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Zhu H, Li J, Yuan X, Zhao J, Ma L, Chen F, Hu X, Ji J. Synergistic effects of superfine grinding and high hydrostatic pressure on the contents, distribution, digestive behaviors and antioxidant activities of polyphenols in barley leaves. Food Chem 2024; 452:139574. [PMID: 38733683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Barley leaves (BLs) naturally contained abundant phenolics, most of which are hardly completely released from food matrix during gastrointestinal digestion. Superfine grinding (SFG) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) are generally used to treat the functional plants due to their effectiveness to cell wall-breaking and improvement of nutraceutical bioavailability. Thus, this study investigated the synergistic effects of SFG and HHP (100, 300, 500 MPa/20 min) on the bioaccessbility of typical phenolics in BLs during the simulated in-vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that the highest bioaccessbility (40.98%) was found in the ultrafine sample with HHP at 500 MPa. CLSM and SEM confirmed SFG led to microstructurally rapture of BLs. Moreover, the recovery index of ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP of HHP-treated ultrafine and fine BLs samples maximumly increased by 53.62% and 9.61%, respectively. This study is expecting to provide the theoretical basis to improve the consumer acceptance of BLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junfu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, China Agricultural University, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
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Spandole-Dinu S, Catrina AM, Voinea OC, Andone A, Radu S, Haidoiu C, Călborean O, Hertzog RG, Popescu DM. Evaluating the radioprotective effect of green barley juice on male rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:281-288. [PMID: 37769021 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2264923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA damage accounts for most biological effects of ionizing radiation. Antioxidants are known for their protective effect by preventing DNA damage. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the potential radioprotective effect of Natural SOD®, a green barley juice rich in antioxidants, on DNA damage in the testes and lymphocytes of Wistar rats exposed to ionizing radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 15) were selected and equally divided into three groups. Rats in one of the groups were pretreated orally with Natural SOD® for 14 days, while rats in another group were sham-pretreated with saline solution. Rats in both these groups were afterwards subjected to a single dose of 6 Gy X-ray whole-body irradiation. The control group did not receive any treatment and was not irradiated. Shortly after X-ray exposure, all rats were sacrificed and testes and blood were collected. Gamma-H2AX and histopathological assessment in the testes, along with comet assay of lymphocytes were performed. RESULTS Histopathological examination of the testes showed no significant architectural alterations. Immunofluorescent staining of γ-H2AX revealed more DNA double-strand break sites in testicular cells from sham animals compared to Natural SOD® pretreated rats. Alkaline comet assay results showed increased DNA damage in lymphocytes of irradiated rats compared to the control group with little differences between the pretreated groups. Animals pretreated with Natural SOD showed slightly reduced DNA damage compared to sham-pretreated rats. These findings suggest a potential protective effect of Natural SOD® against radiation-induced DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Natural SOD® exhibited a potential prophylactic radioprotective effect in rats, particularly in testes. Further investigations to determine medium and long-term effects of X-ray in animals administered Natural SOD® are needed to better estimate the radioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spandole-Dinu
- Experimental Radiobiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Catrina
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Cristina Voinea
- Experimental Pharmacotoxicology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Andone
- Experimental Radiobiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Speranța Radu
- Experimental Radiobiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasela Haidoiu
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Călborean
- Experimental Radiobiology Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Gabriel Hertzog
- National Center for Expertise and Intervention in Public Health for CBRN agents, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Mihaela Popescu
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
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Boyina R, Kosanam S, Bhimana S, Gudimitla RB, Duraiswamy D. In-vitro and In Silico Assessment of Anti-inflammation Properties of Saponarin Extracted from Hordeum Vulgare. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:14-20. [PMID: 38258776 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230284334240101100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hordeum vulgare, commonly known as Barley grass, is a historically significant cultivated plant with profound implications for societies, agricultural sciences, and human nutrition. It has been valued for both sustenance and its potential medicinal properties. OBJECTIVES This study aims to comprehensively investigate the medicinal properties of Hordeum vulgare, focusing on its potential therapeutic benefits and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, we seek to quantify and compare the phytochemical content of two distinct extracts: Barley Grass Hexane Extract (BGHE) and Barley grass aqueous extract (BGAQ). METHODS We quantified the phytochemical contents of BGHE and BGAQ and evaluated their anti-inflammatory effects using UV spectroscopy at 560 nm, coupled with the RBC membrane stabilization technique. Subsequently, we conducted in silico studies to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of Barley grass leaf extracts. RESULTS Both BGHE and BGAQ demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on inflammation compared to the control group. However, BGHE exhibited superior anti-inflammatory efficacy when compared to BGAQ, suggesting its role as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. In silico studies further supported the anti-inflammatory potential of Barley grass leaf extracts. CONCLUSION Hordeum vulgare, or Barley grass, offers a wealth of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-acne, and anti-depressant properties. These properties contribute to improved immunity, reduced cardiovascular disorders, and alleviation of fatigue. The distinct extracts, BGHE and BGAQ, both exhibit promising anti-inflammatory capabilities, but BGHE shows better anti-inflammatory activity. This research sheds light on the therapeutic potential of Barley grass, making it a valuable candidate for further exploration in the field of natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Boyina
- Department of Pharmacology, QIS College of Pharmacy, Vengamukkapalem, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sreya Kosanam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sasidhar Bhimana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, QIS College of Pharmacy, Vengamukkapalem, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raveendra Babu Gudimitla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, QIS College of Pharmacy, Vengamukkapalem, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yan JK, Chen TT, Li LQ, Liu F, Liu X, Li L. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect and underlying mechanisms of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) grass polysaccharides in mice induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37449927 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a pathological disorder of lipid metabolism that can cause fatty liver, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, and other diseases, seriously endangering people's health. Polysaccharides have been shown to have lipid-lowering potential. In the current study, the anti-hyperlipidemia effect and potential mechanisms of a polysaccharide (BGP-Z31) obtained from barley grass harvested at the stem elongation stage in high-fat diet (HFD)-treated mice were investigated. Results showed that supplementation with BGP-Z31 (200 and 400 mg kg-1) not only suppressed obesity, organ enlargement, and fat accumulation caused by HFD, but also regulated dyslipidemia, relieved liver function injury, and ameliorated the oxidative stress level. Meanwhile, BGP-Z31 increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid in HFD-induced mice. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that BGP-Z31 had no obvious effect on the gut microbiota diversity in mice treated with HFD, but it positively remodeled the intestinal flora structure by elevating the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae and lowering the Firmicutes/Bacteroides value and the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae. Therefore, our data suggested that BGP-Z31 can be used as a promising nutritional supplement for dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Long-Qing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Health Food Design & Nutrition Regulation, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Typical Food Precision Design, China National Light Industry Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation, School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Sengupta S, Abhinav N, Singh S, Dutta J, Mabalirajan U, Kaliyamurthy K, Mukherjee PK, Jaisankar P, Bandyopadhyay A. Standardised Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. fruit extract inhibits human neutrophil elastase and attenuates elastase-induced lung injury in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011216. [PMID: 36569308 PMCID: PMC9768866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) along with asthma is a major and increasing global health problem. Smoking contributes to about 80%-90% of total COPD cases in the world. COPD leads to the narrowing of small airways and destruction of lung tissue leading to emphysema primarily caused by neutrophil elastase. Neutrophil elastase plays an important role in disease progression in COPD patients and has emerged as an important target for drug discovery. Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. is a mangrove plant belonging to family Sonneratiaceae. It is widely found in the Sundarban regions of India. While the fruits of this plant have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and astringent activities, fruit and leaf extracts have been shown to reduce the symptoms of asthma and cough. The aim of this study is to find whether hydro alcoholic fruit extracts of S. apetala inhibit neutrophil elastase and thus prevent the progression of neutrophil elastase-driven lung emphysema. The hydroalcoholic extract, ethanol: water (90:10), of the S. apetala Buch.-Ham. fresh fruits (SAM) were used for neutrophil elastase enzyme kinetic assay and IC50 of the extract was determined. The novel HPLC method has been developed and the extract was standardized with gallic acid and ellagic acid as standards. The extract was further subjected to LC-MS2 profiling to identify key phytochemicals. The standardized SAM extract contains 53 μg/mg of gallic acid and 95 μg/mg of ellagic acid, based on the HPLC calibration curve. SAM also reversed the elastase-induced morphological change of human epithelial cells and prevented the release of ICAM-1 in vitro and an MTT assay was conducted to assess the viability. Further, 10 mg/kg SAM had reduced alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase in the mice model. Thus, in this study, we reported for the first time that S. apetala fruit extract has the potential to inhibit human neutrophil elastase in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Sengupta
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nipun Abhinav
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Karthigeyan Kaliyamurthy
- Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, A.J.C.B. Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, India
| | | | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
| | - Arun Bandyopadhyay
- Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Disorders Laboratory, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,*Correspondence: Parasuraman Jaisankar, ; Arun Bandyopadhyay,
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What Do We Know about Barley miRNAs? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314755. [PMID: 36499082 PMCID: PMC9740008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant miRNAs are powerful regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, which was repeatedly proved in several model plant species. miRNAs are considered to be key regulators of many developmental, homeostatic, and immune processes in plants. However, our understanding of plant miRNAs is still limited, despite the fact that an increasing number of studies have appeared. This systematic review aims to summarize our current knowledge about miRNAs in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare), which is an important agronomical crop worldwide and serves as a common monocot model for studying abiotic stress responses as well. This can help us to understand the connection between plant miRNAs and (not only) abiotic stresses in general. In the end, some future perspectives and open questions are summarized.
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In vitro simulated digestion affecting physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities of polysaccharides from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grasses at different growth stages. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:876-885. [PMID: 35963349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three polysaccharides (BGPs: BGPs-Z21, BGPs-Z23, and BGPs-Z31) were successively extracted from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grasses (BG) at different growth stages, including seedling (Z21), tillering (Z23), and stem elongation (Z31). The effects of in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion on the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of BGPs were investigated and compared. Results showed that the simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion had considerable influences on reducing sugar content, chemical components, monosaccharide constituents, and molecular weights of BGPs but hardly affected their preliminarily structural characteristics. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of BGPs were weakened after the simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion, but their bile acid-binding capacities were remarkably enhanced. The digested BGPs-Z31 by gastric juice possessed better antioxidant benefit, and bile acid-binding capacity (80.33 %) than other digested products. Overall, these results indicated that BGPs obtained from BG are valuable for functional foods as promising bioactive ingredients.
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Comparison of physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass at different growth stages. Food Chem 2022; 389:133083. [PMID: 35487082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Barley grass polysaccharides (BGPs) are some of the major bioactive constituents of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grass (BG). They exhibit favorable biological activities and health benefits. In this study, seven BGPs were extracted from BG, which was harvested at three different growth stages (e.g., seedling, tillering, and stem elongation), by alkaline-extraction method. Their physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and biological activities were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated that the extraction yields, chemical compositions, monosaccharide constituents, and molecular weights of the seven BGPs obtained at different growth stages varied obviously. These BGPs had similar preliminary structural characteristics but different microstructures and thermal properties. Furthermore, the BGPs (BGP-Z12 and BGP-Z21) obtained at the seedling stage possessed stronger in vitro antioxidant potentials, cholic acid binding activity, and immunological activity than other BGPs. Therefore, these results indicated that that the seedling stage of BG was the preferable harvest time for preparing highly bioactive BGPs.
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Yan JK, Chen TT, Chen X, Liu Y, Liu C, Li L. Assessing the product quality and biological activities of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grasses at different harvest times. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lemieszek MK, Komaniecka I, Chojnacki M, Choma A, Rzeski W. Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharide-Rich Young Green Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) Extract and Its Structural Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:1742. [PMID: 35268844 PMCID: PMC8911554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Young green barley (YGB) water extract has revealed a beneficial impact on natural killer (NK) cells' ability to recognize and eliminate human colon cancer cells, without any side effects for normal colon epithelial cells. The direct anticancer effect of the tested compounds has been also shown. The mixture of oligosaccharides found in this extract was characterized by chemical analyses and via FT-IR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS techniques. The YGB preparation contained 26.9% of proteins and 64.2% of sugars, mostly glucose (54.7%) and fructose (42.7%), with a small amount of mannose (2.6%) and galactose (less than 0.5%). Mass spectrometry analysis of YGB has shown that fructose oligomers contained from 3 to 19 sugar units. The number of fructans was estimated to be about 10.2% of the dry weight basis of YGB. The presented results suggest the beneficial effect of the consumption of preparations based on young barley on the human body, in the field of colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kinga Lemieszek
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Michał Chojnacki
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (W.R.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.C.); (W.R.)
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Xu Y, Zhang C, Qi M, Huang W, Sui Z, Corke H. Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activities of a Hot Water Soluble Polysaccharide from Hulless Barley Grass. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050677. [PMID: 35267310 PMCID: PMC8909257 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hulless barley grass may confer many health benefits attributed to its bioactive functional components, such as polysaccharides. Here, a hot water soluble polysaccharide was extracted from hulless barley grass, and its chemical characterization and in vitro anti-cancer activities were investigated. The yield of hulless barley grass polysaccharide (HBGP) was 2.3%, and the purity reached 99.1% with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.11 after purification by a diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DE-32) column and an S-400 high resolution (HR) column. The molecular weight and number-average molecular weight of HBGP were 3.3 × 104 and 2.9 × 104 Da, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of HBGP included 35.1% galactose, 25.6% arabinose, 5.5% glucose, and 5.3% xylose. Based on infrared spectrum analysis, HBGP possessed pyranose and galactose residues. In addition, this water-soluble polysaccharide showed significant cell proliferation inhibitory effects against cancer cell lines HT29, Caco-2, 4T1, and CT26.WT in a dose-dependent manner, especially for HT29 (the half-inhibitory concentration IC50 value = 2.72 mg/mL). The results provide a basis for the development and utilization of hulless barley grass in functional foods to aid in preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (M.Q.)
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (M.Q.)
| | - Meng Qi
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (M.Q.)
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Correspondence: or (W.H.); or (Z.S.)
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.X.); (C.Z.); (M.Q.)
- Correspondence: or (W.H.); or (Z.S.)
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China;
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Kim HJ, Lim S, Chung S, Lee S, Choi E, Yang KH, Hwang JT, Chung MY. Barley Sprout Water Extract and Saponarin Mitigate Triacylglycerol Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2022; 25:79-88. [PMID: 35029509 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of action responsible for the reported hypolipidemic activity of barley sprouts have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to compare the content of saponarin (the sole flavonoid present in barley sprout leaves), hypolipidemic activity between barley sprout water extract (BSW) and barley sprout ethanol extract (BSE), and the associated relevance to hypolipidemic activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW elicited superior antiadipogenic effects when compared with BSE in MDI mixture [IBMX 0.5 mM + dexamethasone 1 μM + insulin 1 μg/mL]-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. BSW attenuated MDI-mediated triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS). FAS protein expression was markedly and dose dependently attenuated by BSW, with higher doses suppressing expression to a level equivalent to the controls. BSW also significantly attenuated MDI-mediated increases in the expression of genes involved in TAG synthesis as well as FAS in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that BSW contains more than four times more saponarin than BSE. Further investigation of saponarin-mediated hypotriacylglycerolemic activity and related gene expression revealed that saponarin significantly inhibited TAG accumulation, which was attributed to reductions in TAG synthesis-related gene expression. Taken together, these findings provide a basis for further development of barley sprout extract for functional health food purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sol Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea
| | | | - Sohee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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13
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Xu Y, Zhang C, Liao Z, Li Z, Xu X, Sui Z, Corke H. Optimization of soluble dietary fiber extraction from hulless barley grass. Cereal Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zhanghua Liao
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Zijun Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Xianming Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program Guangdong Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Shantou China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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14
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Kim S, Park E, Park JH. Effects of Calcium Fortified Beverage Intake on Insulin Sensitivity and Antioxidant Metabolism in Healthy Elderly. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:303-313. [PMID: 34796135 PMCID: PMC8575645 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium, one of the most important nutrients, determines the quality of life of the elderly. It has been reported that 7 out of 10 people over the age of 60 have insufficient calcium intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium fortified beverage (CFB) intake on insulin sensitivity and antioxidant metabolism in healthy elderly. A crossover clinical trial was performed and antioxidant status of healthy elderly (age above 65 years, n = 8) was analyzed. Subjects did not take CFB for 0–3 weeks. They then took it for 3–6 weeks. CFB supplementation decreased insulin levels (Δ3–6 weeks: 1.19 ± 0.65 μ IU/mL → Δ0–3 weeks: −0.58 ± 0.38 μ IU/mL). Increasing degree of fasting blood glucose level was suppressed by intake of CFB, although the suppression was not statistically significant. Except for insulin, there were no significant differences in results of biochemical analysis between 0–3 weeks and 3–6 weeks. Catalase activity was significantly increased by CFB supplementation (Δ3–6 weeks: 3.50 ± 5.30 K g/Hb) compared to the no CFB supplementation period (Δ0–3 weeks: −12.48 ± 4.37 K g/Hb). However, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-peroxidase were not significantly different between 0–3 weeks and 3–6 weeks. H2O2-induced DNA oxidative damage was also decreased significantly by CFB supplementation. Taken together, these results indicate that CFB has beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity and some antioxidant enzymes in healthy elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonjeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
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15
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Ha MT, Tran PT, Tran HNK, Kim O, Kim JA, Lee JH, Min BS. Anti-osteoclastogenic Effects of Indole Alkaloids Isolated from Barley ( Hordeum vulgare Var. Hexastichon) Grass. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12994-13005. [PMID: 34694780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As part of our continuous program to identify new potential candidates for controlling osteolytic bone diseases from natural products, the alkaloid fraction of barley (Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon) grass (HVA) significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and protected mice from LPS-induced bone loss. A phytochemical investigation of HVA afforded nine indole alkaloids, including one new compound [hordeumin A (1)] and eight known analogues (2-9). Of them, four (1, 2, 4, and 5) were anti-osteoclastogenic compounds. Of these four, compound 5 significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in a concentration-dependent manner. It also suppressed the RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and the activation of c-Fos and NFATc1. Compound 5 also reduced the expression levels of osteoclast-specific marker genes, including TRAP, CtsK, DC-STAMP, OSCAR, and MMP9. Our findings suggest that HVA and its alkaloid constituents could be valuable candidates for the prevention and treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tuan Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Huynh Nguyen Khanh Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Okwha Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
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16
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Eldamaty HS, Elbasiouny H, Elmoslemany AM, Abd El-Maoula LM, El-Desoky OI, Rehan M, Abd El Moneim D, Zedan A. Protective Effect of Wheat and Barley Grass Against the Acute Toxicological Effects of the Concurrent Administration of Excessive Heavy Metals in Drinking Water on the Rats Liver and Brain. APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 11:5059. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contaminated water is a great concern because of its high toxiciy, non-biodegradability, and bioaccumulation. Therefore, non-contaminated water is fundamental for a healthy life. Special attention is paid to the health-promoting ingredients of germinated whole cereal products. This study aimed to (1) examine the potentially harmful effects of Cu, Mn, and Zn on rat livers and brains, and (2) the potentially protective action of wheat and barley grasses against the expected harmful effects of these metals. The rats were treated with water contaminated by heavy metals (HMs) and germinated wheat and barley for 60 days. The rat liver functions and histopathological examinations were analyzed. Comet assay was evaluated to assess the damage in the DNA of rat livers and brains. The results indicated a significant alteration in liver functions in rats exposed to HMs; however, wheat and barley grasses at high doses decreased the harmful effects. An insignificant difference was noticed in total protein, albumin, and globulin of rats treated with HMs compared with the control. A significant increase in the serum and liver levels of HMs was recorded; however, they were reduced by wheat and barley grasses. Rat livers treated with HMs exhibited severe histological effects. The groups treated with wheat and barley grasses showed a normal liver architecture. A significant increase in DNA damage in the livers and brains was observed in rats treated with HMs, which was reduced when treated with wheat and barley grasses. Thus, using germinated seeds is promising to avoid damaging of HMs.
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17
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Obadi M, Sun J, Xu B. Highland barley: Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, health effects, and applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:110065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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da Silva Souza B, Sales ACS, da Silva FDS, de Souza TF, de Freitas CDT, Vasconcelos DFP, de Oliveira JS. Latex Proteins from Plumeria pudica with Therapeutic Potential on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2011-2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200821121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is global health problem. Paracetamol (APAP) is used as an analgesic drug
and is considered safe at therapeutic doses, but at higher doses, it causes acute liver injury. N-acetyl-p-
Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQI) is a reactive toxic metabolite produced by biotransformation of APAP.
NAPQI damages the liver by oxidative stress and the formation of protein adducts. The glutathione
precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the only approved antidote against APAP hepatotoxicity, but it
has limited hepatoprotective effects. The search for new drugs and novel therapeutic intervention strategies
increasingly includes testing plant extracts and other natural products. Plumeria pudica (Jacq.,
1760) is a plant that produces latex containing molecules with therapeutic potential. Proteins obtained
from this latex (LPPp), a well-defined mixture of chitinases, proteinases proteinase inhibitors have
shown anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antidiarrheal effects as well as a protective effect against
ulcerative colitis. These studies have demonstrated that LPPp acts on parameters such as Glutathione
(GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, Myeloperoxidase
(MPO) activity, and TNF- α IL1-β levels. Since oxidative stress and inflammation have been
reported to affect the initiation and progression of liver injury caused by APAP, it is suggested that
LPPp can act on aspects related to paracetamol hepatoxicity. This article brings new insights into the
potential of the laticifer proteins extracted from the latex of P. pudica and opens new perspectives for
the treatment of this type of liver disease with LPPp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna da Silva Souza
- Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaiba - UFDPar, Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Plantas Laticiferas (LABPL), CEP 64.202-020, Parnaiba, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Silva Sales
- Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaiba - UFDPar, Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Plantas Laticiferas (LABPL), CEP 64.202-020, Parnaiba, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dayane Soares da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaiba - UFDPar, Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Plantas Laticiferas (LABPL), CEP 64.202-020, Parnaiba, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Thalis Ferreira de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaiba - UFDPar, Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Plantas Laticiferas (LABPL), CEP 64.202-020, Parnaiba, Piaui, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Fernando Pereira Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal do Piaui - UFPI, Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), CEP 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaiba - UFDPar, Laboratorio de Bioquimica de Plantas Laticiferas (LABPL), CEP 64.202-020, Parnaiba, Piaui, Brazil
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Sielicka‐Różyńska M, Gwiazdowska D. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of lemon, sweet, and cereal grasses. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sielicka‐Różyńska
- Department of Food Quality and Safety Institute of Quality Science Poznań University of Economics and Business Poznań Poland
| | - Daniela Gwiazdowska
- Department of Natural Science and Quality Assurance Institute of Quality Science Poznań University of Economics and Business Poznań Poland
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20
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Parzych S, Kwiatkowski P, Asztemborska M, Ruzik L. Evaluation of the content and bioaccessibility of selected metals from barley grass. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe evaluation of the content of zinc and copper in plant tissues of barley grass growing on enriched in zinc/copper solutions (sulphate, glycine complex, rutin complex) were studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The highest concentrations of Zn were found in the roots and leaves, growing on solutions enriched in the rutin-zinc(II) and sulphate solutions. The highest concentrations of Cu were found in the leaves, growing on solutions enriched in the glycine-copper(II) complex solutions. The research showed that the barley accumulates the zinc/copper from the nutrient solution, therefore, in the next step of the investigation the evaluation of bioaccessibility was carried out. The bioaccessibility of copper and zinc were evaluated from the various enriched cultivation solutions by the inductively coupled mass spectrometry coupled with size exclusion chromatography. Plants growing on solutions enriched in the zinc/copper complexes with amino acids (glycine) and flavonoids (rutin) accumulated excessive amounts of these elements in tissues. Additionally, the bioaccessibility is significantly higher than from the plant’s tissues growing on zinc/copper salts solutions.
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21
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Kowalczewski PŁ, Radzikowska D, Ivanišová E, Szwengiel A, Kačániová M, Sawinska Z. Influence of Abiotic Stress Factors on the Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenols Profile Composition of Green Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E397. [PMID: 31936315 PMCID: PMC7014329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of stress factors on the plant can, on the one hand, lead to worse functioning of the plant and loss of its crop, but on the other, it can have a positive effect on the metabolism of compounds with documented biological activity. In this study, the effect of light and drought intensity on photosynthetic activity and physiological status of two barley varieties, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and profile of polyphenolic compounds of green barley were analysed. It was shown that under the conditions of water shortage, the KWS Olof variety showed a smaller decrease in CO2 assimilation and transpiration and higher values of these parameters at both light intensities. Only in the KWS Olof variety increased stress as a result of increased light intensity. It has also been shown that both the intensity of radiation and drought-related stress have a significant impact on the profile of polyphenolic compounds from green barley, without a simple relationship between the impact of stress factors on the content of polyphenols. Changes in the profile of polyphenolic compounds augmented the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the material. This, in turn, proposes the possibility of reducing the applied doses of herbal material thanks to a greater content of active substances in extracts obtained from the plants used to produce medicinal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dominika Radzikowska
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd St., 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.R.); (Z.S.)
| | - Eva Ivanišová
- Department of Technology and Quality of Plant Products, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2 Tr. A. Hlinku St., 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego St., 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Viticulture and Enology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2 Tr. A. Hlinku St., 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergy and Food Technology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Sawinska
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 11 Dojazd St., 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.R.); (Z.S.)
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22
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Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Profiles of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Cultivars at Different Developmental Stages. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Barley grass possesses high nutritional value and antioxidant properties. In this study, the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in six cultivars of barley grass were explored at three developmental stages: tillering, jointing, and booting stages. Total chlorophyll (Chl t) and carotenoid (Car) content, chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b) ratio, total nitrogen nutrition (TNN), and total soluble protein (TSP) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were assayed. The results indicated that the cultivar × development interaction was significant and that developmental stage was the main factor affecting the parameters studied. Cultivars had a negligible effect on these parameters, which varied with the developmental stages. In the tillering stage, Chl t and Car content, TNN, and POD activity achieved their highest value; in the jointing stage, SOD activity peaked; in the booting stage, Chl a/b ratio, TSP content, and PPO activity showed their highest values. TNN showed a negative correlation with TSP. Compared with those in the jointing, Chl t, Car, TSP, TNN content, Chl a/b ratio, and POD and PPO activities increased in the booting and the tillering stages, whereas SOD activity decreased. The differences in phytochemical constituents and antioxidant enzyme activities in barley grass were mainly correlated with the developmental stages. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of developmental stages of barley grass on its phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities. Our results will help understand the mechanism of action of barley grass and provide theoretical support for the therapeutic application of barley grass.
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Sasaki D, Sasaki K, Kadowaki Y, Aotsuka Y, Kondo A. Bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of young barely leaf extract in an in vitro human colonic microbiota model. AMB Express 2019; 9:182. [PMID: 31721000 PMCID: PMC6854142 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Young barley leaf extract (YBL) contains beneficial substances such as fructans, minerals, and vitamins. The effects of YBL administration on the human colonic microbiota and its production of metabolites were evaluated using an in vitro model culture system. Fermentations were started by inoculating fecal samples from nine healthy subjects, with or without 1.5% YBL. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing results confirmed that YBL administration significantly increased the relative abundances of bacteria related to the genus Bifidobacterium (p = 0.001, paired t-test) and those of the genera Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospira (p = 0.013, p = 0.019, p = 0.028, and p = 0.034, respectively, paired t-test). Increased abundances of the latter genera corresponded to increased butyrate production in human colonic microbiota models following fermentation with 1.5% YBL, when compared to fermentation without 1.5% YBL (p = 0.006, Dunnett's test). In addition, YBL administration significantly increased the production levels of amino acids such as lysine, glutamate, serine, threonine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine. Therefore, our results showed the health-promoting bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of YBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yasushi Kadowaki
- JPD Co., Ltd., 7-98 Kita-Itami, Itami-shi, Hyogo, 664-0831 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aotsuka
- JPD Co., Ltd., 7-98 Kita-Itami, Itami-shi, Hyogo, 664-0831 Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
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Thatiparthi J, Dodoala S, Koganti B, Kvsrg P. Barley grass juice (Hordeum vulgare L.) inhibits obesity and improves lipid profile in high fat diet-induced rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111843. [PMID: 30951844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hordeum vulgare (L.), commonly known as barley belonging to Poaceae family is a widely used cereal. Barley seeds are considered to possess high nutritional value and antioxidant properties. The grass of barley is also considered as a part of health drink in many parts of India. It is claimed to suppress a number of health disorders including obesity, diabetes, circulatory disorders, arthritis, anemia, excessive cholesterol levels, renal difficulties, and cancer. However, the antiobesity potential of barley grass has not been explored till now. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to characterize and evaluate the anti-obesity activity of barley grass juice (Hordeum vulgare L.) in high fat diet induced model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Barley grass juice was characterized by GC-MS analysis for identifying the active phytochemical constituents and was subjected to standard in vitro antioxidant studies. For in vivo studies, obesity was induced by high fat diet model in adult male Wistar rats. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) was used as the standard and barley grass juice was administered at two dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg) for a period of 60 days. Anthropometric parameters, lipid profile and liver function markers were screened at regular intervals in all the treatment groups. At the end of the study, histopathological evaluations of liver and carotid artery were performed. The levels of in vivo antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde were also estimated in the liver homogenates. Expression levels of PPAR-gamma and caspase 3 were determined in the liver. RESULTS Results indicated that barley grass juice (Hordeum vulgare L.) exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity. Rats administered with high fat diet for 60 days showed a significant increase in body weight, BMI, altered lipid profile, liver function markers like AST, ALT, ALP and increased expression of PPAR-gamma and caspase 3. However, administration of barley grass juice for 60 days, profoundly decreased the bodyweight, BMI, improved lipid profile and liver function markers. This was supported by the decreased expression of PPAR-gamma and caspase 3 in liver. Histopathological variations observed in liver and carotid artery of high fat diet group, when treated with BJG showed preserved hepatocytes and reduced atherosclerosis. GC-MS analysis identified the presence of 12 phytochemical constituents in barley grass juice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the antiobesity activity of barley grass juice and it may be concluded that barley grass juice can be an effective nutraceutical in the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansyrani Thatiparthi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sujatha Dodoala
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bharathi Koganti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasad Kvsrg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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25
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Liu J, Luo D, Wu Y, Gao C, Lin G, Chen J, Wu X, Zhang Q, Cai J, Su Z. The Protective Effect of Sonneratia apetala Fruit Extract on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6919834. [PMID: 31320915 PMCID: PMC6607706 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6919834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a common consequence of taking overdose of acetaminophen (APAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of a mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala fruit extract (SAFE) on APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Mice were orally pretreated with SAFE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) daily for one week. The control and APAP groups were intragastrically administered with distilled water, and NAC group was treated with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) before APAP exposure. The results manifested that SAFE significantly improved survival rates, attenuated hepatic histological damage, and decreased the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in serum in APAP-exposed mice. SAFE treatment also increased glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, enhanced catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as well as reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver. In addition, the formation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and elevation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in APAP-exposed mice were inhibited after SAFE treatment. And SAFE also displayed high DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power in vitro. The main bioactive components of SAFE such as total phenol, flavonoid, condensed tannin, and carbohydrate were determined. The current study proved that SAFE exerted potential protective effect against APAP-induced acute liver injury, which might be associated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of SAFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Guosheng Lin
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinfen Chen
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Postdoctoral Programme, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Benincasa P, Falcinelli B, Lutts S, Stagnari F, Galieni A. Sprouted Grains: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E421. [PMID: 30781547 PMCID: PMC6413227 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been an increase in the use of sprouted grains in human diet and a parallel increase in the scientific literature dealing with their nutritional traits and phytochemical contents. This review examines the physiological and biochemical changes during the germination process, and the effects on final sprout composition in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients and bioactive compounds. The main factors affecting sprout composition are taken into consideration: genotype, environmental conditions experimented by the mother plant, germination conditions. In particular, the review deepens the recent knowledge on the possible elicitation factors useful for increasing the phytochemical contents. Microbiological risks and post-harvest technologies are also evaluated, and a brief summary is given of some important in vivo studies matching with the use of grain sprouts in the diet. All the species belonging to Poaceae (Gramineae) family as well as pseudocereals species are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benincasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Falcinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Fabio Stagnari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Carlo Lerici 1, 64023 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Angelica Galieni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Salaria 1, 63030 Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy.
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Protective effects of a polysaccharide BLE0 isolated from barley leaf on bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:314-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Preventive and Therapeutic Role of Functional Ingredients of Barley Grass for Chronic Diseases in Human Beings. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3232080. [PMID: 29849880 PMCID: PMC5904770 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3232080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Barley grass powder is the best functional food that provides nutrition and eliminates toxins from cells in human beings; however, its functional ingredients have played an important role as health benefit. In order to better cognize the preventive and therapeutic role of barley grass for chronic diseases, we carried out the systematic strategies for functional ingredients of barley grass, based on the comprehensive databases, especially the PubMed, Baidu, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, between 2008 and 2017. Barley grass is rich in functional ingredients, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), flavonoids, saponarin, lutonarin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), K, Ca, Se, tryptophan, chlorophyll, vitamins (A, B1, C, and E), dietary fiber, polysaccharide, alkaloid, metallothioneins, and polyphenols. Barley grass promotes sleep; has antidiabetic effect; regulates blood pressure; enhances immunity; protects liver; has anti-acne/detoxifying and antidepressant effects; improves gastrointestinal function; has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antigout effects; reduces hyperuricemia; prevents hypoxia, cardiovascular diseases, fatigue, and constipation; alleviates atopic dermatitis; is a calcium supplement; improves cognition; and so on. These results support that barley grass may be one of the best functional foods for preventive chronic diseases and the best raw material of modern diet structure in promoting the development of large health industry and further reveal that GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan mechanism of barley grass have preventive and therapeutic role for chronic diseases. This paper can be used as a scientific evidence for developing functional foods and novel drugs for barley grass for preventive chronic diseases.
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Ramu A, Kathiresan S, Ali Ahmed B. Gramine inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis via modulation of TGF-β signalling in 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 33:69-76. [PMID: 28887922 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and its receptors are considered as a novel target in cancer chemotherapy. Gramine, an indole alkaloid, possesses various pharmacological properties including antiproliferative and anticancer. However, the anti-angiogenic property remains unexplored. PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic and apoptosis induction properties of gramine through inhibiting TGF-β on DMBA induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the hamster buccal pouch (HBP). METHODS The effects of gramine on TGF-β signalling in DMBA induced carcinogenic events such as angiogenesis and apoptosis were analysed by studying the mRNA expression using RT-PCR, protein expression by western blot and histopathological analysis using haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. RESULTS Gramine significantly inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad4 by blocking activity of the TGFβ-RII, RI and activation of inhibitory Smad7. Gramine inhibited angiogenic markers such as MMP-2, MMP-9, HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGF-R2 as well as increased TIMP-2 expression. Furthermore, gramine induced apoptosis in DMBA induced tumour bearing animals by up regulating the pro apoptotic proteins Bax, cytochrome C, apaf-1, caspase-9 caspase-3 and PARP. CONCLUSION In this study, we clearly demonstrated that gramine treatment diminishes angiogenesis and induces apoptosis in hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis by modulating TGF-β signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Ramu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kathiresan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed
- Faculty of Applied Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; University of Malaya, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Woo SM, Kwon SC, Ko SG, Cho SG. Barley grass extract causes apoptosis of cancer cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:681-685. [PMID: 28584641 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, therefore food products are being investigated for potential prevention or treatment strategies. The ingredient, barley grass extract (Hordeum vulgare L.; Bex) is used to prevent or ameliorate various types of disease. In cancer, Bex has been revealed to inhibit tumor growth. However, its effect on cancer cells is yet to be clearly defined. In the present study, the effect of Bex on cancer cell growth was investigated. Bex inhibited the viabilities of breast and prostate cancer cells according to the results of MTT assays. Accordingly, Bex caused apoptosis, which was confirmed by Annexin V staining and western blot analysis for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspases. Furthermore, Bex increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and N-acetyl-L-cystein blocked Bex-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the study demonstrated that Bex causes apoptosis of breast and prostate cancer cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Woo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Food Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 368-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 368-701, Republic of Korea
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Uchida NS, Silva-Filho SE, Aguiar RP, Wiirzler LAM, Cardia GFE, Cavalcante HAO, Silva-Comar FMDS, Becker TCA, Silva EL, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RKN. Protective Effect of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil in Experimental Model of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:515-532. [PMID: 28359199 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Cymbopogon citratus or lemongrass essential oil (LGO), it was used in an animal model of acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP). Swiss mice were pretreated with LGO (125, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg) and SLM (standard drug, 200[Formula: see text]mg/kg) for a duration of seven days, followed by the induction of hepatotoxicity of APAP (single dose, 250[Formula: see text]mg/kg). The liver function markers alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase were determined to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of the LGO. The livers were used to determine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitric oxide (NO) production and histological analysis. The effect of LGO on leukocyte migration was evaluated in vitro. Anti-oxidant activity was performed by assessing the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro. LGO pretreatment decreased significantly the levels of ALT, AST and ALP compared with APAP group. MPO activity and NO production were decreased. The histopathological analysis showed an improved of hepatic lesions in mice after LGO pretreatment. LGO inhibited neutrophil migration and exhibited anti-oxidant activity. Our results suggest that LGO has protective activity against liver toxicity induced by paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Sayuri Uchida
- * Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho
- * Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pazinatto Aguiar
- * Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Expedito Leite Silva
- ‡ Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Han S, Li D, Trost E, Mayer KF, Vlot AC, Heller W, Schmid M, Hartmann A, Rothballer M. Systemic Responses of Barley to the 3-hydroxy-decanoyl-homoserine Lactone Producing Plant Beneficial Endophyte Acidovorax radicis N35. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1868. [PMID: 28018401 PMCID: PMC5149536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing auto-inducers of the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) type produced by Gram-negative bacteria have different effects on plants including stimulation on root growth and/or priming or acquirement of systemic resistance in plants. In this communication the influence of AHL production of the plant growth promoting endophytic rhizosphere bacterium Acidovorax radicis N35 on barley seedlings was investigated. A. radicis N35 produces 3-hydroxy-C10-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C10-HSL) as the major AHL compound. To study the influence of this QS autoinducer on the interaction with barley, the araI-biosynthesis gene was deleted. The comparison of inoculation effects of the A. radicis N35 wild type and the araI mutant resulted in remarkable differences. While the N35 wild type colonized plant roots effectively in microcolonies, the araI mutant occurred at the root surface as single cells. Furthermore, in a mixed inoculum the wild type was much more prevalent in colonization than the araI mutant documenting that the araI mutation affected root colonization. Nevertheless, a significant plant growth promoting effect could be shown after inoculation of barley with the wild type and the araI mutant in soil after 2 months cultivation. While A. radicis N35 wild type showed only a very weak induction of early defense responses in plant RNA expression analysis, the araI mutant caused increased expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. This was corroborated by the accumulation of several flavonoid compounds such as saponarin and lutonarin in leaves of root inoculated barley seedlings. Thus, although the exact role of the flavonoids in this plant response is not clear yet, it can be concluded, that the synthesis of AHLs by A. radicis has implications on the perception by the host plant barley and thereby contributes to the establishment and function of the bacteria-plant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcai Han
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Department Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dan Li
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Department Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Trost
- Research Unit Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Department Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F. Mayer
- Research Unit Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Department Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- Department Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Heller
- Department Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmid
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Department Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton Hartmann
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Department Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Department Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Rothballer
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