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Martins da Silva AY, Arouche TDS, Siqueira MRS, Ramalho TC, de Faria LJG, Gester RDM, Carvalho Junior RND, Santana de Oliveira M, Neto AMDJC. SARS-CoV-2 external structures interacting with nanospheres using docking and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37712854 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown rapid proliferation and scarcity of treatments with proven effectiveness. In this way, we simulated the hospitalization of carbon nanospheres, with external active sites of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (M-Pro, S-Gly and E-Pro), which can be adsorbed or inactivated when interacting with the nanospheres. The computational procedures performed in this work were developed with the SwissDock server for molecular docking and the GROMACS software for molecular dynamics, making it possible to extract relevant data on affinity energy, distance between molecules, free Gibbs energy and mean square deviation of atomic positions, surface area accessible to solvents. Molecular docking indicates that all ligands have an affinity for the receptor's active sites. The nanospheres interact favorably with all proteins, showing promising results, especially C60, which presented the best affinity energy and RMSD values for all protein macromolecules investigated. The C60 with E-Pro exhibited the highest affinity energy of -9.361 kcal/mol, demonstrating stability in both molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Our RMSD calculations indicated that the nanospheres remained predominantly stable, fluctuating within a range of 2 to 3 Å. Additionally, the analysis of other structures yielded promising results that hold potential for application in other proteases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Yuri Martins da Silva
- Laboratory for the Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterials (LPCN), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
- Graduated in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Silva Arouche
- Laboratory for the Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterials (LPCN), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
- Graduated in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Teodorico Castro Ramalho
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo do Monte Gester
- Institute of Exact Sciences (ICE), Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará, Maraba, Brazil
| | - Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Faculty of Food Engineering ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Maia de Jesus Chaves Neto
- Laboratory for the Preparation and Computation of Nanomaterials (LPCN), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
- Graduated in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, ITEC, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- National Professional Master's in Physics Teaching, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Diretoria, Coordenação de Botânica, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém, Brazil
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Asadi-Aliabadi M, Tehrani-Banihashemi A. Non-communicable Diseases Surveillance: Challenged by COVID-19. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:42. [PMID: 37426484 PMCID: PMC10329501 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases as a leading cause of death have a surveillance system in most countries. This is disturbed by the emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019. In this regard, health system managers at decision-making levels tried to overcome this problem. Therefore, strategies to deal with this issue and bring the surveillance system to an ideal state were proposed and considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Research Institutes, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Baatiema L, Sanuade OA, Allen LN, Abimbola S, Hategeka C, Koram KA, Kruk ME. Health system adaptions to improve care for people living with non-communicable diseases during COVID-19 in low-middle income countries: A scoping review. J Glob Health 2023; 13:06006. [PMID: 36862142 PMCID: PMC9980283 DOI: 10.7189/iogh.13.06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to health care for people living with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has been significantly disrupted. Calls have been made to adapt health systems and innovate service delivery models to improve access to care. We identified and summarized the health systems adaptions and interventions implemented to improve NCD care and their potential impact on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We comprehensively searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, PsycINFO, Global Literature on coronavirus disease, and Web of Science for relevant literature published between January 2020 and December 2021. While we targeted articles written in English, we also included papers published in French with abstracts written in English. Results After screening 1313 records, we included 14 papers from six countries. We identified four unique health systems adaptations/interventions for restoring, maintaining, and ensuring continuity of care for people living with NCDs: telemedicine or teleconsultation strategies, NCD medicine drop-off points, decentralization of hypertension follow-up services and provision of free medication to peripheral health centers, and diabetic retinopathy screening with a handheld smartphone-based retinal camera. We found that the adaptations/interventions enhanced continuity of NCD care during the pandemic and helped bring health care closer to patients using technology and easing access to medicines and routine visits. Telephonic aftercare services appear to have saved a significant amount of patients' time and funds. Hypertensive patients recorded better blood pressure controls over the follow-up period. Conclusions Although the identified measures and interventions for adapting health systems resulted in potential improvements in access to NCD care and better clinical outcomes, further exploration is needed to establish the feasibility of these adaptations/interventions in different settings given the importance of context in their successful implementation. Insights from such implementation studies are critical for ongoing health systems strengthening efforts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and future global health security threats for people living with NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olutobi A Sanuade
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luke N Allen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seye Abimbola
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Celestin Hategeka
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kwadwo A Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Margaret E Kruk
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shrivastav R, Rawal T, Kataria I, Mehrotra R, Bassi S, Arora M. Accelerating policy response to curb non-communicable diseases: an imperative to mitigate the dual public health crises of non-communicable diseases and COVID-19 in India. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 10:100132. [PMID: 36570060 PMCID: PMC9763206 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are a threat to public health and sustainable development. NCDs were equated to being a 'pandemic' before COVID-19 originated. Globally, NCDs caused approximately 74% of deaths (2019). India accounted for nearly 14.5% of these deaths. NCDs and COVID-19 have a lethal bi-directional relationship with both exacerbating each other's impact. Health systems and populations, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like India have among the highest burden of COVID-19. This narrative review tracks key policy and programmatic developments on NCD prevention and control in India, with a focus on commercially-driven risk factors (tobacco and alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution), and the corresponding NCD targets. It identifies lacunae and recommends urgent policy-focussed multi-dimensional action, to ameliorate the dual impact of NCDs and COVID-19. India's comprehensive response to NCDs can steer national, regional and global progress towards time-bound NCD targets and NCD-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Funding This work is supported by the Commonwealth Foundation. None of the authors were paid to write this article by a pharmaceutical company or other agency. The authors were not precluded from accessing data and accept responsibility to submit for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Shrivastav
- HRIDAY (Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth), New Delhi, India
| | - Tina Rawal
- HRIDAY (Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth), New Delhi, India,Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ishu Kataria
- Center for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Centre for Health Innovation and Policy (CHIP) Foundation, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Bassi
- HRIDAY (Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth), New Delhi, India,Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Arora
- HRIDAY (Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth), New Delhi, India,Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India,Corresponing author. HRIDAY, N-25, Second Floor, Green Park Extension, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Saqib K, Qureshi AS, Butt ZA. COVID-19, Mental Health, and Chronic Illnesses: A Syndemic Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3262. [PMID: 36833955 PMCID: PMC9962717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is an epidemiological and psychological crisis; what it does to the body is quite well known by now, and more research is underway, but the syndemic impact of COVID-19 and mental health on underlying chronic illnesses among the general population is not completely understood. METHODS We carried out a literature review to identify the potential impact of COVID-19 and related mental health issues on underlying comorbidities that could affect the overall health of the population. RESULTS Many available studies have highlighted the impact of COVID-19 on mental health only, but how complex their interaction is in patients with comorbidities and COVID-19, the absolute risks, and how they connect with the interrelated risks in the general population, remain unknown. The COVID-19 pandemic can be recognized as a syndemic due to; synergistic interactions among different diseases and other health conditions, increasing overall illness burden, emergence, spread, and interactions between infectious zoonotic diseases leading to new infectious zoonotic diseases; this is together with social and health interactions leading to increased risks in vulnerable populations and exacerbating clustering of multiple diseases. CONCLUSION There is a need to develop evidence to support appropriate and effective interventions for the overall improvement of health and psychosocial wellbeing of at-risk populations during this pandemic. The syndemic framework is an important framework that can be used to investigate and examine the potential benefits and impact of codesigning COVID-19/non-communicable diseases (NCDs)/mental health programming services which can tackle these epidemics concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Saqib
- School of Public health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Afaf Saqib Qureshi
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zahid Ahmad Butt
- School of Public health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Li WHC, Ho LLK, Cheung AT, Xia W, Song P, Chung JOK. Health-Risk Behaviors among Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2157. [PMID: 36767525 PMCID: PMC9914950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed archived data from a previous large-scale survey study on multiple health-risk behaviors among Chinese adults in Hong Kong between 21 June and 31 August 2021. In addition, this study examined participants' perceptions of the risks associated with their behaviors, their attitudes toward adopting healthy behaviors, and the impact of COVID-19 on their health-risk behaviors. A total of 4605 participants who had at least one health-risk behavior were included in the analysis. The results showed that about half of the participants were unaware that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be caused by health-risk behaviors such as tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet. More than half of the participants did not have regular body checkups or monitor their physical health at home. Many participants paid more attention to their health due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but few made changes to their unhealthy habits or adopted a healthier lifestyle. Of the 704 smokers, 60.9% did not realize that smoking increases the risk of transmitting COVID-19 to others. Only 32.2% and 11.9% smokers had the intention to quit smoking and reduced their cigarette consumption, respectively. Additionally, 13.6% reported that their daily cigarette consumption had increased, and 78.8% changed their smoking behavior during the pandemic. Healthcare professionals must educate the public about the association between health-risk behaviors and NCDs and between COVID-19 and NCDs. The government should formulate a long-term plan to strengthen the primary healthcare system and address the challenges posed by the rising prevalence of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ho Cheung Li
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Laurie Long Kwan Ho
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ankie Tan Cheung
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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Utilizing Nutritional and Polyphenolic Compounds in Underutilized Plant Seeds for Health Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206813. [PMID: 36296406 PMCID: PMC9612334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants represent a significant part of the human diet. Humans have utilized every part of plants for survival, and seeds are no exception. Seeds offer high protein, unsaturated fats, fibre, essential vitamins, and minerals for various food applications. They are also a promising reservoir of bioactive compounds, where various phytochemicals, such as polyphenolic compounds, capable of maintaining and improving well-being, are present in abundant quantities. Plants from Malvaceae and Cannabaceae families are known for their fibre-rich stems that benefit humankind by serving numerous purposes. For many centuries they have been exploited extensively for various commercial and industrial uses. Their seeds, which are often regarded as a by-product of fibre processing, have been scientifically discovered to have an essential role in combating hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, and oxidative stress. Maximizing the use of these agricultural wastes can be a promising approach to creating a more sustainable world, in accordance with the concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Subyani AA, Fadel HA, Bokhary A, Ghunaim AM, Alharbi HH, Alghamdi KA, Alshali K. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of COVID-19 Safety Measures Among Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e27713. [PMID: 36081971 PMCID: PMC9440986 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by an enveloped RNA beta coronavirus, has become a pandemic, with a mortality rate ranging from 0.7% to 10.8%. Although older adults with comorbidity are more likely to suffer severe disease and eventual mortality, diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequently reported noncommunicable diseases shown to predict poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 safety measures and factors associated with poor knowledge and practice among type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 267 patients with T1DM aged 18-65, admitted to the hospital from January to June 2020. Data were collected via phone interviews during September 2020. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions for knowledge, five for attitude, and eight concerning practices, and some questions were based on diabetes and COVID-19 specifically. Results: Overall, 64 participants with a median age of 53 years were studied. The median COVID-19 knowledge score showed poor (11.50%), average (43.75%), and good knowledge (6.25%). Most of the participants practiced precautionary measures outside their homes. Conclusion: In conclusion, half of the population had poor COVID-19 knowledge, 60.9% of the participants felt anxious, and most of them performed precautionary measures, including wearing a facemask, maintaining a 1-m distance, and washing their hands regularly.
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Duksal F, Burnik C, Mermer M, Yavuz S. Evaluation of the Effect of Biochemistry Parameters on the Clinical Course in COVID-19 Patients Who Received Tocilizumab Treatment. South Med J 2022; 115:435-440. [PMID: 35777750 PMCID: PMC9232244 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients who develop cytokine storm while they have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience more severe symptoms. This article aims to evaluate the effect of biochemical parameters on the clinical course of the disease in patients treated with tocilizumab (TCZ) due to cytokine storm. METHODS Medical documents of patients with COVID-19 were searched retrospectively. Patients who entered cytokine storm were classified as group 1 and divided into two subgroups as patients who were followed up in the ward and in the intensive care unit (ICU). Less severe COVID-19 patients who did not enter cytokine storm were included in the control group as group 2. RESULTS A total of 522 patients with COVID-19 infection were included in the study. The mean age was 62.0 ± 15.6 years, and the majority were male (64.4%). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the two most common diseases, seen in 50.8% and 29.9%, respectively. There were 392 patients with TCZ application (group 1) and 130 patients without TCZ (group 2). Significantly higher serum glucose, magnesium, and sodium and lower calcium levels were present in group 1 than in group 2 (<0.001). Hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, hypermagnesemia, and hyperkalemia were more frequently detected in the ICU compared with the patients treated in the wards (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.039, and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Following up closely electrolyte disturbances may support patient survival and decrease the probability of ICU necessity. This approach should be taken before the development of important disorders to be effective in the treatment process of the main disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faysal Duksal
- From the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis; Beyhekim Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey, and the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Burnik
- From the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis; Beyhekim Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey, and the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mermer
- From the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis; Beyhekim Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey, and the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yavuz
- From the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis; Beyhekim Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey, and the Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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Pal R, Banerjee M, Yadav U, Bhattacharjee S. Statin use and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2022; 98:354-359. [PMID: 33541927 PMCID: PMC7868124 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Observations studies have shown that prior use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. However, the available data are limited, inconsistent and conflicting. Besides, no randomised controlled trial exists in this regard. Hence, the present meta-analysis was conducted to provide an updated summary and collate the effect of statin use on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 using unadjusted and adjusted risk estimates. METHODS PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords till December 18 2020, to identify observational studies reporting clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients using statins versus those not using statins. Prior and in-hospital use of statins were considered. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Unadjusted and adjusted pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS We included 14 observational studies pooling data retrieved from 19 988 patients with COVID-19. All the studies were of high/moderate quality. Pooled analysis of unadjusted data showed that statin use was not associated with improved clinical outcomes (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.50, p=0.94, I2=94%, random-effects model). However, on pooling adjusted risk estimates, the use of statin was found to significantly reduce the risk of adverse outcomes (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.63, p<0.0005, I2=0%, fixed-effects model). CONCLUSIONS Statin use is associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Individuals with multiple comorbidities on statin therapy should be encouraged to continue the drug amid the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Internal Medicine, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Urmila Yadav
- National Institute of Nursing Education, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukrita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Estrada-Chiroque LM, Orostegui-Arenas M, Burgos-Guanilo MDP, Amau-Chiroque JM. Características clínicas y resultado materno perinatal en mujeres con diagnóstico confirmado por COVID-19 en un hospital de Perú. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGÍA 2022; 73:28-38. [PMID: 35503299 PMCID: PMC9090281 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objetivos: describir las características clínicas, sociodemográficas y la frecuencia de complicaciones maternas y perinatales en mujeres gestantes con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 atendidas en un hospital de alta complejidad en Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo descriptivo. Se incluyeron mujeres con 20 semanas o más de gestación con diagnóstico de infección por COVID-19 atendidas en un hospital de referencia nacional del Seguro Social del Perú entre marzo y diciembre del 2020; se excluyeron mujeres cuya gestación no culminó en la institución participante. Las variables medidas fueron: características sociodemográficas y obstétricas de la gestante, nexo epidemiológico, severidad de la infección por COVID-19, síntomas y datos de laboratorio, morbi-mortalidad materna, presencia de anticuerpos en el recién nacido, peso, adaptación y mortalidad perinatal. El análisis fue descriptivo. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación del Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación de EsSalud. Resultados: los criterios de inclusión y exclusión fueron cumplidos por 322 mujeres. La población de estudio se caracterizó por ser predominantemente mujeres menores de 35 años, con educación superior. El 95% de las gestantes presentó síntomas leves o imperceptibles. Los síntomas predominantes fueron fiebre (85%), tos (52%) y cefalea (18%); se documentó leucocitosis (31%), linfopenia (24%) y trombocitopenia (5%). Se registraron 2 muertes maternas (0,6%) y 22 (7,2%) defunciones perinatales. El 0,9% de los neonatos exhibieron una prueba reactiva positiva para COVID-19. Conclusiones: durante la gestación, la infección producida por el SARS-CoV-2 suele ser asintomática o leve. En las gestantes con infección moderada y severa se presentaron más frecuentemente complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Se requieren más estudios que analicen el impacto materno fetal de la infección por COVID-19 durante la gestación en la región.
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Huq AKO, Bazlur Rahim ANM, Moktadir SMG, Uddin I, Manir MZ, Siddique MAB, Islam K, Islam MS. Integrated Nutritional Supports for Diabetic Patients During COVID-19 Infection: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e022821191889. [PMID: 33645486 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210301103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine metabolic disorder, which affects the major organs in human and comorbid with others. Besides, diabetic patients are more prone to various infectious diseases as well as COVID-19 sporadic infection which is a high risk for patients with diabetes mellitus. To combat these infections and comorbid situations, an integrated balanced nutritional supportive could help in maintaining sound health and increase immunity for prevention and management of such type of viral infections. OBJECTIVES While information regarding nutritional supports in COVID-19 pandemic in diabetic patients is not available, this review aimed to accumulate the evidence from previous publications where studied about nutrition-based supports or interventions for viral diseases with special emphasis on respiratory infections. METHODS For reviewing, searches are done for getting journal articles into Google Scholar, Pub Med/Medline, Database of Open Access Journal and Science Direct for relevant data and information. RESULTS Integrated nutritional supports of both macronutrients and micronutrients guidelines, including home-based physical exercise schedule, is summarized in this comprehensive review for possible prevention and management of diabetic patients in COVID-19 infections. The immuneboosting benefits of some vitamins, trace elements, nutraceuticals and probiotics in viral infections of diabetic patients are also included. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for a healthy diet and integrated nutritional supports with home-based physical activities for diabetic patients during the self-isolation period of COVID-19 Infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Obidul Huq
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Naim Mohammad Bazlur Rahim
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - S M Golam Moktadir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Ielias Uddin
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahidul Manir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Siddique
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Khaleda Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sirajul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
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13
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Jayasinghe S, Misra A, Hills AP. Post-COVID-19 syndrome and type 2 diabetes: Primacy of exercise in prevention and management. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102379. [PMID: 34974328 PMCID: PMC8714239 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha Jayasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis-C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India) (DFI), New Delhi, India
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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14
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Rohilla KK, Kalyani CV, Gupta S, Gupta A, Gupta M. Quality of Life of People with Cancer in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Systematic Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:280-286. [PMID: 35444705 PMCID: PMC8985464 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The recent pandemic of COVID-19 caused havoc on the health system globally and raised a lot of questions and issues. Treatment for cancer is an emergency that cannot be taken back, particularly in an era of global pandemics. Cancer treatment mainly includes chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and palliative care, and because of the pandemic, all of these treatments are affected. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a potential effect on the quality of life and mental health of patients as well as health workers.
Objective:
This systematic review was intended to discuss the quality of life of people with cancer in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in India in the light of the best available facts.
Methods:
An extensive literature search was done on PubMed, Medline, Embase, Clinical Key and Google Scholar databases till 3rd Feb 2021. Out of 1455 research articles, 06 research articles were included in this systematic review.
Results:
The results showed that cancer treatment delivery was as per standard safety protocol and the best treatment decisions were made by scheduling and setting priority. Till data, no direct research was conducted on the Indian continent to assess the quality of life of cancer patients in the COVID-19 era. The effect on the quality of life of cancer patients is very large and needs to be explored more by further research. Issues to be discussed with health care administrators and policy makers further. The tele-oncology method of cancer care delivery to patients is another rational option which is applicable as well.
Conclusion:
This systematic review demonstrated up-to-date evidence regarding the quality of life of cancer patients in the COVID-19 era in India. No research has been done to assess the quality of life of cancer patients. Still, the area is unrevealed, but evidence from other global studies indicates an altered quality of life for cancer patients. To maintain quality of life, cancer physicians should make evidence-based decisions and incorporate multidisciplinary management into decision making.
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15
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Thomas PT, Annam H, Ravindu, Warrier MG, Netravathi M. Integration of Teleneurology within the Health System to Manage Patients of Multiple Sclerosis and Other CNS Demyelinating Disorders During COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:443-445. [PMID: 34447020 PMCID: PMC8370152 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_457_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Treesa Thomas
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harikrishna Annam
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjusha G Warrier
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Netravathi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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16
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Cieza A, Kamenov K, Al Ghaib OA, Aresu A, Chatterji S, Chavez F, Clyne J, Drew N, Funk M, Guzman A, Guzzi E, Khasnabis C, Mikkelsen B, Minghui R, Mitra G, Narahari P, Nauk G, Priddy A, Sabeh A, Reyes MSC, Vasquez J, Widmer-Iliescu R. Disability and COVID-19: ensuring no one is left behind. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:148. [PMID: 34416912 PMCID: PMC8377454 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Agenda calls for targeted attention to the needs and rights of the most vulnerable populations to ensure a life of dignity and human security for all. In this paper, we argue that persons with disabilities are in a disproportionately vulnerable situation in public health emergencies. By using the example of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), we explain why that is and call for the systematic consideration of the needs and rights of persons with disabilities during the response to the outbreak and during the recovery phase. Otherwise, equity will continue to be merely an aspiration during this COVID-19 emergency - as it will in future health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ola Abu Al Ghaib
- UN Partnership on Persons with Disabilities Fund, United Nations Development Program, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra Aresu
- International Disability and Development Consortium, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Facundo Chavez
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jarrod Clyne
- International Disability Alliance, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ren Minghui
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gopal Mitra
- Executive Office of the Secretary-General, United Nations, New York, USA
| | - Priyanka Narahari
- United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, New York, USA
| | - Gisela Nauk
- Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alice Priddy
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Sabeh
- Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Javier Vasquez
- Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary General on Disability and Accessibility, New York, USA
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17
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Fekadu G, Bekele F, Tolossa T, Fetensa G, Turi E, Getachew M, Abdisa E, Assefa L, Afeta M, Demisew W, Dugassa D, Diriba DC, Labata BG. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on chronic diseases care follow-up and current perspectives in low resource settings: a narrative review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 13:86-93. [PMID: 34336132 PMCID: PMC8310882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus is a respiratory disease that spreads globally. The severity and mortality risk of the disease is significant in the elderly, peoples having co-morbidities, and immunosuppressive patients. The outbreak of the pandemic created significant barriers to diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of chronic diseases. Delivering regular and routine comprehensive care for chronic patients was disrupted due to closures of healthcare facilities, lack of public transportation or reductions in services. The purpose of this narrative review was to update how patients with chronic care were affected during the pandemic, healthcare utilization services and available opportunities for better chronic disease management during the pandemic in resources limited settings. Moreover, this review may call to the attention of concerned bodies to make decisions and take measures in the spirit of improving the burden of chronic diseases by forwarding necessary recommendations for possible change and to scale up current intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginenus Fekadu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, New Territory, Hong Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Firomsa Bekele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mettu UniversityMettu, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Fetensa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Motuma Getachew
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Eba Abdisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Assefa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Afeta
- Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Studies, Kotobe Metropolitan UniversityAddis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Waktole Demisew
- Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral Science, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Dinka Dugassa
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Chala Diriba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Busha Gamachu Labata
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega UniversityNekemte, Ethiopia
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18
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Nassereddine G, Habli S, Slama S, Sen K, Rizk A, Sibai AM. COVID-19 and non-communicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: the need for a syndemics approach to data reporting and healthcare delivery. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e006189. [PMID: 34103327 PMCID: PMC8188577 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghiwa Nassereddine
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samia Habli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Slim Slama
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kasturi Sen
- Wolfson College (CR), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Rizk
- Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abla M Sibai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Chen YY, Assefa Y. The heterogeneity of the COVID-19 pandemic and national responses: an explanatory mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:835. [PMID: 33933062 PMCID: PMC8087883 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread to all corners of the world since its emergence in Wuhan, China in December of 2019. The disease burden has been heterogeneous across regions of the world, with Americas leading in cumulative cases and deaths, followed by Europe, Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Africa and Western Pacific. Initial responses to COVID-19 also varied between governments, ranging from proactive containment to delayed intervention. Understanding these variabilities allow high burden countries to learn from low burden countries on ways to create more sustainable response plans in the future. METHODS This study used a mixed-methods approach to perform cross-country comparisons of pandemic responses in the United States (US), Brazil, Germany, Australia, South Korea, Thailand, New Zealand, Italy and China. These countries were selected based on their income level, relative COVID-19 burden and geographic location. To rationalize the epidemiological variability, a list of 14 indicators was established to assess the countries' preparedness, actual response, and socioeconomic and demographic profile in the context of COVID-19. RESULTS As of 1 April 2021, the US had the highest cases per million out of the nine countries, followed by Brazil, Italy, Germany, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and China. Meanwhile, Italy ranked first out of the nine countries' total deaths per million, followed by the US, Brazil, Germany, Australia, South Korea, New Zealand, China and Thailand. The epidemiological differences between these countries could be explained by nine indicators, and they were 1) leadership, governance and coordination of response, 2) communication, 3) community engagement, 4) multisectoral actions, 5) public health capacity, 6) universal health coverage, 7) medical services and hospital capacity, 8) demography and 9) burden of non-communicable diseases. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic manifests varied outcomes due to differences in countries' vulnerability, preparedness and response. Our study rationalizes why South Korea, New Zealand, Thailand, Australia and China performed better than the US, Italy and Brazil. By identifying the strengths of low burden countries and weaknesses of hotspot countries, we elucidate factors constituting an effective pandemic response that can be adopted by leaders in preparation for re-emerging public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Chen
- School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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20
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Dhimal M, Neupane T, Lamichhane Dhimal M. Understanding linkages between environmental risk factors and noncommunicable diseases-A review. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:287-294. [PMID: 33977230 PMCID: PMC8103723 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors such as climate change are now underway, which have substantial impacts on health and well-being of human kind, but still imprecisely quantified, implications for human health. At present, one of the most significant discussions among scientists worldwide is interdependency of escalating environmental risk factors and the increasing rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Climate change also triggers the occurrence of NCDs through a variety of direct and indirect pathways. Therefore, it is likely that the interdependence of climate change, environmental risk factors, and NCDs as a whole poses great threat to global health. Hence, this paper aims to review the latest evidence on impacts of environmental risk factors on NCDs and methods used in establishing the cause or correlation of environmental risk factors and NCDs. The literature review leveraged online databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar with articles that matched keywords "climate change", "environmental risk factors," and "noncommunicable diseases". This review shows that the burden of NCDs is increasing globally and attribution of environmental risk factors such as climate change is significant. Understanding the nature of the relation between NCDs and the environment is complex and has relied on evidence generated from multiple study designs. This paper reviews eight types of study designs that can be used to identify and measure causal and correlational nature between environment and NCDs. Future projections suggest that increases in temperatures will continue and also increase the public health burden of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC)KathmanduNepal
- Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS)KathmanduNepal
| | | | - Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal
- Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS)KathmanduNepal
- Nepal Pollution Control and Environment Management Centre (NEPCEMAC)NayabatoLalitpurNepal
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21
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Pal R, Bhadada SK, Misra A. Resurgence of COVID-19 and diabetes in India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:1037-1038. [PMID: 34004526 PMCID: PMC8102081 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India; Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, Nehru Place, New Delhi, India.
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22
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García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez O, Bravo C, Torres-Carranza D, Sanchez-Trujillo L, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Guijarro LG, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo A, Bujan J, Monserrat J, Serrano E, Álvarez-Mon M, De León-Luis JA, Álvarez-Mon MA, Ortega MA. An Updated Review of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and the Importance of Effective Vaccination Programs in Pandemic Times. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050433. [PMID: 33925526 PMCID: PMC8146241 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic was declared a year ago, the search for vaccines has become the top priority in order to restore normalcy after 2.5 million deaths worldwide, overloaded sanitary systems, and a huge economic burden. Vaccine development has represented a step towards the desired herd immunity in a short period of time, owing to a high level of investment, the focus of researchers, and the urge for the authorization of the faster administration of vaccines. Nevertheless, this objective may only be achieved by pursuing effective strategies and policies in various countries worldwide. In the present review, some aspects involved in accomplishing a successful vaccination program are addressed, in addition to the importance of vaccination in a pandemic in the face of unwillingness, conspiracy theories, or a lack of information among the public. Moreover, we provide some updated points related to the landscape of the clinical development of vaccine candidates, specifically, the top five vaccines that are already being assessed in Phase IV clinical trials (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.S, and CoronaVac).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lara Sanchez-Trujillo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Encarnación Serrano
- Los fresnos of Health Centre, Health Area III, Torrejon de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan A De León-Luis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- First of May Health Centre, Health Area I, Rivas Vaciamadrid, 28521 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (L.S.-T.); (A.M.G.-L.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (M.A.O.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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23
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Mollalo A, Rivera KM, Vahabi N. Spatial statistical analysis of pre-existing mortalities of 20 diseases with COVID-19 mortalities in the continental United States. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 67:102738. [PMID: 33532175 PMCID: PMC7843116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the United States is among the countries with the highest mortalities of COVID-19, inadequate geospatial studies have analyzed the disease mortalities across the nation. METHODS In this county-level study, we investigated age-adjusted co-mortalities of 20 diseases, including cardiovascular, cancer, drug and alcohol disorder, respiratory and infectious diseases with COVID-19 over the first ten months of epidemic. One-way analysis of variance was applied to the Local Moran's I classes (High-High and Low-Low clusters, and non-significant counties of COVID-19) to examine whether the mean mortality measures of covariates that fall into the classes are significantly different. Moreover, a mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model was employed to estimate the effects of mortalities on COVID-19 classes. RESULTS Results showed that the distribution of COVID-19 case fatality ratio (CFR) and mortality rate co-occurrence of High-High clusters were mainly concentrated in Louisiana, Connecticut, and New Jersey. Also, positive associations were observed between High-High cluster of COVID-19 CFR and Asthma (OR = 4.584, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 2.583-8.137), Hepatitis (OR = 5.602, CI: 1.265-24.814) and Leukemia (OR = 2.172, CI: 1.518-3.106) mortality rates compared to the non-significant counties, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that counties with higher mortality of some cancers and respiratory diseases are more vulnerable to fall into clusters of HH COVID-19 CFR. Future vaccine allocation and more medical professionals and treatment equipment should be a priority to those High-High clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Mollalo
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Kiara M Rivera
- Department of Public Health and Prevention Science, School of Health Sciences, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Nasim Vahabi
- Informatics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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COVID-19-Related Laboratory Analyte Changes and the Relationship Between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, TB, and HbA1c in South Africa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1321:183-197. [PMID: 33656724 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a retrospective analysis on data of all adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 across our laboratory network in South Africa over a 4-month period. Out of 842,197 tests, 11.7% were positive and 88.3% negative. The prevalence of HIV was 6.25 and 6.31% in the SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative cohort, respectively (p = 0.444). However, the prevalence of HIV-positive individuals in the critical cohort (9.15%) was higher than in the noncritical group (6.24%) (p = 0.011). Active tuberculosis infection was approximately 50% less in SARS-CoV-2-positive than in SARS-CoV-2-negative individuals. The prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes was 3.4 times higher in SARS-CoV-2-positive cases but was not higher in the critical vs. noncritical cases (p = 0.612). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, coagulation markers, urea, and cardiac- and liver-related analytes were significantly elevated in the critical compared to noncritical cases. Platelet count and creatinine concentration did not differ significantly between the two groups. These findings do not support increased prevalence of HIV or tuberculosis in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection but do suggest an association of increased disease severity with HIV-positive status. Uncontrolled diabetes was positively associated with a significantly higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and our investigation into analyte changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 disease severity supported previous findings of raised inflammatory markers, coagulation markers, liver- and cardiac-related analytes, and urea but not for creatinine and platelet count.
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Pal R, Banerjee M, Mukherjee S, Bhogal RS, Kaur A, Bhadada SK. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor use and mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:2042018821996482. [PMID: 33680425 PMCID: PMC7897812 DOI: 10.1177/2042018821996482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few observational studies have shown a beneficial effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although results are not consistent. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to provide a precise summary of the effect of DPP4i use (preadmission or in-hospital) and mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords to 4 January 2021, to identify observational studies reporting mortality in COVID-19 patients with DM using DPP4i versus those not using DPP4i. Preadmission and in-hospital use of DPP4i were considered. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Unadjusted and adjusted pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed for studies reporting preadmission and in-hospital use of DPP4i. RESULTS We identified nine observational studies of high quality pooling data retrieved from 7008 COVID-19 patients with DM. The pooled analysis of unadjusted and adjusted data did not show any significant association between DPP4i use and mortality in COVID-19 patients with DM. However, on subgroup analysis, we found that in-hospital (and not preadmission) DPP4i use was associated with reduced mortality (unadjusted OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23, 0.58, p < 0.0001, I 2 = 0% and adjusted OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.13, 0.55, p = 0.0003, I 2 = 12%). CONCLUSIONS In-hospital use of DPP4i is associated with a significant reduction in COVID-19 mortality. Hence, it would be prudent to initiate or continue DPP4i in COVID-19 patients with DM if not contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjitpal Singh Bhogal
- Department of Hospital Administration, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay K. Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gupta
- National President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2021
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Pal R, Yadav U, Verma A, Bhadada SK. Awareness regarding COVID-19 and problems being faced by young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus amid nationwide lockdown in India: A qualitative interview study. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:10-15. [PMID: 32660907 PMCID: PMC7351665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the awareness about COVID-19 and the problems being faced by young adults with T1DM amid nationwide lockdown in India. METHODS A cross-sectional telephone-based qualitative interview study was conducted in young adults (aged 18-30 years) with T1DM amid lockdown. Following verbal consent, participants were asked 8 open-ended questions, 5 on awareness about COVID-19 and 3 catering to problems being faced concerning diet, physical activity and treatment amid lockdown. On average, 3 interviews were conducted per day with each lasting for 15-20 min. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two participants were interviewed; after exclusion of two poorly recorded interviews, 30 were finally analyzed. Mean age of participants was 22.4 ± 4.0 years (M:F = 8:7). Only 30%, 40% and 53% of participants were aware of modes of transmission (respiratory droplets and fomites), cardinal symptoms (fever, cough and breathing difficulty) and means of prevention (staying indoors, social distancing and regular hand washing), respectively. Majority of participants were unaware of additional risks associated with COVID-19 in diabetes mellitus. Most participants could continue with their routine diet and prescribed treatment regime, however, 90% reported a reduction in physical activity and 72% experienced worsening of glycemic control amid lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with T1DM lack adequate awareness about COVID-19. Increasing awareness and imparting diabetes self-management education via digital/print media is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Urmila Yadav
- National Institute of Nursing Education, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Anmol Verma
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India.
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McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Liu E, Kanis JA. Global impact of COVID-19 on non-communicable disease management: descriptive analysis of access to FRAX fracture risk online tool for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:39-46. [PMID: 33057738 PMCID: PMC7556595 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, and its management, is markedly impacting the management of osteoporosis as judged by access to online FRAX fracture risk assessments. Globally, access was 58% lower in April than in February 2020. Strategies to improve osteoporosis care, with greater use of fracture risk assessments, offer a partial solution. INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant detrimental impact on the management of chronic diseases including osteoporosis. We have quantified the global impact by examining changes in the usage of online FRAX fracture risk assessments before and after the declaration of the pandemic (11 March 2020). METHODS The study comprised a retrospective analysis using GoogleAnalytics data on daily sessions on the FRAX® website ( www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX ) from November 2019 to April 2020 (main analysis period February-April 2020), and the geographical source of that activity. RESULTS Over February-April 2020, the FRAX website recorded 460,495 sessions from 184 countries, with 210,656 sessions in February alone. In March and April, the number of sessions fell by 23.1% and 58.3% respectively, a pattern not observed over the same period in 2019. There were smaller reductions in Asia than elsewhere, partly related to earlier and less-marked nadirs in some countries (China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and Vietnam). In Europe, the majority of countries (24/31, 77.4%) reduced usage by at least 50% in April. Seven countries showed smaller reductions (range - 2.85 to - 44.1%) including Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Finland. There was no significant relationship between the reduction in FRAX usage and measures of disease burden such as COVID-attributed deaths per million of the population. CONCLUSION This study documents a marked global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of osteoporosis as reflected by FRAX online fracture risk assessments. The analysis suggests that impact may relate to the societal and healthcare measures taken to ameliorate the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V McCloskey
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Metabolic Bone Centre, Northern General Hospital, Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S5 7AU, UK.
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - H Johansson
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Lorentzon
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Vandenput
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Liu
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Geleta TA, Deriba BS, Beyane RS, Mohammed A, Birhanu T, Jemal K. COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness and Response of Chronic Disease Patients in Public Health Facilities. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1011-1023. [PMID: 33177864 PMCID: PMC7652229 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s279705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) causes a unique threat and a great challenge to chronic disease patients. Apart from its severity for all communities, a chronic disease patient is highly vulnerable to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess preparedness and response against the COVID-19 among chronic diseases patients who had follow-up at healthcare facilities. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the North Shoa Zone from May 5, 2020, to June 5/2020. A pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. The data were entered into the Epi-data and exported to SPSS for cleaning and analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the factors associated with the COVID-19 preparedness and response. RESULTS A total of 410 (97%) patients were responded to face to face interview administered questionnaire. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents had good knowledge, 54% were well prepared, and 63% had a good response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Male participants, news media (TV & Radio), social media, tuberculosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with a good preparedness. Informal education, news media (TV & Radio), and having hypertension were significantly associated with good response to the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION The prevalence of preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic among chronic disease patients was low. Male participants, source of information, educational status, and having chronic diseases were significantly associated with the COVID-19 prevention preparedness and response. It should be continued to provide awareness creation for chronic patients through news media (TV and radio) and social media to increasing the preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinsae Abeya Geleta
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Senbeta Deriba
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Rebik Shukure Beyane
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Birhanu
- Salale University, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Sciences (Infectious Diseases), Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Kemal Jemal
- Salale University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Fitche, Ethiopia
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Gupta SK, Lakshmi PVM, Kaur M, Rastogi A. Role of self-care in COVID-19 pandemic for people living with comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5495-5501. [PMID: 33532385 PMCID: PMC7842493 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1684_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with comorbidities especially chronic non-communicable disease (NCDs) like diabetes and hypertension are at greater risk of acquiring severe form of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) infection known to be caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV -2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to underlying immunodeficiency. The government has taken various public health measures to reduce the risk of infection, such as physical distancing, Information Education and Communication (IEC) messages regarding hand-washing, usage of masks, and avoidance of unnecessary travel including lockdown to combat the spread of disease. However, nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has also confronted the existing health care system (clinician centric approach) for the management of diabetes and hypertension in India. Using secondary source of data from specific website and search engine a review was done for existing guidelines and literature focusing on the various components of self-care management (patient-centered care) and highlights the importance of self-care management education to cope up with twin pandemic of COVID-19 and NCDs. An attempt was also made to highlight the use of eHealth to manage diabetes and hypertension which may act as a bridge to fill the gap between primary care physician and patient's amid lockdown and help physician to deliver comprehensive care for people suffering from comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P. V. M. Lakshmi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashu Rastogi
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogenic Infections. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) infections in severely infected patients present numerous difficulties in terms of treatment failure where antibiotics cannot arrest such drug resistant bacteria. Based on the patient’s medical history and updated microbiological epidemiology data, an effective empirical treatment remains critical for optimal results to safeguard human health. The aim of this manuscript is to review management of MDR-Gram negative pathogenic bacterial infections. Quick diagnosis and narrow antimicrobial spectrum require rapid and timely diagnosis and effective laboratories in accordance with antimicrobial stewardship (AS) principles. Worldwide, there is an increased emergence of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Recently, novel therapeutic options, such as meropenem/vaborbactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, eravacycline and plazomicin became accessible to effectively counteract severe infections. Optimally using these delays the emergence of resistance to novel therapeutic agents. Further study is required, however, due to uncertainties in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics optimization of dosages and therapeutic duration in severely ill patients. The novel agents should be verified for (i) action on carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; (ii) action on CRE of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors dependence on type of carbapenemase; (iii) emergence of resistance to novel antibacterials and dismiss selective pressure promoting development of resistance. Alternative treatments should be approached alike phage therapy or antibacterial peptides. The choice of empirical therapy is complicated by antibiotic resistance and can be combated by accurate antibiotic and their combinations usage, which is critical to patient survival. Noteworthy are local epidemiology, effective teamwork and antibiotic stewardship to guarantee that medications are utilized properly to counter the resistance.
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Yadav UN, Rayamajhee B, Mistry SK, Parsekar SS, Mishra SK. A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Front Public Health 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 33102414 PMCID: PMC7545493 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected the lives of people living with non-communicable diseases (PLWNCDs). The health of PLWNCDs worsens when synergistic epidemics or “syndemics” occur due to the interaction between socioecological and biological factors, resulting in adverse outcomes. These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We conclude by reflecting on strategies and policies that deal with the COVID-19 syndemic among PLWNCDs in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Forum for Health Research and Development, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Binod Rayamajhee
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS), Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shradha S Parsekar
- Public Health Evidence South Asia, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Mishra
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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COVID-19 and the World with Co-Morbidities of Heart Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has now spread across the globe in past few months while affecting 26 million people and leading to more than 0.85 million deaths as on 2nd September, 2020. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection increases in COVID-19 patients due to pre-existing health co-morbidities. This mini-review has focused on the three significant co-morbidities viz., heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which are posing high health concerns and increased mortality during this ongoing pandemic. The observed co-morbidities have been found to be associated with the increasing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 critical illness as well as to be associated positively with the worsening of the health condition of COVID-19 suffering individuals resulting in the high risk for mortality. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cell via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. Regulation of crucial cardiovascular functions and metabolisms like blood pressure and sugar levels are being carried out by ACE2. This might be one of the reasons that contribute to the higher mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities. Clinical investigations have identified higher levels of creatinine, cardiac troponin I, alanine aminotransferase, NT-proBNP, creatine kinase, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in patients who have succumbed to death from COVID-19 as compared to recovered individuals. More investigations are required to identify the modes behind increased mortality in COVID-19 patients having co-morbidities of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. This will enable us to design and develop suitable therapeutic strategies for reducing the mortality. More attention and critical care need to be paid to such high risk patients suffering from co-morbidities during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Singh V. Can Vitamins, as Epigenetic Modifiers, Enhance Immunity in COVID-19 Patients with Non-communicable Disease? Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 9:202-209. [PMID: 32661859 PMCID: PMC7356139 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The highly infectious transmissible disease, the novel SARS-CoV-2, causing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has a median incubation time of 5 to 15 days. The symptoms vary from person to person and many are "hidden carriers." Few people experience immediate reaction and even death within 48 h of infection. However, many show mild to chronic symptoms and recover. Nevertheless, the death rate due to COVID-19 transmission is high especially among patients with non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide evidence to consider vitamins as epigenetic modifiers to enhance immunity and reduce inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with non-communicable diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical evidence has suggested the risk of getting infected is high among individuals with non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and renal disease, as well as the elderly with high mortality rate among the cohort. The impact is due to an already compromised immune system of patients. Every patient has a different response to COVID-19, which shows that the ability to combat the deadly virus varies individually. Thus, treatment can be personalized and adjusted to help protect and combat COVID-19 infections, especially in individuals with non-communicable diseases. Based on current published scientific and medical evidence, the suggestions made in this article for combination of vitamin therapy as epigenetic modifiers to control the unregulated inflammatory and cytokine marker expressions, further needs to be clinically proven. Future research and clinical trials can apply the suggestions given in this article to support metabolic activities in patients and enhance the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
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Pal R, Bhadada SK. Managing common endocrine disorders amid COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:767-771. [PMID: 32521463 PMCID: PMC7271862 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting nationwide lockdowns have posed a major challenge to the management of pre-existing and newly diagnosed endocrine disorders. Herein, we have summarized the management approaches of common endocrine disorders amid the ongoing pandemic. METHODS We have performed an extensive literature search for articles in PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases till 25 May 2020, with the following keywords: "COVID-19", "diabetes mellitus", "thyroid disorders", "primary adrenal insufficiency", "Cushing's syndrome", "pituitary tumors", "vitamin D″", "osteoporosis", "primary hyperparathyroidism", "hypoparathyroidism", "management", "treatment" and "guidelines" with interposition of the Boolean operator "AND". RESULTS We have summarized the most feasible strategies for the management of diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, primary adrenal insufficiency (including congenital adrenal hyperplasia), Cushing's syndrome, pituitary tumors, osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism amid the constraints laid down by the raging pandemic. In general, medical management should be encouraged and surgical interventions should be deferred whenever possible. Ongoing medications should be continued. Sick-day rules should be sincerely adhered to. Regular contact with physicians can be maintained through teleconsultations and virtual clinics. CONCLUSIONS Considering the burden of endocrine disorders in the general population, their management needs to be prioritized amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Pal R, Yadav U, Grover S, Saboo B, Verma A, Bhadada SK. Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among young adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus amid the nationwide lockdown in India: A cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 166:108344. [PMID: 32710997 PMCID: PMC7375303 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) towards COVID-19 amid nationwide lockdown in India. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey among young adults with T1DM (aged 18-30 years) in the North, Central, South, and West zones of India. It consisted of fifteen, five and eight questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19, respectively. Certain questions relevant to T1DM were also incorporated. RESULTS After exclusion, 212 participants were included (mean age = 25.1 ± 4.3 years; M:F = 10:11). The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 83% (mean total knowledge score = 12.4 ± 1.9). Most (74%) had an average knowledge score (mean ± 1SD). Higher educational status, urban residence, and being married were associated with better knowledge scores; however, only urban residence was found to be statistically significant on multinomial logistic regression. Most (88%) felt that being a patient of T1DM, they were at higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19. At the same time, 98% were confident about self-protection. Fifty-one percent of respondents had left home amid lockdown mostly to procure insulin/injection needles/syringes/glucometer strips from the pharmacy. However, all were maintaining proper hand hygiene and majority were following routine dietary advice (95%) and administering prescribed insulin doses (99%). Seventy-two participants (34%) had experienced one or more episodes of hypoglycemia since the commencement of lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with T1DM have average knowledge, positive attitude, and healthy preventive practices towards COVID-19. Awareness campaigns targeted towards rural communities and providing doorstep delivery of insulin/needles/syringes may be more rewarding.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/virology
- Female
- Health Education
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- India/epidemiology
- Insulin/therapeutic use
- Male
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Quarantine/methods
- SARS-CoV-2
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Urmila Yadav
- National Institute of Nursing Education, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Department of Diabetology, Diacare-Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380005, India
| | - Anmol Verma
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sanjay K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Banerjee M, Chakraborty S, Pal R. Teleconsultation and Diabetes Care Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Scopes and Challenges. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2020; 14:714-715. [PMID: 32438820 PMCID: PMC7673183 DOI: 10.1177/1932296820929391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumen Chakraborty
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Central Government Health Scheme, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rimesh Pal
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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A Socioeconomic Paradox in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: a Call to Study Determinants of Disease Severity in High and Low-Income Countries. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2020; 12:e2020051. [PMID: 32670529 PMCID: PMC7340247 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Amu H, Dowou RK, Boateng LA, Tarkang EE. Implications of COVID-19 for the management of chronic non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: application of the chronic care model. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:94. [PMID: 33623618 PMCID: PMC7875795 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
About 41 million people die of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) each year, accounting for 71% of all global deaths. The high prevalence of CNCDs is particularly problematic for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since CNCDs are already a major cause of mortality in the sub-region. While the case fatality rate of COVID-19 is quite low, it is worth noting that people with underlying CNCDs constitute the majority of those who die from this virus. Underpinned by the chronic care model (CCM), we present a commentary on the implications of COVID-19 for the management of CNCDs in SSA. We realized that despite the World Health Organisation’s guidelines for countries to maintain essential services while putting necessary measures in place to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19, myriad of health systems and community-level factors militate against effective management of the CNCDs in SSA. This results in disruptions in management of the conditions as well as possible long-term effects such as the deterioration of the health status of CNCD patients and even deaths. Without immediate interventions to salvage the status quo, SSA countries may not be able to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 target of reducing by one-third, premature mortality from CNCDs by the year 2030. We recommend that financial constraints could be ameliorated through short- and long-term loan facilities from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to augment national efforts at strengthening health systems while combating COVID-19. We also recommend increased community engagement and public education by COVID-19 response teams to enhance community support for persons living with CNCDs and to reduce social stigmatization
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Science, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Robert Kokou Dowou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Science, Hohoe, Ghana
| | | | - Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Science, Hohoe, Ghana.,HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Network Cameroon, Kumba, Cameroon
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The COVID-19 Pandemic during the Time of the Diabetes Pandemic: Likely Fraternal Twins? Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050389. [PMID: 32438687 PMCID: PMC7281197 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An altered immune response to pathogens has been suggested to explain increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in patients with diabetes. Recent evidence has documented several immunometabolic pathways in patients with diabetes directly related to the COVID-19 infection. This also seems to be the case for prediabetic subjects with proinflammatory insulin resistance syndrome accompanied with prothrombotic hyperinsulinemic and dysglycemic states. Patients with frank hyperglycemia, dysglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia develop systemic immunometabolic inflammation with higher levels of circulating cytokines. This deleterious scenario has been proposed as the underlying mechanism enhancing a cytokine storm-like hyperinflammatory state in diabetics infected with severe COVID-19 triggering multi-organ failure. Compared with moderately affected COVID-19 patients, diabetes was found to be highly prevalent among severely affected patients suggesting that this non-communicable disease should be considered as a risk factor for adverse outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic mirrors with the diabetes pandemic in many pathobiological aspects. Our interest is to emphasize the ties between the immunoinflammatory mechanisms that underlie the morbidity and lethality when COVID-19 meets diabetes. This review brings attention to two pathologies of highly complex, multifactorial, developmental and environmentally dependent manifestations of critical importance to human survival. Extreme caution should be taken with diabetics with suspected symptoms of COVID-19 infection.
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Thakur JS, Paika R, Singh S, Narain J. COVID-19 and noncommunicable diseases: Impact and the strategic approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_35_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Bhadada S, Pal R, Banerjee M, Kumar A. Glycemic efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta.analysis of relevance amid the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_69_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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