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Sasaki S, Negishi T, Tsuzuki T, Yukawa K. Methylmercury-induced reactive oxygen species-dependent and independent dysregulation of MAP kinase-related signaling pathway in cultured normal rat cerebellar astrocytes. Toxicology 2023; 487:153463. [PMID: 36813253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), a global environmental pollutant, could seriously damage the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurological disorders such as cerebellar symptoms. Although numerous studies have revealed detailed toxicity mechanisms of MeHg in neurons, toxicity in astrocytes is barely known. Here, we tried to shed light on the toxicity mechanisms of MeHg exposure in cultured normal rat cerebellar astrocytes (NRA), focusing on the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MeHg toxicity by assessing the effects of major antioxidants Trolox, a free-radical scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a potent thiol-containing antioxidant, and glutathione (GSH), an endogenous thiol-containing antioxidant. Exposure to MeHg at just approximately 2 µM for 96 h increased cell viability, which was accompanied by the increase in intracellular ROS level and at ≥ 5 µM induced significant cell death and lowered ROS level. Trolox and NAC suppressed 2 µM MeHg-induced increases in cell viability and ROS level corresponding to control, although GSH with 2 µM MeHg induced significant cell death and ROS increase. On the contrary, against 4 µM MeHg-induced cell loss and ROS decrease, NAC inhibited both cell loss and ROS decrease, Trolox inhibited cell loss and further enhanced ROS decrease, and GSH moderately inhibited cell loss and increased ROS level above the control level. MeHg-induced oxidative stress was suggested by increases in the protein expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Hsp70, and Nrf2, except for the decrease in SOD-1 and no change in catalase. Furthermore, MeHg exposure dose-dependently induced increases in the phosphorylation of MAP kinases (ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and SAPK/JNK) and phosphorylation and/or expression levels of transcription factors (CREB, c-Jun, and c-Fos) in NRA. NAC successfully suppressed 2 µM MeHg-induced alterations in all of the above-mentioned MeHg-responsive factors, whereas Trolox suppressed some MeHg-responsive factors but failed to suppress MeHg-induced increases in the protein expression levels of HO-1 and Hsp70 and increase in p38MAPK phosphorylation. Protein expression analyses in NRA exposed to 2 µM MeHg and GSH were excluded because of devastating cell death. These results suggested that MeHg could induce aberrant NRA activation, and ROS must be substantially involved in the toxicity mechanism of MeHg in NRA; however, other factors should be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoto Sasaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Takayuki Negishi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 468-8503, Japan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yukawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 468-8503, Japan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
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2
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Erdogan MA, Yuca E, Ashour A, Gurbuz N, Sencan S, Ozpolat B. SCN5A promotes the growth and lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer through EF2-kinase signaling. Life Sci 2023; 313:121282. [PMID: 36526045 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yuca
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nilgun Gurbuz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sevide Sencan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Nanomedicine, Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Dr. Marr and Roy Neil Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Yan Z, Wang D, Cai J, Shen L, Jiang M, Liu X, Huang J, Zhang Y, Luo E, Jing D. High-specificity protection against radiation-induced bone loss by a pulsed electromagnetic field. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0222. [PMID: 36001662 PMCID: PMC9401628 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy increases tumor cure and survival rates; however, radiotherapy-induced bone damage remains a common issue for which effective countermeasures are lacking, especially considering tumor recurrence risks. We report a high-specificity protection technique based on noninvasive electromagnetic field (EMF). A unique pulsed-burst EMF (PEMF) at 15 Hz and 2 mT induces notable Ca2+ oscillations with robust Ca2+ spikes in osteoblasts in contrast to other waveforms. This waveform parameter substantially inhibits radiotherapy-induced bone loss by specifically modulating osteoblasts without affecting other bone cell types or tumor cells. Mechanistically, primary cilia are identified as major PEMF sensors in osteoblasts, and the differentiated ciliary expression dominates distinct PEMF sensitivity between osteoblasts and tumor cells. PEMF-induced unique Ca2+ oscillations depend on interactions between ciliary polycystins-1/2 and endoplasmic reticulum, which activates the Ras/MAPK/AP-1 axis and subsequent DNA repair Ku70 transcription. Our study introduces a previously unidentified method against radiation-induced bone damage in a noninvasive, cost-effective, and highly specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Maogang Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care of Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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Fang X, Duan SF, Hu ZY, Wang JJ, Qiu L, Wang F, Chen XL. Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Protects Against Sepsis Serum Mediated Leukocyte Adhesion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814890. [PMID: 35145983 PMCID: PMC8821815 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Leukocyte adhesion to vascular and matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) expression is increased in sepsis and associated with poor prognosis in sepsis patients. This study aimed to investigate the role of MMP8 in sepsis serum mediated leukocyte adhesion. Methods Bioinformatics analysis of GSE64457 and GSE65682 was performed to evaluate the role of MMP8 in the progression of sepsis. Expression of MMP8 in blood samples from patients with sepsis was detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with sepsis serum, control serum, and MMP8 inhibitor. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The protein expression of total p38, phosphorylated-p38, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 was detected by Western blotting. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were incubated with the treated HUVECs to calculate leukocyte adhesion. Results Four hundred and twenty-nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and seven hub genes between sepsis patients and healthy controls were identified. GO function analysis of DEGs and hub genes indicated that the DEGs and hub genes were mainly enriched in neutrophil activation. MMP8 was selected as a key gene with an unfavorable prognosis in sepsis patients. The mRNA and protein expression of MMP8 in blood from sepsis patients were significantly higher than controls. Leukocyte adhesion and mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were significantly increased in the sepsis serum group compared to that in the control group, as was the protein expression of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2. However, the MMP8 inhibitor suppressed the leukocyte adhesion promoted by sepsis serum by decreasing the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p-p38, and p-ERK1/2. Conclusion Our study indicated that MMP8 acts as a key gene in the development of sepsis, and sepsis serum promotes leukocyte adhesion to HUVECs via MMP8, which suggest that MMP8 might be a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Sharif SB, Zamani N, Chadwick BP. BAZ1B the Protean Protein. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101541. [PMID: 34680936 PMCID: PMC8536118 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain adjacent to the zinc finger domain 1B (BAZ1B) or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) are just two of the names referring the same protein that is encoded by the WBSCR9 gene and is among the 26-28 genes that are lost from one copy of 7q11.23 in Williams syndrome (WS: OMIM 194050). Patients afflicted by this contiguous gene deletion disorder present with a range of symptoms including cardiovascular complications, developmental defects as well as a characteristic cognitive and behavioral profile. Studies in patients with atypical deletions and mouse models support BAZ1B hemizygosity as a contributing factor to some of the phenotypes. Focused analysis on BAZ1B has revealed this to be a versatile nuclear protein with a central role in chromatin remodeling through two distinct complexes as well as being involved in the replication and repair of DNA, transcriptional processes involving RNA Polymerases I, II, and III as well as possessing kinase activity. Here, we provide a comprehensive review to summarize the many aspects of BAZ1B function including its recent link to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Behrouz Sharif
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Nina Zamani
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Brian P. Chadwick
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Qu H, Zhang Y, He R, Lin N, Wang C. Anethole inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by downregulating ERK/AKT signaling and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108113. [PMID: 34530203 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic population health hazard systemic metabolic disease caused by excessive bone resorption and reduced bone formation. The activity between osteoblast and osteoclast, with their mutual effects, influence the procedure of normal bone remodeling. Over-activated osteoclast differentiation and function play a crucial role in excessive bone resorption. Hence, therapy strategies targeting osteoclast activity may promote the bone mass preservation and delay the osteoporosis process. Natural compound (anethole) is emerging as potential therapeutics for various metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of anethole on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and function in vitro and in vivo. Here, in vitro TRAP staining assay was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of anethole on osteoclast differentiation. Bone pits resorption assay revealed that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was inhibited by anethole. At mRNA and protein levels, anethole significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific genes expression in a concentration- or time-dependent manner, including NFATc1, MMP-9, DC-STAMP, c-F, TRAP, CTR, Cathepsin K, and V-ATPase d2. Furthermore, intracellular signaling transduction assay indicated that anethole inhibited osteoclast formation via blocking ERK and AKT signaling. GSK3β, the downstream signal of AKT, is simultaneously suppressed with anethole treatment. Based on ovariectomized (OVX) mice model, micro-CT and histological staining results suggested that anethole prevented estrogen deficiency-induced bone mass loss and increased osteoclast activity in vivo. In conclusion, our results show significant indications that anethole exhibits an osteoprotective effect and may be potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yuankang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, XinJian District People's Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Rongxin He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Nong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Phosphorylation of intestine-specific homeobox by ERK1 modulates oncogenic activity and sorafenib resistance. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:160-171. [PMID: 34265398 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear translocation regulated by phosphorylation is a key step in providing activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) access to their nuclear targets; however, the mechanisms linking MAPK-induced nuclear translocation and target gene expression mediating oncologic activity remain obscure. Here, we show that the MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1, but not ERK2, phosphorylated intestine-specific homeobox (ISX), leading to its nuclear translocation and downstream oncogenic signaling. Mechanistically, ERK1 phosphorylated serine 183 of ISX, facilitating its nuclear translocation and downstream target gene expression. In contrast, dominant-negative ERK1 expression in hepatoma cells inhibited the nuclear translocation of ISX and the expression of downstream genes involved in cell proliferation, malignant transformation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. An activating mutation in ISX (S183D) exhibited a constitutive nuclear localization and resistance to sorafenib. Additionally, in 576 paired clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples and adjacent normal tissues, ERK1 and ISX were co-expressed in a tumor-specific manner at mRNA and protein levels, while their mRNA levels showed significant correlation with survival duration, tumor size, number, and stage. These results highlight the significance of ERK1/ISX signaling in HCC progression and its potential as a prognostic and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Sun G, Shvab A, Leclerc GJ, Li B, Beckedorff F, Shiekhattar R, Barredo JC. Protein Kinase D-Dependent Downregulation of Immediate Early Genes through Class IIA Histone Deacetylases in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1296-1307. [PMID: 33980612 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children and adolescents, and cure rates for relapsed/refractory ALL remain dismal, highlighting the need for novel targeted therapies. To identify genome-wide metabolic-stress regulated genes, we used RNA-sequencing in ALL cells treated with AICAR, an AMPK activator. RNA-sequencing identified the immediate early genes (IEGs) as a subset of genes downregulated by AICAR. We show that AICAR-induced IEGs downregulation was blocked by an adenosine uptake inhibitor indicating AICAR was responsible for IEGs reprogramming. Using pharmacologic and genetic models we established this mechanism was AMPK-independent. Further investigations using kinase assays, PKD/PKC inhibitors and rescue experiments, demonstrated that AICAR directly inhibited PKD kinase activity and identified PKD as responsible for IEGs downregulation. Mechanistically, PKD inhibition suppressed phosphorylation and nuclear export of class IIa HDACs, which lowered histone H3 acetylation and decreased NFκB(p65) recruitment to IEGs promoters. Finally, PKD inhibition induced apoptosis via DUSP1/DUSP6 downregulation eliciting a DNA damage response. More importantly, ALL patient cells exhibited the same PKD-HDACs-IEGs-mediated mechanism. As proof of principle of the therapeutic potential of targeting PKD, we established the in vivo relevance of our findings using an NSG ALL mouse model. In conclusion, we identified a previously unreported PKD-dependent survival mechanism in response to AICAR-induced cellular stress in ALL through regulation of DUSPs and IEGs' expression. IMPLICATIONS: PKD mediates early transcriptional responses in ALL cells as an adaptive survival mechanism to overcome cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Anna Shvab
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Guy J Leclerc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bin Li
- Stemsynergy Therapeutics, Inc, Miami, Florida
| | - Felipe Beckedorff
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Julio C Barredo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Clairefond S, Ouellet V, Péant B, Barrès V, Karakiewicz PI, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F. Expression of ERBB Family Members as Predictive Markers of Prostate Cancer Progression and Mortality. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1688. [PMID: 33918389 PMCID: PMC8038288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4 are growth receptors of the ERBB family implicated in the development of epithelial cancers. Studies have suggested a role for EGFR and ERBB3 in the development of prostate cancer (PC), while the involvement of ERBB2 and ERBB4 remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the expression of all members of the ERBB family in PC tissue from a large cohort and determined their contribution, alone or in combination, as prognostic markers. METHODS Using immunofluorescence coupled with digital image analyses, we quantified the expression of EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4 on radical prostatectomy specimens (n = 285) arrayed on six tissue microarrays. By combining EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB3 protein expression in a decision tree model, we identified an association with biochemical recurrence (log rank = 25.295, p < 0.001), development of bone metastases (log rank = 23.228, p < 0.001), and cancer-specific mortality (log rank = 24.586, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that specific protein expression patterns of ERBB family members are associated with an increased risk of PC progression and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Clairefond
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.C.); (V.O.); (B.P.); (V.B.); (P.I.K.); (A.-M.M.-M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Véronique Ouellet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.C.); (V.O.); (B.P.); (V.B.); (P.I.K.); (A.-M.M.-M.)
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.C.); (V.O.); (B.P.); (V.B.); (P.I.K.); (A.-M.M.-M.)
| | - Véronique Barrès
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.C.); (V.O.); (B.P.); (V.B.); (P.I.K.); (A.-M.M.-M.)
| | - Pierre I. Karakiewicz
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.C.); (V.O.); (B.P.); (V.B.); (P.I.K.); (A.-M.M.-M.)
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.C.); (V.O.); (B.P.); (V.B.); (P.I.K.); (A.-M.M.-M.)
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.C.); (V.O.); (B.P.); (V.B.); (P.I.K.); (A.-M.M.-M.)
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Fan J, Liu S, Ai Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Li X, Xiao S, Wang Y. Fermented ginseng attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by activating the TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway and remediating gut barrier. Food Funct 2021; 12:852-861. [PMID: 33404578 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02404j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Generally, ginsenosides have the physiological effect of an anti-inflammatory immunity. After fermentation, the types of ginsenosides in ginseng change, and their physiological activity becomes a concern. L. plantarum KP-4 screened from Korean kimchi were used to ferment ginseng, and the changes of ginsenosides were observed. C57BL/6N mice were treated using fermented ginseng (390 mg kg-1 day-1), which was mixed with normal food, and an inflammatory mice model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2.5 mg per kg body weight) four weeks later. The liver index, pathological index, biochemical index, and inflammatory signaling pathway were determined. The results demonstrated that L. plantarum KP-4 fermentation increased the content of minor ginsenosides in ginseng and decreased the content of major ginsenosides. Fermented ginseng significantly reduced LPS-induced increases in ALT, AST, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in mice. Supplementation with fermented ginseng significantly ameliorated LPS-induced overexpression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), caspase3, phosphorylation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) compared with the control group. Moreover, fermented ginseng significantly increased the expression of claudin 1, the intestinal tight junction protein, caused by LPS. In conclusion, fermented ginseng alleviates LPS-induced inflammation through the TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway and increased intestinal barrier function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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12
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Asokan S, Bandapalli OR. CXCL8 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:25-39. [PMID: 34286439 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment represents a dynamic and complex cellular network involving intricate communications between the tumor and highly heterogeneous groups of cells, including tumor-supporting immune and inflammatory cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages, adipose cells, and pericytes. Associated with a variety of growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, and other signaling molecules, the interaction between the tumor microenvironment and the tumor cells empowers aggressiveness of tumor by enhancing its survivability. CXCL8 (also known as Interleukin 8), a multifunctional proinflammatory chemokine that was initially classified as a neutrophil chemoattractant, recently has been found to be a key contributor in tumorigenesis. The upregulation of CXCL8 at the tumor invasion front in several human cancers suggests its interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment rendering tumor progression by enhancing angiogenesis, tumor genetic diversity, survival, proliferation, immune escape, metastasis, and multidrug resistance. The autocrine and paracrine modulation of CXCL8 via the chemokine receptors CXCR1/2 promotes several intracellular signaling cascades that fosters tumor-associated inflammation, reprogramming, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and neovascularization. Hence, decrypting the regulatory/signaling cascades of CXCL8 and its downstream effects may harbor prognostic clinical prospects of a tumor microenvironment-oriented cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Asokan
- Heidelberg University, Molecular Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Liu Y, Liang Y, Yang C, Shi R, Lu W, Wang X, Wang R, Xia Q, Ma S. A deep insight into the transcriptome of midgut and fat body reveals the toxic mechanism of fluoride exposure in silkworm. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127891. [PMID: 32799150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride generally exists in the natural environment, and has been reported to induce serious environmental hazard to animals, plants, and even humans via ecological cycle. Silkworm, Bombyx mori, which showed significant growth and reproductivity reduction when exposed to fluoride, has become a model to evaluate the toxicity of fluoride. However, the detailed mechanism underlying fluoride toxicity and corresponding transport proteins remain unclear. In this study, we performed RNA-seq of the larval midgut and fat body with fluoride exposure and normal treatment. Differential analysis showed that there were 4405 differentially expressed genes in fat body and 4430 DEGs in midgut with fluoride stress. By Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, we identified several key pathways involved in the fluoride exposure and poisoning. We focused on the oxidative phosphorylation and MAPK signal pathway. QRT-PCR confirmed that oxidative phosphorylation process was remarkably inhibited by fluoride exposure and resulted in the blocking of ATP synthesis. The MAPK signal pathway was stimulated via phosphorylation signal transduction. Moreover, by protein structure analysis combined with the DEGs, we screen 36 potential membrane proteins which might take part in transporting fluoride. Taken together, the results of our study expanded the underlying mechanisms of fluoride poisoning on silkworm larval growth and development, and implied potential fluoride transport proteins in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; School of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Run Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Sanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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14
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Hou XF, Zhou BQ, Zhou YF, Apata CO, Jiang L, Pei QM. Noisy signal propagation and amplification in phenotypic transition cascade of colonic cells. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:062411. [PMID: 33466057 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Like genes and proteins, cells can use biochemical networks to sense and process information. The differentiation of the cell state in colonic crypts forms a typical unidirectional phenotypic transitional cascade, in which stem cells differentiate into the transit-amplifying cells (TACs), and TACs continue to differentiate into fully differentiated cells. In order to quantitatively describe the relationship between the noise of each compartment and the amplification of signals, the gain factor is introduced, and the gain-fluctuation relation is obtained by using the linear noise approximation of the master equation. Through the simulation of these theoretical formulas, the characters of noise propagation and amplification are studied. It is found that the transmitted noise is an important part of the total noise in each downstream cell. Therefore, a small number of downstream cells can only cause its small inherent noise, but the total noise may be very large due to the transmitted noise. The influence of the transmitted noise may be the indirect cause of colon cancer. In addition, the total noise of the downstream cells always has a minimum value. As long as a reasonable value of the gain factor is selected, the number of cells in colonic crypts will be controlled within the normal range. This may be a good method to intervene the uncontrollable growth of tumor cells and effectively control the deterioration of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fen Hou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Bin-Qian Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Charles Omotomide Apata
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Qi-Ming Pei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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15
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Kerr J. Early Growth Response Gene Upregulation in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Associated Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111484. [PMID: 33114612 PMCID: PMC7692278 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic multisystem disease exhibiting a variety of symptoms and affecting multiple systems. Psychological stress and virus infection are important. Virus infection may trigger the onset, and psychological stress may reactivate latent viruses, for example, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It has recently been reported that EBV induced gene 2 (EBI2) was upregulated in blood in a subset of ME/CFS patients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pattern of expression of early growth response (EGR) genes, important in EBV infection and which have also been found to be upregulated in blood of ME/CFS patients, paralleled that of EBI2. EGR gene upregulation was found to be closely associated with that of EBI2 in ME/CFS, providing further evidence in support of ongoing EBV reactivation in a subset of ME/CFS patients. EGR1, EGR2, and EGR3 are part of the cellular immediate early gene response and are important in EBV transcription, reactivation, and B lymphocyte transformation. EGR1 is a regulator of immune function, and is important in vascular homeostasis, psychological stress, connective tissue disease, mitochondrial function, all of which are relevant to ME/CFS. EGR2 and EGR3 are negative regulators of T lymphocytes and are important in systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kerr
- Department of Microbiology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital (NNUH), Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UY, UK
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16
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Baron M, Tagore M, Hunter MV, Kim IS, Moncada R, Yan Y, Campbell NR, White RM, Yanai I. The Stress-Like Cancer Cell State Is a Consistent Component of Tumorigenesis. Cell Syst 2020; 11:536-546.e7. [PMID: 32910905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling of tumors has revealed a stress-like state among the cancer cells with the concerted expression of genes such as fos, jun, and heat-shock proteins, though this has been controversial given possible dissociation-effects associated with single-cell RNA sequencing. Here, we validate the existence of this state using a combination of zebrafish melanoma modeling, spatial transcriptomics, and human samples. We found that the stress-like subpopulation of cancer cells is present from the early stages of tumorigenesis. Comparing with previously reported single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from diverse cancer types, including triple-negative breast cancer, oligodendroglioma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, indicated the conservation of this state during tumorigenesis. We also provide evidence that this state has higher tumor-seeding capabilities and that its induction leads to increased growth under both MEK and BRAF inhibitors. Collectively, our study supports the stress-like cells as a cancer cell state expressing a coherent set of genes and exhibiting drug-resistance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Baron
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohita Tagore
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miranda V Hunter
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabella S Kim
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reuben Moncada
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun Yan
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Campbell
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Itai Yanai
- Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Elk-1 transcriptionally regulates ZC3H4 expression to promote silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Transl Med 2020; 100:959-973. [PMID: 32218530 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is a key priming activity of fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis during silicosis. Ets-like protein-1 (Elk-1) is a critical modulator that promotes functional changes in cells, and the effects are mediated by oxidative stress (OS). However, whether ELK-1 is involved in EMT of silicosis remains unclear. In addition, researchers have found that Elk-1 is involved in the expression of the gene zc3h12a, which encodes the protein MCPIP1, and MCPIP1 is a member of the zinc finger Cys-Cys-Cys-His (CCCH)-type protein family. A previous study from our lab showed that ZC3H4, which is also a member of the CCCH-type protein family, critically affected the regulation of EMT during silicosis. However, it has not yet been elucidated if ELK-1 acts at the promoter for zc3h4 to increase its expression in a mechanism that is similar to that of the zc3h12a gene and whether such regulation ultimately controls EMT. Therefore, we explored the correlation between ELK-1 and ZC3H4 expression and tested the underlying mechanisms affecting ELK-1 activation induced by silica. Our study identifies that SiO2-mediated EMT via ELK-1, with the upstream activity of OS and the downstream signaling of ZC3H4 expression resulting in enhanced EMT. These findings suggest that the nuclear transcription factor ELK-1 may be useful as a novel target for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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18
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Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Promjantuek W, Rujanapun N, Heebkaew N, Soraksa N, Noisa P. Transcriptomic Profiling of 3D Glioblastoma Tumoroids for the Identification of Mechanisms Involved in Anticancer Drug Resistance. In Vivo 2020; 34:199-211. [PMID: 31882480 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Among various types of brain tumors, glioblastoma is the most malignant and highly aggressive brain tumor that possesses a high resistance against anticancer drugs. To understand the underlined mechanisms of tumor drug resistance, a new and more effective research approach is required. The three dimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture models could be a potential approach to study cancer features and biology, as well as screen for anti-cancer agents due to the close mimicry of the 3D tumor microenvironments. MATERIALS AND METHODS With our developed 3D alginate scaffolds, Ilumina RNA-sequencing was used to transcriptomically analyze and compare the gene expression profiles between glioblastoma cells in traditional 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer and in 3D Ca-alginate scaffolds at day 14. To verify the reliability and accuracy of Illumina RNA-Sequencing data, ATP-binding cassette transporter genes were chosen for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) verification. RESULTS The results showed that 7,411 and 3,915 genes of the 3D glioblastoma were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, compared with the 2D-cultured glioblastoma. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that genes related to the cell cycle and DNA replication were enriched in the group of down-regulated gene. On the other hand, the genes involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, autophagy, drug metabolism through cytochrome P450, and ATP-binding cassette transporter were found in the up-regulated gene collection. CONCLUSION 3D glioblastoma tumoroids might potentially serve as a powerful platform for exploring glioblastoma biology. They can also be valuable in anti-glioblastoma drug screening, as well as the identification of novel molecular targets in clinical treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Promjantuek
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Narawadee Rujanapun
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nudjanad Heebkaew
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Natchadaporn Soraksa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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19
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Yang C, Luo J, Luo X, Jia W, Fang Z, Yi S, Li L. Morusin exerts anti-cancer activity in renal cell carcinoma by disturbing MAPK signaling pathways. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:327. [PMID: 32355771 PMCID: PMC7186639 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has gradually become a severe type of kidney malignant tumor, which warrants an urgent need for highly efficacious therapeutic agents. Morusin, a typical prenylated flavonoid, has been revealed to possess anticarcinogenic effects against several cancers by inhibiting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Methods Cells proliferation was examined by CCK-8. Migration assays were performed using a 24-well transwell chamber. Apoptotic cells were detected using the Annexin V PE/7-AAD apoptosis detection kit. Cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. Western blotting and quantitative real time (qRT) PCR were used to exam the change of target gene in mRNA and protein level. Nude mouse xenograft experiments were performed to identify vivo function of morusin. Results Here, we evaluated the effect of morusin against RCC. We treated three RCC cell lines, 769-P, 786-O, and OSRC-2, with morusin to study its effects on cell growth, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle and cancer-related pathways. Additionally, we assessed the effects of morusin on tumor growth using a nude mouse model. Morusin could inhibit cell growth and migration, induce cell apoptosis and downregulate apoptosis-related proteins, and disturb the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Additionally, morusin could suppress RCC tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways were found to be involved in morusin-induced anti-cancer activity. P-p38 and P-JNK levels were up-regulated by morusin, while the ERK phosphorylation level was down-regulated. Conclusions Our results show that morusin could inhibit the growth of RCC cells in vitro and in vivo through MAPK signal pathways. Thus, morusin could be a potential anti-cancer agent for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Weisheng Jia
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhenqiang Fang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shanhong Yi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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20
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Javaid N, Choi S. Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E297. [PMID: 32012718 PMCID: PMC7072551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
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21
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Li J, Liu X, Wang W, Li C, Li X. MSK1 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in uveal melanoma by phosphorylating CREB. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1176-1188. [PMID: 32864007 PMCID: PMC7444723 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uveal melanoma is known as a frequent intraocular tumor, with high metastasis and poor prognosis. Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that has been reported to be associated with tumor progression in several types of human cancer. However, the role of MSK1 has rarely been studied in uveal melanoma and the underlying mechanism remained unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression level of MSK1 in human uveal melanoma tissues and normal uveal tissues was determined by qRT-PCR analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Subsequently, MTT assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry assay were performed to assess the effects of MSK1 on cell proliferation. Wound-healing and transwell chamber assays were adopted to clarify the role of MSK1 in cell metastasis. Finally, the function of MSK1 was confirmed in vivo in a tumor-bearing mouse model. RESULTS The expression levels of MSK1 and p-cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) were strongly up-regulated in human uveal melanoma tissues. MSK1 overexpression facilitated cell viability and clone formation, and promoted migration and invasion of uveal melanoma cells. However, mutation of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) at Ser133 residues reversed the effect of MSK1 on uveal melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis. The in vivo experiment suggested that the tumor weight was lower and the tumor mass grew more slowly in the shMSK1 group as compared to the shNC group. CONCLUSIONS MSK1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of uveal melanoma cells by phosphorylated CREB at Ser133 residues. Therefore, MSK1 could be a promising candidate for uveal melanoma therapy and especially has tremendous potential in the treatment of cancers in which the MSK1-CREB pathway is abnormally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai' an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai' an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai' an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaopeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai' an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai' an, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Miao LJ, Yan S, Zhuang QF, Mao QY, Xue D, He XZ, Chen JP. miR-106b promotes proliferation and invasion by targeting Capicua through MAPK signaling in renal carcinoma cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3595-3607. [PMID: 31190862 PMCID: PMC6525582 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s184674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: miR-106b has been reported to play a vital role in pathogenesis of some types of cancer, whilst the role of miR-106b in renal carcinoma cancer (RCC) remains unknown. Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the mechanism of miR-106b regulating the progression of renal carcinoma. Method: The expression of miR-106b was analyzed in RCC cell lines, RCC and adjacent normal renal tissues through qRT-PCR assays. Target mRNA of miR-106b was predicted with databases and verified by luciferase reporter assays. And the effects of miR-106b or targeted mRNA on cell proliferation, invasion, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) were assessed in vitrothrough CCK-8, transwell cell invasion assays, qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays respectively. In addition, the effects of miR-106b on the growth of xenografts mice were analyzedin vivo. Results: The results demonstrated that miR-106b was significantly increased both in RCC tissues and cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-106b inhibited Capicua expression by targeting its 3'-UTR sequence. And miR-106b promoted cell proliferation, invasion, EMT progression in RCC cellin vitro, as well as promoted the tumor growth of 786-O cells derived xenografts mice. Additionally, loss of Capicua promoted the activation of MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion: The study suggested that miR-106b regulated RCC progression through MAPK signaling pathway partly by targeting Capicua, which might provide valuable evidence for therapeutic target development of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Jie Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213161, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213161, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Feng Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213161, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yan Mao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213161, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213161, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213161, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213161, People's Republic of China
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23
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Wu TH, Shi L, Lowe AW, Nicolls MR, Kao PN. Inducible expression of immediate early genes is regulated through dynamic chromatin association by NF45/ILF2 and NF90/NF110/ILF3. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216042. [PMID: 31022259 PMCID: PMC6483252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediate early gene (IEG) transcription is rapidly activated by diverse stimuli. This transcriptional regulation is assumed to involve constitutively expressed nuclear factors that are targets of signaling cascades initiated at the cell membrane. NF45 (encoded by ILF2) and its heterodimeric partner NF90/NF110 (encoded by ILF3) are chromatin-interacting proteins that are constitutively expressed and localized predominantly in the nucleus. Previously, NF90/NF110 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in K562 erythroleukemia cells revealed its enriched association with chromatin at active promoters and strong enhancers. NF90/NF110 specifically occupied the promoters of IEGs. Here, ChIP in serum-starved HEK293 cells demonstrated that NF45 and NF90/NF110 pre-exist and specifically occupy the promoters of IEG transcription factors EGR1, FOS and JUN. Cellular stimulation with phorbol myristyl acetate increased NF90/NF110 chromatin association, while decreasing NF45 chromatin association at promoters of EGR1, FOS and JUN. In HEK293 cells stably transfected with doxycycline-inducible shRNA vectors targeting NF90/NF110 or NF45, doxycycline-mediated knockdown of NF90/NF110 or NF45 attenuated the inducible expression of EGR1, FOS, and JUN at the levels of transcription, RNA and protein. Dynamic chromatin association of NF45 and NF90/NF110 at IEG promoters are observed upon stimulation, and NF45 and NF90/NF110 contribute to inducible transcription of IEGs. NF45 and NF90/NF110 operate as chromatin regulators of the immediate early response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Biomedical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lingfang Shi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anson W. Lowe
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Kao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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The Modulatory Role of MicroRNA-873 in the Progression of KRAS-Driven Cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:301-317. [PMID: 30654191 PMCID: PMC6348737 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated proto-oncogenes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and aberrantly activated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A profound role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of human cancer is being uncovered, including in cancer therapy. Using in silico prediction algorithms, we identified miR-873 as a potential regulator of KRAS, and we investigated its role in PDAC and TNBC. We found that reduced miR-873 expression is associated with shorter patient survival in both cancers. miR-873 expression is significantly repressed in PDAC and TNBC cell lines and inversely correlated with KRAS levels. We demonstrate that miR-873 directly bound to the 3′ UTR of KRAS mRNA and suppressed its expression. Notably, restoring miR-873 expression induced apoptosis; recapitulated the effects of KRAS inhibition on cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion; and suppressed the activity of ERK and PI3K/AKT, while overexpression of KRAS rescued the effects mediated by miR-873. Moreover, in vivo delivery of miR-873 nanoparticles inhibited KRAS expression and tumor growth in PDAC and TNBC tumor models. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that miR-873 acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting KRAS and that miR-873-based gene therapy may be a therapeutic strategy in PDAC and TNBC.
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25
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Ganguly S, Chandra A, Chatterjee IB. Pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced invasive cancer of the renal pelvis and its prevention by vitamin C. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:1002-1010. [PMID: 30338226 PMCID: PMC6186955 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis (CRP) is predominantly associated with cigarette smoking. However, the molecular pathogenesis of initiation and progression of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced CRP is unknown. Majority of CRP is high grade and high stage at presentation and has a high recurrence rate even after surgery. Earlier we reported that prolonged treatment (24 weeks) of a guinea pig model with p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), a product of CS in vivo, produced carcinoma in situ in the renal pelvis, a noninvasive cancer. Since CS is known to induce invasive cancer, we investigated the effect of CS exposure to the guinea pigs. We observed that CS exposure for a short period (18 weeks) produced invasive tumor (pT1). pT1 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing increased immunoexpression of nuclear p53 indicating p53 mutation, aberrant CK20, increased Ki-67 and uniformly negative labeling of CD44. As observed earlier with p-BQ treatment, the initial events of CS exposure were oxidative damage and apoptosis that was followed by persistent signaling through EGFR and MAP kinase pathway. CS exposure also caused hyperphosphorylation of pRb, activation of cyclin E and cell cycle deregulation leading to infiltration of epithelial cells in lamina propria of the renal pelvis resulting in pT1 tumor. Oral supplementation of vitamin C (30 mg/kg guinea pig/day) inhibited oxidative damage and apoptosis and holistically prevented the tumor formation. We consider that our preclinical findings on the intake of adequate vitamin C, along with intense advice for cessation of smoking, will be helpful for the prevention of CS-induced CRP in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Ayan Chandra
- Department of Statistics, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Indu B Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata, 700019, India
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26
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Hoang TT, Tanrikulu IC, Vatland QA, Hoang TM, Raines RT. A Human Ribonuclease Variant and ERK-Pathway Inhibitors Exhibit Highly Synergistic Toxicity for Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2622-2632. [PMID: 30282811 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic-type ribonucleases (ptRNases) are prevalent secretory enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA. Ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) is a cytosolic protein that has femtomolar affinity for ptRNases, affording protection from the toxic catalytic activity of ptRNases, which can invade human cells. A human ptRNase variant that is resistant to inhibition by RI is a cytotoxin that is undergoing a clinical trial as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. We find that the ptRNase and protein kinases in the ERK pathway exhibit strongly synergistic toxicity toward lung cancer cells (including a KRASG12C variant) and melanoma cells (including BRAFV600E variants). The synergism arises from inhibiting the phosphorylation of RI and thereby diminishing its affinity for the ptRNase. These findings link seemingly unrelated cellular processes, and suggest that the use of a kinase inhibitor to unleash a cytotoxic enzyme could lead to beneficial manifestations in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish T Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - I Caglar Tanrikulu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Quinn A Vatland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Trieu M Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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27
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Zhang Y, Ren S, Yuan F, Zhang K, Fan Y, Zheng S, Gao Z, Zhao J, Mu T, Zhao S, Shang A, Li X, Jie Y. miR-135 promotes proliferation and stemness of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting RERG. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1210-1219. [PMID: 29961392 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1483379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in tumourigenesis and cancer development by regulating oncogenes or tumour suppressor that are implicated in cell cycle, cell mobility and even cell senescence. Due to the resistance to enzymes that could degrade nucleotides, miRNAs have been considered proper for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of cancer. The present study was designed to investigate miRNA associated with ESCC and identified effective miRNAs, which could serve as biomarker or targets. We first performed miRNA profiling to identify a subset of dysregulated miRNAs in ESCC. miR-135, miR-451 and miR-186 were the most differentially expressed miRNAs. Subsequent RT-PCR validated that miR-135 was upregulated in ESCC cell lines TE2 and TE9, implying the promise as a prognostic and diagnostic marker. The Cox regression analysis suggests the correlation of miR-135 expression and tumour stages. Survival analysis demonstrated metastatic samples largely have higher miR-135 expression. Downregulation of miR-135 suppressed proliferation and invasion of TE2 and TE9 cell lines. Subsequent target prediction combined with functional enrichment analysis identified "Small GTPase superfamily" that are possibly targeted by miR-135, which offers candidates for further investigation. Finally, RERG was identified as a target of miR-135. Downregulation of RERG could inhibit the cell proliferation and sphere formation ability of TE2 and TE9. Taken together, miR-135 was proved to promote tumour development of ESCC, which promises the prospect of using miR-135 as a biomarker indicator in diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Shuang Ren
- b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fengfeng Yuan
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Kaishang Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yingying Fan
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Shaozhong Zheng
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhen Gao
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jia Zhao
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Teng Mu
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Song Zhao
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - AnQuan Shang
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ying Jie
- d Department of Clinical Research Center , Xuyi People's Hospital , China
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28
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Sun Y, Lan M, Chen X, Dai Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhao T, Li Y, Zhu J, Zhang X, Jiang H, Wu X, Chen C, Zhang T, Yan Z. Anti-invasion and anti-metastasis effects of Valjatrate E via reduction of matrix metalloproteinases expression and suppression of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:817-824. [PMID: 29703569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valjatrate E is an iridoid compound extracted from Valeriana jatamansi Jones herb and is the active ingredient in antitumor activity. Here, we reported its action on tumor invasion and metastasis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, aiming at a better understanding of the potential mechanism of action of Valjatrate E. HepG2 cells were treated with Valjatrate E at different concentrations. Wound healing assay and transwell chamber assay were used to determine the effects of Valjatrate E on the migration and invasiveness of HepG2 cells, respectively. Moreover, homogeneity and heterotypic adhesion experiments evaluated the adhesion property of HepG2 cells. The molecular mechanisms by which Valjatrate E inhibited the invasion and migration of HepG2 cells were investigated by gelatin zymography experiment and western blot. Treatment with Valjatrate E inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. It achieved this by reducing the expression of matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9), by inhibition of heterogeneous adhesion ability, by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling via inhibiting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK). Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting invasion and metastasis in HepG2 cells through p-ERK, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target for tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Ming Lan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Xiu Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Yaolan Dai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - XiaoQin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - LiWen Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - TingTing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - YongBiao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Jiali Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - HeZhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - XiaoQing Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Tiane Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, PR China.
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29
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You H, Mariani LL, Mangone G, Le Febvre de Nailly D, Charbonnier-Beaupel F, Corvol JC. Molecular basis of dopamine replacement therapy and its side effects in Parkinson's disease. Cell Tissue Res 2018. [PMID: 29516217 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no cure for Parkinson's disease. The symptomatic therapeutic strategy essentially relies on dopamine replacement whose efficacy was demonstrated more than 50 years ago following the introduction of the dopamine precursor, levodopa. The spectacular antiparkinsonian effect of levodopa is, however, balanced by major limitations including the occurrence of motor complications related to its particular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Other therapeutic strategies have thus been developed to overcome these problems such as the use of dopamine receptor agonists, dopamine metabolism inhibitors and non-dopaminergic drugs. Here we review the pharmacology and molecular mechanisms of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease, both at the presynaptic and postsynaptic levels. The perspectives in terms of novel drug development and prediction of drug response for a more personalised medicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana You
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Louise-Laure Mariani
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Febvre de Nailly
- INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Charbonnier-Beaupel
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,INSERM, Unit 1127, CIC 1422, NS-PARK/FCRIN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,CNRS, Unit 7225, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,CIC Neurosciences, ICM building, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47/83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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30
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Sun LF, An DQ, Niyazi GL, Ma WH, Xu ZW, Xie Y. Effects of Tianxiangdan Granule treatment on atherosclerosis via NF‑κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1642-1650. [PMID: 29257205 PMCID: PMC5780105 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling pathways, and explored the possible mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. A total of 48 apolipoprotein E−/− mice (age, 8 weeks) were selected and divided into two groups: The normal control group (n=12) and the modeling group (n=36). In the modeling group, mice were fed a high-fat diet and were maintained in an artificial climate box, in order to stimulate the climate and eating habit characteristics of Xinjiang. Every morning, ApoE−/− mice in the modeling group were placed in the artificial climate box at 10:00 am and were taken out at 09:00 pm and placed back in the room temperature environment. The temperature of the artificial climate box was set at 6±2°C, relative humidity was controlled at 25–32.8% and the light-dark cycle was 12 h/day. The purpose of this method was to establish the Huizhuo Tanzu type atherosclerosis model. Following successful generation of the model, mice in the modeling group were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n=10), Tianxiangdan group (n=10) and atorvastatin group (n=10). After 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in each group were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK in aortic tissue were detected. The results indicated that the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in mice in the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), whereas the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were lower in the Tianxiangdan and atorvastatin groups compared with in the model group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein were higher in aortic tissues from the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), p-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein expression was reduced in the atorvastatin and Tianxiangdan groups compared with in the model group. The present study indicated that the mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis may be as follows: Tianxiangdan Granule may decrease the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and suppress activation of the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Sun
- Coronary Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing An
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Gu-Lijiamali Niyazi
- Rehabilitation Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Wei Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinnjiang 830011, P.R. China
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31
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The Specific Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase MSK1 Inhibitor SB-747651A Modulates Chemokine-Induced Neutrophil Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102163. [PMID: 29039777 PMCID: PMC5666844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is involved in a variety of cellular functions. MAPK-dependent functions rely on phosphorylation of target proteins such as mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1). MSK1 participates in the early gene expression and in the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, the role of MSK1 in neutrophil recruitment remains elusive. Here, we show that chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (CXCL2) enhances neutrophil MSK1 expression. Using intravital microscopy and time-lapsed video analysis of cremasteric microvasculature in mice, we studied the effect of pharmacological suppression of MSK1 by SB-747651A on CXCL2-elicited neutrophil recruitment. SB-747651A treatment enhanced CXCL2-induced neutrophil adhesion while temporally attenuating neutrophil emigration. CXCL2-induced intraluminal crawling was reduced following SB-747651A treatment. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of integrin expression revealed that SB-747651A treatment attenuated neutrophil integrin αMβ₂ (Mac-1) expression following CXCL2 stimulation. Both the transmigration time and detachment time of neutrophils from the venule were increased following SB-747651A treatment. It also decreased the velocity of neutrophil migration in cremasteric tissue in CXCL2 chemotactic gradient. SB-747651A treatment enhanced the extravasation of neutrophils in mouse peritoneal cavity not at 1-2 h but at 3-4 h following CXCL2 stimulation. Collectively, our data suggest that inhibition of MSK1 by SB-747651A treatment affects CXCL2-induced neutrophil recruitment by modulating various steps of the recruitment cascade in vivo.
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Ye H, Wang WG, Cao J, Hu XC. SPARCL1 suppresses cell migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7784-7790. [PMID: 28944877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the human SPARC‑like 1 (SPARCL1) is crucial for human cancer migration and invasion. In the present study, the expression, biological function and possible molecular regulatory mechanisms of SPARCL1 were investigated in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The protein expression of SPARCL1 in cells was evaluated using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining in the tissue microarray. The effects of SPARCL1 on the biological behaviors of RCC cells were assessed using in vitro assays. The present study also provisionally investigated the role of SPARCL1 on the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The results revealed that the expression of SPARCL1 was decreased in the RCC cell lines examined and in the tissue microarray. The overexpression of SPARCL1 significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and this may have been due to the inactivation of p38/c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) MAPKs. The results showed that high expression levels of SPARCL1 offered potential as a useful prognostic factor in RCC. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the expression of SPARCL1 was downregulated in RCC cells and tissues, however, the overexpression of SPARCL1 inhibited RCC cell migration and invasion. SPARCL1 also reduced the expression of phosphorylated p38/JNK/ERK MAPKs. These data suggested that increasing the protein expression level of SPARCL1 may be novel strategy for treating RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Gang Wang
- Shanghai Minhang District Gumei Community Health Center, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Chun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Ohara N, Haraguchi N, Koseki J, Nishizawa Y, Kawai K, Takahashi H, Nishimura J, Hata T, Mizushima T, Yamamoto H, Ishii H, Doki Y, Mori M. Low expression of the GOPC is a poor prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4483-4490. [PMID: 29085445 PMCID: PMC5649543 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi-associated PDZ- and coiled-coil motif-containing (GOPC) protein controls the intracellular trafficking of numerous integral membrane proteins. Knockdown of GOPC increases activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway and cancer cell progression in colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to clarify the correlation between GOPC expression and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Total RNA was extracted from 153 clinical colorectal cancer specimens and GOPC expression was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between GOPC expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed, along with the association of GOPC expression with overall survival (OS) and with recurrence-free survival (RFS). Lower expression of GOPC was significantly associated with a high frequency of venous invasion (P=0.001) and to poorer OS and RFS based on Kaplan-Meier analysis. In addition, multivariate analyses using a Cox proportional hazards model identified lower expression of GOPC to be an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer (hazard ratio=2.800; 95% confidence interval; 1.121-7.648; P=0.027). Lower expression of GOPC revealed a high frequency of venous invasion and associated with poorer prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yujiro Nishizawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Ganguly S, Chandra A, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. p-Benzoquinone initiates non-invasive urothelial cancer through aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR, MAP kinase activation and cell cycle deregulation: Prevention by vitamin C. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:296-305. [PMID: 28959653 PMCID: PMC5615141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Benzoquinone induces non-invasive urothelial carcinoma in a guinea pig model. The mechanisms involved are persistent growth signaling and cell cycle deregulation. Vitamin C prevents p-benzoquinone-induced non-invasive urothelial carcinoma.
According to WHO classification system, non-invasive urothelial carcinoma represents urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) and dysplasia. Dysplastic urothelium often progresses to CIS that further advances to urothelial carcinoma (UC). The strongest risk factor for UC is cigarette smoking. However, the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced UC is poorly understood. Earlier we had shown that p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), a major toxic quinone derived from p-benzosemiquinone of CS in vivo, is a causative factor for various CS-induced diseases. Here, using a guinea pig model we showed that prolonged treatment with p-BQ led to non-invasive UC, specifically carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the renal pelvis and dysplasia in the ureter and bladder. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis were p-BQ-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis that were later suppressed and followed by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor, aberrant phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues, activation of MAP kinase pathway and persistent growth signaling. This was accompanied by deregulation of cell cycle as shown by marked decrease in the expression of p21waf1/cip1 and cyclin D1 proteins as well as hyperphosphorylation of pRb. UC has been characterised by histopathology and immunohistochemistry showing aberrant CK20, increased Ki-67, and marked p53 nuclear immunopositivity with uniformly negative labelling of CD44. Oral supplementation of vitamin C (30 mg/kg body weight/day) prevented CIS of the renal pelvis and dysplasia in the ureter and bladder. Since majority of non-invasive UC progresses to invasive cancer with increased risk of mortality, our preclinical study might help to devise effective strategies for early intervention of the disease.
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Key Words
- Aberrant EGFR activation
- Bax, BCL2-associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CIS, carcinoma in situ
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Carcinoma in situ
- Cell cycle deregulation
- DNPH, 2 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
- Dysplasia
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- UC, urothelial carcinoma
- Vitamin C
- WHO, World Health Organization
- p-BQ, p-benzoquinone
- p-BSQ, p-benzosemiquinone
- p-Benzoquinone
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Ayan Chandra
- Department of Statistics, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Dhruba J Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Indu B Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Calcutta University College of Science, Kolkata 700019, India
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Sisto M, Lorusso L, Ingravallo G, Lisi S. Exocrine Gland Morphogenesis: Insights into the Role of Amphiregulin from Development to Disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:477-499. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Torres-Pérez JV, Sántha P, Varga A, Szucs P, Sousa-Valente J, Gaal B, Sivadó M, Andreou AP, Beattie S, Nagy B, Matesz K, C Arthur JS, Jancsó G, Nagy I. Phosphorylated Histone 3 at Serine 10 Identifies Activated Spinal Neurons and Contributes to the Development of Tissue Injury-Associated Pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41221. [PMID: 28120884 PMCID: PMC5264160 DOI: 10.1038/srep41221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional changes in superficial spinal dorsal horn neurons (SSDHN) are essential in the development and maintenance of prolonged pain. Epigenetic mechanisms including post-translational modifications in histones are pivotal in regulating transcription. Here, we report that phosphorylation of serine 10 (S10) in histone 3 (H3) specifically occurs in a group of rat SSDHN following the activation of nociceptive primary sensory neurons by burn injury, capsaicin application or sustained electrical activation of nociceptive primary sensory nerve fibres. In contrast, brief thermal or mechanical nociceptive stimuli, which fail to induce tissue injury or inflammation, do not produce the same effect. Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors or activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, or blocking or deleting the mitogen- and stress-activated kinases 1 and 2 (MSK1/2), which phosphorylate S10 in H3, inhibit up-regulation in phosphorylated S10 in H3 (p-S10H3) as well as fos transcription, a down-stream effect of p-S10H3. Deleting MSK1/2 also inhibits the development of carrageenan-induced inflammatory heat hyperalgesia in mice. We propose that p-S10H3 is a novel marker for nociceptive processing in SSDHN with high relevance to transcriptional changes and the development of prolonged pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Vicente Torres-Pérez
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Angelika Varga
- MTA-DE-NAP B-Pain Control Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Peter Szucs
- MTA-DE-NAP B-Pain Control Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Joao Sousa-Valente
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Botond Gaal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sivadó
- MTA-DE-NAP B-Pain Control Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - Anna P Andreou
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Beattie
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Bence Nagy
- The Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, IP4 5PD, United Kingdom
| | - Klara Matesz
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4012, Hungary
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
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Su X, Zhang L, Li H, Cheng P, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Xu H, Li D, Gao H, Zhang T. MicroRNA-134 targets KRAS to suppress breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1932-1938. [PMID: 28454346 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression patterns and functions of microRNA-134 (miR-134) have been previously studied in numerous types of cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of miR-134 in human breast cancer. In the present study, the expression patterns, biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-134 in human breast cancer were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction evaluated the expression of miR-134 in human breast cancer tissues, matched normal adjacent tissues, breast cancer cell lines and a normal mammary epithelial cell line. Following transfection with miR-134, an MTT assay, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, western blot analysis and a luciferase assay were performed on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. The findings revealed that miR-134 expression levels were significantly downregulated in breast cancer cells. Statistical analysis demonstrated that low expression of miR-134 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and reduced cell differentiation. It was observed that miR-134 inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Additionally, the present study indicated that miR-134 may directly target the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog in breast cancer tissues. These results suggest that miR-134 may be used as a potential therapeutic biomarker in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Su
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
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Chauhan A, Semwal DK, Mishra SP, Goyal S, Marathe R, Semwal RB. Combination of mTOR and MAPK Inhibitors-A Potential Way to Treat Renal Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci (Basel) 2016; 4:medsci4040016. [PMID: 29083380 PMCID: PMC5635794 DOI: 10.3390/medsci4040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm that occurs in the kidney and is marked by a unique biology, with a long history of poor response to conventional cancer treatments. In the past few years, there have been significant advancements to understand the biology of RCC. This has led to the introduction of novel targeted therapies in the management of patients with metastatic disease. Patients treated with targeted therapies for RCC had shown positive impact on overall survival, however, no cure is possible and patients need to undergo treatment for long periods of time, which raises challenges to manage the associated adverse events. Moreover, many patients may not respond to it and even response may not last long enough in the responders. Many inhibitors of the Mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway are currently being used in treatment of advanced RCC. Studies showed that inhibitions of mTOR pathways induce Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) escape cell death and cells become resistant to mTOR inhibitors. Because of this, there is a need to inhibit both pathways with their inhibitors comparatively for a better outcome and treatment of patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Satyendra Prasad Mishra
- Vice Chancellor, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Rajendra Marathe
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Nicol E, Chayata H, Genty C, Bouchonnet S, Bourcier S. Photodegradation of cyprodinil under UV-visible irradiation - chemical and toxicological approaches. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2201-2211. [PMID: 27467462 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cyprodinil is a fungicide active on grapes, strawberries, tomatoes, and many other fruits. Under UV-visible irradiation, it undergoes photodegradation through various processes to form transformation products (TPs) whose structures and potential toxicities are unknown. The structures of the TPs were elucidated by comparing the photodegradation of cyprodinil and cyprodinil-D5 . The potential toxicities of these compounds were compared with that of cyprodinil. METHODS Aqueous solutions of cyprodinil were irradiated in a reactor equipped with a mercury vapor lamp. Analyses were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer or to a SolarixXR 9.4 Tesla Fourier transform (FT) mass spectrometer. High-resolution mass measurements, MS/MS and isotopic labeling experiments allowed structural elucidation of the cyprodinil TPs. The toxicities were estimated by three tests in silico using the TEST software and in vitro bioassays using Vibrio fischeri bacteria. These bioassays were carried out on irradiated solution for several exposure times and non-irradiated solutions. RESULTS The structures of 19 photoproducts were characterized by LC/HRMS/MS after 4 h of irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution. The use of cyprodinil-D5 allowed the TPs to be characterized with more confidence. Knowing the structure of the TPs allows the estimation of their potential toxicities by in silico tests. Most of the photoproducts are potentially more toxic than the parent compound, based on the oral rat LD50 values, and most of them might induce more developmental and mutagenic toxicities. In vitro assays on Vibrio fischeri bacteria showed that the global ecotoxicity of the cyprodinil solution significantly increases with irradiation time. CONCLUSIONS Structures of photoproducts were characterized after irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution combining LC/HRMS, LC/HRMS/MS and the use of a labeled compound. Their formations imply several photodegradation reactions, namely direct bond cleavages, cyclization, isomerization and hydroxylation. Most of the TPs exhibit a toxicity significantly higher than that of the parent molecule. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Nicol
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Houda Chayata
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Genty
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchonnet
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Bourcier
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Yu L, Ham K, Gao X, Castro L, Yan Y, Kissling GE, Tucker CJ, Flagler N, Dong R, Archer TK, Dixon D. Epigenetic regulation of transcription factor promoter regions by low-dose genistein through mitogen-activated protein kinase and mitogen-and-stress activated kinase 1 nongenomic signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 27582276 PMCID: PMC5007815 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The phytoestrogen, genistein at low doses nongenomically activates mitogen-activated protein kinase p44/42 (MAPKp44/42) via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) leading to proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells. In this study, we evaluated if MAPKp44/42 could activate downstream effectors such as mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1), which could then epigenetically modify histone H3 by phosphorylation following a low dose (1 μg/ml) of genistein. Results Using hormone-responsive immortalized human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells, we found that genistein activated MAPKp44/42 and MSK1, and also increased phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine10 (H3S10ph) in ht-UtLM cells. Colocalization of phosphorylated MSK1 and H3S10ph was evident by confocal microscopy in ht-UtLM cells (r = 0.8533). Phosphorylation of both MSK1and H3S10ph was abrogated by PD98059 (PD), a MEK1 kinase inhibitor, thereby supporting genistein’s activation of MSK1 and Histone H3 was downstream of MAPKp44/42. In proliferative (estrogenic) phase human uterine fibroid tissues, phosphorylated MSK1 and H3S10ph showed increased immunoexpression compared to normal myometrial tissues, similar to results observed in in vitro studies following low-dose genistein administration. Real-time RT-PCR arrays showed induction of growth-related transcription factor genes, EGR1, Elk1, ID1, and MYB (cMyb) with confirmation by western blot, downstream of MAPK in response to low-dose genistein in ht-UtLM cells. Additionally, genistein induced associations of promoter regions of the above transcription factors with H3S10ph as evidenced by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, which were inhibited by PD. Therefore, genistein epigenetically modified histone H3 by phosphorylation of serine 10, which was regulated by MSK1 and MAPK activation. Conclusion Histone H3 phosphorylation possibly represents a mechanism whereby increased transcriptional activation occurs following low-dose genistein exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-016-0141-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yu
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Kyle Ham
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Lysandra Castro
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Yitang Yan
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Charles J Tucker
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Norris Flagler
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Ray Dong
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Trevor K Archer
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, NIH, HHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, National Toxicology Program (NTP) Laboratory, Division of the NTP (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA.
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Abstract
SMYD3 is a member of the SET and MYND-domain family of methyl-transferases, the increased expression of which correlates with poor prognosis in various types of cancer. In liver and colon tumors, SMYD3 is localized in the nucleus, where it interacts with RNA Pol II and H3K4me3 and functions as a selective transcriptional amplifier of oncogenes and genes that control cell proliferation and metastatic spread. Smyd3 expression has a high discriminative power for the characterization of liver tumors and positively correlates with poor prognosis. In lung and pancreatic cancer, SMYD3 acts in the cytoplasm, potentiating oncogenic Ras/ERK signaling through the methylation of the MAP3K2 kinase and the subsequent release from its inhibitor. A clinico-pathological analysis of lung cancer patients uncovers prognostic significance of SMYD3 only for first progression survival. However, stratification of patients according to their smoking history significantly expands the prognostic value of SMYD3 to overall survival and other features, suggesting that smoking-related effects saturate the clinical analysis and mask the function of SMYD3 as an oncogenic potentiator.
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Cao X, Hou D, Wang L, Li S, Sun S, Ping Q, Xu Y. Effects and molecular mechanism of chitosan-coated levodopa nanoliposomes on behavior of dyskinesia rats. Biol Res 2016; 49:32. [PMID: 27378167 PMCID: PMC4932756 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan, the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a cationic polyelectrolyte due to the presence of amino groups, one of the few occurring in nature. The use of chitosan in protein and drug delivery systems is being actively researched and reported in the literature. RESULTS In this study, we used chitosan-coated levodopa liposomes to investigate the behavioral character and the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) and FosB/ΔFosB in striatum of rat model of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). We found that scores of abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) decreased significantly in liposome group (P < 0.05), compared with levodopa group. Levels of phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-Thr34 DARPP-32 and FosB/ΔFosB in striatum decreased significantly in liposome group lesion side compared with levodopa group (P < 0.05). However, both of two groups above have significantly differences compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chitosan-coated levodopa liposomes may be useful in reducing dyskinesias inducing for Parkinson disease. The mechanism might be involved the pathway of signaling molecular phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-Thr34 DARPP-32 and ΔFosB in striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Hou
- College of pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qineng Ping
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Innajak S, Mahabusrakum W, Watanapokasin R. Goniothalamin induces apoptosis associated with autophagy activation through MAPK signaling in SK-BR-3 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2851-8. [PMID: 26987063 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Goniothalamin, a plant bioactive styrly-lactone, possesses many biological activities. In the present study, the anticancer effect of goniothalamin on human breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3 was investigated. The results showed that goniothalamin induced nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic bodies and mitochondrial dysfunction as determined by JC-1 staining. Goniothalamin also increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and expression of cleaved caspase-7, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP, but decreased Bcl-2 expression. In addition, goniothalamin induced apoptosis via p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 upregulation and inhibited cell survival via p-ERK1/2 and p-Akt downregulation. Notably, goniothalamin induced autophagy through upregulation of Atg7, Atg12-Atg5 conjugation and LC3II. The increased p-p38 and p-JNK1/2 and decreased p-Akt may lead to autophagy induction. Therefore, goniothalamin promoted apoptosis associated with autophagy induction in SK-BR-3 cells through p-p38 and p-JNK1/2 upregulation and p-Akt downregulation. The present study indicated that goniothalamin may be further used as a potential therapeutic candidate or may offer an alternative treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanda Innajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Mahabusrakum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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44
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Epigenomic regulation of oncogenesis by chromatin remodeling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4423-36. [PMID: 26804164 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the intricate gene expression program represents one of major driving factors for the development, progression and maintenance of human cancer, and is often associated with acquired therapeutic resistance. At the molecular level, cancerous phenotypes are the outcome of cellular functions of critical genes, regulatory interactions of histones and chromatin remodeling complexes in response to dynamic and persistent upstream signals. A large body of genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the chromatin remodelers integrate the extracellular and cytoplasmic signals to control gene activity. Consequently, widespread dysregulation of chromatin remodelers and the resulting inappropriate expression of regulatory genes, together, lead to oncogenesis. We summarize the recent developments and current state of the dysregulation of the chromatin remodeling components as the driving mechanism underlying the growth and progression of human tumors. Because chromatin remodelers, modifying enzymes and protein-protein interactions participate in interpreting the epigenetic code, selective chromatin remodelers and bromodomains have emerged as new frontiers for pharmacological intervention to develop future anti-cancer strategies to be used either as single-agent or in combination therapies with chemotherapeutics or radiotherapy.
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45
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Atrian F, Lelièvre SA. Mining the epigenetic landscape of tissue polarity in search of new targets for cancer therapy. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1313-25. [PMID: 26646365 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic nature of cancer encourages the development of inhibitors of epigenetic pathways. Yet, the clinical use for solid tumors of approved epigenetic drugs is meager. We argue that this situation might improve upon understanding the coinfluence between epigenetic pathways and tissue architecture. We present emerging information on the epigenetic control of the polarity axis, a central feature of epithelial architecture created by the orderly distribution of multiprotein complexes at cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts and altered upon cancer onset (with apical polarity loss), invasive progression (with basolateral polarity loss) and metastatic development (with basoapical polarity imbalance). This information combined with the impact of polarity-related proteins on epigenetic mechanisms of cancer enables us to envision how to guide the choice of drugs specific for distinct epigenetic modifiers, in order to halt cancer development and counter the consequences of polarity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Atrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, Lynn Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, Lynn Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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46
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Broekgaarden M, Weijer R, van Gulik TM, Hamblin MR, Heger M. Tumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: a molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 34:643-90. [PMID: 26516076 PMCID: PMC4661210 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. PDT comprises the administration of a photosensitizer, its accumulation in tumor tissue, and subsequent irradiation of the photosensitizer-loaded tumor, leading to the localized photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting oxidative damage ultimately culminates in tumor cell death, vascular shutdown, induction of an antitumor immune response, and the consequent destruction of the tumor. However, the ROS produced by PDT also triggers a stress response that, as part of a cell survival mechanism, helps cancer cells to cope with the PDT-induced oxidative stress and cell damage. These survival pathways are mediated by the transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and those that mediate the proteotoxic stress response. The survival pathways are believed to render some types of cancer recalcitrant to PDT and alter the tumor microenvironment in favor of tumor survival. In this review, the molecular mechanisms are elucidated that occur post-PDT to mediate cancer cell survival, on the basis of which pharmacological interventions are proposed. Specifically, pharmaceutical inhibitors of the molecular regulators of each survival pathway are addressed. The ultimate aim is to facilitate the development of adjuvant intervention strategies to improve PDT efficacy in recalcitrant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mans Broekgaarden
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Weijer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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47
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Lommel MJ, Trairatphisan P, Gäbler K, Laurini C, Muller A, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Sauter T, Schaffner-Reckinger E. L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells and in vitro is mediated by RSK downstream of the ERK/MAPK pathway. FASEB J 2015; 30:1218-33. [PMID: 26631483 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated cell migration and invasion are hallmarks of metastatic cancer cells. Phosphorylation on residue Ser5 of the actin-bundling protein L-plastin activates L-plastin and has been reported to be crucial for invasion and metastasis. Here, we investigate signal transduction leading to L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation using 4 human breast cancer cell lines. Whole-genome microarray analysis comparing cell lines with different invasive capacities and corresponding variations in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation level revealed that genes of the ERK/MAPK pathway are differentially expressed. It is noteworthy that in vitro kinase assays showed that ERK/MAPK pathway downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinases α-1 (RSK1) and α-3 (RSK2) are able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin on Ser5. Small interfering RNA- or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown and activation/inhibition studies followed by immunoblot analysis and computational modeling confirmed that ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is an essential activator of L-plastin. Migration and invasion assays showed that RSK knockdown led to a decrease of up to 30% of migration and invasion of MDA-MB-435S cells. Although the presence of L-plastin was not necessary for migration/invasion of these cells, immunofluorescence assays illustrated RSK-dependent recruitment of Ser5-phosphorylated L-plastin to migratory structures. Altogether, we provide evidence that the ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells with RSK1 and RSK2 kinases able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin residue Ser5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiti J Lommel
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Panuwat Trairatphisan
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Karoline Gäbler
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Christina Laurini
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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48
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Lang E, Bissinger R, Fajol A, Salker MS, Singh Y, Zelenak C, Ghashghaeinia M, Gu S, Jilani K, Lupescu A, Reyskens KMSE, Ackermann TF, Föller M, Schleicher E, Sheffield WP, Arthur JSC, Lang F, Qadri SM. Accelerated apoptotic death and in vivo turnover of erythrocytes in mice lacking functional mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17316. [PMID: 26611568 PMCID: PMC4661433 DOI: 10.1038/srep17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2 plays a decisive role in apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death called eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Here, we explored whether MSK1/2 participates in the regulation of eryptosis. To this end, erythrocytes were isolated from mice lacking functional MSK1/2 (msk−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (msk+/+). Blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mean erythrocyte volume were similar in both msk−/− and msk+/+ mice, but reticulocyte count was significantly increased in msk−/− mice. Cell membrane PS exposure was similar in untreated msk−/− and msk+/+ erythrocytes, but was enhanced by pathophysiological cell stressors ex vivo such as hyperosmotic shock or energy depletion to significantly higher levels in msk−/− erythrocytes than in msk+/+ erythrocytes. Cell shrinkage following hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion, as well as hemolysis following decrease of extracellular osmolarity was more pronounced in msk−/− erythrocytes. The in vivo clearance of autologously-infused CFSE-labeled erythrocytes from circulating blood was faster in msk−/− mice. The spleens from msk−/− mice contained a significantly greater number of PS-exposing erythrocytes than spleens from msk+/+ mice. The present observations point to accelerated eryptosis and subsequent clearance of erythrocytes leading to enhanced erythrocyte turnover in MSK1/2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abul Fajol
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Zelenak
- Charité Medical University Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathleen M S E Reyskens
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa F Ackermann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,nstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straβe 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - William P Sheffield
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
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49
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Bruntz RC, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D signaling pathways and phosphatidic acid as therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1033-79. [PMID: 25244928 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a variety of functions in prokaryotes, viruses, yeast, fungi, plants, and eukaryotic species. In mammalian cells, the pathways modulating catalytic activity involve a variety of cellular signaling components, including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, polyphosphatidylinositol lipids, Ras/Rho/ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases, and conventional isoforms of protein kinase C, among others. Recent findings have shown that phosphatidic acid generated by phospholipase D plays roles in numerous essential cellular functions, such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis, autophagy, regulation of cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Many of these cellular events are modulated by the actions of phosphatidic acid, and identification of two targets (mammalian target of rapamycin and Akt kinase) has especially highlighted a role for phospholipase D in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Phospholipase D is a regulator of intercellular signaling and metabolic pathways, particularly in cells that are under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulation of phospholipase D activity and its modulation of cellular signaling pathways and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Bruntz
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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50
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Go RE, Kim CW, Choi KC. Effect of fenhexamid and cyprodinil on the expression of cell cycle- and metastasis-related genes via an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway in cellular and xenografted ovarian cancer models. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:48-57. [PMID: 26344002 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fenhexamid and cyprodinil are antifungal agents (pesticides) used for agriculture, and are present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables. In the current study, the effects of fenhexamid and cyprodinil on cancer cell proliferation and metastasis were examined. Additionally, the protein expression levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E as well as cathepsin D were analyzed in BG-1 ovarian cancer cells that express estrogen receptors (ERs). The cells were cultured with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; control), 17β-estradiol (E2; 10(-9)M), and fenhexamid or cyprodinil (10(-5)-10(-7)M). Results of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that fenhexamid and cyprodinil increased BG-1 cell proliferation about 1.5 to 2 times similar to E2 (5 times) compared to the control. When the cells were co-treated with ICI 182,780 (10(-8)M), an ER antagonist, the proliferation of pesticide-treated BG-1 cells was decreased to the level of the control. A wound healing assay revealed that the pesticides reduced the disrupted area in the BG-1 cell monolayer similar to E2. Protein levels of cyclin D1 and E as well as cathepsin D were increased by fenhexamid and cyprodinil. This effect was reversed by co-treatment with ICI 182,780. In a xenograft mouse model with transplanted BG-1 cells, cyprodinil significantly increased tumor mass formation about 2 times as did E2 (6 times) compared to the vehicle (0.1% DMSO) over an 80-day period. In contrast, fenhexamid did not promote ovarian tumor formation in this mouse model. Cyprodinil also induced cell proliferation along with the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cathepsin D in tumor tissues similar to E2. Taken together, these results imply that fenhexamid and cyprodinil may have disruptive effects on ER-expressing cancer by altering the cell cycle- and metastasis-related gene expression via an ER-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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