1
|
Denninger P. RHO OF PLANTS signalling and the activating ROP GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS: specificity in cellular signal transduction in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3685-3699. [PMID: 38683617 PMCID: PMC11194304 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Every cell constantly receives signals from its neighbours or the environment. In plants, most signals are perceived by RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASEs (RLKs) and then transmitted into the cell. The molecular switches RHO OF PLANTS (ROP) are critical proteins for polar signal transduction and regulate multiple cell polarity processes downstream of RLKs. Many ROP-regulating proteins and scaffold proteins of the ROP complex are known. However, the spatiotemporal ROP signalling complex composition is not yet understood. Moreover, how specificity is achieved in different ROP signalling pathways within one cell still needs to be determined. This review gives an overview of recent advances in ROP signalling and how specificity by downstream scaffold proteins can be achieved. The composition of the ROP signalling complexes is discussed, focusing on the possibility of the simultaneous presence of ROP activators and inactivators within the same complex to balance ROP activity. Furthermore, this review highlights the function of plant-specific ROP GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS polarizing ROP signalling and defining the specificity of the initiated ROP signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Denninger
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Strasse 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xue B, Duan W, Gong L, Zhu D, Li X, Li X, Liang YK. The OsDIR55 gene increases salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1550-1568. [PMID: 38412303 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The increased soil salinity is becoming a major challenge to produce more crops and feed the growing population of the world. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of OsDIR55 gene enhances rice salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. OsDIR55 is broadly expressed in all examined tissues and organs with the maximum expression levels at lignified regions in rice roots. Salt stress upregulates the expression of OsDIR55 gene in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. Loss-function and overexpression of OsDIR55 compromised and improved the development of CS and root diffusion barrier, manifested with the decreased and increased width of CS, respectively, and ultimately affected the permeability of the apoplastic diffusion barrier in roots. OsDIR55 deficiency resulted in Na+ accumulation, ionic imbalance, and growth arrest, whereas overexpression of OsDIR55 enhances salinity tolerance and provides an overall benefit to plant growth and yield potential. Collectively, we propose that OsDIR55 is crucial for ions balance control and salt stress tolerance through regulating lignification-mediated root barrier modifications in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen D, Wippel K, Remmel S, Zhang Y, Kuertoes N, Neumann U, Kopriva S, Andersen TG. The Arabidopsis SGN3/GSO1 receptor kinase integrates soil nitrogen status into shoot development. EMBO J 2024; 43:2486-2505. [PMID: 38698215 PMCID: PMC11183077 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Casparian strip is a barrier in the endodermal cell walls of plants that allows the selective uptake of nutrients and water. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, its development and establishment are under the control of a receptor-ligand mechanism termed the Schengen pathway. This pathway facilitates barrier formation and activates downstream compensatory responses in case of dysfunction. However, due to a very tight functional association with the Casparian strip, other potential signaling functions of the Schengen pathway remain obscure. In this work, we created a MYB36-dependent synthetic positive feedback loop that drives Casparian strip formation independently of Schengen-induced signaling. We evaluated this by subjecting plants in which the Schengen pathway has been uncoupled from barrier formation, as well as a number of established barrier-mutant plants, to agar-based and soil conditions that mimic agricultural settings. Under the latter conditions, the Schengen pathway is necessary for the establishment of nitrogen-deficiency responses in shoots. These data highlight Schengen signaling as an essential hub for the adaptive integration of signaling from the rhizosphere to aboveground tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Shen
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wippel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Remmel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Noah Kuertoes
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iqbal MS, Clode PL, Malik AI, Erskine W, Kotula L. Salt tolerance in mungbean is associated with controlling Na and Cl transport across roots, regulating Na and Cl accumulation in chloroplasts and maintaining high K in root and leaf mesophyll cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38757412 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance requires coordinated responses encompassing salt exclusion in roots and tissue/cellular compartmentation of salt in leaves. We investigated the possible control points for salt ions transport in roots and tissue tolerance to Na+ and Cl- in leaves of two contrasting mungbean genotypes, salt-tolerant Jade AU and salt-sensitive BARI Mung-6, grown in nonsaline and saline (75 mM NaCl) soil. Cryo-SEM X-ray microanalysis was used to determine concentrations of Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S in various cell types in roots related to the development of apoplastic barriers, and in leaves related to photosynthetic performance. Jade AU exhibited superior salt exclusion by accumulating higher [Na] in the inner cortex, endodermis, and pericycle with reduced [Na] in xylem vessels and accumulating [Cl] in cortical cell vacuoles compared to BARI Mung-6. Jade AU maintained higher [K] in root cells than BARI Mung-6. In leaves, Jade AU maintained lower [Na] and [Cl] in chloroplasts and preferentially accumulated [K] in mesophyll cells than BARI Mung-6, resulting in higher photosynthetic efficiency. Salinity tolerance in Jade AU was associated with shoot Na and Cl exclusion, effective regulation of Na and Cl accumulation in chloroplasts, and maintenance of high K in root and leaf mesophyll cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahin Iqbal
- Center for Plant Genetics and Breeding, The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Pulses Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Ishurdi, Bangladesh
| | - Peta L Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Al Imran Malik
- Center for Plant Genetics and Breeding, The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT-Asia), Lao People's Democratic Republic Office, Vientiane, Laos
| | - William Erskine
- Center for Plant Genetics and Breeding, The UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kotula
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vestenaa MW, Husted S, Minutello F, Persson DP. Endodermal suberin restricts root leakage of cesium: a suitable tracer for potassium. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14393. [PMID: 38923555 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
An urgent challenge within crop production is to maintain productivity in a world plagued by climate change and its associated plant stresses, such as heat, drought and salinity. A key factor in this endeavor is to understand the dynamics of root suberization, and its role in plant-water relations and nutrient transport. This study focuses on the hypothesis that endodermal suberin, acts as a physical barrier preventing radial potassium (K) movement out of the vascular tissues during translocation. Previous attempts to experimentally support this idea have produced inconsistent results. We developed a Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method, allowing us to visualize the distribution of mineral elements and track K movement. Cesium (Cs), dosed in optimized concentrations, was found to be an ideal tracer for K, due to its low background and similar chemical/biological properties. In suberin mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, we observed a positive correlation between suberin levels and K translocation efficiency, indicating that suberin enhances the plant's ability to retain K within the vascular tissues during translocation from root to shoot. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), fully suberized seminal roots maintained higher K concentrations in the stele compared to younger, less suberized root zones. This suggests that suberization increases with root maturity, enhancing the barrier against K leakage. In nodal roots, suberin was scattered towards the phloem in mature root zones. Despite this incomplete suberization, nodal roots still restrict outward K movement, demonstrating that even partial suberin barriers can significantly reduce K loss. Our findings provide evidence that suberin is a barrier to K leakage during root-to-shoot translocation. This understanding is crucial to maintain crop productivity in the face of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Winther Vestenaa
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen
| | - Søren Husted
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen
| | - Francesco Minutello
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Xu Y, Zhang J, Xu K, Zheng X, Luo J, Lu J. Integrative physiology and transcriptome reveal salt-tolerance differences between two licorice species: Ion transport, Casparian strip formation and flavonoids biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:272. [PMID: 38605293 PMCID: PMC11007891 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. are both original plants of 'Gan Cao' in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and G. uralensis is currently the mainstream variety of licorice and has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Both of these species have shown some degree of tolerance to salinity, G. inflata exhibits higher salt tolerance than G. uralensis and can grow on saline meadow soils and crusty saline soils. However, the regulatory mechanism responsible for the differences in salt tolerance between different licorice species is unclear. Due to land area-related limitations, the excavation and cultivation of licorice varieties in saline-alkaline areas that both exhibit tolerance to salt and contain highly efficient active substances are needed. The systematic identification of the key genes and pathways associated with the differences in salt tolerance between these two licorice species will be beneficial for cultivating high-quality salt-tolerant licorice G. uralensis plant varieties and for the long-term development of the licorice industry. In this research, the differences in growth response indicators, ion accumulation, and transcription expression between the two licorice species were analyzed. RESULTS This research included a comprehensive comparison of growth response indicators, including biomass, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and total flavonoids content, between two distinct licorice species and an analysis of their ion content and transcriptome expression. In contrast to the result found for G. uralensis, the salt treatment of G. inflata ensured the stable accumulation of biomass and total flavonoids at 0.5 d, 15 d, and 30 d and the restriction of Na+ to the roots while allowing for more K+ and Ca2+ accumulation. Notably, despite the increase in the Na+ concentration in the roots, the MDA concentration remained low. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulatory effects of growth and ion transport on the two licorice species were strongly correlated with the following pathways and relevant DEGs: the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway involved in carbon metabolism; Casparian strip formation (lignin oxidation and translocation, suberin formation) in response to Na+; K+ and Ca2+ translocation, organic solute synthesis (arginine, polyamines, GABA) in response to osmotic stresses; and the biosynthesis of the nonenzymatic antioxidants carotenoids and flavonoids in response to antioxidant stress. Furthermore, the differential expression of the DEGs related to ABA signaling in hormone transduction and the regulation of transcription factors such as the HSF and GRAS families may be associated with the remarkable salt tolerance of G. inflata. CONCLUSION Compared with G. uralensis, G. inflata exhibits greater salt tolerance, which is primarily attributable to factors related to carbon metabolism, endodermal barrier formation and development, K+ and Ca2+ transport, biosynthesis of carotenoids and flavonoids, and regulation of signal transduction pathways and salt-responsive transcription factors. The formation of the Casparian strip, especially the transport and oxidation of lignin precursors, is likely the primary reason for the markedly higher amount of Na+ in the roots of G. inflata than in those of G. uralensis. The tendency of G. inflata to maintain low MDA levels in its roots under such conditions is closely related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and carotenoids and the maintenance of the osmotic balance in roots by the absorption of more K+ and Ca2+ to meet growth needs. These findings may provide new insights for developing and cultivating G. uralensis plant species selected for cultivation in saline environments or soils managed through agronomic practices that involve the use of water with a high salt content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiade Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xuerong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiafen Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Loo EPI, Durán P, Pang TY, Westhoff P, Deng C, Durán C, Lercher M, Garrido-Oter R, Frommer WB. Sugar transporters spatially organize microbiota colonization along the longitudinal root axis of Arabidopsis. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:543-556.e6. [PMID: 38479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots are functionally heterogeneous in cellular architecture, transcriptome profile, metabolic state, and microbial immunity. We hypothesized that axial differentiation may also impact spatial colonization by root microbiota along the root axis. We developed two growth systems, ArtSoil and CD-Rhizotron, to grow and then dissect Arabidopsis thaliana roots into three segments. We demonstrate that distinct endospheric and rhizosphere bacterial communities colonize the segments, supporting the hypothesis of microbiota differentiation along the axis. Root metabolite profiling of each segment reveals differential metabolite enrichment and specificity. Bioinformatic analyses and GUS histochemistry indicate microbe-induced accumulation of SWEET2, 4, and 12 sugar uniporters. Profiling of root segments from sweet mutants shows altered spatial metabolic profiles and reorganization of endospheric root microbiota. This work reveals the interdependency between root metabolites and microbial colonization and the contribution of SWEETs to spatial diversity and stability of microbial ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P-I Loo
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Paloma Durán
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tin Yau Pang
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chen Deng
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carlos Durán
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Lercher
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Computer Science and Department of Biology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruben Garrido-Oter
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Earlham Institute, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Physiology, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou H, Peng J, Zhao W, Zeng Y, Xie K, Huang G. Leaf diffusional capacity largely contributes to the reduced photosynthesis in rice plants under magnesium deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108565. [PMID: 38537380 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have clarified the impacts of magnesium (Mg) on leaf photosynthesis from the perspectives of protein synthesis, enzymes activation and carbohydrate partitioning. However, it still remains largely unknown how stomatal and mesophyll conductances (gs and gm, respectively) are regulated by Mg. In the present study, leaf gas exchanges, leaf hydraulic parameters, leaf structural traits and cell wall composition were examined in rice plants grown under high and low Mg treatments to elucidate the impacts of Mg on gs and gm. Our results showed that reduction of leaf photosynthesis under Mg deficiency was mainly caused by the decreased gm, followed by reduced leaf biochemical capacity and gs, and leaf outside-xylem hydraulic conductance (Kox) was the major factor restricting gs under Mg deficiency. Moreover, increased leaf hemicellulose, lignin and pectin contents and decreased cell wall effective porosity were observed in low Mg plants relative to high Mg plants. These results suggest that Kox and cell wall composition play important roles in regulating gs and gm, respectively, in rice plants under Mg shortages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kailiu Xie
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu C, Chang J, Yang J, Li H, Wu J, Wu J, Dai X, Wei F, Zhang X, Su X, Xia Z. Overexpression of NtDOGL4 improves cadmium tolerance through abscisic acid signaling pathway in tobacco. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133462. [PMID: 38215520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The DELAY OF GERMINATION1-LIKE (DOGL) genes play an essential role in diverse biological processes in plants. However, their exact involvement in the response to cadmium (Cd) stress via the ABA pathway remains unclear. Here, we focused on NtDOGL4, a tobacco DOGL gene whose expression is highly induced upon exposure to Cd. Overexpression of NtDOGL4 in tobacco resulted in elevated endogenous ABA levels, reduced Cd accumulation, and increased tolerance to Cd. Moreover, NtDOGL4 overexpression led to decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved ROS scavenging capacity under Cd stress. Further analyses revealed the direct binding of the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) to the NtDOGL4 promoter, positively regulating its expression in tobacco. Notably, NtDOGL4 overexpression promoted suberin formation and deposition, while suppressing the expression of Cd transporter genes in tobacco roots, as evidenced by histochemical staining, suberin fraction determination, and qRT-PCR assays. Collectively, our results demonstrate that NtDOGL4 overexpression reduces Cd accumulation, thereby improving Cd stress tolerance through the modulation of antioxidant system, transcription of Cd transporters, and suberin deposition. Notably, the NtABI5-NtDOGL4 module functions as a positive regulator in tobacco's Cd tolerance, underscoring its potential as a molecular target for developing low-Cd crops to ensure environmental safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Hongchen Li
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Junlin Wu
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Fengjie Wei
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xinhong Su
- Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Zongliang Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu B, Chao DY, Zhao Y. How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:394-423. [PMID: 38329193 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants. Plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency. Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress, or osmotic stress caused by drought, ever since Charles Darwin, and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level, including changes in turgor, cell wall stiffness and integrity, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume, and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses. In this review, we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms, compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms, prospected how plants sense changes in turgor, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants, animals, yeasts, and bacteria, summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs, such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation, membrane water permeability, root hydrotropism, root halotropism, Casparian strip and suberin lamellae, and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors. We also discussed the core scientific questions, provided perspective about the future directions in this field, and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ye B, Wang J, Zhou L, Yu X, Sui Q. Perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in agricultural soil-plant systems: Occurrence, uptake, and biotransformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168974. [PMID: 38036134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) precursors have been used in various consumer and industrial products due to their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. In recent years, PFAA precursors in agricultural soil-plant systems have received increasing attention as they are susceptible to biotransformation into metabolites with high biotoxicity risks to human health. In this review, we systematically assessed the occurrence of PFAA precursors in agricultural soils, taking into account their sources and biodegradation pathways. In addition, we summarized the findings of the relevant literature on the uptake and biotransformation of PFAA precursors by agricultural plants. The applications of biosolids/composts and pesticides are the main sources of PFAA precursors in agricultural soils. The physicochemical properties of PFAA precursors, soil organic carbon (SOC) contents, and plant species are the key factors influencing plant root uptakes of PFAA precursors from soils. This review revealed, through toxicity assessment, the potential of PFAA precursors to generate metabolites with higher toxicity than the parent precursors. The results of this paper provide a reference for future research on PFAA precursors and their metabolites in soil-plant systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Ye
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xia Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diehn S, Kirby N, Ben-Zeev S, Alemu MD, Saranga Y, Elbaum R. Raman developmental markers in root cell walls are associated with lodging tendency in tef. PLANTA 2024; 259:54. [PMID: 38294548 PMCID: PMC10830713 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Using Raman micro-spectroscopy on tef roots, we could monitor cell wall maturation in lines with varied genetic lodging tendency. We describe the developing cell wall composition in root endodermis and cylinder tissue. Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is an important staple crop in Ethiopia and Eritrea, producing gluten-free and protein-rich grains. However, this crop is not adapted to modern farming practices due to high lodging susceptibility, which prevents the application of mechanical harvest. Lodging describes the displacement of roots (root lodging) or fracture of culms (stem lodging), forcing plants to bend or fall from their vertical position, causing significant yield losses. In this study, we aimed to understand the microstructural properties of crown roots, underlining tef tolerance/susceptibility to lodging. We analyzed plants at 5 and 10 weeks after emergence and compared trellised to lodged plants. Root cross sections from different tef genotypes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Lodging susceptible genotypes exhibited early tissue maturation, including developed aerenchyma, intensive lignification, and lignin with high levels of crosslinks. A comparison between trellised and lodged plants suggested that lodging itself does not affect the histology of root tissue. Furthermore, cell wall composition along plant maturation was typical to each of the tested genotypes independently of trellising. Our results suggest that it is possible to select lines that exhibit slow maturation of crown roots. Such lines are predicted to show reduction in lodging and facilitate mechanical harvest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Diehn
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Noa Kirby
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiran Ben-Zeev
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Muluken Demelie Alemu
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yehoshua Saranga
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Doll NM. Filling the gaps: Monitoring Casparian strip integrity in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:219-220. [PMID: 37930820 PMCID: PMC10827307 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M Doll
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang B, Xin B, Sun X, Chao D, Zheng H, Peng L, Chen X, Zhang L, Yu J, Ma D, Xia J. Small peptide signaling via OsCIF1/2 mediates Casparian strip formation at the root endodermal and nonendodermal cell layers in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:383-403. [PMID: 37847118 PMCID: PMC10827571 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The Casparian strip (CS) is a ring-like lignin structure deposited between endodermal cells that forms an apoplastic barrier to control the selective uptake of nutrients in vascular plants. However, the molecular mechanism of CS formation in rice (Oryza sativa), which possesses one CS each in the endodermis and exodermis, is relatively unknown. Here, we functionally characterized CS INTEGRITY FACTOR1 (OsCIF1a, OsCIF1b), OsCIF2, and SCHENGEN3 (OsSGN3a, OsSGN3b) in rice. OsCIF1s and OsCIF2 were mainly expressed in the stele, while OsSGN3s localized around the CS at the endodermis. Knockout of all three OsCIFs or both OsSGN3s resulted in a discontinuous CS and a dramatic reduction in compensatory (less localized) lignification and suberization at the endodermis. By contrast, ectopic overexpression of OsCIF1 or OsCIF2 induced CS formation as well as overlignification and oversuberization at single or double cortical cell layers adjacent to the endodermis. Ectopic co-overexpression of OsCIF1 and SHORTROOT1 (OsSHR1) induced the formation of more CS-like structures at multiple cortical cell layers. Transcriptome analysis identified 112 downstream genes modulated by the OsCIF1/2-OsSGN3 signaling pathway, which is involved in CS formation and activation of the compensatory machinery in native endodermis and nonnative endodermis-like cell layers. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of CIF-mediated CS formation at the root endodermal and nonendodermal cell layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Boning Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dong Chao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huawei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liyun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alexandre CM, Bubb KL, Schultz KM, Lempe J, Cuperus JT, Queitsch C. LTP2 hypomorphs show genotype-by-environment interaction in early seedling traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:253-266. [PMID: 37865885 PMCID: PMC10843042 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Isogenic individuals can display seemingly stochastic phenotypic differences, limiting the accuracy of genotype-to-phenotype predictions. The extent of this phenotypic variation depends in part on genetic background, raising questions about the genes involved in controlling stochastic phenotypic variation. Focusing on early seedling traits in Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that hypomorphs of the cuticle-related gene LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN 2 (LTP2) greatly increased variation in seedling phenotypes, including hypocotyl length, gravitropism and cuticle permeability. Many ltp2 hypocotyls were significantly shorter than wild-type hypocotyls while others resembled the wild-type. Differences in epidermal properties and gene expression between ltp2 seedlings with long and short hypocotyls suggest a loss of cuticle integrity as the primary determinant of the observed phenotypic variation. We identified environmental conditions that reveal or mask the increased variation in ltp2 hypomorphs and found that increased expression of its closest paralog LTP1 is necessary for ltp2 phenotypes. Our results illustrate how decreased expression of a single gene can generate starkly increased phenotypic variation in isogenic individuals in response to an environmental challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry L Bubb
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Karla M Schultz
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Janne Lempe
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden, Germany 1099
| | - Josh T Cuperus
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang D, Zhou W, Wang X, Zhao M, Zhang YJ, Tyree MT, Peng G. An analytical complete model of root pressure generation: Theoretical bases for studying hydraulics of bamboo. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:59-71. [PMID: 37807644 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the dynamics and functional roles of root pressure, we represent a novel and the first complete analytical model for root pressure, which can be applied to complex roots/shoots. The osmotic volume of a single root is equal to that of the vessel lumen in fine roots and adjacent apoplastic spaces. Water uptake occurs via passive osmosis and active solute uptake (J s * , osmol s-1 ), resulting in the osmolyte concentration Cr (mol·kg-1 of water) at a fixed osmotic volume. Solute loss occurs via two passive processes: radial diffusion of solute Km (Cr - Csoil ) from fine roots to soil, where Km is the diffusional constant and Csoil is the soil-solute concentration, and the mass flow of solute and water into the plant from the fine roots. The proposed model predicts the quadratic function of root pressure (Pr ),P r 2 + b P r + c = 0 , where b and c are the functions of plant hydraulic resistance, soil water potential, solute flux and gravitational potential. The model demonstrates the root pressure-mediated distribution of water through the hydraulic architecture of a 6.8-m-tall bamboo shoot. This model provides a theoretical basis to test the functional roles of root pressure in shaping the hydraulic architecture and refilling potential xylem embolisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Melvin T Tyree
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoquan Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cantó-Pastor A, Kajala K, Shaar-Moshe L, Manzano C, Timilsena P, De Bellis D, Gray S, Holbein J, Yang H, Mohammad S, Nirmal N, Suresh K, Ursache R, Mason GA, Gouran M, West DA, Borowsky AT, Shackel KA, Sinha N, Bailey-Serres J, Geldner N, Li S, Franke RB, Brady SM. A suberized exodermis is required for tomato drought tolerance. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:118-130. [PMID: 38168610 PMCID: PMC10808073 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots integrate environmental signals with development using exquisite spatiotemporal control. This is apparent in the deposition of suberin, an apoplastic diffusion barrier, which regulates flow of water, solutes and gases, and is environmentally plastic. Suberin is considered a hallmark of endodermal differentiation but is absent in the tomato endodermis. Instead, suberin is present in the exodermis, a cell type that is absent in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we demonstrate that the suberin regulatory network has the same parts driving suberin production in the tomato exodermis and the Arabidopsis endodermis. Despite this co-option of network components, the network has undergone rewiring to drive distinct spatial expression and with distinct contributions of specific genes. Functional genetic analyses of the tomato MYB92 transcription factor and ASFT enzyme demonstrate the importance of exodermal suberin for a plant water-deficit response and that the exodermal barrier serves an equivalent function to that of the endodermis and can act in its place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cantó-Pastor
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kaisa Kajala
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Plant-Environment Signaling, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lidor Shaar-Moshe
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Concepción Manzano
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Prakash Timilsena
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Damien De Bellis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Gray
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julia Holbein
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - He Yang
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sana Mohammad
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Niba Nirmal
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kiran Suresh
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robertas Ursache
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Alex Mason
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mona Gouran
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Donnelly A West
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexander T Borowsky
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Shackel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neelima Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Song Li
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rochus Benni Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Su Y, Feng T, Liu CB, Huang H, Wang YL, Fu X, Han ML, Zhang X, Huang X, Wu JC, Song T, Shen H, Yang X, Xu L, Lü S, Chao DY. The evolutionary innovation of root suberin lamellae contributed to the rise of seed plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1968-1977. [PMID: 37932483 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed plants overtook ferns to become the dominant plant group during the late Carboniferous, a period in which the climate became colder and dryer1,2. However, the specific innovations driving the success of seed plants are not clear. Here we report that the appearance of suberin lamellae (SL) contributed to the rise of seed plants. We show that the Casparian strip and SL vascular barriers evolved at different times, with the former originating in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of vascular plants and the latter in the MRCA of seed plants. Our results further suggest that most of the genes required for suberin formation arose through gene duplication in the MRCA of seed plants. We show that the appearance of the SL in the MRCA of seed plants enhanced drought tolerance through preventing water loss from the stele. We hypothesize that SL provide a decisive selective advantage over ferns in arid environments, resulting in the decline of ferns and the rise of gymnosperms. This study provides insights into the evolutionary success of seed plants and has implications for engineering drought-tolerant crops or fern varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Su
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chu-Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Chen Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lian W, Geng A, Wang Y, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen G. The Molecular Mechanism of Potassium Absorption, Transport, and Utilization in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16682. [PMID: 38069005 PMCID: PMC10705939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium is essential for plant growth and development and stress adaptation. The maintenance of potassium homeostasis involves a series of potassium channels and transporters, which promote the movement of potassium ions (K+) across cell membranes and exhibit complex expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms. Rice is a major food crop in China. The low utilization rate of potassium fertilizer limits the yield and quality of rice. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of potassium absorption, transport, and utilization is critical in improving potassium utilization efficiency in rice. Although some K+ transporter genes have been identified from rice, research on the regulatory network is still in its infancy. Therefore, this review summarizes the relevant information on K+ channels and transporters in rice, covering the absorption of K+ in the roots, transport to the shoots, the regulation pathways, the relationship between K+ and the salt tolerance of rice, and the synergistic regulation of potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus signals. The related research on rice potassium nutrition has been comprehensively reviewed, the existing research foundation and the bottleneck problems to be solved in this field have been clarified, and the follow-up key research directions have been pointed out to provide a theoretical framework for the cultivation of potassium-efficient rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Lian
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anjing Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu T, Kreszies T. The exodermis: A forgotten but promising apoplastic barrier. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 290:154118. [PMID: 37871477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The endodermis and exodermis are widely recognized as two important barriers in plant roots that play a role in regulating the movement of water and ions. While the endodermis is present in nearly all plant roots, the exodermis, characterized by Casparian strips and suberin lamellae is absent in certain plant species. The exodermis can be classified into three types: uniform, dimorphic, and inducible exodermis. Apart from its role in water and ion transport, the exodermis acts as a protective barrier against harmful substances present in the external environment. Furthermore, the exodermis is a complex barrier influenced by various environmental factors, and its resistance to water and ions varies depending on the type of exodermis and the maturity of the root. Therefore, investigations concerning the exodermis necessitate a plant-specific approach. However, our current understanding of the exodermal physiological functions and molecular mechanisms governing its development is limited due to the absence of an exodermis in the model plant Arabidopsis. Due to that, unfortunately, the exodermis has been largely overlooked until now. In this review, we aim to summarize the current fundamental knowledge regarding the exodermis in common research used crop species and propose suggestions for future research endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tino Kreszies
- Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao YQ, Huang JQ, Reyt G, Song T, Love A, Tiemessen D, Xue PY, Wu WK, George MW, Chen XY, Chao DY, Castrillo G, Salt DE. A dirigent protein complex directs lignin polymerization and assembly of the root diffusion barrier. Science 2023; 382:464-471. [PMID: 37883539 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi5032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Functionally similar to the tight junctions present in animal guts, plant roots have evolved a lignified Casparian strip as an extracellular diffusion barrier in the endodermis to seal the root apoplast and maintain nutrient homeostasis. How this diffusion barrier is structured has been partially defined, but its lignin polymerization and assembly steps remain elusive. Here, we characterize a family of dirigent proteins (DPs) essential for both the localized polymerization of lignin required for Casparian strip biogenesis in the cell wall and for attachment of the strip to the plasma membrane to seal the apoplast. We reveal a Casparian strip lignification mechanism that requires cooperation between DPs and the Schengen pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DPs directly mediate lignin polymerization as part of this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Gao
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Jin-Quan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guilhem Reyt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ashley Love
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Tiemessen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pei-Ying Xue
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wen-Kai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mohd-Radzman NA, Drapek C. Compartmentalisation: A strategy for optimising symbiosis and tradeoff management. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2998-3011. [PMID: 36717758 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant root architecture is developmentally plastic in response to fluctuating nutrient levels in the soil. Part of this developmental plasticity is the formation of dedicated root cells and organs to host mutualistic symbionts. Structures like nitrogen-fixing nodules serve as alternative nutrient acquisition strategies during starvation conditions. Some root systems can also form myconodules-globular root structures that can host mycorrhizal fungi. The myconodule association is different from the wide-spread arbuscular mycorrhization. This range of symbiotic associations provides different degrees of compartmentalisation, from the cellular to organ scale, which allows the plant host to regulate the entry and extent of symbiotic interactions. In this review, we discuss the degrees of symbiont compartmentalisation by the plant host as a developmental strategy and speculate how spatial confinement mitigates risks associated with root symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen Drapek
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), Bateman Street, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song T, Tian YQ, Liu CB, Gao YQ, Wang YL, Zhang J, Su Y, Xu LN, Han ML, Salt DE, Chao DY. A new family of proteins is required for tethering of Casparian strip membrane domain and nutrient homoeostasis in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1749-1759. [PMID: 37653341 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions are essential for multicellular organisms to maintain nutrient homoeostasis. A plant-type tight junction, the Casparian strip (CS)-Casparian strip membrane domain (CSD) that seals the paracellular space between adjacent endodermal cells, has been known for more than one hundred years. However, the molecular basis of this structure remains unknown. Here we report that a new family of proteins containing a glycine/alanine/proline-rich domain, a lectin domain and a secretory signal peptide (GAPLESS) mediates tethering of the plasma membrane to the CS in rice. The GAPLESS proteins are specifically localized in the CS of root endodermal cells, and loss of their functions results in a disabled cell-cell junction and disrupted nutrient homoeostasis. The GAPLESS protein forms a tight complex with OsCASP1 in the plasma membrane, thereby mediating the CS-CSD junction. This study provides valuable insights into the junctional complex of plant endodermal cells, shedding light on our understanding of nutrient homoeostasis in crops and the cell junctions of eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Qi Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Bin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qun Gao
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Su
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu Q, Feng Z, Tsukagoshi H, Yang M, Ao Y, Fujiwara T, Kamiya T. Early differentiation of Casparian strip mediated by nitric oxide is required for efficient K transport under low K conditions in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:467-477. [PMID: 37422899 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The Casparian strip (CS) is a cell wall modification made of lignin that functions as an apoplastic barrier in the root endodermis to restrict nutrient and water transport between the soil and stele. CS formation is affected by nutritional conditions, and its physiological roles have been discussed. This study found that low K condition affects CS permeability, lignin deposition, and MYB36 mRNA accumulation. To understand the mechanism underlying these findings, we focused on nitric oxide (NO). NO is known to act as a signaling molecule and participates in cell wall synthesis, especially for lignin composition. However, the mechanism by which NO affects lignin deposition and corrects CS formation in the plant roots remains unclear. Through combining fluorescent observation with histological stains, we demonstrated that the root endodermal cell lignification response to low-potassium (K) conditions is mediated by NO through the MYB36-associated lignin-polymerizing pathway. Furthermore, we discovered the noteworthy ability of NO to maintain nutrient homeostasis for adaptation to low K conditions by affecting the correct apoplastic barrier formation of CS. Collectively, our results suggest that NO is required for the lignification and apoplastic barrier formation in the root endodermis during adaptation to low K conditions, which revealing the novel physiological roles of CS under low nutrient conditions and making a significant contribution to CS biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Zhihang Feng
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hironaka Tsukagoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miaoyan Yang
- Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215411, China
| | - Yan Ao
- Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215411, China
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Alexandre CM, Bubb KL, Schultz KM, Lempe J, Cuperus JT, Queitsch C. LTP2 hypomorphs show genotype-by-environment interaction in early seedling traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.540469. [PMID: 37214854 PMCID: PMC10197655 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isogenic individuals can display seemingly stochastic phenotypic differences, limiting the accuracy of genotype-to-phenotype predictions. The extent of this phenotypic variation depends in part on genetic background, raising questions about the genes involved in controlling stochastic phenotypic variation. Focusing on early seedling traits in Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that hypomorphs of the cuticle-related gene LTP2 greatly increased variation in seedling phenotypes, including hypocotyl length, gravitropism and cuticle permeability. Many ltp2 hypocotyls were significantly shorter than wild-type hypocotyls while others resembled the wild type. Differences in epidermal properties and gene expression between ltp2 seedlings with long and short hypocotyls suggest a loss of cuticle integrity as the primary determinant of the observed phenotypic variation. We identified environmental conditions that reveal or mask the increased variation in ltp2 hypomorphs, and found that increased expression of its closest paralog LTP1 is necessary for ltp2 phenotypes. Our results illustrate how decreased expression of a single gene can generate starkly increased phenotypic variation in isogenic individuals in response to an environmental challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry L Bubb
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Karla M Schultz
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Janne Lempe
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josh T Cuperus
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Panstruga R, Antonin W, Lichius A. Looking outside the box: a comparative cross-kingdom view on the cell biology of the three major lineages of eukaryotic multicellular life. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:198. [PMID: 37418047 PMCID: PMC10329083 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Many cell biological facts that can be found in dedicated scientific textbooks are based on findings originally made in humans and/or other mammals, including respective tissue culture systems. They are often presented as if they were universally valid, neglecting that many aspects differ-in part considerably-between the three major kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotic life, comprising animals, plants and fungi. Here, we provide a comparative cross-kingdom view on the basic cell biology across these lineages, highlighting in particular essential differences in cellular structures and processes between phyla. We focus on key dissimilarities in cellular organization, e.g. regarding cell size and shape, the composition of the extracellular matrix, the types of cell-cell junctions, the presence of specific membrane-bound organelles and the organization of the cytoskeleton. We further highlight essential disparities in important cellular processes such as signal transduction, intracellular transport, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cytokinesis. Our comprehensive cross-kingdom comparison emphasizes overlaps but also marked differences between the major lineages of the three kingdoms and, thus, adds to a more holistic view of multicellular eukaryotic cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Lichius
- inncellys GmbH, Dorfstrasse 20/3, 6082, Patsch, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Verbon EH, Liberman LM, Zhou J, Yin J, Pieterse CMJ, Benfey PN, Stringlis IA, de Jonge R. Cell-type-specific transcriptomics reveals that root hairs and endodermal barriers play important roles in beneficial plant-rhizobacterium interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1160-1177. [PMID: 37282370 PMCID: PMC10527033 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth- and health-promoting bacteria can boost crop productivity in a sustainable way. Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 is such a bacterium that efficiently colonizes roots, modifies the architecture of the root system to increase its size, and induces systemic resistance to make plants more resistant to pests and pathogens. Our previous work suggested that WCS417-induced phenotypes are controlled by root cell-type-specific mechanisms. However, it remains unclear how WCS417 affects these mechanisms. In this study, we transcriptionally profiled five Arabidopsis thaliana root cell types following WCS417 colonization. We found that the cortex and endodermis have the most differentially expressed genes, even though they are not in direct contact with this epiphytic bacterium. Many of these genes are associated with reduced cell wall biogenesis, and mutant analysis suggests that this downregulation facilitates WCS417-driven root architectural changes. Furthermore, we observed elevated expression of suberin biosynthesis genes and increased deposition of suberin in the endodermis of WCS417-colonized roots. Using an endodermal barrier mutant, we showed the importance of endodermal barrier integrity for optimal plant-beneficial bacterium association. Comparison of the transcriptome profiles in the two epidermal cell types that are in direct contact with WCS417-trichoblasts that form root hairs and atrichoblasts that do not-implies a difference in potential for defense gene activation. While both cell types respond to WCS417, trichoblasts displayed both higher basal and WCS417-dependent activation of defense-related genes compared with atrichoblasts. This suggests that root hairs may activate root immunity, a hypothesis that is supported by differential immune responses in root hair mutants. Taken together, these results highlight the strength of cell-type-specific transcriptional profiling to uncover "masked" biological mechanisms underlying beneficial plant-microbe associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline H Verbon
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louisa M Liberman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Yin
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ioannis A Stringlis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.56, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lu Y, Fricke W. Diurnal changes in apoplast bypass flow of water and ions in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13955. [PMID: 37323067 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to quantify the contribution of apoplastic bypass flow to the uptake of water and salt across the root cylinder of wheat and barley during day and night. Plants were grown on hydroponics until they were 14-17 days old and then analysed over a single day (16 h) or night (8 h) period while being exposed to different concentrations of NaCl (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl). Exposure to salt started just before the experiment (short-term stress) or had started 6d before (longer-term stress). Bypass flow was quantified using the apoplastic tracer dye 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenesulphonic acid (PTS). The percent contribution of bypass flow to root water uptake increased in response to salt stress and during the night and amounted to up to 4.4%. Bypass flow across the root cylinder of Na+ and Cl- made up 2%-12% of the net delivery of these ions to the shoot; this percentage changed little (wheat) or decreased (barley) during the night. Changes in the contribution of bypass flow to the net uptake of water, Na+ and Cl- in response to salt stress and day/night are the combined result of changes in xylem tension, the contribution of alternative cell-to-cell flow path and the requirement to generate xylem osmotic pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gowda RSR, Sharma S, Gill RS, Mangat GS, Bhatia D. Genome wide association studies and candidate gene mining for understanding the genetic basis of straw silica content in a set of Oryza nivara (Sharma et Shastry) accessions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174266. [PMID: 37324704 PMCID: PMC10266271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a high-silica (SiO2·nH2O) accumulator. Silicon (Si) is designated as a beneficial element associated with multiple positive effects on crops. However, the presence of high silica content is detrimental to rice straw management, hampering its use as animal feed and as raw material in multiple industries. Rice straw management is a serious concern in north-western India, and it is eventually burned in situ by farmers, contributing to air pollution. A practical solution could lie in reducing the silica content in rice while also attaining sound plant growth. A set of 258 Oryza nivara accessions along with 25 cultivated varieties of Oryza sativa was used to assess the variation in straw silica content using the molybdenum blue colorimetry method. A large continuous variation was observed for straw silica content in O. nivara accessions, ranging from 5.08% to 16%, while it varied from 6.18% to 15.81% in the cultivated varieties. The O. nivara accessions containing 43%-54% lower straw silica content than the currently prominent cultivated varieties in the region were identified. A set of 22,528 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 258 O. nivara accessions was used for estimating population structure and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A weak population structure with 59% admixtures was identified among O. nivara accessions. Further, multi-locus GWAS revealed the presence of 14 marker-trait associations (MTAs) for straw silica content, with six of them co-localizing with previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL). Twelve out of 14 MTAs showed statistically significant allelic differences. Thorough candidate gene analyses revealed the presence of promising candidate genes, including those encoding the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, Casparian thickening, multi-drug and toxin extrusion (MATE) protein, F-box, and MYB-transcription factors. Besides, ortho-QTLs among rice and maize genomes were identified, which could open ways for further genetic analysis of this trait. The findings of the study could aid in further understanding and characterizing genes for Si transport and regulation in the plant body. The donors carrying the alleles for lower straw silica content can be used in further marker-assisted breeding programs to develop rice varieties with lower silica content and higher yield potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakshith S. R. Gowda
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ranvir Singh Gill
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gurjit Singh Mangat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Dharminder Bhatia
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sidhu JS, Ajmera I, Arya S, Lynch JP. RootSlice-A novel functional-structural model for root anatomical phenotypes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1671-1690. [PMID: 36708192 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Root anatomy is an important determinant of root metabolic costs, soil exploration, and soil resource capture. Root anatomy varies substantially within and among plant species. RootSlice is a multicellular functional-structural model of root anatomy developed to facilitate the analysis and understanding of root anatomical phenotypes. RootSlice can capture phenotypically accurate root anatomy in three dimensions of different root classes and developmental zones, of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Several case studies are presented illustrating the capabilities of the model. For maize nodal roots, the model illustrated the role of vacuole expansion in cell elongation; and confirmed the individual and synergistic role of increasing root cortical aerenchyma and reducing the number of cortical cell files in reducing root metabolic costs. Integration of RootSlice for different root zones as the temporal properties of the nodal roots in the whole-plant and soil model OpenSimRoot/maize enabled the multiscale evaluation of root anatomical phenotypes, highlighting the role of aerenchyma formation in enhancing the utility of cortical cell files for improving plant performance over varying soil nitrogen supply. Such integrative in silico approaches present avenues for exploring the fitness landscape of root anatomical phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh Sidhu
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ishan Ajmera
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sankalp Arya
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Béziat C, Jaillais Y. Should I stay or should I go: the functional importance and regulation of lipid diffusion in biological membranes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2479-2488. [PMID: 36738265 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly dynamic, in particular due to the constant exchange of vesicles between the different compartments of the cell. In addition, the dynamic nature of membranes is also caused by their inherently fluid properties, with the diffusion of both proteins and lipids within their leaflets. Lipid diffusion is particularly difficult to study in vivo but recent advances in optical microscopy and lipid visualization now enable the characterization of lipid lateral motion, and here we review these methods in plants. We then discuss the parameters that affect lipid diffusion in membranes and explore their consequences on the formation of membrane domains at different scales. Finally, we consider how controlled lipid diffusion affects membrane functions during cell signaling, development, and environmental interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Béziat
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ivanovici A, Laffont C, Larrainzar E, Patel N, Winning CS, Lee HC, Imin N, Frugier F, Djordjevic MA. The Medicago SymCEP7 hormone increases nodule number via shoots without compromising lateral root number. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2012-2026. [PMID: 36653329 PMCID: PMC10022606 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Legumes acquire soil nutrients through nitrogen-fixing root nodules and lateral roots. To balance the costs and benefits of nodulation, legumes negatively control root nodule number by autoregulatory and hormonal pathways. How legumes simultaneously coordinate root nodule and lateral root development to procure nutrients remains poorly understood. In Medicago (Medicago truncatula), a subset of mature C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) hormones can systemically promote nodule number, but all CEP hormones tested to date negatively regulate lateral root number. Here we showed that Medicago CEP7 produces a mature peptide, SymCEP7, that promotes nodulation from the shoot without compromising lateral root number. Rhizobial inoculation induced CEP7 in the susceptible root nodulation zone in a Nod factor-dependent manner, and, in contrast to other CEP genes, its transcription level was elevated in the ethylene signaling mutant sickle. Using mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy and expression analysis, we demonstrated that SymCEP7 activity requires the COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 receptor and activates the shoot-to-root systemic effector, miR2111. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 rapidly promoted nodule number in the pM to nM range at concentrations up to five orders of magnitude lower than effects mediated by root-applied SymCEP7. Shoot-applied SymCEP7 also promoted nodule number in White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Lotus (Lotus japonicus), which suggests that this biological function may be evolutionarily conserved. We propose that SymCEP7 acts in the Medicago shoot to counter balance the autoregulation pathways induced rapidly by rhizobia to enable nodulation without compromising lateral root growth, thus promoting the acquisition of nutrients other than nitrogen to support their growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Ivanovici
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Carole Laffont
- University of Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Cité, Univ. d’Evry, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Neha Patel
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Courtney S Winning
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Nijat Imin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Florian Frugier
- University of Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University Paris-Cité, Univ. d’Evry, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael A Djordjevic
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Faizan M, Karabulut F, Alam P, Yusuf M, Tonny SH, Adil MF, Sehar S, Ahmed SM, Hayat S. Nanobionics: A Sustainable Agricultural Approach towards Understanding Plant Response to Heavy Metals, Drought, and Salt Stress. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:974. [PMID: 36985867 PMCID: PMC10058739 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the rising concentration of heavy metals (HMs) due to anthropogenic activities is a severe problem. Plants are very much affected by HM pollution as well as other abiotic stress such as salinity and drought. It is very important to fulfil the nutritional demands of an ever-growing population in these adverse environmental conditions and/or stresses. Remediation of HM in contaminated soil is executed through physical and chemical processes which are costly, time-consuming, and non-sustainable. The application of nanobionics in crop resilience with enhanced stress tolerance may be the safe and sustainable strategy to increase crop yield. Thus, this review emphasizes the impact of nanobionics on the physiological traits and growth indices of plants. Major concerns and stress tolerance associated with the use of nanobionics are also deliberated concisely. The nanobionic approach to plant physiological traits and stress tolerance would lead to an epoch of plant research at the frontier of nanotechnology and plant biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Fadime Karabulut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sadia Haque Tonny
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - S. Maqbool Ahmed
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lu Y, Fricke W. Changes in root hydraulic conductivity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to salt stress and day/night can best be explained through altered activity of aquaporins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:747-763. [PMID: 36600451 PMCID: PMC10107167 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress reduces plant water flow during day and night. It is not known to which extent root hydraulic properties change in parallel. To test this idea, hydroponically grown wheat plants were grown at four levels of salt stress (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) for 5-8d before harvest (d14-18) and subjected to a range of analyses to determine diurnal changes in hydraulic conductivity (Lp) at cell, root and plant level. Cell pressure probe analyses showed that the Lp of cortex cells was differentially affected by salt stress during day and night, and that the response to salt stress differed between the main axis of roots and lateral roots. The Aquaporin (AQP) inhibitor H2 O2 reduced Lp to a common, across treatments, level as observed in salt-stressed plants during the night. Analyses of transpiring plants and exuding root systems provided values of root Lp which were in the same range as values modeled based on cell-Lp. The results can best be explained through a change in root Lp in response to salt stress and day/night, which results from an altered activity of AQPs. qPCR gene expression analyses point to possible candidate AQP isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shaar-Moshe L, Brady SM. SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW homologs regulate patterning of diverse cell types within and between species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1542-1549. [PMID: 36457304 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The roles of SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) in ground tissue patterning and differentiation have been well established in the root of Arabidopsis thaliana. Recently, work in additional organs and species revealed the extensive functional diversification of these genes, including regulation of cortical divisions essential for nodule organogenesis in legume roots, bundle sheath specification in the Arabidopsis leaf, patterning of inner leaf cell layers in maize, and stomatal development in rice. The co-option of distinct functions and cell types is attributed to different mechanisms, including paralog retention, spatiotemporal changes in gene expression, and novel protein functions. Elaborating our knowledge of the SHR-SCR module further unravels the developmental regulation that controls diverse forms and functions within and between species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidor Shaar-Moshe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bai Y, Ali S, Liu S, Zhou J, Tang Y. Characterization of plant laccase genes and their functions. Gene 2023; 852:147060. [PMID: 36423777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laccase is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase found in different organisms. The multigene family that encodes laccases is widely distributed in plant genomes. Plant laccases oxidize monolignols to produce lignin which is important for plant growth and stress responses. Industrial applications of fungal and bacterial laccases are extensively explored and addressed. Recently many studies have focused on the significance of plant laccase, particularly in crop yield, and its functions in different environmental conditions. This review summarizes the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of plant laccase genes and their functions in plant growth and development. It especially describes the responses of laccase genes to various stresses and their contributions to plant biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In-depth explanations and scientific advances will serve as foundations for research into plant laccase genes' function, mechanism, and possible applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yulin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guo Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Du Q, Wang Z, Gong X, Sun Q, Li WX. Nitrogen supply affects ion homeostasis by modifying root Casparian strip formation through the miR528-LAC3 module in maize. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100553. [PMID: 36681862 PMCID: PMC10363476 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although nitrogen (N) is known to affect mineral element homeostasis in plants, the molecular mechanisms of interactions between N and other nutrients remain largely unclear. We report here that N supply affects ion homeostasis in maize. Berberine hemisulfate staining and a propidium iodide penetration assay showed that N luxury significantly delayed Casparian strip (CS) formation in maize roots. We further demonstrated that N-mediated CS formation in maize was independent of RBOHF-activated H2O2 production. N luxury induced the expression of ZmmiR528 in whole roots and root tips. Knockdown and loss-of-function of ZmmiR528 promoted CS formation under both N-luxury and N-deficient conditions. Both ZmMIR528a and ZmMIR528b contribute to early CS formation under different N conditions. RNA-seq and real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that ZmLAC3, but not ZmLAC5, responded to N treatments. Consistent with results obtained with ZmmiR528 TM transgenic maize and mir528a/b loss-of-function mutants, transgenic maize overexpressing ZmLAC3 displayed early CS formation under different N conditions. Under field conditions, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Mg, and Zn concentrations were greater in the ear leaf of ZmLAC3-overexpressing transgenic maize than in the wild type. These results indicate that ZmmiR528 affects CS formation in maize by regulating the expression of ZmLAC3, and modification of CS formation has the potential to improve maize quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingguo Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wen-Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nezamivand-Chegini M, Metzger S, Moghadam A, Tahmasebi A, Koprivova A, Eshghi S, Mohammadi-Dehchesmeh M, Kopriva S, Niazi A, Ebrahimie E. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provides insights into response mechanisms to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies in soybean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111498. [PMID: 36252857 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two essential plant macronutrients that can limit plant growth by different mechanisms. We aimed to shed light on how soybean respond to low nitrogen (LN), low phosphorus (LP) and their combined deficiency (LNP). Generally, these conditions triggered changes in gene expression of the same processes, including cell wall organization, defense response, response to oxidative stress, and photosynthesis, however, response was different in each condition. A typical primary response to LN and LP was detected also in soybean, i.e., the enhanced uptake of N and P, respectively, by upregulation of genes for the corresponding transporters. The regulation of genes involved in cell wall organization showed that in LP roots tended to produce more casparian strip, in LN more secondary wall biosynthesis occurred, and in LNP reduction in expression of genes involved in secondary wall production accompanied by cell wall loosening was observed. Flavonoid biosynthesis also showed distinct pattern of regulation in different conditions: more anthocyanin production in LP, and more isoflavonoid production in LN and LNP, which we confirmed also on the metabolite level. Interestingly, in soybean the nutrient deficiencies reduced defense response by lowering expression of genes involved in defense response, suggesting a role of N and P nutrition in plant disease resistance. In conclusion, we provide detailed information on how LN, LP, and LNP affect different processes in soybean roots on the molecular and physiological levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Metzger
- MS Platform, Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ali Moghadam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Anna Koprivova
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Saeid Eshghi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5371, Australia; La Trobe Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Svobodníková L, Kummerová M, Zezulka Š, Martinka M, Klemš M, Čáslavský J. Pea root responses under naproxen stress: changes in the formation of structural barriers in the primary root in context with changes of auxin and abscisic acid levels. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1-11. [PMID: 36542231 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals belong to pseudo-persistent pollutants because of constant entry into the environment and hazardous potential for non-target organisms, including plants, in which they can influence biochemical and physiological processes. Detailed analysis of results obtained by microscopic observations using fluorescent dyes (berberine hemisulphate, Fluorol Yellow 088), detection of phytohormone levels (radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) and thermogravimetric analysis of lignin content proved that the drug naproxen (NPX) can stimulate the formation of root structural barriers. In the primary root of plants treated with 0.5, 1, and 10 mg/L NPX, earlier Casparian strip formation and development of the whole endodermis circle closer to its apex were found after five days of cultivation (by 9-20% as compared to control) and after ten days from 0.1 mg/L NPX (by 8-63%). Suberin lamellae (SL) were deposited in endodermal cells significantly closer to the apex under 10 mg/L NPX by up to 75%. Structural barrier formation under NPX treatment can be influenced indirectly by auxin-supported cell division and differentiation caused by its eight-times higher level under 10 mg/L NPX and directly by stimulated SL deposition induced by abscisic acid (higher from 0.5 mg/L NPX), as proved by the higher proportion of cells with SL in the primary root base (by 8-44%). The earlier modification of endodermis in plant roots can help to limit the drug transfer and maintain the homeostasis of the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Svobodníková
- Section of Experimental Plant Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kummerová
- Section of Experimental Plant Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Zezulka
- Section of Experimental Plant Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Klemš
- Institute of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Čáslavský
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotope Analyses, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu L, Wei X, Yang Z, Yuan F, Han G, Guo J, Wang B. SbCASP-LP1C1 improves salt exclusion by enhancing the root apoplastic barrier. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 111:73-88. [PMID: 36372837 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C4 crop with high biomass and strong resistance to multiple stresses, can grow and reproduce in saline-alkaline soil and is an ideal raw material for biofuels. Under high-salinity conditions, sweet sorghum shows extensive salt exclusion. However, the specific molecular mechanism of the apoplastic barrier in salt exclusion is unknown. In this study, SbCASP-LP1C1 (a CASP-like protein1C1) was localized in the plasma membrane of sweet sorghum root endodermal cells, and its function was further studied by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis (35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP). When germinated and grown on 50 mM NaCl, the SbCASP-LP1C1-expressing lines had longer roots and a higher salinity threshold compared with wild-type (Col-0) plant and the casp-lp T-DNA insertion mutant in Arabidopsis. The 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines also suffered less oxidative damage as determined by DAB and NBT staining, and the expression levels of several antioxidant genes were higher in these lines. Moreover, the stele of 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines was less permeable to propidium iodide, and these plants contained less Na+ in their shoots and roots compared to wild type and casp-lp. In the 35 S:SbCASP-LP1C1-GFP lines, the expression levels of two Casparian strip synthesis genes, MYB36 and ESB1, were increased. These results indicate that SbCASP-LP1C1 may be involved in the polymerization of lignin monomers in the Casparian strip of sweet sorghum, thereby regulating salt tolerance. These results provide a theoretical basis to understand the role of plant roots in salt exclusion and a means by which to improve the salt tolerance of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaocen Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, 250306, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Choi SJ, Lee Z, Kim S, Jeong E, Shim JS. Modulation of lignin biosynthesis for drought tolerance in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116426. [PMID: 37152118 PMCID: PMC10157170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex polymer that is embedded in plant cell walls to provide physical support and water protection. For these reasons, the production of lignin is closely linked with plant adaptation to terrestrial regions. In response to developmental cues and external environmental conditions, plants use an elaborate regulatory network to determine the timing and location of lignin biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize the canonical lignin biosynthetic pathway and transcriptional regulatory network of lignin biosynthesis, consisting of NAC and MYB transcription factors, to explain how plants regulate lignin deposition under drought stress. Moreover, we discuss how the transcriptional network can be applied to the development of drought tolerant plants.
Collapse
|
42
|
Üstüner S, Schäfer P, Eichmann R. Development specifies, diversifies and empowers root immunity. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55631. [PMID: 36330761 PMCID: PMC9724680 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots are a highly organised plant tissue consisting of different cell types with distinct developmental functions defined by cell identity networks. Roots are the target of some of the most devastating diseases and possess a highly effective immune system. The recognition of microbe- or plant-derived molecules released in response to microbial attack is highly important in the activation of complex immunity gene networks. Development and immunity are intertwined, and immunity activation can result in growth inhibition. In turn, by connecting immunity and cell identity regulators, cell types are able to launch a cell type-specific immunity based on the developmental function of each cell type. By this strategy, fundamental developmental processes of each cell type contribute their most basic functions to drive cost-effective but highly diverse and, thus, efficient immune responses. This review highlights the interdependence of root development and immunity and how the developmental age of root cells contributes to positive and negative outcomes of development-immunity cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sim Üstüner
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Patrick Schäfer
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Ruth Eichmann
- Institute of Phytopathology, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gao YQ, Chao DY. Localization and circulation: vesicle trafficking in regulating plant nutrient homeostasis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1350-1363. [PMID: 36321185 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient homeostasis is essential for plant growth and reproduction. Plants, therefore, have evolved tightly regulated mechanisms for the uptake, translocation, distribution, and storage of mineral nutrients. Considering that inorganic nutrient transport relies on membrane-based transporters and channels, vesicle trafficking, one of the fundamental cell biological processes, has become a hotspot of plant nutrition studies. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the study of how vesicle trafficking regulates nutrient homeostasis to contribute to the adaptation of plants to heterogeneous environments. We also discuss new perspectives on future studies, which may inspire researchers to investigate new approaches to improve the human diet and health by changing the nutrient quality of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Gao
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen A, Liu T, Wang Z, Chen X. Plant root suberin: A layer of defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1056008. [PMID: 36507443 PMCID: PMC9732430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots have important functions, such as acquiring nutrients and water from the surrounding soil and transporting them upwards to the shoots. Simultaneously, they must be able to exclude potentially harmful substances and prevent the entry of pathogens into the roots. The endodermis surrounds the vascular tissues and forms hydrophobic diffusion barriers including Casparian strips and suberin lamella. Suberin in cell walls can be induced by a range of environmental factors and contribute to against biotic and abiotic threats. Tremendous progress has been made in biosynthesis of suberin and its function, little is known about the effect of its plasticity and distribution on stress tolerance. In field conditions, biotic and abiotic stress can exist at the same time, and little is known about the change of suberization under that condition. This paper update the progress of research related to suberin biosynthesis and its function, and also discuss the change of suberization in plant roots and its role on biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anle Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, and College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, and College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, and College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu H, Li Z. Nano-enabled agriculture: How do nanoparticles cross barriers in plants? PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100346. [PMID: 35689377 PMCID: PMC9700125 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-enabled agriculture is a topic of intense research interest. However, our knowledge of how nanoparticles enter plants, plant cells, and organelles is still insufficient. Here, we discuss the barriers that limit the efficient delivery of nanoparticles at the whole-plant and single-cell levels. Some commonly overlooked factors, such as light conditions and surface tension of applied nano-formulations, are discussed. Knowledge gaps regarding plant cell uptake of nanoparticles, such as the effect of electrochemical gradients across organelle membranes on nanoparticle delivery, are analyzed and discussed. The importance of controlling factors such as size, charge, stability, and dispersibility when properly designing nanomaterials for plants is outlined. We mainly focus on understanding how nanoparticles travel across barriers in plants and plant cells and the major factors that limit the efficient delivery of nanoparticles, promoting a better understanding of nanoparticle-plant interactions. We also provide suggestions on the design of nanomaterials for nano-enabled agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhaohu Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Feng T, Wu P, Gao H, Kosma DK, Jenks MA, Lü S. Natural variation in root suberization is associated with local environment in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:385-398. [PMID: 35751382 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic signature of climate adaptation has been widely recognized across the genome of many organisms; however, the eco-physiological basis for linking genomic polymorphisms with local adaptations remains largely unexplored. Using a panel of 218 world-wide Arabidopsis accessions, we characterized the natural variation in root suberization by quantifying 16 suberin monomers. We explored the associations between suberization traits and 126 climate variables. We conducted genome-wide association analysis and integrated previous genotype-environment association (GEA) to identify the genetic bases underlying suberization variation and their involvements in climate adaptation. Root suberin content displays extensive variation across Arabidopsis populations and significantly correlates with local moisture gradients and soil characteristics. Specifically, enhanced suberization is associated with drier environments, higher soil cation-exchange capacity, and lower soil pH; higher proportional levels of very-long-chain suberin is negatively correlated with moisture availability, lower soil gravel content, and higher soil silt fraction. We identified 94 putative causal loci and experimentally proved that GPAT6 is involved in C16 suberin biosynthesis. Highly significant associations between the putative genes and environmental variables were observed. Roots appear highly responsive to environmental heterogeneity via regulation of suberization, especially the suberin composition. The patterns of suberization-environment correlation and the suberin-related GEA fit the expectations of local adaptation for the polygenic suberization trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Huani Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Dylan K Kosma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Matthew A Jenks
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dauphin BG, Ranocha P, Dunand C, Burlat V. Cell-wall microdomain remodeling controls crucial developmental processes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1033-1048. [PMID: 35710764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls display cellular and subcellular specificities. At the subcellular level, wall regional territories with specific compositions are necessary for macroscopic developmental processes. These regional specificities were named differently throughout the years, and are unified here under the term 'cell-wall microdomains' that define the local composition and organization of wall polymers underlying territories of wall loosening and/or softening or stiffening. We review the occurrence and developmental role of wall microdomains in different cell types. We primarily focus on the contribution of two categories of wall-remodeling molecular actors: fine-tuning of homogalacturonan (HG; pectin) demethylesterification patterns and two classes of oxidoreductases [class III peroxidases (CIII PRXs) and laccases (LACs)], but we also highlight two different molecular scaffolds recently identified for positioning specific CIII PRXs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien G Dauphin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Philippe Ranocha
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu H, Liu P, Wang C, Wu S, Dong C, Lin Q, Sun W, Huang B, Xu M, Tauqeer A, Wu S. Transcriptional networks regulating suberin and lignin in endodermis link development and ABA response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1165-1181. [PMID: 35781829 PMCID: PMC9516719 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissues are surrounded by an apoplastic barrier formed by endodermis that is vital for selective absorption of water and nutrients. Lignification and suberization of endodermal cell walls are fundamental processes in establishing the apoplastic barrier. Endodermal suberization in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots is presumed to be the integration of developmental regulation and stress responses. In root endodermis, the suberization level is enhanced when the Casparian strip, the lignified structure, is defective. However, it is not entirely clear how lignification and suberization interplay and how they interact with stress signaling. Here, in Arabidopsis, we constructed a hierarchical network mediated by SHORT-ROOT (SHR), a master regulator of endodermal development, and identified 13 key MYB transcription factors (TFs) that form multiple sub-networks. Combined with functional analyses, we further uncovered MYB TFs that mediate feedback or feed-forward loops, thus balancing lignification and suberization in Arabidopsis roots. In addition, sub-networks comprising nine MYB TFs were identified that interact with abscisic acid signaling to integrate stress response and root development. Our data provide insights into the mechanisms that enhance plant adaptation to changing environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shasha Wu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qingyun Lin
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenru Sun
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Benben Huang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meizhi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Arfa Tauqeer
- College of Life Sciences, College of Horticulture, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cesarino I. With a little help from MYB friends: Transcriptional network controlling root suberization and lignification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1077-1079. [PMID: 35781733 PMCID: PMC9516726 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
|
50
|
Liu X, Wang P, An Y, Wang CM, Hao Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Wang P. Endodermal apoplastic barriers are linked to osmotic tolerance in meso-xerophytic grass Elymus sibiricus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007494. [PMID: 36212320 PMCID: PMC9539332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most serious adversity faced by agriculture and animal husbandry industries. One strategy that plants use to adapt to water deficits is modifying the root growth and architecture. Root endodermis has cell walls reinforced with apoplastic barriers formed by the Casparian strip (CS) and suberin lamellae (SL) deposits, regulates radial nutrient transport and protects the vascular cylinder from abiotic threats. Elymus sibiricus is an economically important meso-xerophytic forage grass, characterized by high nutritional quality and strong environmental adaptability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the drought tolerance of E. sibiricus genotypes and investigate the root structural adaptation mechanism of drought-tolerant genotypes' responding to drought. Specifically, a drought tolerant (DT) and drought sensitive (DS) genotype were screened out from 52 E. sibiricus genotypes. DT showed less apoplastic bypass flow of water and solutes than DS under control conditions, as determined with a hydraulic conductivity measurement system and an apoplastic fluorescent tracer, specifically PTS trisodium-8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid (PTS). In addition, DT accumulated less Na, Mg, Mn, and Zn and more Ni, Cu, and Al than DS, regardless of osmotic stress. Further study showed more suberin deposition in DT than in DS, which could be induced by osmotic stress in both. Accordingly, the CS and SL were deposited closer to the root tip in DT than in DS. However, osmotic stress induced their deposition closer to the root tips in DS, while likely increasing the thickness of the CS and SL in DT. The stronger and earlier formation of endodermal barriers may determine the radial transport pathways of water and solutes, and contribute to balance growth and drought response in E. sibiricus. These results could help us better understand how altered endodermal apoplastic barriers in roots regulate water and mineral nutrient transport in plants that have adapted to drought environments. Moreover, the current findings will aid in improving future breeding programs to develop drought-tolerant grass or crop cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongping An
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Hao
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|