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Iqbal MH, Kerdjoudj H, Boulmedais F. Protein-based layer-by-layer films for biomedical applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9408-9437. [PMID: 38939139 PMCID: PMC11206333 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The surface engineering of biomaterials is crucial for their successful (bio)integration by the body, i.e. the colonization by the tissue-specific cell, and the prevention of fibrosis and/or bacterial colonization. Performed at room temperature in an aqueous medium, the layer-by-layer (LbL) coating method is based on the alternating deposition of macromolecules. Versatile and simple, this method allows the functionalization of surfaces with proteins, which play a crucial role in several biological mechanisms. Possessing intrinsic properties (cell adhesion, antibacterial, degradable, etc.), protein-based LbL films represent a powerful tool to control bacterial and mammalian cell fate. In this article, after a general introduction to the LbL technique, we will focus on protein-based LbL films addressing different biomedical issues/domains, such as bacterial infection, blood contacting surfaces, mammalian cell adhesion, drug and gene delivery, and bone and neural tissue engineering. We do not consider biosensing applications or electrochemical aspects using specific proteins such as enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb Iqbal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034 France
| | | | - Fouzia Boulmedais
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR 22, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034 France
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2
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Kibar G, Dutta S, Rege K, Usta OB. Evaluation of drug carrier hepatotoxicity using primary cell culture models. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102651. [PMID: 36623713 PMCID: PMC10492629 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish a primary rat hepatocyte culture model to evaluate dose-dependent hepatotoxic effects of drug carriers (lipopolymer nanoparticles; LPNs) temporal. Primary rat hepatocyte cell cultures were used to determine half-maximal Inhibition Concentrations (IC50) of the drug-carrier library. Drug-carrier library, at concentrations <50 μg/mL, is benign to primary rat hepatocytes as determined using albumin and urea secretions. Albumin, as a hepatic biomarker, exhibited a more sensitive and faster outcome, compared to urea, for the determination of the IC50 value of LPNs. Temporal measurements of hepatic biomarkers including urea and albumin, and rigorous physicochemical (hydrodynamic diameter, surface charge, etc.) characterization, should be combined to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of drug carrier libraries in screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güneş Kibar
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - Subhadeep Dutta
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Kaushal Rege
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Biological Design Graduate Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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3
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McDuffie D, Barr D, Agarwal A, Thomas E. Physiologically relevant microsystems to study viral infection in the human liver. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999366. [PMID: 36246284 PMCID: PMC9555087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver disease and mortality. Infection can occur acutely or chronically, but the mechanisms that govern the clearance of virus or lack thereof are poorly understood and merit further investigation. Though cures for viral hepatitis have been developed, they are expensive, not readily accessible in vulnerable populations and some patients may remain at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after viral clearance. To sustain infection in vitro, hepatocytes must be fully mature and remain in a differentiated state. However, primary hepatocytes rapidly dedifferentiate in conventional 2D in vitro platforms. Physiologically relevant or physiomimetic microsystems, are increasingly popular alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monocultures for in vitro studies. Physiomimetic systems reconstruct and incorporate elements of the native cellular microenvironment to improve biologic functionality in vitro. Multiple elements contribute to these models including ancillary tissue architecture, cell co-cultures, matrix proteins, chemical gradients and mechanical forces that contribute to increased viability, longevity and physiologic function for the tissue of interest. These microsystems are used in a wide variety of applications to study biological phenomena. Here, we explore the use of physiomimetic microsystems as tools for studying viral hepatitis infection in the liver and how the design of these platforms is tailored for enhanced investigation of the viral lifecycle when compared to conventional 2D cell culture models. Although liver-based physiomimetic microsystems are typically applied in the context of drug studies, the platforms developed for drug discovery purposes offer a solid foundation to support studies on viral hepatitis. Physiomimetic platforms may help prolong hepatocyte functionality in order to sustain chronic viral hepatitis infection in vitro for studying virus-host interactions for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis McDuffie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - David Barr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashutosh Agarwal,
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Emmanuel Thomas,
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Hayward KL, Kouthouridis S, Zhang B. Organ-on-a-Chip Systems for Modeling Pathological Tissue Morphogenesis Associated with Fibrosis and Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:2900-2925. [PMID: 34275294 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue building does not occur exclusively during development. Even after a whole body is built from a single cell, tissue building can occur to repair and regenerate tissues of the adult body. This confers resilience and enhanced survival to multicellular organisms. However, this resiliency comes at a cost, as the potential for misdirected tissue building creates vulnerability to organ deformation and dysfunction-the hallmarks of disease. Pathological tissue morphogenesis is associated with fibrosis and cancer, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite being the priority of research for decades, scientific understanding of these diseases is limited and existing therapies underdeliver the desired benefits to patient outcomes. This can largely be attributed to the use of two-dimensional cell culture and animal models that insufficiently recapitulate human disease. Through the synergistic union of biological principles and engineering technology, organ-on-a-chip systems represent a powerful new approach to modeling pathological tissue morphogenesis, one with the potential to yield better insights into disease mechanisms and improved therapies that offer better patient outcomes. This Review will discuss organ-on-a-chip systems that model pathological tissue morphogenesis associated with (1) fibrosis in the context of injury-induced tissue repair and aging and (2) cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Hayward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sonya Kouthouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Moradi E, Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Solati-Hashjin M. Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models of human liver tissue. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:67-83. [PMID: 32890749 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the largest internal organ of the body with complex microarchitecture and function that plays critical roles in drug metabolism. Hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by various drugs is the main reason for late-stage drug failures. Moreover, liver diseases are among the leading causes of death in the world, with the number of new cases arising each year. Although animal models have been used to understand human drug metabolism and toxicity before clinical trials, tridimensional microphysiological systems, such as liver-on-a-chip (Liver Chip) platforms, could better recapitulate features of human liver physiology and pathophysiology and thus, are often more predictive of human outcome. Liver Chip devices have shown promising results in mimicking in vivo condition by recapitulating the sinusoidal structure of the liver, maintaining high cell viability and cellular phenotypes, and emulating native liver functions. Here, we first review the cellular constituents and physiology of the liver and then critically discuss the state-of-the-art chip-based liver models and their applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. We finally address the pending issues of existing platforms and touch upon future directions for developing new, advanced on-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsanollah Moradi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran
| | - Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran.
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Kang YB(A, Eo J, Bulutoglu B, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Progressive hypoxia-on-a-chip: An in vitro oxygen gradient model for capturing the effects of hypoxia on primary hepatocytes in health and disease. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:763-775. [PMID: 31736056 PMCID: PMC7015781 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is vital to the function of all tissues including the liver and lack of oxygen, that is, hypoxia can result in both acute and chronic injuries to the liver in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, a permanent oxygen gradient is naturally present along the liver sinusoid, which plays a role in the metabolic zonation and the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Accordingly, here, we introduce an in vitro microfluidic platform capable of actively creating a series of oxygen concentrations on a single continuous microtissue, ranging from normoxia to severe hypoxia. This range approximately captures both the physiologically relevant oxygen gradient generated from the portal vein to the central vein in the liver, and the severe hypoxia occurring in ischemia and liver diseases. Primary rat hepatocytes cultured in this microfluidic platform were exposed to an oxygen gradient of 0.3-6.9%. The establishment of an ascending hypoxia gradient in hepatocytes was confirmed in response to the decreasing oxygen supply. The hepatocyte viability in this platform decreased to approximately 80% along the hypoxia gradient. Simultaneously, a progressive increase in accumulation of reactive oxygen species and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was observed with increasing hypoxia. These results demonstrate the induction of distinct metabolic and genetic responses in hepatocytes upon exposure to an oxygen (/hypoxia) gradient. This progressive hypoxia-on-a-chip platform can be used to study the role of oxygen and hypoxia-associated molecules in modeling healthy and injured liver tissues. Its use can be further expanded to the study of other hypoxic tissues such as tumors as well as the investigation of drug toxicity and efficacy under oxygen-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok (Abraham) Kang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- College of Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, USA
| | - Jinsu Eo
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beyza Bulutoglu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - O. Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Bulutoglu B, Rey-Bedón C, Mert S, Tian L, Jang YY, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. A comparison of hepato-cellular in vitro platforms to study CYP3A4 induction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229106. [PMID: 32106230 PMCID: PMC7046200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies of drug toxicity and drug-drug interactions are crucial for drug development efforts. Currently, the utilization of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) is the de facto standard for this purpose, due to their functional xenobiotic response and drug metabolizing CYP450 enzyme metabolism. However, PHHs are scarce, expensive, require laborious maintenance, and exhibit lot-to-lot heterogeneity. Alternative human in vitro platforms include hepatic cell lines, which are easy to access and maintain, and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived hepatocytes. In this study, we provide a direct comparison of drug induced CYP3A4 and PXR expression levels of PHHs, hepatic cell lines Huh7 and HepG2, and iPSC derived hepatocyte like cells. Confluently cultured Huh7s exhibited an improved CYP3A4 expression and were inducible by up to 4.9-fold, and hepatocytes differentiated from human iPSCs displayed a 3.3-fold CYP3A4 induction. In addition, an increase in PXR expression levels was observed in both hepatic cell lines and iPSC derived hepatocytes upon rifampicin treatment, whereas a reproducible increase in PXR expression was not achieved in PHHs. Our results indicate that both hepatoma originated cell lines and iPSCs may provide alternative sources to primary hepatocytes, providing reliable and reproducible results for CYP3A4/PXR metabolism, upon in vitro maturation. This study may serve as a guide for the selection of suitable and feasible in vitro platforms for drug-drug interaction and toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Bulutoglu
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Camilo Rey-Bedón
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Safak Mert
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lipeng Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Young Jang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - O. Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Li L, Gokduman K, Gokaltun A, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. A microfluidic 3D hepatocyte chip for hepatotoxicity testing of nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2209-2226. [PMID: 31179822 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a practical microfluidic 3D hepatocyte chip for hepatotoxicity testing of nanoparticles using proof of concept studies providing first results of the potential hepatotoxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) under microfluidic conditions. Methods: A microfluidic 3D hepatocyte chip with three material layers, which contains primary rat hepatocytes, has been fabricated and tested using different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) of SPION in 3-day (short-term) and 1-week (long-term) cultures. Results: Compared with standard well plates, the hepatocyte chip with flow provided comparable viability and significantly higher liver-specific functions, up to 1 week. In addition, the chip recapitulates the key physiological responses in the hepatotoxicity of SPION. Conclusion: Thus, the developed 3D hepatocyte chip is a robust and highly sensitive platform for investigating hepatotoxicity profiles of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kurtulus Gokduman
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aslihan Gokaltun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Rutgers State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Osman Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Metabolic Patterning on a Chip: Towards in vitro Liver Zonation of Primary Rat and Human Hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8951. [PMID: 29895900 PMCID: PMC5997652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An important number of healthy and diseased tissues shows spatial variations in their metabolic capacities across the tissue. The liver is a prime example of such heterogeneity where the gradual changes in various metabolic activities across the liver sinusoid is termed as “zonation” of the liver. Here, we introduce the Metabolic Patterning on a Chip (MPOC) platform capable of dynamically creating metabolic patterns across the length of a microchamber of liver tissue via actively enforced gradients of various metabolic modulators such as hormones and inducers. Using this platform, we were able to create continuous liver tissues of both rat and human origin with gradually changing metabolic activities. The gradients we have created in nitrogen, carbohydrate and xenobiotic metabolisms recapitulated an in vivo like zonation and zonal toxic response. Beyond its application in recapitulation of liver zonation in vitro as we demonstrate here, the MPOC platform can be used and expanded for a variety of purposes including better understanding of heterogeneity in many different tissues during developmental and adult stages.
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10
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Gokduman K, Bestepe F, Li L, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Dose-, treatment- and time-dependent toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on primary rat hepatocytes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1267-1284. [PMID: 29949471 PMCID: PMC6219434 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM As a first study in literature, to investigate concentration-dependent (0-400 μg/ml) and exposure-dependent (single dosing vs cumulative dosing) effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (d = 10 nm) on primary rat hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner. MATERIALS & METHODS Sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model was used to evaluate viability, hepatocyte specific functions and reactive oxygen species level. RESULTS In terms of all parameters, generally statistically more significant effects were observed in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In terms of hepatocyte-specific functions, cumulative dosing caused significantly (p < 0.05) more deleterious effects at 48th hour. CONCLUSION A combination of various biomarkers should be employed for the evaluation of the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on liver, and each biomarker should be analyzed in a time- and exposure-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtulus Gokduman
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Furkan Bestepe
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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11
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Fish scale-derived collagen patch promotes growth of blood and lymphatic vessels in vivo. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:246-260. [PMID: 28888665 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Type I collagen was extracted from fish scales asa potential alternative source of collagen for tissue engineering applications. Since unmodified collagen typically has poor mechanical and degradation stability both in vitro and in vivo, additional methylation modification and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE) crosslinking steps were used to improve the physicochemical properties of fish scale-derived collagen. Subsequently, in vivo studies using a murine model demonstrated the biocompatibility of the different fish scale-derived collagen patches. In general, favorable integration of the collagen patches to the surrounding tissues, with good infiltration of cells, blood vessels (BVs) and lymphatic vessels (LVs) were observed under growth factor-free conditions. Interestingly, significantly higher (p<0.05) number of LVs was found to be more abundant around collagen patches with methylation modification and BDE crosslinking. Overall, we have demonstrated the potential application of fish scale-derived collagen as a promising scaffolding material for various biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Currently the most common sources of collagen are of bovine and porcine origins, although the industrial use of collagen obtained from non-mammalian species is growing in importance, particularly since they have a lower risk of disease transmission and are not subjected to any cultural or religious constraints. However, unmodified collagen typically has poor mechanical and degradation stability both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, in this study, Type I collagen was successfully extracted from fish scales and chemically modified and crosslinked. In vitro studies showed overall improvement in the physicochemical properties of the material, whilst in vivo implantation studies showed improvements in the growth of blood and lymphatic host vessels in the vicinity of the implants.
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Lee-Montiel FT, George SM, Gough AH, Sharma AD, Wu J, DeBiasio R, Vernetti LA, Taylor DL. Control of oxygen tension recapitulates zone-specific functions in human liver microphysiology systems. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1617-1632. [PMID: 28409533 PMCID: PMC5661766 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217703978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes our next generation human Liver Acinus MicroPhysiology System (LAMPS). The key demonstration of this study was that Zone 1 and Zone 3 microenvironments can be established by controlling the oxygen tension in individual devices over the range of ca. 3 to 13%. The oxygen tension was computationally modeled using input on the microfluidic device dimensions, numbers of cells, oxygen consumption rates of hepatocytes, the diffusion coefficients of oxygen in different materials and the flow rate of media in the MicroPhysiology System (MPS). In addition, the oxygen tension was measured using a ratiometric imaging method with the oxygen sensitive dye, Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate (RTDP) and the oxygen insensitive dye, Alexa 488. The Zone 1 biased functions of oxidative phosphorylation, albumin and urea secretion and Zone 3 biased functions of glycolysis, α1AT secretion, Cyp2E1 expression and acetaminophen toxicity were demonstrated in the respective Zone 1 and Zone 3 MicroPhysiology System. Further improvements in the Liver Acinus MicroPhysiology System included improved performance of selected nonparenchymal cells, the inclusion of a porcine liver extracellular matrix to model the Space of Disse, as well as an improved media to support both hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. In its current form, the Liver Acinus MicroPhysiology System is most amenable to low to medium throughput, acute through chronic studies, including liver disease models, prioritizing compounds for preclinical studies, optimizing chemistry in structure activity relationship (SAR) projects, as well as in rising dose studies for initial dose ranging. Impact statement Oxygen zonation is a critical aspect of liver functions. A human microphysiology system is needed to investigate the impact of zonation on a wide range of liver functions that can be experimentally manipulated. Because oxygen zonation has such diverse physiological effects in the liver, we developed and present a method for computationally modeling and measuring oxygen that can easily be implemented in all MPS models. We have applied this method in a liver MPS in which we are then able to control oxygenation in separate devices and demonstrate that zonation-dependent hepatocyte functions in the MPS recapitulate what is known about in vivo liver physiology. We believe that this advance allows a deep experimental investigation on the role of zonation in liver metabolism and disease. In addition, modeling and measuring oxygen tension will be required as investigators migrate from PDMS to plastic and glass devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subin M George
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,USA
| | - Albert H Gough
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,USA
| | - Anup D Sharma
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,USA
| | - Juanfang Wu
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Richard DeBiasio
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Lawrence A Vernetti
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260,USA
- Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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13
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Gokaltun A, Yarmush ML, Asatekin A, Usta OB. Recent advances in nonbiofouling PDMS surface modification strategies applicable to microfluidic technology. TECHNOLOGY 2017; 5:1-12. [PMID: 28695160 PMCID: PMC5501164 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547817300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade microfabrication processes including rapid prototyping techniques have advanced rapidly and achieved a fairly mature stage. These advances have encouraged and enabled the use of microfluidic devices by a wider range of users with applications in biological separations and cell and organoid cultures. Accordingly, a significant current challenge in the field is controlling biomolecular interactions at interfaces and the development of novel biomaterials to satisfy the unique needs of the biomedical applications. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is one of the most widely used materials in the fabrication of microfluidic devices. The popularity of this material is the result of its low cost, simple fabrication allowing rapid prototyping, high optical transparency, and gas permeability. However, a major drawback of PDMS is its hydrophobicity and fast hydrophobic recovery after surface hydrophilization. This results in significant nonspecific adsorption of proteins as well as small hydrophobic molecules such as therapeutic drugs limiting the utility of PDMS in biomedical microfluidic circuitry. Accordingly, here, we focus on recent advances in surface molecular treatments to prevent fouling of PDMS surfaces towards improving its utility and expanding its use cases in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Gokaltun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02474, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02474, USA
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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14
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Gröger M, Lange M, Rennert K, Kaschowitz T, Plettenberg H, Hoffmann M, Mosig AS. Novel approach for the prediction of cell densities and viability in standardized translucent cell culture biochips with near infrared spectroscopy. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:585-593. [PMID: 32624804 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive method for compositional analysis of biological material. The technology is widely used within bioreactors and possesses potential as a standardized method for quality control in miniaturized microfluidic cell culture systems. Here, we established a method for quantification of cell density and viability of adherent HepaRG cells cultured in a translucent, miniaturized cell culture biochip. The newly developed statistical models for interpretation of near infrared spectroscopy from biochips are the basis for a novel method of fast, continuous, and contact-free analysis of cell viability and real-time monitoring of cell growth. The technique thus paves the way for a robust and reliable high-throughput analysis of biochip-embedded cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gröger
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena University Hospital Jena Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Lange
- fzmb Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology Bad Langensalza Germany
| | - Knut Rennert
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena University Hospital Jena Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Hoffmann
- fzmb Research Centre of Medical Technology and Biotechnology Bad Langensalza Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care Jena University Hospital Jena Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry II Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
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15
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Fabrication and Characterization of Heparin/Collagen Sponge for in Vitro Differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocytes. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.40599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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16
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McCarty WJ, Usta OB, Yarmush ML. A Microfabricated Platform for Generating Physiologically-Relevant Hepatocyte Zonation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26868. [PMID: 27240736 PMCID: PMC4886516 DOI: 10.1038/srep26868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro liver models have been important tools for more than 40 years for academic research and preclinical toxicity screening by the pharmaceutical industry. Hepatocytes, the highly metabolic parenchymal cells of the liver, are efficient at different metabolic chemistries depending on their relative spatial location along the sinusoid from the portal triad to the central vein. Although replicating hepatocyte metabolic zonation is vitally important for physiologically-relevant in vitro liver tissue and organ models, it is most often completely overlooked. Here, we demonstrate the creation of spatially-controlled zonation across multiple hepatocyte metabolism levels through the application of precise concentration gradients of exogenous hormone (insulin and glucagon) and chemical (3-methylcholanthrene) induction agents in a microfluidic device. Observed gradients in glycogen storage via periodic acid-Schiff staining, urea production via carbamoyl phosphatase synthetase I staining, and cell viability after exposure to allyl alcohol and acetaminophen demonstrated the in vitro creation of hepatocyte carbohydrate, nitrogen, alcohol degradation, and drug conjugation metabolic zonation. This type of advanced control system will be crucial for studies evaluating drug metabolism and toxicology using in vitro constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J McCarty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Nantasanti S, Spee B, Kruitwagen HS, Chen C, Geijsen N, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Pelaez N, Fieten H, Wubbolts RW, Grinwis GC, Chan J, Huch M, Vries RRG, Clevers H, de Bruin A, Rothuizen J, Penning LC, Schotanus BA. Disease Modeling and Gene Therapy of Copper Storage Disease in Canine Hepatic Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:895-907. [PMID: 26455412 PMCID: PMC4649105 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of 3D-liver stem cell cultures (hepatic organoids) opens up new avenues for gene and/or stem cell therapy to treat liver disease. To test safety and efficacy, a relevant large animal model is essential but not yet established. Because of its shared pathologies and disease pathways, the dog is considered the best model for human liver disease. Here we report the establishment of a long-term canine hepatic organoid culture allowing undifferentiated expansion of progenitor cells that can be differentiated toward functional hepatocytes. We show that cultures can be initiated from fresh and frozen liver tissues using Tru-Cut or fine-needle biopsies. The use of Wnt agonists proved important for canine organoid proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that successful gene supplementation in hepatic organoids of COMMD1-deficient dogs restores function and can be an effective means to cure copper storage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathidpak Nantasanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Pelaez
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W Wubbolts
- Centre for Cellular Imaging (CCI), Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands
| | - Guy C Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Robert R G Vries
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CL, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands.
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18
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McCarty WJ, Prodanov L, Bale SS, Bhushan A, Jindal R, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Layer-by-layer Collagen Deposition in Microfluidic Devices for Microtissue Stabilization. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26485274 DOI: 10.3791/53078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microfluidics provides exquisite control of the cellular microenvironment, culturing cells within microfluidic devices can be challenging. 3D culture of cells in collagen type I gels helps to stabilize cell morphology and function, which is necessary for creating microfluidic tissue models in microdevices. Translating traditional 3D culture techniques for tissue culture plates to microfluidic devices is often difficult because of the limited channel dimensions. In this method, we describe a technique for modifying native type I collagen to generate polycationic and polyanionic collagen solutions that can be used with layer-by-layer deposition to create ultrathin collagen assemblies on top of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. These thin collagen layers stabilize cell morphology and function, as shown using primary hepatocytes as an example cell, allowing for the long term culture of microtissues in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J McCarty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston
| | - Ljupcho Prodanov
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston
| | - Shyam Sundhar Bale
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston
| | - Rohit Jindal
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston;
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston;
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19
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Chen P, Güven S, Usta OB, Yarmush ML, Demirci U. Biotunable acoustic node assembly of organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1937-43. [PMID: 26149464 PMCID: PMC4731612 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering of 3D microtissues from cell spheroids is demonstrated by employing the vibration of acoustic standing waves and its hydrodynamic effect at the bottom of a liquid-carrier chamber. A large number of cell spheroids (>10(4) ) are assembled in seconds into a closely packed structure in a scaffold-free fashion under nodal pattern of the standing waves in a fluidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Sinan Güven
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Osman Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA, 02114
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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20
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Prodanov L, Jindal R, Bale SS, Hegde M, McCarty WJ, Golberg I, Bhushan A, Yarmush ML, Usta OB. Long-term maintenance of a microfluidic 3D human liver sinusoid. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:241-6. [PMID: 26152452 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of long-term human organotypic liver-on-a-chip models for successful prediction of toxic response is one of the most important and urgent goals of the NIH/DARPA's initiative to replicate and replace chronic and acute drug testing in animals. For this purpose, we developed a microfluidic chip that consists of two microfluidic chambers separated by a porous membrane. The aim of this communication is to demonstrate the recapitulation of a liver sinusoid-on-a-chip, using human cells only for a period of 28 days. Using a step-by-step method for building a 3D microtissue on-a-chip, we demonstrate that an organotypic in vitro model that reassembles the liver sinusoid microarchitecture can be maintained successfully for a period of 28 days. In addition, higher albumin synthesis (synthetic) and urea excretion (detoxification) were observed under flow compared to static cultures. This human liver-on-a-chip should be further evaluated in drug-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljupcho Prodanov
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts
| | - Rohit Jindal
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts
| | - Shyam Sundhar Bale
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts
| | - Manjunath Hegde
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts
| | - William J McCarty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts
| | - Inna Golberg
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, 08854, New Jersey.
| | - Osman Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, 02144, Massachusetts.
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21
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Usta OB, McCarty WJ, Bale S, Hegde M, Jindal R, Bhushan A, Golberg I, Yarmush ML. Microengineered cell and tissue systems for drug screening and toxicology applications: Evolution of in-vitro liver technologies. TECHNOLOGY 2015; 3:1-26. [PMID: 26167518 PMCID: PMC4494128 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547815300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The liver performs many key functions, the most prominent of which is serving as the metabolic hub of the body. For this reason, the liver is the focal point of many investigations aimed at understanding an organism's toxicological response to endogenous and exogenous challenges. Because so many drug failures have involved direct liver toxicity or other organ toxicity from liver generated metabolites, the pharmaceutical industry has constantly sought superior, predictive in-vitro models that can more quickly and efficiently identify problematic drug candidates before they incur major development costs, and certainly before they are released to the public. In this broad review, we present a survey and critical comparison of in-vitro liver technologies along a broad spectrum, but focus on the current renewed push to develop "organs-on-a-chip". One prominent set of conclusions from this review is that while a large body of recent work has steered the field towards an ever more comprehensive understanding of what is needed, the field remains in great need of several key advances, including establishment of standard characterization methods, enhanced technologies that mimic the in-vivo cellular environment, and better computational approaches to bridge the gap between the in-vitro and in-vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - W J McCarty
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - S Bale
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M Hegde
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - R Jindal
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - A Bhushan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - I Golberg
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, 51 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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22
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Latimer JJ, Majekwana VJ, Pabón-Padín YR, Pimpley MR, Grant SG. Regulation and disregulation of mammalian nucleotide excision repair: a pathway to nongermline breast carcinogenesis. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:493-500. [PMID: 25393451 DOI: 10.1111/php.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an important modulator of disease, especially in constitutive deficiencies such as the cancer predisposition syndrome Xeroderma pigmentosum. We have found profound variation in NER capacity among normal individuals, between cell-types and during carcinogenesis. NER is a repair system for many types of DNA damage, and therefore many types of genotoxic carcinogenic exposures, including ultraviolet light, products of organic combustion, metals and oxidative stress. Because NER is intimately related to cellular metabolism, requiring components of both the DNA replicative and transcription machinery, it has a narrow range of functional viability. Thus, genes in the NER pathway are expressed at the low levels manifested by, for example, nuclear transcription factors. As NER activity and gene expression vary by cell-type, it is inherently epigenetically regulated. Furthermore, this epigenetic modulation is disregulated during sporadic breast carcinogenesis. Loss of NER is one basis of genomic instability, a required element in cellular transformation, and one that potentially influences response to therapy. In this study, we demonstrate differences in NER capacity in eight adult mouse tissues, and place this result into the context of our previous work on mouse extraembryonic tissues, normal human tissues and sporadic early stage human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean J Latimer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL
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