1
|
Li Z, Yang M, Zhou C, Shi P, Hu P, Liang B, Jiang Q, Zhang L, Liu X, Lai C, Zhang T, Song H. Deciphering the molecular toolkit: regulatory elements governing shell biomineralization in marine molluscs. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 39030865 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The intricate process of shell biomineralization in marine molluscs is governed by a complex interplay of regulatory elements, encompassing secretomes, transporters, and noncoding RNA. This review delves into recent advancements in understanding these regulatory mechanisms, emphasizing their significance in elucidating the functions and evolutionary dynamics of the molluscan shell biomineralization process. Central to this intricate orchestration are secretomes with diverse functional domains, selectively exported to the extrapallial space, which directly regulate crystal growth and morphology. Transporters are crucial for substrate transportation in the calcification and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Beyond proteins and transporters, noncoding RNA molecules are integral components influencing shell biomineralization. This review underscores the nonnegligible roles played by these genetic elements at the molecular level. To comprehend the complexity of biomineralization in mollusc, we explore the origin and evolutionary history of regulatory elements, primarily secretomes. While some elements have recently evolved, others are ancient genes that have been co-opted into the biomineralization toolkit. These elements undergo structural and functional evolution through rapidly evolving repetitive low-complexity domains and domain gain/loss/rearrangements, ultimately shaping a distinctive set of secretomes characterized by both conserved features and evolutionary innovations. This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of molluscan biomineralization at the molecular and genetic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijie Yang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Shi
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Hu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtian Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changping Lai
- Lianyungang Blue Carbon Marine Technology Co., Lianyungang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cardoso JCR, Mc Shane JC, Li Z, Peng M, Power DM. Revisiting the evolution of Family B1 GPCRs and ligands: Insights from mollusca. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112192. [PMID: 38408601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Family B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most well studied neuropeptide receptor families since they play a central role in many biological processes including endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and reproduction in animals. The genes for these receptors emerged from a common ancestral gene in bilaterian genomes and evolved via gene/genome duplications and deletions in vertebrate and invertebrate genomes. Their existence and function have mostly been characterized in vertebrates and few studies exist in invertebrate species. Recently, an increased interest in molluscs, means a series of genomes have become available, and since they are less modified than insect and nematode genomes, they are ideal to explore the origin and evolution of neuropeptide gene families. This review provides an overview of Family B1 GPCRs and their peptide ligands and incorporates new data obtained from Mollusca genomes and taking a comparative approach challenges existing models on their origin and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Jennifer C Mc Shane
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lutet-Toti C, Da Silva Feliciano M, Debrosse N, Thomas J, Plasseraud L, Marin F. Diverting the Use of Hand-Operated Tablet Press Machines to Bioassays: A Novel Protocol to Test 'Waste' Insoluble Shell Matrices. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:30. [PMID: 38668137 PMCID: PMC11053508 DOI: 10.3390/mps7020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To mineralize their shells, molluscs secrete a complex cocktail of proteins-collectively defined as the calcifying shell matrix-that remains occluded in the exoskeleton. Nowadays, protein extracts from shells are recognized as a potential source of bioactive substances, among which signalling molecules, bactericides or protease inhibitors offer the most tangible perspectives in applied sciences, health, and aquaculture. However, one technical obstacle in testing the activity of shell extracts lies in their high insolubility. In this paper, we present a protocol that circumvents this impediment. After an adapted shell protein extraction and the production of two organic fractions-one soluble, one insoluble-we employ a hand-operated tablet press machine to generate well-calibrated tablets composed of 100% insoluble shell matrix. FT-IR monitoring of the quality of the tablets shows that the pressure used in the press machine does not impair the molecular properties of the insoluble extracts. The produced tablets can be directly tested in different biological assays, such as the bactericidal inhibition zone assay in Petri dish, as illustrated here. Diverting the use of the hand-operated tablet press opens new perspectives in the analysis of insoluble shell matrices, for discovering novel bioactive components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lutet-Toti
- UMR CNRS-uB-EPHE 6282 ‘Biogéosciences’, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nelly Debrosse
- UMR CNRS-uB-EPHE 6282 ‘Biogéosciences’, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Thomas
- UMR CNRS-uB-EPHE 6282 ‘Biogéosciences’, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Plasseraud
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS-uB 6302, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS-uB-EPHE 6282 ‘Biogéosciences’, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Namikawa Y, Suzuki M. Atmospheric CO 2 Sequestration in Seawater Enhanced by Molluscan Shell Powders. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2404-2412. [PMID: 38252973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are widely recognized as a promising technology for mitigating climate change. CO2 mineralization using Ca-rich fluids and high-concentration CO2 gas has been studied extensively. However, few studies have reported CO2 mineralization with atmospheric CO2, owing to the difficulty associated with its low concentration. In seawater, the biomineralization process promotes Ca accumulation and CaCO3 precipitation, assisted by specific organic matter. In this study, we examined the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into CaCO3 in seawater using shell powders (Pinctada fucata, Haliotis discus, Crassostrea gigas, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo sazae, and Saxidomus purpurata). Among the six species, the shell powder of S. purpurata showed the highest rate of CaCO3 formation and recovery of CaCO3. NaClO treatment test revealed that the organic matter in the shells enhanced the CO2 mineralization. All materials used in this study, including atmospheric CO2, seawater, and shells, are economically feasible for large-scale applications. Using shell powder for CO2 mineralization in seawater embodies an innovative technological advancement to address climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Namikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paleček D, Milano S, Gutiérrez-Zugasti I, Talamo S. Stable isotopes in the shell organic matrix for (paleo)environmental reconstructions. Commun Chem 2024; 7:16. [PMID: 38238400 PMCID: PMC10796374 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope ratios of mollusc shell carbonates have long been used to reconstruct past environmental conditions. Although shells also contain organics, they are seldom used in (paleo)climatic studies. Here, we extract the acid-soluble and insoluble fractions of the organic matrix of modern Mytilus galloprovincialis shells from three sites along a coast-to-upper-estuary environmental gradient to measure their hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope compositions. Both organic fractions showed isotopic signatures significantly different from those of carbonate and water at each site, indicating the involvement of different fractionation mechanisms. The soluble fraction showed gradual differences in isotope values along the gradient, while the insoluble fraction showed δ2H-δ18O correlation regressions subparallel to the Global and Local Meteoric Water Lines. These results showed the great potential of the shell organic matrix stable isotopes as possible (paleo)environmental proxies, stimulating further research to better define the fractionation mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Paleček
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Milano
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria (IIIPC), Universidad de Cantabria, Gobierno de Cantabria, Banco Santander, Av. de los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Futagawa K, Tang D, Kato Y, Nagata K, Suzuki M. Structural Analyses of DP-1, a Protein with the Ability To Bind Gold Nanoparticles, by Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300554. [PMID: 37792876 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), consisting of metallic gold, are applied in various fields owing to their characteristic physical properties. Collimonas sp. D-25 (D-25) is a Gram-negative bacterium obtained from soil, compost, and other environmental materials in the Akita Prefecture. DP-1 is a water-soluble protein found in D-25 that binds specifically to AuNPs and retains them with high stability. This study aimed to identify the part of DP-1 that interacts with AuNPs and determine its 3D structure in solution using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Peptide fragments obtained by trypsin digestion were examined for their AuNP-binding capacity to determine the key Au-binding domain of DP-1. A fragment consisting of 16 amino acid residues (GHAATPEQYGVVTANK) was identified as the peptide with the highest binding activity. Structural analyses of this peptide indicated that the main chain was elongated, and negatively charged residues in the side chain were exposed on the surface by incorporating AuNPs. These results suggest that DP-1 interacts with AuNPs through negatively charged residues and extended hydrophobic residues for protein-protein interactions. The structural data also provide new insights into biomimetic technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Futagawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Donglin Tang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yugo Kato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Muchio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shuai B, Deng T, Xie L, Zhang R. The regulatory effect of NF-κB signaling pathway on biomineralization and shell regeneration in pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126956. [PMID: 37739291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Pinctada fucata is an important pearl production shellfish in aquaculture. The formation of shells and pearls is a hot research topic in biomineralization, and matrix proteins secreted by the mantle tissues play the key role in this process. However, upstream regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors on the matrix protein genes remain unclear. Previous studies have shown that NF-κB signaling pathway regulated biomineralization process through expression regulation of specific matrix proteins, including Nacrein, Prismalin-14 and MSI60. In this study, we systematically investigated the regulatory effect of the NF-κB signaling pathway key factor Pf-Rel and inhibitory protein poI-κB on the biomineralization and shell regeneration process. We applied RNA interference and antibody injection assays to study in vivo function of transcription factor Pf-Rel and characterized shell morphology changes using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We found that transcription factor Pf-Rel plays a positive regulatory role in the growth regulation of the prismatic and nacreous layers, while the function of inhibitory protein poI-κB is to prevent excessive growth and accumulation of both layers. RNA-seq was conducted based on RNA interference animal model to identify potential regulatory genes by transcription factor Pf-Rel. Shell damage repair experiments were performed to simulate shell regeneration process, and observations of newly formed shells revealed that NF-κB signaling pathway had different functions at different times. This study provides us with a more macroscopic perspective based on transcription factors to investigate biomineralization and shell regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Shuai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Tingyue Deng
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Liping Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing 314006, China; Taizhou Innovation Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 318000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwaner C, Farhat S, Boutet I, Tanguy A, Barbosa M, Grouzdev D, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Combination of RNAseq and RADseq to Identify Physiological and Adaptive Responses to Acidification in the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:997-1019. [PMID: 37864760 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a major stressor threatening marine calcifiers, including the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). In this paper, we provide insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with resilience to OA, with the dual intentions of probing both acclimation and adaptation potential in this species. C. virginica were spawned, and larvae were reared in control or acidified conditions immediately after fertilization. RNA samples were collected from larvae and juveniles, and DNA samples were collected from juveniles after undergoing OA-induced mortality and used to contrast gene expression (RNAseq) and SNP (ddRADseq) profiles from animals reared under both conditions. Results showed convergence of evidence from both approaches, particularly in genes involved in biomineralization that displayed significant changes in variant frequencies and gene expression levels among juveniles that survived acidification as compared to controls. Downregulated genes were related to immune processes, supporting previous studies demonstrating a reduction in immunity from exposure to OA. Acclimation to OA via regulation of gene expression might confer short-term resilience to immediate threats; however, the costs may not be sustainable, underscoring the importance of selection of resilient genotypes. Here, we identified SNPs associated with survival under OA conditions, suggesting that this commercially and ecologically important species might have the genetic variation needed for adaptation to future acidification. The identification of genetic features associated with OA resilience is a highly-needed step for the development of marker-assisted selection of oyster stocks for aquaculture and restoration activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schwaner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Sarah Farhat
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Boutet
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Place Georges Teissier 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Michelle Barbosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - Denis Grouzdev
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peng M, Cardoso JCR, Pearson G, Vm Canário A, Power DM. Core genes of biomineralization and cis-regulatory long non-coding RNA regulate shell growth in bivalves. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00364-8. [PMID: 37995944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bivalve molluscs are abundant in marine and freshwater systems and contribute essential ecosystem services. They are characterized by an exuberant diversity of biomineralized shells and typically have two symmetric valves (a.k.a shells), but oysters (Ostreidae), some clams (Anomiidae and Chamidae) and scallops (Pectinida) have two asymmetrical valves. Predicting and modelling the likely consequences of ocean acidification on bivalve survival, biodiversity and aquaculture makes understanding shell biomineralization and its regulation a priority. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to a) exploit the atypical asymmetric shell growth of some bivalves and through comparative analysis of the genome and transcriptome pinpoint candidate biomineralization-related genes and regulatory long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and b) demonstrate their roles in regulating shell biomineralization/growth. METHODS Meta-analysis of genomes, de novo generated mantle transcriptomes or transcriptomes and proteomes from public databases for six asymmetric to symmetric bivalve species was used to identify biomineralization-related genes. Bioinformatics filtering uncovered genes and regulatory modules characteristic of bivalves with asymmetric shells and identified candidate biomineralization-related genes and lncRNAs with a biased expression in asymmetric valves. A shell regrowth model in oyster and gene silencing experiments, were used to characterize candidate gene function. RESULTS Shell matrix genes with asymmetric expression in the mantle of the two valves were identified and unique cis-regulatory lncRNA modules characterized in Ostreidae. LncRNAs that regulate the expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases gene family (TIMPDR) and of the shell matrix protein domain family (SMPDR) were identified. In vitro and in vivo silencing experiments revealed the candidate genes and lncRNA were associated with divergent shell growth rates and modified the microstructure of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals. CONCLUSION LncRNAs are putative regulatory factors of the bivalve biomineralization toolbox. In the Ostreidae family of bivalves biomineralization-related genes are cis-regulated by lncRNA and modify the planar growth rate and spatial orientation of crystals in the shell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Gareth Pearson
- Biogeographical Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino Vm Canário
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elejalde-Cadena NR, Hernández D, Capitelli F, Islas SR, Rosales-Hoz MJ, Zema M, Tarantino SC, Siliqi D, Moreno A. Influence of Intramineral Proteins on the Growth of Carbonate Crystals Using as a Scaffold Membranes of Ratite Birds and Crocodiles Eggshells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:869. [PMID: 37999355 PMCID: PMC10672969 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The lack of information on structural basis where proteins are involved, as well as the biomineralization processes of different systems such as bones, diatom frustules, and eggshells, have intrigued scientists from different fields for decades. This scientific curiosity has led to the use of methodologies that help understand the mechanism involved in the formation of these complex structures. Therefore, this work focuses on the use of eggshell membranes from different species of ratites (emu and ostrich) and reptiles (two species of crocodiles) as a model to differentiate biocalcification and biosilicification by introducing calcium phosphate or silica inside the membrane fiber mantles. We performed this to obtain information about the process of eggshell formation as well as the changes that occur in the membrane during crystal formation. In order to identify and understand the early processes leading to the formation of the microstructures present in the eggshell, we decided to carry out the synthesis of silica-carbonate of calcium, barium, and strontium called biomorph in the presence of intramineral proteins. This was carried out to evaluate the influence of these proteins on the formation of specific structures. We found that the proteins on untreated membranes, present a structural growth similar to those observed in the inner part of the eggshell, while in treated membranes, the structures formed present a high similarity with those observed in the outer and intermediate part of the eggshell. Finally, a topographic and molecular analysis of the biomorphs and membranes was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerith R. Elejalde-Cadena
- Institute of Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 045010, Mexico;
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Denisse Hernández
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Francesco Capitelli
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29,300, 00016 Rome, Italy;
| | - Selene R. Islas
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 045010, Mexico;
| | - Maria J. Rosales-Hoz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico;
| | - Michele Zema
- Department of Earth and Geoenvironmental Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Serena C. Tarantino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Vialle Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Institute of Geoscience and Georesources (IGG), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dritan Siliqi
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Abel Moreno
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Lott M, Seyyedizadeh SF, Corvaglia I, Greco G, Dal Poggetto VF, Gliozzi AS, Mussat Sartor R, Nurra N, Vitale-Brovarone C, Pugno NM, Bosia F, Tortello M. Multiscale static and dynamic mechanical study of the Turritella terebra and Turritellinella tricarinata seashells. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230321. [PMID: 37528678 PMCID: PMC10394405 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine shells are designed by nature to ensure mechanical protection from predators and shelter for molluscs living inside them. A large amount of work has been done to study the multiscale mechanical properties of their complex microstructure and to draw inspiration for the design of impact-resistant biomimetic materials. Less is known regarding the dynamic behaviour related to their structure at multiple scales. Here, we present a combined experimental and numerical study of the shells of two different species of gastropod sea snail belonging to the Turritellidae family, featuring a peculiar helicoconic shape with hierarchical spiral elements. The proposed procedure involves the use of micro-computed tomography scans for the accurate determination of geometry, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation to evaluate local mechanical properties, surface morphology and heterogeneity, as well as resonant ultrasound spectroscopy coupled with finite element analysis simulations to determine global modal behaviour. Results indicate that the specific features of the considered shells, in particular their helicoconic and hierarchical structure, can also be linked to their vibration attenuation behaviour. Moreover, the proposed investigation method can be extended to the study of other natural systems, to determine their structure-related dynamic properties, ultimately aiding the design of bioinspired metamaterials and of structures with advanced vibration control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Lott
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - S. F. Seyyedizadeh
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - I. Corvaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - G. Greco
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Meccanica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - V. F. Dal Poggetto
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Meccanica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - A. S. Gliozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - R. Mussat Sartor
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Meccanica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - N. Nurra
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi (DBIOS), Università degli Studi di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - C. Vitale-Brovarone
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - N. M. Pugno
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Meccanica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi (DBIOS), Università degli Studi di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - F. Bosia
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Tortello
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Limeira SCM, Rodrigues SC, Ghilardi RP. Characterization of the cross-lamellar structure of Olivancillaria urceus (Gastropoda: Olividae) and its dissolution pattern. Micron 2023; 166:103416. [PMID: 36680997 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we sought to characterize the cross-lamellar microstructure of the gastropod Olivancillaria urceus (Röding, 1798) and its profile after immersion in acid medium. For crystallographic analysis, segments of the valve were removed and crushed. The powder obtained was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) techniques. For microstructural analysis, eight sections were taken from the shell using a rotary saw. The face of interest of each section was polished with Saint Gobain silicon carbide abrasive powder with mesh sizes of 320, 500, 600, and 1000. The eight sections were divided into four groups of two samples. Three groups were left in 4 % glacial acetic acid solution diluted in water for intervals of 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively, and the control group was not degraded. All wafers were then analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscopy to ascertain the microstructure. The angle and thickness of the layers were determined by Image J software. As a result of the FTIR-ATR technique, a transmittance spectrum was obtained whose valleys represent the vibrational modes of the carbonate ion. The diffractogram peaks and their respective Miller indices, are characteristic of the aragonite crystallographic structure and a small fraction of calcite. The micrographs obtained exposed 3 layers of cross-lamellar microstructure, however, the third and innermost layer showed discontinuity. The angle and average thickness were (105 ± 2)° and (727 ± 5)µm for the outermost layer and (116 ± 3)° and (668 ± 6)µm for the middle layer. The tablets immersed in acid medium showed loss of orientation of the calcium carbonate grains after 40 min and 60 min. Thus, the O. urceus shell exhibits orthorhombic calcium carbonate crystallography. Three layers of cross-lamellar microstructure were identified, as well as the configuration of the structure after contact with corrosive media. These results contribute to the characterization of natural materials and serve as a basis for analysis of the preservation potential in the fossil record.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio C M Limeira
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina C Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, 1600, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato P Ghilardi
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carbonic anhydrase activity identified in the powdered nacreous layer of Pinctada fucata. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
|
14
|
Kintsu H, Kodama K, Horiguchi T. Spatial distributions of and species differences in 90Sr accumulation in marine fishes from the Fukushima coastal region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 256:107055. [PMID: 36356465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of radionuclides were released into the ocean during the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. One of the released radionuclides, 90Sr, tends to accumulate in bone, and could conceivably have long-term negative impacts on fishes. Here, we investigated 90Sr radioactivity concentrations in the vertebrae of demersal fishes collected off the coast of Fukushima Prefecture in January and July 2014. High 90Sr radioactivity concentrations were detected in fish collected from central Fukushima (offshore of the FDNPP) and southern Fukushima (offshore of Iwaki City), but were almost hardly detected in northern Fukushima (offshore of Soma City). Additionally, 90Sr radioactivity concentrations were higher among rays (Okamejei kenojei and Hemitrygon akajei: from 1.1 ± 0.5 to 103.3 ± 15.1 mBq/g Ca) and soles (Cynoglossus joyneri and Paraplagusia japonica: from 18.5 ± 2.8 to 52.8 ± 11.3 mBq/g Ca) than among other species. Vertebral stable Sr/Ca ratios also differed by fish species. Ca concentrations were relatively constant among species, but Sr concentrations were higher among elasmobranchs and soles, indicating that differences in Sr/Ca might be related to differences in 90Sr accumulation in fish vertebrae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kintsu
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Keita Kodama
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horiguchi
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Structural and functional analyses of chitinolytic enzymes in the nacreous layer of Pinctada fucata. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
16
|
de Muizon CJ, Iandolo D, Nguyen DK, Al-Mourabit A, Rousseau M. Organic Matrix and Secondary Metabolites in Nacre. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:831-842. [PMID: 36057751 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nacre, also called mother-of-pearl, is a naturally occurring biomineral, largely studied by chemists, structural biologists, and physicists to understand its outstanding and diverse properties. Nacre is constituted of aragonite nanograins surrounded by organic matrix, and it has been established that the organic matrix is responsible for initiating and guiding the biomineralization process. The first challenge to study the organic matrix of nacre lays in its separation from the biomineral. Several extraction methods have been developed so far. They are categorized as either strong (e.g., decalcification) or soft (e.g., water, ethanol) and they allow specific extractions of targeted compounds. The structure of the nacreous organic matrix is complex, and it provides interesting clues to describe the mineralization process. Proteins, sugars, lipids, peptides, and other molecules have been identified and their role in mineralization investigated. Moreover, the organic matrix of nacre has shown interesting properties for human health. Several studies are investigating its activity on bone mineralization and its properties for skin care. In this review, we focus on the organic constituents, as lipids, sugars, and small metabolites which are less studied since present in small quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Jourdain de Muizon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- STANSEA, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Donata Iandolo
- UMR5510 MATEIS, CNRS, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Dung Kim Nguyen
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Ali Al-Mourabit
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marthe Rousseau
- UMR5510 MATEIS, CNRS, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Lyon, France.
- U1059 INSERM - SAINBIOSE (SAnté INgéniérie BIOlogie St-Etienne) Campus Santé Innovation, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shuai B, Deng T, Xie L, Zhang R. A novel matrix protein PNU5 facilitates the transformation from amorphous calcium carbonate to calcite and aragonite. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:754-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
18
|
Kababya S, Ben Shir I, Schmidt A. From molecular level to macroscopic properties: A solid-state NMR biomineralization and biomimetic exploration. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Cuif JP, Medjoubi K, Somogyi A, Dauphin Y, Bazin D. From visible light to X-ray microscopy: major steps in the evolution of developmental models for calcification of invertebrate skeletons. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Hofer AK, Kraleva I, Prötsch T, Vratanar A, Wratschko M, Bermejo R. Effect of second phase addition of zirconia on the mechanical response of textured alumina ceramics. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
21
|
Strain-Induced Self-Rolling of Electrochemically Deposited Co(OH)2 Films into Organic–Inorganic Microscrolls. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Strain-induced self-folding is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biology, but is rarely seen in brittle geological or synthetic inorganic materials. We here apply this concept for the preparation of three-dimensional free-standing microscrolls of cobalt hydroxide. Electrodeposition in the presence of structure-directing water-soluble polyelectrolytes interfering with solid precipitation is used to generate thin polymer/inorganic hybrid films, which undergo self-rolling upon drying. Mechanistically, we propose that heterogeneities with respect to the nanostructural motifs along the surface normal direction lead to substantial internal strain. A non-uniform response to the release of water then results in a bending motion of the two-dimensional Co(OH)2 layer accompanied by dewetting from the substrate. Pseudomorphic conversion into Co3O4 affords the possibility to generate hierarchically structured solids with inherent catalytic activity. Hence, we present an electrochemically controllable precipitation system, in which the biological concepts of organic matrix-directed mineralization and strain-induced self-rolling are combined and translated into a functional material.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yi L, Zou B, Xie L, Zhang R. DCSr-NL: A Novel Method to Semiquantitatively Probe the Growth Rate of Nacre. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23624-23633. [PMID: 35847271 PMCID: PMC9281326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix proteins play critical roles in regulating the prismatic and nacreous layer formation in the shell. However, due to the dearth of in vivo experiments, their specific roles during shell formation are still unclear. In this study, a new method to detect the content of Sr in the nacreous layer (DCSr-NL), which can semiquantitatively measure the nacreous growth rate, has been proposed. In vitro experiments show that during in vitro crystallization, the Sr element can replace Ca partially, resulting in isomorphism. In vivo experiments show that the best labeling conditions are when the Sr/Ca in seawater is 0.3, at 24 °C, and at 4 days of culture. Although a surface morphological difference in the inner layer of nacre is seldom detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), knockdown of the classical gene nacrein or unknown gene NU9, combined with DCSr-NL, shows that both significantly decrease the nacreous layer formation rate. The knockdown of the classical gene Pif177 or unknown genes NU3 or MRPN affects the surface morphology and decreases the nacreous layer formation rate. In general, thanks to DCSr-NL, we can efficiently analyze the growth rate of the nacre with or without morphological changes by SEM, and it is of considerable significance for exploring the target gene's function in forming the nacre in vivo.
Collapse
|
23
|
Anderson LC, Long-Fox BL, Paterson AT, Engel AS. Live and Live-Dead Intraspecific Morphometric Comparisons as Proxies for Seagrass Stability in Conservation Paleobiology. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.933486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of life and death assemblages are commonly conducted to detect environmental change, including when historical records of live occurrences are unavailable. Most live-dead comparisons focus on assemblage composition, but morphology can also vary in species with environmental variables. Although live-dead morphologic comparisons are less explored, their data could be useful as a proxy in conservation paleobiology. We tested the potential for geometric morphometric data from live-and dead-articulated Stewartia floridana (Bivalvia: Lucinidae) to serve as proxies for seagrass occurrence and stability. The study area is at the northern end of Pine Island in Charlotte Harbor, FL, United States, an estuarine system with substantial seagrass loss in the 20th century and subsequent partial recovery. The area sampled has had relatively stable seagrass occurrences since at least the early 2000s. Live and dead-articulated S. floridana samples were collected from two transects through a patchy seagrass meadow, with sampled sites ranging from bare sand to 100% seagrass cover. Dead-articulated specimens were also collected from three adjacent transects. Live S. floridana shape covaried significantly with seagrass taxonomic composition and percent cover at the time of collection based on two-block partial least squares analysis, although shape differences between seagrass end members (100% Halodule wrightii and 100% Syringodium filiforme) were not significant by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Instead, specimens from 100% H. wrightii had significantly greater Procrustes variance. Live S. floridana shape data placed in categories describing seagrass stability over 6 years prior to sampling (and reflecting sclerochronologic estimates of maximum longevity) differed significantly based on MANOVA. For live and dead S. floridana from the same transects, shape differed significantly, but allometric trends did not. In addition, patterns of morphologic variation tied to seagrass stability were detected in dead-articulated valve shape. Dead shells from adjacent transects differed significantly in shape and allometric trend from both live and dead specimens collected together. We infer that morphometric differences recorded fine-scale spatial and temporal patterns possibly tied to environmental change. Therefore, geometric morphometrics may be a powerful tool that allows for death assemblages to track seagrass distributions through time prior to systematic monitoring, including in areas under high anthropogenic stress.
Collapse
|
24
|
Shimizu K, Takeuchi T, Negishi L, Kurumizaka H, Kuriyama I, Endo K, Suzuki M. Evolution of EGF-like and Zona pellucida domains containing shell matrix proteins in mollusks. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6633355. [PMID: 35796746 PMCID: PMC9290575 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified in molluskan shells. Their diversity is the consequence of various molecular processes, including domain shuffling and gene duplication. However, the evolutionary origin of most SMPs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary process EGF-like and zona pellucida (ZP) domains containing SMPs. Two types of the proteins (EGF-like protein (EGFL) and EGF-like and ZP domains containing protein (EGFZP)) were found in the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. In contrast, only EGFZP was identified in the gastropods. Phylogenetic analysis and genomic arrangement studies showed that EGFL and EGFZP formed a clade in bivalves, and their encoding genes were localized in tandem repeats on the same scaffold. In P. fucata, EGFL genes were expressed in the outer part of mantle epithelial cells are related to the calcitic shell formation. However, in both P. fucata and the limpet Nipponacmea fuscoviridis, EGFZP genes were expressed in the inner part of the mantle epithelial cells are related to aragonitic shell formation. Furthermore, our analysis showed that in P. fucata, the ZP domain interacts with eight SMPs that have various functions in the nacreous shell mineralization. The data suggest that the ZP domain can interact with other SMPs, and EGFL evolution in pterimorph bivalves represents an example of neo-functionalization that involves the acquisition of a novel protein through gene duplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takeuchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Isao Kuriyama
- Mie Prefecture Fisheries Research Institute, 3564-3 Hamajima, Hamajima-cho, Shima-city, Mie 517-0404, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Endo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Córdova-Rodríguez K, Flye-Sainte-Marie J, Fernández E, Graco M, Rozas A, Aguirre-Velarde A. Effect of low pH on growth and shell mechanical properties of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 177:105639. [PMID: 35512586 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution of anthropogenic CO2 modifies seawater pH, leading to ocean acidification, which might affect calcifying organisms such as bivalve mollusks. Along the Peruvian coast, however, natural conditions of low pH (7.6-8.0) are encountered in the habitat of the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), as a consequence of the nearby coastal upwelling influence. To understand the effects of low pH in a species adapted to these environmental conditions, an experiment was performed to test its consequences on growth, calcification, dissolution, and shell mechanical properties in juvenile Peruvian scallops. During 28 days, scallops (initial mean height = 14 mm) were exposed to two contrasted pH conditions: a control with unmanipulated seawater presenting pH conditions similar to those found in situ (pHT = 7.8) and a treatment, in which CO2 was injected to reduce pH to 7.4. At the end of the experiment, shell height and weight, and growth and calcification rates were reduced about 6%, 20%, 9%, and 10% respectively in the low pH treatment. Mechanical properties, such as microhardness were positively affected in the low pH condition and crushing force did not show differences between pH treatments. Final soft tissue weights were not significantly affected by low pH. This study provides evidence of low pH change shell properties increasing the shell microhardness in Peruvian scallops, which implies protective functions. However, the mechanisms behind this response need to be studied in a global change context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernesto Fernández
- Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Esq. General Valle y Gamarra s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| | - Michelle Graco
- Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 444, Lima, Peru; Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Esq. General Valle y Gamarra s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| | - Anibal Rozas
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima, Peru
| | - Arturo Aguirre-Velarde
- Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Esq. General Valle y Gamarra s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mecozzi M, Fratte RD, Pietroletti M, Novelli F, Scacco U. Chemical and structural aspects of fresh and fossil marine mollusc shells investigated by mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy with the support of statistical and multivariate methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28725-28742. [PMID: 34988807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we applied Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Fourier transform near infrared (FTNIR) spectroscopy to investigate some specific structural aspects of Patella caerulea, Mytilus edulis, Ostrea edulis, and Calista chione shells sampled in different sites. Moreover, for Ostrea edulis and Calista chione, the present study also included fossil samples. As far as FTIR spectroscopy is concerned, the support of statistical and multivariate methods such as the average spectrum (AV), spectral deconvolution, and two-dimensional correlation analysis (2DCOS) allowed to detect structural differences existing within the same mollusc species as a function of the sites they come. These differences can be reasonably linked to the local environmental conditions, which affect the biomineralization pattern of shell formation and growth. These structural differences are related to the calcite, aragonite, Mg-calcite contents, and interactions, as presently observed for fresh and fossil shells. The application of 2DCOS and deconvolution to FTIR spectra also showed the role of the amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) in the structural characterization of shells, then suggesting the use of a new parameter, the calcite and aragonite to ACC (CAACC) ratio, as a new measurement for the structural characterization of shells. At last, FTNIR spectroscopy allowed detecting the presence of α-helix and β-sheet protein structures in the shells. The results of this study show that also FTIR and FTNIR spectroscopy are able to discern differences in structural characteristics of mollusc shells, a field of environmental studies where scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are the more widely used methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mecozzi
- Laboratory of Chemometrics and Environmental Applications, ISPRA: Istituto Superiore Per La Protezione E La Ricerca Ambientale, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Delle Fratte
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Protection, ISPRA: Istituto Superiore Per La Protezione E La Ricerca Ambientale, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pietroletti
- Laboratory of Chemometrics and Environmental Applications, ISPRA: Istituto Superiore Per La Protezione E La Ricerca Ambientale, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Novelli
- Laboratory of Chemometrics and Environmental Applications, ISPRA: Istituto Superiore Per La Protezione E La Ricerca Ambientale, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Scacco
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Protection, ISPRA: Istituto Superiore Per La Protezione E La Ricerca Ambientale, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sang Y, Liu M. Hierarchical self-assembly into chiral nanostructures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:633-656. [PMID: 35173928 PMCID: PMC8769063 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One basic principle regulating self-assembly is associated with the asymmetry of constituent building blocks or packing models. Using asymmetry to manipulate molecular-level devices and hierarchical functional materials is a promising topic in materials sciences and supramolecular chemistry. Here, exemplified by recent major achievements in chiral hierarchical self-assembly, we show how chirality may be utilized in the design, construction and evolution of highly ordered and complex chiral nanostructures. We focus on how unique functions can be developed by the exploitation of chiral nanostructures instead of single basic units. Our perspective on the future prospects of chiral nanostructures via the hierarchical self-assembly strategy is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Sang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Diverse silk and silk-like proteins derived from terrestrial and marine organisms and their applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:56-71. [PMID: 34551332 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms develop unique systems in a given environment. In the process of adaptation, they employ materials in a clever way, which has inspired mankind extensively. Understanding the behavior and material properties of living organisms provides a way to emulate these natural systems and engineer various materials. Silk is a material that has been with human for over 5000 years, and the success of mass production of silkworm silk has realized its applications to medical, pharmaceutical, optical, and even electronic fields. Spider silk, which was characterized later, has expanded the application sectors to textile and military materials based on its tough mechanical properties. Because silk proteins are main components of these materials and there are abundant creatures producing silks that have not been studied, the introduction of new silk proteins would be a breakthrough of engineering materials to open innovative industry fields. Therefore, in this review, we present diverse silk and silk-like proteins and how they are utilized with respect to organism's survival. Here, the range of organisms are not constrained to silkworms and spiders but expanded to other insects, and even marine creatures which produce silk-like proteins that are not observed in terrestrial silks. This viewpoint broadening of silk and silk-like proteins would suggest diverse targets of engineering to design promising silk-based materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk has been developed as a biomedical material due to unique mechanical and chemical properties. For decades, silks from various silkworm and spider species have been intensively studied. More recently, other silk and silk-like proteins with different sequences and structures have been reported, not only limited to terrestrial organisms (honeybee, green lacewing, caddisfly, and ant), but also from marine creatures (mussel, squid, sea anemone, and pearl oyster). Nevertheless, there has hardly been well-organized literature on silks from such organisms. Regarding the relationship among sequence-structure-properties, this review addresses how silks have been utilized with respect to organism's survival. Finally, this information aims to improve the understanding of diverse silk and silk-like proteins which can offer a significant interest to engineering fields.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sarabia GM, Sharma B. Non-destructive raman spectroscopic determination of freshwater mollusk composition, growth, and damage repair. Analyst 2021; 146:6288-6296. [PMID: 34549732 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased acidification of aquatic habitats due to climate change is damaging mollusks. Non-destructive methods for analysis are necessary to study these endangered species. We analyzed five Unionidae gastropods using Raman spectroscopy. Shells were primarily composed of aragonite, a polymorph of calcium carbonate found in shell microstructure. Lattice mode Raman peaks from vaterite, a thought to be rare polymorph of calcium carbonate, were identified in each mollusk. Vaterite is present in mollusks at instances of shell damage and subsequent repair. We demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to vaterite, and it may not be as rare as previously thought. We also collected Raman spectra across the interior of Lampsillis fasciola. This data was analyzed through multivariate analysis, combining Principal Component Analysis with Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA). Results of PCA-LDA correlate with growth of the mollusks, demonstrating that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis could be used to monitor shell growth.
Collapse
|
30
|
Peng M, Liu Z, Li Z, Qian S, Liu X, Li J. The temptin gene of the clade Lophotrochozoa is involved in formation of the prismatic layer during biomineralization in molluscs. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:800-810. [PMID: 34339790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The biomineralization mechanism of mollusc shell has been studied for a long time, but there is a lack of understanding about the relationship between the shell formation in vitro and the signaling system in vivo. In this study, we cloned a novel shell matrix protein gene (hc-temptin), which only be characterized as a water-borne protein pheromone of molluscs in previous studies, from the freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. By bioinformatics analysis we found that temptin was a gene unique to the clade Lophotrochozoa, and it exists in all mollusc taxa except Cephalopoda. The current data supported the premise that temptin was generated in the early emergence of molluscs and that it maintained a high mutation rate to evolve relative independently. The specificity of hc-temptin expression in the mantle tissue suggests its potential to participate in biomineralization. Its sequence contained typical Ca2+ binding sites. Our experiments involving the pearl formation process, damaged shell repair process, and RNAi experiment showed that hc-temptin was a shell matrix protein that plays an important role in formation of the prismatic layer. The results of this study provided new insights about the origin of the temptin gene and its role in molluscs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | | | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314000, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Santana P, Aldana Aranda D. Nacre morphology and chemical composition in Atlantic winged oyster Pteria colymbus (Röding, 1798). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11527. [PMID: 34316389 PMCID: PMC8286703 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure and nanostructure of nacre in Pteria colymbus were studied with high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The tablets were found to be flat and polyhedral with four to eight sides, and lengths ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 µm. They consisted of nanocrystals 41 nm wide, growing in the same direction. X-ray diffraction showed the crystals to be mineral phase aragonite, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified a band at 1,786.95 cm−1 attributed to carboxylate (carbonyl) groups of the proteins present in the organic matrix as well as bands characteristic of calcium carbonate. X-ray fluorescence showed the nacre to contain 98% calcium carbonate, as well as minor elements (Si, Na, S and Sr) and trace elements (Mg, P, Cu, Al, Fe, Cl, K and Zn).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Santana
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Dalila Aldana Aranda
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Incorporation of silver nanoparticles into active antimicrobial nanocomposites: Release behavior, analyzing techniques, applications and safety issues. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 293:102440. [PMID: 34022748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Employing new strategies to develop novel composite systems has become a popular area of interest among researchers. Raising people's awareness and their attention to the health and safety issues are key parameters to achieve this purpose. One of the recommended strategies is the utilization of nanoparticles within the matrix of composite materials to improve their physical, mechanical, structural and antimicrobial characteristics. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have attracted much attention for nanocomposite applications mainly due to their antimicrobial characteristics. Herein, the current review will focus on the different methods for preparing antimicrobial nanocomposites loaded with Ag NPs, the release of Ag NPs from these nanostructures in different media, analyzing techniques for the evaluation of Ag release from nanocomposites, potential applications, and safety issues of nanocomposites containing Ag NPs. The applications of Ag NPs-loaded nanocomposites have been extensively established in food, biomedical, textile, environmental and pharmacological areas mainly due to their antibacterial attributes. Several precautions should be addressed before implementation of Ag NPs in nanocomposites due to the health and safety issues.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rosani U, Bortoletto E, Bai CM, Novoa B, Figueras A, Venier P, Fromm B. Digging into bivalve miRNAomes: between conservation and innovation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200165. [PMID: 33813895 PMCID: PMC8059956 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bivalves are a diverse mollusc group of economic and ecological importance. An evident resilience to pollution, parasites and extreme environments makes some bivalve species important models for studying adaptation and immunity. Despite substantial progress in sequencing projects of bivalves, information on non-coding genes and gene-regulatory aspects is still lacking. Here, we review the current repertoire of bivalve microRNAs (miRNAs), important regulators of gene expression in Metazoa. We exploited available short non-coding RNA (sncRNA) data for Pinctada martensii, Crassostrea gigas, Corbicula fluminea, Tegillarca granosa and Ruditapes philippinarum, and we produced new sncRNA data for two additional bivalves, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the blood clam Scapharca broughtonii. We found substantial heterogeneity and incorrect annotations of miRNAs; hence, we reannotated conserved miRNA families using recently established criteria for bona fide microRNA annotation. We found 106 miRNA families missing in the previously published bivalve datasets and 89 and 87 miRNA complements were identified in the two additional species. The overall results provide a homogeneous and evolutionarily consistent picture of miRNAs in bivalves and enable future comparative studies. The identification of two bivalve-specific miRNA families sheds further light on the complexity of transcription and its regulation in bivalve molluscs. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Molluscan genomics: broad insights and future directions for a neglected phylum'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Rosani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chang-Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Bastian Fromm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alagumalai A, Mahian O, Hollmann F, Zhang W. Environmentally benign solid catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144856. [PMID: 33450682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Versatile bio-derived catalysts have been under dynamic investigation as potential substitutes to conventional chemical catalysts for sustainable biodiesel production. This is because of their unique, low-cost benefits and production processes that are environmentally and economically acceptable. This critical review aspires to present a viable approach to the synthesis of environmentally benign and cost-effective heterogeneous solid-base catalysts from a wide range of biological and industrial waste materials for sustainable biodiesel production. Most of these waste materials include an abundance of metallic minerals like potassium and calcium. The different approaches proposed by researchers to derive highly active catalysts from large-scale waste materials of a re-usable nature are described briefly. Finally, this report extends to present an overview of techno-economic feasibility of biodiesel production, its environmental impacts, commercial aspects of community-based biodiesel production and potential for large-scale expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Alagumalai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam 532127, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Omid Mahian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Renewable Energy and Micro/Nano Sciences Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin 300308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharker MR, Sukhan ZP, Sumi KR, Choi SK, Choi KS, Kho KH. Molecular Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase II (CA II) and Its Potential Involvement in Regulating Shell Formation in the Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:669235. [PMID: 34026840 PMCID: PMC8138131 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.669235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of metalloenzymes that can catalyze the reversible interconversion of CO2/HCO3–, ubiquitously present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In the present study, a CA II (designated as HdhCA II) was sequenced and characterized from the mantle tissue of the Pacific abalone. The complete sequence of HdhCA II was 1,169 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 349 amino acids with a NH2-terminal signal peptide and a CA architectural domain. The predicted protein shared 98.57% and 68.59% sequence identities with CA II of Haliotis gigantea and Haliotis tuberculata, respectively. Two putative N-linked glycosylation motifs and two cysteine residues could potentially form intramolecular disulfide bond present in HdhCA II. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that HdhCA II was placed in a gastropod clade and robustly clustered with CA II of H. gigantea and H. tuberculata. The highest level of HdhCA II mRNA expression was detected in the shell forming mantle tissue. During ontogenesis, the mRNA of HdhCA II was detected in all stages, with larval shell formation stage showing the highest expression level. The in situ hybridization results detected the HdhCA II mRNA expression in the epithelial cells of the dorsal mantle pallial, an area known to express genes involved in the formation of a nacreous layer in the shell. This is the first report of HdhCA II in the Pacific abalone, and the results of this study indicate that this gene might play a role in the shell formation of abalone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rajib Sharker
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Zahid Parvez Sukhan
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Kanij Rukshana Sumi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sang Ki Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Industry and Science, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Kap Seong Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Kang Hee Kho
- Department of Fisheries Science, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses water quality concerns. The role of the shells’ surface area, exposure time, and the solution’s initial concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. Beaker scale experimental results demonstrated very good efficiency by the oyster shells for removing copper ions (80–95%), cadmium ions (50–90%), and zinc ions (30–80%) but the shells were not as effective in removing hexavalent chromium (20–60%). There was a positive relationship between initial concentration and removal efficiency for copper and zinc ions, a negative relationship for hexavalent chromium, and no relationship was found for cadmium ions. There was also a positive relationship between surface area and removal efficiency, and exposure time and removal efficiency. However, after a certain exposure time, the increase in removal efficiency was negligible and desorption was occasionally observed. A mid-scale experiment to mimic real-world conditions was conducted in which continuous inflow based on a 6-h design storm was applied to 2.7 kg of whole, unprocessed oyster shells. The shells provided an 86% and an 84% removal efficiency of cadmium and copper ions, respectively, in one day of hydraulic retention time. No removal was observed for hexavalent chromium, and zinc ion removal was only observed after initial leaching. This work has significant implications for sustainable stormwater infrastructure design using a material commonly found in municipal food waste.
Collapse
|
37
|
Buddawong T, Asuvapongpatana S, Suwannasing C, Habuddha V, Sukonset C, Sombutkayasith C, McDougall C, Weerachatyanukul W. Calcineurin subunit B is involved in shell regeneration in Haliotis diversicolor. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10662. [PMID: 33520456 PMCID: PMC7810044 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abalone shells are mainly composed of two major polymorphs of CaCO3 that are distributed in different layers of the shell. The process of shell biomineralization is controlled by genes and proteins expressed within the mantle epithelium. In this present paper, we conducted a shell regeneration experiment to study the role of HcCNA and HcCNB (individual subunits of calcineurin) in shell biomineralization in H. diversicolor. The results of qPCR showed that HcCNB is upregulated to a greater extent than HcCNA in the mantle after shell notching. In vivo study of the effects of rHcCNB injection showed a significantly higher percentage of regenerated shell length, but not area, in the injected group compared to the control group. In addition, SEM observation of the inner surface of the regenerated shells revealed three different zones including prismatic, nacreous, and a distinct transition zone. Changes in the crystal organization and ultrastructure are clearly evident in these three zones, particularly after 3 weeks of rHcCNB administration. We hypothesize that this is due to faster biomineralization rates in the rHcCNB treated group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HcCNB participates in shell regeneration in H. diversicolor. As calcineurin subunits have also been implicated in shell formation in bivalves, these findings suggest that calcineurin subunits may play important roles in biomineralization in all conchiferans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiranan Buddawong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somluk Asuvapongpatana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanyatip Suwannasing
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Mueang, Pitsanuloke, Thailand
| | - Valainipha Habuddha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.,School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Sukonset
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Carmel McDougall
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shimizu K, Kintsu H, Awaji M, Matumoto T, Suzuki M. Evolution of Biomineralization Genes in the Prismatic Layer of the Pen Shell Atrina pectinata. J Mol Evol 2020; 88:742-758. [PMID: 33236260 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molluscan shells are composed of calcium carbonates, with small amounts of extracellular matrices secreted from mantle epithelial cells. Many types of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified from molluscan shells or mantle cells. The pen shell Atrina pectinata (Pinnidae) has two different shell microstructures, the nacreous and prismatic layers. Nacreous and prismatic layer-specific matrix proteins have been reported in Pteriidae bivalves, but remain unclear in Pinnidae. We performed transcriptome analysis using the mantle cells of A. pectinata to screen the candidate transcripts involved in its prismatic layer formation. We found Asprich and nine highly conserved prismatic layer-specific SMPs encoding transcript in P. fucata, P. margaritifera, and P. maxima (Tyrosinase, Chitinase, EGF-like proteins, Fibronectin, valine-rich proteins, and prismatic uncharacterized shell protein 2 [PUSP2]) using molecular phylogenetic analysis or multiple alignment. We confirmed these genes were expressed in the epithelial cells of the mantle edge (outer surface of the outer fold) and the mantle pallium. Phylogenetic character mapping of these SMPs was used to infer a possible evolutionary scenario of them in Pteriomorphia. EGF-like proteins, Fibronectin, and valine-rich proteins encoding genes each evolved in the linage leading to four Pteriomorphia (Mytilidae, Pinnidae, Ostreidae, and Pteriidae), PUSP2 evolved in the linage leading to three Pteriomorphia families (Pinnidae, Ostreidae, and Pteriidae), and chitinase was independently evolved as SMPs in Mytilidae and in other Pteriomorphia (Pinnidae, Ostreidae, and Pteriidae). Our results provide a new dataset for A. pectinata SMP annotation, and a basis for understanding the evolution of prismatic layer formation in bivalves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kintsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiko Awaji
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhama, Minami-Ise, Watarai, Mie, 516-0193, Japan
| | - Toshie Matumoto
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhama, Minami-Ise, Watarai, Mie, 516-0193, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu L, Wang L, Matsuura A, Zhang M, Lu P, Iimura K, Nagata K, Suzuki M. Purification, crystallization and X-ray analysis of Pf-SCP (sarcoplasmic Ca-binding protein), related to storage and transport of calcium in mantle of Pinctada fucata. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 178:105781. [PMID: 33137413 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pf-SCP, a 21 kDa protein with two EF-hand motifs and a phosphorylation site, was identified from mantle tissue and binds to calcium ions and transports calcium components from cell to the shell of Pinctada fucata. To reveal the molecular basis of the calcium binding activity of Pf-SCP, we expressed the recombinant protein of full-length Pf-SCP in Escherichia coli. Recombinant Pf-SCP (rPf-SCP) purified by Ni affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography appeared as a single band on SDS-PAGE. The circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the α-helix content decreased when rPf-SCP interacted with both calcium ions and calcium carbonate. Western blotting and immunostaining verified the Pf-SCP expression in the shell and localization most in the mantle epithelial cells. To further understand the structural and functional regulation of Pf-SCP by calcium ions and calcium carbonate, the crystallization experiments of rPf-SCP in the presence of calcium ions were performed. A crystal of rPf-SCP obtained in the presence of calcium ions diffracted X-rays up to a resolution of 1.8 Å. The space group of the crystal is C2 with unit cell parameters of a = 96.828 Å, b = 55.906 Å, c = 102.14 Å and β = 90.009°, indicating that three molecules of rPf-SCP are contained in an asymmetric unit as estimated at the value of the Matthews coefficient. These results suggest that Pf-SCP may play a role in calcium ions transportation and shell mineralization by concentrating calcium ions inside the mantle epithelial cells and interacting with calcium carbonate molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Zhu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsuura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mimin Zhang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kurin Iimura
- Food Department, Department of Home Economics, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kintsu H, Nishimura R, Negishi L, Kuriyama I, Tsuchihashi Y, Zhu L, Nagata K, Suzuki M. Identification of methionine -rich insoluble proteins in the shell of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18335. [PMID: 33110152 PMCID: PMC7591529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molluscan shell is a biomineral that comprises calcium carbonate and organic matrices controlling the crystal growth of calcium carbonate. The main components of organic matrices are insoluble chitin and proteins. Various kinds of proteins have been identified by solubilizing them with reagents, such as acid or detergent. However, insoluble proteins remained due to the formation of a solid complex with chitin. Herein, we identified these proteins from the nacreous layer, prismatic layer, and hinge ligament of Pinctada fucata using mercaptoethanol and trypsin. Most identified proteins contained a methionine-rich region in common. We focused on one of these proteins, NU-5, to examine the function in shell formation. Gene expression analysis of NU-5 showed that NU-5 was highly expressed in the mantle, and a knockdown of NU-5 prevented the formation of aragonite tablets in the nacre, which suggested that NU-5 was required for nacre formation. Dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism revealed that recombinant NU-5 had aggregation activity and changed its secondary structure in the presence of calcium ions. These findings suggest that insoluble proteins containing methionine-rich regions may be important for scaffold formation, which is an initial stage of biomineral formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kintsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Isao Kuriyama
- Mie Prefecture Fisheries Research Institute, 3564-3 Hamajima, Hamajima-cho, Shima-city, Mie, 517-0404, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuchihashi
- Mie Prefecture Fisheries Research Institute, 3564-3 Hamajima, Hamajima-cho, Shima-city, Mie, 517-0404, Japan
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Parveen S, Chakraborty A, Chanda DK, Pramanik S, Barik A, Aditya G. Microstructure Analysis and Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of the Shells of Three Freshwater Snails. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25757-25771. [PMID: 33073101 PMCID: PMC7557267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The shells of freshwater snails are discarded as waste, which qualify as biological materials with prospective multiple uses. To substantiate this proposition, an attempt was made to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of the shells of three freshwater snails, namely, Bellamya bengalensis, Pila globosa, and Brotia costula. The shells were prepared for electron microscopy and assessment of the calcium carbonate content, apart from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and nanoindentation studies. The results indicated that the calcium carbonate content (y) of the shells ranged between 87 and 96% of the total weight (x) and complied with a power regression equation: y = 0.801x 1.016; R 2 = 0.994; r = +0.998; P < 0.001. Observations through SEM depicted different snail species-specific arrangement patterns of calcium carbonate crystals in the diverse layers of shells. The XRD, FTIR, and EDS observations revealed the dominance of the aragonite form of the calcium carbonate crystal in the microstructures of each snail shell with the occurrence of different shell surface functional groups. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis elucidated the surface textures of shell dust taken from each snail species; in addition, the nanohardness properties indicate the shells as a tough biocomposite exoskeleton. Species-specific variations in the shell morphology, microstructure, and calcium carbonate content were prominent for the three freshwater snails considered for the study. Nonetheless, the physical and chemical properties substantiate that the shells of B. bengalensis, P. globosa, and B. costula qualify as biological materials for sustainable use in various fields including bioremediation, biocatalyst, biomedical applications, and a source of lime. Since the shells of the freshwater snails are discarded as aquaculture waste, subsequent use as a biological material will support the "waste made useful" paradigm in sustainability, both from ecological and economic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saida Parveen
- Department
of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
| | - Anupam Chakraborty
- Department
of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Dipak Kr. Chanda
- School
of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Soujita Pramanik
- Department
of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anandamay Barik
- Department
of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
| | - Gautam Aditya
- Department
of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
- Department
of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun Q, Jiang Y, Yan X, Fan M, Zhang X, Xu H, Liao Z. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Shell Matrix Protein With PDZ Domain From Mytilus coruscus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:543758. [PMID: 33123020 PMCID: PMC7573561 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.543758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mollusk shells are products of biomineralization and possess excellent mechanical properties, and shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have important functions in shell formation. A novel SMP with a PDZ domain (PDZ-domain-containing-protein-1, PDCP-1) was identified from the shell matrices of Mytilus coruscus. In this study, the gene expression, function, and location of PDCP-1 were analyzed. PDCP-1 was characterized as an ∼70 kDa protein with a PDZ (postsynaptic density/discs large/zonula occludes) domain and a ZM (ZASP-like motif) domain. The PDCP-1 gene has a high expression level and specific location in the foot, mantle and adductor muscle. Recombinantly expressed PDCP-1 (rPDCP-1) altered the morphology of calcite crystals, the polymorph of calcite crystals, binding with both calcite and aragonite crystals, and inhibition of the crystallization rate of calcite crystals. In addition, anti-rPDCP-1 antibody was prepared, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses revealed the specific location of PDCP-1 in the mantle, the adductor muscle, and the aragonite (nacre and myostracum) layer of the shell, suggesting multiple functions of PDCP-1 in biomineralization, muscle-shell attachment, and muscle attraction. Furthermore, pull-down analysis revealed 19 protein partners of PDCP-1 from the shell matrices, which accordingly provided a possible interaction network of PDCP-1 in the shell. These results expand the understanding of the functions of PDZ-domain-containing proteins (PDCPs) in biomineralization and the supramolecular chemistry that contributes to shell formation.
Collapse
|
43
|
García-Huidobro MR, Aldana M, Varas O, Pulgar J, García-Herrera C, Abarca-Ortega A, Grenier C, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Lagos NA. Geographical variability and parasitism on body size, reproduction and shell characteristics of the keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105060. [PMID: 33070932 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variation may alter biological interactions and their ecological consequences. For instance, in marine ecosystems hosts and parasites are subject to environmental variability across latitudinal gradients, and their co-evolutionary dynamics may be the result of the interplay with local physical-chemical variables in seawater. Thus, assessing the environmental conditions required for a host in order to improve their survival is essential to understand the host-parasite interaction and dynamics. In this study, we evaluated the impact of parasitism by Proctoeces humboldti on the body size and reproduction of the intertidal keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa collected from three populations spanning ca. 1500 km along the latitudinal gradient of the Chilean coast. In addition, for the first time, we explore whether the effect of parasitism can be extended to changes in the organic composition and mechanical properties of the host shell. Our results show that parasitism prevalence and intensity, and body size of F. crassa increased in central Chile (ca. 33°S). Unlike body size, which was greater in parasitized limpets than in non-parasitized limpets at the three study sites, reproductive performance followed this trend only in central Chile populations, with no differences between parasitized and non-parasitized limpets collected in the northern Chilean (ca. 23°S), and lower in parasitized than non-parasitized individuals from the south-central Chile (ca. 37°S). The organic composition of F. crassa shells showed significant differences between parasite conditions (e.g. polysaccharides and water decreased in parasitized limpets) and across sites (e.g. proteins levels increase in shell of parasitized limpets from central Chile, but decreased at south-central Chile). However, variability in shell mechanical properties (e.g. toughness and elastic module) do not showed significant differences across sites and parasitism condition. These results suggest the interplay of both parasitism and environmental fluctuations upon the reproductive performance and morphology of the host. In addition, our result highlight that the host may also trade-offs reproduction, growth and shell organic composition to maintain the shell functionality (e.g. protection for mechanical forces and durophagous predators).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Roberto García-Huidobro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcela Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Varas
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Biomecánica, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Biomecánica, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Grenier
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Iwamoto S, Shimizu K, Negishi L, Suzuki N, Nagata K, Suzuki M. Characterization of the chalky layer-derived EGF-like domain-containing protein (CgELC) in the pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107594. [PMID: 32736075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The shells of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas contain calcite crystals with three types of microstructures: prismatic, chalky, and foliated layers. Many shell matrix proteins were annotated from the shells of C. gigas; however, it is unclear which SMPs play important roles in their shell mineralization. The matrix proteins have never been reported from the chalky layer. In this study, we identified a chalky layer-derived EGF-like domain-containing protein (CgELC) from the chalky layer of C. gigas shells. The gene sequence of the CgELC was encoded under CGI_ 10,017,544 of the C. gigas genome database. Only peptide fragments in the N-terminal region of CGI_ 10,017,544 were detected by LC-MS/MS analyses, suggesting that CGI_ 10,017,544 was digested at the predicted protease digestion dibasic site by post-translational modification to become a mature CgELC protein. We produced three types of CgELC recombinant proteins, namely, the full length CgELC, as well as the N-terminal and C-terminal parts of CgELC (CgELC-N or -C, respectively), for in vitro crystallization experiments. In the presence of these recombinant proteins, the aggregation of polycrystalline calcite was observed. Some fibrous organic components seemed to be incorporated into the calcite crystals in the presence of the r-CgELC protein. We also noted different features in the crystallization between CgELC-N and CgELC-C; some crystals were inhibited crystal plane formation and contained many columnar prisms inside the crystals (CgELC-N) and formed numerous holes on their surfaces (CgELC-C). These results suggest that CgELC is involved in crystal aggregation and incorporated into calcite crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihori Iwamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimizu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, 4-1 Ogimu, Notocho, Hosu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Structure and distribution of chalky deposits in the Pacific oyster using x-ray computed tomography (CT). Sci Rep 2020; 10:12118. [PMID: 32694560 PMCID: PMC7374099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oysters are unusual among bivalves in that they possess chambers, often filled with soft, chalky calcite, that are irregularly scattered throughout the shell. Because the function of these so-called chalky deposits is still unclear, evaluating the growth and distribution of chalk is important for elucidating the ecological function of this unique shell trait. Specimens of the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas, an oyster well known for chalk expression, were grown in Bodega Harbor, Bodega Bay, CA. At the end of an 11 month growing period, specimens were culled and selected animals were submitted for x-ray computed-tomography imaging. Three-dimensional reconstructions of oyster shells were used to assess the overall distribution of chalk, and also to better understand the relationship between chalk and other structures within the shell. Results indicate that chalky deposits underly sculptural features on the shell exterior, such as external ridges and changes in growth direction, and also that there is a relationship between chalk formation and oyster processes of cementation. Overall, chalk is useful for a cementing lifestyle because it enables morphological plasticity needed to conform to irregular substrates, but also acts as a cheap building material to facilitate rapid growth.
Collapse
|
46
|
Cuif JP, Belhadj O, Borensztajn S, Gèze M, Trigos-Santos S, Prado P, Dauphin Y. Prism substructures in the shell of Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Mollusca - Evidence for a three-dimensional pulsed-growth model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04513. [PMID: 32715146 PMCID: PMC7378700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the shells of the Pelecypods belonging to the Pinnidae family, the calcareous prismatic units of the outer layer are long-standing references for biomineralization studies. To elucidate how the mechanism of prism formation enables both shell elongation and thickness increase, a top-down structural analysis of these classical "simple prisms" has been carried out, taking advantage of shell sampling on actively mineralizing animals. Particular attention was paid to the morphological and structural patterns of the calcareous units sequentially produced at the margins of the growth lamellae. This pre-prismatic part of the shell allows for studying the mineralizing stages not taken into account in prism reconstructions based on samples taken from older areas of the shell. Examination of the microstructural sequence shows that within the actively mineralizing area of the shell, a step-by-step structuring process is continuously running, providing a renewed view of prism formation as it makes obvious the progressive occurrence of their specific patterns. Given the critically endangered status of the species, a better knowledge of the mineralization process associated to shell growth may become handy for future studies aimed at understanding the health status of individuals based on their shell records.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Cuif
- UMR 7207 CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oulfa Belhadj
- CRC Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USR 3224, Sorbonne Université, CNRS CP21, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Borensztajn
- UMR 7154 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Gèze
- CeMIM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergio Trigos-Santos
- Institut océanographique Paul Ricard, Ile des Embiez, 83140, Six-Fours les Plages, France
| | | | - Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR 7205 ISYEB, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Xie L, Zhang R. A species-specific miRNA participates in biomineralization by targeting CDS regions of Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP in Pinctada fucata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8971. [PMID: 32488043 PMCID: PMC7265298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a sophisticated biological process precisely regulated by multiple molecules and pathways. Accumulating miRNAs have been identified in invertebrates but their functions in biomineralization are poorly studied. Here, an oyster species-specific miRNA, novel_miR_1 was found to regulate biomineralization in Pinctada fucata. Target prediction showed that novel_miR_1 could target Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP by binding to their coding sequences (CDS). Tissue distribution analysis revealed that the expression level of novel_miR_1 was highest in the mantle, which was a key tissue participating in biomineralization. Gain-of-function assay in vivo showed that biomineralization-related genes including Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP were down-regulated and shell inner surfaces of both prismatic and nacreous layer were disrupted after the over-expression of novel_miR_1, indicating its dual roles in biomineralization. Furthermore, the shell notching results indicated that novel_miR_1 was involved in shell regeneration. Dual-luciferase reporter assay in vitro demonstrated that novel_miR_1 directly suppressed Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP genes by binding to the CDS regions. Taken together, these results suggest that novel_miR_1 is a direct negative regulator to Prisilkin-39 and ACCBP and plays an indispensable and important role in biomineralization in both prismatic and nacreous layer of P. fucata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zhu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Liping Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 705 Yatai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Ferreira V, Peng M, Zhang X, Power DM. The calcitonin-like system is an ancient regulatory system of biomineralization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7581. [PMID: 32371888 PMCID: PMC7200681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms acquired the capacity to accumulate minerals in tissues. Shells are the biomineralized exoskeleton of marine molluscs produced by the mantle but factors that regulate mantle shell building are still enigmatic. This study sought to identify candidate regulatory factors of molluscan shell mineralization and targeted family B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligands that include calcium regulatory factors in vertebrates, such as calcitonin (CALC). In molluscs, CALC receptor (CALCR) number was variable and arose through lineage and species-specific duplications. The Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) mantle transcriptome expresses six CALCR-like and two CALC-precursors encoding four putative mature peptides. Mussel CALCR-like are activated in vitro by vertebrate CALC but only receptor CALCRIIc is activated by the mussel CALCIIa peptide (EC50 = 2.6 ×10-5 M). Ex-vivo incubations of mantle edge tissue and mantle cells with CALCIIa revealed they accumulated significantly more calcium than untreated tissue and cells. Mussel CALCIIa also significantly decreased mantle acid phosphatase activity, which is associated with shell remodelling. Our data indicate the CALC-like system as candidate regulatory factors of shell mineralization. The identification of the CALC system from molluscs to vertebrates suggests it is an ancient and conserved calcium regulatory system of mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vinícius Ferreira
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - MaoXiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xushuai Zhang
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shi Y, Zhao M, He M. PfSMAD1/5 Can Interact with PfSMAD4 to Inhibit PfMSX to Regulate Shell Biomineralization in Pinctada fucata martensii. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:246-262. [PMID: 31960221 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The BMP2 signal transduced by SMAD1/5 plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Shell formation of Pinctada fucata martensii is a typical biomineralization process that is similar to that of teeth/bone formation. However, whether the Pinctada fucata BMP2 (PfBMP2) signal transduced by PfSMAD1/5 occurs in P. f. martensii, how the PfBMP2 signal is transduced by PfSMAD1/5, and how PfSMAD1/5 regulates the biomineralization process in this species and other shellfish are poorly understood. Therefore, injection experiments of recombinant PfBMP2 and inhibitor dorsomorphin revealed that PfSMAD1/5 can transduce PfBMP2 signals. Subcellular localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays indicated that PfSMAD1/5 phosphorylated by PfBMPR1b interacts with PfSMAD4 in the cytoplasm to form a complex, which translocates to the nucleus to transduce PfBMP2 signals. Co-immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays revealed that PfSMAD1/5 may interact with PfMSX to dislodge it from its binding element, resulting in initiation of mantle gene transcription. The in vivo functional assay showed that knockdown of PfMSAD1/5 decreased expression of shell matrix genes and disordered the nacreous layer, and the correlation assay of shell regeneration showed the concomitant expression pattern of PfSMAD1/5 and shell matrix genes. Together, these data showed that PfSMAD1/5 can transduce PfBMP2 signals to regulate shell biomineralization in P. f. martensii, which illustrated conservation of the BMP2-SMAD signal pathway among invertebrates. Particularly, the results suggest that there is only one PfMSX gene, which functions like the Hox gene in vertebrates, that interacts with PfSMAD1/5 in a protein-protein action form and plays the role of transcription repressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Mi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Maoxian He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhao X, Han Y, Chen B, Xia B, Qu K, Liu G. CO 2-driven ocean acidification weakens mussel shell defense capacity and induces global molecular compensatory responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125415. [PMID: 31770697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 is reducing seawater pH and shifting carbonate chemistry within, a process termed as ocean acidification (OA). Marine mussels are a family of ecologically and economically significant bivalves that are widely distributed along coastal areas worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that OA greatly disrupts mussels' physiological functions. However, the underlying molecular responses (e.g., whether there were any molecular compensation mechanisms) and the extent to which OA affects mussel shell defense capacity remain largely unknown. In this study, the thick shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed to the ambient pH (8.1) or one of two lowered pH levels (7.8 and 7.4) for 40 days. The results suggest that future OA will damage shell structure and weaken shell strength and shell closure strength, ultimately reducing mussel shell defense capacity. In addition, future OA will also disrupt haemolymph pH and Ca2+ homeostasis, leading to extracellular acidosis and Ca2+ deficiency. Mantle transcriptome analyses indicate that mussels will adopt a series of molecular compensatory responses to mitigate these adverse effects; nevertheless, weakened shell defense capacity will increase mussels' susceptibility to predators, parasites and pathogens, and thereby reduce their fitness. Overall, the findings of this study have significant ecological and economic implications, and will enhance our understanding of the future of the mussel aquaculture industry and coastal ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|