJ 2022; 379:o3045. [PMID: 36543340 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.o3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Patel
- HEE London Deanery
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London
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17
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MacVane CZ, Puissant M, Fix M, Strout TD, Bonney C, Welsh L, Mittelman A, Ricker J, Agarwal I. Scheduling practices for pregnant emergency medicine residents. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2022; 6:e10813. [PMID: 36425789 PMCID: PMC9677363 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Night shift work is associated with adverse pathophysiologic effects on maternal and fetal well-being. Although emergency medicine (EM) residents work frequent night shifts, there is no existing guidance for residency program directors (PDs) regarding scheduling pregnant residents. Our study assessed scheduling practices for pregnant EM residents, differences based on program and PD characteristics, barriers and attitudes toward implementing a formal scheduling policy, and PDs' awareness of literature describing adverse effects of night shifts on maternal-fetal outcomes. Methods We conducted an anonymous, web-based survey of U.S. EM residencies (N = 276). Quantitative data were summarized; chi-square analysis and logistic regression were used to assess relationships between program and PD characteristics and schedule accommodations. Qualitative description was used to analyze an open-ended question, organizing findings into major and minor themes. Results Of the 167 completed surveys (response rate 61%), 67% of programs reported no formal policy for scheduling pregnant residents but made adjustments on an individual basis including block changes (85%), decreased (46%) or no night shifts (34%), and working shifts earlier in pregnancy to cover later shifts (20%). Barriers to adjustments included staffing constraints (60%), equity concerns (45%), or impact on wellness (41%) among all residents and privacy (28%). PDs endorsed scheduling adjustments as important (mean 8.1, 0-10 scale) and reported guidance from graduate medical education governance would be useful (60%). Larger program size, but not PD gender or proportion of female residents, was associated with an increased likelihood of scheduling modifications. Twenty-five percent of PDs reported little knowledge of literature regarding night shift work and pregnancy. Qualitative themes supported quantitative findings. Conclusions Most EM residency programs do not have formal scheduling policies for pregnant residents, but most PDs support making adjustments and do so informally. More education and guidance for PDs are needed to promote the development of formal policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Z. MacVane
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical CenterTufts University School of MedicinePortlandMaineUSA
| | | | - Megan Fix
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Tania D. Strout
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical CenterTufts University School of MedicinePortlandMaineUSA
| | - Caitlin Bonney
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Laura Welsh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew Mittelman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jana Ricker
- Department of Emergency MedicineMaine Medical CenterPortlandMaineUSA
| | - Isha Agarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical CenterTufts University School of MedicinePortlandMaineUSA
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18
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Vietheer A, Kiserud T, Haaland ØA, Lie RT, Kessler J. Effect of maternal sleep on embryonic development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17099. [PMID: 36224237 PMCID: PMC9556600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of developmental origin of health and disease has ignited a search for mechanisms and health factors influencing normal intrauterine development. Sleep is a basic health factor with substantial individual variation, but its implication for early prenatal development remains unclear. During the embryonic period, the yolk sac is involved in embryonic nutrition, growth, hematopoiesis, and likely in fetal programming. Maternal body measures seem to influence its size in human female embryos. In this prospective, longitudinal observational study of 190 healthy women recruited before natural conception, we assessed the effect of prepregnant sleep duration (actigraphy) on the fetal crown-rump-length (CRL) and yolk sac size (ultrasound). All women gave birth to a live child. The prepregnancy daily sleep duration had an effect on the male yolk sac and CRL at the earliest measurement only (7 weeks). I.e., the yolk sac diameter decreased with increasing sleep duration (0.22 mm·h-1d-1, 95%CI [0.35-0.09], P < 0.01), and CRL increased (0.92 mm·h-1d-1, 95%CI [1.77-0.08], P = 0.03). Since there was no association at the second measurement (10 weeks), and in the group of female fetuses at any measure point, we suggest a sex- and time-dependent embryonic adaptation to sleep generated differences in the intrauterine environment in normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vietheer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torvid Kiserud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rolv Terje Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jörg Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Moeller JS, Bever SR, Finn SL, Phumsatitpong C, Browne MF, Kriegsfeld LJ. Circadian Regulation of Hormonal Timing and the Pathophysiology of Circadian Dysregulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4185-4214. [PMID: 36073751 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, daily patterns of behavior and physiology that are essential for optimal health and disease prevention. Disruptions to circadian timing are associated with a host of maladies, including metabolic disease and obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and mental health disturbances. The circadian timing system is hierarchically organized, with a master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks throughout the CNS and periphery. The SCN receives light information via a direct retinal pathway, synchronizing the master clock to environmental time. At the cellular level, circadian rhythms are ubiquitous, with rhythms generated by interlocking, autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops. At the level of the SCN, tight cellular coupling maintains rhythms even in the absence of environmental input. The SCN, in turn, communicates timing information via the autonomic nervous system and hormonal signaling. This signaling couples individual cellular oscillators at the tissue level in extra-SCN brain loci and the periphery and synchronizes subordinate clocks to external time. In the modern world, circadian disruption is widespread due to limited exposure to sunlight during the day, exposure to artificial light at night, and widespread use of light-emitting electronic devices, likely contributing to an increase in the prevalence, and the progression, of a host of disease states. The present overview focuses on the circadian control of endocrine secretions, the significance of rhythms within key endocrine axes for typical, homeostatic functioning, and implications for health and disease when dysregulated. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-30, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Moeller
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Savannah R Bever
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Samantha L Finn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Madison F Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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20
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Helle N, Niinimäki M, Linnakaari R, But A, Gissler M, Heikinheimo O, Mentula M. National register data are of value in studies on miscarriage-Validation of the healthcare register data in Finland. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022; 101:1245-1252. [PMID: 36056916 PMCID: PMC9812111 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the high prevalence of miscarriages, they are not systematically registered and few epidemiological studies have been done. As Finnish health registries are comprehensive and widely used in research, we validated the Finnish register data concerning diagnostics and treatment of miscarriage, and treatment-related adverse events. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a validation study regarding miscarriage-related codes of diagnoses and surgical procedures in a Finnish National Hospital Discharge Registry (NHDR) by comparing the information from the NHDR with that of the hospital records. We selected a random sample of 4 months during 1998-2016 from three hospitals, comprising 687 women aged 15-49 experiencing a first miscarriage during follow-up. Women with diagnoses unrelated to miscarriage, or proven to be other than miscarriage, were excluded. The final sample consisted of 643 women with confirmed miscarriage, which was used for analyses regarding the diagnosis, treatment and adverse events of miscarriage treatment. RESULTS The majority of miscarriages registered in the NHDR were confirmed by the hospital records (positive predictive value [PPV] = 93.6% [95% confidence interval [CI] 91.8%-95.4%]). Different types of miscarriage were also reliably identified; spontaneous abortion with PPV = 85.6% (95% CI 80.9%-89.2%), missed abortion with PPV = 92.7% (95% CI 88.8%-95.3%) and blighted ovum with PPV = 91.1% (95% CI 84.3%-95.1%). The PPV of surgical treatment (62.2% [95% CI 55.7%-68.3%]) was lower than the PPV of non-surgical treatment (93.3% [95% CI 90.5%-95.3%]). The diagnoses regarding adverse events of miscarriage treatment could be reliably identified. The PPV for clinical infections was 76.0% (95% CI 56.6%-88.5%) and for retained products of conception or/and vaginal bleeding 96.8% (95% CI 83.8%-99.4%). CONCLUSIONS The coverage of the NHDR was good concerning identification of miscarriages, different types of miscarriages and non-surgical treatment. Nevertheless, there is a need for clearly defined procedural codes concerning to medical treatment of miscarriage. The register-based data are reliable and practicable for both clinical evaluation and research concerning miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nea Helle
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki, and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHUS Hyvinkää HospitalHyvinkääFinland
| | - Maarit Niinimäki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland,PEDEGO Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu)University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Reetta Linnakaari
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki, and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anna But
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, and NeurobiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Academic Primary Health Care CenterRegion StockholmStockholmSweden
| | - Oskari Heikinheimo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki, and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Maarit Mentula
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki, and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
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21
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Härmä M, Shiri R, Ervasti J, Karhula K, Turunen J, Koskinen A, Ropponen A, Sallinen M. National recommendations for shift scheduling in healthcare: A 5-year prospective cohort study on working hour characteristics. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 134:104321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Certenais T, Teysseire R, Garlantezec R, Brochard P, Manangama G, Delva F. Biomechanical and organisational constraints of pregnant women at work: definition of exposure levels using a consensus method (Delphi). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052474. [PMID: 35260452 PMCID: PMC8905964 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the biomechanical and organisational constraints that influence pregnancy outcomes and define the exposure levels at which the risks for pregnancy become significant. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We applied a consensus method (Delphi) consisting of a literature review followed by expert opinions on exposure levels. The group of experts was made up of 12 people from different medical specialities and working in various structures in France. OUTCOME MEASURES The studied variables were: (1) exposure: night work/shift work, weekly hours at work, lifting of heavy loads, prolonged standing and multiple exposure and (2) pregnancy outcomes: prematurity, low birth weight and spontaneous miscarriages. RESULTS The consensus method resulted in the following recommendations. The time spent working must not exceed 40 hours/week; in the absence of a consensus on the level of exposure, night and/or shift work must be avoided; prolonged standing must not exceed 3 hours/day; lifting must be limited to carrying loads <11 kg, with a daily load <100 kg; multiple exposure must be avoided, in particular: vibration, night work/shift work, time spent working exceeding 40 hours/week, prolonged standing and lifting of heavy loads. CONCLUSIONS These results could help the occupational physician to address the question of whether an exposed employee should remain at work, considering her individual characteristics (medical history, family situation, socioeconomic level, etc) in consultation with pregnancy specialists (obstetricians, midwives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Certenais
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaëlle Teysseire
- Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ronan Garlantezec
- Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, IRSET, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guyguy Manangama
- Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fleur Delva
- Environmental Health Platform Dedicated to Reproduction, ARTEMIS Center, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
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Poole J, Kitchen GB. Circadian regulation of innate immunity in animals and humans and implications for human disease. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:183-192. [PMID: 35169890 PMCID: PMC8853148 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h oscillating variations in physiology generated by the core circadian clock. There is now a wide body of evidence showing circadian regulation of the immune system. Innate immune cells contain the molecular circadian clock which drives rhythmic responses, from the magnitude of the inflammatory response to the numbers of circulating immune cells varying throughout the day. This leads to rhythmic presentation of disease clinically, for example the classic presentation of nocturnal asthma or the sudden development of pulmonary oedema from acute myocardial infarction first thing in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Poole
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol Trust, Southmead Rd, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Gareth B Kitchen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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24
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O’Brien LM. Sleep in Pregnancy. Respir Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Bagci S, Wieduwilt A, Alsat EA, Blickwedel J, Strizek B, Di Battista C, Lachner A, Plischke H, Melaku T, Müller A. Biodynamic lighting conditions preserve nocturnal melatonin production in pregnant women during hospitalization: A randomized prospective pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1043366. [PMID: 36568081 PMCID: PMC9774480 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1043366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Maternal circadian rhythms are important for maintaining maternal and fetal homeostasis. The maternal circadian system coordinates the internal clock of the fetus with environmental lighting conditions via the melatonin signal. The intensity and wavelength of daylight influence nocturnal melatonin production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of environmental lighting conditions on melatonin production in pregnant women with reduced mobility during hospitalization. METHODS We installed a human-centric lighting system with biodynamic effects (BDL, biodynamic lighting) in the patient rooms. The pregnant women in the patient rooms with standard indoor conditions served as a control group. The illuminance (lux) and dose of effective circadian irradiation (Hec) were recorded every 10 seconds by light dosimeters (Lucerne University, Switzerland) attached to the patients` clothing. RESULTS We analyzed the illuminance status of 47 pregnant women with a median (IQR) gestational age of 29.9 (25.4-32.3) weeks of gestation. The median illuminance in the control group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the BDL group in the morning and afternoon from day 1 to 5. BDL patients had a significantly higher effective circadian irradiation in the morning. The effective circadian irradiation showed a significant daily rhythm only in the BDL group. The BDL group had a significantly higher melatonin production on day 3 (p=0.006) and day 5 (p=0.012) than the control group median (IQR) nocturnal 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin excretion 15840 (10140-22160) ng/12h vs. 6141 (2080-11328) ng/12h on day 3 and 18780 (11320-23562) ng/12h vs. 6380 (3500-17600) ng/12h on day 5). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that dramatically altered lighting conditions of hospitalized pregnant women may be optimized by installing biodynamic lighting systems in the patient rooms resulting in the maintenance of nocturnal melatonin production in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyhan Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Soyhan Bagci,
| | - Astrid Wieduwilt
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ebru Aileen Alsat
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Blickwedel
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Lachner
- Applied Sciences, Munich University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tamene Melaku
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Balieiro LCT, Gontijo CA, Marot LP, Teixeira GP, Fahmy WM, Moreno CRDC, Maia YCDP, Crispim CA. Circadian misalignment measured by social jetlag from early to late pregnancy and its association with nutritional status: a longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18678. [PMID: 34548528 PMCID: PMC8455574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A mismatch between circadian and social clocks leads to a circadian misalignment, which has been widely measured by social jetlag (SJL). There are several studies measuring SJL, but it has not been studied in pregnant women. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the occurrence of SJL throughout pregnancy and to verify whether there is an effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on SJL throughout pregnancy. The baseline of the present study was conducted with 205 1st trimester pregnant women of whom 100 were followed in their 2nd and 3rd trimester. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on workdays versus work-free days. The pre-pregnancy BMI and current BMI (kg/m2) were calculated. Linear regression and Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) adjusted for confounders were used to determine the association between SJL and the gestational trimesters (time), and anthropometric variables. Most of the pregnant women (54.5%) presented SJL > 1 h in the first gestational trimester. We also found an isolated effect of the gestation trimester on the SJL mean. In this sense, pregnant women had a decrease in SJL from the second to the third trimester (1.33 ± 0.08 versus 1.12 ± 0.07, respectively; p = 0.012). GEE analyzes showed that pregnant women of a normal weight showed a decrease in SJL from the second to the third trimester (1.29 ± 0.11 and 0.93 ± 0.08, respectively, p = 0.032), but this was not found in the other groups of nutritional status (underweight, overweight and obesity). In addition, a positive association between SJL and pre-gestational BMI in the third trimester (β = 0.200, p = 0.046) was found. SJL is quite prevalent during the gestational period and excessive BMI both before and during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of having SJL > 1 h in the third and second trimesters, respectively. In addition, pregnant women of normal weight—but not underweight or overweight—had decreased SJL from the second to the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Objective sleep duration and timing predicts completion of in vitro fertilization cycle. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2687-2696. [PMID: 34374922 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between objectively measured sleep duration and sleep timing with odds of completion of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. METHODS This prospective cohort study enrolled 48 women undergoing IVF at a large tertiary medical center between 2015 and 2017. Sleep was assessed by wrist-worn actigraphy, 1-2 weeks prior to initiation of the IVF cycle. Reproductive and IVF cycle data and demographic and health information were obtained from medical charts. Sleep duration, midpoint, and bedtime were examined in relation to IVF cycle completion using logistic regression models, adjusted for age and anti-Müllerian hormone levels. A sub-analysis excluded women who worked non-day shifts to control for circadian misalignment. RESULTS The median age of all participants was 33 years, with 29% of women >35 years. Ten women had an IVF cycle cancelation prior to embryo transfer. These women had shorter sleep duration, more nocturnal awakenings, lower sleep efficiency, and later sleep timing relative to those who completed their cycle. Longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of uncompleted IVF cycle (OR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.78, 1.00, per 20-min increment of increased sleep duration). Women with later sleep midpoint and later bedtime had higher odds of uncompleted cycle relative to those with earlier midpoint and earlier bedtime; OR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.09, 1.40 and OR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.17, 1.53 respectively, for 20-min increments. These results were independent of age, anti-Müllerian hormone levels, or sleep duration, and remained significant after exclusion of shift-working women. CONCLUSIONS Shorter sleep duration and later sleep timing increase the odds of uncompleted cycles prior to embryo transfer.
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28
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Sheppard G, Pham C, Nowacki A, Bischoff T, Snider C. Towards gender equity in emergency medicine: a position statement from the CAEP Women in Emergency Medicine committee. CAN J EMERG MED 2021; 23:455-459. [PMID: 33709250 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-021-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As of January 2019, over half of all doctors working in Canada under the age of 40 were women. Despite equal representation in the profession of medicine, women still experience harassment, discrimination, and pay inequity when compared to their male colleagues. Gender discrimination is present at all levels of medical training and negatively impacts women who want to become emergency physicians. The right to gender equity is part of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The World Health Organization states that "gender inequities are socially generated and, therefore, can be changed." CAEP recognizes that gender equity is important to its members and that it intersects with inequities experienced by other minority groups. This position statement from the committee for Women in Emergency Medicine (EM) is intended to support women and those who identify as women who have chosen EM as their career. Furthermore, it is meant to inform and support policy makers as they consider the unique challenges that women face in their pursuit of excellence in EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Sheppard
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Chau Pham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Anna Nowacki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Bischoff
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn Snider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Zhou G, Duong TV, Kasten EP, Hoffmann HM. Low CLOCK and CRY2 in 2nd trimester human maternal blood and risk of preterm birth: A nested case-control study. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:827-836. [PMID: 34142702 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have observed an association between maternal circadian rhythm disruption and preterm birth (PTB). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the potential of circadian clock genes to serve as predictors of PTB remain unexplored. We examined the association of 10 core circadian transcripts in maternal blood with spontaneous PTB (sPTB) vs term births using a nested case-control study design. We used a public gene expression dataset (GSE59491), which was nested within the All Our Babies (AOB) study cohort in Canada. Maternal blood was sampled in trimesters 2-3 from women with sPTB (n = 51) and term births (n = 106), matched for 5 demographic variables. In 2nd trimester maternal blood, only CLOCK and CRY2 transcripts were significantly lower in sPTB vs term (p = 0.02 ~ 0.03, FDR < 0.20). A change of PER3 mRNA from trimesters 2 to 3 was significantly associated with sPTB (decline in sPTB, p = 0.02, FDR < 0.20). When CLOCK and CRY2 were modeled together in 2nd trimester blood, the odds ratio of being in the low level of both circadian gene transcripts was greater in sPTB vs term (OR = 4.86, 95%CI = (1.75,13.51), p < 0.01). Using GSVA and Pearson correlation, we identified 98 common pathways that were negatively or positively correlated with CLOCK and CRY2 expression (all p < 0.05, FDR < 0.10). The top three identified pathways were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, degradation of extracellular matrix, and inwardly rectifying potassium channels. These three processes have previously been shown to be involved in neuron death, parturition, and uterine excitability during pregnancy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhou
- Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Thu V Duong
- Department of Animal Science, The Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Eric P Kasten
- Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, USA.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science, The Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, USA
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30
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Donohoe CL, Mohan HM. Pregnancy, parenthood and second-generation bias: women in surgery. Br J Surg 2021; 108:1-2. [PMID: 33640909 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C L Donohoe
- National Centre for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer, Trinity St James' Cancer Institute, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H M Mohan
- National Centre for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer, Trinity St James' Cancer Institute, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Colorectal surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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31
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van Beukering M, Velu A, Schonewille LHN, Duijnhoven R, Mol BW, Brand T, Frings-Dresen M, Kok M. Evaluation of a blended care programme for caregivers and working pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes: an intervention study. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:809-817. [PMID: 33875554 PMCID: PMC8526877 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-107191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Work-related activities can be a risk factor for pregnancy complications such as preterm birth. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a blended care programme, Pregnancy and Work, that provides pregnant workers and their obstetrical caregivers with advice on work adjustment. Methods Women less than 20 weeks of gestation, in paid employment or self-employed, in the care of four participating hospitals and their referring midwifery practices in the Netherlands received either the blended care programme (n=119), consisting of a training for professionals and a mobile health application, or care as usual (n=122) in a controlled intervention study with a follow-up in intervention and control populations. All participants completed three questionnaires concerning health and working conditions at 16, 24 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. Primary outcome was the percentage of women who received advice from their obstetrical caregiver about work adjustment. Secondary outcomes were work status, realised work adjustment and working conditions. Groups were compared using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Results A total of 188 (78%) completed all three questionnaires. In the blended care group, women received more advice from obstetrical caregivers to adjust their work than in the control group, 41 (39%) vs 21 (18%) (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.4), but less from their employer 8 (8%) vs 31 (28%) (aRR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.61). There were no significant differences in realised work adjustments. At 24 weeks, 30% of the pregnant women in both groups continued to work in hazardous workplaces. Conclusion Among working pregnant women, the blended care intervention increases advice on work adjustment given by midwives and obstetricians, but does not lead to more work adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeline Velu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruben Duijnhoven
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Willem Mol
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Teus Brand
- Public and Occupational Health/Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Frings-Dresen
- Public and Occupational Health/Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kok
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Critchley J, Schwarz M, Baruah R. The female medical workforce. Anaesthesia 2021; 76 Suppl 4:14-23. [PMID: 33682097 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the UK, the proportion of female medical students has remained static over the last decade, at around 55%; however, at consultant level, only 36.6% of doctors are women. The reasons for this drop in numbers are not clear. Given the increase in number of female doctors in training, the proportion of female doctors at consultant level is lower than might be expected. This article discusses issues affecting the female medical workforce in anaesthesia, intensive care and pain medicine. It explores how gender stereotypes and implicit gender bias can affect the way women are perceived in the workplace, especially in leadership positions, and discusses health issues particular to the female medical workforce. While the issues in this article may not affect all women, the cumulative effect of being subject to gender stereotypes within a workplace not designed to accommodate the health needs of women may contribute to a work environment that may promote the attrition of women from our specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Critchley
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Schwarz
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Baruah
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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33
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Thum JA, Chang D, Tata N, Liau LM. Neurosurgeons in 2020: the impact of gender on neurosurgical training, family planning, and workplace culture. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E11. [PMID: 33789233 DOI: 10.3171/2020.12.focus20965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2008, a Women in Neurosurgery Committee white paper called for increased women applicants and decreased women's attrition in neurosurgery. However, contributing factors (work-life balance, lack of female leadership, workplace gender inequality) have not been well characterized; therefore, specific actions cannot be implemented to improve these professional hurdles. This study provides an update on the experiences of neurosurgeons in 2020 with these historical challenges. METHODS An anonymous online survey was sent to all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited US neurosurgical programs, examining demographics and experiences with mentorship, family life, fertility, and workplace conduct. RESULTS A total of 115 respondents (64 men, 51 women; age range 25-67 years) had trained at 49 different US residencies. Mentorship rates were very high among men and women in medical school and residency. However, women were significantly more likely than men to have a female mentor in residency. During residency, 33% of women versus 44% of men had children, and significantly fewer women interested in having a child were able to do so in residency, compared to men. Significantly more women than men had a child only during a nonclinical year (56.3% vs 19.0%, respectively). Thirty-nine percent of women and 25% of men reported difficulty conceiving. The major difficulty for men was stress, whereas women reported the physical challenges of pregnancy itself (workplace teratogens, morning sickness, etc.). Failed birth rates peaked during residency (0.33) versus those before (0.00) and after residency (0.25).Women (80%) experience microaggressions in the workplace significantly more than men (36%; p < 0.001). Ninety-five percent of macro-/microaggressions toward female neurosurgeons were about their gender, compared to 9% of those toward men (p < 0.001). The most common overall perpetrators were senior male residents and attendings, followed by male patients (against women) and female nurses or midlevel providers (against men). CONCLUSIONS Accurate depictions of neurosurgery experiences and open discussions of the potential impacts of gender may allow for 1) decreased attrition due to more accurate expectations and 2) improved characterization of gender differences in neurosurgery so the profession can work to address gender inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Thum
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Diana Chang
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, UCSF School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Nalini Tata
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Linda M Liau
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles
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Begtrup LM, Malmros P, Brauer C, Soegaard Toettenborg S, Flachs EM, Hammer PEC, Bonde JP. Manager-oriented intervention to reduce absence among pregnant employees in the healthcare and daycare sector: a cluster randomised trial. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:oemed-2020-106794. [PMID: 33436380 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to test if targeting managers with an educational intervention reduces absence among pregnant employees. METHODS The study was a non-blinded cluster randomised trial conducted in hospitals and daycare institutions from two administrative Danish Regions and two Danish municipalities. Clusters (work units) were assigned randomly and non-blinded to either (1) intervention, where all managers were invited to participate in a 3-hour seminar addressing needs and options for adjustment of work in pregnancy, or (2) control, with practice as usual. The primary outcome based on payroll data was long-term pregnancy-related absence, defined as ≥12.5% cumulated absence during pregnancy weeks 1-32. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied using mixed logistic regression. RESULTS Ninety work units were included (56 hospital departments and 34 daycare units) with 451 pregnant employees in the intervention group and 464 in the control group. Work units had on average 11 pregnant employees with no difference between the groups. 103 of the 216 invited managers (48%) participated in a the 3-hour seminar. In the intervention group, 154 (34%) had long-term pregnancy-related absence during pregnancy weeks 1-32 vs 166 (36%) in the control group. Relative odds of having long-term pregnancy-related absence, when being in the intervention group, was 1.06 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.58), with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.07. CONCLUSION An educational intervention targeting managers did not reduce pregnancy-related absence among pregnant employees. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03002987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Moelenberg Begtrup
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Malmros
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brauer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Soegaard Toettenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula Edeusa Cristina Hammer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Yaw AM, McLane-Svoboda AK, Hoffmann HM. Shiftwork and Light at Night Negatively Impact Molecular and Endocrine Timekeeping in the Female Reproductive Axis in Humans and Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E324. [PMID: 33396885 PMCID: PMC7795361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiftwork, including work that takes place at night (nightshift) and/or rotates between day and nightshifts, plays an important role in our society, but is associated with decreased health, including reproductive dysfunction. One key factor in shiftwork, exposure to light at night, has been identified as a likely contributor to the underlying health risks associated with shiftwork. Light at night disrupts the behavioral and molecular circadian timekeeping system, which is important for coordinated timing of physiological processes, causing mistimed hormone release and impaired physiological functions. This review focuses on the impact of shiftwork on reproductive function and pregnancy in women and laboratory rodents and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. We summarize the negative impact of shiftwork on female fertility and compare these findings to studies in rodent models of light shifts. Light-shift rodent models recapitulate several aspects of reproductive dysfunction found in shift workers, and their comparison with human studies can enable a deeper understanding of physiological and hormonal responses to light shifts and the underlying molecular mechanisms that may lead to reproductive disruption in human shift workers. The contributions of human and rodent studies are essential to identify the origins of impaired fertility in women employed in shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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36
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Karhula K, Hakola T, Koskinen A, Lallukka T, Ojajärvi A, Puttonen S, Oksanen T, Rahkonen O, Ropponen A, Härmä M. Ageing shift workers' sleep and working-hour characteristics after implementing ergonomic shift-scheduling rules. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13227. [PMID: 33166038 PMCID: PMC8365717 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied whether implementing binding ergonomic shift‐scheduling rules change ageing (≥45 years) social and healthcare employees’ (mean age 52.5 years, 95% women) working‐hour characteristics (e.g. weekly working hours, number and length of night shifts, and short shift intervals) and sleep. We compared an intervention group (n = 253) to a control group (n = 1,234) by survey responses (baseline 2007/2008, follow‐up 2012) and objective working‐hour characteristics (intervention group n = 159, control group n = 379) from 91 days preceding the surveys. Changes in working‐hour characteristics were analysed with repeated measures general linear models. The fully adjusted model (sociodemographics and full‐/part‐time work) showed that proportion of short shift intervals (<11 hr, p = .033) and weekend work (p = .01) decreased more in the intervention than in the control group. Changes in sleep outcomes were analysed with generalised logit model to binomial and multinomial variables. The fully adjusted model (sociodemographics, full‐/part‐time work, job strain, health behaviours, and perceived health) revealed higher odds in the intervention group for long sleep (≥9 hr; odds ratio [OR] 5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.21–13.80), and lower odds of short sleep (<6 hr; OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57–0.92), having at least two sleep difficulties often (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.43–0.70), and more specifically difficulties in falling asleep (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41–0.77), waking up several times per night (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34–0.55), difficulties in staying asleep (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49–0.82), and non‐restorative sleep (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.90) than the control group. In conclusion, implementation of ergonomic shift‐scheduling rules resulted in minor changes in ageing employees’ objective working hours and a consistent buffering effect against worsening of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Karhula
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Hakola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Tuula Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Garde AH, Begtrup L, Bjorvatn B, Bonde JP, Hansen J, Hansen ÅM, Härmä M, Jensen MA, Kecklund G, Kolstad HA, Larsen AD, Lie JA, Moreno CR, Nabe-Nielsen K, Sallinen M. How to schedule night shift work in order to reduce health and safety risks. Scand J Work Environ Health 2020; 46:557-569. [PMID: 32895725 PMCID: PMC7737811 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This discussion paper aims to provide scientifically based recommendations on night shift schedules, including consecutive shifts, shift intervals and duration of shifts, which may reduce health and safety risks. Short-term physiological effects in terms of circadian disruption, inadequate sleep duration and quality, and fatigue were considered as possible links between night shift work and selected health and safety risks, namely, cancer, cardio-metabolic disease, injuries, and pregnancy-related outcomes. Method In early 2020, 15 experienced shift work researchers participated in a workshop where they identified relevant scientific literature within their main research area. Results Knowledge gaps and possible recommendations were discussed based on the current evidence. The consensus was that schedules which reduce circadian disruption may reduce cancer risk, particularly for breast cancer, and schedules that optimize sleep and reduce fatigue may reduce the occurrence of injuries. This is generally achieved with fewer consecutive night shifts, sufficient shift intervals, and shorter night shift duration. Conclusions Based on the limited, existing literature, we recommend that in order to reduce the risk of injuries and possibly breast cancer, night shift schedules have: (i) ≤3 consecutive night shifts; (ii) shift intervals of ≥11 hours; and (iii) ≤9 hours shift duration. In special cases - eg, oil rigs and other isolated workplaces with better possibilities to adapt to daytime sleep - additional or other recommendations may apply. Finally, to reduce risk of miscarriage, pregnant women should not work more than one night shift in a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lundy SR, Richardson S, Ramsey A, Ellerson D, Fengxia Y, Onyeabor S, Kirlin W, Thompson W, Black CM, DeBruyne JP, Davidson AJ, Immergluck LC, Blas-Machado U, Eko FO, Igietseme JU, He Q, Omosun YO. Shift work influences the outcomes of Chlamydia infection and pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15389. [PMID: 32958779 PMCID: PMC7505842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work, performed by approximately 21 million Americans, is irregular or unusual work schedule hours occurring after 6:00 pm. Shift work has been shown to disrupt circadian rhythms and is associated with several adverse health outcomes and chronic diseases such as cancer, gastrointestinal and psychiatric diseases and disorders. It is unclear if shift work influences the complications associated with certain infectious agents, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility resulting from genital chlamydial infection. We used an Environmental circadian disruption (ECD) model mimicking circadian disruption occurring during shift work, where mice had a 6-h advance in the normal light/dark cycle (LD) every week for a month. Control group mice were housed under normal 12/12 LD cycle. Our hypothesis was that compared to controls, mice that had their circadian rhythms disrupted in this ECD model will have a higher Chlamydia load, more pathology and decreased fertility rate following Chlamydia infection. Results showed that, compared to controls, mice that had their circadian rhythms disrupted (ECD) had higher Chlamydia loads, more tissue alterations or lesions, and lower fertility rate associated with chlamydial infection. Also, infected ECD mice elicited higher proinflammatory cytokines compared to mice under normal 12/12 LD cycle. These results imply that there might be an association between shift work and the increased likelihood of developing more severe disease from Chlamydia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Lundy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Shakyra Richardson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Anne Ramsey
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Debra Ellerson
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Yan Fengxia
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Sunny Onyeabor
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Ward Kirlin
- Department of Pharmacology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Winston Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Carolyn M Black
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Jason P DeBruyne
- Department of Pharmacology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Alec J Davidson
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Lilly C Immergluck
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
- Pediatric Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Uriel Blas-Machado
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Francis O Eko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Joseph U Igietseme
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Qing He
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Yusuf O Omosun
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
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He C, McGregor AJ, Lewiss RE. Preinvisible: An Early-Career Perspective on a Midcareer Phenomenon. Perm J 2020; 24:1-4. [PMID: 33482934 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/20.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this commentary, a female early-career academic physician reflects on her experiences with microinequities in the workplace. Using a recent publication describing the experience of midcareer academic women physicians as a launching point, the author discusses the experiences that early-career women in medicine commonly have. In training and early career, women are exposed to subtle barriers, aggressions, and inequities, which build over time. By midcareer, some women leave medicine or if they remain in medicine, they have likely not reached the salary or promotion levels of men. Ultimately, the author questions if trainees and early-career women in academic medicine are simply in a "preinvisible" phase of their careers. Ways to address the microinequities are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alyson J McGregor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Resa E Lewiss
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Pedersen P, Momsen AMH, Andersen DR, Nielsen CV, Nohr EA, Maimburg RD. Associations between work environment, health status and sick leave among pregnant employees. Scand J Public Health 2020; 49:149-158. [PMID: 32466722 DOI: 10.1177/1403494820919564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To study the associations between and timing of psychosocial and physical work factors and health status on sick leave among Danish pregnant employees. Methods: A total of 910 pregnant women completed a questionnaire in gestational weeks 12 (baseline) and 27 (follow-up). Information about psychosocial and physical work factors and health status was obtained at baseline. Associations with sick leave ⩾14 days were estimated using logistic regression. Further, the impact of timing and duration of exposure on sick leave were examined. Results: A total of 133 women (14.6%) reported ⩾14 days of sick leave at follow-up (27 weeks of gestation). Work-related risk factors for sick leave were high work pace, low influence, low recognition, low job satisfaction, conflict in work−family balance, standing/walking, heavy lifting, and shift work/night shift. Health-related risk factors were burnout, stress, possibility of depression, low work ability, previous sick leave, and poor self-rated health. Being exposed to work-related risk factors during the first 27 weeks of pregnancy or at follow-up increased the risk of sick leave compared with those not exposed at any time or only exposed at baseline. Poor health status increased the risk if women were exposed in the first 27 weeks of pregnancy; however, high possibility of depression was also a risk factor when experienced in early pregnancy. Conclusions: Psychosocial and physical work-related risk factors and poor health status were associated with more sick leave in pregnant employees. Early adjustment of work-related risk factors at the workplace is needed to reduce sick leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- DEFACTUM, Social & Health Services and Labour Market, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette H. Momsen
- DEFACTUM, Social & Health Services and Labour Market, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dorte R. Andersen
- Occupational Medicine, Regional Hospital West Jutland, University Research Clinic, Aarhus University, Herning, Denmark
| | - Claus V. Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- DEFACTUM, Social & Health Services and Labour Market, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Regional Hospital West Jutland, Herning, Denmark
| | - Ellen A. Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Women’s, Family and Child Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Rikke D. Maimburg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Light and Circadian Signaling Pathway in Pregnancy: Programming of Adult Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062232. [PMID: 32210175 PMCID: PMC7139376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental signal that affects elements of human health, including the entrainment of circadian rhythms. A suboptimal environment during pregnancy can increase the risk of offspring developing a wide range of chronic diseases in later life. Circadian rhythm disruption in pregnant women may have deleterious consequences for their progeny. In the modern world, maternal chronodisruption can be caused by shift work, jet travel across time zones, mistimed eating, and excessive artificial light exposure at night. However, the impact of maternal chronodisruption on the developmental programming of various chronic diseases remains largely unknown. In this review, we outline the impact of light, the circadian clock, and circadian signaling pathways in pregnancy and fetal development. Additionally, we show how to induce maternal chronodisruption in animal models, examine emerging research demonstrating long-term negative implications for offspring health following maternal chronodisruption, and summarize current evidence related to light and circadian signaling pathway targeted therapies in pregnancy to prevent the development of chronic diseases in offspring.
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Accommodating pregnancy and parental leave for the emergency physician: An update. CAN J EMERG MED 2020; 22:277-279. [PMID: 32188527 DOI: 10.1017/cem.2019.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Suzumori N, Ebara T, Matsuki T, Yamada Y, Kato S, Omori T, Saitoh S, Kamijima M, Sugiura‐Ogasawara M. Effects of long working hours and shift work during pregnancy on obstetric and perinatal outcomes: A large prospective cohort study-Japan Environment and Children's Study. Birth 2020; 47:67-79. [PMID: 31667913 PMCID: PMC7065104 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The work patterns of pregnant women may be related to adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to clarify the effects of weekly working time according to frequencies of night shifts during pregnancy on adverse outcomes in Japan. METHODS The Japan Environment and Children's Study, a prospective cohort study, was conducted in 15 regions nationwide in Japan. The study population included pregnant women with singleton pregnancies (n = 99 744). The mothers' working hours and frequencies of night shifts during the first and the second/third trimesters were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Outcome data were collected from medical transcripts. RESULTS Compared with nonworking women, women who worked during pregnancy had significantly increased adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of threatened miscarriage (maximum aOR: 1.47, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.26-1.73) and of threatened preterm labor (maximum aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.41-1.87). Increased aORs were observed for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (maximum aOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.39-2.93) in women working ≥36 hours per week with night shifts, for vacuum/forceps delivery (maximum aOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22-1.48) at ≥36 hours with or without night shifts, and for small-for-gestational-age babies (aOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.10-1.59) at ≥46 hours with night shifts. In contrast, lower aORs were observed for gestational diabetes and meconium-stained amniotic fluid in women working without night shifts. CONCLUSIONS Work during pregnancy slightly increased the risks of threatened miscarriage and threatened preterm labor. Long working hours increased the risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, vacuum/forceps delivery, and small-for-gestational-age babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzumori
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Taro Matsuki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Department of Pediatrics and NeonatologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Toyonori Omori
- Department of Health Care Policy and ManagementGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
- National Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and NeonatologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Mayumi Sugiura‐Ogasawara
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
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Woolner AM, Raja EA, Bhattacharya S, Danielian P, Bhattacharya S. Inherited susceptibility to miscarriage: a nested case-control study of 31,565 women from an intergenerational cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:168.e1-168.e8. [PMID: 31437424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miscarriage can be a devastating outcome for couples, and most miscarriages are unexplained. Many adverse obstetric outcomes (such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and growth restriction) are thought to be inherited. It is possible that these conditions could share similar pathophysiologic mechanisms (such as endothelial dysfunction) with miscarriage. Therefore, it was hypothesized that there could be a susceptibility to miscarriage transmitted from mother to daughter. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between a maternal history of miscarriage and the risk of miscarriage in daughters. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study nested within an intergenerational cohort was conducted. Mother-daughter pairs were identified from the intergenerational cohort within the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank, United Kingdom. A mother's history of miscarriage was the exposure. The primary outcome was miscarriage in daughters. There were 31,565 mother-daughter pairs who were eligible for inclusion. A population average model that used generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors was used to estimate the odds of a mother's history of miscarriage in daughters with a miscarriage compared with daughters with only livebirths. This method accounted for clustering of daughters within mothers, and multiadjusted analyses were performed to include confounders at the daughter's pregnancy level. RESULTS Daughters who miscarried had 11% greater odds of being born to mothers with a history of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.22). Daughters with recurrent miscarriage (≥2) were also more likely to be born to a mother with a history of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.49). CONCLUSION There may be an inherited predisposition to miscarriage transmitted from mother to daughter. Future research should investigate genetic or familial environmental factors that may predispose women to miscarriage.
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Mills J, Kuohung W. Impact of circadian rhythms on female reproduction and infertility treatment success. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2019; 26:317-321. [PMID: 31644470 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, new studies have investigated the role and influence of sleep on female fertility and early pregnancy outcomes, providing a growing body of knowledge demonstrating how regulation by sleep of hormones are important to reproduction, and how disruptions in sleep, circadian rhythms, and genes regulating circadian rhythmicity can negatively impact fertility and early pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to summarize the most recent research on the relationship among circadian rhythms, fertility, and early pregnancy outcomes in women, and to explore possible fertility interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have found altered levels of FSH, LH, and prolactin with sleep disturbance or circadian dysrhythmia. Disruption of circadian rhythms in the form of shift work, jet lag, and daylight savings time changes have been associated with poorer fertility and early pregnancy outcomes. Alterations in the expression of circadian rhythm-regulating circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) genes have been associated with decreased fertility and increased rates of miscarriage. SUMMARY Overall, undisrupted sleep and circadian rhythmicity appear to optimize fertility and early pregnancy outcomes and may play an important role in the success of fertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Mills
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mohan H, Ali O, Gokani V, McGoldrick C, Smitham P, Fitzgerald JEF, Harries R. Surgical trainees' experience of pregnancy, maternity and paternity leave: a cross-sectional study. Postgrad Med J 2019; 95:552-557. [PMID: 31375558 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, supporting surgical trainees during pregnancy, maternity and paternity leave is essential for trainee well-being and for retention of high-calibre surgeons, regardless of their parental status. This study sought to determine the current experience of surgical trainees regarding pregnancy, maternity and paternity leave. METHODS A cross-sectional anonymised electronic voluntary survey of all surgical trainees working in the UK and Ireland was distributed via the Association of Surgeons in Training and the British Orthopaedic Trainees' Association. RESULTS There were 876 complete responses, of whom 61.4% (n=555) were female. 46.5% (258/555) had been pregnant during surgical training. The majority (51.9%, n=134/258) stopped night on-call shifts by 30 weeks' gestation. The most common reason for this was concerns related to tiredness and maternal health. 41% did not have rest facilities available on night shifts. 27.1% (n=70/258) of trainees did not feel supported by their department during pregnancy, and 17.1% (n=50/258) found the process of arranging maternity leave difficult or very difficult. 61% (n=118/193) of trainees felt they had returned to their normal level of working within 6 months of returning to work after maternity leave, while a significant minority took longer. 25% (n=33/135) of trainees found arranging paternity leave difficult or very difficult, and the most common source of information regarding paternity leave was other trainees. CONCLUSION Over a quarter of surgical trainees felt unsupported by their department during pregnancy, while a quarter of male trainees experience difficulty in arranging paternity leave. Efforts must be made to ensure support is available in pregnancy and maternity/paternity leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mohan
- Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT), London, UK
| | - Oroog Ali
- Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT), London, UK
| | - Vimal Gokani
- Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT), London, UK
| | | | - Peter Smitham
- British Orthopaedic Trainees' Association (BOTA), London, UK
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