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Chang Y, Wang K, Liu G, Zhao H, Chen X, Cai J, Jia G. Zinc glycine chelate ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via attenuating TLR4/NF-κB pathway in meat ducks. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:5. [PMID: 38243258 PMCID: PMC10797781 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc glycine chelate (Zn-Gly) has anti-inflammation and growth-promoting properties; however, the mechanism of Zn-Gly contribution to gut barrier function in Cherry Valley ducks during intestinal inflammation is unknown. Three-hundred 1-day-old ducks were divided into 5 groups (6 replicates and 10 ducks per replicate) in a completely randomized design: the control and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) groups were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and experimental groups received supplements of 70, 120 or 170 mg/kg Zn in form of Zn-Gly. The DSS and treatment groups were given 2 mL of 0.45 g/mL DSS daily during d 15-21, and the control group received normal saline. The experiment lasted 21 d. RESULTS Compared with DSS group, 70, 120 and 170 mg/kg Zn significantly increased body weight (BW), villus height and the ratio of villus to crypt, and significantly decreased the crypt depth of jejunum at 21 d. The number of goblet cells in jejunal villi in the Zn-Gly group was significantly increased by periodic acid-Schiff staining. Compared with control, the content of intestinal permeability marker D-lactic acid (D-LA) and fluxes of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-D) in plasma of DSS group significantly increased, and 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly decreased the D-LA content and FITC-D fluxes. Compared with control, contents of plasma, jejunum endotoxin and jejunum pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in DSS group, and were significantly decreased by 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation. Dietary Zn significantly increased the contents of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, IL-22 and sIgA and IgG in jejunum. Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that 170 mg/kg Zn supplementation significantly increased mRNA expression levels of CLDN-1 and expression of OCLN protein in jejunum, and decreased gene and protein expression of CLDN-2 compared with DSS group. The 120 mg/kg Zn significantly promoted the expressions of IL-22 and IgA. Dietary Zn-Gly supplementation significantly decreased pro-inflammatory genes IL-8 and TNF-α expression levels and TNF-α protein expression in jejunum. Additionally, Zn significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB p65. CONCLUSIONS Zn-Gly improved duck BW and alleviated intestinal injury by regulating intestinal morphology, barrier function and gut inflammation-related signal pathways TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Wee VTK, Shirakawa H, Yeh SL, Yeh CL. Fermented rice bran supplementation attenuates colonic injury through modulating intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor and innate lymphoid cells in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109493. [PMID: 37871768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fermented rice bran (FRB) on modulating intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression, innate lymphoid cell (ILC)3 populations, the fecal microbiota distribution, and their associations with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis. C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups: 1) NC group, normal mice fed the AIN-93M diet; 2) FRB group, normal mice fed a diet supplemented with 5% FRB; 3) NCD group, DSS-treated mice fed AIN-93M; 4) FRBD group, DSS-treated mice fed a 5% FRB-supplemented diet. DSS was administered for 5 d and followed by 5 d for recovery. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed. Their blood and intestinal tissues were collected. Results showed that there were no differences in colonic biological parameters and function between the NC and FRB groups. Similar fecal microbiota diversity was noted between these two groups. Compared to the non-DSS-treated groups, DSS administration led to increased intestinal permeability, enhanced inflammatory cytokine production and disease severity, whereas tight junctions and AhR, interleukin (IL)-22 expressions were downregulated, and the ILC3 population had decreased. Also, gut microbiota diversity differs from the non-DSS-treated groups and more detrimental bacterial populations exist when compared to the FRBD group. FRB supplementation in DSS-treated mice attenuated fecal microbial dysbiosis, decreased intestinal permeability, improved the barrier integrity, upregulated AhR and IL-22 expression, maintained the ILC3 population, and pathologically mitigated colonic injury. These findings suggest enhanced ILC3- and AhR-mediated functions may be partly responsible for the anti-colitis effects of FRB supplementation in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- ViVi Tang Kang Wee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sung-Ling Yeh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Li Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Miller A, Cutroneo G, Lombardo GP, D'Angelo R, Pallio S, Migliorato A, Fumia A, Favaloro A, Lauriano ER, Pergolizzi S. Association between neuropeptides and mucins in Crohn's disease mucous cells. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152115. [PMID: 37979446 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are both inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Unlike UC, which is limited to the mucosa of the colon, CD inflammation is characterized by chronic mucosal ulcerations affecting the entire gastrointestinal tract. Goblet cells (GCs) can be found in some lining epithelia, particularly in the respiratory and digestive tracts. GCs represent the main source of mucin that are the significant components of the mucus layer; hypertrophy of GCs and an increase in mucin production are observed in many enteric infections. The cytoplasm of goblet cells may also contain neuropeptides, such as serotonin, that can be altered in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The defense system of the gut is represented by the intestinal mucosal barrier, its protective function is strictly connected to the regulation of the mucus layer and the coordination of the neuro-immune response. Paraformaldehyde-fixed intestinal tissues, obtained from fifteen patients with Crohn's disease, were analyzed by immunostaining for MUC2, MUC4, 5-HT, and VAChT. This study aims to define the link between neuropeptides and mucins in mucous cells and their involvement in the inflammation process. Our results showed in mucous cells of Crohn's disease (CD) patients a high expression of MUC4 and a decrease in the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) demonstrating the presence of an inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pia Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Socrate Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, Italy
| | - Alba Migliorato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelo Favaloro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Sung J, Alghoul Z, Long D, Yang C, Merlin D. Oral delivery of IL-22 mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles targeting the injured intestinal mucosa: A novel therapeutic solution to treat ulcerative colitis. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121707. [PMID: 35953326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral mRNA delivery is a promising yet understudied approach for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inspired by the colon-targeting ability of ginger-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs), we reversely engineered lipid nanoparticles that comprise the three major lipids identified in GDNPs. When mixed at the ratio found in GDNPs, the selected lipids (phosphatidic acid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol; 5:2:3) self-assembled into new lipid nanoparticles (nLNPs) in phosphate-buffered saline. We encapsulated IL-22-mRNA within the nLNPs, as enhanced IL-22 expression in the colon is known to have potent anti-inflammatory efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). The IL-22 mRNA-loaded nLNPs (IL-22/nLNPs) were found to be about 200 nm in diameter and have a zeta potential of -18 mV. Oral delivery of IL-22/nLNPs elevated the protein expression level of IL-22 in the colonic mucosa of mice. In a mouse model of acute colitis, mice fed with IL-22/nLNPs experienced an accelerated healing process, as indicated by the recovery of more body weight and colon length as well as reduction of the histological index, colonic MPO activity, fecal lipocalin concentration, and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Our results suggest that our reversely engineered nLNPs is an excellent mRNA delivery platform for treating ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsik Sung
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zahra Alghoul
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Dingpei Long
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30302, USA.
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30302, USA
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Effects of Different Routes and Forms of Vitamin D Administration on Mesenteric Lymph Node CD4+ T Cell Polarization and Intestinal Injury in Obese Mice Complicated with Polymicrobial Sepsis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173557. [PMID: 36079813 PMCID: PMC9460651 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the efficacies of enteral cholecalciferol and/or intravenous (IV) calcitriol administration on mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cluster-of-differentiation-4-positive (CD4+) T cell distribution and intestinal barrier damage in obese mice complicated with sepsis. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks and then sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice were divided into the following sepsis groups: without vitamin D (VD) (S); with oral cholecalciferol 1 day before CLP (G); with IV calcitriol 1 h after CLP (V); and with both cholecalciferol before and IV calcitriol after CLP (GV). All mice were sacrificed at 12 or 24 h after CLP. The findings show that the S group had a higher T helper (Th)17 percentage than the VD-treated groups at 12 h after CLP. The V group exhibited a higher Th1 percentage and Th1/Th2 ratio than the other groups at 24 h, whereas the V and GV groups had a lower Th17/regulatory T (Treg) ratio 12 h post-CLP in MLNs. In ileum tissues, the VD-treated groups had higher tight junction protein and cathelicidin levels, and higher mucin gene expression than the S group at 24 h post-CLP. Also, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its associated cytochrome P450 1A1 and interleukin 22 gene expressions were upregulated. In contrast, levels of lipid peroxides and inflammatory mediators in ileum tissues were lower in the groups with VD treatment after CLP. These results suggest that IV calcitriol seemed to have a more-pronounced effect on modulating the homeostasis of Th/Treg subsets in MLNs. Both oral cholecalciferol before and IV calcitriol after CLP promoted cathelicidin secretion, alleviated intestinal inflammation, and ameliorated the epithelial integrity in obese mice complicated with sepsis possibly via VD receptor and AhR signaling pathways.
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6
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Metformin Protects the Intestinal Barrier by Activating Goblet Cell Maturation and Epithelial Proliferation in Radiation-Induced Enteropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115929. [PMID: 35682612 PMCID: PMC9180746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy or accidental exposure to high-dose radiation can cause severe damage to healthy organs. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a radiation-sensitive organ of the body. The intestinal barrier is the first line of defense in the GI tract, and consists of mucus secreted by goblet cells and a monolayer of epithelium. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) help in barrier maintenance and intestinal function after injury by regulating efficient regeneration of the epithelium. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in maintaining the intestinal epithelium and regulates ISC self-renewal. Metformin is the most widely used antidiabetic drug in clinical practice, and its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects have also been widely studied. In this study, we investigated whether metformin alleviated radiation-induced enteropathy by focusing on its role in protecting the epithelial barrier. We found that metformin alleviated radiation-induced enteropathy, with increased villi length and crypt numbers, and restored the intestinal barrier function in the irradiated intestine. In a radiation-induced enteropathy mouse model, metformin treatment increased tight-junction expression in the epithelium and inhibited bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. Metformin increased the number of ISCs from radiation toxicity and enhanced epithelial repair by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These data suggested that metformin may be a potential therapeutic agent for radiation-induced enteropathy.
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Pergolizzi S, Alesci A, Centofanti A, Aragona M, Pallio S, Magaudda L, Cutroneo G, Lauriano ER. Role of Serotonin in the Maintenance of Inflammatory State in Crohn’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040765. [PMID: 35453516 PMCID: PMC9030789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation considered to be a major entity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), affecting different segments of the whole gastrointestinal tract. Peripheral serotonin (5-HT), a bioactive amine predominantly produced by gut enterochromaffin cells (ECs), is crucial in gastrointestinal functions, including motility, sensitivity, secretion, and the inflammatory response. These actions are mediated by a large family of serotonin receptors and specialized serotonin transporter (SERT) located on a variety of cell types in the gut. Several studies indicate that intestinal 5-HT signaling is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Paraformaldehyde-fixed intestinal tissues, obtained from fifteen patients with Crohn’s disease were analyzed by immunostaining for serotonin, Langerin/CD207, and alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA). As controls, unaffected (normal) intestinal specimens of seven individuals were investigated. This study aimed to show the expression of serotonin in dendritic cells (DCs) and myofibroblast which have been characterized with Langerin/CD207 and α-SMA, respectively; furthermore, for the first time, we have found the presence of serotonin in goblet cells. Our results show the correlation between different types of intestinal cells in the maintenance of the inflammatory state in CD linked to the recall of myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Centofanti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (A.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Socrate Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98147 Messina, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Magaudda
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Pearce SC, Weber GJ, Doherty LA, Soares JW. Human
iPSC
Colon Organoid Function is Improved By Exposure to Fecal Fermentates. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:468-484. [PMID: 35812075 PMCID: PMC9254220 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The host–microbe interaction is critical for intestinal homeostasis. By‐products from microbial metabolism of unabsorbed dietary components have been studied increasingly as potential contributors to health and disease. In vitro fermentation systems provide a way to simulate microbial activity and by‐product production of the colon using human fecal samples. Objectives of the study were to determine how clarified supernatants from two different fermentation conditions affect markers of cell proliferation, differentiation, barrier function, and immune function in a human‐induced pluripotent (iPSC) colon organoid model. SCFA and BCFA's of the supernatants were analyzed and were similar to known in vivo concentrations. Molecular results showed 25% of the clarified supernatant from batch fermentation led to a more physiological intestinal phenotype including increased markers of differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase, chromogranin A, SCFA transport monocarboxylate transporter‐1, (6.2‐fold, 2.1‐fold, and 1.8‐fold, respectively; p < 0.05). Mucin production (mucin‐2, mucin‐4) was increased in cells treated with 25% supernatant, as observed by confocal microscopy. In addition, increased tight junction expression (claudin‐3) was noted by immunofluorescence in 25% supernatant‐ treated cells. A dose–response increase in barrier function was observed over the 72‐h time course, with a twofold increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the 25% group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). To further investigate host effects, clarified supernatants from a continuous multistage fermentation representing the ascending (AC), transverse (TC), and descending (DC) colonic domains were utilized and some regional differences were observed including increased markers of inflammation (IL‐1β, 6.15 pg/ml; IL‐6, 27.58 pg/ml; TNFα, 4.49 pg/ml; p < 0.05) in DC‐treated samples only. Overall, clarified supernatants represent a valuable model to examine effects of microbial by‐products on host intestinal development and function and future efforts will be designed to further understand microbial communities and metabolites, along with additional host response measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Pearce
- Soldier Sustainment Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
- Current address: USDA‐ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment 1015 N. University Blvd., Ames, IA 50011
| | - Gregory J. Weber
- Soldier Sustainment Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
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Hwang SJ, Yeo D, Song YS, Choi Y, Youn HJ, Lee HJ. An aqueous extract from Artemisia capillaris inhibits acute gastric injury through mucosal stabilization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1255-1262. [PMID: 34358346 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia capillaris is among the most abundantly used traditional medicines, utilized in East Asia to treat diverse illnesses, including gastrointestinal tract diseases. We previously reported that an aqueous extract of A. capillaris (AEAC) inhibited gastric inflammation induced by HCl/ethanol via reactive oxygen species scavenging and NF-κB downregulation. To date, the pharmacological potential of AEAC for promoting mucosal integrity has not been studied. RESULTS Here, we report that a single treatment with AEAC increased mucus production, and repeated administration of AEAC abolished HCl/ethanol-induced mucosal injury in vivo. Single- and multiple-dose AEAC treatments measurably increased the expression of mucosal stabilizing factors in vivo, including mucin (MUC) 5 AC, MUC6, and trefoil factor (TFF) 1 and TFF2 (but not TFF3). AEAC also induced mucosal stabilizing factors in both SNU-601 cells and RGM cells through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that AEAC protects against HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis by upregulating MUCs and TFFs and stabilizing the mucosal epithelium. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dahee Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Song
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youngbin Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Youn
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Traini C, Nistri S, Calosi L, Vannucchi MG. Chronic Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Affects the Ileum and Colon of Guinea Pigs Differently. Relaxin (RLX-2, Serelaxin) Prevents Most Local Damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:804623. [PMID: 35095510 PMCID: PMC8793690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.804623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is the cause of several organ and apparatus diseases. The effects of smoke in the gut are partially known. Accumulating evidence has shown a relationship between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease, prompting us to investigate the mechanisms of action of smoking in animal models. Despite the role played by neuropeptides in gut inflammation, there are no reports on their role in animal models of smoking exposure. The hormone relaxin has shown anti-inflammatory properties in the intestine, and it might represent a putative therapy to prevent gut damage caused by smoking. Presently, we investigate the effects of chronic smoke exposure on inflammation, mucosal secretion, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) expressions in the ileum and colon of guinea pigs. We also verify the ability of relaxin to counter the smoke-induced effects. Smoke impacted plasma carbon monoxide (CO). In the ileum, it induced inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis, and acidic mucin production; reduced the blood vessel area; decreased c-kit-positive mast cells and VIP-positive neurons; and increased the SP-positive nerve fibers. In the colon, it reduced the blood vessel area and the goblet cell area and decreased c-kit-positive mast cells, VIP-positive neurons, and SP-positive nerve fibers. Relaxin prevented most of the smoking-induced changes in the ileum, while it was less effective in the colon. This study shows the diverse sensitivity to CS between the ileum and the colon and demonstrates that both VIP and SP are affected by smoking. The efficacy of relaxin proposes this hormone as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic to counteract gut damage in humans affected by inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Takahashi Y, Okamura Y, Harada N, Watanabe M, Miyanishi H, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Interleukin-22 Deficiency Contributes to Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Inflammation in Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688036. [PMID: 34759916 PMCID: PMC8573258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissue forms the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Cellular damage in the mucosal epithelium may induce the interleukin (IL)-22-related activation of many immune cells, which are essential for maintaining the mucosal epithelial barrier. A previous study on mucosal immunity elucidated that mammalian IL-22 contributes to mucus and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production and anti-apoptotic function. IL-22 has been identified in several teleost species and is also induced in response to bacterial infections. However, the roles of IL-22 in teleost immunity and mucus homeostasis are poorly understood. In this study, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was used as a model fish. The medaka il22, il22 receptor A1 (il22ra1), and il22 binding protein (il22bp) were cloned and characterized. The expression of medaka il22, il22ra1, and il22bp in various tissues was measured using qPCR. These genes were expressed at high levels in the mucosal tissues of the intestines, gills, and skin. The localization of il22 and il22bp mRNA in the gills and intestines was confirmed by in situ hybridizations. Herein, we established IL-22-knockout (KO) medaka using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In the IL-22-KO medaka, a 4-bp deletion caused a frameshift in il22. To investigate the genes subject to IL-22-dependent regulation, we compared the transcripts of larval medaka between wild-type (WT) and IL-22-KO medaka using RNA-seq and qPCR analyses. The comparison was performed not only in the naïve state but also in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-exposed state. At the transcriptional level, 368 genes, including immune genes, such as those encoding AMPs and cytokines, were significantly downregulated in IL-22-KO medaka compared that in WT medaka in naïve states. Gene ontology analysis revealed that upon DSS stimulation, genes associated with cell death, acute inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and others were upregulated in WT medaka. Furthermore, in DSS-stimulated IL-22-KO medaka, wound healing was delayed, the number of apoptotic cells increased, and the number of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium decreased. These results suggested that in medaka, IL-22 is important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and the disruption of the IL-22 pathway is associated with the exacerbation of inflammatory pathology, as observed for mammalian IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Takahashi
- International Course of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yo Okamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nanaki Harada
- International Course of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyanishi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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12
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Bruland T, Østvik AE, Sandvik AK, Hansen MD. Host-Viral Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910851. [PMID: 34639191 PMCID: PMC8509287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing and remitting colonic mucosal inflammation. During the early stages of viral infection, innate immune defenses are activated, leading to the rapid release of cytokines and the subsequent initiation of downstream responses including inflammation. Previously, intestinal viruses were thought to be either detrimental or neutral to the host. However, persisting viruses may have a role as resident commensals and confer protective immunity during inflammation. On the other hand, the dysregulation of gut mucosal immune responses to viruses can trigger excessive, pathogenic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to discuss virus-induced innate immune responses that are at play in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Doré Hansen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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13
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Achasova KM, Kozhevnikova EN, Borisova MA, Litvinova EA. Fucose Ameliorates Tritrichomonas sp.-Associated Illness in Antibiotic-Treated Muc2-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910699. [PMID: 34639039 PMCID: PMC8509520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus layer in the intestine plays a critical role in regulation of host–microbe interactions and maintaining homeostasis. Disruptions of the mucus layer due to genetic, environmental, or immune factors may lead to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD frequently are accompanied with infections, and therefore are treated with antibiotics. Hence, it is important to evaluate risks of antibiotic treatment in individuals with vulnerable gut barrier and chronic inflammation. Mice with a knockout of the Muc2 gene, encoding the main glycoprotein component of the mucus, demonstrate a close contact of the microbes with the gut epithelium which leads to chronic inflammation resembling IBD. Here we demonstrate that the Muc2−/− mice harboring a gut protozoan infection Tritrichomonas sp. are susceptible to an antibiotic-induced depletion of the bacterial microbiota. Suppression of the protozoan infection with efficient metronidazole dosage or L-fucose administration resulted in amelioration of an illness observed in antibiotic-treated Muc2−/− mice. Fucose is a monosaccharide presented abundantly in gut glycoproteins, including Mucin2, and is known to be involved in host–microbe interactions, in particular in microbe adhesion. We suppose that further investigation of the role of fucose in protozoan adhesion to host cells may be of great value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya M. Achasova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (K.M.A.); (E.N.K.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena N. Kozhevnikova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (K.M.A.); (E.N.K.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- The Laboratory of Biotechnology, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, 630039 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariya A. Borisova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina A. Litvinova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia; (K.M.A.); (E.N.K.)
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-923-147-94-64
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14
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Mucolytic bacteria: prevalence in various pathological diseases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:176. [PMID: 34519941 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
All mucins are highly glycosylated and a key constituent of the mucus layer that is vigilant against pathogens in many organ systems of animals and humans. The viscous layer is organized in bilayers, i.e., an outer layer that is loosely arranged, variable in thickness, home to the commensal microbiota that grows in the complex environment, and an innermost layer that is stratified, non-aspirated, firmly adherent to the epithelial cells and devoid of any microorganisms. The O-glycosylation moiety represents the site of adhesion for pathogens and due to the increase of motility, mucolytic activity, and upregulation of virulence factors, some microorganisms can circumvent the component of the mucus layer and cause disruption in organ homeostasis. A dysbiotic microbiome, defective mucus barrier, and altered immune response often result in various diseases. In this review, paramount emphasis is given to the role played by the bacterial species directly or indirectly involved in mucin degradation, alteration in mucus secretion or its composition or mucin gene expression, which instigates many diseases in the digestive, respiratory, and other organ systems. A systematic view can help better understand the etiology of some complex disorders such as cystic fibrosis, ulcerative colitis and expand our knowledge about mucin degraders to develop new therapeutic approaches to correct ill effects caused by these mucin-dwelling pathogens.
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15
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Qin T, Yang J, Huang D, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Chen H, Xu G. DOCK4 stimulates MUC2 production through its effect on goblet cell differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6507-6519. [PMID: 33559155 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is in continuous contact with milliard of microorganisms, thus intestinal epithelial barrier is a critical component in the arsenal of defense mechanisms required to prevent infection and inflammation. Mucin 2 (MUC2), which is produced by the goblet cells, forms the skeleton of the intestinal mucus and protects the intestinal tract from self-digestion and numerous microorganisms. Dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) is a member of the DOCK-B subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. It is reported that DOCK4 plays a critical role in the repair of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium after chemical damage. In this study, the role of DOCK4 in the goblet cell differentiation and MUC2 production is explored. Disordered intestinal epithelium and shortage of goblet cells were observed in DOCK4 gene knockout mice. Furthermore, DOCK4 deletion contributed to the low expression of MUC2 and the goblet cell differentiation/maturation factors including growth factor independent 1 (Gfi1) and SAM pointed domain epithelial-specific transcription factor (Spdef) in mouse ileums and colons. Overexpression of DOCK4 caused a marked increase in Gfi1, Spdef, and MUC2, while siRNA knockdown of endogenous DOCK4 significantly decreased Gfi1, Spdef, and MUC2 in HT-29 cells. In addition, MUC2, DOCK4, and the goblet cell differentiation/maturation factors mRNA levels were decreased in colorectal cancer samples compared with normal colons. A significant positive correlation was found between MUC2 and DOCK4. In conclusion, DOCK4 may serve as a critical regulator of goblet cell differentiation and MUC2 production in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfeng Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dayin Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Tianhe, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Zhu JJ, Yuan D, Sun RJ, Liu SY, Shan NN. Mucin mutations and aberrant expression are associated with the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2020; 194:222-228. [PMID: 33213847 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. In this study, we aimed to identify the mutations and aberrant expression of mucins associated with ITP pathogenesis. METHODS First, we investigated the DNA mutation profile of bone marrow samples from patients with ITP (n = 20) by using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, MUC3A, MUC5B and MUC6 were mutated in all patients with ITP. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) was used to measure MUC3A, MUC5B and MUC6 levels in the plasma of bone marrow fluid mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to study the mRNA expression levels of MUC3A, MUC5B and MUC6 in BMMCs and PBMCs. RESULTS The results indicated that there were 3998 missense mutations involving 2269 genes in more than 10 individuals. MUC3A levels were not significantly different among the three groups, whereas MUC5B and MUC6 expression were significantly down-regulated in patients with ITP compared with healthy controls. In addition, serum MUC5B and MUC6 levels were significantly higher in patients with ITP in clinical remission than in patients with active ITP. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that genetic alterations and the aberrant serum expression of mucins might be involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Shan
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Formiga RDO, Alves Júnior EB, Vasconcelos RC, Guerra GCB, Antunes de Araújo A, de Carvalho TG, Garcia VB, de Araújo Junior RF, Gadelha FAAF, Vieira GC, Sobral MV, Barbosa Filho JM, Spiller F, Batista LM. p-Cymene and Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation Upkeeping ZO-1 and MUC-2: Role of Antioxidant System and Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5870. [PMID: 32824269 PMCID: PMC7461622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p-Cymene (p-C) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are secondary metabolites that are present in medicinal herbs and Mediterranean spices that have promising anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate their intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model in rats. p-C and RA (25-200 mg/kg) oral administration reduced the macroscopic lesion score, ulcerative area, intestinal weight/length ratio, and diarrheal index in TNBS-treated animals. Both compounds (200 mg/kg) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), restored glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced fluorescence intensity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). They also decreased interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and maintained IL-10 basal levels. Furthermore, they modulated T cell populations (cluster of differentiation (CD)4+, CD8+, or CD3+CD4+CD25+) analyzed from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and colon samples, and also decreased cyclooxigenase 2 (COX-2), interferon (IFN)-γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B subunit p65 (NFκB-p65) mRNA transcription, but only p-C interfered in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in inflamed colons. An increase in gene expression and positive cells immunostained for mucin type 2 (MUC-2) and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) was observed. Altogether, these results indicate intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of p-C and RA involving the cytoprotection of the intestinal barrier, maintaining the mucus layer, and preserving communicating junctions, as well as through modulation of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Oliveira Formiga
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Roseane Carvalho Vasconcelos
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (R.C.V); (G.C.B.G.); (A.A.d.A.)
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (R.C.V); (G.C.B.G.); (A.A.d.A.)
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (R.C.V); (G.C.B.G.); (A.A.d.A.)
| | - Thaís Gomes de Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (V.B.G.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Vinícius Barreto Garcia
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (V.B.G.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Junior
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, Brazil; (T.G.d.C.); (V.B.G.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Francisco Allysson Assis Ferreira Gadelha
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
| | - Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88037-000, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051970, Brazil; (R.d.O.F); (E.B.A.J.); (F.A.A.F.G.); (G.C.V.); (M.V.S.); (J.M.B.F.)
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18
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Kiu R, Treveil A, Harnisch LC, Caim S, Leclaire C, van Sinderen D, Korcsmaros T, Hall LJ. Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 Induces a Distinct Global Transcriptomic Program in Neonatal Murine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101336. [PMID: 32683312 PMCID: PMC7371750 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying health-driving mechanisms of Bifidobacterium during early life are not well understood, particularly how this microbiota member may modulate the intestinal barrier via programming of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We investigated the impact of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 on the transcriptome of neonatal murine IECs. Small IECs from two-week-old neonatal mice administered B. breve UCC2003 or PBS (control) were subjected to global RNA sequencing, and differentially expressed genes, pathways, and affected cell types were determined. We observed extensive regulation of the IEC transcriptome with ∼4,000 genes significantly up-regulated, including key genes linked with epithelial barrier function. Enrichment of cell differentiation pathways was observed, along with an overrepresentation of stem cell marker genes, indicating an increase in the regenerative potential of the epithelial layer. In conclusion, B. breve UCC2003 plays a central role in driving intestinal epithelium homeostatic development during early life and suggests future avenues for next-stage clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kiu
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Agatha Treveil
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Lukas C Harnisch
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Charlotte Leclaire
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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19
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Kim JH, Ahn JB, Kim DH, Kim S, Ma HW, Che X, Seo DH, Kim TI, Kim WH, Cheon JH, Kim SW. Glutathione S-transferase theta 1 protects against colitis through goblet cell differentiation via interleukin-22. FASEB J 2020; 34:3289-3304. [PMID: 31916636 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902421r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) is involved in detoxifying chemicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we provide a significant insight into the role of GSTT1 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We identified decreased expression of GSTT1 in inflamed colons from IBD patients compared to controls. We intrarectally or intraperitoneally delivered Gstt1 gene to mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and noted attenuation of colitis through gene transfer of Gstt1 via an IL-22 dependent pathway. Downregulation of GSTT1 by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of microbes reduced innate defense responses and goblet cell differentiation. The GSTT1 mutation in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and IBD patients decreased its dimerization, which was connected to insufficient phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase by their common activator, IL-22. GSTT1 ameliorated colitis and contributed as a modulator of goblet cells through sensing pathogens and host immune responses. Its mutations are linked to chronic intestinal inflammation due to its insufficient dimerization. Our results provide new insights into GSTT1 mutations that are linked to chronic intestinal inflammation due to its insufficient dimerization and their functional consequences in IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soochan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiumei Che
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Ruiz HH, Becker S, Bai Y, Cortes-Burgos LA, Eckersdorff MM, Macdonald LE, Croll SD. Pharmacological inhibition of NPY receptors illustrates dissociable features of experimental colitis in the mouse DSS model: Implications for preclinical evaluation of efficacy in an inflammatory bowel disease model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220156. [PMID: 31369588 PMCID: PMC6675069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to rodents at varying concentrations and exposure times is commonly used to model human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Currently, the criteria used to assess IBD-like pathology seldom include surrogate measures of visceral pain. Thus, we sought to standardize the model and then identify surrogate measures to assess effects on visceral pain. We used various 4% DSS protocols and evaluated effects on weight loss, colon pathology, biochemistry, RNA signature, and open field behavior. We then tested the therapeutic potential of NPY Y1 and/or Y2 receptor inhibition for the treatment of IBD pathology using this expanded panel of outcome measures. DSS caused weight loss and colon shrinkage, increased colon NPY and inflammatory cytokine expression, altered behaviors in the open field and induced a distinct gene metasignature that significantly overlapped with that of human IBD patients. Inhibition of Y1 and/or Y2 receptors failed to improve gross colon pathology. Y1 antagonism significantly attenuated colon inflammatory cytokine expression without altering pain-associated behaviors while Y2 antagonism significantly inhibited pain-associated behaviors in spite of a limited effect on inflammatory markers. A protocol using 7 days of 4% DSS most closely modeled human IBD pathology. In this model, rearing behavior potentially represents a tool for evaluating visceral pain/discomfort that may be pharmacologically dissociable from other features of pathology. The finding that two different NPY receptor antagonists exhibited different efficacy profiles highlights the benefit of including a variety of outcome measures in IBD efficacy studies to most fully evaluate the therapeutic potential of experimental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry H. Ruiz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Neuroscience, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Graduate Program in Neuropsychology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Becker
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Neuroscience, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Neuroscience, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Luz A. Cortes-Burgos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Neuroscience, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Lynn E. Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Neuroscience, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan D. Croll
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Neuroscience, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Graduate Program in Neuropsychology, New York, New York, United States of America
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Psychology, Flushing, New York, United States of America
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21
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Hayashi I, Kanda S, Lamaningao P, Mishima N, Nishiyama T. Shared expression of mucin12 in Ascaris lumbricoides and the human small intestine. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 227:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Wang R, Wang L, Luo Y, Wang D, Du R, Du J, Wang Y. Maggot protein ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181799. [PMID: 30393231 PMCID: PMC6259012 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Maggots are known as a traditional Chinese medicine named as 'wu gu chong'. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of the maggot protein on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, female C57BL/6 mice were given sterile water containing 3% DSS to establish the model of UC. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (sterile water), model group (DSS), treatment group (DSS + maggot protein), mesalazine group (DSS + mesalazine), and maggot protein group (sterile water + maggot protein). The mental state, defecate traits, and changes in body weights were recorded daily. The disease activity index (DAI) as a disease severity criterion was calculated based on body weights and stool consistency and bleeding. All the mice were killed on the 12th day. Colon length, colon histological changes, and other inflammatory factors were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that colitis models of mice were established successfully. Administration of maggot protein markedly suppressed the severity of UC compared with the DSS model group. Furthermore, maggot protein potently ameliorated DSS-induced weight loss, colon shortening, and colon histological injury. Moreover, the maggot protein exerted anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the activation of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway. In summary, treatment by maggot protein was able to improve not only the symptoms of colitis, but also the microscopic inflammation in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The present study may have implications for developing an effective therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yongzheng Luo
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing, 210089, China
| | - Daojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ronghui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiancheng Du
- Jiangsu Yicheng Bio Technology Co., Ltd., Nantong 226000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Chaudhary A, Kamischke C, Leite M, Altura MA, Kinman L, Kulasekara H, Blanc MP, Wang G, Terhorst C, Miller SI. β-Barrel outer membrane proteins suppress mTORC2 activation and induce autophagic responses. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/558/eaat7493. [PMID: 30482849 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and mitochondria contain proteins with a distinct β-barrel tertiary structure that could function as a molecular pattern recognized by the innate immune system. Here, we report that purified outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from different bacterial and mitochondrial sources triggered the induction of autophagy-related endosomal acidification, LC3B lipidation, and p62 degradation. Furthermore, OMPs reduced the phosphorylation and therefore activation of the multiprotein complex mTORC2 and its substrate Akt in macrophages and epithelial cells. The cell surface receptor SlamF8 and the DNA-protein kinase subunit XRCC6 were required for these OMP-specific responses in macrophages and epithelial cells, respectively. The addition of OMPs to mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with Salmonella Typhimurium facilitated bacterial clearance. These data identify a specific cellular response mediated by bacterial and mitochondrial OMPs that can alter inflammatory responses and influence the killing of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cassandra Kamischke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mara Leite
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Melissa A Altura
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Loren Kinman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hemantha Kulasekara
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel I Miller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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24
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Tao S, Sun Q, Cai L, Geng Y, Hua C, Ni Y, Zhao R. Caspase-1-dependent mechanism mediating the harmful impacts of the quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone on the intestinal cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3621-3633. [PMID: 30471106 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), a quorum-sensing (QS) molecule produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, adversly impacts host cells. Our previous study demonstrated that 3-oxo-C12-HSL induced a decrease in cell viability via cell apoptosis and eventually disrupted mucin synthesis from LS174T goblet cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying cell apoptosis and whether pyroptosis was involved in this process are still unknown. In this study, we emphasized on the caspases signal pathway and sterile inflammation to reveal the harmful effects of 3-oxo-C12-HSL on LS174T goblet cells. Our data showed that 3-oxo-C12-HSL is a major inducer of oxidative stress indicated by a high level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, TQ416, an inhibitor of paraoxonase 2, can effectively block oxidative stress. A higher ROS level is the trigger for activating the caspase-1 and 3 cascade signal pathways. Blockade of ROS synthesis and caspase-1 and 3 cascades can obviously rescue the viability of LS174T cells after 3-oxo-C12-HSL treatment. We also found that paralleled with a higher level of ROS and caspases activation, an abnormal expression of proinflammatory cytokines was induced by 3-oxo-C12-HSL treatment; however, the blockage of TLRs-NF-κB pathway cannot restore cell viability and secretary function. These data collectively indicate that 3-oxo-C12-HSL exposure induces damages to cell viability and secretary function of LS174T goblet cells, which is mediated by oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and sterile inflammation. Overall, the data in this study will provide a better understanding of the harmful impacts of some QS molecules on host cells and their underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Gurry T, Gibbons SM, Nguyen LTT, Kearney SM, Ananthakrishnan A, Jiang X, Duvallet C, Kassam Z, Alm EJ. Predictability and persistence of prebiotic dietary supplementation in a healthy human cohort. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12699. [PMID: 30139999 PMCID: PMC6107591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions to manipulate the human gut microbiome for improved health have received increasing attention. However, their design has been limited by a lack of understanding of the quantitative impact of diet on a host’s microbiota. We present a highly controlled diet perturbation experiment in a healthy, human cohort in which individual micronutrients are spiked in against a standardized background. We identify strong and predictable responses of specific microbes across participants consuming prebiotic spike-ins, at the level of both strains and functional genes, suggesting fine-scale resource partitioning in the human gut. No predictable responses to non-prebiotic micronutrients were found. Surprisingly, we did not observe decreases in day-to-day variability of the microbiota compared to a complex, varying diet, and instead found evidence of diet-induced stress and an associated loss of biodiversity. Our data offer insights into the effect of a low complexity diet on the gut microbiome, and suggest that effective personalized dietary interventions will rely on functional, strain-level characterization of a patient’s microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gurry
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Sean M Gibbons
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Le Thanh Tu Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sean M Kearney
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ashwin Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Claire Duvallet
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zain Kassam
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,OpenBiome, Somerville, MA, 02143, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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26
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Thomazini BF, Dolder MAH. Effect of 60 and 90 days of isotretinoin treatment on the structure of the small intestine mucosa in young male Wistar rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2018; 10:45-51. [PMID: 30123036 PMCID: PMC6096859 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotretinoin is a substance used in cases of severe acne and acne resistant to other treatments. This skin disease affects patients of all ages and can interfere with social life, especially in adolescents. The drug acts by suppressing sebaceous gland activity and creating an inhospitable environment for Propionibacterium acne. The integrity of the small intestine is important for correct nutrition and patient treatment. We intended to assess the small intestine structure after treatment with 5 mg/kg isotretinoin solution and after a period without the drug, which could be considered a rest period. Young male Wistar rats (n=24) were separated into 4 groups (n=6): C: water; D0: soybean oil; D5a: 5 mg/kg; D5b: 5 mg/kg for 60 days followed by 30 days of rest period. Soybean oil was used to dilute the drug and it was offered daily by gavage. The animals were euthanized and the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected for analysis with light and scanning electron microscopy. The treatment stimulated tissue proliferation in the jejunum and ileum but had no significant effect in the duodenum. The results also showed a modification in goblet cell frequency in the duodenum and ileum. A further finding was that some modifications disappeared during the rest period. The protocol showed that the small intestine was somewhat altered by the treatment yet no lasting damage was caused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Fontana Thomazini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Mary Anne Heidi Dolder
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas - SP, Brazil
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27
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Wan MLY, Chen Z, Shah NP, El-Nezami H. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Cell-Free Supernatants on Modulation of Mucin and Cytokine Secretion on Human Intestinal Epithelial HT29-MTX Cells. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1999-2007. [PMID: 29863797 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined modulation effects of cell-free supernatants of two commonly studied probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on mucin and cytokine profiles of human intestinal epithelial HT29-MTX cells. It was found that LGG and EcN supernatants differentially modulated MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA and protein, and total mucin-like glycoprotein secretion. Regarding modulation of cytokine profiles, LGG supernatants moderately influenced the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10, while those of EcN exerted a broad proinflammatory effect to intestinal epithelial cells by inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, transforming growth factor α, tumor necrosis factor α, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon γ. These results suggested that LGG and EcN might produce different bioactive products that display differential modulation of mucin and cytokines, which may contribute to intestinal health and/or defense against bacteria/pathogens. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The results suggested that LGG and EcN might produce different bioactive products that display differential modulation of mucin and cytokines, which may contribute to intestinal health and/or defense against bacteria/pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murphy Lam-Yim Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhijian Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Inst. of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Univ. of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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28
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Jang H, Park S, Lee J, Myung JK, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Myung H, Lee C, Kim H, Lee SS, Jin YW, Shim S. Rebamipide alleviates radiation-induced colitis through improvement of goblet cell differentiation in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:878-886. [PMID: 29047150 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Radiation-induced colitis is a common clinical problem associated with radiotherapy and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation. Goblet cells play a pivotal role in the intestinal barrier against pathogenic bacteria. Rebamipide, an anti-gastric ulcer drug, has the effects to promote goblet cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiation-induced colonic injury could be alleviated by rebamipide. METHODS This study orally administered rebamipide for 6 days to mice, which were subjected to 13 Gy abdominal irradiation, to evaluate the therapeutic effects of rebamipide against radiation-induced colitis. To confirm the effects of rebamipide on irradiated colonic epithelial cells, this study used the HT29 cell line. RESULTS Rebamipide clearly alleviated the acute radiation-induced colitis, as reflected by the histopathological data, and significantly increased the number of goblet cells. The drug also inhibited intestinal inflammation and protected from bacterial translocation during acute radiation-induced colitis. Furthermore, rebamipide significantly increased mucin 2 expression in both the irradiated mouse colon and human colonic epithelial cells. Additionally, rebamipide accelerated not only the recovery of defective tight junctions but also the differentiation of impaired goblet cells in an irradiated colonic epithelium, which indicates that rebamipide has beneficial effects on the colon. CONCLUSIONS Rebamipide is a therapeutic candidate for radiation-induced colitis, owing to its ability to inhibit inflammation and protect the colonic epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Janet Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsun Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Allaire JM, Morampudi V, Crowley SM, Stahl M, Yu H, Bhullar K, Knodler LA, Bressler B, Jacobson K, Vallance BA. Frontline defenders: goblet cell mediators dictate host-microbe interactions in the intestinal tract during health and disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G360-G377. [PMID: 29122749 PMCID: PMC5899238 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00181.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cells (GCs) are the predominant secretory epithelial cells lining the luminal surface of the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Best known for their apical release of mucin 2 (Muc2), which is critical for the formation of the intestinal mucus barrier, GCs have often been overlooked for their active contributions to intestinal protection and host defense. In part, this oversight reflects the limited tools available to study their function but also because GCs have long been viewed as relatively passive players in promoting intestinal homeostasis and host defense. In light of recent studies, this perspective has shifted, as current evidence suggests that Muc2 as well as other GC mediators are actively released into the lumen to defend the host when the GI tract is challenged by noxious stimuli. The ability of GCs to sense and respond to danger signals, such as bacterial pathogens, has recently been linked to inflammasome signaling, potentially intrinsic to the GCs themselves. Moreover, further work suggests that GCs release Muc2, as well as other mediators, to modulate the composition of the gut microbiome, leading to both the expansion as well as the depletion of specific gut microbes. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which GCs actively defend the host from noxious stimuli, as well as describe advanced technologies and new approaches by which their responses can be addressed. Taken together, we will highlight current insights into this understudied, yet critical, aspect of intestinal mucosal protection and its role in promoting gut defense and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannie M. Allaire
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vijay Morampudi
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shauna M. Crowley
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Stahl
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongbing Yu
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirandeep Bhullar
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leigh A. Knodler
- 2Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Brian Bressler
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Taman H, Fenton CG, Hensel IV, Anderssen E, Florholmen J, Paulssen RH. Transcriptomic Landscape of Treatment-Naïve Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:327-336. [PMID: 29040430 PMCID: PMC6290885 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a chronic inflammatory disease that effects the gastrointestinal tract and is considered one of the most prominent and common forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. This study aimed to define and describe the entire transcriptomic landscape in a well-stratified, treatment-naïve UC patient population compared with control patients by using next-generation technology, RNA-Seq. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from treatment-naïve UC patients [n = 14], and healthy controls [n = 16] underwent RNA-Seq. Principal component analysis [PCA], cell deconvolution methods, and diverse statistical methods were applied to obtain and characterise a dataset of significantly differentially expressed genes [DEGs]. RESULTS Analyses revealed 1480 significantly DEGs in treatment-naïve UC when compared with controls. Cell populations of monocytes, T cells, neutrophils, B cells/ lymphoid cells, and myeloid cells were increased during inflammation, whereas the fraction of epithelial cells were reduced in UC, which is reflected by the DEGs; 79 DEGs were identified as IBD susceptibility genes, and 58 DEGs were expressed in a gender-specific manner. MUC5B, REG3A, DEFA5, and IL33 might be considered as colorectal cancer [CRC] risk factors following UC in males. AQP9 together with CLDN2 may have a role regulating tissue-specific physiological properties in tight junctions in UC. An additional functional role for AQP9 in the synthesis and/or the function of mucus can be implied. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals new potential players in UC pathogenesis in general, and provides evidence for a gender-dependent pathogenesis for UC. These results can be useful for the development of personalised treatment strategies for UC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Taman
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher G Fenton
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inga V Hensel
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Endre Anderssen
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth H Paulssen
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Corresponding author: Ruth H. Paulssen, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Health, Sykehusveien 38, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway. Tel.: +47 77 64 54 80;
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Hosu O, Tertiș M, Melinte G, Feier B, Săndulescu R, Cristea C. Mucin 4 detection with a label-free electrochemical immunosensor. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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van Putten JPM, Strijbis K. Transmembrane Mucins: Signaling Receptors at the Intersection of Inflammation and Cancer. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:281-299. [PMID: 28052300 DOI: 10.1159/000453594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces line our body cavities and provide the interaction surface between commensal and pathogenic microbiota and the host. The barrier function of the mucosal layer is largely maintained by gel-forming mucin proteins that are secreted by goblet cells. In addition, mucosal epithelial cells express cell-bound mucins that have both barrier and signaling functions. The family of transmembrane mucins consists of diverse members that share a few characteristics. The highly glycosylated extracellular mucin domains inhibit invasion by pathogenic bacteria and can form a tight mesh structure that protects cells in harmful conditions. The intracellular tails of transmembrane mucins can be phosphorylated and connect to signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, cell-cell interactions, differentiation, and apoptosis. Transmembrane mucins play important roles in preventing infection at mucosal surfaces, but are also renowned for their contributions to the development, progression, and metastasis of adenocarcinomas. In general, transmembrane mucins seem to have evolved to monitor and repair damaged epithelia, but these functions can be highjacked by cancer cells to yield a survival advantage. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge of the functions of transmembrane mucins in inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis in order to better understand the diverse functions of these multifunctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos P M van Putten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Holota YV, Olefir YA, Dovbynchuk TV, Tolstanova GM. Carbohydrate composition of rat intestine surface mucus layer after ceftriaxone treatment. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 88:35-44. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Tao S, Luo Y, Bin He, Liu J, Qian X, Ni Y, Zhao R. Paraoxonase 2 modulates a proapoptotic function in LS174T cells in response to quorum sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28778. [PMID: 27364593 PMCID: PMC4929476 DOI: 10.1038/srep28778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A mucus layer coats the gastrointestinal tract and serves as the first line of intestinal defense against infection. N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing molecules produced by gram-negative bacteria in the gut can influence the homeostasis of intestinal epithelium. In this study, we investigated the effects of two representative long- and short-chain AHLs, N-3-(oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) and N-butyryl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), on cell viability and mucus secretion in LS174T cells. C12-HSL but not C4-HSL significantly decreased cell viability by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and activating cell apoptosis which led to a decrease in mucin expression. Pretreatment with lipid raft disruptor (Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, MβCD) and oxidative stress inhibitor (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) slightly rescued the viability of cells damaged by C12-HSL exposure, while the paraoxonase 2 (PON2) inhibitor (Triazolo[4,3-a]quinolone, TQ416) significantly affected recovering cells viability and mucin secretion. When LS174T cells were treated with C12-HSL and TQ416 simultaneously, TQ416 showed the maximal positive effect on cells viability. However, if cells were first treated with C12-HSL for 40 mins, and then TQ46 was added, the TQ416 had no effect on cell viability. These results suggest that the C12-HSL-acid process acts at an early step to activate apoptosis as part of C12-HSL’s effect on intestinal mucus barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05452, USA
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology &Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Mo JS, Alam KJ, Kim HS, Lee YM, Yun KJ, Chae SC. MicroRNA 429 Regulates Mucin Gene Expression and Secretion in Murine Model of Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:837-49. [PMID: 26818658 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS miRNAs are non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases by regulating target gene expression in specific cells or tissues. We aimed to detect miRNAs related to ulcerative colitis [UC], identify their target molecules, and analyse the correlation between the miRNAs and their target genes in colorectal cells and dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced mouse colitis. METHODS UC-associated miRNAs were identified by miRNA microarray analysis using DSS-induced colitis and normal colon tissues. The results were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]. We identified target genes of MIR429, a colitis-associated miRNA, from our screen by comparing the mRNA microarray analysis in MIR429-overexpressed cells with predicted candidate target genes. We constructed luciferase reporter plasmids to confirm the effect of MIR429 on target gene expression. The protein expression of the target genes was measured by western blot,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] analysis, or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We identified 37 DSS-induced colitis associated miRNAs. We investigated MIR429 that is down-regulated in DSS-induced colitis, and identified 41 target genes of MIR429. We show that the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate [MARCKS] is a direct target of MIR429. MARCKS mRNA and protein expression levels are down-regulated by MIR429, and MIR429 regulates the expression of MARCKS and MARCKS-mediated mucin secretion in colorectal cells and DSS-induced colitis. In addition, anti-MIR429 up-regulates MARCKS expression in colorectal cell lines. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MIR429 modulates mucin secretion in human colorectal cells and mouse colitis tissues by up-regulating of MARCKS expression, thereby making MIR429 a candidate for anti-colitis therapy in human UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Mo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Khondoker Jahengir Alam
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Cheon Chae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Effect of a Semi-Purified Oligosaccharide-Enriched Fraction from Caprine Milk on Barrier Integrity and Mucin Production of Co-Culture Models of the Small and Large Intestinal Epithelium. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050267. [PMID: 27164134 PMCID: PMC4882680 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprine milk contains the highest amount of oligosaccharides among domestic animals, which are structurally similar to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). This suggests caprine milk oligosaccharides may offer similar protective and developmental effects to that of HMOs. However, to date, studies using oligosaccharides from caprine milk have been limited. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impact of a caprine milk oligosaccharide-enriched fraction (CMOF) on barrier function of epithelial cell co-cultures of absorptive enterocytes (Caco-2 cells) and mucus-secreting goblet cells (HT29-MTX cells), that more closely simulate the cell proportions found in the small (90:10) and large intestine (75:25). Treatment of epithelial co-cultures with 0.4, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/mL of CMOF was shown to have no effect on metabolic activity but did enhance cell epithelial barrier integrity as measured by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), in a dose-dependent manner. The CMOF at the maximum concentration tested (4.0 mg/mL) enhanced TEER, mucin gene expression and mucin protein abundance of epithelial co-cultures, all of which are essential components of intestinal barrier function.
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Li YH, Zhang M, Xiao HT, Fu HB, Ho A, Lin CY, Huang Y, Lin G, Bian ZX. Addition of Berberine to 5-Aminosalicylic Acid for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Chronic Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144101. [PMID: 26642326 PMCID: PMC4671595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine berberine has received massive attention for its potential in UC treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of berberine are becoming attractive as novel therapies in UC. In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) therapy plus berberine in experimental colitis. A subclinical dose of 5-ASA (200 mg/kg/day) alone or 5-ASA plus berberine (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 mice with colitis induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential toxicity of colitis mice were examined. The results showed that comparing to 5-ASA alone, 5-ASA plus berberine more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, colon shortening, and colon histological injury. Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic TNF-α as well as NFκB and JAK2 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with 5-ASA alone. Moreover, the addition of berberine to 5-ASA more significantly inhibited lymphocyte TNF-α secretion of DSS mice than 5-ASA alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential toxicity to major organs of colitis mice was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of berberine to 5-ASA as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hong Li
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-tao Xiao
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai-bo Fu
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan Ho
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-yuan Lin
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao-xiang Bian
- Lab of Brain and Gut Research, Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Research Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Exploring the role and diversity of mucins in health and disease with special insight into non-communicable diseases. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:575-613. [PMID: 26239922 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are major glycoprotein components of the mucus that coats the surfaces of cells lining the respiratory, digestive, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. They function to protect epithelial cells from infection, dehydration and physical or chemical injury, as well as to aid the passage of materials through a tract i.e., lubrication. They are also implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant diseases of secretory epithelial cells. In Human there are two types of mucins, membrane-bound and secreted that are originated from mucous producing goblet cells localized in the epithelial cell layer or in mucous producing glands and encoded by MUC gene. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous family of high molecular weight proteins composed of a long peptidic chain with a large number of tandem repeats that form the so-called mucin domain. The molecular weight is generally high, ranging between 0.2 and 10 million Dalton and all mucins contain one or more domains which are highly glycosylated. The size and number of repeats vary between mucins and the genetic polymorphism represents number of repeats (VNTR polymorphisms), which means the size of individual mucins can differ substantially between individuals which can be used as markers. In human it is only MUC1 and MUC7 that have mucin domains with less than 40% serine and threonine which in turn could reduce number of PTS domains. Mucins can be considered as powerful two-edged sword, as its normal function protects from unwanted substances and organisms at an arm's length while, malfunction of mucus may be an important factor in human diseases. In this review we have unearthed the current status of different mucin proteins in understanding its role and function in various non-communicable diseases in human with special reference to its organ specific locations. The findings described in this review may be of direct relevance to the major research area in biomedicine with reference to mucin and mucin associated diseases.
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Allais L, Kerckhof FM, Verschuere S, Bracke KR, De Smet R, Laukens D, Van den Abbeele P, De Vos M, Boon N, Brusselle GG, Cuvelier CA, Van de Wiele T. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure induces microbial and inflammatory shifts and mucin changes in the murine gut. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:1352-63. [PMID: 26033517 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex multifactorial diseases characterized by an inappropriate host response to an altered commensal microbiome and dysfunctional mucus barrier. Cigarette smoking is the best known environmental risk factor in IBD. Here, we studied the influence of chronic smoke exposure on the gut microbiome, mucus layer composition and immune factors in conventional mice. We compared smoke-exposed with air-exposed mice (n = 12) after a smoke exposure of 24 weeks. Both Illumina sequencing (n = 6) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (n = 12) showed that bacterial activity and community structure were significantly altered in the colon due to smoke exposure. Interestingly, an increase of Lachnospiraceae sp. activity in the colon was observed. Also, the mRNA expression of Muc2 and Muc3 increased in the ileum, whereas Muc4 increased in the distal colon of smoke-exposed mice (n = 6). Furthermore, we observed increased Cxcl2 and decreased Ifn-γ in the ileum, and increased Il-6 and decreased Tgf-β in the proximal colon. Tight junction gene expression remained unchanged. We infer that the modulating role of chronic smoke exposure as a latently present risk factor in the gut may be driven by the altered epithelial mucus profiles and changes in microbiome composition and immune factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Allais
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca De Smet
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine De Vos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude A Cuvelier
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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McCauley HA, Guasch G. Three cheers for the goblet cell: maintaining homeostasis in mucosal epithelia. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:492-503. [PMID: 26144290 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many organs throughout the body maintain epithelial homeostasis by employing a mucosal barrier which acts as a lubricant and helps to preserve a near-sterile epithelium. Goblet cells are largely responsible for secreting components of this mucosal barrier and represent a major cellular component of the innate defense system. In this review we summarize what is known about the signaling pathways that control goblet cell differentiation in the intestine, the lung, and the ocular surface, and we discuss a novel functional role for goblet cells in mucosal epithelial immunology. We highlight the cell type-specificity of the circuitry regulating goblet cell differentiation and shed light on how changes to these pathways lead to altered goblet cell function, a prominent feature of mucosa-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Géraldine Guasch
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, UM 105, 13009, Marseille, France.
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Engevik MA, Yacyshyn MB, Engevik KA, Wang J, Darien B, Hassett DJ, Yacyshyn BR, Worrell RT. Human Clostridium difficile infection: altered mucus production and composition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G510-24. [PMID: 25552581 PMCID: PMC4422372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The majority of antibiotic-induced diarrhea is caused by Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). Hospitalizations for C. difficile infection (CDI) have tripled in the last decade, emphasizing the need to better understand how the organism colonizes the intestine and maintain infection. The mucus provides an interface for bacterial-host interactions and changes in intestinal mucus have been linked host health. To assess mucus production and composition in healthy and CDI patients, the main mucins MUC1 and MUC2 and mucus oligosaccharides were examined. Compared with healthy subjects, CDI patients demonstrated decreased MUC2 with no changes in surface MUC1. Although MUC1 did not change at the level of the epithelia, MUC1 was the primary constituent of secreted mucus in CDI patients. CDI mucus also exhibited decreased N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), increased N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), and increased terminal galactose residues. Increased galactose in CDI specimens is of particular interest since terminal galactose sugars are known as C. difficile toxin A receptor in animals. In vitro, C. difficile is capable of metabolizing fucose, mannose, galactose, GlcNAc, and GalNAc for growth under healthy stool conditions (low Na(+) concentration, pH 6.0). Injection of C. difficile into human intestinal organoids (HIOs) demonstrated that C. difficile alone is sufficient to reduce MUC2 production but is not capable of altering host mucus oligosaccharide composition. We also demonstrate that C. difficile binds preferentially to mucus extracted from CDI patients compared with healthy subjects. Our results provide insight into a mechanism of C. difficile colonization and may provide novel target(s) for the development of alternative therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Mary Beth Yacyshyn
- 3Department of Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Kristen A. Engevik
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Jiang Wang
- 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Benjamin Darien
- 5Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Daniel J. Hassett
- 2Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio;
| | - Bruce R. Yacyshyn
- 3Department of Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,6Digestive Health Center of Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Roger T. Worrell
- 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; ,6Digestive Health Center of Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Zhou Y, Rychahou P, Wang Q, Weiss HL, Evers BM. TSC2/mTORC1 signaling controls Paneth and goblet cell differentiation in the intestinal epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1631. [PMID: 25654764 PMCID: PMC4669793 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Notch signaling is critical for the control of intestinal stem cell maintenance and differentiation. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the regulation of differentiation are not fully understood. Previously, we have shown that tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) positively regulates the expression of the goblet cell differentiation marker, MUC2, in intestinal cells. Using transgenic mice constitutively expressing a dominant negative TSC2 allele, we observed that TSC2 inactivation increased mTORC1 and Notch activities, and altered differentiation throughout the intestinal epithelium, with a marked decrease in the goblet and Paneth cell lineages. Conversely, treatment of mice with either Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) or mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin significantly attenuated the reduction of goblet and Paneth cells. Accordingly, knockdown of TSC2 activated, whereas knockdown of mTOR or treatment with rapamycin decreased, the activity of Notch signaling in the intestinal cell line LS174T. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that TSC2/mTORC1 signaling contributes to the maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis by regulating Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - P Rychahou
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Q Wang
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B M Evers
- 1] Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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43
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Kolli CS, Pather I. Characterization Methods for Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7558-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Intestinal barrier function and the brain-gut axis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 817:73-113. [PMID: 24997030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The luminal-mucosal interface of the intestinal tract is the first relevant location where microorganism-derived antigens and all other potentially immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the powerful mammalian immune system. Upon regular functioning conditions, the intestinal barrier is able to effectively prevent most environmental and external antigens to interact openly with the numerous and versatile elements that compose the mucosal-associated immune system. This evolutionary super system is capable of processing an astonishing amount of antigens and non-immunogenic particles, approximately 100 tons in one individual lifetime, only considering food-derived components. Most important, to develop oral tolerance and proper active immune responses needed to prevent disease and inflammation, this giant immunogenic load has to be managed in a way that physiological inflammatory balance is constantly preserved. Adequate functioning of the intestinal barrier involves local and distant regulatory networks integrating the so-called brain-gut axis. Along this complex axis both brain and gut structures participate in the processing and execution of response signals to external and internal changes coming from the digestive tract, using multidirectional pathways to communicate. Dysfunction of brain-gut axis facilitates malfunctioning of the intestinal barrier, and vice versa, increasing the risk of uncontrolled immunological reactions that may trigger mucosal and brain low-grade inflammation, a putative first step to the initiation of more permanent gut disorders. In this chapter, we describe the structure, function and interactions of intestinal barrier, microbiota and brain-gut axis in both healthy and pathological conditions.
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Elamin E, Masclee A, Troost F, Dekker J, Jonkers D. Cytotoxicity and metabolic stress induced by acetaldehyde in human intestinal LS174T goblet-like cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G286-94. [PMID: 24904079 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00103.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence indicating that ethanol and its oxidative metabolite acetaldehyde can disrupt intestinal barrier function. Apart from the tight junctions, mucins secreted by goblet cells provide an effective barrier. Ethanol has been shown to induce goblet cell injury associated with alterations in mucin glycosylation. However, effects of its most injurious metabolite acetaldehyde remain largely unknown. This study aimed to assess short-term effects of acetaldehyde (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM) on functional characteristics of intestinal goblet-like cells (LS174T). Oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, ATP, and intramitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) were assessed by dichlorofluorescein, methyltetrazolium, and bioluminescence, MitoTracker green and rhod-2 double-labeling. Membrane integrity and apoptosis were evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), caspase 3/7, and cleavage of cytokeratin 18 (CK18). Expression of mucin 2 (MUC2) was determined by cell-based ELISA. Acetaldehyde significantly increased reactive oxygen species generation and decreased mitochondrial function compared with negative controls (P < 0.05). In addition, acetaldehyde dose-dependently decreased ATP levels and induced intramitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation compared with negative controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, acetaldehyde induced LDH release and increased caspase3/7 activity and percentage of cells expressing cleaved CK18 and increased MUC2 protein expression compared with negative controls (P < 0.0001). ATP depletion and LDH release could be largely prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, suggesting a pivotal role for oxidative stress. Our data demonstrate that acetaldehyde has distinct oxidant-dependent metabolic and cytotoxic effects on LS174T cells that can lead to induction of cellular apoptosis. These effects may contribute to acetaldehyde-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and subsequently to liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elhaseen Elamin
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism of Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Ad Masclee
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism of Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Freddy Troost
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism of Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Jan Dekker
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism of Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; and
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Zhou Y, Wang Q, Weiss HL, Evers BM. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 increases intestinal goblet cell differentiation through an mTOR/Notch signaling pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2882-90. [PMID: 25057011 PMCID: PMC4161521 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates a role for nuclear factor of activated T-cell 5 (NFAT5) in the regulation of mTOR signaling in intestinal cells, which suggests that NFAT5 participates in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis via suppression of the mTORC1/Notch signaling pathway. The intestinal mucosa undergoes a continual process of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Previously, we have shown that the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) is involved in the regulation of intestinal enterocyte differentiation. Here we show that treatment with sodium chloride (NaCl), which activates NFAT5 signaling, increased mTORC1 repressor regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) protein expression and inhibited mTOR signaling; these alterations were attenuated by knockdown of NFAT5. Knockdown of NFAT5 activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and significantly inhibited REDD1 mRNA expression and protein expression. Consistently, overexpression of NFAT5 increased REDD1 expression. In addition, knockdown of REDD1 activated mTOR and Notch signaling, whereas treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin repressed Notch signaling and increased the expression of the goblet cell differentiation marker mucin 2 (MUC2). Moreover, knockdown of NFAT5 activated Notch signaling and decreased MUC2 expression, while overexpression of NFAT5 inhibited Notch signaling and increased MUC2 expression. Our results demonstrate a role for NFAT5 in the regulation of mTOR signaling in intestinal cells. Importantly, these data suggest that NFAT5 participates in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis via the suppression of mTORC1/Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Qingding Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Antoni L, Nuding S, Wehkamp J, Stange EF. Intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1165-1179. [PMID: 24574793 PMCID: PMC3921501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i5.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex mucosal barrier protects as the first line of defense the surface of the healthy intestinal tract from adhesion and invasion by luminal microorganisms. In this review, we provide an overview about the major components of this protective system as for example an intact epithelium, the synthesis of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the formation of the mucus layer. We highlight the crucial importance of their correct functioning for the maintenance of a proper intestinal function and the prevention of dysbiosis and disease. Barrier disturbances including a defective production of AMPs, alterations in thickness or composition of the intestinal mucus layer, alterations of pattern-recognition receptors, defects in the process of autophagy as well as unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress result in an inadequate host protection and are thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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48
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Fröhlich E, Roblegg E. Mucus as Physiological Barrier to Intracellular Delivery. INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY II 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8896-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Antoni L, Nuding S, Weller D, Gersemann M, Ott G, Wehkamp J, Stange EF. Human colonic mucus is a reservoir for antimicrobial peptides. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:e652-64. [PMID: 23787054 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To prevent bacterial adherence and translocation, the colonic mucosa is covered by a protecting mucus layer and the epithelium synthesizes antimicrobial peptides. The present qualitative study investigated the contents and interaction of these peptides in and with rectal mucus. METHODS Rectal mucus extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial activity and screened with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Dot blot and immunohistochemistry for antimicrobial peptides. In addition, binding of AMPs to mucins was investigated by Western blot and enzyme-linked lectin assays. RESULTS In functional tests the mucus layer exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity. We detected 11 antimicrobial peptides in mucus extracts from healthy persons including the defensins HBD-1 and -3, the cathelicidin LL-37, ubiquitin, lysozyme, histones, high mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 2, ubiquicidin and other ribosomal proteins. AMPs were bound by mucins but this was demonstrated to be reversible and inhibition of antibacterial activity was limited. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that epithelial antimicrobial peptides are retained in the intestinal mucus layer without losing their efficacy. Thus, the mucus layer and its composition provide an attractive drug target to restore antimicrobial barrier function in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Antoni
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
To prevent bacterial overgrowth, colonization of the epithelium and subsequent translocation, the gastrointestinal tract maintains an effective mucosal barrier. Besides mucus the most important components of this protective system are epithelial antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, the cathelicidin LL-37, lysozyme, phospholipase A, and proteins with additional antimicrobial properties such as ubiquicidin, ribosomal proteins or histones. Commensal species may tolerate intestinal antimicrobial peptides, for example Bacteroides ssp. or Parabacteroides ssp. as major species in the human colon were highly resistant to the constitutive defensin HBD-1 and only susceptible to the inducible defensin HBD-3. Reduction of disulfide bonds is an important mechanism activating HBD-1. As several studies show, alterations in the expression of antimicrobial peptides directly influence the composition of the intestinal flora. Correspondingly, an increased production of defensins or inhibition of the processing of mouse defensins to their active form led to a quantitative shift of luminal and mucosal bacterial species. On the other hand, microorganisms also modulate the synthesis of host defensins by induction or inhibition of specific peptides. Lactobacilli, the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle and Salmonella enteritica stimulate HBD-2 expression, whereas Shigella flexneri downregulates the synthesis of HBD-1, HBD-3 and LL-37. Thus, the proper balance between the luminal flora and the mucosa is a permanently dynamic, sensitive and host-specific relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nuding
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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