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Kita K, Gawinowska M, Chełmińska M, Niedoszytko M. The Role of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Chronic Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases of the Respiratory Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7395. [PMID: 39000502 PMCID: PMC11242091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic inflammation of the airways leads to an increased production of inflammatory markers by the effector cells of the respiratory tract and lung tissue. These biomarkers allow the assessment of physiological and pathological processes and responses to therapeutic interventions. Lung cancer, which is characterized by high mortality, is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Current screening methods and tissue biopsies have limitations that highlight the need for rapid diagnosis, patient differentiation, and effective management and monitoring. One promising non-invasive diagnostic method for respiratory diseases is the assessment of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). EBC contains a mixture of volatile and non-volatile biomarkers such as cytokines, leukotrienes, oxidative stress markers, and molecular biomarkers, providing significant information about inflammatory and neoplastic states in the lungs. This article summarizes the research on the application and development of EBC assessment in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, focusing on asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. The process of collecting condensate, potential issues, and selected groups of markers for detailed disease assessment in the future are discussed. Further research may contribute to the development of more precise and personalized diagnostic and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kita
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marika Gawinowska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Chełmińska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Wu WB, Lee IT, Lin YJ, Wang SY, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Silica Nanoparticles Shed Light on Intriguing Cellular Pathways in Human Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cells: Revealing COX-2/PGE 2 Production through the EGFR/Pyk2 Signaling Axis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:107. [PMID: 38255212 PMCID: PMC10813532 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of manufactured silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has become widespread in everyday life, household products, and various industrial applications. While the harmful effects of crystalline silica on the lungs, known as silicosis or chronic pulmonary diseases, are well understood, the impact of SiNPs on the airway is not fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of SiNPs on human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs). Our findings revealed that SiNPs induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA/protein and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) without causing cytotoxicity. This induction was transcription-dependent, as confirmed by cell viability assays and COX-2 luciferase reporter assays. Further analysis, including Western blot with pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA interference, showed the involvement of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) EGF receptor (EGFR), non-RTK Pyk2, protein kinase Cα (PKCα), and p42/p44 MAPK in the induction process. Notably, EGFR activation initiated cellular signaling that led to NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and translocation into the cell nucleus, where it bound and stimulated COX-2 gene transcription. The resulting COX-2 protein triggered PGE2 production and secretion into the extracellular space. Our study demonstrated that SiNPs mediate COX-2 up-regulation and PGE2 secretion in HTSMCs through the sequential activation of the EGFR/Pyk2/PKCα/p42/p44MAPKs-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. Since PGE2 can have both physiological bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as pathological pro-inflammatory effects, the increased PGE2 production in the airway might act as a protective compensatory mechanism and/or a contributing factor during airway exposure to SiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Wu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (L.-D.H.)
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-Jyun Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Ssu-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (L.-D.H.)
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (L.-D.H.)
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (L.-D.H.)
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Dhamodharan P, Pillai GG, Arumugam M. Identification of potential phytochemical inhibitors for the proven six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease biomarkers - A molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37811632 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2259490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
COPD is a multifactorial lung disease causing breathing difficulties in individuals and is becoming a major health concern worldwide. The unclear pathogenic mechanism and high mortality rate urge the development of drugs against this disease. In this study, around six COPD biomarkers identified from the preceding research through integrated gene expression analysis were taken as COPD target proteins. A total of 3307 phytocompounds were included in the COPD phytocompound library from 59 therapeutic plant sources. Furthermore, a crucial three-step virtual screening process (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion, respiratory nontoxicity, less harmful and nontoxic compound category) was implemented to filter the potential drug-like phytocompounds. As a result, 160 phytocompounds were filtered with desired Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity properties. The filtered 160 phytocompounds were docked against six COPD target proteins and the best-docked complexes were identified through visual inspection based on six unique parameters in SeeSAR. Furthermore, the best docked complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation studies to assess the stability and conformational changes of the complexes. The presence of few amino acid residues within the crucial active, allosteric and catalytic sites of the six target proteins were revealed from the binding interaction types and major residual fluctuations from molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies respectively. This is indicative of the potential inhibitory activity of phytocompounds against the COPD biomarkers. Here we report the identified phytocompounds as a promising lead molecule for the six COPD biomarkers through in silico analysis opening new avenues in COPD pathogenesis and treatments.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Dhamodharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Seyfinejad B, Nemutlu E, Taghizadieh A, Khoubnasabjafari M, Ozkan SA, Jouyban A. Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate as fingerprints of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: a critical review. Biomark Med 2023; 17:811-837. [PMID: 38179966 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap are the third leading cause of mortality around the world. They share some common features, which can lead to misdiagnosis. To properly manage these conditions, reliable markers for early and accurate diagnosis are needed. Over the past 20 years, many molecules have been investigated in the exhaled breath condensate to better understand inflammation pathways and mechanisms related to these disorders. Recently, more advanced techniques, such as sensitive metabolomic and proteomic profiling, have been used to obtain a more comprehensive understanding. This article reviews the use of targeted and untargeted metabolomic methodology to study asthma, COPD and asthma-COPD overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkiye
| | - Ali Taghizadieh
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, 06560, Turkiye
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO Box 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkiye
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Hodge G, Jersmann H, Holmes M, Asare P, Roscioli E, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. BLTR1 Is Decreased in Steroid Resistant Pro-Inflammatory CD28nullCD8+ T Lymphocytes in Patients with COPD-The Spillover Hypothesis Explained? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1261. [PMID: 37759660 PMCID: PMC10525726 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pro-inflammatory CD8+ T cells are increased in the lungs and also in the peripheral circulation of both smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The reason for this is unclear but has been described as a spillover from cells in the lungs that may cause the systemic inflammation noted in COPD. We have recently shown an increase in steroid-resistant CD28nullCD8+ senescent lymphocytes in the lungs and peripheral blood in COPD. Leukotreine B4 (LB4) receptor 1 (BLTR1) is involved in recruitment of CD8+ T cells to sites of inflammation, and we hypothesized that it may be involved in the migration of these senescent lymphocytes from the lungs in COPD. METHODS Via flow cytometry and Western blot BLTR1, IFNγ, and TNFα expression were measured in peripheral blood, BAL, and large proximal and small distal airway CD28±, CD8± T, and NKT-like cells from COPD patients and healthy control subjects (±prednisolone) following in vitro stimulation. Chemotaxis of leucocyte subsets was determined (±LB4 ± prednisolone). RESULTS There was an increase in BLTR1-CD28nullCD8+ lymphocytes in the lungs and blood in patients with COPD compared with controls. BLTR1-CD28nullCD8+ T and NKT-like cells produce more IFN/TNF than BLTR+ cells and fail to migrate to LTB4. Treatment with 1 µM prednisolone in vitro resulted in upregulation of BLTR1 expression in pro-inflammatory CD28nullCD8+ cells and migration to LB4. CONCLUSIONS Loss of BLTR1 is associated with an increased inflammatory potential of CD28nullCD8+ T cells and may allow these pro-inflammatory steroid-resistant cells to migrate to peripheral blood. Treatment strategies that upregulate BLTR1 may reduce systemic inflammation and associated co-morbidity in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Hodge
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia; (H.J.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (E.R.); (P.N.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia; (H.J.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (E.R.); (P.N.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Mark Holmes
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia; (H.J.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (E.R.); (P.N.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Patrick Asare
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia; (H.J.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (E.R.); (P.N.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia; (H.J.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (E.R.); (P.N.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia; (H.J.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (E.R.); (P.N.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia; (H.J.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (E.R.); (P.N.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
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Miklós Z, Horváth I. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COPD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1196. [PMID: 37371927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress driven by several environmental and local airway factors associated with chronic obstructive bronchiolitis, a hallmark feature of COPD, plays a crucial role in disease pathomechanisms. Unbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defense mechanisms amplifies the local inflammatory processes, worsens cardiovascular health, and contributes to COPD-related cardiovascular dysfunctions and mortality. The current review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of different mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress and its countermeasures, with special attention to those that link local and systemic processes. Major regulatory mechanisms orchestrating these pathways are also introduced, with some suggestions for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Miklós
- National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Korányi F. Street 1, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Korányi F. Street 1, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Mirra D, Esposito R, Spaziano G, Rafaniello C, Iovino P, Cione E, Gallelli L, D'Agostino B. Association between Sex-Related ALOX5 Gene Polymorphisms and Lung Atopy Risk. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082775. [PMID: 37109111 PMCID: PMC10145460 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopy is an exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response to foreign antigens in which metabolic abnormalities of the leukotrienes (LTs) pathway play a crucial role. Recent studies have described sex as a key variable in LT biosynthesis, partly explaining why treatment with anti-LT drugs in atopic subjects leads to better control of symptoms in women. In addition, variability in LT production is often associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene, which encodes the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). This study aimed to investigate whether two SNPs of ALOX5 are implicated in sex differences in allergic diseases in a prospective cohort of 150 age- and sex-matched atopic and healthy subjects. Rs2029253 and rs2115819 were genotyped using allele-specific RT-PCR, and serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4 were measured by ELISA. Both polymorphisms are significantly more common in women than in men, and their influences on LT production vary as a function of sex, leading to a decrease in men's and an increase in women's serum levels of 5-LO and LTB4. These data represent a new resource for understanding sex-related differences in lung inflammatory diseases, partly explaining why women are more likely to develop allergic disorders than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davida Mirra
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Renata Esposito
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Mater Domini Hospital, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Dey R, Dey S, Samadder A, Saxena AK, Nandi S. Natural Inhibitors against Potential Targets of Cyclooxygenase, Lipoxygenase and Leukotrienes. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2341-2357. [PMID: 34533441 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666210917111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes catalyze the production of pain mediators like Prostaglandins (PGs) and Leukotrienes (LTs), respectively from arachidonic acid. INTRODUCTION The COX and LOX enzyme modulators are responsible for the major PGs and LTs mediated complications like asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathy and Cardiovascular Syndromes (CVS). Many synthetic Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) used in the treatment have serious side effects like nausea, vomiting, hyperacidity, gastrointestinal ulcers, CVS, etc. Methods: The natural inhibitors of pain mediators have great acceptance worldwide due to fewer side effects on long-term uses. The present review is an extensive study of the advantages of plantbased vs synthetic inhibitors. RESULTS These natural COX and LOX inhibitors control inflammatory response without causing side-effect-related complicacy. CONCLUSION Therefore, the natural COX and LOX inhibitors may be used as alternative medicines for the management of pain and inflammation due to their less toxicity and resistivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
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Kotlyarov S. Involvement of the Innate Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:985. [PMID: 35055174 PMCID: PMC8778852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, socially significant disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation in the bronchi. Although the causes of COPD are considered to be known, the pathogenesis of the disease continues to be a relevant topic of study. Mechanisms of the innate immune system are involved in various links in the pathogenesis of COPD, leading to persistence of chronic inflammation in the bronchi, their bacterial colonization and disruption of lung structure and function. Bronchial epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages and other cells are involved in the development and progression of the disease, demonstrating multiple compromised immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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Bedi P, Ziegler K, Whitfield PD, Davidson D, Rossi AG, Hill AT. Dysregulation of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and lipoxin A 4 in bronchiectasis. Thorax 2021; 77:960-967. [PMID: 34789559 PMCID: PMC9510413 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Bronchiectasis is characterised by excessive neutrophilic inflammation. Lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes have crucial roles in the inflammatory response. Further characterisation of these lipids and understanding the interplay of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory lipid mediators could lead to the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies for bronchiectasis. Aim The aim of our study was to characterise the lipids obtained from serum and airways in patients with bronchiectasis in the stable state. Methods Six healthy volunteers, 10 patients with mild bronchiectasis, 15 with moderate bronchiectasis and 9 with severe bronchiectasis were recruited. All participants had 60 mL of blood taken and underwent a bronchoscopy while in the stable state. Lipidomics was done on serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Results In the stable state, in serum there were significantly higher levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 15-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (15-HETE) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in patients with moderate–severe disease compared with healthy volunteers. There was a significantly lower level of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in severe bronchiectasis. In BALF, there were significantly higher levels of PGE2, 5-HETE, 15-HETE, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and LTB4 in moderate–severe patients compared with healthy volunteers. In the stable state, there was a negative correlation of PGE2 and LTB4 with % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s and a positive correlation with antibiotic courses. LXA4 improved blood and airway neutrophil phagocytosis and bacterial killing in patients with bronchiectasis. Additionally LXA4 reduced neutrophil activation and degranulation. Conclusion There is a dysregulation of lipid mediators in bronchiectasis with excess proinflammatory lipids. LXA4 improves the function of reprogrammed neutrophils. The therapeutic efficacy of LXA4 in bronchiectasis warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Bedi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kerstin Ziegler
- Department of Lipidomics, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | | | - Donald Davidson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Adam T Hill
- Respiratory Medicine, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Sun L, Xu A, Li M, Xia X, Li P, Han R, Fei G, Zhou S, Wang R. Effect of Methylation Status of lncRNA-MALAT1 and MicroRNA-146a on Pulmonary Function and Expression Level of COX2 in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667624. [PMID: 34604205 PMCID: PMC8479795 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of methylation of MALAT1 and miR-146a in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD patients were grouped according to their methylation status of MALAT1 and miR-146a promoters, and we found that forced vital capacity, volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration, and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide were the highest in the MALAT1 HYPO + miR-146a HYPER group and lowest in the MALAT1 HYPER + miR-146a HYPO group, and COPD patients with hypermethylated MALAT1 showed lower expression of MALAT1 than that in the COPD patients with hypomethylated MALAT1. Meanwhile, miR-146a was the most significantly upregulated in the MALAT1 HYPER + miR-146a HYPO group and the most significantly downregulated in the MALAT1 HYPO + miR-146a HYPER group. Both prostaglandin E1 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression were the highest in the MALAT1 HYPO + miR-146a HYPER group and the lowest in the MALAT1 HYPER + miR-146a HYPO group. In conclusion, our results established a MALAT1/miR-146a/COX2 signaling axis. The overexpression of MALAT1 could increase the expression of COX2 by inhibiting the expression of miR-146a, thus affecting the pulmonary function of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Aiqun Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Hefei Second People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyuan Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghe Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Hefei Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Hefei Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Szalontai K, Gémes N, Furák J, Varga T, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132889. [PMID: 34209651 PMCID: PMC8268950 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Szalontai
- Csongrád County Hospital of Chest Diseases, Alkotmány u. 36., H6772 Deszk, Hungary;
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8., H6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tünde Varga
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Avicor Ltd. Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Ady E. u. 14., H7761 Kozármisleny, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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13
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Increased Serum Levels of Matrix-metalloproteinase-9, Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E-2 in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 37:169-177. [PMID: 35463116 PMCID: PMC8994009 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a heterogeneous lung disorder that is characterized by airflow obstruction and the third leading cause of death, globally. COPD is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Here, we measured the serum level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) and reveal the correlation between their levels in COPD subjects. In this study, we included a total of 79 COPD and 79 healthy controls. We assessed demographic profile, risk factors, respiratory symptoms, clinical history, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score and spirometry. Further, we determined the serum levels of MMP-9, COX-2 and PGE-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between their serum levels was also determined. Among the studied population age, gender, body mass index and socioeconomic status were comparable. Serum levels of MMP-9, COX-2 and PGE-2 were significantly increased in the COPD group than in healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Moreover, MMP-9, COX-2 and PGE-2 levels were increased with the GOLD grades and CAT score (> 10). Serum levels of MMP-9, COX-2 and PGE-2 was enhanced in patients with larger clinical history (> 20 years) than those with lower clinical history (< 10 years). Serum levels of MMP-9 and COX-2; MMP-9 and PGE-2; COX-2 and PGE-2 showed a positive correlation (P < 0.0001) with the COPD group. Our data demonstrate that serum levels of MMP-9, COX-2 and PGE-2 were correlated with the GOLD grade, CAT score and clinical history of the COPD group, pointing that they can be used as a indicators to understand the disease progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-021-00973-2.
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Mani S, Norel X, Varret M, Bchir S, Ben Anes A, Garrouch A, Tabka Z, Longrois D, Chahed K. Polymorphisms rs2745557 in PTGS2 and rs2075797 in PTGER2 are associated with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development in a Tunisian cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 166:102252. [PMID: 33545665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that polymorphisms of genes involved in the prostaglandin pathway could be associated with COPD. In this study we explored the involvement of genetic polymorphisms in PTGS2, PTGER2 and PTGER4 genes in the development and severity of COPD and their effects on plasma concentrations of inflammatory/oxidative stress markers. We identified genotypes of PTGS2, PTGER2 and PTGER4 SNPs in a Tunisian cohort including COPD patients (n = 138) and control subjects (n = 216) using PCR-RFLP and PCR TaqMan. Pulmonary function (FEV1 and FVC) were assessed by plethsmography. PGE2, PGD2 and cytokine plasma (IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, TGF-β) concentrations were measured using ELISA and colorimetric standard methods were used to determine oxidative stress concentrations. Genotype frequencies of rs2745557 in PTGS2 and rs2075797 in PTGER2 were different between COPD cases and controls. There was no correlation between these polymorphisms and lung function parameters. For rs2745557, the A allele frequency was higher in COPD cases than in controls. For rs2075797, carriers of the GG genotype were more frequent in the COPD group than in controls. Only rs2745557 in PTGS2 had an effect on PGD2 and cytokine plasma concentrations. PGD2 was significantly decreased in COPD patients with the GA or AA genotypes. In contrast, IL-18 and NO plasma concentrations were increased in COPD rs2745557 A allele carriers as compared to homozygous GG subjects. Our findings suggest that rs2745557 in PTGS2 and rs2075797 in PTGER2 are associated with COPD development but not with its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mani
- Sorbonne Paris nord University, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France; Institut supérieur de biotechnologies de Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia; UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Xavier Norel
- Sorbonne Paris nord University, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Varret
- INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France; Université de Paris, France
| | - Sarra Bchir
- Institut supérieur de biotechnologies de Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia; UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Anes
- UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Zouhair Tabka
- UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dan Longrois
- Sorbonne Paris nord University, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris,Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, DMU PARABOL, Paris, France
| | - Karim Chahed
- UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia; Faculté des sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Mousapasandi A, Herbert C, Thomas P. Potential use of biomarkers for the clinical evaluation of sarcoidosis. J Investig Med 2021; 69:jim-2020-001659. [PMID: 33452128 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. In the appropriate clinical and radiological context and with the exclusion of other diagnoses, the disease is characterized by the pathological presence of non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas. Sarcoidosis is postulated to be a multifactorial disease caused by chronic antigenic stimulation. The immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis encompasses a complex interaction between the host, genetic factors and postulated environmental and infectious triggers, which result in granuloma development.The exact pathogenesis of the disease has yet to be elucidated, but some of the inflammatory pathways that play a key role in disease progression and outcomes are becoming apparent, and these may form the logical basis for selecting potential biomarkers.Biomarkers are biological molecules that are altered pathologically. To date, there exists no single reliable biomarker for the evaluation of sarcoidosis, either diagnostically or prognostically but new candidates are emerging. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis ideally requires a biopsy confirming non-caseating granulomas, but the likelihood of progression that requires intervention remains unpredictable. These challenging aspects could be potentially resolved by incorporating biomarkers into clinical practice for both diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.This review outlines the current knowledge on sarcoidosis with an emphasis on pulmonary sarcoidosis, and delineates the understanding surrounding the implication of biomarkers for the clinical evaluation of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mousapasandi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristan Herbert
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Prince of Wales' Hospital and Prince of Wales' Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Smith DJ, Ellis PR, Turner AM. Exacerbations of Lung Disease in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2021; 8:162-176. [PMID: 33238089 PMCID: PMC8047608 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2020.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an important risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with AATD classically develop a different pattern of lung disease from those with usual COPD, decline faster and exhibit a range of differences in pathogenesis, all of which may be relevant to phenotype and/or impact of exacerbations. There are a number of definitions of exacerbation, with the main features being worsening of symptoms over at least 2 days, which may be associated with a change in treatment. In this article we review the literature surrounding exacerbations in AATD, focusing, in particular, on ways in which they may differ from such events in usual COPD, and the potential impact on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Smith
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Ellis
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M. Turner
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham, United Kingdom
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17
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:521-544. [PMID: 32938247 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1824238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure. In asthma condition, it results in the activation of numerous inflammatory cells like the mast and dendritic cells along with the accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes at the inflammation site. The structural cells such as airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells release inflammatory mediators that promote the bronchial inflammation. Long-lasting bronchial inflammation can cause pathological alterations, viz. the improved thickness of the bronchial epithelium and friability of airway epithelial cells, epithelium fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia. The stimulation of bronchial epithelial cell would result in the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells into bronchial airways and plays an important role in asthma. Asthma patients who do not respond to marketed antiasthmatic drugs needed novel biological medications to regulate the asthmatic situation. The present review enumerates various types of asthma, etiological factors, and in vivo animal models for the induction of asthma. The underlying pathological, immunological mechanism of action, the role of inflammatory mediators, the effect of inflammation on the bronchial airways, newer treatment approaches, and novel biological targets of asthma have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharat Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandawane, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Swieboda D, Littauer EQ, Beaver JT, Mills LK, Bricker KM, Esser ES, Antao OQ, Williams DT, Skountzou I. Pregnancy Downregulates Plasmablast Metabolic Gene Expression Following Influenza Without Altering Long-Term Antibody Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1785. [PMID: 32922392 PMCID: PMC7457062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the majority of influenza-infected individuals show no or mild symptomatology, pregnant women are at higher risk of complications and infection-associated mortality. Although enhanced lung pathology and dysregulated hormones are thought to underlie adverse pregnancy outcomes following influenza infection, how pregnancy confounds long-term maternal anti-influenza immunity remains to be elucidated. Previously, we linked seasonal influenza infection to clinical observations of adverse pregnancy outcomes, enhanced lung and placental histopathology, and reduced control of viral replication in lungs of infected pregnant mothers. Here, we expand on this work and demonstrate that lower infectious doses of the pandemic A/California/07/2009 influenza virus generated adverse gestational outcomes similar to higher doses of seasonal viruses. Mice infected during pregnancy demonstrated lower hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody titers than non-pregnant animals until 63 days post infection. These differences in humoral immunity suggest that pregnancy impacts antibody maturation mechanisms without alterations to B cell frequency or antibody secretion. This is further supported by transcriptional analysis of plasmablasts, which demonstrate downregulated B cell metabolism and post-translational modification systems only among pregnant animals. In sum, these findings corroborate a link between adverse pregnancy outcomes and severe pathology observed during pandemic influenza infection. Furthermore, our data propose that pregnancy directly confounds humoral responses following influenza infection which resolves post-partem. Additional studies are required to specify the involvement of plasmablast metabolism with early humoral immunity abnormalities to best guide vaccination strategies and improve our understanding of the immunological consequences of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jacob T Beaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa K Mills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Katherine M Bricker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Olivia Q Antao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dahnide T Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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19
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Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:133-169. [PMID: 32628989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation represents one of the most prominent examples. Inflammation serves as a well-conserved defence mechanism, triggered in the event of chemical, mechanical or microbial damage, that is meant to eradicate the source of damage and restore tissue function. However, excessive inflammatory signals, or impairment of pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory pathways leads to chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic pathologies. All main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids - namely eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophopsholipids and endocannabinoids - have been consistently involved in the chronic inflammation that characterises pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, asthma, as well as autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. This review gathers the current knowledge concerning the involvement of endogenous bioactive lipids in the pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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20
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Kazeminasab S, Emamalizadeh B, Jouyban A, Shoja MM, Khoubnasabjafari M. Macromolecular biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in exhaled breath condensate. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1047-1063. [PMID: 32940079 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers provide important diagnostic and prognostic information on heterogeneous diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, finding a suitable specimen for clinical analysis of biomarkers for COPD is challenging. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sampling is noninvasive, rapid, cost-effective and easily repeatable. EBC sampling has also provided recent progress in the identification of biological macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA in EBC samples, which has increased its utility for clinical scientists. In this article, we review applications involving EBC sampling for the analysis of COPD biomarkers and discuss its future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kazeminasab
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
- Liver & Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
| | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
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21
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Szucs B, Szucs C, Petrekanits M, Varga JT. Molecular Characteristics and Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with COPD: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4329. [PMID: 31487864 PMCID: PMC6770145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show systemic consequences, such as chronic systemic inflammation leading to changes in the airway, airway penetrability, and endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by a list of alterations of endothelium towards reduced vasodilation, proinflammatory state, detachment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, and development of atherosclerosis. COPD-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. The increment of physical activities such as pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) training have a significant effect on COPD, thus, PR can be an integrative part of COPD treatment. In this narrative review the focus is on the function of endothelial inflammatory mediators [cytokines, chemokines, and cellular proteases] and pulmonary endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction in COPD as well as the effects of dysfunction of the endothelium may play in COPD-related pulmonary hypertension. The relationship between smoking and endothelial dysfunction is also discussed. The connection between different pulmonary rehabilitation programs, arterial stiffness and pulse wave velocity (PWV) is presented. Endothelial dysfunction is a significant prognostic factor of COPD, which can be characterized by PWV. We discuss future considerations, like training programs, as an important part of the treatment that has a favorable impact on the endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Szucs
- PharmaFlight Research and Training Center, H-4030 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csilla Szucs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Mate Petrekanits
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, H-1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos T Varga
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
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22
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Uzan GC, Borekci S, Doventas YE, Koldas M, Gemicioglu B. The relationship between inflammatory markers and spirometric parameters in ACOS, Asthma, and COPD. J Asthma 2019; 57:1273-1279. [PMID: 31403365 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1652644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The inflammatory mechanisms underpinning asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), prostaglandin D2 (PG-D2), prostaglandin E2 (PG-E2), interleukin 5 (IL-5), and a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain (ADAM 33) in ACOS patients to determine the relationship between levels of these inflammatory markers and pulmonary functions.Methods: Blood samples were obtained from asthma, COPD, and ACOS patients who received combined therapy and were stable for the last month to measure cys-LTs, PG-D2, PG-E2, IL-5, and ADAM33 levels. Differences between groups and their correlations with pulmonary function tests were evaluated.Results: In total, 24 ACOS, 27 asthma, and 35 COPD patients were included. . PG-D2 levels were higher in ACOS (120.9 ± 117.2 ng/L) and asthma (119.6 ± 111.7 ng/L) patients than in COPD (82.6 ± 46.7 ng/L) patients (p = 0.036 and p = 0.038, respectively). In ACOS patients, PG-D2, cys-LTs, and ADAM33 levels were negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC% values (p = 0.021, p = 0.008, and p = 0.028, respectively). In COPD patients, a negative correlation was detected between PG-E2 and FEV1/FVC% (p = 0.007), whereas positive correlations were detected between IL-5 and pulmonary function tests, including FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%, FEF25-75, and FEF25-75% (p = 0.047, p = 0.005, p = 0.002, p = 0.002, p = 0.010, and p = 0.005, respectively). In asthma patients, cys-LTs levels were negatively correlated with FEV1 and FEF25-75 values (p = 0.045 and p = 0.037, respectively).Conclusions: PG-D2 levels may be a valuable biomarker to differentiate COPD in asthma and ACOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfidan Cakmak Uzan
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Borekci
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erdogan Doventas
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Macit Koldas
- Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilun Gemicioglu
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Chen H, Li Z, Dong L, Wu Y, Shen H, Chen Z. Lipid metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1009-1018. [PMID: 31190786 PMCID: PMC6524761 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s196210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism plays crucial roles in various diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest that alterations in major lipid metabolic pathways contribute to pathogenesis of lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These changes allow lung tissue to meet the energy needs and trigger anabolic pathways that initiate the synthesis of active molecules directly involved in the inflammation. In this review, we summarize the changes of catabolism and anabolism of lipids, lipid molecules including lipid mediators, lipid synthesis transcription factors, cholesterol, and phospholipids, and how those lipid molecules participate in the initiation and resolution of inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Sun H, Chen Q, Gu J, Ding Z, Xu Y. Effects of individual ozone exposure on lung function in the elderly: a cross-sectional study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11690-11695. [PMID: 30806931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the acute health effects of individual ozone (O3) exposure on the respiratory system in the elderly. A total of 40 non-smoking elderly volunteers completed personal 24 h of measurement for O3 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). To assess health effects, we measured the pulmonary function and five inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor α/β (TNFα/β). We used the generalized additive model to analyze the association between O3 and these health effects, after adjusting PM2.5, BMI, and sex as confounders. As a result, we found a negative correlation between O3 and forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV1). With the increasing of O3 by 10 μg/m3, FVC and FEV1 decreased by 0.13 L (95% CI 0.01, 0.26) and 0.11 L (95% CI 0.02, 0.20), respectively. We found no statistical significance between O3 and biomarkers in EBC. The results suggested that individual 24-h O3 exposure was associated with decreased pulmonary function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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van der Does AM, Heijink M, Mayboroda OA, Persson LJ, Aanerud M, Bakke P, Eagan TM, Hiemstra PS, Giera M. Dynamic differences in dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in sputum of COPD patients and controls. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:224-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Wallace MAG, Pleil JD. Evolution of clinical and environmental health applications of exhaled breath research: Review of methods and instrumentation for gas-phase, condensate, and aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:18-38. [PMID: 29776545 PMCID: PMC6082128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human breath, along with urine and blood, has long been one of the three major biological media for assessing human health and environmental exposure. In fact, the detection of odor on human breath, as described by Hippocrates in 400 BC, is considered the first analytical health assessment tool. Although less common in comparison to contemporary bio-fluids analyses, breath has become an attractive diagnostic medium as sampling is non-invasive, unlimited in timing and volume, and does not require clinical personnel. Exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) are different types of breath matrices used to assess human health and disease state. Over the past 20 years, breath research has made many advances in assessing health state, overcoming many of its initial challenges related to sampling and analysis. The wide variety of sampling techniques and collection devices that have been developed for these media are discussed herein. The different types of sensors and mass spectrometry instruments currently available for breath analysis are evaluated as well as emerging breath research topics, such as cytokines, security and airport surveillance, cellular respiration, and canine olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Geer Wallace
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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27
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Brandt SL, Wang S, Dejani NN, Klopfenstein N, Winfree S, Filgueiras L, McCarthy BP, Territo PR, Serezani CH. Excessive localized leukotriene B4 levels dictate poor skin host defense in diabetic mice. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120220. [PMID: 30185672 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly controlled diabetes leads to comorbidities and enhanced susceptibility to infections. While the immune components involved in wound healing in diabetes have been studied, the components involved in susceptibility to skin infections remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of the inflammatory lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4) signaling through its receptor B leukotriene receptor 1 (BLT1) in the progression of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infection in 2 models of diabetes. Diabetic mice produced higher levels of LTB4 in the skin, which correlated with larger nonhealing lesion areas and increased bacterial loads compared with nondiabetic mice. High LTB4 levels were also associated with dysregulated cytokine and chemokine production, excessive neutrophil migration but impaired abscess formation, and uncontrolled collagen deposition. Both genetic deletion and topical pharmacological BLT1 antagonism restored inflammatory response and abscess formation, followed by a reduction in the bacterial load and lesion area in the diabetic mice. Macrophage depletion in diabetic mice limited LTB4 production and improved abscess architecture and skin host defense. These data demonstrate that exaggerated LTB4/BLT1 responses mediate a derailed inflammatory milieu that underlies poor host defense in diabetes. Prevention of LTB4 production/actions could provide a new therapeutic strategy to restore host defense in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Brandt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sue Wang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Naiara N Dejani
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
| | - Seth Winfree
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Luciano Filgueiras
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brian P McCarthy
- Indiana Institute for Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul R Territo
- Indiana Institute for Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and.,Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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28
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Moussa BA, El-Zaher AA, El-Ashrey MK, Fouad MA. Synthesis and molecular docking of new roflumilast analogues as preferential-selective potent PDE-4B inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic profile. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:477-486. [PMID: 29477888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we designed and synthesized new roflumilast analogues with preferential-selective PDE-4B inhibition activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties. The unsubstituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl and -6-yl benzamide derivatives (4a and 6a) showed both good potency and preferential selectivity for PDE-4B. More remarkably, 6c revealed 6 times preferential PDE-4B/4D selectivity with a significant increase of in vitro cAMP and good % inhibition of TNF-α concentration. In addition, the in vitro pharmacokinetics of 6c showed good metabolic stability with in vitro CLint (5.67 mL/min/kg) and moderate % plasma protein binding (53.71%). This was reflected onto increased in vivo exposure with a half-life greater than roflumilast by 3 folds (21 h) and a Cmax value of 113.958 ng/mL. Molecular docking attributed its good activity to its key binding interactions in PDE-4B active site with additional hydrogen bonding with amino acids lining the metal pocket. Summing up, 6c can be considered as suitable candidate for further investigation for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia A Moussa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El-Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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29
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Systematic approaches for biodiagnostics using exhaled air. J Control Release 2017; 268:282-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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H1N1 influenza virus infection results in adverse pregnancy outcomes by disrupting tissue-specific hormonal regulation. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006757. [PMID: 29176767 PMCID: PMC5720832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased susceptibility to influenza virus infection during pregnancy has been attributed to immunological changes occurring before and during gestation in order to “tolerate” the developing fetus. These systemic changes are most often characterized by a suppression of cell-mediated immunity and elevation of humoral immune responses referred to as the Th1-Th2 shift. However, the underlying mechanisms which increase pregnant mothers’ risk following influenza virus infection have not been fully elucidated. We used pregnant BALB/c mice during mid- to late gestation to determine the impact of a sub-lethal infection with A/Brisbane/59/07 H1N1 seasonal influenza virus on completion of gestation. Maternal and fetal health status was closely monitored and compared to infected non-pregnant mice. Severity of infection during pregnancy was correlated with premature rupture of amniotic membranes (PROM), fetal survival and body weight at birth, lung viral load and degree of systemic and tissue inflammation mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses. Here we report that influenza virus infection resulted in dysregulation of inflammatory responses that led to pre-term labor, impairment of fetal growth, increased fetal mortality and maternal morbidity. We observed significant compartment-specific immune responses correlated with changes in hormonal synthesis and regulation. Dysregulation of progesterone, COX-2, PGE2 and PGF2α expression in infected pregnant mice was accompanied by significant remodeling of placental architecture and upregulation of MMP-9 early after infection. Collectively these findings demonstrate the potential of a seasonal influenza virus to initiate a powerful pro-abortive mechanism with adverse outcomes in fetal health. Maternal immunology is finely balanced to maintain a tolerant and supportive molecular environment for the developing fetus while continuing surveillance against foreign microbial threats. Influenza viral infection during pregnancy is a significant clinical risk for mothers and their newborns, increasing hospitalization, preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal and neonatal deaths worldwide. In a mouse pregnancy model, we show how influenza virus infection disrupts the delicate and interconnected cytokine and hormonal signaling pathways that respond to respiratory pathogens. The health of mothers and offspring was impacted in our study, after pregnant mothers’ lung and placental architecture was compromised by infection. Influenza virus infection increased the stress on the mother’s body already present due to pregnancy, or reversed the hormonal environment required to establish and maintain healthy pregnancy. By dissecting the effects of inflammation post-infection throughout the mother’s anatomy, we can tailor anti-inflammatory treatments for the pregnant population. Also, thorough knowledge of immune responses will assist in tailoring vaccine design and dosage for this delicate period of women’s immunological and reproductive health.
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Ezegbunam W, Foronjy R. Posttranscriptional control of airway inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 9. [PMID: 29071794 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation in the lungs is a vital protective response, efficiently and swiftly eliminating inciters of tissue injury. However, in respiratory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators leads to tissue damage and impaired lung function. Although transcription is an essential first step in the induction of proinflammatory genes, tight regulation of inflammation requires more rapid, flexible responses. Increasing evidence shows that such responses are achieved by posttranscriptional mechanisms directly affecting mRNA stability and translation initiation. RNA-binding proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs interact with messenger RNA and each other to impact the stability and/or translation of mRNAs implicated in lung inflammation. Recent research has shown that these biological processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of several important pulmonary conditions. This review will highlight several posttranscriptional control mechanisms that influence lung inflammation and the known associations of derangements in these mechanisms with common respiratory diseases. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1455. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1455 This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ezegbunam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Ikari J, Nelson AJ, Obaid J, Giron-Martinez A, Ikari K, Makino F, Iwasawa S, Gunji Y, Farid M, Wang X, Basma H, Demeo D, Feghali-Bostwick C, Holz O, Rabe K, Liu X, Rennard SI. Reduced microRNA-503 expression augments lung fibroblast VEGF production in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184039. [PMID: 28880936 PMCID: PMC5589164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression may contribute to COPD pathogenesis. In COPD, lung fibroblast repair functions are altered in multiple ways, including extracellular mediator release. Our prior study revealed miR-503 expression is decreased in COPD lung fibroblasts, although the exact role played by miR-503 is undetermined. The current study examined a role of miR-503 in cytokine, growth factor and fibronectin production by lung fibroblasts from patients with and without COPD. Primary adult lung fibroblasts were isolated from patients with or without COPD. MiR-503 expression and interleukin (IL)-6, -8, PGE2, HGF, KGF, VEGF and fibronectin release were examined with or without inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. MiR-503 expression was decreased in COPD lung fibroblasts. The expression of miR-503 was positively correlated with %FVC, %FEV1, and %DLco as well as IL-6, -8, PGE2, HGF, KGF, and VEGF in the absence or presence of IL-1ß/TNF-α. In addition, IL-8 and VEGF release from COPD lung fibroblasts were increased compared to those from control. Exogenous miR-503 inhibited VEGF release from primary adult and fetal lung fibroblasts but not IL-8 release. As expected, COPD fibroblasts proliferated more slowly than control fibroblasts. MiR-503 did not affect proliferation of either control or COPD lung fibroblasts. MiR-503 inhibition of VEGF protein production and mRNA was mediated by direct binding to the 3' untranslated region of VEGF mRNA. Endogenous miR-503 was differently regulated by exogenous stimulants associated with COPD pathogenesis, including IL-1ß/TNF-α, TGF-ß1 and PGE2. Endogenous miR-503 inhibition augmented VEGF release by IL-1ß/TNF-α and TGF-ß1 but not by PGE2, demonstrating selectivity of miR-503 regulation of VEGF. In conclusions, reduced miR-503 augments VEGF release from lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD. Since VEGF contributes to disturbed vasculature in COPD, altered miR-503 production might play a role in modulating fibroblast-mediated vascular homeostasis in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ikari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Amy J. Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jannah Obaid
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Giron-Martinez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kumiko Ikari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Fumihiko Makino
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shunichiro Iwasawa
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Yoko Gunji
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maha Farid
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xingqi Wang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Hesham Basma
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Dawn Demeo
- Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carol Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL, BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Rabe
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Stephen I. Rennard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1541-1558. [PMID: 28659395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) both cause airway obstruction and are associated with chronic inflammation of the airways. However, the nature and sites of the inflammation differ between these diseases, resulting in different pathology, clinical manifestations and response to therapy. In this review, the inflammatory and cellular mechanisms of asthma and COPD are compared and the differences in inflammatory cells and profile of inflammatory mediators are highlighted. These differences account for the differences in clinical manifestations of asthma and COPD and their response to therapy. Although asthma and COPD are usually distinct, there are some patients who show an overlap of features, which may be explained by the coincidence of two common diseases or distinct phenotypes of each disease. It is important to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD in order to develop new treatments in areas of unmet need, such as severe asthma, curative therapy for asthma and effective anti-inflammatory treatments for COPD.
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Hayashi H, Fukutomi Y, Mitsui C, Nakatani E, Watai K, Kamide Y, Sekiya K, Tsuburai T, Ito S, Hasegawa Y, Taniguchi M. Smoking Cessation as a Possible Risk Factor for the Development of Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease in Smokers. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 6:116-125.e3. [PMID: 28583479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by the low expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in airway epithelia, which decreases the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Conversely, cigarette smoke stimulates COX-2 expression in airway epithelia. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the development of AERD would be suppressed by elevated PGE2 levels in smokers, and smoking cessation might increase susceptibility to AERD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and the risk of AERD development. METHODS The smoking status of patients with AERD (n = 114) was compared with 2 control groups with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA), patients diagnosed by a systemic aspirin provocation test (ATA-1, n = 83) and outpatients randomly selected from a large-scale dataset (ATA-2, n = 914), as well as a healthy control group (HC, n = 2313). RESULTS At the age of asthma onset, there was a low frequency of current smokers (9.7%), but a high frequency of past smokers (20.2%) in the AERD group compared with the ATA-1 (20.5% and 12.0% for current and past smokers, respectively), ATA-2 (24.5% and 10.3%, respectively), and HC group (26.2% and 12.6%, respectively). After adjustment for confounding variables, AERD was positively associated with smoking cessation between 1 and 4 years before disease onset compared with the ATA-2 group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.16-9.93) and the HC group (aOR 4.09, 95% CI: 2.07-8.05), implying that smoking cessation was followed by the development of AERD. CONCLUSION Smoking cessation may be a risk factor for the development of AERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hayashi
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuma Fukutomi
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mitsui
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakatani
- Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watai
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kamide
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sekiya
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuburai
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masami Taniguchi
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Belvisi MG, Birrell MA, Khalid S, Wortley MA, Dockry R, Coote J, Holt K, Dubuis E, Kelsall A, Maher SA, Bonvini S, Woodcock A, Smith JA. Neurophenotypes in Airway Diseases. Insights from Translational Cough Studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 193:1364-72. [PMID: 26741046 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1602oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Most airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are associated with excessive coughing. The extent to which this may be a consequence of increased activation of vagal afferents by pathology in the airways (e.g., inflammatory mediators, excessive mucus) or an altered neuronal phenotype is unknown. Understanding whether respiratory diseases are associated with dysfunction of airway sensory nerves has the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVES To assess the changes in cough responses to a range of inhaled irritants in COPD and model these in animals to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cough responses to inhaled stimuli in patients with COPD, healthy smokers, refractory chronic cough, asthma, and healthy volunteers were assessed and compared with vagus/airway nerve and cough responses in a cigarette smoke (CS) exposure guinea pig model. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients with COPD had heightened cough responses to capsaicin but reduced responses to prostaglandin E2 compared with healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the different patient groups all exhibited different patterns of modulation of cough responses. Consistent with these findings, capsaicin caused a greater number of coughs in CS-exposed guinea pigs than in control animals; similar increased responses were observed in ex vivo vagus nerve and neuron cell bodies in the vagal ganglia. However, responses to prostaglandin E2 were decreased by CS exposure. CONCLUSIONS CS exposure is capable of inducing responses consistent with phenotypic switching in airway sensory nerves comparable with the cough responses observed in patients with COPD. Moreover, the differing profiles of cough responses support the concept of disease-specific neurophenotypes in airway disease. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01297790).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Belvisi
- 1 Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Division of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Birrell
- 1 Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Division of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saifudin Khalid
- 2 Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Michael A Wortley
- 1 Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Division of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Dockry
- 2 Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Julie Coote
- 1 Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Division of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,3 Respiratory Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberley Holt
- 2 Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Eric Dubuis
- 1 Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Division of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Kelsall
- 2 Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah A Maher
- 1 Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Division of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bonvini
- 1 Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Division of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Woodcock
- 2 Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jaclyn A Smith
- 2 Centre for Respiratory and Allergy, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; and
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Horváth I, Barnes PJ, Loukides S, Sterk PJ, Högman M, Olin AC, Amann A, Antus B, Baraldi E, Bikov A, Boots AW, Bos LD, Brinkman P, Bucca C, Carpagnano GE, Corradi M, Cristescu S, de Jongste JC, Dinh-Xuan AT, Dompeling E, Fens N, Fowler S, Hohlfeld JM, Holz O, Jöbsis Q, Van De Kant K, Knobel HH, Kostikas K, Lehtimäki L, Lundberg J, Montuschi P, Van Muylem A, Pennazza G, Reinhold P, Ricciardolo FLM, Rosias P, Santonico M, van der Schee MP, van Schooten FJ, Spanevello A, Tonia T, Vink TJ. A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/4/1600965. [PMID: 28446552 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00965-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breath tests cover the fraction of nitric oxide in expired gas (FeNO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), variables in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and other measurements. For EBC and for FeNO, official recommendations for standardised procedures are more than 10 years old and there is none for exhaled VOCs and particles. The aim of this document is to provide technical standards and recommendations for sample collection and analytic approaches and to highlight future research priorities in the field. For EBC and FeNO, new developments and advances in technology have been evaluated in the current document. This report is not intended to provide clinical guidance on disease diagnosis and management.Clinicians and researchers with expertise in exhaled biomarkers were invited to participate. Published studies regarding methodology of breath tests were selected, discussed and evaluated in a consensus-based manner by the Task Force members.Recommendations for standardisation of sampling, analysing and reporting of data and suggestions for research to cover gaps in the evidence have been created and summarised.Application of breath biomarker measurement in a standardised manner will provide comparable results, thereby facilitating the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Horváth
- Dept of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Peter J Sterk
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieann Högman
- Centre for Research & Development, Uppsala University/Gävleborg County Council, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Anton Amann
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Balazs Antus
- Dept of Pathophysiology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andras Bikov
- Dept of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe D Bos
- Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caterina Bucca
- Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Universita' di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Cristescu
- Dept of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Dept of Pediatrics/Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC-Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edward Dompeling
- Dept of Paediatrics/Family Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Fens
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Fowler
- Respiratory Research Group, University of Manchester Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany.,Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olaf Holz
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Quirijn Jöbsis
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Van De Kant
- Dept of Paediatrics/Family Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo H Knobel
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 11, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jon Lundberg
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Pharmacology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alain Van Muylem
- Hopital Erasme Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Pennazza
- Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Clinic of Respiratory Disease, Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Philippe Rosias
- Dept of Paediatrics/Family Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Dept of Pediatrics, Maasland Hospital, Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Santonico
- Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marc P van der Schee
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thomy Tonia
- European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teunis J Vink
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 11, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Cruickshank-Quinn C, Armstrong M, Powell R, Gomez J, Elie M, Reisdorph N. Determining the presence of asthma-related molecules and salivary contamination in exhaled breath condensate. Respir Res 2017; 18:57. [PMID: 28403875 PMCID: PMC5389118 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers investigating lung diseases, such as asthma, have questioned whether certain compounds previously reported in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) originate from saliva contamination. Moreover, despite its increasing use in ‘omics profiling studies, the constituents of EBC remain largely uncharacterized. The present study aims to define the usefulness of EBC in investigating lung disease by comparing EBC, saliva, and saliva-contaminated EBC using targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry and the potential of metabolite loss from adsorption to EBC sample collection tubes. Methods Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze samples from 133 individuals from three different cohorts. Levels of amino acids and eicosanoids, two classes of molecules previously reported in EBC and saliva, were measured using targeted LC-MS. Cohort 1 was used to examine contamination of EBC by saliva. Samples from Cohort 1 consisted of clean EBC, saliva-contaminated EBC, and clean saliva from 13 healthy volunteers; samples were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS. Cohort 2 was used to compare eicosanoid levels from matched EBC and saliva collected from 107 asthmatic subjects. Samples were analyzed using both targeted and untargeted LC-MS. Cohort 3 samples consisted of clean-EBC collected from 13 subjects, including smokers and non-smokers, and were used to independently confirm findings; samples were analyzed using targeted LC-MS, untargeted LC-MS, and proteomics. In addition to human samples, an in-house developed nebulizing system was used to determine the potential for EBC samples to be contaminated by saliva. Results Out of the 400 metabolites detected in both EBC and saliva, 77 were specific to EBC; however, EBC samples were concentrated 20-fold to achieve this level of sensitivity. Amino acid concentrations ranged from 196 pg/mL – 4 μg/mL (clean EBC), 1.98 ng/mL – 6 μg/mL (saliva-contaminated EBC), and 13.84 ng/mL – 1256 mg/mL (saliva). Eicosanoid concentration ranges were an order of magnitude lower; 10 pg/mL – 76.5 ng/mL (clean EBC), 10 pg/mL – 898 ng/mL (saliva-contaminated EBC), and 2.54 ng/mL – 272.9 mg/mL (saliva). Although the sample size of the replication cohort (Cohort 3) did not allow for statistical comparisons, two proteins and 19 eicosanoids were detected in smoker vs. non-smoker clean-EBC. Conclusions We conclude that metabolites are present and detectable in EBC using LC-MS; however, a large starting volume of sample is required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0538-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmion Cruickshank-Quinn
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Roger Powell
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Joe Gomez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Marc Elie
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, Aurora, CO, 80045-2605, USA.
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38
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Kim HP, Lim H, Kwon YS. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents on Lung Inflammatory Disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:91-104. [PMID: 27956716 PMCID: PMC5340533 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are essentially lung inflammatory disorders. Various plant extracts and their constituents showed therapeutic effects on several animal models of lung inflammation. These include coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, iridoids, monoterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenoids. Some of them exerted inhibitory action mainly by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear transcription factor-κB activation. Especially, many flavonoid derivatives distinctly showed effectiveness on lung inflammation. In this review, the experimental data for plant extracts and their constituents showing therapeutic effectiveness on animal models of lung inflammation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
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39
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Rumzhum NN, Ammit AJ. Cyclooxygenase 2: its regulation, role and impact in airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:397-410. [PMID: 26685098 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2: official gene symbol - PTGS2) has long been regarded as playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in respiratory diseases including asthma. COX-2 can be rapidly and robustly expressed in response to a diverse range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Thus, increased levels of COX-2 protein and prostanoid metabolites serve as key contributors to pathobiology in respiratory diseases typified by dysregulated inflammation. But COX-2 products may not be all bad: prostanoids can exert anti-inflammatory/bronchoprotective functions in airways in addition to their pro-inflammatory actions. Herein, we outline COX-2 regulation and review the diverse stimuli known to induce COX-2 in the context of airway inflammation. We discuss some of the positive and negative effects that COX-2/prostanoids can exert in in vitro and in vivo models of airway inflammation, and suggest that inhibiting COX-2 expression to repress airway inflammation may be too blunt an approach; because although it might reduce the unwanted effects of COX-2 activation, it may also negate the positive effects. Evidence suggests that prostanoids produced via COX-2 upregulation show diverse actions (and herein we focus on prostaglandin E2 as a key example); these can be either beneficial or deleterious and their impact on respiratory disease can be dictated by local concentration and specific interaction with individual receptors. We propose that understanding the regulation of COX-2 expression and associated receptor-mediated functional outcomes may reveal number of critical steps amenable to pharmacological intervention. These may prove invaluable in our quest towards future development of novel anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Rumzhum
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A J Ammit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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40
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Yaghi A, Dolovich MB. Airway Epithelial Cell Cilia and Obstructive Lung Disease. Cells 2016; 5:cells5040040. [PMID: 27845721 PMCID: PMC5187524 DOI: 10.3390/cells5040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium is the first line of defense against exposure of the airway and lung to various inflammatory stimuli. Ciliary beating of airway epithelial cells constitutes an important part of the mucociliary transport apparatus. To be effective in transporting secretions out of the lung, the mucociliary transport apparatus must exhibit a cohesive beating of all ciliated epithelial cells that line the upper and lower respiratory tract. Cilia function can be modulated by exposures to endogenous and exogenous factors and by the viscosity of the mucus lining the epithelium. Cilia function is impaired in lung diseases such as COPD and asthma, and pharmacologic agents can modulate cilia function and mucus viscosity. Cilia beating is reduced in COPD, however, more research is needed to determine the structural-functional regulation of ciliary beating via all signaling pathways and how this might relate to the initiation or progression of obstructive lung diseases. Additionally, genotypes and how these can influence phenotypes and epithelial cell cilia function and structure should be taken into consideration in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Yaghi
- Firestone Research Aerosol Laboratory, Fontbonne Bldg. Room F132, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Ave East, FIRH Room T2135, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
| | - Myrna B Dolovich
- Firestone Research Aerosol Laboratory, Fontbonne Bldg. Room F132, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, 50 Charlton Ave East, FIRH Room T2135, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Chen B, You WJ, Xue S, Qin H, Zhao XJ, Zhang M, Liu XQ, Zhu SY, Jiang HD. Overexpression of farnesoid X receptor in small airways contributes to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and COX-2 expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3063-3074. [PMID: 28066584 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contribute to airway remodelling and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent data suggest that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor traditionally considered as bile acid-activated receptor, is also expressed in non-classical bile acids target tissues with novel functions beyond regulating bile acid homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of FXR in the development of COPD, as well as factors that affect FXR expression. METHODS Expression of FXR, EMT biomarkers and COX-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry in lung tissues from non-smokers, smokers, and smokers with COPD. The role of FXR in TGF-β1-induced EMT and COX-2 expression in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells was evaluated in vitro. Factors regulating FXR expression were assessed in cultured HBE cells and a cigarette smoke-induced rat model of COPD. RESULTS Expression of FXR, EMT markers and COX-2 was significantly elevated in small airway epithelium of COPD patients compared with controls. The staining scores of FXR in small airway epithelium were negatively related with FEV1% of predicted of smokers without and with COPD. FXR agonist GW4064 remarkably enhanced and FXR antagonist Z-Guggulsterone significantly inhibited EMT changes in TGF-β1-treated HBE cells. Both chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and GW4064 increased COX-2 expression in HBE cells, whereas Z-Guggulsterone dramatically restrained CDCA-induced COX-2 expression. Finally, FXR expression is induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in HBE cells, as well as by cigarette smoke exposure in a rat model of COPD. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of FXR in small airway may contribute to airway remodelling and inflammation in COPD by regulating EMT and COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wen-Jie You
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xu-Ji Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shu-Yang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Han-Dong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Pyasi K, Tufvesson E, Moitra S. Evaluating the role of leukotriene-modifying drugs in asthma management: Are their benefits 'losing in translation'? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:52-59. [PMID: 27651322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) initiate a cascade of reactions that cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation in asthma. LT-modifying drugs have been proved very effective to reduce inflammation and associated exacerbation however despite some illustrious clinical trials the usage of these drugs remains overlooked because the evidence to support their utility in asthma management has been mixed and varied between studies. Although, there are plenty of evidences which suggest that the leukotriene-modifying drugs provide consistent improvement even after just the first oral dose and reduce asthma exacerbations, the beneficial effect of these drugs has remained sparse and widely debated. And these beneficial effects are often overlooked because most of the clinical studies include a mixed population of asthmatics who do not respond to LT-modifiers equally. Therefore, in the present era of personalized medicine, it is important to properly stratify the patients and non-invasive measurements of biomarkers may warrant the possibility to characterize biological/pathological pathway to direct treatment to those who will benefit from it. Endotyping based on individual's leukotriene levels should probably ascertain a subgroup of patients that would clearly benefit from the treatment even though the trial fails to show overall significance. In this article, we have methodically evaluated contemporary literature describing the efficacy of LT-modifying drugs in the management of asthma and highlighted the importance of phenotyping the asthmatics for better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Pyasi
- Molecular Respiratory Research Laboratory, Chest Research Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Subhabrata Moitra
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pneumology, Allergy and Asthma Research Centre, Kolkata, India.
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Youssef O, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G, Piirilä P, Knuuttila A, Knuutila S. Exhaled breath condensate as a source of biomarkers for lung carcinomas. A focus on genetic and epigenetic markers-A mini-review. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:905-914. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Youssef
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Virinder Kaur Sarhadi
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS-Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aija Knuuttila
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Sparkes AH, Mardell EJ, Deaton C, Kirschvink N, Marlin D. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection in cats—description of a non-invasive technique to investigate airway disease. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 6:335-8. [PMID: 15363765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate has been collected in other species and used as a non-invasive method of evaluating airway disease by measurement of various markers in the fluid, including hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, leukotrienes and prostaglandins. We describe a novel technique for the collection of exhaled breath condensate from cats, which enabled collection of fluid and measurement of its hydrogen peroxide concentration. Further studies will be needed to establish the value of this technique in the investigation of feline respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Sparkes
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, The Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK.
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Barnes PJ. Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:16-27. [PMID: 27373322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation affecting predominantly the lung parenchyma and peripheral airways that results in largely irreversible and progressive airflow limitation. This inflammation is characterized by increased numbers of alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes (predominantly TC1, TH1, and TH17 cells), and innate lymphoid cells recruited from the circulation. These cells and structural cells, including epithelial and endothelial cells and fibroblasts, secrete a variety of proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators. Although most patients with COPD have a predominantly neutrophilic inflammation, some have an increase in eosinophil counts, which might be orchestrated by TH2 cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells though release of IL-33 from epithelial cells. These patients might be more responsive to corticosteroids and bronchodilators. Oxidative stress plays a key role in driving COPD-related inflammation, even in ex-smokers, and might result in activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), impaired antiprotease defenses, DNA damage, cellular senescence, autoantibody generation, and corticosteroid resistance though inactivation of histone deacetylase 2. Systemic inflammation is also found in patients with COPD and can worsen comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Accelerated aging in the lungs of patients with COPD can also generate inflammatory protein release from senescent cells in the lung. In the future, it will be important to recognize phenotypes of patients with optimal responses to more specific therapies, and development of biomarkers that identify the therapeutic phenotypes will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Hashimoto Y, Sugiura H, Togo S, Koarai A, Abe K, Yamada M, Ichikawa T, Kikuchi T, Numakura T, Onodera K, Tanaka R, Sato K, Yanagisawa S, Okazaki T, Tamada T, Kikuchi T, Hoshikawa Y, Okada Y, Ichinose M. 27-Hydroxycholesterol accelerates cellular senescence in human lung resident cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1028-41. [PMID: 27036870 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00351.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously showed that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is elevated in the airways of COPD patients compared with those in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lung fibroblasts of COPD patients are senescent and to determine the effects of 27-OHC on senescence of lung resident cells, including fibroblasts and airway epithelial cells. Localization of senescence-associated proteins and sterol 27-hydroxylase was investigated in the lungs of COPD patients by immunohistochemical staining. To evaluate whether 27-OHC accelerates cellular senescence, lung resident cells were exposed to 27-OHC. Senescence markers and fibroblast-mediated tissue repair were investigated in the 27-OHC-treated cells. Expression of senescence-associated proteins was significantly enhanced in lung fibroblasts of COPD patients. Similarly, expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase was significantly upregulated in lung fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages in these patients. Treatment with the concentration of 27-OHC detected in COPD airways significantly augmented expression of senescence-associated proteins and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, and delayed cell growth through the prostaglandin E2-reactive nitrogen species pathway. The 27-OHC-treated fibroblasts impaired tissue repair function. Fibroblasts from lungs of COPD patients showed accelerated senescence and were more susceptible to 27-OHC-induced cellular senescence compared with those of healthy subjects. In conclusion, 27-OHC accelerates cellular senescence in lung resident cells and may play a pivotal role in cellular senescence in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan;
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kyoko Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Numakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Onodera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Yanagisawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Okazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; and
| | - Yasushi Hoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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47
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Jones VC, Birrell MA, Maher SA, Griffiths M, Grace M, O'Donnell VB, Clark SR, Belvisi MG. Role of EP2 and EP4 receptors in airway microvascular leak induced by prostaglandin E2. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:992-1004. [PMID: 26639895 PMCID: PMC4831025 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Airway microvascular leak (MVL) involves the extravasation of proteins from post-capillary venules into surrounding tissue. MVL is a cardinal sign of inflammation and an important feature of airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma. PGE2, a product of COX-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid, binds to four receptors, termed EP1–4. PGE2 has a wide variety of effects within the airway, including modulation of inflammation, sensory nerve activation and airway tone. However, the effect of PGE2 on airway MVL and the receptor/s that mediate this have not been described. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Evans Blue dye was used as a marker of airway MVL, and selective EP receptor agonists and antagonists were used alongside EP receptor-deficient mice to define the receptor subtype involved. KEY RESULTS PGE2 induced significant airway MVL in mice and guinea pigs. A significant reduction in PGE2-induced MVL was demonstrated in Ptger2−/− and Ptger4−/− mice and in wild-type mice pretreated simultaneously with EP2 (PF-04418948) and EP4 (ER-819762) receptor antagonists. In a model of allergic asthma, an increase in airway levels of PGE2 was associated with a rise in MVL; this change was absent in Ptger2−/− and Ptger4−/− mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PGE2 is a key mediator produced by the lung and has widespread effects according to the EP receptor activated. Airway MVL represents a response to injury and under ‘disease’ conditions is a prominent feature of airway inflammation. The data presented highlight a key role for EP2 and EP4 receptors in MVL induced by PGE2.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens
- Animals
- Asthma/metabolism
- Azetidines/pharmacology
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Capillary Permeability
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Guinea Pigs
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Methyl Ethers/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Trachea/metabolism
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48
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Zaslona Z, Peters-Golden M. Prostanoids in Asthma and COPD: Actions, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Chest 2016. [PMID: 26204554 DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiologic gaps in the actions of currently available treatments for asthma and COPD include neutrophilic inflammation, airway remodeling, and alveolar destruction. All of these processes can be modulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate-elevating prostaglandins E2 and I2 (also known as prostacyclin). These prostanoids have long been known to elicit bronchodilation and to protect against bronchoconstriction provoked by a variety of stimuli. Much less well known is their capacity to inhibit inflammatory responses involving activation of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils, as well as to attenuate epithelial injury and mesenchymal cell activation. This profile of actions identifies prostanoids as attractive candidates for exogenous administration in asthma. By contrast, excessive prostanoid production and signaling might contribute to both the increased susceptibility to infections that drive COPD exacerbations and the inadequate alveolar repair that characterizes emphysema. Inhibition of endogenous prostanoid synthesis or signaling, thus, has therapeutic potential for these types of patients. By virtue of their pleiotropic capacity to modulate numerous pathophysiologic processes relevant to the expression and natural history of airway diseases, prostanoids emerge as attractive targets for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zaslona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI..
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49
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Oh DY, Olefsky JM. G protein-coupled receptors as targets for anti-diabetic therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:161-72. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Santini G, Mores N, Shohreh R, Valente S, Dabrowska M, Trové A, Zini G, Cattani P, Fuso L, Mautone A, Mondino C, Pagliari G, Sala A, Folco G, Aiello M, Pisi R, Chetta A, Losi M, Clini E, Ciabattoni G, Montuschi P. Exhaled and non-exhaled non-invasive markers for assessment of respiratory inflammation in patients with stable COPD and healthy smokers. J Breath Res 2016; 10:017102. [PMID: 26814886 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/017102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at comparing exhaled and non-exhaled non-invasive markers of respiratory inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy subjects and define their relationships with smoking habit. Forty-eight patients with stable COPD who were ex-smokers, 17 patients with stable COPD who were current smokers, 12 healthy current smokers and 12 healthy ex-smokers were included in a cross-sectional, observational study. Inflammatory outcomes, including prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 15-F2t-isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) concentrations in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and sputum supernatants, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and sputum cell counts, and functional (spirometry) outcomes were measured. Sputum PGE2 was elevated in both groups of smokers compared with ex-smoker counterpart (COPD: P < 0.02; healthy subjects: P < 0.03), whereas EBC PGE2 was elevated in current (P = 0.0065) and ex-smokers with COPD (P = 0.0029) versus healthy ex-smokers. EBC 15-F2t-IsoP, a marker of oxidative stress, was increased in current and ex-smokers with COPD (P < 0.0001 for both) compared with healthy ex-smokers, whereas urinary 15-F2t-IsoP was elevated in both smoker groups (COPD: P < 0.01; healthy subjects: P < 0.02) versus healthy ex-smokers. FENO was elevated in ex-smokers with COPD versus smoker groups (P = 0.0001 for both). These data suggest that the biological meaning of these inflammatory markers depends on type of marker and biological matrix in which is measured. An approach combining different types of outcomes can be used for assessing respiratory inflammation in patients with COPD. Large studies are required to establish the clinical utility of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Santini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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