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Kwak JS, Lee KH, Min WK, Lee SJ, Song JT, Seo HS. The transmembrane domain of the rice small protein OsS1Fa1 is responsible for subcellular localization and drought tolerance. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 39180227 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
OsS1Fa1, a homologue of spinach S1Fa, is a small protein in rice that contains four distinct conserved motifs and participates in drought tolerance. However, the biological functions of these conserved motifs have not been characterized to date. Therefore, we investigated the roles of these conserved domains in the localization and cellular function of OsS1Fa1. We analysed the subcellular localization of OsS1Fa1 using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), following particle bombardment and bacterial infiltration. An E. coli in vivo reconstituted sumoylation assay was conducted to investigate sumoylation of OsS1Fa1. We characterized the function of the transmembrane domain of OsS1Fa1 in drought tolerance using transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Fluorescence analysis showed that OsS1Fa1 localized to the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes. Mutation and cell fractionation analyses revealed that the membrane localization domain determined the subcellular localization of OsS1Fa1. The rice homologue OsS1Fa2 and Arabidopsis orthologs AtS1Fa1, AtS1Fa2, and AtS1Fa3 also exhibited similar localization patterns as OsS1Fa1. Sumoylation analysis demonstrated that OsS1Fa1 was conjugated with the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO). Transgenic analysis showed that overexpression of OsS1Fa1(TMm1), a mutant form of the transmembrane domain of OsS1Fa1, in Arabidopsis did not enhance drought stress tolerance, whereas OsS1Fa1 overexpression improved the drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Our data indicate that rice and Arabidopsis S1Fa1 proteins localize in the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes, and that transmembrane domain determines subcellular localization and plays an important role in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - W K Min
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J T Song
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - H S Seo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Moreira D, Kaur D, Fourbert-Mendes S, Showalter AM, Coimbra S, Pereira AM. Eight hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferases play essential roles in female reproductive development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112231. [PMID: 39154893 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In angiosperms, ovules give rise to seeds upon fertilization. Thus, seed formation is dependent on both successful ovule development and tightly controlled communication between female and male gametophytes. During establishment of these interactions, cell walls play a pivotal role, especially arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs). AGPs are highly glycosylated proteins decorated by arabinogalactan side chains, representing 90 % of the AGP molecule. AGP glycosylation is initiated by a reaction catalysed by hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferases (Hyp-GALTs), specifically eight of them (GALT2-9), which add the first galactose to Hyp residues. Five Hyp-GALTs (GALT2, 5, 7, 8 and 9) were previously described as essential for AGP functions in pollen and ovule development, pollen-pistil interactions, and seed morphology. In the present work, a higher order Hyp-GALT mutant (23456789) was studied, with a high degree of under-glycosylated AGPs, to gain deeper insight into the crucial roles of these eight enzymes in female reproductive tissues. Notably, the 23456789 mutant demonstrated a high quantity of unfertilized ovules, displaying abnormal callose accumulation both at the micropylar region and, sometimes, throughout the entire embryo sac. Additionally, this mutant displayed ovules with abnormal embryo sacs, had a disrupted spatiotemporal distribution of AGPs in female reproductive tissues, and showed abnormal seed and embryo development, concomitant with a reduction in AGP-GlcA levels. This study revealed that at least three more enzymes exhibit Hyp-O-GALT activity in Arabidopsis (GALT3, 4 and 6), and reinforces the crucial importance of AGP carbohydrates in carrying out the biological functions of AGPs during plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA
| | - Sara Fourbert-Mendes
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979, USA
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- LAQV Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
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3
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Wang X, Liu X, Song K, Du L. An insight into the roles of ubiquitin-specific proteases in plants: development and growth, morphogenesis, and stress response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396634. [PMID: 38993940 PMCID: PMC11236618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved and dynamic post-translational modification in which protein substrates are modified by ubiquitin to influence their activity, localization, or stability. Deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) counter ubiquitin signaling by removing ubiquitin from the substrates. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs), the largest subfamily of DUBs, are conserved in plants, serving diverse functions across various cellular processes, although members within the same group often exhibit functional redundancy. Here, we briefly review recent advances in understanding the biological roles of UBPs, particularly the molecular mechanism by which UBPs regulate plant development and growth, morphogenesis, and stress response, which sheds light on the mechanistic roles of deubiquitination in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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4
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Mizuta Y, Sakakibara D, Nagahara S, Kaneshiro I, Nagae TT, Kurihara D, Higashiyama T. Deep imaging reveals dynamics and signaling in one-to-one pollen tube guidance. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2529-2549. [PMID: 38773320 PMCID: PMC11169409 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pistil of flowering plants, each ovule usually associates with a single pollen tube for fertilization. This one-to-one pollen tube guidance, which contributes to polyspermy blocking and efficient seed production, is largely different from animal chemotaxis of many sperms to one egg. However, the functional mechanisms underlying the directional cues and polytubey blocks in the depths of the pistil remain unknown. Here, we develop a two-photon live imaging method to directly observe pollen tube guidance in the pistil of Arabidopsis thaliana, clarifying signaling and cellular behaviors in the one-to-one guidance. Ovules are suggested to emit multiple signals for pollen tubes, including an integument-dependent directional signal that reaches the inner surface of the septum and adhesion signals for emerged pollen tubes on the septum. Not only FERONIA in the septum but ovular gametophytic FERONIA and LORELEI, as well as FERONIA- and LORELEI-independent repulsion signal, are involved in polytubey blocks on the ovular funiculus. However, these funicular blocks are not strictly maintained in the first 45 min, explaining previous reports of polyspermy in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Mizuta
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Daigo Sakakibara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shiori Nagahara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kaneshiro
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya T Nagae
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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6
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Liu X, Zhu D, Zhao F, Gao Y, Li J, Li Y. VAMP726 and VAMP725 regulate vesicle secretion and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1951-1965. [PMID: 37805949 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE VAMP726/VAMP725 and SYP131 can form a part of a SNARE complex to mediate vesicle secretion at the pollen tube apex. Secretory vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane of the pollen tube tip is a key step in pollen tube growth. Membrane fusion was mediated by SNAREs. However, little is known about the composition and function of the SNARE complex during pollen tube tip growth. In this study, we constructed a double mutant vamp725 vamp726 via CRISPR‒Cas9. Fluorescence labeling combined with microscopic observation, luciferase complementation imaging, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down were applied in the study. We show that double mutation of the R-SNAREs VAMP726 and VAMP725 significantly inhibits pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis and slows vesicle exocytosis at the apex of the pollen tube. GFP-VAMP726 and VAMP725-GFP localize mainly to secretory vesicles and the plasma membrane at the apex of the pollen tube. In addition, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments showed that mCherry-VAMP726 colocalizes with Qa-SNARE SYP131 in the central region of the pollen tube apical plasma membrane. Furthermore, we found that VAMP726 and VAMP725 can interact with the SYP131. Based on these results, we suggest that VAMP726/VAMP725 and SYP131 can form a part of a SNARE complex to mediate vesicle secretion at the pollen tube apex, and vesicle secretion may mainly occur at the central region of the pollen tube apical plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yadan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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7
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Sasidharan R, Brokate L, Eilers EJ, Müller C. Chemodiversity in flowers of Tanacetum vulgare has consequences on a florivorous beetle. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1071-1082. [PMID: 37703504 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of plant individuals can vary, leading to high intraspecific chemodiversity. Diversity of floral chemistry may impact the responses of flower-feeding insects. Tanacetum vulgare plants vary significantly in their leaf terpenoid composition, forming distinct chemotypes. We investigated the composition of terpenoids and nutrients of flower heads and pollen in plants belonging to three chemotypes - dominated either by β-thujone (BThu), artemisia ketone (Keto) or a mixture of (Z)-myroxide, santolina triene, and artemisyl acetate (Myrox) - using different analytical platforms. We tested the effects of these differences on preferences, weight gain and performance of adults of the shining flower beetle, Olibrus aeneus. The terpenoid composition and diversity of flower heads and pollen significantly differed among individuals belonging to the above chemotypes, while total concentrations of pollen terpenoids, sugars, amino acids, and lipids did not differ. Beetles preferred BThu over the Myrox chemotype in both olfactory and contact choice assays, while the Keto chemotype was marginally repellent according to olfactory assays. The beetles gained the least weight within 48 h and their initial mortality was highest when feeding exclusively on floral tissues of the Myrox chemotype. Short-term weight gain and long-term performance were highest when feeding on the BThu chemotype. In conclusion, the beetles showed chemotype-specific responses towards different T. vulgare chemotypes, which may be attributed to the terpenoid composition in flower heads and pollen rather than to differences in nutrient profiles. Both richness and overall diversity are important factors when determining chemodiversity of individual plants and their consequences on interacting insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sasidharan
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - L Brokate
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - E J Eilers
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CTL GmbH Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Ramming A, Kappel C, Kanaoka MM, Higashiyama T, Lenhard M. Poly(A) polymerase 1 contributes to competence acquisition of pollen tubes growing through the style in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:651-667. [PMID: 36811355 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyadenylation of mRNAs is critical for their export from the nucleus, stability, and efficient translation. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes three isoforms of canonical nuclear poly(A) polymerase (PAPS) that redundantly polyadenylate the bulk of pre-mRNAs. However, previous studies have indicated that subsets of pre-mRNAs are preferentially polyadenylated by either PAPS1 or the other two isoforms. Such functional specialization raises the possibility of an additional level of gene-expression control in plants. Here we test this notion by studying the function of PAPS1 in pollen-tube growth and guidance. Pollen tubes growing through female tissue acquire the competence to find ovules efficiently and upregulate PAPS1 expression at the transcriptional, but not detectably at the protein level compared with in vitro grown pollen tubes. Using the temperature-sensitive paps1-1 allele we show that PAPS1 activity during pollen-tube growth is required for full acquisition of competence, resulting in inefficient fertilization by paps1-1 mutant pollen tubes. While these mutant pollen tubes grow almost at the wild-type rate, they are compromised in locating the micropyles of ovules. Previously identified competence-associated genes are less expressed in paps1-1 mutant than in wild-type pollen tubes. Estimating the poly(A) tail lengths of transcripts suggests that polyadenylation by PAPS1 is associated with reduced transcript abundance. Our results therefore suggest that PAPS1 plays a key role in the acquisition of competence and underline the importance of functional specialization between PAPS isoforms throughout different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramming
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Kappel
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Masahiro M Kanaoka
- Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Science, Faculty of Science, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Lenhard
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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9
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Moreira D, Kaur D, Pereira AM, Held MA, Showalter AM, Coimbra S. Type II arabinogalactans initiated by hydroxyproline-O-galactosyltransferases play important roles in pollen-pistil interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:371-389. [PMID: 36775989 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins containing a high sugar content and are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. AGPs have long been suggested to play important roles in sexual plant reproduction. The synthesis of their complex carbohydrates is initiated by a family of hydroxyproline galactosyltransferase (Hyp-GALT) enzymes which add the first galactose to Hyp residues in the protein backbone. Eight Hyp-GALT enzymes have been identified so far, and in the present work a mutant affecting five of these enzymes (galt2galt5galt7galt8galt9) was analyzed regarding the reproductive process. The galt25789 mutant presented a low seed set, and reciprocal crosses indicated a significant female gametophytic contribution to this mutant phenotype. Mutant ovules revealed abnormal callose accumulation inside the embryo sac and integument defects at the micropylar region culminating in defects in pollen tube reception. In addition, immunolocalization and biochemical analyses allowed the detection of a reduction in the amount of glucuronic acid in mutant ovary AGPs. Dramatically low amounts of high-molecular-weight Hyp-O-glycosides obtained following size exclusion chromatography of base-hydrolyzed mutant AGPs compared to the wild type indicated the presence of underglycosylated AGPs in the galt25789 mutant, while the monosaccharide composition of these Hyp-O-glycosides displayed no significant changes compared to the wild-type Hyp-O-glycosides. The present work demonstrates the functional importance of the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs in ovule development and pollen-pistil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dasmeet Kaur
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2979, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael A Held
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Allan M Showalter
- Department of Environmental & Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701-2979, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701, USA
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Wang L, Liang X, Dou S, Yi B, Fu T, Ma C, Dai C. Two aspartic proteases, BnaAP36s and BnaAP39s, regulate pollen tube guidance in Brassica napus. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:27. [PMID: 37313529 PMCID: PMC10248713 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube (PT) growth towards the micropyle is critical for successful double fertilization. However, the mechanism of micropyle-directed PT growth is still unclear in Brassica napus. In this study, two aspartate proteases, BnaAP36s and BnaAP39s, were identified in B. napus. BnaAP36s and BnaAP39s were localized to the plasma membrane. The homologues of BnaAP36 and BnaAP39 were highly expressed in flower organs, especially in the anther. Sextuple and double mutants of BnaAP36s and BnaAP39s were then generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Compared to WT, the seed-set of cr-bnaap36 and cr-bnaap39 mutants was reduced by 50% and 60%, respectively. The reduction in seed-set was also found when cr-bnaap36 and cr-bnaap39 were used as the female parent in a reciprocal cross assay. Like WT, cr-bnaap36 and cr-bnaap39 pollen were able to germinate and the relative PTs were able to elongate in style. Approximately 36% and 33% of cr-bnaap36 and cr-bnaap39 PTs, respectively, failed to grow towards the micropyle, indicating that BnaAP36s and BnaAP39s are essential for micropyle-directed PT growth. Furthermore, Alexander's staining showed that 10% of cr-bnaap39 pollen grains were aborted, but not cr-bnaap36, suggesting that BnaAP39s may also affect microspore development. These results suggest that BnaAP36s and BnaAP39s play a critical role in the growth of micropyle-directed PTs in B. napus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01377-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shengwei Dou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
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11
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Xia Z, Wen B, Shao J, Zhang T, Hu M, Lin L, Zheng Y, Shi Z, Dong X, Song J, Li Y, Wu Y, Yuan Y, Wu J, Chen Q, Chen J. The transcription factor PbrbZIP52 positively affects pear pollen tube longevity by promoting callose synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1734-1750. [PMID: 36617219 PMCID: PMC10022607 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), pollen tube growth is critical for the double fertilization associated with seed setting, which in turn affects fruit yield. The normal deposition of callose mediates the polar growth of pollen tubes. However, the mechanism regulating callose synthesis in pollen tubes remains relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we revealed that the typical pear pollen tube lifecycle has a semi-growth duration (GD50) of 16.16 h under in vitro culture conditions. Moreover, callose plugs were deposited throughout the pollen tube lifecycle. The formation of callose plugs was inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which also accelerated the senescence of pear pollen tubes. Additionally, PbrCalS1B.1, which encodes a plasma membrane-localized callose synthase, was expressed specifically in pollen tubes and restored the fertility of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cals5 mutant, in which callose synthesis is inhibited. However, this restoration of fertility was impaired by the transient silencing of PbrCalS1B.1, which restricts callose plug formation and shortens the pear pollen tube lifecycle. More specifically, PbrbZIP52 regulated PbrCalS1B.1 transcription by binding to promoter A-box elements to maintain the periodic formation of callose plugs and normal pollen tube growth, ultimately leading to double fertilization. This study confirmed that PbrbZIP52 positively affects pear pollen tube longevity by promoting callose synthesis. This finding may be useful for breeding high-yielding pear cultivars and stabilizing fruit setting in commercial orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongheng Xia
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Binxu Wen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Institute of Pomology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Anxi 362406, China
| | - Yiping Zheng
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Biotechnology Institute, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Zhixin Shi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinlin Dong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Juanjuan Song
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanshan Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yafang Yuan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350119, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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12
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Hu Z, Tang Z, Yang J, Bao S, Zhang Y, Ma L, Zheng Q, Yang F, Zhang D, Sun S, Hu Y. Knockout of OsSWEET15 Impairs Rice Embryo Formation and Seed-Setting. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:258-268. [PMID: 36525532 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We show that the knockout of a sugar transporter gene OsSWEET15 led to a significant drop in rice fertility with around half of the knockout mutant's spikelets bearing blighted or empty grains. The rest of the spikelets bore fertile grains with a slightly reduced weight. Notably, the ovaries in the blighted grains of the ossweet15 mutants expanded after flowering but terminated their development before the endosperm cellularization stage and subsequently aborted. β- glucuronidase (GUS) and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter lines representing the OsSWEET15 expression showed that the gene was expressed in the endosperm tissues surrounding the embryo, which supposedly supplies nutrients to sustain embryo development. These results together with the protein's demonstrated sucrose transport capacity and plasma membrane localization suggest that OsSWEET15 plays a prominent role during the caryopsis formation stage, probably by releasing sucrose from the endosperm to support embryo development. By contrast, the empty grains were probably caused by the reduced pollen viability of the ossweet15 mutants. Investigation of ossweet11 mutant grains revealed similar phenotypes to those observed in the ossweet15 mutants. These results indicate that both OsSWEET15 and OsSWEET11 play important and similar roles in rice pollen development, caryopsis formation and seed-setting, in addition to their function in seed-filling that was demonstrated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenjia Tang
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuhui Bao
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lai Ma
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingsong Zheng
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Bio-Technology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, No. 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yibing Hu
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No.1, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Pollen tube emergence is mediated by ovary-expressed ALCATRAZ in cucumber. Nat Commun 2023; 14:258. [PMID: 36650145 PMCID: PMC9845374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen tube guidance within female tissues of flowering plants can be divided into preovular guidance, ovular guidance and a connecting stage called pollen tube emergence. As yet, no female factor has been identified to positively regulate this transition process. In this study, we show that an ovary-expressed bHLH transcription factor Cucumis sativus ALCATRAZ (CsALC) functions in pollen tube emergence in cucumber. CsALC knockout mutants showed diminished pollen tube emergence, extremely reduced entry into ovules, and a 95% reduction in female fertility. Further examination showed two rapid alkalinization factors CsRALF4 and CsRALF19 were less expressed in Csalc ovaries compared to WT. Besides the loss of male fertility derived from precocious pollen tube rupture as in Arabidopsis, Csralf4 Csralf19 double mutants exhibited a 60% decrease in female fertility due to reduced pollen tube distribution and decreased ovule targeting efficiency. In brief, CsALC regulates female fertility and promotes CsRALF4/19 expression in the ovary during pollen tube guidance in cucumber.
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14
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Moreira D, Lopes AL, Silva J, Ferreira MJ, Pinto SC, Mendes S, Pereira LG, Coimbra S, Pereira AM. New insights on the expression patterns of specific Arabinogalactan proteins in reproductive tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1083098. [PMID: 36531351 PMCID: PMC9755587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins containing a high proportion of carbohydrates, widely distributed in the plant kingdom and ubiquitously present in land plants. AGPs have long been suggested to play important roles in plant reproduction and there is already evidence that specific glycoproteins are essential for male and female gametophyte development, pollen tube growth and guidance, and successful fertilization. However, the functions of many of these proteins have yet to be uncovered, mainly due to the difficulty to study individual AGPs. In this work, we generated molecular tools to analyze the expression patterns of a subgroup of individual AGPs in different Arabidopsis tissues, focusing on reproductive processes. This study focused on six AGPs: four classical AGPs (AGP7, AGP25, AGP26, AGP27), one AG peptide (AGP24) and one chimeric AGP (AGP31). These AGPs were first selected based on their predicted expression patterns along the reproductive tissues from available RNA-seq data. Promoter analysis using β-glucuronidase fusions and qPCR in different Arabidopsis tissues allowed to confirm these predictions. AGP7 was mainly expressed in female reproductive tissues, more precisely in the style, funiculus, and integuments near the micropyle region. AGP25 was found to be expressed in the style, septum and ovules with higher expression in the chalaza and funiculus tissues. AGP26 was present in the ovules and pistil valves. AGP27 was expressed in the transmitting tissue, septum and funiculus during seed development. AGP24 was expressed in pollen grains, in mature embryo sacs, with highest expression at the chalazal pole and in the micropyle. AGP31 was expressed in the mature embryo sac with highest expression at the chalaza and, occasionally, in the micropyle. For all these AGPs a co-expression analysis was performed providing new hints on its possible functions. This work confirmed the detection in Arabidopsis male and female tissues of six AGPs never studied before regarding the reproductive process. These results provide novel evidence on the possible involvement of specific AGPs in plant reproduction, as strong candidates to participate in pollen-pistil interactions in an active way, which is significant for this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Moreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Lopes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BioISI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jessy Silva
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cristina Pinto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Mendes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gustavo Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Coimbra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Marta Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) Requimte, Sustainable Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Motomura K, Sugi N, Takeda A, Yamaoka S, Maruyama D. Possible molecular mechanisms of persistent pollen tube growth without de novo transcription. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020306. [PMID: 36507386 PMCID: PMC9729840 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The vegetative cell nucleus proceeds ahead of a pair of sperm cells located beneath the pollen tube tip during germination. The tip-localized vegetative nucleus had been considered to play a pivotal role in the control of directional pollen tube growth and double fertilization. However, we recently reported the female-targeting behavior of pollen tubes from mutant plants, of which the vegetative nucleus and sperm nuclei were artificially immotile. We showed that the apical region of the mutant pollen tubes became physiologically enucleated after the first callose plug formation, indicating the autonomously growing nature of pollen tubes without the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells. Thus, in this study, we further analyzed another Arabidopsis thaliana mutant producing physiologically enucleated pollen tubes and discussed the mechanism by which a pollen tube can grow without de novo transcription from the vegetative nucleus. We propose several possible molecular mechanisms for persistent pollen tube growth, such as the contribution of transcripts before and immediately after germination and the use of persistent transcripts, which may be important for a competitive race among pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Motomura
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Sugi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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16
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Abstract
In sexually reproducing organisms, the genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next via the merger of male and female gametes. Gamete fusion is a two-step process involving membrane recognition and apposition through ligand-receptor interactions and lipid mixing mediated by fusion proteins. HAP2 (also known as GCS1) is a bona fide gamete fusogen in flowering plants and protists. In vertebrates, a multitude of surface proteins have been demonstrated to be pivotal for sperm-egg fusion, yet none of them exhibit typical fusogenic features. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of gamete fusion in eukaryotes, with a particular focus on mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Lu
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Serrano N, Pejchar P, Soukupová H, Hubálek M, Potocký M. Comprehensive analysis of glycerolipid dynamics during tobacco pollen germination and pollen tube growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028311. [PMID: 36426152 PMCID: PMC9679300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollen germination and subsequent pollen tube elongation are essential for successful land plant reproduction. These processes are achieved through well-documented activation of membrane trafficking and cell metabolism. Despite this, our knowledge of the dynamics of cellular phospholipids remains scarce. Here we present the turnover of the glycerolipid composition during the establishment of cell polarity and elongation processes in tobacco pollen and show the lipid composition of pollen plasma membrane-enriched fraction for the first time. To achieve this, we have combined several techniques, such as lipidomics, plasma membrane isolation, and live-cell microscopy, and performed a study with different time points during the pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Our results showed that tobacco pollen tubes undergo substantial changes in their whole-cell lipid composition during the pollen germination and growth, finding differences in most of the glycerolipids analyzed. Notably, while lysophospholipid levels decrease during germination and growth, phosphatidic acid increases significantly at cell polarity establishment and continues with similar abundance in cell elongation. We corroborated these findings by measuring several phospholipase activities in situ. We also observed that lysophospholipids and phosphatidic acid are more abundant in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction than that in the whole cell. Our results support the important role for the phosphatidic acid in the establishment and maintenance of cellular polarity in tobacco pollen tubes and indicate that plasma membrane lysophospholipids may be involved in pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Serrano
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Soukupová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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18
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Cheung AY, Duan Q, Li C, James Liu MC, Wu HM. Pollen-pistil interactions: It takes two to tangle but a molecular cast of many to deliver. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102279. [PMID: 36029655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Explosive advances have been made in the molecular understanding of pollen-pistil interactions that underlie reproductive success in flowering plants in the past three decades. Among the most notable is the discovery of pollen tube attractants [1∗,2∗]. The roles these molecules play in facilitating conspecific precedence thus promoting interspecific genetic isolation are also emerging [3-5]. Male-female interactions during the prezygotic phase and contributions from the male and female gametophytes have been comprehensively reviewed recently. Here, we focus on key advances in understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of how these interactions overcome barriers at various pollen-pistil interfaces along the pollen tube growth pathway to facilitate fertilization by desirable mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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19
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Yang Y, Niu Y, Chen T, Zhang H, Zhang J, Qian D, Bi M, Fan Y, An L, Xiang Y. The phospholipid flippase ALA3 regulates pollen tube growth and guidance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3718-3736. [PMID: 35861414 PMCID: PMC9516151 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube guidance regulates the growth direction and ovule targeting of pollen tubes in pistils, which is crucial for the completion of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen-specific receptor kinase (PRK) family members PRK3 and PRK6 are specifically tip-localized and essential for pollen tube growth and guidance. However, the mechanisms controlling the polar localization of PRKs at the pollen tube tip are unclear. The Arabidopsis P4-ATPase ALA3 helps establish the polar localization of apical phosphatidylserine (PS) in pollen tubes. Here, we discovered that loss of ALA3 function caused pollen tube defects in growth and ovule targeting and significantly affected the polar localization pattern of PRK3 and PRK6. Both PRK3 and PRK6 contain two polybasic clusters in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain, and they bound to PS in vitro. PRK3 and PRK6 with polybasic cluster mutations showed reduced or abolished binding to PS and altered polar localization patterns, and they failed to effectively complement the pollen tube-related phenotypes of prk mutants. These results suggest that ALA3 influences the precise localization of PRK3, PRK6, and other PRKs by regulating the distribution of PS, which plays a key role in regulating pollen tube growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengmeng Bi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuemin Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Three types of genes underlying the Gametophyte factor1 locus cause unilateral cross incompatibility in maize. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4498. [PMID: 35922428 PMCID: PMC9349285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral cross incompatibility (UCI) occurs between popcorn and dent corn, and represents a critical step towards speciation. It has been reported that ZmGa1P, encoding a pectin methylesterase (PME), is a male determinant of the Ga1 locus. However, the female determinant and the genetic relationship between male and female determinants at this locus are unclear. Here, we report three different types, a total of seven linked genes underlying the Ga1 locus, which control UCI phenotype by independently affecting pollen tube growth in both antagonistic and synergistic manners. These include five pollen-expressed PME genes (ZmGa1Ps-m), a silk-expressed PME gene (ZmPME3), and another silk-expressed gene (ZmPRP3), encoding a pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. ZmGa1Ps-m confer pollen compatibility. Presence of ZmPME3 causes silk to reject incompatible pollen. ZmPRP3 promotes incompatibility pollen tube growth and thereby breaks the blocking effect of ZmPME3. In addition, evolutionary genomics analyses suggest that the divergence of the Ga1 locus existed before maize domestication and continued during breeding improvement. The knowledge gained here deepen our understanding of the complex regulation of cross incompatibility. Unilateral cross incompatibility (UCI) is a type of prezygotic reproductive isolation, which is associated with multiple loci in maize. Here, the authors use genetic analysis to separate the Ga1 locus into two functional components and identify seven linked genes encoding three types of proteins.
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21
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Cheng Z, Song X, Liu X, Yan S, Song W, Wang Z, Han L, Zhao J, Yan L, Zhou Z, Zhang X. SPATULA and ALCATRAZ confer female sterility and fruit cavity via mediating pistil development in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1553-1569. [PMID: 35389464 PMCID: PMC9237723 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and seeds play essential roles in plant sexual reproduction and the human diet. Successful fertilization involves delivery of sperm in the pollen tube to the egg cell within the ovary along the transmitting tract (TT). Fruit cavity is an undesirable trait directly affecting cucumber (Cucumis sativus) commercial value. However, the regulatory genes underlying fruit cavity formation and female fertility determination remain unknown in crops. Here, we characterized a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) gene C. sativus SPATULA (CsSPT) and its redundant and divergent function with ALCATRAZ (CsALC) in cucumber. CsSPT transcripts were enriched in reproductive organs. Mutation of CsSPT resulted in 60% reduction in female fertility, with seed produced only in the upper portion of fruits. Csspt Csalc mutants displayed complete loss of female fertility and fruit cavity due to carpel separation. Further examination showed that stigmas in the double mutant turned outward with defective papillae identity, and extracellular matrix contents in the abnormal TT were dramatically reduced, which resulted in no path for pollen tube extension and no ovules fertilized. Biochemical and transcriptome analysis showed that CsSPT and CsALC act in homodimers and heterodimers to confer fruit cavity and female sterility by mediating genes involved in TT development, auxin-mediated signaling, and cell wall organization in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yan
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijie Han
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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22
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Hormonal Signaling in the Progamic Phase of Fertilization in Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pollen–pistil interaction is a basic process in the reproductive biology of flowering plants and has been the subject of intense fundamental research that has a pronounced practical value. The phytohormones ethylene (ET) and cytokinin (CK) together with other hormones such as auxin, gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) influence different stages of plant development and growth. Here, we mainly focus on the information about the ET and CK signaling in the progamic phase of fertilization. This signaling occurs during male gametophyte development, including tapetum (TAP) cell death, and pollen tube growth, including synergid programmed cell death (PCD) and self-incompatibility (SI)-induced PCD. ET joins the coordination of successive events in the developing anther, including the TAP development and cell death, anther dehiscence, microspore development, pollen grain maturation, and dehydration. Both ET and CK take part in the regulation of E. ET signaling accompanies adhesion, hydration, and germination of pollen grains in the stigma and growth of pollen tubes in style tissues. Thus, ET production may be implicated in the pollination signaling between organs accumulated in the stigma and transmitted to the style and ovary to ensure successful pollination. Some data suggest that ET and CK signaling are involved in S-RNase-based SI.
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23
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Liu Y, Wang S, Li L, Yang T, Dong S, Wei T, Wu S, Liu Y, Gong Y, Feng X, Ma J, Chang G, Huang J, Yang Y, Wang H, Liu M, Xu Y, Liang H, Yu J, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Mu W, Sahu SK, Liu S, Lang X, Yang L, Li N, Habib S, Yang Y, Lindstrom AJ, Liang P, Goffinet B, Zaman S, Wegrzyn JL, Li D, Liu J, Cui J, Sonnenschein EC, Wang X, Ruan J, Xue JY, Shao ZQ, Song C, Fan G, Li Z, Zhang L, Liu J, Liu ZJ, Jiao Y, Wang XQ, Wu H, Wang E, Lisby M, Yang H, Wang J, Liu X, Xu X, Li N, Soltis PS, Van de Peer Y, Soltis DE, Gong X, Liu H, Zhang S. The Cycas genome and the early evolution of seed plants. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:389-401. [PMID: 35437001 PMCID: PMC9023351 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cycads represent one of the most ancient lineages of living seed plants. Identifying genomic features uniquely shared by cycads and other extant seed plants, but not non-seed-producing plants, may shed light on the origin of key innovations, as well as the early diversification of seed plants. Here, we report the 10.5-Gb reference genome of Cycas panzhihuaensis, complemented by the transcriptomes of 339 cycad species. Nuclear and plastid phylogenomic analyses strongly suggest that cycads and Ginkgo form a clade sister to all other living gymnosperms, in contrast to mitochondrial data, which place cycads alone in this position. We found evidence for an ancient whole-genome duplication in the common ancestor of extant gymnosperms. The Cycas genome contains four homologues of the fitD gene family that were likely acquired via horizontal gene transfer from fungi, and these genes confer herbivore resistance in cycads. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome of C. panzhihuaensis contains a MADS-box transcription factor expressed exclusively in male cones that is similar to a system reported in Ginkgo, suggesting that a sex determination mechanism controlled by MADS-box genes may have originated in the common ancestor of cycads and Ginkgo. The C. panzhihuaensis genome provides an important new resource of broad utility for biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengdan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuyan Feng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guanxiao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaowu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weixue Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoan Lang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Nanning Botanical Garden, Nanning, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sadaf Habib
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiong Yang
- Sichuan Cycas panzhihuaensis National Nature Reserve, Panzhihua, China
| | | | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bernard Goffinet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sumaira Zaman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Dexiang Li
- Nanning Botanical Garden, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eva C Sonnenschein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jue Ruan
- Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Yu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Song
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huanming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, VIB UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Gent, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shouzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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24
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Li W, Li Q, Lyu M, Wang Z, Song Z, Zhong S, Gu H, Dong J, Dresselhaus T, Zhong S, Qu LJ. Lack of ethylene does not affect reproductive success and synergid cell death in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:354-362. [PMID: 34740849 PMCID: PMC9066556 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathway of the gaseous hormone ethylene is involved in plant reproduction, growth, development, and stress responses. During reproduction, the two synergid cells of the angiosperm female gametophyte both undergo programmed cell death (PCD)/degeneration but in a different manner: PCD/degeneration of one synergid facilitates pollen tube rupture and thereby the release of sperm cells, while PCD/degeneration of the other synergid blocks supernumerary pollen tubes. Ethylene signaling was postulated to participate in some of the synergid cell functions, such as pollen tube attraction and the induction of PCD/degeneration. However, ethylene-mediated induction of synergid PCD/degeneration and the role of ethylene itself have not been firmly established. Here, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the five ethylene-biosynthesis 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) genes and created Arabidopsis mutants free of ethylene production. The ethylene-free mutant plants showed normal triple responses when treated with ethylene rather than 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, but had increased lateral root density and enlarged petal sizes, which are typical phenotypes of mutants defective in ethylene signaling. Using these ethylene-free plants, we further demonstrated that production of ethylene is not necessarily required to trigger PCD/degeneration of the two synergid cells, but certain components of ethylene signaling including transcription factors ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) and EIN3-LIKE 1 (EIL1) are necessary for the death of the persistent synergid cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Xu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Wang J, Ayup M, Yang B, Guo C, Gong P, Dong W. The proteome reveals the involvement of serine/threonine kinase in the recognition of self- incompatibility in almond. J Proteomics 2022; 256:104505. [PMID: 35123051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The self-incompatibility recognition mechanism determines whether the gametophyte is successfully fertilized between pollen tube SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box-RBX1) protein and pistil S-RNase protein during fertilization is unclear. In this study, the pistils of two almond cultivars 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' were used as the experimental materials after self- and nonself/cross-pollination, and pistils from the stamen-removed flowers were used as controls. We used fluorescence microscopy to observe the development of pollen tubes after pollination and 4D-LFQ to detect the protein expression profiles of 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil' pistils and in controls. The results showed that it took 24-36 h for the development of the pollen tube to 1/3 of the pistil, and a total of 7684 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the pistil after pollinating for 36 h, of which 7022 were quantifiable. Bioinformatics analysis based on the function of DAPs, identified RNA polymerases (4 DAPs), autophagy (3 DAPs), oxidative phosphorylation (3 DAPs), and homologous recombination (2 DAPs) pathways associated with the self-incompatibility process. These results were confirmed by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), protein interaction and bioinformatics analysis. Taken together, these results provide the involvement of serine/threonine kinase protein in the reaction of pollen tube recognition the nonself- and the self-S-RNase protein. SIGNIFICANCE: Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is controlled by the highly polymorphic S locus or S haplotype, with two linked self-incompatibility genes, one encoding the S-RNase protein of the pistil S-determinant and the other encoding the F-box/SLF/SFB (S haplotype-specific F-box protein) protein of the pollen S-determinant. The recognition mechanism between pollen tube SCF protein and pistil S-RNase protein is divided into nonself- and self-recognition hypothesis mechanisms. At present, two hypothetical mechanisms cannot explain the recognition between pollen and pistil well, so the mechanism of gametophytic self-incompatibility recognition is still not fully revealed. In this experiment, we investigated the molecular mechanism of pollen-pistil recognition in self-incompatibility using self- and nonself-pollinated pistils of almond cultivars 'Wanfeng' and 'Nonpareil'. Based on our results, we proposed a potential involvement of the MARK2 (serine/threonine kinase) protein in the reaction of pollen tube recognition of the nonself- and the self-S-RNase protein. It provides a new way to reveal how almond pollen tubes recognize the self and nonself S-RNase enzyme protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China; Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue 115009, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China
| | - Mubarek Ayup
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Chunmiao Guo
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China.
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, Liaoning, China.
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26
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Hasegawa K, Kamada S, Takehara S, Takeuchi H, Nakamura A, Satoh S, Iwai H. Rice Putative Pectin Methyltransferase Gene OsPMT10 Is Required for Maintaining the Cell Wall Properties of Pistil Transmitting Tissues via Pectin Modification. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1902-1911. [PMID: 34057184 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise directional control of pollen tube growth via mechanical guidance by pistil tissue is critical for the successful fertilization of flowering plants and requires active cell-to-cell communication and maintenance of softness in the transmitting tissue. However, the regulation of transmitting tissue softness as controlled by cell wall properties, especially pectin, has not been reported. Here we report that regulation of pectin methylesterification supports pollen elongation through pistil transmitting tissues in Oryza sativa. The rice pectin methylesterase gene OsPMT10 was strongly expressed in reproductive tissues, especially the pistil. The ospmt10 mutant did not have a significant effect on vegetative growth, but the fertility rate was reduced by approximately half. In the ospmt10 mutant, pollen tube elongation was observed in the transmitting tissue of the style, but approximately half of the pollen tubes did not extend all the way to the ovule. Tissue cross-sections of the upper ovary were prepared, and immunohistochemical staining using LM19 and LM20 showed that methylesterified pectin distribution was decreased in ospmt10 compared with the wild type. The decreased expression of methylesterified pectins in ospmt10 may have resulted in loss of fluidity in the apoplast space of the transmitting tissue, rendering it difficult for the pollen tube to elongate in the transmitting tissue and thereby preventing it from reaching the ovule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shihomi Kamada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shohei Takehara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Haruki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shinobu Satoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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27
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Xu B, Sai N, Gilliham M. The emerging role of GABA as a transport regulator and physiological signal. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2005-2016. [PMID: 35235673 PMCID: PMC8644139 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While the proposal that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts a signal in plants is decades old, a signaling mode of action for plant GABA has been unveiled only relatively recently. Here, we review the recent research that demonstrates how GABA regulates anion transport through aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) and speculation that GABA also targets other proteins. The ALMT family of anion channels modulates multiple physiological processes in plants, with many members still to be characterized, opening up the possibility that GABA has broad regulatory roles in plants. We focus on the role of GABA in regulating pollen tube growth and stomatal pore aperture, and we speculate on its role in long-distance signaling and how it might be involved in cross talk with hormonal signals. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), guard cell opening is regulated by GABA, as it is in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), to regulate water use efficiency, which impacts drought tolerance. We also discuss the links between glutamate and GABA in generating signals in plants, particularly related to pollen tube growth, wounding, and long-distance electrical signaling, and explore potential interactions of GABA signals with hormones, such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. We conclude by postulating that GABA encodes a signal that links plant primary metabolism to physiological status to fine tune plant responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Author for communication:
| | - Na Sai
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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28
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Effects of Pollination Interventions, Plant Age and Source on Hormonal Patterns and Fruit Set of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm is widely propagated through conventional offshoots. It is also produced through a tissue culture technique due to the limited number of offshoots produced throughout the course of a palm’s life. Being dioecious, it is a cross-pollinated tree that can be naturally or artificially pollinated. Tissue-cultured plants often have abnormal epigenetic or genetic changes that affect specific phenotypic characteristics. The growth of parthenocarpic fruits in date palms is mostly induced by hormonal imbalances in certain tissues. The major hormones in parthenocarpic fruits are auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA). Parthenocarpic, or abnormal fruit development, is an undesirable trait for date palm growers since it drastically reduces farm income. The current study was therefore conducted over two seasons to confirm previous observations and included conventional offshoot-derived trees (CO) and tissue culture-derived ones (TC) of the cultivar Barhee. According to the observed ratio of the fruiting abnormalities, two date palm tree ages were selected, i.e., 6 and 13 years. Two pollination interventions were used: pollination of naturally open female spathes (NOP) and pollination of forced open female spathes (FOP). Plant hormones, IAA, GA3, and ABA were identified just before pollination and at specific intervals after pollination for up to 85 days. The ratio of the abnormal fruit set was identified 5 days after pollination. Significant differences were observed in hormonal levels between tree ages as well as between tree propagation sources. Young TC trees (6-year-old) had high abnormal fruit sets compared to CO date palm trees that were the same age. During the early fruit growth and development phases, CO date palms had much higher amounts of IAA and GA3 than TC date palms. However, ABA concentrations were surprisingly higher in the TC trees during the early fruit growth stages, while it immediately decreased after pollination in the CO date palms. The ratio of abnormal fruits was significantly reduced in the 13-year-old TC date palms, and no differences were observed compared to the CO ones. The levels of IAA, GA3, and ABA hormones in both young and old date palms derived through CO or TC followed similar patterns. The critical observations regarding the ABA pattern in the old TC date palms (13-year-old) gradually dropped after pollination, which was identical to the CO ones, whereas it was the opposite in the young 6-year-old TC date palm plants.
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Sinha R, Fritschi FB, Zandalinas SI, Mittler R. The impact of stress combination on reproductive processes in crops. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111007. [PMID: 34482910 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Historically, extended droughts combined with heat waves caused severe reductions in crop yields estimated at billions of dollars annually. Because global warming and climate change are driving an increase in the frequency and intensity of combined water-deficit and heat stress episodes, understanding how these episodes impact yield is critical for our efforts to develop climate change-resilient crops. Recent studies demonstrated that a combination of water-deficit and heat stress exacerbates the impacts of water-deficit or heat stress on reproductive processes of different cereals and legumes, directly impacting grain production. These studies identified several different mechanisms potentially underlying the effects of stress combination on anthers, pollen, and stigma development and function, as well as fertilization. Here we review some of these findings focusing on unbalanced reactive oxygen accumulation, altered sugar concentrations, and conflicting functions of different hormones, as contributing to the reduction in yield during a combination of water-deficit and heat stress. Future studies focused on the effects of water-deficit and heat stress combination on reproduction of different crops are likely to unravel additional mechanisms, as well as reveal novel ways to develop stress combination-resilient crops. These could mitigate some of the potentially devastating impacts of this stress combination on agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Sinha
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Felix B Fritschi
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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30
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Billey E, Hafidh S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Litholdo CG, Jean V, Carpentier MC, Picart C, Kumar V, Kulichova K, Maréchal E, Honys D, Conte MR, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2637-2661. [PMID: 34124761 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.27.401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celso G Litholdo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kulichova
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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31
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Billey E, Hafidh S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Litholdo CG, Jean V, Carpentier MC, Picart C, Kumar V, Kulichova K, Maréchal E, Honys D, Conte MR, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2637-2661. [PMID: 34124761 PMCID: PMC8408461 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celso G. Litholdo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kulichova
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria R. Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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Kim YJ, Kim MH, Hong WJ, Moon S, Kim ST, Park SK, Jung KH. OsMTD2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is essential for intact pollen-tube elongation in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1131-1147. [PMID: 34143922 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The highly specialized haploid male gametophyte-pollen consist of two sperm cells and a large vegetative cell. Successful fertilization requires proper growth timing and rupture of the pollen tube until it delivers sperm cells, which occur immediately after a pollen grain hydrates. Although a tight regulation on polar cell-wall expansion of the pollen tube is fundamentally important, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown, especially in crop plants. Here, we characterized the function of male-gene transfer defective 2 (OsMTD2) gene in rice (Oryza sativa), which belongs to the plant-specific receptor-like kinase, the CrRLK1L family. We demonstrated that OsMTD2 is an essential male factor participating in pollen-tube elongation based on genetic evidence and physiological observations. Because of unavailability of homozygous mutant via conventional methods, we used CRISPR-Cas9 system to obtain homozygous knockout mutant of OsMTD2. We were able to identify phenotypic changes including male sterility due to early pollen-tube rupture in the mutant. We observed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was dramatically reduced in mutants of OsMTD2 pollen grain and tubes with defective pectin distribution. Transcriptome analysis of osmtd2-2 versus wild-type anthers revealed that genes involved in defense responses, metabolic alteration, transcriptional and protein modification were highly upregulated in the osmtd2-2 mutant. Through yeast-two-hybrid screening, we found that OsMTD2 kinase interacts with E3 ligase SPL11. Taken together, we propose that OsMTD2 has crucial functions in promoting pollen-tube elongation through cell-wall modification, possibly by modulating ROS homeostasis during pollen-tube growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, and Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunok Moon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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33
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Kim MJ, Jeon BW, Oh E, Seo PJ, Kim J. Peptide Signaling during Plant Reproduction. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:822-835. [PMID: 33715959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant signaling peptides are involved in cell-cell communication networks and coordinate a wide range of plant growth and developmental processes. Signaling peptides generally bind to receptor-like kinases, inducing their dimerization with co-receptors for signaling activation to trigger cellular signaling and biological responses. Fertilization is an important life event in flowering plants, involving precise control of cell-cell communications between male and female tissues. Peptide-receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling plays an important role in male-female interactions for successful fertilization in flowering plants. Here, we describe the recent findings on the functions and signaling pathways of peptides and receptors involved in plant reproduction processes including pollen germination, pollen tube growth, pollen tube guidance to the embryo sac, and sperm cell reception in female tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Byeong Wook Jeon
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jungmook Kim
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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34
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Takeuchi H. The role of diverse LURE-type cysteine-rich peptides as signaling molecules in plant reproduction. Peptides 2021; 142:170572. [PMID: 34004266 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperm sexual reproduction, the male pollen tube undergoes a series of interactions with female tissues. For efficient growth and precise guidance, the pollen tube perceives extracellular ligands. In recent decades, various types of secreted cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) have been identified as peptide ligands that regulate diverse angiosperm reproduction processes, including pollen tube germination, growth, guidance, and rupture. Notably, in two distant core eudicot plants, multiple LURE-type CRPs were found to be secreted from egg-accompanying synergid cells, and these CRPs act as a cocktail of pollen tube attractants for the final step of pollen tube guidance. LURE-type CRPs have species-preferential activity, even among close relatives, and exhibit remarkably divergent molecular evolution with conserved cysteine frameworks, demonstrating that they play a key role in species recognition in pollen tube guidance. In this review, I focus on "reproductive CRPs," particularly LURE-type CRPs, which underlie common but species-specific mechanisms in angiosperm sexual reproduction, and discuss their action, functional regulation, receptors, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Takeuchi
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
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Liu M, Wang Z, Hou S, Wang L, Huang Q, Gu H, Dresselhaus T, Zhong S, Qu LJ. AtLURE1/PRK6-mediated signaling promotes conspecific micropylar pollen tube guidance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:865-873. [PMID: 33638984 PMCID: PMC8195523 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive isolation is a prerequisite to form and maintain a new species. Multiple prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation barriers have been reported in plants. In the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana conspecific pollen tube precedence controlled by AtLURE1/PRK6-mediated signaling has been recently reported as a major prezygotic reproductive isolation barrier. By accelerating emergence of own pollen tubes from the transmitting tract, A. thaliana ovules promote self-fertilization and thus prevent fertilization by a different species. Taking advantage of a septuple atlure1null mutant, we now report on the role of AtLURE1/PRK6-mediated signaling for micropylar pollen tube guidance. Compared with wild-type (WT) ovules, atlure1null ovules displayed remarkably reduced micropylar pollen tube attraction efficiencies in modified semi-in vivo A. thaliana ovule targeting assays. However, when prk6 mutant pollen tubes were applied, atlure1null ovules showed micropylar attraction efficiencies comparable to that of WT ovules. These findings indicate that AtLURE1/PRK6-mediated signaling regulates micropylar pollen tube attraction in addition to promoting emergence of own pollen tubes from the transmitting tract. Moreover, semi-in vivo ovule targeting competition assays with the same amount of pollen grains from both A. thaliana and Arabidopsis lyrata showed that A. thaliana WT and xiuqiu mutant ovules are mainly targeted by own pollen tubes and that atlure1null mutant ovules are also entered to a large extent by A. lyrata pollen tubes. Taken together, we report that AtLURE1/PRK6-mediated signaling promotes conspecific micropylar pollen tube attraction representing an additional prezygotic isolation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saiying Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lele Wang
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Qingpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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Lara-Mondragón CM, MacAlister CA. Arabinogalactan glycoprotein dynamics during the progamic phase in the tomato pistil. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:131-148. [PMID: 33860833 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pistil AGPs display dynamic localization patterns in response to fertilization in tomato. SlyFLA9 (Solyc07g065540.1) is a chimeric Fasciclin-like AGP with enriched expression in the ovary, suggesting a potential function during pollen-pistil interaction. During fertilization, the male gametes are delivered by pollen tubes to receptive ovules, deeply embedded in the sporophytic tissues of the pistil. Arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs) are a diverse family of highly glycosylated, secreted proteins which have been widely implicated in plant reproduction, particularly within the pistil. Though tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop requiring successful fertilization for production, the molecular basis of this event remains understudied. Here we explore the spatiotemporal localization of AGPs in the mature tomato pistil before and after fertilization. Using histological techniques to detect AGP sugar moieties, we found that accumulation of AGPs correlated with the maturation of the stigma and we identified an AGP subpopulation restricted to the micropyle that was no longer visible upon fertilization. To identify candidate pistil AGP genes, we used an RNA-sequencing approach to catalog gene expression in functionally distinct subsections of the mature tomato pistil (the stigma, apical and basal style and ovary) as well as pollen and pollen tubes. Of 161 predicted AGP and AGP-like proteins encoded in the tomato genome, we identified four genes with specifically enriched expression in reproductive tissues. We further validated expression of two of these, a Fasciclin-like AGP (SlyFLA9, Solyc07g065540.1) and a novel hybrid AGP (SlyHAE, Solyc09g075580.1). Using in situ hybridization, we also found SlyFLA9 was expressed in the integuments of the ovule and the pericarp. Additionally, differential expression analyses of the pistil transcriptome revealed previously unreported genes with enriched expression in each subsection of the mature pistil, setting the foundation for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cora A MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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37
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Tonnabel J, David P, Janicke T, Lehner A, Mollet JC, Pannell JR, Dufay M. The Scope for Postmating Sexual Selection in Plants. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:556-567. [PMID: 33775429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection is known to shape plant traits that affect access to mates during the pollination phase, but it is less well understood to what extent it affects traits relevant to interactions between pollen and pistils after pollination. This is surprising, because both of the two key modes of sexual selection, male-male competition and female choice, could plausibly operate during pollen-pistil interactions where physical male-female contact occurs. Here, we consider how the key processes of sexual selection might affect traits involved in pollen-pistil interactions, including 'Fisherian runaway' and 'good-genes' models. We review aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of pollen-pistil interactions on which sexual selection could act and point to research that is needed to investigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Tonnabel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrice David
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Tim Janicke
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; Applied Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (GlycoMEV), SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Carnot I2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (GlycoMEV), SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Carnot I2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Dufay
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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38
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Dell’Aglio E. A COG in the machine: how good Golgi makes good pollen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:201-203. [PMID: 33674832 PMCID: PMC8154076 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dell’Aglio
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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39
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Zhang J, Yue L, Wu X, Liu H, Wang W. Function of Small Peptides During Male-Female Crosstalk in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671196. [PMID: 33968121 PMCID: PMC8102694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant peptides secreted as signal molecular to trigger cell-to-cell signaling are indispensable for plant growth and development. Successful sexual reproduction in plants requires extensive communication between male and female gametophytes, their gametes, and with the surrounding sporophytic tissues. In the past decade, it has been well-documented that small peptides participate in many important reproductive processes such as self-incompatibility, pollen tube growth, pollen tube guidance, and gamete interaction. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the peptides regulating the processes of male-female crosstalk in plant, aiming at systematizing the knowledge on the sexual reproduction, and signaling of plant peptides in future.
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40
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Lodde V, Morandini P, Costa A, Murgia I, Ezquer I. cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:525. [PMID: 33916807 PMCID: PMC8067062 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lodde
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Irene Murgia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (I.M.)
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41
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Clark-Cotton MR, Henderson NT, Pablo M, Ghose D, Elston TC, Lew DJ. Exploratory polarization facilitates mating partner selection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1048-1063. [PMID: 33689470 PMCID: PMC8101489 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-02-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast decode pheromone gradients to locate mating partners, providing a model for chemotropism. How yeast polarize toward a single partner in crowded environments is unclear. Initially, cells often polarize in unproductive directions, but then they relocate the polarity site until two partners’ polarity sites align, whereupon the cells “commit” to each other by stabilizing polarity to promote fusion. Here we address the role of the early mobile polarity sites. We found that commitment by either partner failed if just one partner was defective in generating, orienting, or stabilizing its mobile polarity sites. Mobile polarity sites were enriched for pheromone receptors and G proteins, and we suggest that such sites engage in an exploratory search of the local pheromone landscape, stabilizing only when they detect elevated pheromone levels. Mobile polarity sites were also enriched for pheromone secretion factors, and simulations suggest that only focal secretion at polarity sites would produce high pheromone concentrations at the partner’s polarity site, triggering commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas T Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Michael Pablo
- Department of Chemistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Debraj Ghose
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology and Computational Medicine Program, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Daniel J Lew
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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42
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Paving the Way for Fertilization: The Role of the Transmitting Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052603. [PMID: 33807566 PMCID: PMC7961442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosperm reproduction relies on the precise growth of the pollen tube through different pistil tissues carrying two sperm cells into the ovules’ embryo sac, where they fuse with the egg and the central cell to accomplish double fertilization and ultimately initiate seed development. A network of intrinsic and tightly regulated communication and signaling cascades, which mediate continuous interactions between the pollen tube and the sporophytic and gametophytic female tissues, ensures the fast and meticulous growth of pollen tubes along the pistil, until it reaches the ovule embryo sac. Most of the pollen tube growth occurs in a specialized tissue—the transmitting tract—connecting the stigma, the style, and the ovary. This tissue is composed of highly secretory cells responsible for producing an extensive extracellular matrix. This multifaceted matrix is proposed to support and provide nutrition and adhesion for pollen tube growth and guidance. Insights pertaining to the mechanisms that underlie these processes remain sparse due to the difficulty of accessing and manipulating the female sporophytic tissues enclosed in the pistil. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on this key step of reproduction in flowering plants with special emphasis on the female transmitting tract tissue.
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Lora J, Perez V, Herrero M, Hormaza JI. Ovary Signals for Pollen Tube Guidance in Chalazogamous Mangifera indica L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:601706. [PMID: 33643328 PMCID: PMC7902493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.601706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most flowering plants show porogamy in which the pollen tubes reach the egg apparatus through the micropyle. However, several species show chalazogamy, an unusual pollen tube growth, in which the pollen tubes reach the embryo sac through the chalaza. While ovary signals for pollen tube growth and guidance have been extensively studied in porogamous species, few studies have addressed the process in chalazogamous species such as mango (Mangifera indica L.), one of the five most important fruit crops worldwide in terms of production. In this study, we characterize pollen-pistil interaction in mango, paying special attention to three key players known to be involved in the directional pollen tube growth of porogamous species such as starch, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Starch grains were observed in the style and in the ponticulus at anthesis, but their number decreased 1 day after anthesis. AGPs, revealed by JIM8 and JIM13 antibodies, were homogenously observed in the style and ovary, but were more conspicuous in the nucellus around the egg apparatus. GABA, revealed by anti-GABA antibodies, was specifically observed in the transmitting tissue, including the ponticulus. Moreover, GABA was shown to stimulate in vitro mango pollen tube elongation. The results support the heterotrophic growth of mango pollen tubes in the style at the expense of starch, similarly to the observations in porogamous species. However, unlike porogamous species, the micropyle of mango does not show high levels of GABA and starch, although they were observed in the ponticulus and could play a role in supporting the unusual pollen tube growth in chalazogamous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Subtropical Fruit Crops Department, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
| | - Veronica Perez
- Subtropical Fruit Crops Department, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
- Unidad Técnica del Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, Laboratorio de Agrobiología Juan José Bravo Rodríguez (Cabildo de La Palma), Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Maria Herrero
- Pomology Department, Estación Experimental Aula Dei-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose I. Hormaza
- Subtropical Fruit Crops Department, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
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44
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Borg M, Papareddy RK, Dombey R, Axelsson E, Nodine MD, Twell D, Berger F. Epigenetic reprogramming rewires transcription during the alternation of generations in Arabidopsis. eLife 2021; 10:e61894. [PMID: 33491647 PMCID: PMC7920552 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternation between morphologically distinct haploid and diploid life forms is a defining feature of most plant and algal life cycles, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern these transitions remain unclear. Here, we explore the dynamic relationship between chromatin accessibility and epigenetic modifications during life form transitions in Arabidopsis. The diploid-to-haploid life form transition is governed by the loss of H3K9me2 and DNA demethylation of transposon-associated cis-regulatory elements. This event is associated with dramatic changes in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional reprogramming. In contrast, the global loss of H3K27me3 in the haploid form shapes a chromatin accessibility landscape that is poised to re-initiate the transition back to diploid life after fertilisation. Hence, distinct epigenetic reprogramming events rewire transcription through major reorganisation of the regulatory epigenome to guide the alternation of generations in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Borg
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Rodolphe Dombey
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Elin Axelsson
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Michael D Nodine
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - David Twell
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Genetics, University of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
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45
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Xu Y, Huang S. Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton Within Apical and Subapical Regions of Pollen Tubes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:614821. [PMID: 33344460 PMCID: PMC7744591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.614821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, sexual reproduction involves a double fertilization event, which is facilitated by the delivery of two non-motile sperm cells to the ovule by the pollen tube. Pollen tube growth occurs exclusively at the tip and is extremely rapid. It strictly depends on an intact actin cytoskeleton, and is therefore an excellent model for uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying dynamic actin cytoskeleton remodeling. There has been a long-term debate about the organization and dynamics of actin filaments within the apical and subapical regions of pollen tube tips. By combining state-of-the-art live-cell imaging with the usage of mutants which lack different actin-binding proteins, our understanding of the origin, spatial organization, dynamics and regulation of actin filaments within the pollen tube tip has greatly improved. In this review article, we will summarize the progress made in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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46
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Beaudry FE, Rifkin JL, Barrett SC, Wright SI. Evolutionary Genomics of Plant Gametophytic Selection. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100115. [PMID: 33367268 PMCID: PMC7748008 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that natural selection during the haploid gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle may have widespread importance for rates of evolution and the maintenance of genetic variation. Recent theoretical advances have further highlighted the significance of gametophytic selection for diverse evolutionary processes. Genomic approaches offer exciting opportunities to address key questions about the extent and effects of gametophytic selection on plant evolution and adaptation. Here, we review the progress and prospects for integrating functional and evolutionary genomics to test theoretical predictions, and to examine the importance of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity and rates of evolution. There is growing evidence that selection during the gametophyte phase of the plant life cycle has important effects on both gene and genome evolution and is likely to have important pleiotropic effects on the sporophyte. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative population genomics, genome-wide association studies, and experimental approaches to further distinguish how differential selection in the two phases of the plant life cycle contributes to genetic diversity and adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix E.G. Beaudry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Joanna L. Rifkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Spencer C.H. Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Stephen I. Wright
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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47
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Chen SY, Zhang JW, Wei XM, Tao KL, Niu YZ, Pan L, Zheng YY, Ma WG, Wang MQ, Ou XK, Liao JG. The morphological and physiological basis of delayed pollination overcoming pre-fertilization cross-incompatibility in Nicotiana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1002-1012. [PMID: 32772426 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Delayed pollination is widely used to overcome pre-fertilization incompatibility, but its regulatory mechanisms are unclear. When Nicotiana tabacum was cross-pollinated with pollen of N. alata, the incompatibility occurring in the basal 1/4 region of the style (pollinated at anthesis: 0-day-old pistil) was overcome by delayed pollination (of 6-day-old pistil), and the morphological changes and corresponding physiological basis are explored here. The structure and ultrastructure of the pistil were observed under fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Differentially expressed proteins were screened with a monoclonal antibody chip for Nicotiana, and protein expression and distribution were analysed by immunofluorescence. Cellulase and pectinase activities were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The style of Nicotiana is solid in the basal region and pollen tubes grow in the extracellular spaces (ECM) of the transmitting tissue (TTS) cells. Seven of the 22 identified proteins were cell wall-associated proteins and were expressed at higher levels during pistil senescence. Cellulase and pectinase activities increased. The TTS cells in the basal 1/4 region of the 0-day-old style were polygonal and tightly arranged, with narrow ECM, but these were oval or partially dissolved in the 6-day-old pistil, leading to wider ECM and richer secretions. The increased expression of cell wall proteins and enhanced enzyme activity during pistil senescence might partially be responsible for the cells becoming oval and the ECM enlarged, providing the morphological basis for delayed pollination overcoming the pre-fertilization incompatibility between N. tabacum and N. alata.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - J-W Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - X-M Wei
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - K-L Tao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Y-Z Niu
- Yuxi China Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd., Yuxi, China
| | - L Pan
- Yuxi China Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd., Yuxi, China
| | - Y-Y Zheng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi, China
| | - W-G Ma
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi, China
| | | | - X-K Ou
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - J-G Liao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Diseases & Pests, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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48
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Three STIGMA AND STYLE STYLISTs Pattern the Fine Architectures of Apical Gynoecium and Are Critical for Male Gametophyte-Pistil Interaction. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4780-4788.e5. [PMID: 33007250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gynoecium is derived from the fusion of carpels and is considered to have evolved from a simple setup followed by adaptive adjustment in cell type and tissue distribution to facilitate efficient sexual reproduction [1, 2]. As a sequence of the adjustment, the apical gynoecium differentiates into a stigma and a style. Both the structural patterning and functional specification of the apical gynoecium are critical for plant fertility [3, 4]. However, how the fine structures of the apical gynoecium are established at the interface interacting with pollen and pollen tubes remain to be elucidated. Here, we report a novel angiosperm-specific gene family, STIGMA AND STYLE STYLIST 1-3 (SSS1, SSS2, and SSS3). The SSS1 expresses predominately in the transmitting tract tissue of style, SSS2 expresses intensively in stigma, and SSS3 expresses mainly in stylar peripheral region round the transmitting tract. SSSs coregulate the patterning of the apical gynoecium via controlling cell expansion or elongation. Both the architecture and function of apical gynoecium can be affected by the alteration of SSS expression, indicating their critical roles in the establishment of a proper female interface for communication with pollen tubes. The NGATHA3 (NGA3) transcription factor [5, 6] can directly bind to SSSs promoter and control SSSs expression. Overexpression of SSSs could rescue the stylar defect of nga1nga3 double mutant, indicating their context in the same regulatory pathway. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism responsible for patterning the fine architecture of apical gynoecium and establishing a proper interface for pollen tube growth, which is therefore crucial for plant sexual reproduction.
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49
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Sankaranarayanan S, Kessler SA. Growing straight through walls. eLife 2020; 9:e61647. [PMID: 32867921 PMCID: PMC7462601 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen tube in a flowering plant grows in a direction that is influenced by the mechanical properties of the stigma papillae and the organization of structures called cortical microtubules inside these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Sharon A Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
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50
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Desnoyer N, Howard G, Jong E, Palanivelu R. AtPIG-S, a predicted Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase subunit, is critical for pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:380. [PMID: 32811442 PMCID: PMC7437025 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) addition is one of the several post-translational modifications to proteins that increase their affinity for membranes. In eukaryotes, the GPI transamidase complex (GPI-T) catalyzes the attachment of pre-assembled GPI anchors to GPI-anchored proteins (GAPs) through a transamidation reaction. A mutation in AtGPI8 (gpi8-2), the putative catalytic subunit of GPI-T in Arabidopsis, is transmitted normally through the female gametophyte (FG), indicating the FG tolerates loss of GPI transamidation. In contrast, gpi8-2 almost completely abolishes male gametophyte (MG) function. Still, the unexpected finding that gpi8-2 FGs function normally requires further investigation. Additionally, specific developmental defects in the MG caused by loss of GPI transamidation remain poorly characterized. RESULTS Here we investigated the effect of loss of AtPIG-S, another GPI-T subunit, in both gametophytes. Like gpi8-2, we showed that a mutation in AtPIG-S (pigs-1) disrupted synergid localization of LORELEI (LRE), a putative GAP critical for pollen tube reception by the FG. Still, pigs-1 is transmitted normally through the FG. Conversely, pigs-1 severely impaired male gametophyte (MG) function during pollen tube emergence and growth in the pistil. A pPIGS:GFP-PIGS transgene complemented these MG defects and enabled generation of pigs-1/pigs-1 seedlings. However, the pPIGS:GFP-PIGS transgene seemingly failed to rescue the function of AtPIG-S in the sporophyte, as pigs-1/pigs-1, pPIGS:GFP-PIGS seedlings died soon after germination. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of pigs-1 provided further evidence that the FG tolerates loss of GPI transamidation more than the MG and that the MG compared to the FG may be a better haploid system to study the role of GPI-anchoring. Pigs-1 pollen develops normally and thus represent a tool in which GPI anchor biosynthesis and transamidation of GAPs have been uncoupled, offering a potential way to study free GPI in plant development. While previously reported male fertility defects of GPI biosynthesis mutants could have been due either to loss of GPI or GAPs lacking the GPI anchor, our results clarified that the loss of mature GAPs underlie male fertility defects of GPI-deficient pollen grains, as pigs-1 is defective only in the downstream transamidation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Desnoyer
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Present Address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Howard
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Emma Jong
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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