1
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Yi L, Guo X, Liu Y, Jirimutu, Wang Z. Single-cell 5' RNA sequencing of camelid peripheral B cells provides insights into cellular basis of heavy-chain antibody production. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:1705-1714. [PMID: 38689719 PMCID: PMC11059136 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Camelids produce both conventional tetrameric antibodies (Abs) and dimeric heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs). Although B cells that generate these two types of Abs exhibit distinct B cell receptors (BCRs), whether these two B cell populations differ in their phenotypes and developmental processes remains unclear. Here, we performed single-cell 5' RNA profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from Bactrian camels before and after immunization. We characterized the functional subtypes and differentiation trajectories of circulating B cells in camels, and reconstructed single-cell BCR sequences. We found that in contrast to humans, the proportion of T-bet+ B cells was high among camelid peripheral B cells. Several marker genes of human B cell subtypes, including CD27 and IGHD, were expressed at low levels in the corresponding camel B cell subtypes. Camelid B cells expressing variable genes of HACbs (VHH) were widely present in various functional subtypes and showed highly overlapping differentiation trajectories with B cells expressing variable genes of conventional Abs (VH). After immunization, the transcriptional changes in VHH+ and VH+ B cells were largely consistent. Through structure modeling, we identified a variety of scaffold types among the reconstructed VHH sequences. Our study provides insights into the cellular context of HCAb production in camels and lays the foundation for developing single-B cell-based camelid single-domain Ab screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
| | - Xin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuexing Liu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jirimutu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China
- Inner Mongolia China-Kazakhstan Camel Research Institute, Alxa 750306, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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2
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Weng D, Yang L, Xie Y. Engineering and characterization of GFP-targeting nanobody: Expression, purification, and post-translational modification analysis. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 221:106501. [PMID: 38782081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanobodies are single-variable domain antibodies with excellent properties, which are evolving as versatile tools to guide cognate antigens in vitro and in vivo for biological research, diagnosis, and treatment. Given their simple structure, nanobodies are readily produced in multiple systems. However, selecting an appropriate expression system is crucial because different conditions might cause proteins to produce different folds or post-translational modifications (PTMs), and these differences often result in different functions. At present, the strategies of PTMs are rarely reported. The GFP nanobody can specifically target the GFP protein. Here, we engineered a GFP nanobody fused with 6 × His tag and Fc tag, respectively, and expressed in bacteria and mammalian cells. The 6 × His-GFP-nanobody was produced from Escherichia coli at high yields and the pull-down assay indicated that it can precipitate the GFP protein. Meanwhile, the Fc-GFP-nanobody can be expressed in HEK293T cells, and the co-immunoprecipitation experiment can trace and target the GFP-tagged protein in vivo. Furthermore, some different PTMs in antigen-binding regions have been identified after using mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze the GFP nanobodies, which are expressed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In this study, a GFP nanobody was designed, and its binding ability was verified by using the eukaryotic and prokaryotic protein expression systems. In addition, this GFP nanobody was transformed into a useful instrument for more in-depth functional investigations of GFP fusion proteins. MS was further used to explore the reason for the difference in binding ability, providing a novel perspective for the study of GFP nanobodies and protein expression purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunchu Weng
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lin Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yajun Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhang P, Wan Y, Chang G, Xu X, Ruan F, Zhou T, Zhao Q, Zhang M, Wang X. Facile construction of sandwich ELISA based on double-nanobody for specific detection of α-hemolysin in food samples. Talanta 2024; 274:126021. [PMID: 38569370 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
α-hemolysin (Hla), a toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), has been proved to be involved in the occurrence and aggravation of food poisoning. Hence, it is quite essential to establish its rapid detection methods to guarantee food safety. Sandwich ELISA based on nanobody is well known to be viable for toxins, but there is absence of nanobody against Hla, let alone a pair for it. Therefore, in this paper, we screened specific nanobodies by bio-panning and obtained the optimal nanobody pair for sandwich ELISA firstly. Then, RANbody, a novel nanobody owning both recognition and catalytic capability, is generated in a single step and at low cost through molecular recombination technology. Subsequently, sandwich ELISA was developed to detect Hla based on the nanobody and RANbody, that not only eliminated the use of secondary antibodies and animal-derived antibody, but also reduced detection time and cost, compared with traditional sandwich ELISA. Lastly, the performance has been evaluated, especially for specificity which showed no response to other hemolysins and a low limit of detection of 10 ng/mL. Besides, the proposed sandwich ELISA exhibits favorable feasibility and was successfully employed for the detection of Hla in milk and pork samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangli Wan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhong Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqian Ruan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Bessonne M, Morel J, Nevers Q, Da Costa B, Ballandras-Colas A, Chenavier F, Grange M, Roussel A, Crépin T, Delmas B. Antiviral activity of intracellular nanobodies targeting the influenza virus RNA-polymerase core. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011642. [PMID: 38875296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses transcribe and replicate their genome in the nucleus of the infected cells, two functions that are supported by the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (FluPol). FluPol displays structural flexibility related to distinct functional states, from an inactive form to conformations competent for replication and transcription. FluPol machinery is constituted by a structurally-invariant core comprising the PB1 subunit stabilized with PA and PB2 domains, whereas the PA endonuclease and PB2 C-domains can pack in different configurations around the core. To get insights into the functioning of FluPol, we selected single-domain nanobodies (VHHs) specific of the influenza A FluPol core. When expressed intracellularly, some of them exhibited inhibitory activity on type A FluPol, but not on the type B one. The most potent VHH (VHH16) binds PA and the PA-PB1 dimer with an affinity below the nanomolar range. Ectopic intracellular expression of VHH16 in virus permissive cells blocks multiplication of different influenza A subtypes, even when induced at late times post-infection. VHH16 was found to interfere with the transport of the PA-PB1 dimer to the nucleus, without affecting its handling by the importin β RanBP5 and subsequent steps in FluPol assembly. Using FluPol mutants selected after passaging in VHH16-expressing cells, we identified the VHH16 binding site at the interface formed by PA residues with the N-terminus of PB1, overlapping or close to binding sites of two host proteins, ANP32A and RNA-polymerase II RPB1 subunit which are critical for virus replication and transcription, respectively. These data suggest that the VHH16 neutralization is likely due to several activities, altering the import of the PA-PB1 dimer into the nucleus as well as inhibiting specifically virus transcription and replication. Thus, the VHH16 binding site represents a new Achilles' heel for FluPol and as such, a potential target for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Bessonne
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie moléculaires, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jessica Morel
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie moléculaires, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Quentin Nevers
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie moléculaires, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie moléculaires, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Florian Chenavier
- Institut de biologie structurale, CNRS, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Magali Grange
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), CNRS, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires (LISM), CNRS, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Thibaut Crépin
- Institut de biologie structurale, CNRS, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Delmas
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie moléculaires, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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5
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Nemecz D, Nowak WA, Nemecz Á. VHH Nanobody Versatility against Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8502-8518. [PMID: 38829690 PMCID: PMC11181324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels provide rapid chemical-electrical signal transmission between cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. Their dysfunction is associated with many nervous system disorders. They are composed of five identical (homomeric receptors) or homologous (heteromeric receptors) subunits. VHH nanobodies, or single-chain antibodies, are the variable domain, VHH, of antibodies that are composed of the heavy chain only from camelids. Their unique structure results in many specific biochemical and biophysical properties that make them an excellent alternative to conventional antibodies. This Perspective explores the published VHH nanobodies which have been isolated against pentameric ligand-gated ion channel subfamilies. It outlines the genetic and chemical modifications available to alter nanobody function. An assessment of the available functional and structural data indicate that it is feasible to create therapeutic agents and impart, through their modification, a given desired modulatory effect of its target receptor for current stoichiometric-specific VHH nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Nemecz
- Biochemistry
Department, Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Weronika A. Nowak
- Biochemistry
Department, Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Ákos Nemecz
- Biochemistry
Department, Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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6
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Jia Y, Zhu M, Zhang X, Jia D, Tian T, Shi B, Ru Z, Ma H, Wan Y, Wei Q. Nanobody-Based Microfluidic Immunosensor Chip Using Tetraphenylethylene-Derived Covalent Organic Frameworks as Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence Emitters for the Detection of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38858219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this letter, a sensitive microfluidic immunosensor chip was developed using tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)ethene (TPE)-derived covalent organic frameworks (T-COF) as aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) emitters and nanobodies as efficient immune recognition units for the detection of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a novel target of asthma. The internal rotation and vibration of TPE molecules were constrained within the framework structure, forcing nonradiative relaxation to convert into pronounced radiative transitions. A camel-derived nanobody exhibited superior specificity, higher residual activity and epitope recognition postcuring compared to monoclonal antibodies. Benefiting from the affinity between silver ions (Ag+) and cytosine (C), a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) embedded with Ag+ was modified onto the surface of TSLP. A positive correlation was obtained between the TSLP concentration (1.00 pg/mL to 4.00 ng/mL) and ECL intensity, as Ag+ was confirmed to be an excellent accelerator of the generation of free radical species. We propose that utilizing COF to constrain luminescent molecules and trigger the AIECL phenomenon is another promising method for preparing signal tags to detect low-abundance disease-related markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Dehao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Binnan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Ru
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yakun Wan
- Shanghai Novamab Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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7
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Alfadhli A, Bates TA, Barklis RL, Romanaggi C, Tafesse FG, Barklis E. A Nanobody Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Allows the Versatile Targeting of Lentivirus Vectors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597774. [PMID: 38895228 PMCID: PMC11185593 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
While investigating methods to target gene delivery vectors to specific cell types, we examined the potential of using a nanobody against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor binding domain to direct lentivirus infection of Spike-expressing cells. Using three different approaches, we found that lentiviruses with surface-exposed nanobody domains selectively infect Spike-expressing cells. The targeting is dependent on the fusion function of Spike, and conforms to a model in which nanobody binding to the Spike protein triggers the Spike fusion machinery. The nanobody-Spike interaction also is capable of directing cell-cell fusion, and the selective infection of nanobody-expressing cells by Spike-pseudotyped lentivirus vectors. Significantly, cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 are efficiently and selectively infected by lentivirus vectors pseudotyped with a chimeric nanobody protein. Our results suggest that cells infected by any virus that forms syncytia may be targeted for gene delivery using an appropriate nanobody or virus receptor mimic. Vectors modified in this fashion may prove useful in the delivery of immunomodulators to infected foci to mitigate the effects of viral infections. IMPORTANCE We have discovered that lentiviruses decorated on their surfaces with a nanobody against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein selectively infect Spike-expressing cells. Infection is dependent on the specificity of the nanobody and the fusion function of the Spike protein, and conforms to a reverse fusion model, in which nanobody binding to Spike triggers the Spike fusion machinery. The nanobody-Spike interaction also can drive cell-cell fusion, and infection of nanobody-expressing cells with viruses carrying the Spike protein. Importantly, cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 are selectively infected with nanobody-decorated lentiviruses. These results suggest that cells infected by any virus that expresses an active receptor-binding fusion protein may be targeted by vectors for delivery of cargoes to mitigate infections.
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8
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Jiang D, Chen R, Wang L, Xu G. Screening, expression and anti-tumor functional identification of anti-LAG-3 nanobodies. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 222:106522. [PMID: 38851552 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen and obtain specific anti-lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) nanobody sequences, purify and express recombinant anti-LAG3 nanobody, and verify its effect on promoting T cells to kill tumor cells. METHODS Based on the camel derived natural nanobody phage display library constructed by the research group, the biotinylated LAG3 antigen was used as the target, and the anti-LAG3 nanobody sequences were screened by biotin-streptavidin liquid phase screening, phage-ELISA and sequencing. The sequence-conjμgated human IgG1 Fc fragment was obtained, the recombinant anti-LAG3 nanobody expression vector was constructed, the expression of the recombinant anti-LAG3 nanobody was induced by IPTG and purified, and the characteristics and functions of the recombinant anti-LAG3 nanobody were verified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, cytotoxicity assay, etc. RESULTS: One anti-LAG3 nanobody sequence was successfully screened, and the corresponding recombinant anti-LAG3 nanobody-expressing bacteria were constructed. The results of SDS-PAGE, Western blot and cytotoxicity assay showed that the recombinant anti-LAG3 nanobody was successfully expressed, which was specific, and it could promote the killing ability of T cells against tumor cells, and the optimal concentration was 200 μg/mL. CONCLUSION The recombinant anti-LAG3 nanobody screened and expressed has specific and auxiliary anti-tumor cell effects, which lays a foundation for its subsequent application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Ningxia Chinese Medicine Research Centre, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750000, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Therapy, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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9
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Eden T, Schaffrath AZ, Wesolowski J, Stähler T, Tode N, Richter N, Schäfer W, Hambach J, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Woens J, Le Gall CM, Wendler S, Linke-Winnebeck C, Stobbe M, Budnicki I, Wanney A, Heitz Y, Schimmelpfennig L, Schweitzer L, Zimmer D, Stahl E, Seyfried F, Gebhardt AJ, Dieckow L, Riecken K, Fehse B, Bannas P, Magnus T, Verdoes M, Figdor CG, Hartlepp KF, Schleer H, Füner J, Tomas NM, Haag F, Rissiek B, Mann AM, Menzel S, Koch-Nolte F. Generation of nanobodies from transgenic 'LamaMice' lacking an endogenous immunoglobulin repertoire. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4728. [PMID: 38830864 PMCID: PMC11148044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their exceptional solubility and stability, nanobodies have emerged as powerful building blocks for research tools and therapeutics. However, their generation in llamas is cumbersome and costly. Here, by inserting an engineered llama immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus into IgH-deficient mice, we generate a transgenic mouse line, which we refer to as 'LamaMouse'. We demonstrate that LamaMice solely express llama IgH molecules without association to Igκ or λ light chains. Immunization of LamaMice with AAV8, the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, IgE, IgG2c, and CLEC9A enabled us to readily select respective target-specific nanobodies using classical hybridoma and phage display technologies, single B cell screening, and direct cloning of the nanobody-repertoire into a mammalian expression vector. Our work shows that the LamaMouse represents a flexible and broadly applicable platform for a facilitated selection of target-specific nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eden
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alessa Z Schaffrath
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janusz Wesolowski
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stähler
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Tode
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Richter
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hambach
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Woens
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Camille M Le Gall
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Wendler
- ChromoTek GmbH, Martinsried, Germany - A part of Proteintech Group, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Martina Stobbe
- ChromoTek GmbH, Martinsried, Germany - A part of Proteintech Group, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabienne Seyfried
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna J Gebhardt
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Dieckow
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus F Hartlepp
- ChromoTek GmbH, Martinsried, Germany - A part of Proteintech Group, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicola M Tomas
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna M Mann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Core Facility Nanobodies, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Rizk SS, Moustafa DM, ElBanna SA, Nour El-Din HT, Attia AS. Nanobodies in the fight against infectious diseases: repurposing nature's tiny weapons. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:209. [PMID: 38771414 PMCID: PMC11108896 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanobodies are the smallest known antigen-binding molecules to date. Their small size, good tissue penetration, high stability and solubility, ease of expression, refolding ability, and negligible immunogenicity in the human body have granted them excellence over conventional antibodies. Those exceptional attributes of nanobodies make them promising candidates for various applications in biotechnology, medicine, protein engineering, structural biology, food, and agriculture. This review presents an overview of their structure, development methods, advantages, possible challenges, and applications with special emphasis on infectious diseases-related ones. A showcase of how nanobodies can be harnessed for applications including neutralization of viruses and combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria is detailed. Overall, the impact of nanobodies in vaccine design, rapid diagnostics, and targeted therapies, besides exploring their role in deciphering microbial structures and virulence mechanisms are highlighted. Indeed, nanobodies are reshaping the future of infectious disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha S Rizk
- Microbiology and Immunology Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Dina M Moustafa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Shahira A ElBanna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanzada T Nour El-Din
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Attia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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11
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Rödström KEJ, Cloake A, Sörmann J, Baronina A, Smith KHM, Pike ACW, Ang J, Proks P, Schewe M, Holland-Kaye I, Bushell SR, Elliott J, Pardon E, Baukrowitz T, Owens RJ, Newstead S, Steyaert J, Carpenter EP, Tucker SJ. Extracellular modulation of TREK-2 activity with nanobodies provides insight into the mechanisms of K2P channel regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4173. [PMID: 38755204 PMCID: PMC11099193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels of the Two-Pore Domain (K2P) subfamily, KCNK1-KCNK18, play crucial roles in controlling the electrical activity of many different cell types and represent attractive therapeutic targets. However, the identification of highly selective small molecule drugs against these channels has been challenging due to the high degree of structural and functional conservation that exists not only between K2P channels, but across the whole K+ channel superfamily. To address the issue of selectivity, here we generate camelid antibody fragments (nanobodies) against the TREK-2 (KCNK10) K2P K+ channel and identify selective binders including several that directly modulate channel activity. X-ray crystallography and CryoEM data of these nanobodies in complex with TREK-2 also reveal insights into their mechanisms of activation and inhibition via binding to the extracellular loops and Cap domain, as well as their suitability for immunodetection. These structures facilitate design of a biparatropic inhibitory nanobody with markedly improved sensitivity. Together, these results provide important insights into TREK channel gating and provide an alternative, more selective approach to modulation of K2P channel activity via their extracellular domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E J Rödström
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Cloake
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janina Sörmann
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Agnese Baronina
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn H M Smith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashley C W Pike
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jackie Ang
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Proks
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcus Schewe
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Simon R Bushell
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenna Elliott
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Baukrowitz
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raymond J Owens
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Newstead
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth P Carpenter
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Stephen J Tucker
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Bauernfeind C, Zettl I, Ivanova T, Goryainova O, Weijler AM, Pranz B, Drescher A, Focke-Tejkl M, Pavkov-Keller T, Eckl-Dorna J, Tillib SV, Flicker S. Trimeric Bet v 1-specific nanobodies cause strong suppression of IgE binding. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343024. [PMID: 38784378 PMCID: PMC11112410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Around 20% of the population in Northern and Central Europe is affected by birch pollen allergy, with the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 as the main elicitor of allergic reactions. Together with its cross-reactive allergens from related trees and foods, Bet v 1 causes an impaired quality of life. Hence, new treatment strategies were elaborated, demonstrating the effectiveness of blocking IgG antibodies on Bet v 1-induced IgE-mediated reactions. A recent study provided evidence for the first time that Bet v 1-specific nanobodies reduce patients´ IgE binding to Bet v 1. In order to increase the potential to outcompete IgE recognition of Bet v 1 and to foster cross-reactivity and cross-protection, we developed Bet v 1-specific nanobody trimers and evaluated their capacity to suppress polyclonal IgE binding to corresponding allergens and allergen-induced basophil degranulation. Methods Nanobody trimers were engineered by adding isoleucine zippers, thus enabling trimeric formation. Trimers were analyzed for their cross-reactivity, binding kinetics to Bet v 1, and related allergens, and patients' IgE inhibition potential. Finally, their efficacy to prevent basophil degranulation was investigated. Results Trimers showed enhanced recognition of cross-reactive allergens and increased efficiency to reduce IgE-allergen binding compared to nanobody monomers. Furthermore, trimers displayed slow dissociation rates from allergens and suppressed allergen-induced mediator release. Conclusion We generated high-affine nanobody trimers that target Bet v 1 and related allergens. Trimers blocked IgE-allergen interaction by competing with IgE for allergen binding. They inhibited IgE-mediated release of biological mediators, demonstrating a promising potential to prevent allergic reactions caused by Bet v 1 and relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Bauernfeind
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Zettl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana Goryainova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pranz
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhu N, Smallwood PM, Rattner A, Chang TH, Williams J, Wang Y, Nathans J. Utility of protein-protein binding surfaces composed of anti-parallel alpha-helices and beta-sheets selected by phage display. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107283. [PMID: 38608728 PMCID: PMC11107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 3 decades, a diverse collection of small protein domains have been used as scaffolds to generate general purpose protein-binding reagents using a variety of protein display and enrichment technologies. To expand the repertoire of scaffolds and protein surfaces that might serve this purpose, we have explored the utility of (i) a pair of anti-parallel alpha-helices in a small highly disulfide-bonded 4-helix bundle, the CC4 domain from reversion-inducing Cysteine-rich Protein with Kazal Motifs and (ii) a concave beta-sheet surface and two adjacent loops in the human FN3 domain, the scaffold for the widely used monobody platform. Using M13 phage display and next generation sequencing, we observe that, in both systems, libraries of ∼30 million variants contain binding proteins with affinities in the low μM range for baits corresponding to the extracellular domains of multiple mammalian proteins. CC4- and FN3-based binding proteins were fused to the N- and/or C-termini of Fc domains and used for immunostaining of transfected cells. Additionally, FN3-based binding proteins were inserted into VP1 of AAV to direct AAV infection to cells expressing a defined surface receptor. Finally, FN3-based binding proteins were inserted into the Pvc13 tail fiber protein of an extracellular contractile injection system particle to direct protein cargo delivery to cells expressing a defined surface receptor. These experiments support the utility of CC4 helices B and C and of FN3 beta-strands C, D, and F together with adjacent loops CD and FG as surfaces for engineering general purpose protein-binding reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Philip M Smallwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tao-Hsin Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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14
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Wang J, Shi B, Chen H, Yu M, Wang P, Qian Z, Hu K, Wang J. Engineered Multivalent Nanobodies Efficiently Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BA.1, BA.4/5, XBB.1 and BQ.1.1. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:417. [PMID: 38675799 PMCID: PMC11054741 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Most available neutralizing antibodies are ineffective against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Therefore, it is crucial to develop potent and broad-spectrum alternatives to effectively manage Omicron subvariants. Here, we constructed a high-diversity nanobody phage display library and identified nine nanobodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). Five of them exhibited cross-neutralization activity against the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strain and the Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.4/5, and one nanobody demonstrated marked efficacy even against the Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. To enhance the therapeutic potential, we engineered a panel of multivalent nanobodies with increased neutralizing potency and breadth. The most potent multivalent nanobody, B13-B13-B13, cross-neutralized all tested pseudoviruses, with a geometric mean of the 50% inhibitory concentration (GM IC50) value of 20.83 ng/mL. An analysis of the mechanism underlying the enhancement of neutralization breadth by representative multivalent nanobodies demonstrated that the strategic engineering approach of combining two or three nanobodies into a multivalent molecule could improve the affinity between a single nanobody and spike, and could enhance tolerance toward escape mutations such as R346T and N460K. Our engineered multivalent nanobodies may be promising drug candidates for treating and preventing infection with Omicron subvariants and even future variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bingjie Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hanyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhaohui Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Keping Hu
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Andes Antibody Technology Hengshui LL Company, Hengshui 053000, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518118, China
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15
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Li J, Zhou B, Wang S, Ouyang J, Jiang X, Wang C, Zhou T, Zheng KW, Wang J, Wang J. Development of a Human B7-H3-Specific Antibody with Activity against Colorectal Cancer Cells through a Synthetic Nanobody Library. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:381. [PMID: 38671802 PMCID: PMC11047927 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies have emerged as promising tools in biomedicine due to their single-chain structure and inherent stability. They generally have convex paratopes, which potentially prefer different epitope sites in an antigen compared to traditional antibodies. In this study, a synthetic phage display nanobody library was constructed and used to identify nanobodies targeting a tumor-associated antigen, the human B7-H3 protein. Combining next-generation sequencing and single-clone validation, two nanobodies were identified to specifically bind B7-H3 with medium nanomolar affinities. Further characterization revealed that these two clones targeted a different epitope compared to known B7-H3-specific antibodies, which have been explored in clinical trials. Furthermore, one of the clones, dubbed as A6, exhibited potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against a colorectal cancer cell line with an EC50 of 0.67 nM, upon conversion to an Fc-enhanced IgG format. These findings underscore a cost-effective strategy that bypasses the lengthy immunization process, offering potential rapid access to nanobodies targeting unexplored antigenic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Bingjie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Shiting Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayi Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Shenzhen Qiyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Teng Zhou
- School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Ke-wei Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Junqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (J.L.); (B.Z.); (S.W.); (J.O.); (X.J.); (J.W.)
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16
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Vance DJ, Basir S, Piazza CL, Willsey GG, Haque HME, Tremblay JM, Rudolph MJ, Muriuki B, Cavacini L, Weis DD, Shoemaker CB, Mantis NJ. Single-domain antibodies reveal unique borrelicidal epitopes on the Lyme disease vaccine antigen, outer surface protein A (OspA). Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0008424. [PMID: 38470113 PMCID: PMC11003225 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00084-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Camelid-derived, single-domain antibodies (VHHs) have proven to be extremely powerful tools in defining the antigenic landscape of immunologically heterogeneous surface proteins. In this report, we generated a phage-displayed VHH library directed against the candidate Lyme disease vaccine antigen, outer surface protein A (OspA). Two alpacas were immunized with recombinant OspA serotype 1 from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain B31, in combination with the canine vaccine RECOMBITEK Lyme containing lipidated OspA. The phage library was subjected to two rounds of affinity enrichment ("panning") against recombinant OspA, yielding 21 unique VHHs within two epitope bins, as determined through competition enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with a panel of OspA-specific human monoclonal antibodies. Epitope refinement was conducted by hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry. Six of the monovalent VHHs were expressed as human IgG1-Fc fusion proteins and shown to have functional properties associated with protective human monoclonal antibodies, including B. burgdorferi agglutination, outer membrane damage, and complement-dependent borreliacidal activity. The VHHs displayed unique reactivity profiles with the seven OspA serotypes associated with B. burgdorferi genospecies in the United States and Europe consistent with there being unique epitopes across OspA serotypes that should be considered when designing and evaluating multivalent Lyme disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Vance
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Saiful Basir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Carol Lyn Piazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Graham G. Willsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Jacque M. Tremblay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Beatrice Muriuki
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Cavacini
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David D. Weis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Charles B. Shoemaker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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17
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Zhu J, Liu Q, Li L, Zhang R, Chang Y, Zhao J, Liu S, Zhao X, Chen X, Sun Y, Zhao Q. Nanobodies against African swine fever virus p72 and CD2v proteins as reagents for developing two cELISAs to detect viral antibodies. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00038-5. [PMID: 38588947 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or treatments available to combat ASFV infection in pigs. The primary means of controlling the spread of the disease is through rapid detection and subsequent elimination of infected pig. Recently, a lower virulent ASFV isolate with a deleted EP402R gene (CD2v-deleted) has been reported in China, which further complicates the control of ASFV infection in pig farms. Furthermore, an EP402R-deleted ASFV variant has been developed as a potential live attenuated vaccine candidate strain. Therefore, it is crucial to develop detection methods that can distinguish wild-type and EP402R-deleted ASFV infections. In this study, two recombinant ASFV-p72 and -CD2v proteins were expressed using a prokaryotic system and used to immunize Bactrian camels. Subsequently, eight nanobodies against ASFV-p72 and ten nanobodies against ASFV-CD2v were screened. Following the production of these nanobodies with horse radish peroxidase (HRP) fusion proteins, the ASFV-p72-Nb2-HRP and ASFV-CD2v-Nb22-HRP fusions were selected for the development of two competitive ELISAs (cELISAs) to detect anti-ASFV antibodies. The two cELISAs exhibited high sensitivity, good specificity, repeatability, and stability. The coincidence rate between the two cELISAs and commercial ELISA kits was 98.6% and 97.6%, respectively. Collectively, the two cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV demonstrated ease of operation, a low cost, and a simple production process. The two cELISAs could determine whether pigs were infected with wild-type or CD2v-deleted ASFV, and could play an important role in monitoring ASFV infections in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liuya Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Runyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yueting Chang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.
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18
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Hannula L, Kuivanen S, Lasham J, Kant R, Kareinen L, Bogacheva M, Strandin T, Sironen T, Hepojoki J, Sharma V, Saviranta P, Kipar A, Vapalahti O, Huiskonen JT, Rissanen I. Nanobody engineering for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and detection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0419922. [PMID: 38363137 PMCID: PMC10986514 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04199-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the quest for coronavirus inhibitors has inspired research on a variety of small proteins beyond conventional antibodies, including robust single-domain antibody fragments, i.e., "nanobodies." Here, we explore the potential of nanobody engineering in the development of antivirals and diagnostic tools. Through fusion of nanobody domains that target distinct binding sites, we engineered multimodular nanobody constructs that neutralize wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the Alpha and Delta variants at high potency, with IC50 values as low as 50 pM. Despite simultaneous binding to distinct epitopes, Beta and Omicron variants were more resistant to neutralization by the multimodular nanobodies, which highlights the importance of accounting for antigenic drift in the design of biologics. To further explore the applications of nanobody engineering in outbreak management, we present an assay based on fusions of nanobodies with fragments of NanoLuc luciferase that can detect sub-nanomolar quantities of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a single step. Our work showcases the potential of nanobody engineering to combat emerging infectious diseases. IMPORTANCE Nanobodies, small protein binders derived from the camelid antibody, are highly potent inhibitors of respiratory viruses that offer several advantages over conventional antibodies as candidates for specific therapies, including high stability and low production costs. In this work, we leverage the unique properties of nanobodies and apply them as building blocks for new therapeutic and diagnostic tools. We report ultra-potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibition by engineered nanobodies comprising multiple modules in structure-guided combinations and develop nanobodies that carry signal molecules, allowing rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Our results highlight the potential of engineered nanobodies in the development of effective countermeasures, both therapeutic and diagnostic, to manage outbreaks of emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Hannula
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Lasham
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mariia Bogacheva
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Saviranta
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha T. Huiskonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Rissanen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Mortelecque J, Zejneli O, Bégard S, Simões MC, ElHajjar L, Nguyen M, Cantrelle FX, Hanoulle X, Rain JC, Colin M, Gomes CM, Buée L, Landrieu I, Danis C, Dupré E. A selection and optimization strategy for single-domain antibodies targeting the PHF6 linear peptide within the tau intrinsically disordered protein. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107163. [PMID: 38484799 PMCID: PMC11007443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of variable domain of the heavy-chain of the heavy-chain-only antibodies (VHHs) as disease-modifying biomolecules in neurodegenerative disorders holds promises, including targeting of aggregation-sensitive proteins. Exploitation of their clinical values depends however on the capacity to deliver VHHs with optimal physico-chemical properties for their specific context of use. We described previously a VHH with high therapeutic potential in a family of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies. The activity of this promising parent VHH named Z70 relies on its binding within the central region of the tau protein. Accordingly, we carried out random mutagenesis followed by yeast two-hybrid screening to obtain optimized variants. The VHHs selected from this initial screen targeted the same epitope as VHH Z70 as shown using NMR spectroscopy and had indeed improved binding affinities according to dissociation constant values obtained by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The improved affinities can be partially rationalized based on three-dimensional structures and NMR data of three complexes consisting of an optimized VHH and a peptide containing the tau epitope. Interestingly, the ability of the VHH variants to inhibit tau aggregation and seeding could not be predicted from their affinity alone. We indeed showed that the in vitro and in cellulo VHH stabilities are other limiting key factors to their efficacy. Our results demonstrate that only a complete pipeline of experiments, here described, permits a rational selection of optimized VHH variants, resulting in the selection of VHH variants with higher affinities and/or acting against tau seeding in cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mortelecque
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Orgeta Zejneli
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Bégard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Margarida C Simões
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lea ElHajjar
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Marine Nguyen
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
| | | | - Morvane Colin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Cláudio M Gomes
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.
| | - Clément Danis
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Elian Dupré
- CNRS EMR9002 - BSI - Integrative Structural Biology, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.
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20
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Szunerits S, Rodrigues T, Bagale R, Happy H, Boukherroub R, Knoll W. Graphene-based field-effect transistors for biosensing: where is the field heading to? Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2137-2150. [PMID: 37269306 PMCID: PMC10239049 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials hold great promise for future applications, notably their use as biosensing channels in the field-effect transistor (FET) configuration. On the road to implementing one of the most widely used 2D materials, graphene, in FETs for biosensing, key issues such as operation conditions, sensitivity, selectivity, reportability, and economic viability have to be considered and addressed correctly. As the detection of bioreceptor-analyte binding events using a graphene-based FET (gFET) biosensor transducer is due to either graphene doping and/or electrostatic gating effects with resulting modulation of the electrical transistor characteristics, the gFET configuration as well as the surface ligands to be used have an important influence on the sensor performance. While the use of back-gating still grabs attention among the sensor community, top-gated and liquid-gated versions have started to dominate this area. The latest efforts on gFET designs for the sensing of nucleic acids, proteins and virus particles in different biofluids are presented herewith, highlighting the strategies presently engaged around gFET design and choosing the right bioreceptor for relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, 59000, Lille, France.
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria.
| | - Teresa Rodrigues
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Rupali Bagale
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Henri Happy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria
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21
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Rasheed MA, Mohy-Ud-Din R, Anwar T, Faiz M. A novel cell biological tool to explain mechanics and dynamics in fission yeast. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300605. [PMID: 38168868 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Rho guanosine triphosphatase hydrolase enzyme (GTPase) is required for the control of the actin cytoskeleton, but its activation in vivo condition is unknown. The study's goal was to find a new synthetic nanobody VHH (P-36 tagged with mNeonGreen) that interacts strongly with the Rho GTPase. We present the first novel synthetic nanobody, VHH (P-36 tagged with mNeonGreen), tested in fission yeast cells and found to have a particular interaction with Rho1GTPase. Plasmids were constructed by using of certain enzymes to digest the pDUAL-pef1a vector plasmid to produce a protein that was encoded by cloned genes. A varied VHH library was created synthetically, then transformed into yeast cells, and positive clones were chosen using chemical agents. To investigate protein interactions and cellular reactions, several studies were carried out, such as live cell imaging, growth curve analysis, coimmunoprecipitation, structural analysis, and cell therapies. Prism and RStudio were used for the statistical analysis. The presence of VHH (P-36) has no effect on the growth pattern making it an appropriate model for studying cytokinesis in vivo. According to a computational biological study, its affinity to interact with Rho1GTPase with all the complementarity-determining region (CDR) regions found on VHH (P-36) is extremely strong. We were able to track its subcellular target by localization using a fluorescent confocal microscope, ensuring the maintenance of cell polarity and morphology. Spheroplast analysis revealed a circular-shaped cell with an even distribution of Rho1 tagged VHH (P-36), indicating that the interaction occurs near the plasma membrane. The introduction of latrunculin-A (Lat-A) disrupted Rho GTPase localization, demonstrating the control over actin production, and the cell did not show evidence of mitotic phase commencement while Lat-A was present. Finally, this important biological tool can aid in our understanding of the mechanics and dynamics of cytokinesis in relation to Rho1GTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raza Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tehreem Anwar
- Lahore Medical Research Center LLP, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faiz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences BUITEMS, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
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22
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Fan W, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Duan W, Yang C, Sheng S, Wang Y, Wei X, Liu Y, Huang Y. An innovative antibody fusion protein targeting PD-L1, VEGF and TGF-β with enhanced antitumor efficacies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111698. [PMID: 38377856 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are inextricably linked to tumor progression. Mono-therapeutics of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs, e.g. antibodies against programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1, PD-1/PD-L1) is prone to immune escape while combination therapeutics tends to cause high toxicity and side effects. Therefore, using multi-functional molecules to target multiple pathways simultaneously is becoming a new strategy for cancer therapies. Here, we developed a trifunctional fusion protein, DR30206, composed of Bevacizumab (an antibody against VEGF), and a variable domain of heavy chain of heavy chain antibody (VHH) against PD-L1 and the extracellular domain (ECD) protein of TGF-β receptor II (TGF-β RII), which are fused to the N- and C-terminus of Bevacizumab, respectively. The original intention of DR30206 design was to enhance the immune responses pairs by targeting PD-L1 while inhibiting VEGF and TGF-β in the TME. Our data demonstrated that DR30206 exhibits high antigen-binding affinities and efficient blocking capabilities, the principal drivers of efficacy in antibody therapy. Furthermore, the capability of eliciting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) provides a greater possibility to enhance the immune response. Finally, in vivo experiments showed that the antitumor activity of DR30206 was superior to those of monoclonal antibody of PD-L1 or VEGF, PD-L1 and TGF-β bispecific antibody or the combination inhibition of PD-L1 and VEGF. Our findings suggest there is a great potential for DR30206 to become a therapeutic for the treatment of multiple cancer types, especially lung cancer, colon adenocarcinoma and breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonglu Chen
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhou
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Duan
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Shimei Sheng
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wei
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanshan Huang
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.
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23
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McComb S, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, Hay KA, Keller BA, Faulkes S, Rutherford M, Nguyen T, Shepherd A, Wu C, Marcil A, Aubry A, Hussack G, Pinto DM, Ryan S, Raphael S, van Faassen H, Zafer A, Zhu Q, Maclean S, Chattopadhyay A, Gurnani K, Gilbert R, Gadoury C, Iqbal U, Fatehi D, Jezierski A, Huang J, Pon RA, Sigrist M, Holt RA, Nelson BH, Atkins H, Kekre N, Yung E, Webb J, Nielsen JS, Weeratna RD. Discovery and preclinical development of a therapeutically active nanobody-based chimeric antigen receptor targeting human CD22. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200775. [PMID: 38596311 PMCID: PMC10914482 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies targeting B cell-restricted antigens CD19, CD20, or CD22 can produce potent clinical responses for some B cell malignancies, but relapse remains common. Camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs or nanobodies) are smaller, simpler, and easier to recombine than single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) used in most CARs, but fewer sdAb-CARs have been reported. Thus, we sought to identify a therapeutically active sdAb-CAR targeting human CD22. Immunization of an adult Llama glama with CD22 protein, sdAb-cDNA library construction, and phage panning yielded >20 sdAbs with diverse epitope and binding properties. Expressing CD22-sdAb-CAR in Jurkat cells drove varying CD22-specific reactivity not correlated with antibody affinity. Changing CD28- to CD8-transmembrane design increased CAR persistence and expression in vitro. CD22-sdAb-CAR candidates showed similar CD22-dependent CAR-T expansion in vitro, although only membrane-proximal epitope targeting CD22-sdAb-CARs activated direct cytolytic killing and extended survival in a lymphoma xenograft model. Based on enhanced survival in blinded xenograft studies, a lead CD22sdCAR-T was selected, achieving comparable complete responses to a benchmark short linker m971-scFv CAR-T in high-dose experiments. Finally, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry confirm tissue and cellular-level specificity of the lead CD22-sdAb. This presents a complete report on preclinical development of a novel CD22sdCAR therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott McComb
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin A. Hay
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian A. Keller
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sharlene Faulkes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Rutherford
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Hematopathology and Transfusion Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Nguyen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Shepherd
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cunle Wu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Marcil
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annie Aubry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Devanand M. Pinto
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon Ryan
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shalini Raphael
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Henk van Faassen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Zafer
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Qin Zhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Maclean
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anindita Chattopadhyay
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Komal Gurnani
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Gadoury
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy Fatehi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jez Huang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A. Pon
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mhairi Sigrist
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert A. Holt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harold Atkins
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Kekre
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Webb
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Julie S. Nielsen
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Risini D. Weeratna
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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24
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Luo NY, Minne RL, Gallant JP, Gunaratne GS, West JL, Javeri S, Robertson AJ, Lake EW, Engle JW, Mixdorf JC, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Nickel KP, Hernandez R, Kimple RJ, Baschnagel AM, LeBeau AM. Development of an Engineered Single-Domain Antibody for Targeting MET in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:389-399. [PMID: 38470611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET) receptor tyrosine kinase is upregulated or mutated in 5% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and overexpressed in multiple other cancers. We sought to develop a novel single-domain camelid antibody with high affinity for MET that could be used to deliver conjugated payloads to MET expressing cancers. From a naïve camelid variable-heavy-heavy (VHH) domain phage display library, we identified a VHH clone termed 1E7 that displayed high affinity for human MET and was cross-reactive with MET across multiple species. When expressed as a bivalent human Fc fusion protein, 1E7-Fc was found to selectively bind to EBC-1 (MET amplified) and UW-Lung 21 (MET exon 14 mutated) cell lines by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging. Next, we investigated the ability of [89Zr]Zr-1E7-Fc to detect MET expression in vivo by PET/CT imaging. [89Zr]Zr-1E7-Fc demonstrated rapid localization and high tumor uptake in both xenografts with a %ID/g of 6.4 and 5.8 for EBC-1 and UW-Lung 21 at 24 h, respectively. At the 24 h time point, clearance from secondary and nontarget tissues was also observed. Altogether, our data suggest that 1E7-Fc represents a platform technology that can be employed to potentially both image and treat MET-altered NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Y Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Rachel L Minne
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Joseph P Gallant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Jayden L West
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Saahil Javeri
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Austin J Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Eric W Lake
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Jason C Mixdorf
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Kwang P Nickel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Randall J Kimple
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Andrew M Baschnagel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
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Yao R, Zhu M, Guo Z, Shen J. Refining nanoprobes for monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:37-49. [PMID: 38364928 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a gastrointestinal immune disease that requires clear diagnosis, timely treatment, and lifelong monitoring. The diagnosis and monitoring methods of IBD mainly include endoscopy, imaging examination, and laboratory examination, which are constantly developed to achieve early definite diagnosis and accurate monitoring. In recent years, with the development of nanotechnology, the diagnosis and monitoring methods of IBD have been remarkably enriched. Nanomaterials, characterized by their minuscule dimensions that can be tailored, along with their distinctive optical, magnetic, and biodistribution properties, have emerged as valuable contrast agents for imaging and targeted agents for endoscopy. Through both active and passive targeting mechanisms, nanoparticles accumulate at the site of inflammation, thereby enhancing IBD detection. This review comprehensively outlines the existing IBD detection techniques, expounds upon the utilization of nanoparticles in IBD detection and diagnosis, and offers insights into the future potential of in vitro diagnostics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Due to their small size and unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials are widely used in the biological and medical fields. In the area of oncology and inflammatory disease, an increasing number of nanomaterials are being developed for diagnostics and drug delivery. Here, we focus on inflammatory bowel disease, an autoimmune inflammatory disease that requires early diagnosis and lifelong monitoring. Nanomaterials can be used as contrast agents to visualize areas of inflammation by actively or passively targeting them through the intestinal mucosal epithelium where gaps exist due to inflammation stimulation. In this article, we summarize the utilization of nanoparticles in inflammatory bowel disease detection and diagnosis, and offers insights into the future potential of in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchen Yao
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jun Shen
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, China.
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26
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Ziaei V, Ghassempour A, Davami F, Azarian B, Behdani M, Dabiri H, Habibi-Anbouhi M. Production and characterization of a camelid single domain anti-CD22 antibody conjugated to DM1. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:579-590. [PMID: 37129769 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) with twelve FDA approved drugs, known as a novel category of anti-neoplastic treatment created to merge the monoclonal antibody specificity with cytotoxicity effect of chemotherapy. However, despite many undeniable advantages, ADCs face certain problems, including insufficient internalization after binding, complex structures and large size of full antibodies especially in targeting of solid tumors. Camelid single domain antibody fragments (Nanobody®) offer solutions to this challenge by providing nanoscale size, high solubility and excellent stability, recombinant expression in bacteria, in vivo enhanced tissue penetration, and conjugation advantages. Here, an anti-human CD22 Nanobody was expressed in E.coli cells and conjugated to Mertansine (DM1) as a cytotoxic payload. The anti-CD22 Nanobody was expressed and purified by Ni-NTA resin. DM1 conjugated anti-CD22 Nanobody was generated by conjugation of SMCC-DM1 to Nanobody lysine groups. The conjugates were characterized using SDS-PAGE and Capillary electrophoresis (CE-SDS), RP-HPLC, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis and a competition ELISA were carried out for binding evaluation. Finally, cytotoxicity of conjugates on Raji and Jurkat cell lines was assessed. The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of conjugates was calculated 2.04 using UV spectrometry. SDS-PAGE, CE-SDS, HPLC, and mass spectrometry confirmed conjugation of DM1 to the Nanobody. The obtained results showed the anti-CD22 Nanobody cytotoxicity was enhanced almost 80% by conjugation with DM1. The binding of conjugates was similar to the non-conjugated anti-CD22 Nanobody in flow cytometry experiments. Concludingly, this study successfully suggest that the DM1 conjugated anti-CD22 Nanobody can be used as a novel tumor specific drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Ziaei
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Azarian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Bio Therapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Dabiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Zhang S, Fan Z, Liu J. Generation and characterization of nanobodies targeting GPCR. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2024; 10:22-30. [PMID: 38737476 PMCID: PMC11079602 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell membrane proteins that are important targets for drug discovery. Nanobodies, also known as VHH (variable domains of heavy chain-only antibodies, HcAbs) antibodies, are small antibody fragments derived from camelids that have gained significant attention as potential therapeutics for targeting GPCRs due to their advantages over conventional antibodies. However, there are challenges in developing nanobodies targeting GPCRs, among which epitope accessibility is the most significant because the cell membrane partially shields the GPCR surface. We developed a universal protocol for making nanobodies targeting GPCRs using the cell membrane extract of GPCR-overexpressing HEK293 cells as the llama/alpaca immunization antigen. We constructed an immune VHH library and identified nanobodies by phage display bio-panning. The monoclonal nanobodies were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified to characterize their binding potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Zhiran Fan
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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28
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Zheng YY, Zhao L, Wei XF, Sun TZ, Xu FF, Wang GX, Zhu B. Vaccine Molecule Design Based on Phage Display and Computational Modeling against Rhabdovirus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:551-562. [PMID: 38197664 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Rhabdoviruses with rich species lead a variety of high lethality and rapid transmission diseases to plants and animals around the globe. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to prevent and control virus disease. However, the key antigenic epitopes of glycoprotein being used for vaccine development are unclear. In this study, fish-derived Abs are employed for a Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) vaccine design by phage display and bioinformatics analysis. We constructed an anti-MSRV phage Ab library to screen Abs for glycoprotein segment 2 (G2) (G129-266). Four M13-phage-displayed Abs (Ab-5, Ab-7, Ab-8 and Ab-30) exhibited strong specificity to target Ag, and Ab-7 had the highest affinity with MSRV. Ab-7 (300 μg/ml) significantly increased grass carp ovary cell viability to 83.40% and significantly decreased the titer of MSRV. Molecular docking results showed that the key region of Ag-Ab interaction was located in 10ESQEFTTLTSH20 of G2. G2Ser11 and G2Gln12 were replaced with alanine, respectively, and molecular docking results showed that the Ag-Ab was nonbinding (ΔG > 0). Then, the peptide vaccine KLH-G210-20 was immunized to M. salmoides via i.p. injection. ELISA result showed that the serum Ab potency level increased significantly (p < 0.01). More importantly, the challenge test demonstrated that the peptide vaccine elicited robust protection against MSRV invasion, and the relative percentage survival reached 62.07%. Overall, this study proposed an approach for screening key epitope by combining phage display technology and bioinformatics tools to provide a reliable theoretical reference for the prevention and control of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Zi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei-Fan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Koroleva EA, Goryainova OS, Ivanova TI, Rutovskaya MV, Zigangirova NA, Tillib SV. Anti-Idiotypic Nanobodies Mimicking an Epitope of the Needle Protein of the Chlamydial Type III Secretion System for Targeted Immune Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2047. [PMID: 38396724 PMCID: PMC10889375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new approaches and drugs for effective control of the chronic and complicated forms of urogenital chlamydia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is suspected to be one of the main causes of infertility in both women and men, is an urgent task. We used the technology of single-domain antibody (nanobody) generation both for the production of targeting anti-chlamydia molecules and for the subsequent acquisition of anti-idiotypic nanobodies (ai-Nbs) mimicking the structure of a given epitope of the pathogen (the epitope of the Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Needle Protein). In a mouse model, we have shown that the obtained ai-Nbs are able to induce a narrowly specific humoral immune response in the host, leading to the generation of intrinsic anti-Chlamydia antibodies, potentially therapeutic, specifically recognizing a given antigenic epitope of Chlamydia. The immune sera derived from mice immunized with ai-Nbs are able to suppress chlamydial infection in vitro. We hypothesize that the proposed method of the creation and use of ai-Nbs, which mimic and present to the host immune system exactly the desired region of the antigen, create a fundamentally new universal approach to generating molecular structures as a part of specific vaccine for the targeted induction of immune response, especially useful in cases where it is difficult to prepare an antigen preserving the desired epitope in its native conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Koroleva
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana S. Goryainova
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Ivanova
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
| | - Marina V. Rutovskaya
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
| | - Naylia A. Zigangirova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Zhang X, Wang J, Tan Y, Chen C, Tang S, Zhao S, Qin Q, Huang H, Duan S. Nanobodies in cytokine‑mediated immunotherapy and immunoimaging (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:12. [PMID: 38063273 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are the main regulators of innate and adaptive immunity, mediating communications between the cells of the immune system and regulating biological functions, including cell motility, differentiation, growth and apoptosis. Cytokines and cytokine receptors have been used in the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases, and to intervene in cytokine storms. Indeed, the use of monoclonal antibodies to block cytokine‑receptor interactions, as well as antibody‑cytokine fusion proteins has exhibited immense potential for the treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Compared with these traditional types of antibodies, nanobodies not only maintain a high affinity and specificity, but also have the advantages of high thermal stability, a high capacity for chemical manipulation, low immunogenicity, good tissue permeability, rapid clearance and economic production. Thus, nanobodies have extensive potential for use in the diagnosis and treatment of cytokine‑related diseases. The present review summarizes the application of nanobodies in cytokine‑mediated immunotherapy and immunoimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Chaoting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Shimei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Qin
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Hansheng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
| | - Siliang Duan
- Department of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 545005, P.R. China
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31
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Braga Emidio N, Cheloha RW. Semi-synthetic nanobody-ligand conjugates exhibit tunable signaling properties and enhanced transcriptional outputs at neurokinin receptor-1. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4866. [PMID: 38088474 PMCID: PMC10806929 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies have proven highly valuable for therapeutic development; however, they are typically poor candidates for applications that require activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest collection of targets for clinically approved drugs. Nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest antibody fragments retaining full antigen-binding capacity, have emerged as promising tools for pharmacologic applications, including GPCR modulation. Past work has shown that conjugation of Nbs with ligands can provide GPCR agonists that exhibit improved activity and selectivity compared to their parent ligands. The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR targeted for the treatment of pain, is activated by peptide agonists such as Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), which induce signaling through multiple pathways (Gs , Gq and β-arrestin). In this study, we investigated whether conjugating NK1R ligands with Nbs that bind to a separate location on the receptor would provide chimeric compounds with distinctive signaling properties. We employed sortase A-mediated ligation to generate several conjugates consisting of Nbs linked to NK1R ligands. Many of these conjugates exhibited divergent and unexpected signaling properties and transcriptional outputs. For example, some Nb-NKA conjugates showed enhanced receptor binding capacity, high potency partial agonism, prolonged cAMP production, and an increase in transcriptional output associated with Gs signaling; whereas other conjugates were virtually inactive. Nanobody conjugation caused only minor alterations in ligand-induced upstream Gq signaling with unexpected enhancements in transcriptional (downstream) responses. Our findings underscore the potential of nanobody conjugation for providing compounds with advantageous properties such as biased agonism, prolonged duration of action, and enhanced transcriptional responses. These compounds hold promise not only for facilitating fundamental research on GPCR signal transduction mechanisms but also for the development of more potent and enduring therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ross W. Cheloha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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32
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Thompson MK, Sharma N, Thorn A, Prakash A. Deciphering the crystal structure of a novel nanobody against the NEIL1 DNA glycosylase. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:137-146. [PMID: 38289715 PMCID: PMC10836396 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832400038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies (VHHs) are single-domain antibodies with three antigenic CDR regions and are used in diverse scientific applications. Here, an ∼14 kDa nanobody (A5) specific for the endonuclease VIII (Nei)-like 1 or NEIL1 DNA glycosylase involved in the first step of the base-excision repair pathway was crystallized and its structure was determined to 2.1 Å resolution. The crystals posed challenges due to potential twinning and anisotropic diffraction. Despite inconclusive twinning indicators, reprocessing in an orthorhombic setting and molecular replacement in space group P21212 enabled the successful modeling of 96% of residues in the asymmetric unit, with final Rwork and Rfree values of 0.199 and 0.229, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo K Thompson
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Andrea Thorn
- Institut für Nanostruktur und Festkörperphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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Loaiza RA, Ramírez RA, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Ramírez MA, Andrade CA, Soto JA, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. A molecular perspective for the development of antibodies against the human respiratory syncytial virus. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105783. [PMID: 38145755 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading etiologic agent causing respiratory infections in infants, children, older adults, and patients with comorbidities. Sixty-seven years have passed since the discovery of hRSV, and only a few successful mitigation or treatment tools have been developed against this virus. One of these is immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against structural proteins of the virus, such as Palivizumab, the first prophylactic approach approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA. In this article, we discuss different strategies for the prevention and treatment of hRSV infection, focusing on the molecular mechanisms against each target that underly the rational design of antibodies against hRSV. At the same time, we describe the latest results regarding currently approved therapies against hRSV and the challenges associated with developing new candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Loaiza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Robinson A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Minatel VM, Prudencio CR, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS. Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303353. [PMID: 38322011 PMCID: PMC10844482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Meneghetti Minatel
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang M, Hao MC, Huangfu Y, Yang KZ, Zhang XQ, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang ZL. A Universal Aptamer for Influenza A Viruses: Selection, Recognition, and Infection Inhibition. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:249-258. [PMID: 38230279 PMCID: PMC10789145 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to develop universal inhibitors for viral inhibition due to the rapid mutation of viruses. Herein, a universal aptamer inhibitor was developed that enabled a single DNA molecule to recognize several hemeagglutinin (HA) protein subtypes, inducing broad neutralization against influenza A viruses (IAVs). Through a multi-channel enrichment (MCE) strategy, a high-affinity aptamer named UHA-2 was obtained, with its dissociation constants (Kd) for three different HA proteins being 1.5 ± 0.2 nM (H5N1), 3.7 ± 0.4 nM (H7N9), and 10.1 ± 1.1 nM (H9N2). The UHA-2 aptamer had a universal inhibition effect, by which it could broadly neutralize influenza A H5N1, H7N9, H9N2, H1N1, and H3N2 viruses. Universal aptamer inhibitors have the advantages of acquisition in vitro, stability, simple structure, small size, etc. This study not only develops a novel universal aptamer to achieve a broad inhibition effect on various IAVs, but also opens up an efficient strategy for the development of universal inhibitors against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Meng-Chan Hao
- Key
Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of
Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueyue Huangfu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ke-Zhu Yang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of
Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of
Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of
Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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36
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Tawfeeq C, Song J, Khaniya U, Madej T, Wang J, Youkharibache P, Abrol R. Towards a structural and functional analysis of the immunoglobulin-fold proteome. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 138:135-178. [PMID: 38220423 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin fold (Ig fold) domain is a super-secondary structural motif consisting of a sandwich with two layers of β-sheets that is present in many proteins with very diverse biological functions covering a wide range of physiological processes. This domain presents a modular architecture built with β strands connected by variable length loops that has a highly conserved structural core of four β-strands and quite variable β-sheet extensions in the two sandwich layers that enable both divergent and convergent evolutionary mechanisms in the known Ig fold proteome. The central role of this Ig fold's structural plasticity in the evolutionary success of antibodies in our immune system is well established. Nature has also utilized this Ig fold in all domains of life in many different physiological contexts that go way beyond the immune system. Here we will present a structural and functional overview of the utilization of the Ig fold in different biological processes and in different cellular contexts to highlight some of the innumerable ways that this structural motif can interact in multidomain proteins to enable their diversity of functions. This includes shareable specific protein structure visualizations behind those functions that serve as starting points for further explorations of the biomolecular interactions spanning the Ig fold proteome. This overview also highlights how this Ig fold is being utilized through natural adaptation, engineering, and even building from scratch for a range of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caesar Tawfeeq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, United States
| | - James Song
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Umesh Khaniya
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Thomas Madej
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jiyao Wang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Philippe Youkharibache
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.
| | - Ravinder Abrol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, United States.
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Rimbault C, Breillat C, Compans B, Toulmé E, Vicente FN, Fernandez-Monreal M, Mascalchi P, Genuer C, Puente-Muñoz V, Gauthereau I, Hosy E, Claverol S, Giannone G, Chamma I, Mackereth CD, Poujol C, Choquet D, Sainlos M. Engineering paralog-specific PSD-95 recombinant binders as minimally interfering multimodal probes for advanced imaging techniques. eLife 2024; 13:e69620. [PMID: 38167295 PMCID: PMC10803022 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the constant advances in fluorescence imaging techniques, monitoring endogenous proteins still constitutes a major challenge in particular when considering dynamics studies or super-resolution imaging. We have recently evolved specific protein-based binders for PSD-95, the main postsynaptic scaffold proteins at excitatory synapses. Since the synthetic recombinant binders recognize epitopes not directly involved in the target protein activity, we consider them here as tools to develop endogenous PSD-95 imaging probes. After confirming their lack of impact on PSD-95 function, we validated their use as intrabody fluorescent probes. We further engineered the probes and demonstrated their usefulness in different super-resolution imaging modalities (STED, PALM, and DNA-PAINT) in both live and fixed neurons. Finally, we exploited the binders to enrich at the synapse genetically encoded calcium reporters. Overall, we demonstrate that these evolved binders constitute a robust and efficient platform to selectively target and monitor endogenous PSD-95 using various fluorescence imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rimbault
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Christelle Breillat
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Benjamin Compans
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Estelle Toulmé
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Filipe Nunes Vicente
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Monica Fernandez-Monreal
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Patrice Mascalchi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Camille Genuer
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Virginia Puente-Muñoz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Isabel Gauthereau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Eric Hosy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Gregory Giannone
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Ingrid Chamma
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Christel Poujol
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
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38
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Li Q, Dou L, Zhang Y, Luo L, Yang H, Wen K, Yu X, Shen J, Wang Z. A comprehensive review on the detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food samples. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13264. [PMID: 38284582 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, cause a wide range of food poisoning and seriously threaten human health by infiltrating the food supply chain at different phases of manufacture, processes, distribution, and market. The significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus calls for efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection of SEs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the hazards of SEs in contaminated food, the characteristic and worldwide regulations of SEs, and various detection methods for SEs with extensive comparison and discussion of benefits and drawbacks, mainly including biological detection, genetic detection, and mass spectrometry detection and biosensors. We highlight the biosensors for the screening purpose of SEs, which are classified according to different recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, T-cell receptors, and transducers such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. We analyzed challenges of biosensors for the monitoring of SEs and conclude the trends for the development of novel biosensors should pay attention to improve samples pretreatment efficiency, employ innovative nanomaterials, and develop portable instruments. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, important to the development and innovation of further detection methods for SEs in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Leina Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health safety, College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, and Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
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39
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Cai J, Zang L, Wu X, Liang Z, Zheng K, Zhao L, Li H. The construction of long-acting exendin-4 analog and its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 213:106373. [PMID: 37730142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exendin-4 is a glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) analog derived from lizard venom, but its short half-life affects drug administration compliance. An anti-HSA nanobody with a smaller size to guide the peptide coupling to Human Serum Albumin(HSA) in vivo may be a feasible strategy for constructing inexpensive, long-acting exendin-4 analogs. For this purpose, a fusion protein (exendin-4-(G4S)3-sdAbHSA), in which a humanized anti-HSA nanobody to the C-terminal of exendin-4 through the (Gly4Ser)3 flexible joint, was constructed. The target gene was designed according to the preferred codons and cloned into expression vector pET21b of Escherichia coli. The fusion protein could be efficiently expressed as a soluble protein, and purified to a purity over 98% by two steps of chromatography columns. In the streptozotocin-induced mouse diabetes model, the purified product had similar hypoglycemic activity as exendin-4, but dropped to the lowest value from 1 to 2 h to more than 8-10 h. The results show that this construction form does not interfere with the binding of exendin-4 to GLP-1 receptor, and can significantly prolong its half-life in vivo. This study has important reference value for constructing long-acting exendin-4 analogs and establishing efficient and green production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Linquan Zang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xueman Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiwen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huangjin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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40
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Li Z, Jallow A, Nidiaye S, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Li P, Tang X. Improvement of the sensitivity of lateral flow systems for detecting mycotoxins: Up-to-date strategies and future perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13255. [PMID: 38284606 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are dangerous human and animal health-threatening secondary fungal metabolites that can be found in various food and agricultural products. Several countries have established regulations to restrict their presence in food and agricultural products destined for human and animal consumption. Consequently, the need to develop highly sensitive and smart detection systems was recognized worldwide. Lateral flow assay possesses the advantages of easy operation, rapidity, stability, accuracy, and specificity, and it plays an important role in the detection of mycotoxins. Nevertheless, strategies to comprehensively improve the sensitivity of lateral flow assay to mycotoxins in food have rarely been highlighted and discussed. In this article, a comprehensive overview was presented on the application of lateral flow assay in mycotoxin detection in food samples by highlighting the principle of lateral flow assay, presenting a detailed discussion on various analytical performance-improvement strategies, such as the development of high-affinity recognition reagents, immunogen immobilization methods, and signal amplification. Additionally, a detailed discussion on the various signal analyzers and interpretation approaches was provided. Finally, current hurdles and future perspectives on the application of lateral flow assay in the detection of mycotoxins were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdoulie Jallow
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Seyni Nidiaye
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oil seed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
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41
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Deng Z, Zhang S, Sun M, Yang H, Lu Y, Wang M, Fang W, Shi F, He F. Nanobodies against porcine CD163 as PRRSV broad inhibitor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127493. [PMID: 37858656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus) is a major swine pathogen causing economic losses. To the date, effective broad PRRSV inhibitory strategies have not been available in practice yet. Targeting the key viral receptor CD163 to block PRRSV entry has emerged as an alternative approach beside vaccines for PRRSV inhibition. As an effective therapeutic tool, nanoantibodies (Nbs) have been widely used in antiviral research. In this study, a phage display VHH library was constructed for the selection of Nbs against porcine CD163 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich 5-9 domain (SRCR5-9). After five rounds of bio-panning and indirect ELISA, seven CD163-specific Nbs (Nb1-Nb7) were identified. All obtained Nbs displayed strong affinity to CD163 receptor and excellent antiviral activity. In particular, Nb2 exhibited significant broad inhibitory effects on variable PRRSV lineages and downregulated virus-related NF-κB signaling. Further studies suggested that Nbs mainly exerted antiviral functions by interfering with virus attachment stage, and also decreased the transcription of CD163. The conformational epitopes recognized by Nbs were localized in the SRCR5 domain of CD163, a crucial region in PRRSV infection. Overall, our findings provide a novel insight into the biofunction of CD163 in antiviral infection and the development of broad-spectrum strategies against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofan Deng
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shengkun Zhang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Meiqi Sun
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haotian Yang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Maopeng Wang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fushan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Fang He
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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42
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Meng N, Cheng X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Sun X, Liu X, Chen J. Screening, Expression and Identification of Nanobody Against Monkeypox Virus A35R. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7173-7181. [PMID: 38076734 PMCID: PMC10710180 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s431619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The monkeypox (Mpox) virus epidemic presents a significant risk to global public health security. A35R, a crucial constituent of EEV, plays a pivotal role in virus transmission, serves as a vital target for vaccine development, and has potential for serological detection. Currently, there is a dearth of research on nanobodies targeting A35R. The purpose of this study is to identify specific nanobodies target A35R, so as to provide new antibody candidates for Mpox vaccine development and diagnostic kit development. Methods Three nanobodies specific to the monkeypox virus protein A35R were screened from a naïve phage display library. After four rounds of panning, positive phage clones were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, the nanobody fusion protein was constructed in pNFCG1-IgG1-Fc vector and expressed in HEK293F cells and purified by affinity chromatography. The specificity and affinity of the nanobodies were identified by ELISA. The binding kinetics of the VHH antibody to A35R were assessed via employment of a bio-layer interferometry (BLI) apparatus, thereby determining the nanobodies affinity. Results The three purified nanobodies showed specific high-affinity binding MPXV A35R, of them, VHH-1 had the best antigen binding affinity (EC50 = 0.010 ug/mL). In addition, VHH-1 on Protein A biosensor can bind Mpox virus A35R, with an affinity constant of 54 nM as determined in BLI assay. Conclusion In sum, we has obtained three nanobody strains against Mpox virus A35R with significant affinity and specificity, therefore laying an essential foundation for further research as well as the applications of diagnostic and therapeutic tools of Mpox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueke Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang P, Liao X, Dai Y, Yu Q, Yu G, Zhang Y, Wei J, Jing Y, Wang J, Chen P, Guo B, Wang J, Wang Y. Enhancing Oriented Immobilization Efficiency: A One-for-Two Organism-Bispecific Nanobody Scaffold for Highly Sensitive Detection of Foodborne Pathogens. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17135-17142. [PMID: 37941297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies have gained widespread application in immunoassays. However, their small size presents a significant challenge in achieving effective immobilization and optimal sensitivity. Here, we present a novel "one-for-two"-oriented immobilization platform based on an organism-bispecific nanobody (O-BsNb) scaffold, enabling highly sensitive detection of two bacterial pathogens. Through genetic engineering, a bispecific nanobody (BsNb) was engineered, targeting Salmonella spp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The O-BsNb scaffold allowed one nanobody to bind specifically to inactivated bacteria, forming an organism-oriented immobilization platform, while the other served as the capture antibody. Consequently, the O-BsNb bioscaffold-based ELISA (O-ELISA) for individual detection of S. enteritidis and V. parahaemolyticus was established. When compared to the sandwich ELISA utilizing passive immobilization of monovalent nanobodies, the O-ELISA exhibited a remarkable 13.4- and 13.7-fold improvement in LOD for S. enteritidis and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively, highlighting the enhanced immobilization efficacy of the O-ELISA. Furthermore, the feasibility and reproducibility of the assay in practical samples were meticulously evaluated, revealing exemplary performance in terms of recovery precision and assay stability. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of the O-ELISA platform for the sensitive detection of macromolecules, opening new avenues for efficient pathogen identification in foodborne safety and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xingrui Liao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yueyan Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Qingyan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Gege Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Juan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yinnan Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Bing Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
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Vester SK, Davies AM, Beavil RL, Sandhar BS, Beavil AJ, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Expanding the Anti-Phl p 7 Antibody Toolkit: An Anti-Idiotype Nanobody Inhibitor. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:75. [PMID: 37987253 PMCID: PMC10660547 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously produced a toolkit of antibodies, comprising recombinant human antibodies of all but one of the human isotypes, directed against the polcalcin family antigen Phl p 7. In this work, we complete the toolkit of human antibody isotypes with the IgD version of the anti-Phl p 7 monoclonal antibody. We also raised a set of nanobodies against the IgD anti-Phl p 7 antibody and identify and characterize one paratope-specific nanobody. This nanobody also binds to the IgE isotype of this antibody, which shares the same idiotype, and orthosterically inhibits the interaction with Phl p 7. The 2.1 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the nanobody in complex with the IgD Fab is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James M. McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London SE1 1UL, UK; (S.K.V.); (A.M.D.); (R.L.B.); (B.S.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.J.G.); (B.J.S.)
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45
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Frecot DI, Froehlich T, Rothbauer U. 30 years of nanobodies - an ongoing success story of small binders in biological research. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261395. [PMID: 37937477 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A milestone in the field of recombinant binding molecules was achieved 30 years ago with the discovery of single-domain antibodies from which antigen-binding variable domains, better known as nanobodies (Nbs), can be derived. Being only one tenth the size of conventional antibodies, Nbs feature high affinity and specificity, while being highly stable and soluble. In addition, they display accessibility to cryptic sites, low off-target accumulation and deep tissue penetration. Efficient selection methods, such as (semi-)synthetic/naïve or immunized cDNA libraries and display technologies, have facilitated the isolation of Nbs against diverse targets, and their single-gene format enables easy functionalization and high-yield production. This Review highlights recent advances in Nb applications in various areas of biological research, including structural biology, proteomics and high-resolution and in vivo imaging. In addition, we provide insights into intracellular applications of Nbs, such as live-cell imaging, biosensors and targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree I Frecot
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstrasse 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Froehlich
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Li JD, Shen X, Xu ZL, Liang YF, Shen YD, Yang JY, Wang H. Molecular Evolution of Antiparathion Nanobody with Enhanced Sensitivity and Specificity Based on Structural Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14758-14768. [PMID: 37768036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanobody (Nb) has gained significant attention in immunoassays owing to its numerous advantages, particularly its ease of molecular evolution. However, the limited understanding of how high sensitivity and specificity attained for antihapten Nbs hamper the development of high-performance Nbs. Herein, the antiparathion Nb (Nb9) we prepared previously was chosen as the model, and an approach based on X-ray crystallography, molecular docking, and rational site-directed saturation mutation for constructing a rapid and effective platform for nanobody evolution was described. Based on the structural analysis, two mutants, namely Nb-D5 (IC50 = 2.4 ± 0.2 ng/mL) and Nb-D12 (IC50 = 2.7 ± 0.1 ng/mL), were selected out from a six-sites directed saturation mutation library, 3.5-fold and 3.1-fold sensitivity enhancement over Nb9 to parathion, respectively. Besides, Nb-D12 exhibited improved sensitivity for quinalphos, triazophos, and coumaphos (5.4-35.4 ng/mL), indicating its broader detection potential. Overall, our study advances an effective strategy for the future rational evolution of Nbs with desirable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Dong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Processing and Safety Control of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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47
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Li Z, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Li P, Tang X. Self-Assembly Multivalent Fluorescence-Nanobody Coupled Multifunctional Nanomaterial with Colorimetric Fluorescence and Photothermal to Enhance Immunochromatographic Assay. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19359-19371. [PMID: 37782130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The multimodal lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has provided accurate and reliable results for fast and immediate detection. Nonetheless, multimodal LFIA remains challenging to develop biosensors with high sensitivity and tolerance to matrix interference in agro-food. In this study, we developed a self-assembled multivalent fluorescence-nanobody (Nb26-EGFP-H6) with 16.5-fold and 30-fold higher affinity and sensitivity than a monovalent nanobody (Nb26). Based on the Nb26-EGFP-H6, we synthesized enhanced immune-probes Zn-CN@Nb26-EGFP-H6 by pyrolyzing and oxidizing an imidazolating zeolite framework-8 (ZIF-8) to obtain photothermal metal-carbon nanomaterials (Zn-CN) for immobilizing Nb26-EGFP-H6. The rough and porous structure of Zn-CN with a large surface area facilitates the enrichment and immobilization of antibodies. A trimodal lateral flow immunoassay (tLFIA) with colorimetric, fluorescent, and photothermal triple signal outputs was constructed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maize. Attractively, the Zn-CN-based tLFIA's multiplex guarantees accurate and sensitive detection of AFB1, with triple signal detection limits of 0.0012 ng/mL (colorimetric signals), 0.0094 ng/mL (fluorescent signals), and 0.252 ng/mL (photothermal signals). The sensitivity of the trimode immunosensor was 628-fold and 42-fold higher than that of the original Nb26-based ELISA (IC50) and the unimodal LFIA (LOD). This work provides an idea for constructing a sensitive, tolerant matrix and efficient and accurate analytical platform for rapidly detecting AFB1 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Emidio NB, Cheloha RW. Semi-synthetic nanobody-ligand conjugates exhibit tunable signaling properties and enhanced transcriptional outputs at neurokinin receptor-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.08.561411. [PMID: 37986858 PMCID: PMC10659424 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.08.561411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies have proven highly valuable for therapeutic development; however, they are typically poor candidates for applications that require activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest collection of targets for clinically approved drugs. Nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest antibody fragments retaining full antigen-binding capacity, have emerged as promising tools for pharmacologic applications, including GPCR modulation. Past work has shown that conjugation of Nbs with ligands can provide GPCR agonists that exhibit improved activity and selectivity compared to their parent ligands. The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), a GPCR targeted for the treatment of pain, is activated by peptide agonists such as Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), which induce signaling through multiple pathways (Gs, Gq and β-arrestin). In this study, we investigated whether conjugating NK1R ligands with Nbs that bind to a separate location on the receptor would provide chimeric compounds with distinctive signaling properties. We employed sortase A-mediated ligation to generate several conjugates consisting of Nbs linked to NK1R ligands. Many of these conjugates exhibited divergent and unexpected signaling properties and transcriptional outputs. For example, some Nb-NKA conjugates showed enhanced receptor binding capacity, high potency partial agonism, prolonged cAMP production, and an increase in transcriptional output associated with Gs signaling; whereas other conjugates were virtually inactive. Nanobody conjugation caused only minor alterations in ligand-induced upstream Gq signaling with unexpected enhancements in transcriptional (downstream) responses. Our findings underscore the potential of nanobody conjugation for providing compounds with advantageous properties such as biased agonism, prolonged duration of action, and enhanced transcriptional responses. These compounds hold promise not only for facilitating fundamental research on GPCR signal transduction mechanisms but also for the development of more potent and enduring therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
| | - Ross W. Cheloha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, United States
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Zhao Y, Gan L, Ke D, Chen Q, Fu Y. Mechanisms and research advances in mRNA antibody drug-mediated passive immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:693. [PMID: 37794448 PMCID: PMC10552228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody technology is widely used in the fields of biomedical and clinical therapies. Nonetheless, the complex in vitro expression of recombinant proteins, long production cycles, and harsh storage conditions have limited their applications in medicine, especially in clinical therapies. Recently, this dilemma has been overcome to a certain extent by the development of mRNA delivery systems, in which antibody-encoding mRNAs are enclosed in nanomaterials and delivered to the body. On entering the cytoplasm, the mRNAs immediately bind to ribosomes and undergo translation and post-translational modifications. This process produces monoclonal or bispecific antibodies that act directly on the patient. Additionally, it eliminates the cumbersome process of in vitro protein expression and extends the half-life of short-lived proteins, which significantly reduces the cost and duration of antibody production. This review focuses on the benefits and drawbacks of mRNA antibodies compared with the traditional in vitro expressed antibodies. In addition, it elucidates the progress of mRNA antibodies in the prevention of infectious diseases and oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linchuan Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dangjin Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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50
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Prado NDR, Brilhante-Da-Silva N, Sousa RMO, Morais MSDS, Roberto SA, Luiz MB, Assis LCD, Marinho ACM, Araujo LFLD, Pontes RDS, Stabeli RG, Fernandes CFC, Pereira SDS. Single-domain antibodies applied as antiviral immunotherapeutics. J Virol Methods 2023; 320:114787. [PMID: 37516366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have been the cause of high mortality rates throughout different periods in history. Over the last two decades, outbreaks caused by zoonotic diseases and transmitted by arboviruses have had a significant impact on human health. The emergence of viral infections in different parts of the world encourages the search for new inputs to fight pathologies of viral origin. Antibodies represent the predominant class of new drugs developed in recent years and approved for the treatment of various human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. A promising group of antibodies are single-domain antibodies derived from camelid heavy chain immunoglobulins, or VHHs, are biomolecules with nanometric dimensions and unique pharmaceutical and biophysical properties that can be used in the diagnosis and immunotherapy of viral infections. For viral neutralization to occur, VHHs can act in different stages of the viral cycle, including the actual inhibition of infection, to hindering viral replication or assembly. This review article addresses advances involving the use of VHHs in therapeutic propositions aimed to battle different viruses that affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidiane Dantas Reis Prado
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Nairo Brilhante-Da-Silva
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Sibele Andrade Roberto
- Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Barros Luiz
- Instituto Federal de Rondônia Campus Guajará-Mirim, IFRO, Guajará-Mirim, RO, Brazil
| | - Livia Coelho de Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz unidade Ceará, Eusebio, CE, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina M Marinho
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz unidade Ceará, Eusebio, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Lemes de Araujo
- Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Souza Pontes
- Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guerino Stabeli
- Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Freire Celedonio Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz unidade Ceará, Eusebio, CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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