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Liebert MA, Urlacher SS, Madimenos FC, Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ, Harrington CJ, Bribiescas RG, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24056. [PMID: 38517108 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high-income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution. METHODS We investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2-86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post-waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output. RESULTS Age was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high-income populations. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Liebert
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia C Madimenos
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA
- New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ocobock C. Human cold adaptation: An unfinished agenda v2.0. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23937. [PMID: 37345289 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on human extreme cold climate adaptations has benefitted from a recent resurgence since Ted Steegmann laid out his Human Cold Adaptation Agenda in 2007. Human biologists have drastically expanded our knowledge in this area during the last 15 years, but we still have a great deal more work to do to fulfill the cold climate adaptation agenda. METHODS Here, I follow Steegmann's example by providing a review of cold climate adaptations and setting forth a new, expanded agenda. RESULTS I review the foundational work on cold climate adaptations including classic Bergmann, Allen, and Thomson rules as well as early work assessing metabolic differences among Indigenous cold climate populations. From there, I discuss some of the groundbreaking work currently taking place on cold climate adaptations such as brown adipose tissue (a heat generating organ), physical activity levels, metabolic rates, and behavioral/cultural mechanisms. Finally, I present a path forward for future research with a focus on some of the basic extreme cold adaptations as well as how human biologists should approach the effects of climate change on human health and well-being, particularly within a cold climate context. CONCLUSION The Arctic has felt the dramatic effects of climate change sooner and more acutely than other parts of the world, making it an ideal location for studying both cold climate adaptations and climate change resilience. Human biologists have a great deal to contribute to the conversation on not only adaptations to extreme cold, but also the ways in which climate change is being embodied by cold climate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Gender Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Institute for Educational Initiatives, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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Rosinger AY. Extreme climatic events and human biology and health: A primer and opportunities for future research. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23843. [PMID: 36449411 PMCID: PMC9840683 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme climatic events are increasing in frequency, leading to hotter temperatures, flooding, droughts, severe storms, and rising oceans. This special issue brings together a collection of seven articles that describe the impacts of extreme climatic events on a diverse set of human biology and health outcomes. The first two articles cover extreme temperatures extending from extreme heat to cold and changes in winter weather and the respective implications for adverse health events, human environmental limits, well-being, and human adaptability. Next, two articles cover the effects of exposures to extreme storms through an examination of hurricanes and cyclones on stress and birth outcomes. The following two articles describe the effects of extreme flooding events on livelihoods, nutrition, water and food insecurity, diarrheal and respiratory health, and stress. The last article examines the effects of drought on diet and food insecurity. Following a brief review of each extreme climatic event and articles covered in this special issue, I discuss future research opportunities-highlighting domains of climate change and specific research questions that are ripe for biological anthropologists to investigate. I close with a description of interdisciplinary methods to assess climate exposures and human biology outcomes to aid the investigation of the defining question of our time - how climate change will affect human biology and health. Ultimately, climate change is a water, food, and health problem. Human biologists offer a unique perspective for a combination of theoretical, methodological, and applied reasons and thus are in a prime position to contribute to this critical research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y. Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Region-related patterns of the main physical development indicators observed in northerners in the ontogenetic aspect. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indicators of physical development appear to be environmentally sensitive and thus we can consider them the main characteristics of the population health.The aim. To assess the line of physical development main variables in the ontogenetic aspect (data from the North born male subjects aged from 8 to 77).Material and methods. Three thousand seven hundred and ninety-four male Caucasians from 17 age groups were examined to analyse their physical development.Results. The study showed longer body length variables as the region-related somatometric picture which is characteristic of male Caucasian northerners in comparison with those from other regions of the Russian Federation, as well as from other countries. Besides, they exhibited significantly lower body mass index and reported to have had lower body weight since the age of 17. We can see the modern northerners’ somatotype being influenced by regional extremes. That also includes the end of the body growth processes by the start of ontogenesis in the youth. The line pattern of annual growth observed in the body length and weight variables indicates a combined pronounced dynamics in the 11 to 16 age period. By the age of 60–77 years subjects tend to decrease in the body length with a significant increase in the body weight and body mass index by the age of 31–36.Conclusion. The study suggests that identifying risks for the development of noninfectious and cardiovascular diseases caused by accelerated BMI in older populations requires monitoring of the North inhabitants’ main physical development indicators as well as the body annual growth variables.
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Ocobock C, Soppela P, Turunen MT. No association of BMI and body adiposity with cardiometabolic biomarkers among a small sample of reindeer herders of sub-Arctic Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2022; 81:2024960. [PMID: 35073832 PMCID: PMC8794070 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.2024960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising global obesity rate is alarming due to its real health and socioeconomic consequences. Finland, like other circumpolar regions, is also experiencing a rise in obesity . Here we assess BMI, body adiposity, and measures of cardiometabolic health among a small population of reindeer herders in sub-Arctic Finland. We collected anthropometric and biomarker measures at two different time points: October 2018 (N = 20) and January 2019 (N = 21) with a total of 25 unique individuals across the data collection periods (ages 20-64). Anthropometric measures included height, weight, age, and body composition. Biomarkers included measures of cholesterol, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Over 70% of this sample was classified as "overweight" and "obese" as categorised by BMI and 64% classified as "overfat" based on body fat percentage. However, there was no significant relationship between BMI and body fat percentage with any of the measured biomarkers. Although the sample size is small, the results of this study suggest there might not be a strong correlation between BMI, body adiposity, and cardiometabolic health indices within this population - a pattern that has been documented elsewhere. However, further study is needed to confirm this lack of a correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Institute for Educational Initiatives, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Päivi Soppela
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
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Ocobock C, Niclou A. Commentary—fat but fit…and cold? Potential evolutionary and environmental drivers of metabolically healthy obesity. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:400-408. [PMID: 36071988 PMCID: PMC9447378 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As global obesity rates continue to rise, it is important to understand the origin, role and range of human variation of body mass index (BMI) in assessing health and healthcare. A growing body of evidence suggests that BMI is a poor indicator of health across populations, and that there may be a metabolically healthy obese phenotype. Here, we review the reasons why BMI is an inadequate tool for assessing cardiometabolic health. We then suggest that cold climate adaptations may also render BMI an uninformative metric. Underlying evolutionary and environmental drivers may allow for heat conserving larger body sizes without necessarily increasing metabolic health risks. However, there may also be a potential mismatch between modern obesogenic environments and adaptations to cold climates, highlighting the need to further investigate the potential for metabolically healthy obese phenotypes among circumpolar and other populations as well as the broader meaning for metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Institute for Educational Initiatives, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Niclou
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Ocobock C, Soppela P, Turunen M, Stenbäck V, Herzig KH, Rimbach R, Pontzer H. Reindeer herders from subarctic Finland exhibit high total energy expenditure and low energy intake during the autumn herd roundup. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23676. [PMID: 34520587 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of total energy expenditure (TEE, kcal/day) have been documented among numerous human populations such as tropical climate horticulturalists and high-altitude agriculturalists. However, less work has been conducted among highly physically active cold climate populations. METHODS In October 2018, TEE was measured using the doubly labeled water (TEEDLW , N = 10) and flex-heart rate methods (TEEHR , N = 24) for 6-14 days among reindeer herders (20-62 years) in northern Finland during an especially physically demanding, but not seasonally representative, period of the year for herders-the annual reindeer herd roundup. Self-reported dietary intake was also collected during TEE measurement periods. TEE was then compared to that of hunter gatherer, farming, and market economies. RESULTS During the herd roundup, herders expended a mean of 4183 ± 949 kcal/day as measured by the DLW method, which was not significantly different from TEEHR . Mean caloric intake was 1718 ± 709 kcal/day, and was significantly lower than TEEDLW and TEEHR (p < .001). Herder TEEDLW was significantly higher than that of hunter gatherer (p = .0014) and market (p < .0014) economy populations; however, herder TEEDLW was not different from that of farming populations (p = .91). CONCLUSION High TEE and low caloric intake among herders reflect the extreme demands placed on herders during the annual herd round up. Although TEEDLW was similar between cold climate herders and hot climate farming populations, there are likely differences in how that TEE is comprised, reflecting the local ecologies of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, Institute for Educational Initiatives, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Päivi Soppela
- University of Lapland, Arctic Centre, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Minna Turunen
- University of Lapland, Arctic Centre, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Ville Stenbäck
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rebecca Rimbach
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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8
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Balabanski AH, Dos Santos A, Woods JA, Thrift AG, Kleinig TJ, Suchy-Dicey A, Siri SR, Boden-Albala B, Krishnamurthi R, Feigin VL, Buchwald D, Ranta A, Mienna CS, Zavaleta C, Churilov L, Burchill L, Zion D, Longstreth WT, Tirschwell DL, Anand S, Parsons MW, Brown A, Warne DK, Harwood M, Katzenellenbogen JM. The Incidence of Stroke in Indigenous Populations of Countries With a Very High Human Development Index: A Systematic Review Protocol. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661570. [PMID: 33967945 PMCID: PMC8100239 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite known Indigenous health and socioeconomic disadvantage in countries with a Very High Human Development Index, data on the incidence of stroke in these populations are sparse. With oversight from an Indigenous Advisory Board, we will undertake a systematic review of the incidence of stroke in Indigenous populations of developed countries or regions, with comparisons between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations of the same region, though not between different Indigenous populations. Methods: Using PubMed, OVID-EMBASE, and Global Health databases, we will examine population-based incidence studies of stroke in Indigenous adult populations of developed countries published 1990-current, without language restriction. Non-peer-reviewed sources, studies including <10 Indigenous People, or with insufficient data to determine incidence, will be excluded. Two reviewers will independently validate the search strategies, screen titles and abstracts, and record reasons for rejection. Relevant articles will undergo full-text screening, with standard data extracted for all studies included. Quality assessment will include Sudlow and Warlow's criteria for population-based stroke incidence studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for risk of bias, and the CONSIDER checklist for Indigenous research. Results: Primary outcomes include crude, age-specific and/or age-standardized incidence of stroke. Secondary outcomes include overall stroke rates, incidence rate ratio and case-fatality. Results will be synthesized in figures and tables, describing data sources, populations, methodology, and findings. Within-population meta-analysis will be performed if, and where, methodologically sound and comparable studies allow this. Conclusion: We will undertake the first systematic review assessing disparities in stroke incidence in Indigenous populations of developed countries. Data outputs will be disseminated to relevant Indigenous stakeholders to inform public health and policy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Balabanski
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Universit, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Anna H. Balabanski
| | - Angela Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John A. Woods
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda G. Thrift
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash Universit, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Kleinig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Astrid Suchy-Dicey
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Susanna Ragnhild Siri
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Bernadette Boden-Albala
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rita Krishnamurthi
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Valery L. Feigin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Annemarei Ranta
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Carol Zavaleta
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Zion
- Human Research Ethics Committee, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David L. Tirschwell
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sonia Anand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark W. Parsons
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,University of New South Wales (UNSW) South Western Sydney Clinical School, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Alex Brown
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Donald K. Warne
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Matire Harwood
- Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dahl IK, Dalgård C. Sami dietary habits and the risk of cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1873621. [PMID: 33463398 PMCID: PMC7832988 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.1873621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic literary review investigates if an association between Sami dietary habits and cardiometabolic outcomes exists, and examines the dietary characteristics and cardiometabolic status of the Sami population. Included were all articles assessing Sami dietary habits and cardiometabolic disease or risk factors. Embase, Medline and SweMed were searched on 26 September 2019 and articles were screened for eligibility in October 2019. Data were extracted according to Moose Guidelines and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess risk of bias. The initial search generated 4,195 articles in total. Nine articles met all inclusion criteria. Two were cohort studies and seven were cross-sectional. Rating by NOS ranked from 2/7 to 8/9 stars. The studies were largely descriptive and only few had results regarding a direct association between Sami dietary habits and cardiometabolic outcomes. The findings demonstrated no association between consumption of certain Sami food items and blood-lipids or mortality from CVD/CHD. A higher intake of fat, protein, reindeer-meat and coffee and a slightly lower blood pressure and mortality from CVD/CHD was seen among Sami compared with non-Sami. The limited amount and descriptive nature of the eligible articles indicate that resaerch within the fielt is limited. Thus, additional longitudinal studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Dahl
- Cand.med., University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
| | - C Dalgård
- IST - Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine and the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C, Denmark
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Johnson CSC, Shively C, Michalson KT, Lea AJ, DeBo RJ, Howard TD, Hawkins GA, Appt SE, Liu Y, McCall CE, Herrington DM, Ip EH, Register TC, Snyder-Mackler N. Contrasting effects of Western vs Mediterranean diets on monocyte inflammatory gene expression and social behavior in a primate model. eLife 2021; 10:68293. [PMID: 34338633 PMCID: PMC8423447 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes associated with industrialization increase the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. This relationship is often attributed to an 'evolutionary mismatch' between human physiology and modern nutritional environments. Western diets enriched with foods that were scarce throughout human evolutionary history (e.g. simple sugars and saturated fats) promote inflammation and disease relative to diets more akin to ancestral human hunter-gatherer diets, such as a Mediterranean diet. Peripheral blood monocytes, precursors to macrophages and important mediators of innate immunity and inflammation, are sensitive to the environment and may represent a critical intermediate in the pathway linking diet to disease. We evaluated the effects of 15 months of whole diet manipulations mimicking Western or Mediterranean diet patterns on monocyte polarization in a well-established model of human health, the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Monocyte transcriptional profiles differed markedly between diets, with 40% of transcripts showing differential expression (FDR < 0.05). Monocytes from Western diet consumers were polarized toward a more proinflammatory phenotype. The Western diet shifted the co-expression of 445 gene pairs, including small RNAs and transcription factors associated with metabolism and adiposity in humans, and dramatically altered behavior. For example, Western-fed individuals were more anxious and less socially integrated. These behavioral changes were also associated with some of the effects of diet on gene expression, suggesting an interaction between diet, central nervous system activity, and monocyte gene expression. This study provides new molecular insights into an evolutionary mismatch and uncovers new pathways through which Western diets alter monocyte polarization toward a proinflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin SC Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Carol Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Kristofer T Michalson
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Amanda J Lea
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Ryne J DeBo
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Timothy D Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Susan E Appt
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - David M Herrington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Edward H Ip
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,Department of Biology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States,Center for Evolution & Medicine, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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11
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Lea AJ, Martins D, Kamau J, Gurven M, Ayroles JF. Urbanization and market integration have strong, nonlinear effects on cardiometabolic health in the Turkana. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb1430. [PMID: 33087362 PMCID: PMC7577730 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The "mismatch" between evolved human physiology and Western lifestyles is thought to explain the current epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in industrialized societies. However, this hypothesis has been difficult to test because few populations concurrently span ancestral and modern lifestyles. To address this gap, we collected interview and biomarker data from individuals of Turkana ancestry who practice subsistence-level, nomadic pastoralism (the ancestral way of life for this group), as well as individuals who no longer practice pastoralism and live in urban areas. We found that Turkana who move to cities exhibit poor cardiometabolic health, partially because of a shift toward "Western diets" high in refined carbohydrates. We also show that being born in an urban area independently predicts adult health, such that life-long city dwellers will experience the greatest CVD risk. By focusing on a substantial lifestyle gradient, our work thus informs the timing, magnitude, and evolutionary causes of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lea
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dino Martins
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Joseph Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Julien F Ayroles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Hoke MK, Schell LM. Doing biocultural anthropology: Continuity and change. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23471. [PMID: 32681558 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocultural anthropology has long represented an important approach in the study of human biology. However, despite demonstrated utility, its somewhat amorphous identity leaves some scholars questioning just what it means to be biocultural. In this article, rather than providing proscriptive doctrine, we contribute to these conversations about the nature of biocultural anthropology by considering what biocultural research does. We begin with a consideration of some of the foundational themes of biocultural work including recognition of the dialectical nature of sociocultural and biological forces, interest in inequality, and incorporation of both evolutionary and political economic perspectives. To emphasize the consistency of biocultural work over time, we also trace these themes from originating work to their appearance in current research. We then identify some of the key actions of the biocultural approach, noting that biocultural work can execute any number though rarely all of these actions simultaneously. We then offer brief introductions to the articles that make up this special issue, highlighting the ways in which each piece undertakes key biocultural actions. Following these introductions, we provide a discussion of some of the types of biocultural work that are not present in this special issue, recognizing the breadth of biocultural research across multiple subfields of anthropology. Finally, we point to some potentially fruitful directions for future biocultural research. In the end, we conclude that while biocultural anthropology may not have a cohesive or set agenda, it does have a clear and recognizable form of content and methodology illuminated by its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Hoke
- Department of Anthropology & Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, & the Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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13
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Gildner TE, Levy SB. Intersecting vulnerabilities in human biology: Synergistic interactions between climate change and increasing obesity rates. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23460. [PMID: 32618027 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing obesity rates and accelerating climate change represent two global health challenges shaped by lifestyle change and human environmental modifications. Yet, few studies have considered how these issues may interact to exacerbate disease risk. METHODS In this theory article, we explore evidence that obesity-related disease and climatic changes share socio-ecological drivers and may interact to increase human morbidity and mortality risks. Additionally, we consider how obesity-climate change interactions may disproportionately affect vulnerable populations and how anthropological research can be applied to address this concern. RESULTS Interactions between heat stress and cardiometabolic disease represent an important pathway through which climate change and obesity-related morbidities may jointly impair health. For example, individuals with higher body fatness and obesity-related metabolic conditions (eg, type 2 diabetes) exhibit a reduced ability to dissipate heat. The risk of poor health resulting from these interactions is expected to be heterogeneous, with low- and middle-income countries, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and minority populations facing a greater disease burden due to relative lack of resource access (eg, air conditioning). Moreover, older adults are at higher risk due to aging-associated changes in body composition and loss of thermoregulation capabilities. CONCLUSIONS Few policy makers appear to be considering how interventions can be designed to simultaneously address the medical burden posed by increasing obesity rates and climate change. Anthropological research is well situated to address this need in a nuanced and culturally-sensitive way; producing research that can be used to support community resilience, promote holistic well-being, and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Stephanie B Levy
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, New York, New York, USA.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York, USA
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Averyanova IV, Vdovenko SI. The Dynamics of Gas Analysis Parameters in Young Males of the Magadan Region from Different Generations of Europeoid Migrants and Adaptants. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093019060036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Billiot S, Beltrán R, Brown D, Mitchell FM, Fernandez A. Indigenous Perspectives for Strengthening Social Responses to Global Environmental Changes: A Response to the Social Work Grand Challenge on Environmental Change. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE 2019; 27:296-316. [PMID: 33013154 PMCID: PMC7531751 DOI: 10.1080/10705422.2019.1658677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The "Grand Challenges for Social Work," is a call to action for innovative responses to society's most pressing social problems. In this article, we respond to the "Grand Challenge" of Creating Social Responses to a Changing Environment from our perspective as Indigenous scholars. Over the last several decades, diminishing natural resources, pollution, over-consumption, and the exploitation of the natural environment have led to climate change events that disproportionately affect Indigenous peoples. We present how environmental changes impact Indigenous peoples and suggest culturally relevant responses for working with Indigenous communities. We propose a decolonizing cyclical, iterative process grounded in Indigenous Ways of Knowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanondora Billiot
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramona Beltrán
- Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Danica Brown
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Angela Fernandez
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Hallmark B, Karafet TM, Hsieh P, Osipova LP, Watkins JC, Hammer MF. Genomic Evidence of Local Adaptation to Climate and Diet in Indigenous Siberians. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 36:315-327. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hallmark
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - PingHsun Hsieh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ludmila P Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Joseph C Watkins
- Interdisciplinary Program in Statistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Michael F Hammer
- ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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17
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Skelly E, Kapellas K, Cooper A, Weyrich LS. Consequences of colonialism: A microbial perspective to contemporary Indigenous health. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:423-437. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Skelly
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Kostas Kapellas
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Alan Cooper
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Laura S. Weyrich
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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An Australian model of the First 1000 Days: an Indigenous-led process to turn an international initiative into an early-life strategy benefiting indigenous families. GLOBAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENOMICS 2016; 1:e11. [PMID: 29868203 PMCID: PMC5870429 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Internationally, the 1000 days movement calls for action and investment in improving nutrition for the period from a child's conception to their second birthday, thereby providing an organising framework for early-life interventions. To ensure Australian Indigenous families benefit from this 1000 days framework, an Indigenous-led year-long engagement process was undertaken linking early-life researchers, research institutions, policy-makers, professional associations and human rights activists with Australian Indigenous organisations and families. The resultant model, First 1000 Days Australia, broadened the international concept beyond improving nutrition. The First 1000 Days Australia model was built by adhering to Indigenous methodologies, a recognition of the centrality of culture that reinforces and strengthens families, and uses a holistic view of health and wellbeing. The First 1000 Days Australia was developed under the auspice of Indigenous people's leadership using a collective impact framework. As such, the model emphasises Indigenous leadership, mutual trust and solidarity to achieve early-life equity.
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Levy SB, Leonard WR, Tarskaia LA, Klimova TM, Fedorova VI, Baltakhinova ME, Josh Snodgrass J. Lifestyle mediates seasonal changes in metabolic health among the yakut (sakha) of northeastern siberia. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:868-878. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larissa A. Tarskaia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow Russia
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of KansasLawrence Kansas
| | - Tatiana M. Klimova
- Research Institute of Health, MK Ammosov North‐Eastern Federal UniversityYakutsk Russia
| | - Valentina I. Fedorova
- Research Institute of Health, MK Ammosov North‐Eastern Federal UniversityYakutsk Russia
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Streeter EA, Squires EC, Leonard WR, Tarskaia LA, Klimova TM, Fedorova VI, Baltakhinova ME, Krivoshapkin VG, Snodgrass JJ. Adiponectin, hemoglobin, and cardiovascular risk in an indigenous siberian population. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:580-3. [PMID: 26593323 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue hypoxia appears to play a role in promoting chronic inflammation and the development of obesity-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of the present research is to examine whether adiponectin levels (an adipocyte-derived hormone with anti-inflammatory properties) are inversely correlated with hemoglobin levels in an indigenous Siberian population. METHODS The study was conducted among 252 Yakut adults (≥18 years; 135 females) from Berdygestiakh, Sakha Republic, Russia. Measurements included anthropometric dimensions (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], and percent body fat) and blood levels of hemoglobin and adiponectin. RESULTS Yakut females had higher adiponectin concentrations than males (15.1 ± 9.8 vs. 11.7 ± 10.6 µg/ml; P < 0.001), whereas males had higher hemoglobin levels (14.4 ± 1.4 vs. 12.6 ± 1.5 g/dL; P < 0.001). Body composition measures in both sexes were negatively associated with adiponectin and positively associated with hemoglobin. After adjusting for central adiposity and smoking, adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels in men (P < 0.05), but not in women (P = 0.511). CONCLUSIONS This investigation provides some support for the involvement of hypoxia-related dysregulation of adiponectin associated with obesity and potentially cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:580-583, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica C Squires
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Larissa A Tarskaia
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Institute for Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana M Klimova
- Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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Abstract
Indigenous populations worldwide are experiencing social, cultural, demographic, nutritional, and psychoemotional changes that have a profound impact on health. Regardless of their geographical location or sociopolitical situation, health indicators are always poorer for indigenous populations than for nonindigenous ones. The determinants of this gap are multiple and interactive, and their analysis requires a biocultural framework. Indigenous populations suffer from lower life expectancy, high infant and child mortality, high maternal morbidity and mortality, heavy infectious disease loads, malnutrition, stunted growth, increasing levels of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases, substance abuse, and depression. The devastating effects of colonization, the loss of ancestral land, and language and cultural barriers for access to health care are among the most salient themes characterizing the poor health situation of indigenous people. Anthropology is extremely well suited to address the interplay among social, economic, and political forces that shape the local experiences of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
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Wilson HJ, Leonard WR, Tarskaia LA, Klimova TM, Krivoshapkin VG, Snodgrass JJ. Do physical activity and sedentary behavior relate to cardio-metabolic risk factor clustering in indigenous Siberian adults? Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:149-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Wilson
- Department of Anthropology; Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - William R. Leonard
- Department of Anthropology; Northwestern University; Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Larissa A. Tarskaia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia 119991
- Department of Anthropology; University of Kansas; Lawrence 66045
| | - Tatiana M. Klimova
- Research Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University; Yakutsk Russia 677000
| | - Vadim G. Krivoshapkin
- Research Institute of Health, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University; Yakutsk Russia 677000
| | - J. Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology; University of Oregon; Eugene Oregon 97403
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Stieglitz J, Schniter E, von Rueden C, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Functional Disability and Social Conflict Increase Risk of Depression in Older Adulthood Among Bolivian Forager-Farmers. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014; 70:948-56. [PMID: 24986182 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present an explanatory framework for depression in older adulthood in a small-scale society. We propose that depression is a consequence of functional disability, which can reduce subsistence productivity and resource transfers within and across generations. Social conflict can also disrupt resource flows and should be associated with depression. METHOD To evaluate depression among Tsimane forager-farmers of Bolivia, we developed a reliable interview based on focus groups and a review of validated depression scales. Older adults (mean ± SD age = 62 ± 9, n = 325) were recruited regardless of their health status. Demographic, economic, and medical data were collected during annual censuses and routine medical exams. RESULTS Depression is associated with reduced energetic status, greater physical limitations, and reduced subsistence involvement after controlling for potential confounds such as age, sex, number of reported unresolved conflicts, and market involvement. Depression is also associated with greater reported conflict, particularly with non-kin. DISCUSSION Tsimane depression is associated with disability, reduced subsistence productivity, and interpersonal conflict, all of which can disrupt resource flows. Depression appears to be a response to conditions regularly experienced over human history, and not simply a by-product of modernity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Schniter
- Economic Sciences Institute, Chapman University, California
| | | | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico. Economic Sciences Institute, Chapman University, California
| | - Michael Gurven
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit, University of California-Santa Barbara
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