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Tamayo Cuartero C, Radford AD, Szilassy E, Newton JR, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F. Stakeholder opinion-led study to identify canine priority diseases for surveillance and control in the UK. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3167. [PMID: 37415378 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pathogens cause disease in dogs; however, meaningful surveillance in small companion animals is often only possible for the most impactful diseases. We describe the first stakeholder opinion-led approach to identify which canine infectious diseases should be prioritised for inclusion in surveillance and control strategies in the UK. METHODS Participants were identified through a stakeholder analysis. A multicriteria decision analysis was undertaken to establish and weight epidemiological criteria for evaluating diseases, and a Delphi technique was employed to achieve a consensus among participants on the top-priority canine diseases. RESULTS Nineteen stakeholders from multiple backgrounds participated in this study. Leptospirosis and parvovirus were identified as the top two endemic diseases of concern, while leishmaniosis and babesiosis were the top two exotic diseases. Respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases were identified as the top two syndromes of concern. LIMITATIONS Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of participants was reduced. Despite this, a representative multidisciplinary sample of relevant stakeholders contributed to the present study. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study are being used to inform the development of a future UK-wide epidemic response strategy. This methodology could provide a blueprint for other countries.
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Zitzer NC. The Greatness of Glass. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:29-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pisco V, Beck S, Walker JJ, Lopes B, Ives E, Holm LP, Walker DJ. Cerebral Microangiopathy in Two Dogs with Cutaneous and Renal Glomerular Vasculopathy. J Comp Pathol 2021; 184:95-100. [PMID: 33894885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) is an emerging disease in the UK, but its aetiology remains unclear. It is considered a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in which the kidney and skin are the most commonly affected organs. We now document two cases of CRGV with brain lesions, which may have accounted for neurological signs displayed by these animals. The histopathological brain lesions were similar to TMA lesions in humans with thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP) and complement-mediated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (CM-HUS), in which the neurological signs are more associated with TMA than with any systemic disease or electrolyte imbalance. Fibrinoid necrosis in brain arterioles and associated lesions in these dogs were similar to those in human CM-HUS, indicating that the alternative complement pathway may play an important role in the pathophysiology of CRGV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Pisco
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, UK.
| | - Sam Beck
- VPG Histology, (formerly Bridge) Horner Court, 637 Gloucester Road, Horfield, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Bruno Lopes
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, UK
| | - Edward Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, UK
| | - Laura P Holm
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, UK
| | - David J Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Hursley, Winchester, UK
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Walker JJA, Holm LP, Sarmiento ÓG, Caianiello R, Cortellini S, Walker DJ. Clinicopathological features of cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy in 178 dogs. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e72. [PMID: 33829498 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One hundred seventy-eight dogs with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) were evaluated to further the understanding of the natural course of CRGV. CRGV, a form of thrombotic microangiopathy, can cause skin lesions and potentially acute kidney injury (AKI) with a high mortality rate. METHODS Cases were submitted from multiple practices from 2012 until June 2019. Clinical histories and laboratory data were reviewed to describe the features of CRGV. RESULTS Most cases (91%) occurred between November and May. Fifteen dogs (8.4%) with CRGV were in contact with another dog that developed skin lesions +/- AKI. Limb lesions were present on 144 dogs (80.9%) at presentation. Median time from appearance of a lesion to AKI was 3 days (range -4-45 days). Neurological signs occurred in 33 dogs (18.6%) including at presentation in 2 (1.1%). Systemic signs were present in 13 dogs prior to a skin lesion (7.3%). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed prior to AKI identification in 92 of 170 dogs (54.1%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 115 of 137 (83.9%) of dogs. CONCLUSION The timeframe over which AKI may develop is longer than previously reported, neurological signs can be identified at presentation or during hospitalisation, and thrombocytopenia is even more common than previously reported.
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5
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Pathology and Epidemiology of Cutaneous and Renal Glomerular Vasculopathy in Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:156-161. [PMID: 32359630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) has been recognized as a potentially life-threatening condition of dogs in the UK since 2012, although there was a single (non-azotaemic) case reported in the UK in 2000. Prior to that, CRGV was recognized in the 1980s in southern USA as a disease affecting solely racing greyhounds (which gave rise to the colloquial name of 'Alabama rot'). CRGV manifests as ulcerative skin lesions, generally sparing the dorsum. It is variably associated with systemic signs including anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury, which, when it develops, is often severe and fatal. CRGV is characterized histopathologically as a thrombotic microangiopathy. To date in the UK, more than 230 dogs of varying breed and age have been humanely destroyed and histopathologically confirmed to be suffering from CRGV. The aetiology remains unknown, but the seasonal distribution (highest case incidence November-May each year) suggests that environmental or climatic factors may play a role in disease development. Further research to determine the aetiology and improve ante-mortem diagnostic testing, therapeutic options and preventive strategies is urgently needed.
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Cortese L, Christopherson PW, Pelagalli A. Platelet Function and Therapeutic Applications in Dogs: Current Status and Future Prospects. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E201. [PMID: 31991713 PMCID: PMC7071006 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the functional characterization of canine platelets in the last two decades. The role of canine platelets in hemostasis includes their adhesion to the subendothelium, activation, and aggregation, leading to primary clot formation at the site of injury. Studies on canine platelet function and advancements in laboratory testing have improved the diagnosis and understanding of platelet-related disorders as well as the knowledge of the mechanisms behind these diseases. This review focuses on the most recent discoveries in canine platelet structure, function, and disorders; and discusses the efficacy of various tests in the diagnosis of platelet-related disorders. With the relatively recent discovery of angiogenetic and reparative effects of growth factors found in platelets, this review also summarizes the use of canine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alone or in association with stem cells in regenerative therapy. The characterization of proteomic and lipidomic profiles and development of platelet gene therapy in veterinary species are areas of future study with potential for major therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pete W. Christopherson
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
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Hope A, Martinez C, Cassidy JP, Gallagher B, Mooney CT. Canine cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy in the Republic of Ireland: a description of three cases. Ir Vet J 2019; 72:13. [PMID: 31762988 PMCID: PMC6858974 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-019-0151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) is a condition of unknown aetiology involving microvascular thrombosis. It has recently been described in over 160 dogs in the United Kingdom and usually has a grave prognosis. To date, this condition has not been described in dogs residing in the Republic of Ireland. Case presentation Three dogs presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital (UCDVH) for investigation of rapidly progressive skin lesions. All dogs were diagnosed with CRGV on post-mortem examination. All three dogs had azotaemia on presentation or rapidly developed azotaemia, and all were euthanased because of progression of clinical signs and likelihood of CRGV. One dog was affected by seizure-like episodes and had thrombotic microangiopathy evident within the cerebrum. Conclusions CRGV occurs in dogs residing in the Republic of Ireland and is a differential for cases presenting with skin lesions and azotaemia. The histopathological lesions of CRGV can also affect the brain leading to neurological signs such as seizures. Owners and veterinarians should be aware that this condition can occur in dogs in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Hope
- 1University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, Stillorgan Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos Martinez
- 1University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, Stillorgan Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph P Cassidy
- 1University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, Stillorgan Road, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara Gallagher
- Axiom Veterinary Laboratories, The Manor House, Brunel Road, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 4PB England
| | - Carmel T Mooney
- 1University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, Stillorgan Road, Dublin, Ireland
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McKenna M, Pelligand L, Elliott J, Cotter D, Jepson R. Relationship between serum iohexol clearance, serum SDMA concentration, and serum creatinine concentration in non-azotemic dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:186-194. [PMID: 31725186 PMCID: PMC6979102 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are used as surrogate markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical practice. Data pertaining to the correlations between GFR, SDMA, and serum creatinine in client-owned dogs are limited. OBJECTIVES To describe the relationship between GFR, SDMA, and serum creatinine in a population of client-owned dogs, and to compare clinical utility of SDMA to GFR estimation for detecting pre-azotemic chronic kidney disease. ANIMALS Medical records of 119 dogs that had GFR estimation performed via serum iohexol clearance between 2012 and 2017. METHODS Prospective study using archived samples. GFR, SDMA, and serum creatinine results were reviewed and submitting practices contacted for outcome data. All dogs included in the study population were non-azotemic. Correlations between GFR, SDMA, and serum creatinine were determined by regression analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of different cutoffs for SDMA and serum creatinine for detecting decreased GFR were calculated, using a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Serum creatinine and SDMA were moderately correlated with GFR (R2 = 0.52 and 0.27, respectively, P < .0001) and with each other (R2 = 0.33, P < .0001). SDMA >14 μg/dL was sensitive (90%) but nonspecific (50%) for detecting a ≥40% decrease in GFR. Optimal SDMA concentration cutoff for detecting a ≥40% GFR decrease was >18 μg/dL (sensitivity 90%, specificity 83%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In non-azotemic dogs being screened for decreased renal function, using a cutoff of >18 μg/dL rather than >14 μg/dL increases the specificity of SDMA, without compromising sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles McKenna
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Pelligand
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Cotter
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanne Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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Vessieres F, Cianciolo RE, Gkoka ZG, Kisielewicz C, Bazelle J, Seth M, Adam FH, Matiasovic M, Aresu L, Jepson RE, Walker DJ. Occurrence, management and outcome of immune-complex glomerulonephritis in dogs with suspected glomerulopathy in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:683-690. [PMID: 31512262 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of dogs diagnosed with immune-complex glomerulonephritis in a large cohort of UK dogs with clinical suspicion of glomerular disease in which renal histopathology, including routine light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, had been performed. The second objective was to describe treatment and long-term clinical outcome of dogs diagnosed with immune-complex glomerulonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two UK dogs that underwent renal biopsies for investigation of suspected glomerulopathy (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio persistently >0.5) were included in this retrospective multicentre study. Signalment, clinico-pathological abnormalities, histopathological diagnosis, treatment following diagnosis and survival were recorded. RESULTS Seventeen (27%) of the dogs with suspected glomerular disease were diagnosed with immune-complex glomerulonephritis and nine (53%) of these were still alive at the study end point, with a median follow-up of 366 days (range 52 to 1299). Six dogs diagnosed with immune-complex glomerulonephritis were treated with mycophenolate. Four received mycophenolate alone for immunosuppression and two received mycophenolate and chlorambucil; all these six dogs were alive at data collection [median follow-up time 712.5 days (range 73 to 1299)]. Seven dogs diagnosed with immune-complex glomerulonephritis did not receive immunosuppressive treatment; only one of these dogs was alive at study end point [median survival time 302 days (range 52 to 723)]. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Immune-complex glomerulonephritis may be less common in the UK than previously reported in North America and mainland Europe, reducing the likelihood of treatment modification following renal biopsy. Mycophenolate was the most commonly used immunosuppressant for cases of immune-complex glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vessieres
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, SO212LL, Hursley, UK
| | - R E Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Z G Gkoka
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, SO212LL, Hursley, UK
| | - C Kisielewicz
- Small Animal Internal Medicine Department, Pride Veterinary Centre, DE24 8HX, Derby, UK
| | - J Bazelle
- Small Animal Internal Medicine Department, Davies Veterinary Specialists, SG5 3HR, Higham Gobion, UK
| | - M Seth
- Small Animal Internal Medicine Department, Animal Health Trust, CB8 7UU, Newmarket, UK
| | - F H Adam
- Small Animal Internal Medicine Department, North Downs Specialist Referrals, RH1 4QP, Bletchingley, UK
| | - M Matiasovic
- Small Animal Surgery Department, Small Animal Referral Hospital, School of Veterinary Sciences , University of Bristol, BS405DU, Langford, UK
| | - L Aresu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - R E Jepson
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, AL97TA, Hatfield, UK
| | - D J Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, SO212LL, Hursley, UK
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10
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McKenna M, Pelligand L, Elliott J, Walker D, Jepson R. Clinical utility of estimation of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 34:195-205. [PMID: 31373414 PMCID: PMC6979109 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation is the gold standard for assessment of renal function, although the clinical utility of this test is unclear. Objectives To describe the clinical utility of GFR estimation in dogs. Animals Medical records of 132 dogs that had serum iohexol clearance measured between 2012 and 2017. Methods Iohexol clearance and clinical records were reviewed and submitting practices contacted to obtain outcome data. Dogs were classified into 4 groups based on the reason for performing GFR estimation: A1 (screening for pre‐azotemic chronic kidney disease [CKD], n = 105), A2 (confirmation of azotemic CKD, n = 3), B (screening for pre‐azotemic acute kidney injury, n = 19), and C (miscellaneous causes, n = 5). Descriptive review of the clinical utility of GFR estimation is provided. Results For dogs in Group A1, renal disease was diagnosed in 9/9 dogs with a GFR ≥40% decreased below the mean GFR of their body weight category, in 5/6 dogs with a ≥30% but <40% reduction in GFR and in 7/9 dogs with a ≥20% but <30% reduction in GFR. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Glomerular filtration rate estimation is useful for the diagnosis of CKD before the onset of azotemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles McKenna
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Pelligand
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanne Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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Jepson RE, Cardwell JM, Cortellini S, Holm L, Stevens K, Walker D. Cutaneous and Renal Glomerular Vasculopathy: What Do We Know so Far? Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:745-762. [PMID: 30961997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV), colloquially named "Alabama rot," is an emerging condition in the United Kingdom, previously reported from the United States and Germany. The cause of CRGV is not yet determined; no definitive link to an infectious agent has been made. Dogs diagnosed with CRGV initially develop cutaneous lesions, and a proportion of these dogs go on to manifest acute kidney injury, which may result in oligoanuric acute renal failure. Antemortem diagnosis is challenging given the lack of a specific diagnostic test, and confirmation of CRGV is therefore currently dependent on identification of thrombotic microangiopathy on renal histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Jacqueline M Cardwell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Stefano Cortellini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Laura Holm
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester SO21 2LL, UK
| | - Kim Stevens
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London AL9 7TA, UK
| | - David Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester SO21 2LL, UK
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12
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Stevens KB, Jepson R, Holm LP, Walker DJ, Cardwell JM. Spatiotemporal patterns and agroecological risk factors for cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (Alabama Rot) in dogs in the UK. Vet Rec 2018; 183:502. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim B Stevens
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
- Kimene Analytics Ltd; London UK
| | - Rosanne Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield UK
| | | | - David John Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Bunstead Barns; Winchester UK
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13
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Signalment risk factors for cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (Alabama rot) in dogs in the UK. Vet Rec 2018; 183:448. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Cianciolo RE, Jennette JC. Glomerulonephritis in Animal Models and Human Medicine: Discovery, Pathogenesis, and Diagnostics. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:898-903. [PMID: 30278837 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318800714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is inflammation of glomeruli. The four major categories that cause human GN are mediated by immunoglobulin or complement or both, and they include (1) immune complex-mediated GN, (2) anti-glomerular basement membrane-mediated GN, (3) antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-mediated GN, and (4) complement factor 3 glomerulopathy mediated by complement dysregulation. Initiating processes include infection, autoimmunity, exogenous antigens, and neoplasia. Often there are predisposing and modulating genetic, epigenetic, and/or environmental factors. Animal models facilitated the recognition and elucidation of the pathogeneses of all four categories of GN, and they continue to be used in preclinical studies to identify and validate therapies for all four types of GN. Advanced diagnostic modalities (e.g., transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence) are helpful and sometimes required for the correct categorization of GN in humans and animals. This review provides historical background on the discovery of the different GN pathogeneses, describes some of the animal models used to discover and understand each GN pathogenic category, reviews the diagnostic classification of each category of GN, and compares human GN to spontaneous forms of nonhuman GN.
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15
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Jarvis S. Teasing out the risks for Alabama rot. Vet Rec 2018; 183:445. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.k4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jarvis
- Managing Editor; Vet Record, BMJ, BMA House, Tavistock Square London WC1H 9JR UK
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16
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Skulberg R, Cortellini S, Chan DL, Stanzani G, Jepson RE. Description of the Use of Plasma Exchange in Dogs With Cutaneous and Renal Glomerular Vasculopathy. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:161. [PMID: 30073173 PMCID: PMC6060235 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) is a rare disease affecting dogs, with a recent apparent increase in prevalence since 2012 in the UK. This disease is characterized by a vasculopathy affecting small vessels of the kidney and skin, leading to thrombotic microangiopathy. The underlying etiology remains unknown although clinicopathological and histological findings resemble features of certain forms of thrombotic microangiopathy in people, for which plasma exchange (PEX) is considered an important component of therapy. The objective of the present study is to describe the use of PEX as adjunctive treatment in dogs diagnosed with CRGV. A retrospective review of dogs diagnosed with CRGV between 2014 and 2016 treated with PEX was performed. Clinical records were reviewed and data relating to signalment, diagnostic tests and management strategies were summarized. Information and complications relating to PEX were recorded. Six dogs were diagnosed with CRGV (n = 2 ante-mortem, n = 4 post-mortem) and underwent PEX as part of their therapy. All dogs had cutaneous lesions and were azotemic with oliguria or anuria. All dogs underwent at least one PEX cycle; one dog had a single cycle PEX, three dogs two cycles PEX, and two dogs had one cycle PEX and one cycle of prolonged intermittent renal replacement treatment. Complications seen during PEX therapy included hypothermia (n = 4), tachycardia (n = 2), hypotension (n = 2), and hypocalcemia (n = 6). Two dogs survived to discharge, the remaining four dogs were euthanized. The positive outcome in two dogs treated with PEX despite the reported high mortality rate once acute kidney injury with oliguria/anuria occurs does not confirm success of this treatment. However, survival in two dogs that were initially oligoanuric highlights that further consideration and evaluation of PEX for this patient group is warranted for this specific disease. Additional studies are urgently needed to identify the underlying etiology of CRGV before more targeted therapies can be developed. Based on our findings, further evaluation of the role of PEX in this specific disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Skulberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Cortellini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L Chan
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Giacomo Stanzani
- Division of Medicine, Bloomsbury Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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17
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Walker D, Holm L, Jepson R, Pelligand L. Diagnosing CRGV in dogs with skin lesions. Vet Rec 2016; 178:74. [PMID: 26769812 DOI: 10.1136/vr.i210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester SO21 2LL
| | - Laura Holm
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester SO21 2LL
| | - Rosanne Jepson
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - Ludovic Pelligand
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
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Macdonald FA. Organism of interest for research into CRGV. Vet Rec 2015; 176:469. [PMID: 25934746 DOI: 10.1136/vr.h2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cortellini S, Humm K. 'New Forest syndrome': first pieces of the puzzle. Vet Rec 2015; 176:382-3. [PMID: 25858993 DOI: 10.1136/vr.h1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cortellini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Karen Humm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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20
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Smith R. CRGV in dogs visiting the New Forest. Vet Rec 2015; 176:391. [PMID: 25858995 DOI: 10.1136/vr.h1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Smith
- Poachers Cottage, Rewell Wood, Arundel, West Sussex BN18 0AJ
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