1
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Wang J, Guo X, Chen Y, Liu T, Zhu J, Xu S, Vierling E. Maternal nitric oxide homeostasis impacts female gametophyte development under optimal and stress conditions. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2201-2218. [PMID: 38376990 PMCID: PMC11132896 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In adverse environments, the number of fertilizable female gametophytes (FGs) in plants is reduced, leading to increased survival of the remaining offspring. How the maternal plant perceives internal growth cues and external stress conditions to alter FG development remains largely unknown. We report that homeostasis of the stress signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in controlling FG development under both optimal and stress conditions. NO homeostasis is precisely regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). Prior to fertilization, GSNOR protein is exclusively accumulated in sporophytic tissues and indirectly controls FG development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In GSNOR null mutants, NO species accumulated in the degenerating sporophytic nucellus, and auxin efflux into the developing FG was restricted, which inhibited FG development, resulting in reduced fertility. Importantly, restoring GSNOR expression in maternal, but not gametophytic tissues, or increasing auxin efflux substrate significantly increased the proportion of normal FGs and fertility. Furthermore, GSNOR overexpression or added auxin efflux substrate increased fertility under drought and salt stress. These data indicate that NO homeostasis is critical to normal auxin transport and maternal control of FG development, which in turn determine seed yield. Understanding this aspect of fertility control could contribute to mediating yield loss under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yazhou, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianchu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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3
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Wang W, Malka R, Lindemeier M, Cyprys P, Tiedemann S, Sun K, Zhang X, Xiong H, Sprunck S, Sun MX. EGG CELL 1 contributes to egg-cell-dependent preferential fertilization in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:268-282. [PMID: 38287093 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
During double fertilization in angiosperms, the pollen tube delivers two sperm cells into an embryo sac; one sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, and the other sperm cell fuses with the central cell. It has long been proposed that the preference for fusion with one or another female gamete cell depends on the sperm cells and occurs during gamete recognition. However, up to now, sperm-dependent preferential fertilization has not been demonstrated, and results on preferred fusion with either female gamete have remained conflicting. To investigate this topic, we generated Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that produce single sperm-like cells or whose egg cells are eliminated; we found that although the three different types of sperm-like cell are functionally equivalent in their ability to fertilize the egg and the central cell, each type of sperm-like cell fuses predominantly with the egg cell. This indicates that it is the egg cell that controls its preferential fertilization. We also found that sperm-activating small secreted EGG CELL 1 proteins are involved in the regulation of egg-cell-dependent preferential fertilization, revealing another important role for this protein family during double fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Raphael Malka
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Lindemeier
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Cyprys
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Tiedemann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kaiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Kumam Y, Trick HN, Vara Prasad P, Jugulam M. Transformative Approaches for Sustainable Weed Management: The Power of Gene Drive and CRISPR-Cas9. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2176. [PMID: 38136999 PMCID: PMC10742955 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Weeds can negatively impact crop yields and the ecosystem's health. While many weed management strategies have been developed and deployed, there is a greater need for the development of sustainable methods for employing integrated weed management. Gene drive systems can be used as one of the approaches to suppress the aggressive growth and reproductive behavior of weeds, although their efficacy is yet to be tested. Their popularity in insect pest management has increased, however, with the advent of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, which provides specificity and precision in editing the target gene. This review focuses on the different types of gene drive systems, including the use of CRISPR-Cas9-based systems and their success stories in pest management, while also exploring their possible applications in weed species. Factors that govern the success of a gene drive system in weeds, including the mode of reproduction, the availability of weed genome databases, and well-established transformation protocols are also discussed. Importantly, the risks associated with the release of weed populations with gene drive-bearing alleles into wild populations are also examined, along with the importance of addressing ecological consequences and ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiphabi Kumam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (Y.K.); (P.V.V.P.)
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - P.V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (Y.K.); (P.V.V.P.)
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (Y.K.); (P.V.V.P.)
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5
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Huang Y, Liu L, Chai M, Su H, Ma S, Liu K, Tian Y, Cao Z, Xi X, Zhu W, Qi J, Palanivelu R, Qin Y, Cai H. Epigenetic regulation of female germline development through ERECTA signaling pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1015-1033. [PMID: 37606225 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Germline development is a key step in sexual reproduction. Sexual plant reproduction begins with the formation of haploid spores by meiosis of megaspore mother cells (MMCs). Although many evidences, directly or indirectly, show that epigenetics plays an important role in MMC specification, how it controls the commitment of the MMC to downstream stages of germline development is still unclear. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), western blot, immunofluorescence, and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR analyses were performed. Genetic interactions between BZR1 transcription factor family and the SWR1-SDG2-ER pathway in the control of female germline development were further studied. The present findings showed in Arabidopsis that two epigenetic factors, the chromatin remodeling complex SWI2/SNF2-RELATED 1 (SWR1) and a writer for H3K4me3 histone modification SET DOMAIN GROUP 2 (SDG2), genetically interact with the ERECTA (ER) receptor kinase signaling pathway and regulate female germline development by restricting the MMC cell fate to a single cell in the ovule primordium and ensure that only that single cell undergoes meiosis and subsequent megaspore degeneration. We also showed that SWR1-SDG2-ER signaling module regulates female germline development by promoting the protein accumulation of BZR1 transcription factor family on the promoters of primary miRNA processing factors, HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), and SERRATE (SE) to activate their expression. Our study elucidated a Gene Regulation Network that provides new insights for understanding how epigenetic factors and receptor kinase signaling pathways function in concert to control female germline development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Mengnan Chai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Han Su
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Suzhuo Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Kaichuang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaru Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhuangyuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinpeng Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingang Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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6
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Li Y, Zhao M, Cai K, Liu L, Han R, Pei X, Zhang L, Zhao X. Phytohormone biosynthesis and transcriptional analyses provide insight into the main growth stage of male and female cones Pinus koraiensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1273409. [PMID: 37885661 PMCID: PMC10598626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The cone is a crucial component of the whole life cycle of gymnosperm and an organ for sexual reproduction of gymnosperms. In Pinus koraiensis, the quantity and development process of male and female cones directly influence seed production, which in turn influences the tree's economic value. There are, however, due to the lack of genetic information and genomic data, the morphological development and molecular mechanism of female and male cones of P. koraiensis have not been analyzed. Long-term phenological observations were used in this study to document the main process of the growth of both male and female cones. Transcriptome sequencing and endogenous hormone levels at three critical developmental stages were then analyzed to identify the regulatory networks that control these stages of cones development. The most significant plant hormones influencing male and female cones growth were discovered to be gibberellin and brassinosteroids, according to measurements of endogenous hormone content. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing allowed the identification of 71,097 and 31,195 DEGs in male and female cones. The synthesis and control of plant hormones during cones growth were discovered via enrichment analysis of key enrichment pathways. FT and other flowering-related genes were discovered in the coexpression network of flower growth development, which contributed to the growth development of male and female cones of P. koraiensis. The findings of this work offer a cutting-edge foundation for understanding reproductive biology and the molecular mechanisms that control the growth development of male and female cones in P. koraiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kewei Cai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaona Pei
- College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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7
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Lan J, Wang N, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Yu H, Cao X, Qin G. Arabidopsis TCP4 transcription factor inhibits high temperature-induced homeotic conversion of ovules. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5673. [PMID: 37704599 PMCID: PMC10499876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal high temperature (HT) caused by global warming threatens plant survival and food security, but the effects of HT on plant organ identity are elusive. Here, we show that Class II TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/ PCF (TCP) transcription factors redundantly protect ovule identity under HT. The duodecuple tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17/24/1/12/18/16 (tcpDUO) mutant displays HT-induced ovule conversion into carpelloid structures. Expression of TCP4 in tcpDUO complements the ovule identity conversion. TCP4 interacts with AGAMOUS (AG), SEPALLATA3 (SEP3), and the homeodomain transcription factor BELL1 (BEL1) to strengthen the association of BEL1 with AG-SEP3. The tcpDUO mutant synergistically interacts with bel1 and the ovule identity gene seedstick (STK) mutant stk in tcpDUO bel1 and tcpDUO stk. Our findings reveal the critical roles of Class II TCPs in maintaining ovule identity under HT and shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which ovule identity is determined by the integration of internal factors and environmental temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yidan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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8
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Zhai X, Bai J, Xu W, Yang X, Jia Z, Xia W, Wu X, Liang Q, Li B, Jia N. The molecular chaperone mtHSC70-1 interacts with DjA30 to regulate female gametophyte development and fertility in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1677-1698. [PMID: 37294615 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis mitochondria-targeted heat shock protein 70 (mtHSC70-1) plays important roles in the establishment of cytochrome c oxidase-dependent respiration and redox homeostasis during the vegetative growth of plants. Here, we report that knocking out the mtHSC70-1 gene led to a decrease in plant fertility; the fertility defect of the mutant was completely rescued by introducing the mtHSC70-1 gene. mtHSC70-1 mutants also showed defects in female gametophyte (FG) development, including delayed mitosis, abnormal nuclear position, and ectopic gene expression in the embryo sacs. In addition, we found that an Arabidopsis mitochondrial J-protein gene (DjA30) mutant, j30+/- , had defects in FG development and fertility similar to those of mtHSC70-1 mutant. mtHSC70-1 and DjA30 had similar expression patterns in FGs and interacted in vivo, suggesting that these two proteins might cooperate during female gametogenesis. Further, respiratory chain complex IV activity in mtHSC70-1 and DjA30 mutant embryo sacs was markedly downregulated; this led to the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Scavenging excess ROS by introducing Mn-superoxide dismutase 1 or catalase 1 gene into the mtHSC70-1 mutant rescued FG development and fertility. Altogether, our results suggest that mtHSC70-1 and DjA30 are essential for the maintenance of ROS homeostasis in the embryo sacs and provide direct evidence for the roles of ROS homeostasis in embryo sac maturation and nuclear patterning, which might determine the fate of gametic and accessory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Jiaoteng Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zichao Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wenxuan Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Bing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ning Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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9
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Meng JG, Xu YJ, Wang WQ, Yang F, Chen SY, Jia PF, Yang WC, Li HJ. Central-cell-produced attractants control fertilization recovery. Cell 2023; 186:3593-3605.e12. [PMID: 37516107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Animal fertilization relies on hundreds of sperm racing toward the egg, whereas, in angiosperms, only two sperm cells are delivered by a pollen tube to the female gametes (egg cell and central cell) for double fertilization. However, unsuccessful fertilization under this one-pollen-tube design can be detrimental to seed production and plant survival. To mitigate this risk, unfertilized-gamete-controlled extra pollen tube entry has been evolved to bring more sperm cells and salvage fertilization. Despite its importance, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we report that, in Arabidopsis, the central cell secretes peptides SALVAGER1 and SALVAGER2 in a directional manner to attract pollen tubes when the synergid-dependent attraction fails or is terminated by pollen tubes carrying infertile sperm cells. Moreover, loss of SALs impairs the fertilization recovery capacity of the ovules. Therefore, this research uncovers a female gamete-attraction system that salvages seed production for reproductive assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin-Jiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Cornaro L, Banfi C, Cucinotta M, Colombo L, van Dijk PJ. Asexual reproduction through seeds: the complex case of diplosporous apomixis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2462-2478. [PMID: 36794770 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is considered a potentially revolutionary tool to generate high-quality food at a lower cost and shorter developmental time due to clonal seed production through apomeiosis and parthenogenesis. In the diplosporous type of apomixis, meiotic recombination and reduction are circumvented either by avoiding or failing meiosis or by a mitotic-like division. Here, we review the literature on diplospory, from early cytological studies dating back to the late 19th century to recent genetic findings. We discuss diplosporous developmental mechanisms, including their inheritance. Furthermore, we compare the strategies adopted to isolate the genes controlling diplospory with those to produce mutants forming unreduced gametes. Nowadays, the dramatically improved technologies of long-read sequencing and targeted CRISPR/Cas mutagenesis justify the expectation that natural diplospory genes will soon be identified. Their identification will answer questions such as how the apomictic phenotype can be superimposed upon the sexual pathway and how diplospory genes have evolved. This knowledge will contribute to the application of apomixis in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Cornaro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Camilla Banfi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Mara Cucinotta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Peter J van Dijk
- KeyGene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Wang C, Li X, Huang J, Ma H, Wang CJR, Wang Y. Isolation of Meiocytes and Cytological Analyses of Male Meiotic Chromosomes in Soybean, Lettuce, and Maize. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:219-239. [PMID: 37540360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that halves the number of chromosomes following a single round of DNA replication, thus leading to the generation of haploid gametes. It is essential for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. Over the past several decades, with the well-developed molecular and cytogenetic methods, there have been great advances in understanding meiosis in plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and maize, providing excellent references to study meiosis in other plants. A chapter in the previous edition described molecular cytological methods for studying Arabidopsis meiosis in detail. In this chapter, we focus on methods for studying meiosis in soybean (Glycine max), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and maize (Zea mays). Moreover, we include the method that was recently developed for examination of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications on meiotic chromosomes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiyue Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Yingxiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Zhu M, Tao L, Zhang J, Liu R, Tian H, Hu C, Zhu Y, Li M, Wei Z, Yi J, Li J, Gou X. The type-B response regulators ARR10, ARR12, and ARR18 specify the central cell in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4714-4737. [PMID: 36130292 PMCID: PMC9709988 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the female gametophyte consists of two synergid cells, an egg cell, a diploid central cell, and three antipodal cells. CYTOKININ INDEPENDENT 1 (CKI1), a histidine kinase constitutively activating the cytokinin signaling pathway, specifies the central cell and restricts the egg cell. However, the mechanism regulating CKI1-dependent central cell specification is largely unknown. Here, we showed that the type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS10, 12, and 18 (ARR10/12/18) localize at the chalazal pole of the female gametophyte. Phenotypic analysis showed that the arr10 12 18 triple mutant is female sterile. We examined the expression patterns of embryo sac marker genes and found that the embryo sac of arr10 12 18 plants had lost central cell identity, a phenotype similar to that of the Arabidopsis cki1 mutant. Genetic analyses demonstrated that ARR10/12/18, CKI1, and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN2, 3, and 5 (AHP2/3/5) function in a common pathway to regulate female gametophyte development. In addition, constitutively activated ARR10/12/18 in the cki1 embryo sac partially restored the fertility of cki1. Results of transcriptomic analysis supported the conclusion that ARR10/12/18 and CKI1 function together to regulate the identity of the central cell. Our results demonstrated that ARR10/12/18 function downstream of CKI1-AHP2/3/5 as core factors to determine cell fate of the female gametophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruini Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongai Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yafen Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhuoyun Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Specification of female germline by microRNA orchestrated auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6960. [PMID: 36379956 PMCID: PMC9666636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline determination is essential for species survival and evolution in multicellular organisms. In most flowering plants, formation of the female germline is initiated with specification of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this key event remains unclear. Here we report that spatially restricted auxin signaling promotes MMC fate in Arabidopsis. Our results show that the microRNA160 (miR160) targeted gene ARF17 (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17) is required for promoting MMC specification by genetically interacting with the SPL/NZZ (SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE) gene. Alterations of auxin signaling cause formation of supernumerary MMCs in an ARF17- and SPL/NZZ-dependent manner. Furthermore, miR160 and ARF17 are indispensable for attaining a normal auxin maximum at the ovule apex via modulating the expression domain of PIN1 (PIN-FORMED1) auxin transporter. Our findings elucidate the mechanism by which auxin signaling promotes the acquisition of female germline cell fate in plants.
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14
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Li L, Hou S, Xiang W, Song Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li J, Gu H, Dong J, Dresselhaus T, Zhong S, Qu LJ. The egg cell is preferentially fertilized in Arabidopsis double fertilization. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:2039-2046. [PMID: 36165373 PMCID: PMC9968529 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants (angiosperms), fertilization of the egg cell by one sperm cell produces an embryo, whereas fusion of a second sperm cell with the central cell generates the endosperm. In most angiosperms like Arabidopsis, a pollen grain contains two isomorphic sperm cells required for this double fertilization process. A long-standing unsolved question is whether the two fertilization events have any preference. A tool to address this question is the usage of the cyclin-dependent kinase a1 (cdka;1) mutant pollen, which produces a single sperm-like cell (SLC). Here, we first adopt a complementation-based fluorescence-labeling method to successfully separate and collect cdka;1 mutant pollen containing a single SLC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that cdka;1 SLCs show a gene expression profile highly similar to that of sperm cells and not to the generative cell, precursor of the two sperm cells. Pollination assays using a limited number of cdka;1 mutant pollen revealed that in 98.2% of the ovules, single fertilization of the egg cell occurred. Pollination of pistils with excessive cdka;1 mutant pollen allowed the delivery of a second SLC via fertilization recovery, which fertilized the central cell, resulting in 20.7% double-fertilized ovules. This indicates that cdka;1 SLCs are able to fertilize both the egg and the central cell. Taken together, our findings have answered a long-standing question and support that preferential fertilization of the egg cell is evident in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Saiying Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zihan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ“2” 08854, USA
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing 100101, China
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15
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Jiang YT, Zheng JX, Li RH, Wang YC, Shi J, Ferjani A, Lin WH. Tonoplast proton pumps regulate nuclear spacing of female gametophytes via mediating polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006735. [PMID: 36176689 PMCID: PMC9513470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is an important organelle with multiple functions in plants, and the tonoplast that wraps the vacuole also plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking and ion homeostasis. Previous studies found that tonoplast proton pumps regulate embryo development and morphogenesis through their effects on vacuole biogenesis and distribution, as well as polar auxin transport and concomitant auxin gradient. However, the precise roles of the tonoplast proton pumps in gametophyte development remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that the lack of two types of tonoplast proton pumps or the absence of V-ATPase alone leads to abnormal development and nuclear localization of female gametophyte (FG), and slowed endosperm nuclei division after fertilization of the central cell. We further revealed that V-ATPase regulates auxin levels in ovules through coordinating the content and localization of PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) protein, hence influencing nuclear spacing between centra cell and egg cell, and subsequent endosperm development. Collectively, our findings revealed a crucial role of V-ATPase in auxin-mediated FG development in Arabidopsis and expanded our understanding of the functions of tonoplast proton pumps in seed plants reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Xuan Zheng
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Han Li
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Chen SY, Wang L, Jia PF, Yang WC, Sze H, Li HJ. Osmoregulation determines sperm cell geometry and integrity for double fertilization in flowering plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1488-1496. [PMID: 35918896 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Distinct from the motile flagellated sperm of animals and early land plants, the non-motile sperm cells of flowering plants are carried in the pollen grain to the female pistil. After pollination, a pair of sperm cells are delivered into the embryo sac by pollen tube growth and rupture. Unlike other walled plant cells with an equilibrium between internal turgor pressure and mechanical constraints of the cell walls, sperm cells wrapped inside the cytoplasm of a pollen vegetative cell have only thin and discontinuous cell walls. The sperm cells are uniquely ellipsoid in shape, although it is unclear how they maintain this shape within the pollen tubes and after release. In this study, we found that genetic disruption of three endomembrane-associated cation/H+ exchangers specifically causes sperm cells to become spheroidal in hydrated pollens of Arabidopsis. Moreover, the released mutant sperm cells are vulnerable and rupture before double fertilization, leading to failed seed set, which can be partially rescued by depletion of the sperm-expressed vacuolar water channel. These results suggest a critical role of cell-autonomous osmoregulation in adjusting the sperm cell shape for successful double fertilization in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heven Sze
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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17
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Yu SX, Jiang YT, Lin WH. Ovule initiation: the essential step controlling offspring number in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1469-1486. [PMID: 35713236 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed is the offspring of angiosperms. Plants produce large numbers of seeds to ensure effective reproduction and survival in varying environments. Ovule is a fundamentally important organ and is the precursor of the seed. In Arabidopsis and other plants characterized by multi-ovulate ovaries, ovule initiation determines the maximal ovule number, thus greatly affecting seed number per fruit and seed yield. Investigating the regulatory mechanism of ovule initiation has both scientific and economic significance. However, the genetic and molecular basis underlying ovule initiation remains unclear due to technological limitations. Very recently, rules governing the multiple ovules initiation from one placenta have been identified, the individual functions and crosstalk of phytohormones in regulating ovule initiation have been further characterized, and new regulators of ovule boundary are reported, therefore expanding the understanding of this field. In this review, we present an overview of current knowledge in ovule initiation and summarize the significance of ovule initiation in regulating the number of plant offspring, as well as raise insights for the future study in this field that provide potential routes for the improvement of crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xia Yu
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Tong Jiang
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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18
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Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Contributing to Male and Female Gamete Development in Synthetic Brassica Allohexaploids. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121556. [PMID: 35736707 PMCID: PMC9228180 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy plays a crucial role in plant evolution and speciation. The development of male and female gametes is essential to the reproductive capacity of polyploids, but their gene expression pattern has not been fully explored in newly established polyploids. The present study aimed to reveal a detailed atlas of gene expression for gamete development in newly synthetic Brassica allohexaploids that are not naturally existing species. Comparative transcriptome profiling between developing anthers (staged from meiosis to mature pollen) and ovules (staged from meiosis to mature embryo sac) was performed using RNA-Seq analysis. A total of 8676, 9775 and 4553 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for the development of both gametes, for male-only, and for female-only gamete development, respectively, in the synthetic Brassica allohexaploids. By combining gene ontology (GO) biological process analysis and data from the published literature, we identified 37 candidate genes for DNA double-strand break formation, synapsis and the crossover of homologous recombination during male and female meiosis and 51 candidate genes for tapetum development, sporopollenin biosynthesis and pollen wall development in male gamete development. Furthermore, 23 candidate genes for mitotic progression, nuclear positioning and cell specification and development were enriched in female gamete development. This study lays a good foundation for revealing the molecular regulation of genes related to male and female gamete development in Brassica allohexaploids and provides more resourceful genetic information on the reproductive biology of Brassica polyploid breeding.
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19
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Abstract
Ageing, death, and potential immortality lie at the heart of biology, but two seemingly incompatible paradigms coexist in different research communities and have done since the nineteenth century. The universal senescence paradigm sees senescence as inevitable in all cells. Damage accumulates. The potential immortality paradigm sees some cells as potentially immortal, especially unicellular organisms, germ cells and cancerous cells. Recent research with animal cells, yeasts and bacteria show that damaged cell constituents do in fact build up, but can be diluted by growth and cell division, especially by asymmetric cell division. By contrast, mammalian embryonic stem cells and many cancerous and 'immortalized' cell lines divide symmetrically, and yet replicate indefinitely. How do they acquire their potential immortality? I suggest they are rejuvenated by excreting damaged cell constituents in extracellular vesicles. If so, our understanding of cellular senescence, rejuvenation and potential immortality could be brought together in a new synthesis, which I call the cellular rejuvenation hypothesis: damaged cell constituents build up in all cells, but cells can be rejuvenated either by growth and cell division or, in 'immortal' cell lines, by excreting damaged cell constituents. In electronic supplementary material, appendix, I outline nine ways in which this hypothesis could be tested.
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20
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Cui Y, Lu X, Gou X. Receptor-like protein kinases in plant reproduction: Current understanding and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100273. [PMID: 35059634 PMCID: PMC8760141 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants, and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture, such as grain yield and quality. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals. Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility. Here, we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels, including RLK-mediated floral organ development, ovule and anther development, and embryogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed. We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
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21
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Luo Y, Shi DQ, Jia PF, Bao Y, Li HJ, Yang WC. Nucleolar histone deacetylases HDT1, HDT2 and HDT3 regulate plant reproductive development. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:30-39. [PMID: 34699991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolus is a membrane-less organelle where ribosomes are assembled and rRNAs transcribed and processed. The assembled ribosomes composed of ribosomal proteins and rRNAs synthesize proteins for cell survival. In plants, the loss of nucleolar ribosomal proteins often causes gametophytically or embryonically lethality. The amount of rRNAs are under stringent regulation according to demand and partially switched off by epigenetic modifications. However, the molecular mechanism for the selective activation or silencing is still unclear, and the transcriptional coordination of rRNAs and ribosomal proteins is also unknown. Here we report the critical role of three Arabidopsis nucleolar protein HDT1, HDT2 and HDT3 in fertility and transcription of rDNAs and rRNA processing-related genes through histone acetylation. This study highlights the important roles of transcriptional repression of ribosome biogenesis-related genes for plant reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Qiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Hou Z, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhao L, Jin X, Liu L, Su Z, Cai H, Qin Y. High-throughput single-cell transcriptomics reveals the female germline differentiation trajectory in Arabidopsis thaliana. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1149. [PMID: 34599277 PMCID: PMC8486858 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Female germline cells in flowering plants differentiate from somatic cells to produce specialized reproductive organs, called ovules, embedded deep inside the flowers. We investigated the molecular basis of this distinctive developmental program by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of 16,872 single cells of Arabidopsis thaliana ovule primordia at three developmental time points during female germline differentiation. This allowed us to identify the characteristic expression patterns of the main cell types, including the female germline and its surrounding nucellus. We then reconstructed the continuous trajectory of female germline differentiation and observed dynamic waves of gene expression along the developmental trajectory. A focused analysis revealed transcriptional cascades and identified key transcriptional factors that showed distinct expression patterns along the germline differentiation trajectory. Our study provides a valuable reference dataset of the transcriptional process during female germline differentiation at single-cell resolution, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying germline cell fate determination. Zhimin Hou, Yanhui Liu et al. used single cell RNA-seq to analyze the model organism, Arabidopsis thaliana, at three stages during female germline differentiation. They reconstructed the continuous trajectory of female germline differentiation, providing a valuable reference for future investigation of germline cell fate determination in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Hou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Jin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenxia Su
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, China.
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23
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Plant egg cell fate determination depends on its exact position in female gametophyte. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017488118. [PMID: 33597298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017488118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant fertilization involves both an egg cell, which fuses with a sperm cell, and synergid cells, which guide pollen tubes for sperm cell delivery. Therefore, egg and synergid cell functional specifications are prerequisites for successful fertilization. However, how the egg and synergid cells, referred to as the "egg apparatus," derived from one mother cell develop into distinct cell types remains an unanswered question. In this report, we show that the final position of the nuclei in female gametophyte determines the cell fate of the egg apparatus. We established a live imaging system to visualize the dynamics of nuclear positioning and cell identity establishment in the female gametophyte. We observed that free nuclei should migrate to a specific position before egg apparatus specialization. Artificial changing in the nuclear position on disturbance of the actin cytoskeleton, either in vitro or in vivo, could reset the cell fate of the egg apparatus. We also found that nuclei of the same origin moved to different positions and then showed different cell identities, whereas nuclei of different origins moved to the same position showed the same cell identity, indicating that the final positions of the nuclei, rather than specific nucleus lineage, play critical roles in the egg apparatus specification. Furthermore, the active auxin level was higher in the egg cell than in synergid cells. Auxin transport inhibitor could decrease the auxin level in egg cells and impair egg cell identity, suggesting that directional and accurate auxin distribution likely acts as a positional cue for egg apparatus specialization.
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24
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Lee CH, Hawker NP, Peters JR, Lonhienne TGA, Gursanscky NR, Matthew L, Brosnan CA, Mann CWG, Cromer L, Taochy C, Ngo QA, Sundaresan V, Schenk PM, Kobe B, Borges F, Mercier R, Bowman JL, Carroll BJ. DEFECTIVE EMBRYO AND MERISTEMS genes are required for cell division and gamete viability in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009561. [PMID: 33999950 PMCID: PMC8158957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEFECTIVE EMBRYO AND MERISTEMS 1 (DEM1) gene encodes a protein of unknown biochemical function required for meristem formation and seedling development in tomato, but it was unclear whether DEM1’s primary role was in cell division or alternatively, in defining the identity of meristematic cells. Genome sequence analysis indicates that flowering plants possess at least two DEM genes. Arabidopsis has two DEM genes, DEM1 and DEM2, which we show are expressed in developing embryos and meristems in a punctate pattern that is typical of genes involved in cell division. Homozygous dem1 dem2 double mutants were not recovered, and plants carrying a single functional DEM1 allele and no functional copies of DEM2, i.e. DEM1/dem1 dem2/dem2 plants, exhibit normal development through to the time of flowering but during male reproductive development, chromosomes fail to align on the metaphase plate at meiosis II and result in abnormal numbers of daughter cells following meiosis. Additionally, these plants show defects in both pollen and embryo sac development, and produce defective male and female gametes. In contrast, dem1/dem1 DEM2/dem2 plants showed normal levels of fertility, indicating that DEM2 plays a more important role than DEM1 in gamete viability. The increased importance of DEM2 in gamete viability correlated with higher mRNA levels of DEM2 compared to DEM1 in most tissues examined and particularly in the vegetative shoot apex, developing siliques, pollen and sperm. We also demonstrate that gamete viability depends not only on the number of functional DEM alleles inherited following meiosis, but also on the number of functional DEM alleles in the parent plant that undergoes meiosis. Furthermore, DEM1 interacts with RAS-RELATED NUCLEAR PROTEIN 1 (RAN1) in yeast two-hybrid and pull-down binding assays, and we show that fluorescent proteins fused to DEM1 and RAN1 co-localize transiently during male meiosis and pollen development. In eukaryotes, RAN is a highly conserved GTPase that plays key roles in cell cycle progression, spindle assembly during cell division, reformation of the nuclear envelope following cell division, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Our results demonstrate that DEM proteins play an essential role in cell division in plants, most likely through an interaction with RAN1. Up to half of the genes predicted from genome projects lack a known biological and biochemical function. Many of these genes are likely to play essential roles but it is difficult to reveal their function because minor changes in the genetic sequence can result in lethality and genetic redundancy can obscure analysis. Genome projects predict that flowering plants have at least two DEM genes that encode a protein of unknown cellular and biochemical function. In this paper, we use multiple combinations of dem mutants in Arabidopsis to show that DEM genes are essential for cell division and gamete viability. Interestingly, gamete viability depends not only on the number of functional copies of DEM genes in the gametes, but also on the number of functional copies of DEM genes in the parent plant that produces the gametes. We also show that DEM proteins interact with RAN, a highly conserved protein that controls cell division in all eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hong Lee
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Nathaniel P. Hawker
- Section of Plant Biology, One Shields Avenue, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Thierry G. A. Lonhienne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Nial R. Gursanscky
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Louisa Matthew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Brosnan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Christopher W. G. Mann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Laurence Cromer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Taochy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Quy A. Ngo
- Section of Plant Biology, One Shields Avenue, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Venkatesan Sundaresan
- Section of Plant Biology, One Shields Avenue, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Peer M. Schenk
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Filipe Borges
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - John L. Bowman
- Section of Plant Biology, One Shields Avenue, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (JLB); (BJC)
| | - Bernard J. Carroll
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- * E-mail: (JLB); (BJC)
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25
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Functional analysis of a conserved domain in SWITCH1 reveals a role in commitment to female meiocyte differentiation in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 551:121-126. [PMID: 33725573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism of action of SWITCH1/DYAD (SWI1), an important regulator of plant meiosis in Arabidopsis that is required for meiotic chromosome organization including maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion. The central portion of SWI1 contains a domain of unknown function that shows strong conservation between SWI1 and its orthologs in maize and rice and is also found in paralogs including MALE MEIOCYTE DEATH 1 (MMD1). In order to examine the role of this domain we performed domain swap experiments into SWI1 in a swi1 mutant background. Domain swap analysis revealed functional conservation of the central domain between SWI1 and its orthologs but not with the domain from MMD1 suggesting that the domain plays an important role in SWI1 function that has been conserved in orthologs and diverged in paralogs in plant evolution. Analysis of expression of the non-complementing MMD1 domain swap SWI1(DSMMD1)::GFP transgenic lines revealed an altered pattern of expression that suggests a role for SWI1 in commitment to female meiocyte differentiation and meiosis. The results suggest that SWI1 may also play a developmental role as an identity determinant in the female germ cell lineage in addition to its known role in meiotic chromosome organization.
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26
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Zhang X, Man Y, Zhuang X, Shen J, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Yu M, Xing J, Wang G, Lian N, Hu Z, Ma L, Shen W, Yang S, Xu H, Bian J, Jing Y, Li X, Li R, Mao T, Jiao Y, Sodmergen, Ren H, Lin J. Plant multiscale networks: charting plant connectivity by multi-level analysis and imaging techniques. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33974222 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular and even single-celled organisms, individual components are interconnected at multiscale levels to produce enormously complex biological networks that help these systems maintain homeostasis for development and environmental adaptation. Systems biology studies initially adopted network analysis to explore how relationships between individual components give rise to complex biological processes. Network analysis has been applied to dissect the complex connectivity of mammalian brains across different scales in time and space in The Human Brain Project. In plant science, network analysis has similarly been applied to study the connectivity of plant components at the molecular, subcellular, cellular, organic, and organism levels. Analysis of these multiscale networks contributes to our understanding of how genotype determines phenotype. In this review, we summarized the theoretical framework of plant multiscale networks and introduced studies investigating plant networks by various experimental and computational modalities. We next discussed the currently available analytic methodologies and multi-level imaging techniques used to map multiscale networks in plants. Finally, we highlighted some of the technical challenges and key questions remaining to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457004, China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zijian Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingyu Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shunyao Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Bian
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sodmergen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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27
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Liu X, Tong M, Zhang A, Liu M, Zhao B, Liu Z, Li Z, Zhu X, Guo Y, Li R. COPII genes SEC31A/B are essential for gametogenesis and interchangeable in pollen development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1600-1614. [PMID: 33340171 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles mediate anterograde traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Compared to yeasts, plants have multiple COPII coat proteins; however, the functional diversity among them is less well understood. SEC31A and SEC31B are outer coat proteins found in COPII vesicles in Arabidopsis. In this study, we explored the function of SEC31A and compared it with that of SEC31B from various perspectives. SEC31A was widely expressed, but at a significantly lower level than SEC31B. SEC31A-mCherry and SEC31B-GFP exhibited a high co-localization rate in pollen, but a lower rate in growing pollen tubes. The sec31a single mutant exhibited normal growth. SEC31A expression driven by the SEC31B promoter rescued the pollen abortion and infertility observed in sec31b. A sec31asec31b double mutant was unavailable due to lethality of the sec31asec31b gametophyte. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that one quarter of male gametogenesis was arrested at the uninuclear microspore stage, while confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that 1/4 female gametophyte development was suspended at the functional megaspore stage in sec31a-1/+sec31b-3/+ plants. Our study highlights the essential role of SEC31A/B in gametogenesis and their interchangeable functions in pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Tong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Aiwei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Bingchun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojiao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyue Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
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28
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Saleme MDLS, Andrade IR, Eloy NB. The Role of Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in Plant Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642934. [PMID: 33719322 PMCID: PMC7943633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic species propagate through sexual reproduction that requires male and female gametes. In flowering plants, it starts through a single round of DNA replication (S phase) and two consecutive chromosome segregation (meiosis I and II). Subsequently, haploid mitotic divisions occur, which results in a male gametophyte (pollen grain) and a female gametophyte (embryo sac) formation. In order to obtain viable gametophytes, accurate chromosome segregation is crucial to ensure ploidy stability. A precise gametogenesis progression is tightly regulated in plants and is controlled by multiple mechanisms to guarantee a correct evolution through meiotic cell division and sexual differentiation. In the past years, research in the field has shown an important role of the conserved E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), in this process. The APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that targets proteins for degradation via proteasome 26S. The functional characterization of APC/C subunits in Arabidopsis, which is one of the main E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle, has revealed that all subunits investigated so far are essential for gametophytic development and/or embryogenesis.
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29
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Gomez MD, Barro-Trastoy D, Fuster-Almunia C, Tornero P, Alonso JM, Perez-Amador MA. Gibberellin-mediated RGA-LIKE1 degradation regulates embryo sac development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7059-7072. [PMID: 32845309 PMCID: PMC7906783 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ovule development is essential for plant survival, as it allows correct embryo and seed development upon fertilization. The female gametophyte is formed in the central area of the nucellus during ovule development, in a complex developmental programme that involves key regulatory genes and the plant hormones auxins and brassinosteroids. Here we provide novel evidence of the role of gibberellins (GAs) in the control of megagametogenesis and embryo sac development, via the GA-dependent degradation of RGA-LIKE1 (RGL1) in the ovule primordia. YPet-rgl1Δ17 plants, which express a dominant version of RGL1, showed reduced fertility, mainly due to altered embryo sac formation that varied from partial to total ablation. YPet-rgl1Δ17 ovules followed normal development of the megaspore mother cell, meiosis, and formation of the functional megaspore, but YPet-rgl1Δ17 plants had impaired mitotic divisions of the functional megaspore. This phenotype is RGL1-specific, as it is not observed in any other dominant mutants of the DELLA proteins. Expression analysis of YPet-rgl1Δ17 coupled to in situ localization of bioactive GAs in ovule primordia led us to propose a mechanism of GA-mediated RGL1 degradation that allows proper embryo sac development. Taken together, our data unravel a novel specific role of GAs in the control of female gametophyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Gomez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ed. 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniela Barro-Trastoy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ed. 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Fuster-Almunia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ed. 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Tornero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ed. 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Amador
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ed. 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Chen W, Jia PF, Yang WC, Li HJ. Plasma membrane H + -ATPases-mediated cytosolic proton gradient regulates pollen tube growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1817-1822. [PMID: 32520397 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The polar growth of pollen tubes is essential for the delivery of sperm cells during fertilization in angiosperms. How this polar growth is regulated has been a long-standing question. An in vitro pharmacological assay previously implicated proton flux in pollen tube growth, although genetic and cellular supporting evidence was lacking. Here, we report that protons form a gradient from the pollen tube tip to the shank region and this gradient is generated by three members of Arabidopsis H+ -ATPases (AHAs). Genetic analysis suggested that these AHAs are essential for pollen tube growth, thus providing new insight into the regulation of polar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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31
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Li HJ, Yang WC. Central Cell in Flowering Plants: Specification, Signaling, and Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:590307. [PMID: 33193544 PMCID: PMC7609669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the reproduction of animals and lower plants, one sperm cell usually outcompetes the rivals to fertilize a single egg cell. But in flowering plants, two sperm cells fertilize the two adjacent dimorphic female gametes, the egg and central cell, respectively, to initiate the embryo and endosperm within a seed. The endosperm nourishes the embryo development and is also the major source of nutrition in cereals for humankind. Central cell as one of the key innovations of flowering plants is the biggest cell in the multicellular haploid female gametophyte (embryo sac). The embryo sac differentiates from the meiotic products through successive events of nuclear divisions, cellularization, and cell specification. Nowadays, accumulating lines of evidence are raveling multiple roles of the central cell rather than only the endosperm precursor. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on its cell fate specification, intercellular communication, and evolution. We also highlight some key unsolved questions for the further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Song Q, Ando A, Jiang N, Ikeda Y, Chen ZJ. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals ploidy-dependent and cell-specific transcriptome changes in Arabidopsis female gametophytes. Genome Biol 2020; 21:178. [PMID: 32698836 PMCID: PMC7375004 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyploidy provides new genetic material that facilitates evolutionary novelty, species adaptation, and crop domestication. Polyploidy often leads to an increase in cell or organism size, which may affect transcript abundance or transcriptome size, but the relationship between polyploidy and transcriptome changes remains poorly understood. Plant cells often undergo endoreduplication, confounding the polyploid effect. RESULTS To mitigate these effects, we select female gametic cells that are developmentally stable and void of endoreduplication. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in Arabidopsis thaliana tetraploid lines and isogenic diploids, we show that transcriptome abundance doubles in the egg cell and increases approximately 1.6-fold in the central cell, consistent with cell size changes. In the central cell of tetraploid plants, DEMETER (DME) is upregulated, which can activate PRC2 family members FIS2 and MEA, and may suppress the expression of other genes. Upregulation of cell size regulators in tetraploids, including TOR and OSR2, may increase the size of reproductive cells. In diploids, the order of transcriptome abundance is central cell, synergid cell, and egg cell, consistent with their cell size variation. Remarkably, we uncover new sets of female gametophytic cell-specific transcripts with predicted biological roles; the most abundant transcripts encode families of cysteine-rich peptides, implying roles in cell-cell recognition during double fertilization. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome in single cells doubles in tetraploid plants compared to diploid, while the degree of change and relationship to the cell size depends on cell types. These scRNA-seq resources are free of cross-contamination and are uniquely valuable for advancing plant hybridization, reproductive biology, and polyploid genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Song
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Atsumi Ando
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Z Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Chen D, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li N, Dai B, Xie F, Sun Y, Sun M, Peng X. Gametophyte-specific DEAD-box RNA helicase 29 is required for functional maturation of male and female gametophytes in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4083-4092. [PMID: 32280991 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of male and female gametophytes together with its impact on plant sexual reproduction has not received much attention, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the process are largely unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis DEAD-box RNA helicase 29 (RH29) is critical for the functional maturation of both male and female gametophytes. Homozygous rh29 mutants could not be obtained, and heterozygous mutant plants were semi-sterile. Progression of the cell cycle in rh29 female gametophytes was delayed. Delayed pollination experiments showed that rh29 female gametophytes underwent cell-fate specification but were unable to develop into functional gametophytes. Functional specification but not morphogenesis was also disrupted in rh29 male gametophytes, causing defective pollen tube growth in the pistil. RH29 was highly and specifically expressed in gametophytic cells. RH29 shares high amino acid sequence identity with yeast Dbp10p, which partially rescues the aborted-ovules phenotype of rh29/RH29 plants. RH29 is essential for the synthesis of REGULATORY PARTICLE TRIPLE A ATPase 5a (RPT5a), a subunit of the regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome. Our results suggest that gametophyte functional maturation is a necessary process for successful fertilization and that RH29 is essential for the functional maturation of both male and female gametophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yameng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Adhikari PB, Liu X, Wu X, Zhu S, Kasahara RD. Fertilization in flowering plants: an odyssey of sperm cell delivery. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:9-32. [PMID: 32124177 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In light of the available discoveries in the field, this review manuscript discusses on plant reproduction mechanism and molecular players involved in the process. Sperm cells in angiosperms are immotile and are physically distant to the female gametophytes (FG). To secure the production of the next generation, plants have devised a clever approach by which the two sperm cells in each pollen are safely delivered to the female gametophyte where two fertilization events occur (by each sperm cell fertilizing an egg cell and central cell) to give rise to embryo and endosperm. Each of the successfully fertilized ovules later develops into a seed. Sets of macromolecules play roles in pollen tube (PT) guidance, from the stigma, through the transmitting tract and funiculus to the micropylar end of the ovule. Other sets of genetic players are involved in PT reception and in its rupture after it enters the ovule, and yet other sets of genes function in gametic fusion. Angiosperms have come long way from primitive reproductive structure development to today's sophisticated, diverse, and in most cases flamboyant organ. In this review, we will be discussing on the intricate yet complex molecular mechanism of double fertilization and how it might have been shaped by the evolutionary forces focusing particularly on the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Adhikari
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ryushiro D Kasahara
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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35
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Warman C, Panda K, Vejlupkova Z, Hokin S, Unger-Wallace E, Cole RA, Chettoor AM, Jiang D, Vollbrecht E, Evans MMS, Slotkin RK, Fowler JE. High expression in maize pollen correlates with genetic contributions to pollen fitness as well as with coordinated transcription from neighboring transposable elements. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008462. [PMID: 32236090 PMCID: PMC7112179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, gene expression in the haploid male gametophyte (pollen) is essential for sperm delivery and double fertilization. Pollen also undergoes dynamic epigenetic regulation of expression from transposable elements (TEs), but how this process interacts with gene expression is not clearly understood. To explore relationships among these processes, we quantified transcript levels in four male reproductive stages of maize (tassel primordia, microspores, mature pollen, and sperm cells) via RNA-seq. We found that, in contrast with vegetative cell-limited TE expression in Arabidopsis pollen, TE transcripts in maize accumulate as early as the microspore stage and are also present in sperm cells. Intriguingly, coordinate expression was observed between highly expressed protein-coding genes and their neighboring TEs, specifically in mature pollen and sperm cells. To investigate a potential relationship between elevated gene transcript level and pollen function, we measured the fitness cost (male-specific transmission defect) of GFP-tagged coding sequence insertion mutations in over 50 genes identified as highly expressed in the pollen vegetative cell, sperm cell, or seedling (as a sporophytic control). Insertions in seedling genes or sperm cell genes (with one exception) exhibited no difference from the expected 1:1 transmission ratio. In contrast, insertions in over 20% of vegetative cell genes were associated with significant reductions in fitness, showing a positive correlation of transcript level with non-Mendelian segregation when mutant. Insertions in maize gamete expressed2 (Zm gex2), the sole sperm cell gene with measured contributions to fitness, also triggered seed defects when crossed as a male, indicating a conserved role in double fertilization, given the similar phenotype previously demonstrated for the Arabidopsis ortholog GEX2. Overall, our study demonstrates a developmentally programmed and coordinated transcriptional activation of TEs and genes in pollen, and further identifies maize pollen as a model in which transcriptomic data have predictive value for quantitative phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedar Warman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kaushik Panda
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zuzana Vejlupkova
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sam Hokin
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Erica Unger-Wallace
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rex A. Cole
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Antony M. Chettoor
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Erik Vollbrecht
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Matthew M. S. Evans
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - R. Keith Slotkin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John E. Fowler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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36
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Transcriptional repression specifies the central cell for double fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6231-6236. [PMID: 32132210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909465117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Double fertilization is a key innovation for the evolutionary success of angiosperms by which the two fertilized female gametes, the egg cell and central cell, generate the embryo and endosperm, respectively. The female gametophyte (embryo sac) enclosed in the sporophyte is derived from a one-celled haploid cell lineage. It undergoes successive events of mitotic divisions, cellularization, and cell specification to give rise to the mature embryo sac, which contains the two female gametes accompanied by two types of accessory cells, namely synergids and antipodals. How the cell fate of the central cell is specified has long been equivocal and is further complicated by the structural diversity of female gametophyte across plant taxa. Here, MADS-box protein AGL80 was verified as a transcriptional repressor that directly suppresses the expression of accessory cell-specific genes to specify the central cell. Further genetic rescue and phylogenetic assay of the AGL80 orthologs revealed a possible conserved mechanism in the Brassicaceae family. Results from this study provide insight into the molecular determination of the second female gamete cell in Brassicaceae.
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37
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Meng JG, Liang L, Jia PF, Wang YC, Li HJ, Yang WC. Integration of ovular signals and exocytosis of a Ca 2+ channel by MLOs in pollen tube guidance. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:143-153. [PMID: 32055051 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane in response to extracellular signals is critical for development, stress response and reproduction, but is poorly understood. During flowering-plant reproduction, pollen tubes grow directionally to the ovule, which is guided by ovule-derived signals and dependent on Ca2+ dynamics. However, it is unknown how ovular signals are integrated with cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics in the pollen tube. Here, we show that MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O 5 (MLO5), MLO9 and MLO15 are required for pollen tube responses to ovular signals in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypically distinct from the ovule-bypass phenotype of previously identified mutants, mlo5 mlo9 double-mutant and mlo5 mlo9 mlo15 triple-mutant pollen tubes twist and pile up after sensing the ovular cues. Molecular studies reveal that MLO5 and MLO9 selectively recruit Ca2+ channel CNGC18-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane through the R-SNARE proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 in trans mode. This study identifies members of the conserved seven transmembrane MLO family (expressed in the pollen tube) as tethering factors for Ca2+ channels, reveals a novel mechanism of molecular integration of extracellular ovular cues and selective exocytosis, and sheds light on the general regulation of MLO proteins in cell responses to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Collage of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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38
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Liu H, Cao A, Yang L, Wang J. Rice Female Meiosis: Genome-Wide mRNA, Small RNA, and DNA Methylation Analysis During Ovule Development. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2061:267-280. [PMID: 31583666 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9818-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is an essential process in sexual life cycle, not only for the genomic stability maintenance but also for the genetic diversity creation through recombination. In rice ovule, megaspore mother cells undergo meiosis to form megaspores; then the functional megaspore performs three rounds of mitoses to form female gametophyte. However, the mechanism of gene expression and regulation in female meiosis process is still poorly understood. As important gene regulatory factors, miRNAs and DNA methylation are widely involved in plant meiosis and ovule development. In order to systematically study the potential mechanism of gene expression and regulation in female meiosis, ovules at megaspore mother cell meiosis stage, functional megaspore mitosis stage, and mature female gametophytes are collected to perform genome-wide RNA sequencing, small RNA sequencing, and bisulfite sequencing. Through bioinformatics analysis, we obtained many differentially expressed genes, miRNAs, and differentially methylated genes related to female meiosis. These data may provide important clues for further revealing the mechanism of female meiosis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helian Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aqin Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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39
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Barrett LG, Legros M, Kumaran N, Glassop D, Raghu S, Gardiner DM. Gene drives in plants: opportunities and challenges for weed control and engineered resilience. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191515. [PMID: 31551052 PMCID: PMC6784734 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant species, populations and communities are under threat from climate change, invasive pathogens, weeds and habitat fragmentation. Despite considerable research effort invested in genome engineering for crop improvement, the development of genetic tools for the management of wild plant populations has rarely been given detailed consideration. Gene drive systems that allow direct genetic management of plant populations via the spread of fitness-altering genetic modifications could be of great utility. However, despite the rapid development of synthetic tools and their enormous promise, little explicit consideration has been given to their application in plants and, to date, they remain untested. This article considers the potential utility of gene drives for the management of wild plant populations, and examines the factors that might influence the design, spread and efficacy of synthetic drives. To gain insight into optimal ways to design and deploy synthetic drive systems, we investigate the diversity of mechanisms underlying natural gene drives and their dynamics within plant populations and species. We also review potential approaches for engineering gene drives and discuss their potential application to plant genomes. We highlight the importance of considering the impact of plant life-history and genetic architecture on the dynamics of drive, investigate the potential for different types of resistance evolution, and touch on the ethical, regulatory and social challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke G. Barrett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mathieu Legros
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Donna Glassop
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - S. Raghu
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donald M. Gardiner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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40
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Ashapkin VV, Kutueva LI, Aleksandrushkina NI, Vanyushin BF. Epigenetic Regulation of Plant Gametophyte Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123051. [PMID: 31234519 PMCID: PMC6627097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike in animals, the reproductive lineage cells in plants differentiate from within somatic tissues late in development to produce a specific haploid generation of the life cycle-male and female gametophytes. In flowering plants, the male gametophyte develops within the anthers and the female gametophyte-within the ovule. Both gametophytes consist of only a few cells. There are two major stages of gametophyte development-meiotic and post-meiotic. In the first stage, sporocyte mother cells differentiate within the anther (pollen mother cell) and the ovule (megaspore mother cell). These sporocyte mother cells undergo two meiotic divisions to produce four haploid daughter cells-male spores (microspores) and female spores (megaspores). In the second stage, the haploid spore cells undergo few asymmetric haploid mitotic divisions to produce the 3-cell male or 7-cell female gametophyte. Both stages of gametophyte development involve extensive epigenetic reprogramming, including siRNA dependent changes in DNA methylation and chromatin restructuring. This intricate mosaic of epigenetic changes determines, to a great extent, embryo and endosperm development in the future sporophyte generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ashapkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila I Kutueva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
| | | | - Boris F Vanyushin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
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41
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Long YP, Xie DJ, Zhao YY, Shi DQ, Yang WC. BICELLULAR POLLEN 1 is a modulator of DNA replication and pollen development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:588-603. [PMID: 30484867 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During male gametogenesis in Arabidopsis, the haploid microspore undergoes an asymmetric division to produce a vegetative and a generative cell, the latter of which continues to divide symmetrically to form two sperms. This simple system couples cell cycle with cell fate specification. Here we addressed the role of DNA replication in male gametogenesis using a mutant bicellular pollen 1 (bice1), which produces bicellular, rather than tricellular, pollen grains as in the wild-type plant at anthesis. The mutation prolonged DNA synthesis of the generative cell, which resulted in c. 40% of pollen grains arrested at the two-nucleate stage. The extended S phase did not impact the cell fate of the generative cell as shown by cell-specific markers. BICE1 encodes a plant homolog of human D123 protein that is required for G1 progression, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we showed that BICE1 interacts with MCM4 and MCM7 of the pre-replication complex. Consistently, double mutations in BICE1 and MCM4, or MCM7, also led to bicellular pollen and condensed chromosomes. These suggest that BICE1 plays a role in modulating DNA replication via interaction with MCM4 and MCM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Long
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong-Jiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dong-Qiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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42
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Luo C, Li X, Zhang Q, Yan J. Single gametophyte sequencing reveals that crossover events differ between sexes in maize. Nat Commun 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 30770831 PMCID: PMC6377631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossover (CO) plays a key role in producing gametophytes and generating genetic variation. The patterns of CO production differ inter- and intra-species, as well as between sexes. However, sex-specific patterns of CO production have not been accurately profiled independently of genetic backgrounds in maize. Here, we develop a method to isolate single female gametophyte for genomes sequencing in maize. We show that more COs are observed in male (19.3 per microspore) than in female (12.4 per embryo sac). Based on Beam-Film model, the more designated class I and II COs are identified in male than in female. In addition, CO maturation inefficiency (CMI) is detected in some genetic backgrounds, suggesting that maize may be an ideal model for dissecting CMI. This research provides insights toward understanding the molecular mechanism of CO production between sexes and may help to improve maize breeding efficiency through paternal selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zhang C, Teng XD, Zheng QQ, Zhao YY, Lu JY, Wang Y, Guo H, Yang ZN. Ethylene signaling is critical for synergid cell functional specification and pollen tube attraction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:176-187. [PMID: 30003612 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) is a key regulator of ethylene signaling, and EIN3-BINDING F-BOX1 (EBF1) and EBF2 are responsible for EIN3 degradation. Previous reports have shown that the ebf1 ebf2 double homozygous mutant cannot be identified. In this study, the genetic analysis revealed that the ebf1 ebf2 female gametophyte is defective. The pollination experiment showed that ebf1 ebf2 ovules failed to attract pollen tubes. In female gametophyte/ovule, the synergid cell is responsible for pollen tube attraction. Observation of the pEIN3::EIN3-GFP transgenic lines showed that EIN3 signal was over-accumulated at the micropylar end of ebf1 ebf2 female gametophyte. The overexpression of stabilized EIN3 in synergid cell led to the defect of pollen tube guidance. These results suggested that the over-accumulated EIN3 in ebf1 ebf2 synergid cell blocks its pollen tube attraction which leads to the failure of ebf1 ebf2 homozygous plant. We identified that EIN3 directly activated the expression of a sugar transporter, SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE29 (SAG29/SWEET15). Overexpression of SAG29 in synergid cells blocked pollen tube attraction, suggesting that SAG29 might play a role in ethylene signaling to repel pollen tube entry. Taken together, our study reveals that strict control of ethylene signaling is critical for the synergid cell function during plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Teng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yan-Yun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jie-Yang Lu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 508055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 508055, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Li LX, Liao HZ, Jiang LX, Tan Q, Ye D, Zhang XQ. Arabidopsis thaliana NOP10 is required for gametophyte formation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:723-736. [PMID: 29578643 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The female gametophyte is crucial for sexual reproduction of higher plants, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its development. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana NOP10 (AtNOP10) is required for female gametophyte formation. AtNOP10 was expressed predominantly in the seedling and reproductive tissues, including anthers, pollen grains, and ovules. Mutations in AtNOP10 interrupted mitosis of the functional megaspore during early development and prevented polar nuclear fusion in the embryo sacs. AtNOP10 shares a high level of amino acid sequence similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) NOP10 (ScNOP10), an important component of the H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (H/ACA snoRNPs) implicated in 18S rRNA synthesis and rRNA pseudouridylation. Heterologous expression of ScNOP10 complemented the mutant phenotype of Atnop10. Thus, AtNOP10 influences functional megaspore mitosis and polar nuclear fusion during gametophyte formation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Ze Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Li-Xi Jiang
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - De Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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45
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RNA-seq Analysis Reveals Gene Expression Profiling of Female Fertile and Sterile Ovules of PinusTabulaeformis Carr. during Free Nuclear Mitosis of the Female Gametophyte. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082246. [PMID: 30071597 PMCID: PMC6122031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the female gametophyte (FG) is one of the key processes of life cycle alteration between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophytes in plants and it is required for successful seed development after fertilization. It is well demonstrated that free nuclear mitosis (FNM) of FG is crucial for the development of the ovule. However, studies of the molecular mechanism of ovule and FG development focused mainly on angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and further investigation of gymnosperms remains to be completed. Here, Illumina sequencing of six transcriptomic libraries obtained from developing and abortive ovules at different stages during free nuclear mitosis of magagametophyte (FNMM) was used to acquire transcriptome data and gene expression profiles of Pinus tabulaeformis. Six cDNA libraries generated a total of 71.0 million high-quality clean reads that aligned with 63,449 unigenes and the comparison between developing and abortive ovules identified 7174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). From the functional annotation results, DEGs involved in the cell cycle and phytohormone regulation were highlighted to reveal their biological importance in ovule development. Furthermore, validation of DEGs from the phytohormone signal transduction pathway was performed using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, revealing the dynamics of transcriptional networks and potential key components in the regulation of FG development in P. tabulaeformis were identified. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of ovule development in woody gymnosperms.
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Ren L, Tang D, Zhao T, Zhang F, Liu C, Xue Z, Shi W, Du G, Shen Y, Li Y, Cheng Z. OsSPL regulates meiotic fate acquisition in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:789-803. [PMID: 29479720 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, the key step in sexual reproduction is successful acquisition of meiotic fate. However, the molecular mechanism determining meiotic fate remains largely unknown. Here, we report that OsSPOROCYTELESS (OsSPL) is critical for meiotic entry in rice (Oryza sativa). We performed a large-scale genetic screen of rice sterile mutants aimed to identify genes regulating meiotic entry and identified OsSPL using map-based cloning. We showed that meiosis-specific callose deposition, chromatin organization, and centromere-specific histone H3 loading were altered in the cells corresponding to pollen mother cells in Osspl anthers. Global transcriptome analysis showed that the enriched differentially expressed genes in Osspl were mainly related to redox status, meiotic process, and parietal cell development. OsSPL might form homodimers and interact with TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factor OsTCP5 via the SPL dimerization and TCP interaction domain. OsSPL also interacts with TPL (TOPLESS) corepressors, OsTPL2 and OsTPL3, via the EAR motif. Our results suggest that the OsSPL-mediated signaling pathway plays a crucial role in rice meiotic entry, which appears to be a conserved regulatory mechanism for meiotic fate acquisition in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhihui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Cao L, Wang S, Venglat P, Zhao L, Cheng Y, Ye S, Qin Y, Datla R, Zhou Y, Wang H. Arabidopsis ICK/KRP cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors function to ensure the formation of one megaspore mother cell and one functional megaspore per ovule. PLoS Genet 2018. [PMID: 29513662 PMCID: PMC5858843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In most plants, the female germline starts with the differentiation of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule that produces four megaspores through meiosis, one of which survives to become the functional megaspore (FM). The FM further develops into an embryo sac. Little is known regarding the control of MMC formation to one per ovule and the selective survival of the FM. The ICK/KRPs (interactor/inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/Kip-related proteins) are plant CDK inhibitors and cell cycle regulators. Here we report that in the ovules of Arabidopsis mutant with all seven ICK/KRP genes inactivated, supernumerary MMCs, FMs and embryo sacs were formed and the two embryo sacs could be fertilized to form two embryos with separate endosperm compartments. Twin seedlings were observed in about 2% seeds. Further, in the mutant ovules the number and position of surviving megaspores from one MMC were variable, indicating that the positional signal for determining the survival of megaspore was affected. Strikingly, ICK4 fusion protein with yellow fluorescence protein was strongly present in the degenerative megaspores but absent in the FM, suggesting an important role of ICKs in the degeneration of non-functional megaspores. The absence of or much weaker phenotypes in lower orders of mutants and complementation of the septuple mutant by ICK4 or ICK7 indicate that multiple ICK/KRPs function redundantly in restricting the formation of more than one MMC and in the selective survival of FM, which are critical to ensure the development of one embryo sac and one embryo per ovule. In most plants, the female germline starts with the differentiation of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule that produces multiple megaspores through meiosis. One of the megaspores in a fixed position survives to become the functional megaspore (FM) while the other megaspores undergo degeneration. The FM further develops into an embryo sac. We have been working on the functions and regulation of a family of plant cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors called ICKs or KRPs. We observed that in the ovules of Arabidopsis mutant with all seven ICK/KRP genes inactivated, multiple MMCs, FMs and embryo sacs were formed, and the embryo sacs could be fertilized to produce two embryos with separate endosperm compartments. Further, in mutant ovules the number and position of surviving megaspores from one MMC were variable and ICK4-YFP (yellow fluorescence protein) fusion protein was strongly expressed in the degenerative megaspores but absent in the FM. Those findings together with other results in our study indicate that multiple ICK/KRPs function redundantly in controlling the formation of one MMC per ovule and also in the degeneration of non-functional megaspores, which are critical for the subsequent development of one embryo sac per ovule and one embryo per seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sheng Wang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Lihua Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shengjian Ye
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Raju Datla
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
| | - Hong Wang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
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Li HJ, Meng JG, Yang WC. Multilayered signaling pathways for pollen tube growth and guidance. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:31-41. [PMID: 29441420 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproductive success is essential for the survival of all higher organisms. As the most prosperous and diverse group of land plants on earth, flowering plants evolved highly sophisticated fertilization mechanisms. To adapt to the terrestrial environment, a tubular structure pollen tube has been evolved to deliver the immobile sperm cells to the egg and central cell enclosed within the ovule. The pollen tube is generated from the vegetative cell of the pollen (male gametophyte), where two sperm cells are hosted. Pollen tube elongation in the maternal tissue and navigation to the ovule require intimate cell-cell interactions between the tube and female tissues. Questions on how the single-celled pollen tube accomplishes such task and how the female tissues accommodate the tube have attracted many plant biologists. Here, we review recent progresses and concepts in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing pollen tube growth and its interactions with the female tissues. We will also discuss the future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Su S, Higashiyama T. Arabinogalactan proteins and their sugar chains: functions in plant reproduction, research methods, and biosynthesis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:67-75. [PMID: 29470639 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The arabinogalactan protein (AGP) family is one of the most complex protein families and is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. Moreover, it has been demonstrated to play various roles during plant reproduction. A typical AGP contains a hydroxyproline-rich core protein with high heterogeneity and varying numbers of polysaccharide side chains. However, the functions of the polysaccharide components (i.e. AG sugar chains) remain largely unknown due to the general difficulties associated with studying sugar chains in glycobiology. In recent years, methodological breakthroughs have resulted in substantial progress in AGP research. Here, we summarise the multiple roles of AGPs during plant gametophyte development and male-female communication, with a focus on recent advances. In addition, we discuss the analytical tools used in AGP research, and the biosynthesis and function of AG sugar chains. A comprehensive understanding of the AGP family will help clarify the mechanisms precisely controlling reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Su
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
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50
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Ferreira LG, de Alencar Dusi DM, Irsigler AST, Gomes ACMM, Mendes MA, Colombo L, de Campos Carneiro VT. GID1 expression is associated with ovule development of sexual and apomictic plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:293-306. [PMID: 29080908 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BbrizGID1 is expressed in the nucellus of apomictic Brachiaria brizantha, previous to aposporous initial differentiation. AtGID1a overexpression triggers differentiation of Arabidopsis thaliana MMC-like cells, suggesting its involvement in ovule development. GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) is a gibberellin receptor previously identified in plants and associated with reproductive development, including ovule formation. In this work, we characterized the Brachiaria brizantha GID1 gene (BbrizGID1). BbrizGID1 showed up to 92% similarity to GID1-like gibberellin receptors of other plants of the Poaceae family and around 58% to GID1-like gibberellin receptors of Arabidopsis thaliana. BbrizGID1 was more expressed in ovaries at megasporogenesis than in ovaries at megagametogenesis of both sexual and apomictic plants. In ovules, BbrizGID1 transcripts were detected in the megaspore mother cell (MMC) of sexual and apomictic B. brizantha. Only in the apomictic plants, expression was also observed in the surrounding nucellar cells, a region in which aposporous initial cells differentiate to form the aposporic embryo sac. AtGID1a ectopic expression in Arabidopsis determines the formation of MMC-like cells in the nucellus, close to the MMC, that did not own MMC identity. Our results suggest that GID1 might be involved in the proper differentiation of a single MMC during ovule development and provide valuable information on the role of GID1 in sexual and apomictic reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gomes Ferreira
- Department of Biology, University of Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro S/N-Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB Av. W5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Diva Maria de Alencar Dusi
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB Av. W5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - André Southernman Teixeira Irsigler
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB Av. W5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Meneses Mendes Gomes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB Av. W5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marta Adelina Mendes
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Tavares de Campos Carneiro
- Department of Biology, University of Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro S/N-Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB Av. W5 Norte, Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil.
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