1
|
Bettariga F, Bishop C, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Maestroni L, Newton RU. Time to consider the potential role of alternative resistance training methods in cancer management? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:715-725. [PMID: 37399886 PMCID: PMC10658316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer. Exercise improves health-related outcomes, including quality of life, neuromuscular strength, physical function, and body composition, and it is associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence and increased survival. Moreover, exercise during or post cancer treatments is safe, can ameliorate treatment-related side effects, and may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. To date, traditional resistance training (RT) is the most used RT modality in exercise oncology. However, alternative training modes, such as eccentric, cluster set, and blood flow restriction are gaining increased attention. These training modalities have been extensively investigated in both athletic and clinical populations (e.g., age-related frailty, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes), showing considerable benefits in terms of neuromuscular strength, hypertrophy, body composition, and physical function. However, these training modes have only been partially or not at all investigated in cancer populations. Thus, this study outlines the benefits of these alternative RT methods in patients with cancer. Where evidence in cancer populations is sparse, we provide a robust rationale for the possible implementation of certain RT methods that have shown positive results in other clinical populations. Finally, we provide clinical insights for research that may guide future RT investigations in patients with cancer and suggest clear practical applications for targeted cancer populations and related benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bettariga
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Luca Maestroni
- London Sport Institute, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Herskind J, Kristensen AM, Ørtenblad N, de Paoli F, Vissing K, Overgaard K. Prolonged loss of force and power following fatiguing contractions in rat soleus muscles. Is low-frequency fatigue an issue during dynamic contractions? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1642-C1651. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00241.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency fatigue (LFF) is defined by a relatively larger deficit in isometric force elicited by low-frequency electrical stimulation compared with high-frequency stimulation. However, the effects of LFF on power during dynamic contractions elicited at low and high frequencies have not been thoroughly characterized. In the current study, rat soleus muscles underwent fatiguing either concentric, eccentric, or isometric contractions. Before and 1 h after the fatiguing contractions, a series of brief isometric and dynamic contractions elicited at 20 and 80 Hz stimulation to establish force-velocity relationships. Maximal force (Fmax), velocity (Vmax), and power (Pmax) were assessed for each frequency. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and reuptake rates were assessed pre- and postfatigue. Prolonged fatigue was observed as a loss of Fmax and Pmax in muscles fatigued by concentric or eccentric, but not by isometric contractions. When quantified as a decrease in the ratio between 20 Hz and 80 Hz contractile output, LFF was more pronounced for isometric force than for power (−21% vs. −16% for concentrically fatigued muscles, P = 0.003; 29 vs. 13% for eccentrically fatigued muscles, P < 0.001). No changes in SR Ca2+ release or reuptake rates were observed. We conclude that LFF is less pronounced when expressed in terms of power deficits than when expressed in terms of force deficits, and that LFF, therefore, likely affects performance to a lesser degree during fast concentric contractions than during static or slow contractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Herskind
- Department of Public Health, Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frank de Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Department of Public Health, Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Resveratrol administration reduces pain perception but does not attenuate force loss following exercise-induced muscle damage. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
4
|
Is "Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness" a False Friend? The Potential Implication of the Fascial Connective Tissue in Post-Exercise Discomfort. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179482. [PMID: 34502387 PMCID: PMC8431437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strenuous and unaccustomed exercise frequently lead to what has been coined “delayed onset muscle soreness” (DOMS). As implied by this term, it has been proposed that the associated pain and stiffness stem from micro-lesions, inflammation, or metabolite accumulation within the skeletal muscle. However, recent research points towards a strong involvement of the connective tissue. First, according to anatomical studies, the deep fascia displays an intimate structural relationship with the underlying skeletal muscle and may therefore be damaged during excessive loading. Second, histological and experimental studies suggest a rich supply of algogenic nociceptors whose stimulation evokes stronger pain responses than muscle irritation. Taken together, the findings support the hypothesis that DOMS originates in the muscle-associated connective tissue rather than in the muscle itself. Sports and fitness professionals designing exercise programs should hence consider fascia-oriented methods and techniques (e.g., foam rolling, collagen supplementation) when aiming to treat or prevent DOMS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ochi E, Ueda H, Tsuchiya Y, Kouzaki K, Nakazato K. Eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage in human flexor pollicis brevis is accompanied by impairment of motor nerve. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:462-471. [PMID: 31663641 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eccentric contractions (ECCs) cause muscle damage. In addition, we showed that ECCs induce nerve dysfunction and damage with rats and human. PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) for flexor pollicis brevis muscle (FPBM) after ECCs. METHODS Twelve men (years, 19.8 ± 1.7 years; height, 172.4 ± 7.0 cm; weight, 64.0 ± 8.6 kg) performed maximal 100 ECCs on their FPBM of non-dominant hands with torque dynamometer. The dominant hands were control (CON). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion (ROM), DOMS, and MCV were assessed before, immediately post, and 1, 2, and 5 days after ECCs. MCV was calculated as the distance by stimulation divided by the latencies of the waveforms generated. Values were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA, and the significance level was set at P < .05. RESULTS Decreases in MVC immediately (-32.9%) to 5 days after ECCs were significantly greater (P < .05) than for the CON group. ROM showed a significant decrease immediately (-21.6%) after ECCs compared with before ECCs and CON group (P < .05). DOMS after ECCs increased at 1 and 2 days (5.0 cm) after ECCs compared with before ECCs and CON (P < .05). Also, MCV after ECCs delayed significantly from immediately (-36.4%), 1, 2, and 5 days after ECCs compared with CON (P < .05), while no significant change in M-wave amplitude was observed over time for both ECCs and CON. CONCLUSION The present study showed that ECCs of the FPBM cause a significant delay in MCV of median nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ueda
- Faculty of Health Care and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Faculty of Modern Life, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karina Kouzaki
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song SH. Effects of Ankle Muscle Contraction Method on Strength, Flexibility and Balance of Ankle Joint in High School Soccer Player. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2018.20.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
7
|
Chou CC, Sung YC, Davison G, Chen CY, Liao YH. Short-Term High-Dose Vitamin C and E Supplementation Attenuates Muscle Damage and Inflammatory Responses to Repeated Taekwondo Competitions: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1217-1226. [PMID: 30123060 PMCID: PMC6097262 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage during intensive sport events is a very common issue in sport medicine. Therefore, the purpose is to investigate the effects of short-term high-dose vitamin C and E supplementation on muscle damage, hemolysis, and inflammatory responses to simulated competitive Olympic Taekwondo (TKD) matches in elite athletes. Methods: Using a randomized placebo-controlled and double-blind study design, eighteen elite male TKD athletes were weight-matched and randomly assigned into either a vitamin C and E group (Vit C+E; N = 9) or placebo group (PLA; N = 9). Vit C+E or PLA supplements were taken daily (Vit C+E: 2000 mg/d vitamin C; 1400 U/d vitamin E) for 4 days (3 days before and on competition day) before taking part in 4 consecutive TKD matches on a single day. Plasma samples were obtained before each match and 24-hours after the first match for determination of markers of muscle damage, hemolysis, and systemic inflammatory state. Results: Myoglobin was lower in the Vit C+E group, compared to PLA, during the match day (area under curve, AUC -47.0% vs. PLA, p = 0.021). Plasma creatine kinase was lower in the Vit C+E group (AUC -57.5% vs. PLA, p = 0.017) and hemolysis was lower in the Vit C+E group (AUC -40.5% vs. PLA, p = 0.034). Conclusions: We demonstrated that short-term (4-days) vitamin C and E supplementation effectively attenuated exercise-induced tissue damage and inflammatory response during and after successive TKD matches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chung Chou
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Sung
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Glen Davison
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, UK
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamandulis S, de Souza Leite F, Hernández A, Katz A, Brazaitis M, Bruton JD, Venckunas T, Masiulis N, Mickeviciene D, Eimantas N, Subocius A, Rassier DE, Skurvydas A, Ivarsson N, Westerblad H. Prolonged force depression after mechanically demanding contractions is largely independent of Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species. FASEB J 2017; 31:4809-4820. [PMID: 28716970 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700019r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS) and impaired cellular Ca2+ handling are implicated in the prolonged low-frequency force depression (PLFFD) observed in skeletal muscle after both metabolically and mechanically demanding exercise. Metabolically demanding high-intensity exercise can induce PLFFD accompanied by ROS-dependent fragmentation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channels, the ryanodine receptor 1s (RyR1s). We tested whether similar changes occur after mechanically demanding eccentric contractions. Human subjects performed 100 repeated drop jumps, which require eccentric knee extensor contractions upon landing. This exercise caused a major PLFFD, such that maximum voluntary and electrically evoked forces did not recover within 24 h. Drop jumps induced only minor signs of increased ROS, and RyR1 fragmentation was observed in only 3 of 7 elderly subjects. Also, isolated mouse muscle preparations exposed to drop-jump-mimicking eccentric contractions showed neither signs of increased ROS nor RyR1 fragmentation. Still, the free cytosolic [Ca2+] during tetanic contractions was decreased by ∼15% 1 h after contractions, which can explain the exaggerated force decrease at low-stimulation frequencies but not the major frequency-independent force depression. In conclusion, PLFFD caused by mechanically demanding eccentric contractions does not involve any major increase in ROS or RyR1 fragmentation.-Kamandulis, S., de Souza Leite, F., Hernandez, A., Katz, A., Brazaitis, M., Bruton, J. D., Venckunas, T., Masiulis, N., Mickeviciene, D., Eimantas, N., Subocius, A., Rassier, D. E., Skurvydas, A., Ivarsson, N., Westerblad, H. Prolonged force depression after mechanically demanding contractions is largely independent of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Felipe de Souza Leite
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andres Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Joseph D Bruton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Masiulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Mickeviciene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrejus Subocius
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Surgery, Kaunas Clinical Hospital, Kaunas, Lithuania; and.,Clinic of Surgery, Republican Hospital of Kaunas, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albertas Skurvydas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Skurvydas A, Mamkus G, Kamandulis S, Dudoniene V, Valanciene D, Westerblad H. Mechanisms of force depression caused by different types of physical exercise studied by direct electrical stimulation of human quadriceps muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2215-2224. [PMID: 27637589 PMCID: PMC5118408 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Force production frequently remains depressed for several hours or even days after various types of strenuous physical exercise. We hypothesized that the pattern of force changes during the first hour after exercise can be used to reveal muscular mechanisms likely to underlie the decline in muscle performance during exercise as well as factors involved in the triggering the prolonged force depression after exercise. Methods Nine groups of recreationally active male volunteers performed one of the following types of exercise: single prolonged or repeated short maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs); single or repeated all-out cycling bouts; repeated drop jumps. The isometric force of the right quadriceps muscle was measured during stimulation with brief 20 and 100 Hz trains of electrical pulses given before and at regular intervals for 60 min after exercise. Results All exercises resulted in a prolonged force depression, which was more marked at 20 Hz than at 100 Hz. Short-lasting (≤2 min) MVC and all-out cycling exercises showed an initial force recovery (peak after ~ 5 min) followed by a secondary force depression. The repeated drop jumps, which involve eccentric contractions, resulted in a stable force depression with the 20 Hz force being markedly more decreased after 100 than 10 jumps. Conclusions In accordance with our hypothesis, the results propose at least three different mechanisms that influence force production after exercise: (1) a transiently recovering process followed by (2) a prolonged force depression after metabolically demanding exercise, and (3) a stable force depression after mechanically demanding contractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albertas Skurvydas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Mamkus
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Dudoniene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Valanciene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Increases in M-wave latency of biceps brachii after elbow flexor eccentric contractions in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:939-46. [PMID: 26994769 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eccentric contractions (ECCs) induce muscle damage that is indicated by prolonged loss of muscle function and delayed onset muscle soreness. It is possible that ECCs affect motor nerves, and this may contribute to the prolonged decreases in force generating capability. The present study investigated the hypothesis that M-wave latency of biceps brachii would be increased after maximal elbow flexor ECCs resulting in prolonged loss of muscle strength. METHODS Fifteen women performed exercise consisting of 60 maximal ECCs of the elbow flexors using their non-dominant arm. M-wave latency was assessed by the time taken from electrical stimulation applied to the Erb's point to the onset of M-wave of the biceps brachii before, immediately after, and 1-4 days after exercise. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque, range of motion (ROM) and muscle soreness using a numerical rating scale were also assessed before and after exercise. RESULTS Prolonged decreases in MVC torque (1-4 days post-exercise: -54 to -15 %) and ROM (1-2 days: -32 to -22 %), and increased muscle soreness (peak: 4.2 out of 10) were evident after exercise (p < 0.05). The M-wave latency increased (p < 0.01) from 5.8 ± 1.0 ms before exercise to 6.5 ± 1.7 ms at 1 day and 7.2 ± 1.5 ms at 2 days after exercise for the exercised arm only. No significant changes in M-wave amplitude were evident after exercise. CONCLUSION The increased M-wave latency did not fully explain the prolonged decreases in MVC torque after eccentric exercise, but may indicate reversible motor nerve impairment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Benton MJ, Waggener GT, Swan PD. Effect of Training Status on Oxygen Consumption in Women After Resistance Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:800-6. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Isner-Horobeti ME, Rasseneur L, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Dufour SP, Doutreleau S, Bouitbir J, Zoll J, Kapchinsky S, Geny B, Daussin FN, Burelle Y, Richard R. Effect of eccentric versus concentric exercise training on mitochondrial function. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:803-11. [PMID: 24639213 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) training on metabolic properties in skeletal muscle is understood poorly. We determined the responses in oxidative capacity and mitochondrial H2 O2 production after eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) training performed at similar mechanical power. METHODS Forty-eight rats performed 5- or 20-day eccentric (ECC) or concentric (CON) training programs. Mitochondrial respiration, H2 O2 production, citrate synthase activity (CS), and skeletal muscle damage were assessed in gastrocnemius (GAS), soleus (SOL) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles. RESULTS Maximal mitochondrial respiration improved only after 20 days of concentric (CON) training in GAS and SOL. H2 O2 production increased specifically after 20 days of eccentric ECC training in VI. Skeletal muscle damage occurred transiently in VI after 5 days of ECC training. CONCLUSIONS Twenty days of ECC versus CON training performed at similar mechanical power output do not increase skeletal muscle oxidative capacities, but it elevates mitochondrial H2 O2 production in VI, presumably linked to transient muscle damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Isner-Horobeti
- Strasbourg University, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Strasbourg University Rehabilitation Institute, France; Strasbourg University, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), EA 3072 "Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire", France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of whole-body periodic acceleration on exercise-induced muscle damage after eccentric exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014; 9:985-92. [PMID: 24662009 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of whole-body periodic acceleration (pGz) on exercise-induced-muscle-damage (EIMD) -related symptoms induced by unaccustomed eccentric arm exercise. METHODS Seventeen active young men (23.4 ± 4.6 y) made 6 visits to the research facility over a 2-wk period. On day 1, subjects performed a 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) elbow-flexion test and were randomly assigned to the pGz (n = 8) or control group (n = 9). Criterion measurements were taken on day 2, before and immediately after performance of the eccentric-exercise protocol (10 sets, 10 repetitions using 120% 1RM) and after the recovery period. During subsequent sessions (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) these data were collected before pGz or passive recovery. Measurements included isometric strength (maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]), blood markers (creatine kinase, myoglobin, IL-6, TNF-α, TBARS, PGF2α, protein carbonyls, uric acid, and nitrites), soreness, pain, circumference, and range of motion (ROM). RESULTS Significantly higher MVC values were seen for pGz throughout the recovery period. Within-group differences were seen in myoglobin, IL-6, IL-10, protein carbonyls, soreness, pain, circumference, and ROM showing small negative responses and rapid recovery for the pGz condition. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that pGz can be an effective tool for the reduction of EIMD and may contribute to the training-adaptation cycle by speeding up the recovery of the body due to its performance-loss-lessening effect.
Collapse
|
14
|
Qi Z, Zhai X, Ding S. How to explain exercise-induced phenotype from molecular data: rethink and reconstruction based on AMPK and mTOR signaling. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:693. [PMID: 24404437 PMCID: PMC3879393 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During endurance and resistance exercise training, AMPK and mTOR signaling were known as selective pathways implicating the differentiation of exercise-induced phenotype in skeletal muscle. Among the previous studies, however, the differences in exercise protocol, the individuality and the genetic heterogeneity within species make it difficult to reach a consistent conclusion in the roles of AMPK and mTOR signaling. In this review, we aim not to reanalyze the previous articles and present the research progress of AMPK and mTOR signaling in exercise, but to propose an abstract general hypothesis for exercise-induced phenotype. Generally, exercise- induced skeletal muscle phenotype is independent of one and a few genes, proteins and signaling pathways. Convergent adaptation will better summarize the specificity of skeletal muscle phenotype in response to a single mode of exercise. Backward adaptation will open a new concept to illustrate the process of exercise-induced adaptation, such as mitochondrial quality control and muscle mass homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China ; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China ; College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sloboda DD, Brooks SV. Reactive oxygen species generation is not different during isometric and lengthening contractions of mouse muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R832-9. [PMID: 23948772 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00299.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can be injured by lengthening contractions, when the muscles are stretched while activated. Lengthening contractions produce structural damage that leads to the degeneration and regeneration of damaged muscle fibers by mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated at the time of injury may initiate degenerative or regenerative processes. In the present study we hypothesized that lengthening contractions that damage the muscle would generate more ROS than isometric contractions that do not cause damage. To test our hypothesis, we subjected muscles of mice to lengthening contractions or isometric contractions and simultaneously monitored intracellular ROS generation with the fluorescent indicator 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CM-DCFH), which is oxidized by ROS to form the fluorescent product CM-DCF. We found that CM-DCF fluorescence was not different during or shortly after lengthening contractions compared with isometric controls, regardless of the amount of stretch and damage that occurred during the lengthening contractions. The only exception was that after severe stretches, the increase in CM-DCF fluorescence was impaired. We conclude that lengthening contractions that damage the muscle do not generate more ROS than isometric contractions that do not cause damage. The implication is that ROS generated at the time of injury are not the initiating signals for subsequent degenerative or regenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcée D Sloboda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cicchillitti L, Di Stefano V, Isaia E, Crimaldi L, Fasanaro P, Ambrosino V, Antonini A, Capogrossi MC, Gaetano C, Piaggio G, Martelli F. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α induces miR-210 in normoxic differentiating myoblasts. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44761-71. [PMID: 23148210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.421255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) induction is a virtually constant feature of the hypoxic response in both normal and transformed cells, regulating several key aspects of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We found that miR-210 was induced in normoxic myoblasts upon myogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. miR-210 transcription was activated in an hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (Hif1a)-dependent manner, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that Hif1a bound to the miR-210 promoter only in differentiated myotubes. Accordingly, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated the functional relevance of the Hif1a binding site for miR-210 promoter activation in differentiating myoblasts. To investigate the functional relevance of increased miR-210 levels in differentiated myofibers, we blocked miR-210 with complementary locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides (anti-miR-210). We found that C2C12 myoblast cell line differentiation was largely unaffected by anti-miR-210. Likewise, miR-210 inhibition did not affect skeletal muscle regeneration following cardiotoxin damage. However, we found that miR-210 blockade greatly increased myotube sensitivity to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, miR-210 is induced in normoxic myofibers, playing a cytoprotective role.
Collapse
|
17
|
Howard AC, McNeil AK, McNeil PL. Promotion of plasma membrane repair by vitamin E. Nat Commun 2011; 2:597. [PMID: 22186893 PMCID: PMC3247818 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe vitamin E deficiency results in lethal myopathy in animal models. Membrane repair is an important myocyte response to plasma membrane disruption injury as when repair fails, myocytes die and muscular dystrophy ensues. Here we show that supplementation of cultured cells with α-tocopherol, the most common form of vitamin E, promotes plasma membrane repair. Conversely, in the absence of α-tocopherol supplementation, exposure of cultured cells to an oxidant challenge strikingly inhibits repair. Comparative measurements reveal that, to promote repair, an anti-oxidant must associate with membranes, as α-tocopherol does, or be capable of α-tocopherol regeneration. Finally, we show that myocytes in intact muscle cannot repair membranes when exposed to an oxidant challenge, but show enhanced repair when supplemented with vitamin E. Our work suggests a novel biological function for vitamin E in promoting myocyte plasma membrane repair. We propose that this function is essential for maintenance of skeletal muscle homeostasis. Membrane repair of myocytes is important to prevent such disease as muscular dystrophy but the properties of this repair are not well characterised. In this study, vitamin E is shown to be important in the repair of myocyte cell membranes in cultured cells and in intact muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber C Howard
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sudo M, Kano Y. Myofiber apoptosis occurs in the inflammation and regeneration phase following eccentric contractions in rats. J Physiol Sci 2009; 59:405-12. [PMID: 19636670 PMCID: PMC10717303 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Eccentric contractions (ECC) induce myofibrillar collapse, edema, and inflammation in muscle cells. Although apoptosis of myonuclei following ECC is activated during the inflammatory phase, the apoptosis response of the regenerative phase remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine the inflammatory and regenerative phase of the apoptosis responses induced by ECC. In anesthetized rats, the tibialis anterior muscles were subjected to ECC repeated 40 times, evoked by surface electric stimulation (100 Hz, 10 V) with mechanical muscle stretch. Apoptosis was examined in the control group and in groups 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after ECC (each group, n = 4-6). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive myonuclei were assessed by further labeling with dystrophin staining and DAPI. The expression of proteins related to apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bax) was examined by Western blot assay. At 1 and 3 days, focal edema and necrotic myofibers invaded by mononuclear phagocytes were present, whereas regenerated myofibers with central nuclei were detected at 7 and 14 days. The occurrence of TUNEL-positive myonuclei increased significantly at 7 (7.0 +/- 1.5%) and 14 days (5.6 +/- 0.6%) compared with control (0.9 +/- 0.5%). Further we found that myonuclear apoptosis was restricted to the subsarcolemmal space at 7 and 14 days and markedly absent from the central nucleus. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly higher at 3 (4.5 +/- 0.9) and 7 days (3.4 +/- 0.5) after ECC. In conclusion, myofiber apoptotic responses following ECC are present not only in the inflammatory phase but also persist during the regenerative phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sudo
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585 Japan
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reducing exercise-induced muscular injury in kendo athletes with supplementation of coenzyme Q10. Br J Nutr 2008; 100:903-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508926544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intensive physical exercise may cause muscular injury and increase oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an antioxidant, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), on muscular injury and oxidative stress during exercise training. Eighteen male students, all elite Japanese kendo athletes, were randomly assigned to either a CoQ10 group (n 10) or a placebo group (n 8) in a double-blind manner. Subjects in the CoQ10 group took 300 mg CoQ10 per d for 20 d, while subjects in the placebo group took the same dosage of a placebo. All subjects practised kendo 5·5 h per d for 6 d during the experimental period. Blood samples were taken 2 weeks before, during (1 d, 3 d, 5 d) and 1 week after the training. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and myoglobin (Mb) concentration significantly increased in both groups (at 3 d and 5 d). Serum CK (at 3 d), Mb (at 3 d) and lipid peroxide (at 3 d and 5 d) of the CoQ10 group were lower than those of the placebo group. The leucocyte counts in the placebo group significantly increased (at 3 d) and neutrophils significantly increased in both groups (at 3 d and 5 d). Serum scavenging activity against superoxide anion did not change in either group. These results indicate that CoQ10 supplementation reduced exercise-induced muscular injury in athletes.
Collapse
|