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Araújo CM, Sampaio KB, da Silva JYP, de Oliveira JN, de Albuquerque TMR, Lima MDC, Lima MDS, do Nascimento YM, da Silva EF, da Silva MS, Tavares JF, de Souza EL, de Oliveira MEG. Exploiting tropical fruit processing coproducts as circular resources to promote the growth and maintain the culturability and functionality of probiotic lactobacilli. Food Microbiol 2024; 123:104596. [PMID: 39038898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of acerola (Malpighia glabra L., CACE), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L., CCAS), and guava (Psidium guayaba L., CGUA) fruit processing coproducts as substrates to promote the growth, metabolite production, and maintenance of the viability/metabolic activity of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-10 during cultivation, freeze-drying, storage, and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Probiotic lactobacilli presented high viable counts (≥8.8 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) and a short lag phase during 24 h of cultivation in CACE, CCAS, and CGUA. Cultivation of probiotic lactobacilli in fruit coproducts promoted sugar consumption, medium acidification, and production of organic acids over time, besides increasing the of several phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Probiotic lactobacilli cultivated in fruit coproducts had increased survival percentages after freeze-drying and during 120 days of refrigerated storage. Moreover, probiotic lactobacilli cultivated and freeze-dried in fruit coproducts had larger subpopulations of live and metabolically active cells when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that fruit coproducts not only improved the growth and helped to maintain the viability and metabolic activity of probiotic strains but also enriched the final fermented products with bioactive compounds, being an innovative circular strategy for producing high-quality probiotic cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroliny Mesquita Araújo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Jordana Nunes de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara da Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão de Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Zhao R, Yu T, Li J, Niu R, Liu D, Wang W. Single-cell encapsulation systems for probiotic delivery: Armor probiotics. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103270. [PMID: 39142064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Functional foods or drugs based on probiotics have gained unprecedented attention and development due to the increasingly clear relationship between probiotics and human health. Probiotics can regulate intestinal microbiota, dynamically participating in various physiological activities to directly affect human health. Some probiotic-based functional preparations have shown great potential in treating multiple refractory diseases. Currently, the survival and activity of probiotic cells in complex environments in vitro and in vivo have taken priority, and various encapsulation systems based on food-derived materials have been designed and constructed to protect and deliver probiotics. However, traditional encapsulation technology cannot achieve precise protection for a single probiotic, which makes it unable to have a significant effect after release. In this case, single-cell encapsulation systems can be assembled based on biological interfaces to protect and functionalize individual probiotic cells, maximizing their physiological activity. This review discussed the arduous challenges of probiotics in food processing, storage, human digestion, and the commonly used probiotic encapsulation system. Besides, a novel technology of probiotic encapsulation was introduced based on single-cell coating, namely, "armor probiotics". We focused on the classification, structural design, and functional characteristics of armor coatings, and emphasized the essential functional characteristics of armor probiotics in human health regulation, including regulating intestinal health and targeted bioimaging and treatment of diseased tissues. Subsequently, the benefits, limitations, potential challenges, as well as future direction of armor probiotics were put forward. We hope this review may provide new insights and ideas for developing a single-cell probiotics encapsulating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China
| | - Ruihao Niu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China.
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Sampaio KB, de Brito Alves JL, do Nascimento YM, Tavares JF, da Silva MS, Dos Santos Nascimento D, de Araújo Rodrigues NP, Monteiro MC, Garcia EF, de Souza EL. Effects of Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions on Combined Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296, Quercetin, and/or Resveratrol as Bioactive Components of Novel Nutraceuticals. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:308-319. [PMID: 36708461 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGIC) on combined potentially probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum 296 (~ 10 log CFU/mL), quercetin (QUE, 160 mg), and/or resveratrol (RES, 150 mg) as the bioactive components of novel nutraceuticals. Four different nutraceuticals were evaluated during exposure to SGIC and analyzed the plate counts and physiological status of L. fermentum 296, contents and bioaccessibility of QUE and RES, and antioxidant capacity. Nutraceuticals with QUE and RES had the highest plate counts (4.94 ± 0.32 log CFU/mL) and sizes of live cell subpopulations (28.40 ± 0.28%) of L. fermentum 296 after SGIC exposure. An index of injured cells (Gmean index, arbitrary unit defined as above 0.5) indicated that part of L. fermentum 296 cells could be entered the viable but nonculturable state when the nutraceuticals were exposed to gastric and intestinal conditions while maintaining vitality. The nutraceuticals maintained high contents (QUE ~ 29.17 ± 0.62 and RES ~ 23.05 mg/100 g) and bioaccessibility (QUE ~ 41.0 ± 0.09% and RES ~ 67.4 ± 0.17%) of QUE and RES, as well as high antioxidant capacity (ABTS assay ~ 88.18 ± 1.16% and DPPH assay 75.54 ± 0.65%) during SGIC exposure, which could be linked to the protective effects on L. fermentum 296 cells. The developed nutraceuticals could cross along the gastrointestinal tract with high concentrations of functioning potentially probiotic cells and bioavailable phenolic compounds to exert their beneficial impacts on consumer health, being an innovative strategy for the co-ingestion of these bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Davi Dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Costa Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Department of Gastronomy, Center of Technology and Regional Development, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I - Cidade Universitária, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Castro-López C, Romero-Luna HE, García HS, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A. Key Stress Response Mechanisms of Probiotics During Their Journey Through the Digestive System: A Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1250-1270. [PMID: 36001271 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The survival of probiotic microorganisms during their exposure to harsh environments plays a critical role in the fulfillment of their functional properties. In particular, transit through the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is considered one of the most challenging habitats that probiotics must endure, because of the particularly stressful conditions (e.g., oxygen level, pH variations, nutrient limitations, high osmolarity, oxidation, peristalsis) prevailing in the different sections of the GIT, which in turn can affect the growth, viability, physiological status, and functionality of microbial cells. Consequently, probiotics have developed a series of strategies, called "mechanisms of stress response," to protect themselves from these adverse conditions. Such mechanisms may include but are not limited to the induction of new metabolic pathways, formation/production of particular metabolites, and changes of transcription rates. It should be highlighted that some of such mechanisms can be conserved across several different strains or can be unique for specific genera. Hence, this review attempts to review the state-of-the-art knowledge of mechanisms of stress response displayed by potential probiotic strains during their transit through the GIT. In addition, evidence whether stress responses can compromise the biosafety of such strains is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Haydee E Romero-Luna
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa/Tecnológico Nacional de México, Reserva Territorial s/n Sección 5, Santa Bárbara, Xalapa-Enríquez, Veracruz, 91096, México
| | - Hugo S García
- Unidad de Investigación Y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz/Tecnológico Nacional de México, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz, Veracruz, 91897, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, México.
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Szopa K, Szajnar K, Pawlos M, Znamirowska-Piotrowska A. Probiotic Fermented Goat's and Sheep's Milk: Effect of Type and Dose of Collagen on Survival of Four Strains of Probiotic Bacteria during Simulated In Vitro Digestion Conditions. Nutrients 2023; 15:3241. [PMID: 37513662 PMCID: PMC10384213 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial tolerance of digestive stresses depends not only on the bacterial strain but also on the structure and physicochemical properties of the supply chain and the foods that contain it. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the type of milk (ovine, caprine) and the type and dose of collagen on the viability of four probiotic strains, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-26, Lacticaseibacillus casei 431, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lr-32, during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The highest survival rate under simulated in vitro digestion conditions compared to the number of cells before digestion was found in two strains, L. casei and L. paracasei, where survival rates were greater than 50% in each batch. The survival rate of the L. rhamnosus strain ranged from 41.05% to 64.23%. In caprine milk fermented by L. acidophilus, a higher survival rate was found in milk with 1.5% hydrolysate than the control, by about 6%. Survival of the L. rhamnosus strain was favorably affected by the 3% addition of bovine collagen in caprine milk, which increased survival by about 14% compared to the control sample. Adding 3% of hydrolysate to sheep's and goat's milk enhanced the survival of the L. rhamnosus strain by 3% and 19%, respectively. This study reports that fermented caprine and ovine milk may be suitable matrices for the probiotic supply of commercial dairy starter cultures and promote gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Szopa
- Department of Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szajnar
- Department of Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawlos
- Department of Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agata Znamirowska-Piotrowska
- Department of Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
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Herold SE, Kyser AJ, Orr MG, Mahmoud MY, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. Release Kinetics of Metronidazole from 3D Printed Silicone Scaffolds for Sustained Application to the Female Reproductive Tract. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2023; 5:100078. [PMID: 37123989 PMCID: PMC10136949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2023.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained vaginal administration of antibiotics or probiotics has been proposed to improve treatment efficacy for bacterial vaginosis. 3D printing has shown promise for development of systems for local agent delivery. In contrast to oral ingestion, agent release kinetics can be fine-tuned by the 3D printing of specialized scaffold designs tailored for particular treatments while enhancing dosage effectiveness via localized sustained release. It has been challenging to establish scaffold properties as a function of fabrication parameters to obtain sustained release. In particular, the relationships between scaffold curing conditions, compressive strength, and drug release kinetics remain poorly understood. This study evaluates 3D printed scaffold formulation and feasibility to sustain the release of metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic for BV. Cylindrical silicone scaffolds were printed and cured using three different conditions relevant to potential future incorporation of temperature-sensitive labile biologics. Compressive strength and drug release were monitored for 14d in simulated vaginal fluid to assess long-term effects of fabrication conditions on mechanical integrity and release kinetics. Scaffolds were mechanically evaluated to determine compressive and tensile strength, and elastic modulus. Release profiles were fitted to previous kinetic models to differentiate potential release mechanisms. The Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Peppas-Sahlin models best described the release, indicating similarity to release from insoluble or polymeric matrices. This study shows the feasibility of 3D printed silicone scaffolds to provide sustained metronidazole release over 14d, with compressive strength and drug release kinetics tuned by the fabrication parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Herold
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anthony J. Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Margaret G. Orr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed Y. Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Warren G. Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Amanda L. Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Jill M. Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B. Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- UofL Health – Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Abstract
Bifidobacteria naturally inhabit diverse environments, including the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. Members of the genus are of considerable scientific interest due to their beneficial effects on health and, hence, their potential to be used as probiotics. By definition, probiotic cells need to be viable despite being exposed to several stressors in the course of their production, storage, and administration. Examples of common stressors encountered by probiotic bifidobacteria include oxygen, acid, and bile salts. As bifidobacteria are highly heterogenous in terms of their tolerance to these stressors, poor stability and/or robustness can hamper the industrial-scale production and commercialization of many strains. Therefore, interest in the stress physiology of bifidobacteria has intensified in recent decades, and many studies have been established to obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their stability and robustness. By complementing traditional methodologies, omics technologies have opened new avenues for enhancing the understanding of the defense mechanisms of bifidobacteria against stress. In this review, we summarize and evaluate the current knowledge on the multilayered responses of bifidobacteria to stressors, including the most recent insights and hypotheses. We address the prevailing stressors that may affect the cell viability during production and use as probiotics. Besides phenotypic effects, molecular mechanisms that have been found to underlie the stress response are described. We further discuss strategies that can be applied to improve the stability of probiotic bifidobacteria and highlight knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schöpping
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmad A. Zeidan
- Systems Biology, Discovery, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kowalczyk M, Znamirowska-Piotrowska A, Buniowska-Olejnik M, Pawlos M. Sheep Milk Symbiotic Ice Cream: Effect of Inulin and Apple Fiber on the Survival of Five Probiotic Bacterial Strains during Simulated In Vitro Digestion Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214454. [PMID: 36364717 PMCID: PMC9655080 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to determine the survival of bacterial cells under in vitro digestion. For this purpose, ice cream mixes were prepared: control, with 4% inulin, 2.5% inulin and 1.5% apple fiber and 4% apple fiber. Each inoculum (pH = 4.60 ± 0.05), containing 9 log cfu g-1 bacteria, at 5% (w/w) was added to the ice cream mixes (Lacticaseibacilluscasei 431, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-26, Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12) and fermentation was carried out to pH 4.60 ± 0.05. The in vitro digestion method simulated the stages of digestion that occur in the mouth, stomach and small intestine under optimal controlled conditions (pH value, time and temperature). At each stage of digestion, the survival rate of probiotic bacteria was determined using the plate-deep method. As expected, in the oral stage, there was no significant reduction in the viability of the probiotic bacteria in any ice cream group compared to their content before digestion. In the stomach stage, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 strain had the highest viable counts (8.48 log cfu g-1) among the control samples. Furthermore, a 4% addition of inulin to ice cream with Bifidobacterium BB-12 increased gastric juice tolerance and limited strain reduction by only 16.7% compared to the number of bacterial cells before digestion. Regarding ice cream samples with Bifidobacterium BB-12, replacing part of the inulin with apple fiber resulted in increased survival at the stomach stage and a low reduction in the bacterial population of only 15.6% compared to samples before digestion. At the stomach stage, the positive effect of the addition of inulin and apple fiber was also demonstrated for ice cream samples with Lacticaseibacilluscasei 431 (9.47 log cfu g-1), Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (8.06 log cfu g-1) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-26 (5.79 log cfu g-1). This study showed the highest sensitivity to simulated gastric stress for ice cream samples with Lacticaseibacillusrhamnosus (4.54 log cfu g-1). Our study confirmed that the 4% addition of inulin to ice cream increases the survival rate of L. casei and Bifidobacterium BB-12 in simulated intestinal juice with bile by 0.87 and 2.26 log cfu g-1, respectively. The highest viable count in the small intestine stage was observed in ice cream with L. acidophilus. The addition of inulin increased the survival of L. rhamnosus by 10.8% and Bifidobacterium BB-12 by about 22% under conditions of simulated in vitro digestion compared to their control samples. The survival rates of L. casei and L. paracasei were also highly affected by the 4% addition of apple fiber, where the increase under gastrointestinal passage conditions was determined to range from 7.86-11.26% compared to their control counterparts. In comparison, the lowest survival rate was found in the control ice cream with L. rhamnosus (47.40%). In our study at the intestinal stage, only five ice cream groups: a sample with 4% inulin and L. acidophilus, a control sample with Bifidobacterium BB12, a sample with 2.5% inulin and 1.5% apple fiber with Bifidobacterium BB12, a control sample with L. rhamnosus, a sample with 4% fiber and L. rhamnosus reported bacterial cell counts below 6 log cfu g-1 but higher than 5 log cfu g-1. However, in the remaining ice cream groups, viable counts of bacterial cells ranged from 6.11 to 8.88 log cfu g-1, ensuring a therapeutic effect. Studies have clearly indicated that sheep milk ice cream could provide a suitable matrix for the delivery of probiotics and prebiotics and contribute to intestinal homeostasis. The obtained results have an applicative character and may play an essential role in developing new functional sheep milk ice cream.
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Khusro A, Aarti C. Metabolic heterogeneity and techno-functional attributes of fermented foods-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci. Food Microbiol 2022; 105:104028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Xu C, Ban Q, Wang W, Hou J, Jiang Z. Novel nano-encapsulated probiotic agents: Encapsulate materials, delivery, and encapsulation systems. J Control Release 2022; 349:184-205. [PMID: 35798093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes are closely associated with most human health. When ingested orally, probiotics can effectively regulate the composition and quantity of human intestinal microorganisms, which is beneficial to human health. However, probiotics will be affected by the harsh environment of the digestive tract during the in vivo transportation process, and ensuring the viability of probiotics is a great challenge. Probiotic encapsulating technology provides an effective solution to this problem. The introduction of extreme temperatures, large probiotic microcapsule sizes and the difficulty in controlling probiotic microcapsule particle sizes mean that traditional microcapsule encapsulation methods have some limitations. From traditional microcapsule technology to the bulk encapsulation of probiotics with nanofibers and nanoparticles to the recent ability to wear nano "armor" for a single probiotic through biofilm, biological membrane and nanocoating. Emerging probiotic nanoagents provides a new conceptual and development direction for the field of probiotic encapsulation. In this review, we presented the characteristics of encapsulated probiotic carrier materials and digestive tract transport systems, we focused on the encapsulation systems of probiotic nanoagents, we analyzed the shortcomings and advantages of the current agent encapsulation systems, and we stated the developmental direction and challenges for these agents for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingfeng Ban
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, College of Food Science, Harbin 150030, China.
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Aalipanah S, Fazeli MR, Akhavan Sepahi A, Shariatmadari F. Synergistic Effects of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Isolated from Chicken's Intestine in Combination with Polyvinylpyrrolidone on Reduction of Aflatoxin B 1. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1160-1170. [PMID: 35778982 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Food contamination with aflatoxin is one of the most critical concerns of health professionals. One of the best ways to reduce aflatoxin content in food is probiotics. Therefore, this study was performed to isolate Bifidobacterium from the chick's intestine; evaluate its probiotic activities and its application with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) in the medium were investigated. Samples were isolated from the chick's intestine, and Bifidobacterium was isolated and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Next, the potential probiotic characterization was assessed. Afterward, the effect of selected isolate and PVP on reducing AFB1 in the medium was studied using ELISA and HPLC. Biochemical and molecular evaluations indicated isolation of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain from chick's intestine. One of the B. bifidum strains was selected for the next steps, which showed potential probiotic characterization and the ability to reduce the concentration of AFB1 in the medium (50% reduction). When used in combination with PVP showed synergistic effects in reducing the concentration of AFB1 from the medium (up to 90%). In conclusion, it was found that selected B. bifidum strains and PVP could have synergistic effects in reducing AFB1 toxin in a medium up to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Aalipanah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazeli
- Department of drug and food control, Pharmaceutical quality assurance research center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Shariatmadari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Berreta A, Kopper J. Equine probiotics-what are they, where are we and where do we need to go? J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bio-Labneh fortified with functional microcapsules filled with chickpea flour and probiotics. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Otunba AA, Osuntoki AA, Olukoya DK, Babalola BA. Genomic, biochemical and microbial evaluation of probiotic potentials of bacterial isolates from fermented sorghum products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08536. [PMID: 34926862 PMCID: PMC8646963 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented products, including Ogi-baba and Pito, provide several health benefits, particularly when probiotics are used in the fermentation process. Probiotic microorganisms exert strain-specific health-promoting activities on humans and animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the probiotic potentials of Lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from indigenous fermented sorghum products (Ogi-baba and Pito). The LAB isolates were screened for potential probiotic properties by antagonistic activity against eight enteropathogenic clinical bacteria isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Listeria monocytogenes) as indicator organisms using the agar well diffusion technique. The organisms were also screened for acidity, bile tolerance, antibiotic susceptibility, production of lactic acid, diacetyl and hydrogen peroxide. β-galactosidase assay was also done. Genomic DNA was extracted from the two selected LAB isolates; the 16S rRNA were amplified and sequenced. The sequence data were subjected to Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and molecular phylogenetic analyses to identify the isolates. The isolates were identified as strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The sequence data for these two isolates were submitted to the Genbank with accession numbers KP883298 and KP883297 respectively. The P. pentosaceus strain (PB2) strain exhibited β-galactosidase activity as well as L. plantrum strain (OB6). The study revealed exceptional probiotic potentials of two LAB namely Lactobacillus plantarum strain (OB6) and Pediococcus pentosaceus strain (PB2) isolated from fermented sorghum products, Ogi-baba and Pito respectively. Hence, the two LAB strains may be potentially used as probiotic to prevent some enteropathogen-induced gastrointestinal disorders; reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infections and for the management of lactose in intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin Ayodipupo Babalola
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ogun, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Baral KC, Bajracharya R, Lee SH, Han HK. Advancements in the Pharmaceutical Applications of Probiotics: Dosage Forms and Formulation Technology. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7535-7556. [PMID: 34795482 PMCID: PMC8594788 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s337427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have demonstrated their high potential to treat and/or prevent various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Probiotics are also effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens and help maintain a balanced gut microbiota ecosystem. Accordingly, the global market of probiotics is growing rapidly, and research efforts to develop probiotics into therapeutic adjuvants are gaining momentum. However, because probiotics are living microorganisms, many biological and biopharmaceutical barriers limit their clinical application. Probiotics may lose their activity in the harsh gastric conditions of the stomach or in the presence of bile salts. Moreover, they easily lose their viability under thermal or oxidative stress during their preparation and storage. Therefore, stable formulations of probiotics are required to overcome the various physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and biological barriers and to maximize their therapeutic effectiveness and clinical applicability. This review provides an overview of the pharmaceutical applications of probiotics and covers recent formulation approaches to optimize the delivery of probiotics with particular emphasis on various dosage forms and formulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitis Chandra Baral
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | - Rajiv Bajracharya
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Korea
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16
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Berreta A, Kopper JJ, Alexander TL, Kogan CJ, Burbick CR. Effect of an In Vitro Proximal Gastrointestinal Tract on Viability of Commercially Available Equine Probiotics. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 104:103671. [PMID: 34416988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics, by definition, are live micro-organisms and should remain viable when they reach the intended site of action which is typically the cecum and/or colon. In humans, probiotics often need enteric protection to survive transit through the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Typically, equine probiotics do not advertise enteric protection and to the author's knowledge the viability of equine probiotics after exposure to the proximal GI tract has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an in vitro simulation of the equine proximal GI tract on probiotic viability. We hypothesized that the simulated proximal GI tract would adversely effect microbial viability and that the adverse effects would be partially ameliorated by increasing the gastric pH to 4. A total of 11 products were evaluated of which six had at least one micro-organism that was adversely effected by exposure to the proximal GI tract and four of which had at least one micro-organism that was adversely affected when the gastric pH was increased to 4.0. Results from this study indicate that some micro-organisms in equine probiotics do not appear to be adversely affected by exposure to the equine proximal GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Berreta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jamie J Kopper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
| | - Trevor L Alexander
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Clark J Kogan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Statistical Education and Research, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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Tarrah A, Dos Santos Cruz BC, Sousa Dias R, da Silva Duarte V, Pakroo S, Licursi de Oliveira L, Gouveia Peluzio MC, Corich V, Giacomini A, Oliveira de Paula S. Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81, a cholesterol-lowering strain having immunomodulatory activity, reveals gut microbiota regulation capability in BALB/c mice receiving high-fat diet. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1942-1957. [PMID: 33709536 PMCID: PMC8518695 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims In‐vitro/In‐vivo evaluation of cholesterol‐lowering probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 and the possible connection with the gut microbiota modulation. Methods and Results In the present study, strain DTA81 has been evaluated for the possible influence on blood lipid and glucose concentrations, modulation of the immune system, gastrointestinal survivability and modulation of gut microbiota in BALB/c mice receiving a high‐fat diet. After 6 weeks of treatment, a significant reduction of total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (FBS) among animals treated with L. paracasei DTA81 has been recorded. Comparison of colon tissue levels of different cytokines revealed a significant reduction of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6. The comparison of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA approach indicated that the treatment with L. paracasei DTA81 significantly increased the taxa Bacteroidetes and Coprococcus. Moreover, the genome of DTA81 was sequenced for the in‐silico assessment, and the analysis indicated the presence of cholesterol assimilation‐related genes as well as the absence of negative traits such as transmissible antibiotic resistance genes, plasmids and prophage regions. Conclusion The outcome of this study revealed the in‐vitro and in‐vivo properties of L. paracasei DTA81 and the possible mechanism between consumption of this strain, the abundance of Bacteriodetes/Coprococcus taxa, immunomodulatory activity and the subsequent reduction of cholesterol/FBS in BALB/c mice. Significance and Impact of the Study Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 as a non‐pharmacological potential probiotic supplement can influence metabolic homeostasis in individuals, particularly those adopting high‐fat diets, and it can contribute to reduce coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tarrah
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - B C Dos Santos Cruz
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V da Silva Duarte
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - S Pakroo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - L Licursi de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M C Gouveia Peluzio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - A Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - S Oliveira de Paula
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Melchior S, Marino M, D'Este F, Innocente N, Nicoli MC, Calligaris S. Effect of the formulation and structure of monoglyceride-based gels on the viability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus upon in vitro digestion. Food Funct 2021; 12:351-361. [PMID: 33325962 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01788d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the potential use of saturated monoglyceride (MG)-based gels in the protection of probiotics upon in vitro digestion. For this purpose, a Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain was inoculated into binary and ternary systems, containing MGs, a water phase composed of an aqueous solution at controlled pH or UHT skimmed milk, and in ternary gels, sunflower oil. Gel structure characterization was initially performed just after preparation and after 14 days of storage at 4 °C by rheological, mechanical, thermal, and microscopy analyses. Afterwards, probiotic viability upon in vitro digestion was evaluated. The results highlighted that all freshly prepared samples showed good capability to protect L. rhamnosus with the exception of the binary system containing milk. However, the digestion of samples after 14 days of storage showed that the ternary system containing skimmed milk exhibited the best protection performance ensuring a L. rhamnosus viability of almost 106 CFU g-1 at the end of the gastrointestinal passage. Confocal microscopy results demonstrated that bacterial cells were located prevalently within the aqueous domain near the monoglycerides and protein aggregates. Under these conditions, they can simultaneously achieve physical protection and find nutrients to survive environmental stresses. These findings suggest that MG-based gels can be proposed as efficient carriers of probiotic bacteria not only during food processing and storage but also upon digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melchior
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Marilena Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Francesca D'Este
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Nadia Innocente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Nicoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Sonia Calligaris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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19
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Wang G, Zhai Z, Ren F, Li Z, Zhang B, Hao Y. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the response to bile stress in a centenarian-originated probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius Ren. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109331. [PMID: 33233046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to bile stress is a crucial property for probiotics to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and exert their beneficial effects. In this work, transcriptomic analysis combined with two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that the transcript levels of 129 genes and the abundance of 34 proteins were significantly changed in Lactobacillus salivarius Ren when exposed to 0.75 g/L ox-bile. Notably, carbohydrate metabolism shifted to the utilization of maltose and glycerol for energy production, suggesting that L. salivarius Ren expanded carbon sources profile for gut adaptation in response to bile. Moreover, the enzymes involved in cell surface charge modification and the cell envelope-located hemolysin-like protein were overproduced, which was supposed to hinder the penetration of bile. Then, the up-regulated ABC transporters could contribute to the extrusion of bile accumulated in the cytoplasm. Additionally, proteolytic system was activated to provide more amino acids for the synthesis and repair of proteins damaged by bile. Finally, γ-glutamylcysteine with antioxidant activity and oxidoreductases for redox homeostasis were increased to cope with the bile-induced oxidative stress. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in bile stress response and adaptation in L. salivarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China
| | - Zaigui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Core Genomic Facility, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yanling Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, Beijing, China.
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20
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Assad SE, Rolny IS, Minnaard J, Pérez PF. Bifidobacteria from human origin: interaction with phagocytic cells. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1357-1367. [PMID: 32970888 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Given that phagocytic cells are main players of the host immune response, we studied the interaction of bifidobacteria with monocytic THP-1 cells in nonopsonic conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Association/internalization, cell response (expression of HLA-DR and TLR2), M1/M2 macrophage polarization and colocalization of micro-organisms with Lysotracker or transferrin were evaluated. Screening with eight Bifidobacterium strains showed two patterns of interactions with THP-1 cells: high and low association and phagocytosis. Two strains with different surface properties were further studied: B. bifidum CIDCA 5310 and B. adolescentis CIDCA 5317. Strain CIDCA 5310 showed higher levels of colocalization in lysosome than strain CIDCA 5317. Both strains stimulated TLR2 expression. Strain CIDCA 5317 significantly increases HLA-DR expression, however, when cells are stimulated with IFN-γ, strain CIDCA 5310 induces the highest value of expression. Noteworthy, strain CIDCA 5310 was able to upregulate both M1 and M2 markers of macrophage polarization. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that bifidobacteria from human origin show different patterns of interaction with phagocytic cells thus leading to different cell responses. These findings add further insight on the mechanisms involved in the biologic effects of probiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Knowledge of the interaction of bifidobacteria with key players of the host immune response is paramount for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Assad
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET- CCT La Plata) and Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - I S Rolny
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.,Área Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Minnaard
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET- CCT La Plata) and Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.,Área Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - P F Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET- CCT La Plata) and Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.,Área Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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Kaur Sidhu M, Lyu F, Sharkie TP, Ajlouni S, Ranadheera CS. Probiotic Yogurt Fortified with Chickpea Flour: Physico-Chemical Properties and Probiotic Survival during Storage and Simulated Gastrointestinal Transit. Foods 2020; 9:E1144. [PMID: 32825206 PMCID: PMC7555988 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, probiotic yogurt with Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Bifidobacterium BB12 was produced via fortification with chickpea flour (0, 1, 2.5, 5% w/v). During refrigerated storage for five weeks, probiotics maintained a viable count above the minimum therapeutic level (106 CFU/g) in all yogurt types. Although there was no significant (p > 0.05) positive effect of chickpea flour on probiotic viability during storage, the addition of chickpea flour has beneficial effects on the viability of both probiotic species in the presence of gastric and intestinal juices, with 0.3% bile. This study also evaluated the physio-chemical properties of probiotic yogurt during storage. Some physicochemical properties of yogurt, such as water holding capacity and susceptibility to syneresis, were enhanced by the addition of chickpea flour. Hence, chickpea flour could be an attractive pulse ingredient in the production of probiotic yogurts for health-conscious consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.K.S.); (F.L.); (T.P.S.); (S.A.)
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22
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Melchior S, Marino M, Innocente N, Calligaris S, Nicoli MC. Effect of different biopolymer-based structured systems on the survival of probiotic strains during storage and in vitro digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3902-3909. [PMID: 32323334 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of different biopolymer systems on the viability of two probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Streptococcus thermophilus) during storage and in vitro digestion. Methylcellulose (MC), sodium alginate (SA), and whey protein (WP)-based structures were designed and characterized in terms of pH, rheological properties, and visual appearance. RESULTS The results highlighted that the WP-system ensured probiotic protection during both storage and in vitro digestion. This result was attributed to a combined effect of the physical barrier offered by the protein gel network and whey proteins as a nutrient for microbes. On the other hand, surprisingly, the viscous methylcellulose-based system was able to guarantee good microbial viability during storage. However, this was not confirmed during in vitro digestion. The opposite results were obtained for sodium alginate beads. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the capacity of a polymeric structure to protect probiotic bacteria is a combination of structural organization and system formulation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melchior
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nadia Innocente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sonia Calligaris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Nicoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
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23
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The microbiota of Kalathaki and Melichloro Greek artisanal cheeses comprises functional lactic acid bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Marchesi A, Silva JA, Wiese B, Nader-Macías MEF. Survival of Beneficial Vaginal Lactobacilli (BVL) to Different Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3608-3618. [PMID: 32067602 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218093607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacilli are the dominant bacteria in the healthy vaginal tract, preventing the income of pathogenic microorganisms, either sexually or not transmitted. Probiotics are used to restore the vaginal microbiome by local administration. However, the ascendant colonization is proposed as a way to restore the vaginal balance, and to exert some complementary effects on the host, situation that requires that probiotic strains resist the gastrointestinal tract passage. OBJECTIVE To determine which probiotic vaginal strains were able to resist different gastrointestinal factors (pH, bile salts, and enzymes) to advance in the design of oral formulas. METHODS Different protocols were applied to evaluate the growth of 24 beneficial vaginal lactic bacteria (BVL) strains at low pH and high bile salts (individually evaluated) and in combined protocols. The viability of the strains in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions was studied to select the most resistant strains. RESULTS A low number of BVL was able to grow at low pH. Most of the strains did not survive at high bile salts concentration. The passage through pH first and bile salts later showed that only three strains were able to survive. In the simulated intestinal conditions, only Lactobacillus gasseri CRL1290, L. jensenii CRL1313, and L. jensenii CRL1349 decrease one or two logarithmic growth units (UFC/ml) at the end of the assay, maintaining their beneficial properties. CONCLUSION The behavior of BVL in the conditions assayed is not related to specific strain or metabolic group, because the resistance is strain-specific. The results highlight the importance of the screening performed in a way to select the most adequate strains to be included in the oral designed formula for the restoration of the vaginal tract microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Birgitt Wiese
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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D'Orazio G, De Giani A, Zampolli J, Zeaiter Z, Di Gennaro P, La Ferla B. PVP‐co‐DMAEMA as Novel Polymeric Coating Material for Probiotic Supplements Delivery. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Orazio
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra De Giani
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Jessica Zampolli
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Zahraa Zeaiter
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
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27
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Silva J, Marchesi A, Wiese B, Nader‐Macias M. Technological characterization of vaginal probiotic lactobacilli: resistance to osmotic stress and strains compatibility. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1835-1847. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Silva
- CERELA‐CONICET (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos‐ Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina) San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - A. Marchesi
- CERELA‐CONICET (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos‐ Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina) San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - B. Wiese
- Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - M.E.F. Nader‐Macias
- CERELA‐CONICET (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos‐ Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina) San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
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Effect of Encapsulated Probiotic Starter Culture on Rheological and Structural Properties of Natural Hydrogel Carriers Affected by Fermentation and Gastrointestinal Conditions. FOOD BIOPHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-019-09598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Fiocco D, Longo A, Arena MP, Russo P, Spano G, Capozzi V. How probiotics face food stress: They get by with a little help. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1552-1580. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1580673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Longo
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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30
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Peirotén A, Gaya P, Arqués JL, Medina M, Rodríguez E. Technological Properties of Bifidobacterial Strains Shared by Mother and Child. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9814623. [PMID: 30793000 PMCID: PMC6354206 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9814623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Technological processes in the dairy industry and the further passage through the gastrointestinal tract could impair viability and functionality of probiotic bifidobacteria. In the present work, the growth in milk of nine bifidobacterial strains shared by mother and child, their survival to freeze-drying and cold storage, and their behavior in a model cheese were investigated. All the strains exhibited high stability to the technological conditions studied when compared with two commercial strains. Bifidobacterium breve INIA P734 and Bifidobacterium bifidum INIA P671 as adjunct cultures maintained high stability during manufacture and ripening of cheese. Both strains showed, at the end of ripening period, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Moreover, their presence did not affect negatively the quality of cheese. B. breve INIA P734 and B. bifidum INIA P671 could be considered as potential candidates for their use in cheese as adjunct cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gaya
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arqués
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Exopolysaccharides May Increase Gastrointestinal Stress Tolerance of Lactobacillus reuteri. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2018-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated a possible relationship between exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and the resistance to bile salts and low pH in intestinal strains of Lactobacillus reuteri. The strains displayed a mucoid phenotype, when grown in the presence of 10 % sucrose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed strands of exopolysaccharide linking neighbouring cells. The strains (except L. reuteri B1/1) produced EPS in the range from 15.80 to 650.70 mg.l−1. The strains were tested for tolerance to bile salts (0.15; 0.3 %) and low pH (1.5—2.0—2.5—3.0). The survival rate, after the treatment with artificial gastric and intestinal juices, was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The strains of L. reuteri that produced 121—650 mg.l−1 of EPS showed a significantly higher tolerance (P < 0.001) to the gastric juice at pH 3 and 2.5, throughout the entire exposure time, in comparison to the strains that produced less than 20 mg.l−1 of EPS. L. reuteri L26, with the highest production of EPS, exhibited the highest survival rate (60 %) at pH 2 after the 120 minutes of in-cubation and was able to tolerate pH 1.5 for 30 minutes. Higher production of EPS significantly (P < 0.001) increased the strains’ tolerance against the intestinal juice in the presence of 0.15 and 0.3 % bile salts and was time dependent. L. reuteri L26 showed the highest tolerance (P < 0.001) against 0.3 % bile salts. This investigation revealed a positive correlation between the EPS production and the resistance of intestinal L. reuteri to the stress conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
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Yan M, Wang BH, Xu X, der Meister T, Tabγač HT, Hwang FF, Liu Z. Extrusion of Dissolved Oxygen by Exopolysaccharide From Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Its Implications in Relief of the Oxygen Stress. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2467. [PMID: 30405549 PMCID: PMC6202936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Strains of Leuconostoc are generally facultatively anaerobic and exposure to oxygen might be detrimental; therefore, strategies to combat the oxygen stress are essential for these bacteria to survive and flourish in the oxygenic atmosphere. Despite the extensive applications in industry, the fundamental issues concerning the aerobic life of Leuconostocs remain to be addressed. In this study, we have demonstrated that Leuconostoc mesenteroides CGMCC10064 cultivated in sucrose medium would acquire a growth advantage over that in glucose medium under oxygenic conditions, as reflected by more viable cells and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Further analysis showed that the growth advantage was dependent on exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesized by a secreted glucansucrase. Determination of the dissolved oxygen in the culture suggested that the growth improvement was mediated by extrusion of dissolved oxygen from the aqueous circumstances. Growth experiments performed with the purified EPS showed that supplementation of 5 g/L EPS in the medium could improve the aerobic growth of L. mesenteroides by ∼10-fold. Moreover, the purified EPS was also effective in promoting the aerobic growth of oxygen-sensitive Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These results demonstrate that EPS of L. mesenteroides plays a critical role in relief of the oxygen stress, and suggest the potential of the EPS in manufacture as well as preservation of oxygen-sensitive probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-hua Wang
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Jing’an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Tsiba der Meister
- Diagnosis Laboratory, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, French Polynesia Hospital Center, Pirae, French Polynesia
| | - Hei-tsai Tabγač
- Diagnosis Laboratory, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Fat-fat Hwang
- Diagnosis Laboratory, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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33
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Guantario B, Zinno P, Schifano E, Roselli M, Perozzi G, Palleschi C, Uccelletti D, Devirgiliis C. In Vitro and in Vivo Selection of Potentially Probiotic Lactobacilli From Nocellara del Belice Table Olives. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:595. [PMID: 29643848 PMCID: PMC5882814 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Table olives are increasingly recognized as a vehicle as well as a source of probiotic bacteria, especially those fermented with traditional procedures based on the activity of indigenous microbial consortia, originating from local environments. In the present study, we report characterization at the species level of 49 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains deriving from Nocellara del Belice table olives fermented with the Spanish or Castelvetrano methods, recently isolated in our previous work. Ribosomal 16S DNA analysis allowed identification of 4 Enterococcus gallinarum, 3 E. casseliflavus, 14 Leuconostoc mesenteroides, 19 Lactobacillus pentosus, 7 L. coryniformis, and 2 L. oligofermentans. The L. pentosus and L. coryniformis strains were subjected to further screening to evaluate their probiotic potential, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. The majority of them showed high survival rates under in vitro simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, and positive antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) pathogens. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or erythromycin was also performed for all selected strains. Three L. coryniformis strains were selected as very good performers in the initial in vitro testing screens, they were antibiotic susceptible, as well as capable of inhibiting pathogen growth in vitro. Parallel screening employing the simplified model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, fed the Lactobacillus strains as a food source, revealed that one L. pentosus and one L. coryniformis strains significantly induced prolongevity effects and protection from pathogen-mediated infection. Moreover, both strains displayed adhesion to human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and were able to outcompete foodborne pathogens for cell adhesion. Overall, these results are suggestive of beneficial features for novel LAB strains, which renders them promising candidates as starters for the manufacturing of fermented table olives with probiotic added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Guantario
- Food & Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zinno
- Food & Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Schifano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Roselli
- Food & Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuditta Perozzi
- Food & Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Palleschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Devirgiliis
- Food & Nutrition Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
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34
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Bengoa AA, Llamas MG, Iraporda C, Dueñas MT, Abraham AG, Garrote GL. Impact of growth temperature on exopolysaccharide production and probiotic properties of Lactobacillus paracasei strains isolated from kefir grains. Food Microbiol 2018; 69:212-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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35
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Polit A, Yang H, Amund D. Investigating the transmissibility of tet(W) in bifidobacteria exposed to acid and bile stress. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2018; 37:39-43. [PMID: 29662736 PMCID: PMC5897239 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.17-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from probiotic bacteria to pathogens poses a safety concern. Orally administered probiotics are exposed to stressful conditions during gastrointestinal transit. In this study,
filter mating experiments were performed to investigate the potential role of exposure of Bifidobacterium isolates to acid and bile stress on the transfer of a tetracycline resistance gene,
tet(W), to Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299. No E. faecalis transconjugants were obtained after mating with either stressed or unstressed
Bifidobacterium, thereby suggesting that tet(W) could not be transferred as a result of exposure to gastrointestinal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Polit
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Huiying Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Amund
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
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36
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Charnchai P, Jantama SS, Jantama K. Genome analysis of food-processing stressful-resistant probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BF052, and its potential application in fermented soymilk. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:4084568. [PMID: 28911187 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BF052 was demonstrated the growth capability in soymilk and could be thus supplemented as a probiotic starter that employed soymilk as one of its food vehicles. The complete genome sequence of BF052 was therefore determined to understand the genetic basis of BF052 as a technological and functional probiotic starter. The whole genome sequence of BF052 consists of a circular genome of 1938 624 bp with a G+C content of 60.50%. This research highlights relevant genes involving in its adaptive responses to industrial and/or environmental stresses and utilization of α-galacto-oligosaccharides in BF052 strain compared with other representative bifidobacterial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattra Charnchai
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sirima Suvarnakuta Jantama
- Division of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Sathonlamark Road, Warin chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Kaemwich Jantama
- Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Probiotic Features of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from a Diverse Pool of Traditional Greek Dairy Products Regarding Specific Strain-Host Interactions. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 10:313-322. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Guo Q, Li S, Xie Y, Zhang Q, Liu M, Xu Z, Sun H, Yang Y. The NAD +-dependent deacetylase, Bifidobacterium longum Sir2 in response to oxidative stress by deacetylating SigH (σ H) and FOXO3a in Bifidobacterium longum and HEK293T cell respectively. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:929-939. [PMID: 28506746 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) enzymes which catalyze NAD+-dependent protein/histone deacetylation. The mammalian sirtuin family SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6 can regulate oxidative stress. The probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum(B.longum) and Lactobacillus acidophilus(L. acidophilus)) have Sir2 gene family and have antioxidant activity in human body. it remains unknown whether probiotics Sir2 has a direct role in regulating oxidative stress. To this end, we knockout BL-sir2(sir2 B. longum) and LA-sir2(sir2 L.acidophilus) in low oxygen level. The antioxidant activities of two sir2 deficient strains was decreased, while when reintroduction of BL-sir2 and LA-sir2, the antioxidant activities were recoveried. In order to understand the regulation mechanism of probiotics Sir2 oxidation response. Then, we screened 65 acetylated protein, and found that SigH (σH) was a substrate of BL-Sir2. In addition, the acetylation level of σH decreased with the increase of BL-Sir2 level in B. longum. Thus, BL-Sir2 deacetylated σH in response to oxidative stress. Next, we transfected BL-Sir2 into H2O2-induced oxidative damage of 293T cells, BL-Sir2 increased the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2) and catalase (CAT) and reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS). Then, we analyzed the differential gene by RNA sequencing and Gene ontology (GO) and found that BL-Sir2 regulated forkhead transcription factor (FOXO3a) mediated antioxidant genes in overexpressed BL-Sir2 HEK293T cells. Our study is the first to link probiotics Sir2 with oxidative stress and uncover the antioxidant mechanism of BL-Sir2 in B. longum itself and human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenrui Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Research Center of Agricultural and Sideline Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Dairy Propionibacteria: Versatile Probiotics. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020024. [PMID: 28505101 PMCID: PMC5488095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria are used as cheese ripening starters, as biopreservative and as beneficial additives, in the food industry. The main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, is known as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe, USA, FDA). In addition to another dairy species, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, they are included in QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) list. Additional to their well-known technological application, dairy propionibacteria increasingly attract attention for their promising probiotic properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the probiotic characteristics of dairy propionibacteria reported by the updated literature. Indeed, they meet the selection criteria for probiotic bacteria, such as the ability to endure digestive stressing conditions and to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. This is a prerequisite to bacterial persistence within the gut. The reported beneficial effects are ranked according to property’s type: microbiota modulation, immunomodulation, and cancer modulation. The proposed molecular mechanisms are discussed. Dairy propionibacteria are described as producers of nutraceuticals and beneficial metabolites that are responsible for their versatile probiotic attributes include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conjugated fatty acids, surface proteins, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid (DHNA). These metabolites possess beneficial properties and their production depends on the strain and on the growth medium. The choice of the fermented food matrix may thus determine the probiotic properties of the ingested product. This review approaches dairy propionibacteria, with an interest in both technological abilities and probiotic attributes.
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40
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Eschlbeck E, Kulozik U. Effect of moisture equilibration time and medium on contact angles of bacterial spores. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 135:1-7. [PMID: 28132786 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Contact angle measurement of microorganisms is often described in literature, either to investigate their hydrophobic characteristic or the adhesion behavior of cells. However, in some key aspects the preparation methods differ. Thus, it is difficult to compare results and to choose a procedure for repetition of measurements. The aim of this paper is to point out some critical points during microorganism film preparation that can alter the resulting contact angles. Depending on the moisturizing medium and equilibration time, contact angles differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Eschlbeck
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, Freising, DE, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health.
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, Freising, DE, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health
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