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Ansari MM, Bisht N, Singh T, Chauhan PS. Symphony of survival: Insights into cross-talk mechanisms in plants, bacteria, and fungi for strengthening plant immune responses. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127762. [PMID: 38763015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants coexist with a diverse array of microorganisms, predominantly bacteria and fungi, in both natural and agricultural environments. While some microorganisms positively influence plant development and yield, others can cause harm to the host, leading to significant adverse impacts on the environment and the economy. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), including plant growth-promoting bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), and rhizobia, have been found to increase plant biomass production by synthesizing hormones, fixing nitrogen, and solubilizing phosphate and potassium. Numerous studies have contributed to unraveling the complex process of plant-microbe interactions in recent decades. In light of the increasing global challenges such as population growth, climate change, and resource scarcity, it has become imperative to explore the potential of plant-bacteria-fungi crosstalk in promoting sustainability. This review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps, providing a roadmap for future research in this dynamic field by synthesizing current knowledge and identifying emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mogees Ansari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nikita Bisht
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India
| | - Tanya Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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2
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Lombardo MF, Zhang Y, Xu J, Trivedi P, Zhang P, Riera N, Li L, Wang Y, Liu X, Fan G, Tang J, Coletta-Filho HD, Cubero J, Deng X, Ancona V, Lu Z, Zhong B, Roper MC, Capote N, Catara V, Pietersen G, Al-Sadi AM, Xu X, Wang J, Yang H, Jin T, Cirvilleri G, Wang N. Global citrus root microbiota unravels assembly cues and core members. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1405751. [PMID: 39132141 PMCID: PMC11310164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, and the root-associated microbiota can have a profound impact on tree health and growth. Methods In a collaborative effort, the International Citrus Microbiome Consortium investigated the global citrus root microbiota with samples collected from nine citrus-producing countries across six continents. We analyzed 16S rDNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing data to identify predominant prokaryotic and fungal taxa in citrus root samples. Comparative analyses were conducted between root-associated microbial communities and those from the corresponding rhizosphere and bulk soil samples. Additionally, genotype-based group-wise comparisons were performed to assess the impact of citrus genotype on root microbiota composition. Results Ten predominant prokaryotic phyla, containing nine bacterial phyla including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and one archaeal phylum (Thaumarchaeota), and multiple fungal phyla including Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified in the citrus root samples. Compared with the microbial communities from the corresponding rhizosphere and bulk soil samples from the same trees, the prokaryotic and fungal communities in the roots exhibited lower diversity and complexity but greater modularity compared to those in the rhizosphere. In total, 30 root-enriched and 150 root-depleted genera in bacterial community were identified, whereas 21 fungal genera were enriched, and 147 fungal genera were depleted in the root niche compared with the rhizosphere. The citrus genotype significantly affected the root prokaryotic and fungal communities. In addition, we have identified the core root prokaryotic genera comprising Acidibacter, Allorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Chitinophaga, Cupriavidus, Devosia, Dongia, Niastella, Pseudomonas, Sphingobium, Steroidobacter and Streptomyces, and the core fungal genera including Acrocalymma, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Mortierella, Neocosmospora and Volutella. The potential functions of these core genera of root microbiota were predicted. Conclusion Overall, this study provides new insights into the assembly of microbial communities and identifies core members of citrus root microbiota across a wide geographic range. The findings offer valuable information for manipulating root microbiota to enhance plant growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia F. Lombardo
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Nadia Riera
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Yayu Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Jiliang Tang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Helvécio D. Coletta-Filho
- Instituto Agronômico, IAC Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, CCSM, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Cubero
- Department of Plant Protection, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Veronica Ancona
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Balian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - M. Caroline Roper
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | | | - Vittoria Catara
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gerhard Pietersen
- Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Tao Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gabriella Cirvilleri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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3
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Wild AJ, Steiner FA, Kiene M, Tyborski N, Tung SY, Koehler T, Carminati A, Eder B, Groth J, Vahl WK, Wolfrum S, Lueders T, Laforsch C, Mueller CW, Vidal A, Pausch J. Unraveling root and rhizosphere traits in temperate maize landraces and modern cultivars: Implications for soil resource acquisition and drought adaptation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2526-2541. [PMID: 38515431 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A holistic understanding of plant strategies to acquire soil resources is pivotal in achieving sustainable food security. However, we lack knowledge about variety-specific root and rhizosphere traits for resource acquisition, their plasticity and adaptation to drought. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to phenotype root and rhizosphere traits (mean root diameter [Root D], specific root length [SRL], root tissue density, root nitrogen content, specific rhizosheath mass [SRM], arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] colonization) of 16 landraces and 22 modern cultivars of temperate maize (Zea mays L.). Our results demonstrate that landraces and modern cultivars diverge in their root and rhizosphere traits. Although landraces follow a 'do-it-yourself' strategy with high SRLs, modern cultivars exhibit an 'outsourcing' strategy with increased mean Root Ds and a tendency towards increased root colonization by AMF. We further identified that SRM indicates an 'outsourcing' strategy. Additionally, landraces were more drought-responsive compared to modern cultivars based on multitrait response indices. We suggest that breeding leads to distinct resource acquisition strategies between temperate maize varieties. Future breeding efforts should increasingly target root and rhizosphere economics, with SRM serving as a valuable proxy for identifying varieties employing an outsourcing resource acquisition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Wild
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Franziska A Steiner
- Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marvin Kiene
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tyborski
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shu-Yin Tung
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tina Koehler
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Eder
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Jennifer Groth
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Wouter K Vahl
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolfrum
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Chair of Soil Science, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alix Vidal
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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Tian L, Hao YM, Guo R, Guo HR, Cheng JF, Liu TR, Liu H, Lu G, Wang B. Two lysin motif extracellular (LysMe) proteins are deployed in rice to facilitate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:720-737. [PMID: 38812277 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
During arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, plant innate immunity is modulated to a prime state to allow for fungal colonization. The underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. In this study, two rice genes encoding LysM extracellular (LysMe) proteins were investigated. By obtaining OsLysMepro:GUS transgenic plants and generating oslysme1, oslysme2 and oslysme1oslysme2 mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, OsLysMe genes were revealed to be specifically induced in the arbusculated cells and mutations in either gene caused significantly reduced root colonization rate by AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Overexpression of OsLysMe1 or OsLysMe2 dramatically increased the colonization rates in rice and Medicago truncatula. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay supported that OsLysMe genes are regulated by OsWRI5a. Either OsLysMe1 or OsLysMe2 can efficiently rescue the impaired AM phenotype of the mtlysme2 mutant, supporting a conserved function of LysMe across monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The co-localization of OsLysMe proteins with the apoplast marker SP-OsRAmy3A implies their probable localization to the periarbuscular space (PAS) during symbiosis. Relative to the fungal biomass marker RiTEF, some defense-related genes showed disproportionately high expression levels in the oslysme mutants. These data support that rice plants deploy two OsLysMe proteins to facilitate AM symbiosis, likely by diminishing plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hao
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao-Ran Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Fei Cheng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tai-Rong Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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5
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Bennett GM, Kwak Y, Maynard R. Endosymbioses Have Shaped the Evolution of Biological Diversity and Complexity Time and Time Again. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae112. [PMID: 38813885 PMCID: PMC11154151 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Life on Earth comprises prokaryotes and a broad assemblage of endosymbioses. The pages of Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution have provided an essential window into how these endosymbiotic interactions have evolved and shaped biological diversity. Here, we provide a current perspective on this knowledge by drawing on decades of revelatory research published in Molecular Biology and Evolution and Genome Biology and Evolution, and insights from the field at large. The accumulated work illustrates how endosymbioses provide hosts with novel phenotypes that allow them to transition between adaptive landscapes to access environmental resources. Such endosymbiotic relationships have shaped and reshaped life on Earth. The early serial establishment of mitochondria and chloroplasts through endosymbioses permitted massive upscaling of cellular energetics, multicellularity, and terrestrial planetary greening. These endosymbioses are also the foundation upon which all later ones are built, including everything from land-plant endosymbioses with fungi and bacteria to nutritional endosymbioses found in invertebrate animals. Common evolutionary mechanisms have shaped this broad range of interactions. Endosymbionts generally experience adaptive and stochastic genome streamlining, the extent of which depends on several key factors (e.g. mode of transmission). Hosts, in contrast, adapt complex mechanisms of resource exchange, cellular integration and regulation, and genetic support mechanisms to prop up degraded symbionts. However, there are significant differences between endosymbiotic interactions not only in how partners have evolved with each other but also in the scope of their influence on biological diversity. These differences are important considerations for predicting how endosymbioses will persist and adapt to a changing planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon M Bennett
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- National Science Foundation Biological Integration Institute—INSITE, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Younghwan Kwak
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- National Science Foundation Biological Integration Institute—INSITE, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Reo Maynard
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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6
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Jarratt-Barnham E, Oldroyd GED, Choi J. Efficiently recording and processing data from arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization assays using AMScorer and AMReader. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1405598. [PMID: 38828215 PMCID: PMC11140075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1405598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi engage with land plants in a widespread, mutualistic endosymbiosis which provides their hosts with increased access to nutrients and enhanced biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The potential for reducing fertiliser use and improving crop resilience has resulted in rapidly increasing scientific interest. Microscopic quantification of the level of AM colonization is of fundamental importance to this research, however the methods for recording and processing these data are time-consuming and tedious. In order to streamline these processes, we have developed AMScorer, an easy-to-use Excel spreadsheet, which enables the user to record data rapidly during from microscopy-based assays, and instantly performs the subsequent data processing steps. In our hands, AMScorer has more than halved the time required for data collection compared to paper-based methods. Subsequently, we developed AMReader, a user-friendly R package, which enables easy visualization and statistical analyses of data from AMScorer. These tools require only limited skills in Excel and R, and can accelerate research into AM symbioses, help researchers with variable resources to conduct research, and facilitate the storage and sharing of data from AM colonization assays. They are available for download at https://github.com/EJarrattBarnham/AMReader, along with an extensive user manual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeongmin Choi
- *Correspondence: Edwin Jarratt-Barnham, ; Jeongmin Choi,
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7
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Nie X, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Bastías DA, Nan Z, Li C. Endophytes Alleviate Drought-Derived Oxidative Damage in Achnatherum inebrians Plants Through Increasing Antioxidants and Regulating Host Stress Responses. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:73. [PMID: 38758374 PMCID: PMC11101377 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Endophytes generally increase antioxidant contents of plants subjected to environmental stresses. However, the mechanisms by which endophytes alter the accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues are not entirely clear. We hypothesized that, in stress situations, endophytes would simultaneously reduce oxidative damage and increase antioxidant contents of plants and that the accumulation of antioxidants would be a consequence of the endophyte ability to regulate the expression of plant antioxidant genes. We investigated the effects of the fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis (C.J. Li & Nan) on oxidative damage, antioxidant contents, and expression of representative genes associated with antioxidant pathways in Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng plants subjected to low (15%) and high (60%) soil moisture conditions. Gene expression levels were measured using RNA-seq. As expected, the endophyte reduced the oxidative damage by 17.55% and increased the antioxidant contents by 53.14% (on average) in plants subjected to low soil moisture. In line with the accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues, the endophyte increased the expression of most plant genes associated with the biosynthesis of antioxidants (e.g., MIOX, crtB, gpx) while it reduced the expression of plant genes related to the metabolization of antioxidants (e.g., GST, PRODH, ALDH). Our findings suggest that endophyte ability of increasing antioxidant contents in plants may reduce the oxidative damage caused by stresses and that the fungal regulation of plant antioxidants would partly explain the accumulation of these compounds in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zhenrui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Daniel A Bastías
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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8
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Lekberg Y, Jansa J, McLeod M, DuPre ME, Holben WE, Johnson D, Koide RT, Shaw A, Zabinski C, Aldrich-Wolfe L. Carbon and phosphorus exchange rates in arbuscular mycorrhizas depend on environmental context and differ among co-occurring plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1576-1588. [PMID: 38173184 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) for carbon (C) exchange is the pivotal function of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), but how this exchange varies with soil P availability and among co-occurring plants in complex communities is still largely unknown. We collected intact plant communities in two regions differing c. 10-fold in labile inorganic P. After a 2-month glasshouse incubation, we measured 32P transfer from AM fungi (AMF) to shoots and 13C transfer from shoots to AMF using an AMF-specific fatty acid. AMF communities were assessed using molecular methods. AMF delivered a larger proportion of total shoot P in communities from high-P soils despite similar 13C allocation to AMF in roots and soil. Within communities, 13C concentration in AMF was consistently higher in grass than in blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh) roots, that is P appeared more costly for grasses. This coincided with differences in AMF taxa composition and a trend of more vesicles (storage structures) but fewer arbuscules (exchange structures) in grass roots. Additionally, 32P-for-13C exchange ratios increased with soil P for blanketflower but not grasses. Contrary to predictions, AMF transferred proportionally more P to plants in communities from high-P soils. However, the 32P-for-13C exchange differed among co-occurring plants, suggesting differential regulation of the AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - William E Holben
- Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Alanna Shaw
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Catherine Zabinski
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Laura Aldrich-Wolfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
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9
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Bas TG, Sáez ML, Sáez N. Sustainable Development versus Extractivist Deforestation in Tropical, Subtropical, and Boreal Forest Ecosystems: Repercussions and Controversies about the Mother Tree and the Mycorrhizal Network Hypothesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1231. [PMID: 38732447 PMCID: PMC11085170 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This research reviews the phenomenon of extractive deforestation as a possible trigger for cascade reactions that could affect part of the forest ecosystem and its biodiversity (surface, aerial, and underground) in tropical, subtropical, and boreal forests. The controversy and disparities in criteria generated in the international scientific community around the hypothesis of a possible link between "mother trees" and mycorrhizal networks in coopetition for nutrients, nitrogen, and carbon are analyzed. The objective is to promote awareness to generate more scientific knowledge about the eventual impacts of forest extraction. Public policies are emphasized as crucial mediators for balanced sustainable development. Currently, the effects of extractive deforestation on forest ecosystems are poorly understood, which requires caution and forest protection. Continued research to increase our knowledge in molecular biology is advocated to understand the adaptation of biological organisms to the new conditions of the ecosystem both in the face of extractive deforestation and reforestation. The environmental impacts of extractive deforestation, such as the loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, altered water cycles, and the contribution of climate change, remain largely unknown. Long-term and high-quality research is essential to ensure forest sustainability and the preservation of biodiversity for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gabriel Bas
- Escuela de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile;
| | - Mario Luis Sáez
- Facultad de Humanidades, La Serena University, Coquimbo 1700000, Chile;
| | - Nicolas Sáez
- Escuela de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile;
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10
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Peng Z, Zulfiqar T, Yang H, Wang M, Zhang F. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on photosynthetic characteristics of cotton seedlings under saline-alkali stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8633. [PMID: 38622240 PMCID: PMC11018861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to find the best Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) strain for cotton growth in Xinjiang's salinity and alkali conditions. Cotton (Xinluzao 45) was treated with Funneliformis mosseae (GM), Rhizophagus irregularis (GI), and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (GE) as treatments, while untreated cotton served as the control (CK). Salinity stress was applied post-3-leaf stage in cotton. The study analyzed cotton's reactions to diverse saline-alkali stresses, focusing on nutrient processes and metabolism. By analyzing the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of plants inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae to evaluate its salt tolerance. Saline-alkali stress reduced chlorophyll and hindered photosynthesis, hampering cotton growth. However, AMF inoculation mitigated these effects, enhancing photosynthetic rates, CO2 concentration, transpiration, energy use efficiency, and overall cotton growth under similar stress levels. GM and GE treatments yielded similar positive effects. AMF inoculation enhanced cotton plant height and biomass. In GM treatment, cotton exhibited notably higher root length than other treatments, showing superior growth under various conditions. In summary, GM-treated cotton had the highest infection rate, followed by GE-treated cotton, with GI-treated cotton having the lowest rate (GM averaging 0.95). Cotton inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum juvenile showed enhanced chlorophyll and photosynthetic levels, reducing salinity effects. Funneliformis mosseae had the most significant positive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Peng
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tayyaba Zulfiqar
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichang Yang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Sun T, Li G, Mazarji M, Delaplace P, Yang X, Zhang J, Pan J. Heavy metals drive microbial community assembly process in farmland with long-term biosolids application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133845. [PMID: 38401217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Biosolids are considered an alternative to chemical fertilizers due to their rich nutrients. However, long-term biosolids application can lead to heavy metals accumulation, which severely affects soil microbial community compositions. The factors influencing soil microbial community assembly were explored under a 16-year long-term experiment with biosolids applications. Our results indicated that biosolids application significantly increased fungal richness while not for bacterial and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal richness. Besides, biosolids application significantly affected soil bacterial, fungal compositions and AM fungal community. Soil microorganisms were clustered into different modules with bacterial and AM fungal communities were affected by both organic matter and heavy metals, while fungal communities were affected by heavy metals (Cr, Ni, and As). The soil bacterial community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes while the fungal and AM fungal community assemblies were mainly driven by deterministic processes. Random forest analysis showed that heavy metals were identified as major drivers (Hg, Cu, Cd, and Zn for bacteria, Pb and Cr for fungi, and As and Ni for AM fungi) of the community assembly process. Overall, our study highlights the significant role of heavy metals in shaping microbial community dynamics and gives a guide for controlling biosolids application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Belgium
| | - Guihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mahmoud Mazarji
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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Hyjazie BF, Sargent RD. Manipulation of soil mycorrhizal fungi influences floral traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:675-686. [PMID: 38403925 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Most plants form root hyphal relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These associations are known to positively impact plant biomass and competitive ability. However, less is known about how mycorrhizas impact other ecological interactions, such as those mediated by pollinators. We performed a meta-regression of studies that manipulated AMF and measured traits related to pollination, including floral display size, rewards, visitation, and reproduction, extracting 63 studies with 423 effects. On average, the presence of mycorrhizas was associated with positive effects on floral traits. Specifically, we found impacts of AMF on floral display size, pollinator visitation and reproduction, and a positive but nonsignificant impact on rewards. Studies manipulating mycorrhizas with fungicide tended to report contrasting results, possibly because fungicide destroys both beneficial and pathogenic microbes. Our study highlights the potential for relationships with mycorrhizal fungi to play an important, yet underrecognized role in plant-pollinator interactions. With heightened awareness of the need for a more sustainable agricultural industry, mycorrhizal fungi may offer the opportunity to reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers. At the same time, fungicides are now ubiquitous in agricultural systems. Our study demonstrates indirect ways in which plant-belowground fungal partnerships could manifest in plant-pollinator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoule F Hyjazie
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Risa D Sargent
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Zhu S, Zhao W, Sun S, Yang X, Mao H, Sheng L, Chen Z. Metagenomic analysis revealed N-metabolizing microbial response of Iris tectorum to Cr stress after colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116157. [PMID: 38430578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress and promote plant growth in contaminated soil. However, the interaction mechanism between rhizosphere microbial communities under chromium (Cr) stress remains unclear. This study conducted a greenhouse pot experiment and metagenomics analysis to reveal the comprehensive effects of the interaction between AMF (Rhizophagus intraradices) and nitrogen-N metabolizing plant growth promoters on the growth of Iris tectorum. The results showed that AMF significantly increased the biomass and nutrient levels of I. tectorum in contaminated soil and decreased the content of Cr in the soil. Metagenomics analysis revealed that the structure and composition of the rhizosphere microbial community involved in nitrogen metabolism changed significantly after inoculation with AMF under Cr stress. Functional genes related to soil nitrogen mineralization (gltB, gltD, gdhA, ureC, and glnA), nitrate reduction to ammonium (nirB, nrfA, and nasA), and soil nitrogen assimilation (NRT, nrtA, and nrtC) were up-regulated in the N-metabolizing microbial community. In contrast, the abundance of functional genes involved in denitrification (nirK and narI) was down-regulated. In addition, the inoculation of AMF regulates the synergies between the N-metabolic rhizosphere microbial communities and enhances the complexity and stability of the rhizosphere ecological network. This study provides a basis for improving plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by regulating the functional abundance of N-metabolizing plant growth-promoting bacteria through AMF inoculation. It helps to understand the potential mechanism of wetland plant remediation of Cr-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixi Zhu
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, China; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, China; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Suxia Sun
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, China; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, China; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huan Mao
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, China; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Luying Sheng
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, China; The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcka 129, Suchdol, Praha 16500, Czech Republic
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14
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Ji C, Ge Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xin Z, Li J, Zheng J, Liang Z, Cao H, Li K. Interactions between halotolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under saline stress. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1288865. [PMID: 38633693 PMCID: PMC11022851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1288865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Soil salinity negatively affects crop development. Halotolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria (HNFB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are essential microorganisms that enhance crop nutrient availability and salt tolerance in saline soils. Studying the impact of HNFB on AMF communities and using HNFB in biofertilizers can help in selecting the optimal HNFB-AMF combinations to improve crop productivity in saline soils. Methods We established three experimental groups comprising apple plants treated with low-nitrogen (0 mg N/kg, N0), normal-nitrogen (200 mg N/kg, N1), and high-nitrogen (300 mg N/kg, N2) fertilizer under salt stress without bacteria (CK, with the addition of 1,500 mL sterile water +2 g sterile diatomite), or with bacteria [BIO, with the addition of 1,500 mL sterile water +2 g mixed bacterial preparation (including Bacillus subtilis HG-15 and Bacillus velezensis JC-K3)]. Results HNFB inoculation significantly increased microbial biomass and the relative abundance of beta-glucosidase-related genes in the rhizosphere soil under identical nitrogen application levels (p < 0.05). High-nitrogen treatment significantly reduced AMF diversity and the relative abundance of beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and urea-related genes. A two-way analysis of variance showed that combined nitrogen application and HNFB treatment could significantly affect soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere AMF abundance (p < 0.05). Specifically, HNFB application resulted in a significantly higher relative abundance of Glomus-MO-G17-VTX00114 compared to that in the CK group at equal nitrogen levels. Conclusion The impact of HNFB on the AMF community in apple rhizospheres is influenced by soil nitrogen levels. The study reveals how varying nitrogen levels mediate the relationship between exogenous HNFB, soil properties, and rhizosphere microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuhan Ge
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhiwen Xin
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Jinghe Zheng
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Zengwen Liang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Kun Li
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Research Center for Forest Carbon Neutrality Engineering of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Security Control of the Lower Yellow River of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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15
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McLaughlin CM, Li M, Perryman M, Heymans A, Schneider H, Lasky JR, Sawers RJH. Evidence that variation in root anatomy contributes to local adaptation in Mexican native maize. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13673. [PMID: 38468714 PMCID: PMC10925829 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mexican native maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) is adapted to a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions. Here, we focus specifically on the potential role of root anatomical variation in this adaptation. Given the investment required to characterize root anatomy, we present a machine-learning approach using environmental descriptors to project trait variation from a relatively small training panel onto a larger panel of genotyped and georeferenced Mexican maize accessions. The resulting models defined potential biologically relevant clines across a complex environment that we used subsequently for genotype-environment association. We found evidence of systematic variation in maize root anatomy across Mexico, notably a prevalence of trait combinations favoring a reduction in axial hydraulic conductance in varieties sourced from cooler, drier highland areas. We discuss our results in the context of previously described water-banking strategies and present candidate genes that are associated with both root anatomical and environmental variation. Our strategy is a refinement of standard environmental genome-wide association analysis that is applicable whenever a training set of georeferenced phenotypic data is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloee M. McLaughlin
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Melanie Perryman
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Adrien Heymans
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
- Earth and Life InstituteUC LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Hannah Schneider
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Jesse R. Lasky
- Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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16
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Scheifes DJP, Te Beest M, Olde Venterink H, Jansen A, Kinsbergen DTP, Wassen MJ. The plant root economics space in relation to nutrient limitation in Eurasian herbaceous plant communities. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14402. [PMID: 38511333 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant species occupy distinct niches along a nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) gradient, yet there is no general framework for belowground nutrient acquisition traits in relation to N or P limitation. We retrieved several belowground traits from databases, placed them in the "root economics space" framework, and linked these to a dataset of 991 plots in Eurasian herbaceous plant communities, containing plant species composition, aboveground community biomass and tissue N and P concentrations. Our results support that under increasing N:P ratio, belowground nutrient acquisition strategies shift from "fast" to "slow" and from "do-it-yourself" to "outsourcing", with alternative "do-it-yourself" to "outsourcing" strategies at both ends of the spectrum. Species' mycorrhizal capacity patterns conflicted with root economics space predictions based on root diameter, suggesting evolutionary development of alternative strategies under P limitation. Further insight into belowground strategies along nutrient stoichiometry is crucial for understanding the high abundance of threatened plant species under P limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil J P Scheifes
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Te Beest
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | | | - André Jansen
- Jansen-de Hullu Landschapsecologie en Circulair, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan T P Kinsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wassen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Frew A, Öpik M, Oja J, Vahter T, Hiiesalu I, Aguilar-Trigueros CA. Herbivory-driven shifts in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly: increased fungal competition and plant phosphorus benefits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1891-1899. [PMID: 38084055 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frew
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Qld, Australia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi St 2, 504 09, Estonia
| | - Jane Oja
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi St 2, 504 09, Estonia
| | - Tanel Vahter
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi St 2, 504 09, Estonia
| | - Inga Hiiesalu
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi St 2, 504 09, Estonia
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylän yliopisto, Finland
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18
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Guan ZH, Cao Z, Li XG, Scholten T, Kühn P, Wang L, Yu RP, He JS. Soil phosphorus availability mediates the effects of nitrogen addition on community- and species-level phosphorus-acquisition strategies in alpine grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167630. [PMID: 37806588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants modulate their phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies (i.e., change in root morphology, exudate composition, and mycorrhizal symbiosis) to adapt to varying soil P availability. However, how community- and species-level P-acquisition strategies change in response to nitrogen (N) supply under different P levels remains unclear. To address this research gap, we conducted an 8-year fully factorial field experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) combined with a 12-week glasshouse experiment with four treatments (N addition, P addition, combined N and P addition, and control). In the field experiment (community-level), when P availability was low, N addition increased the release of carboxylate from roots and led to a higher percentage of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), along with decreased root length, specific root length (SRL), and total root length colonised by AMF. When P availability was higher, N addition resulted in an increase in the plant's demand for P, accompanied by an increase in root diameter and phosphatase activity. In the glasshouse experiment (species-level), the P-acquisition strategies of grasses and sedge in response to N addition alone mirrored those observed in the field, exhibiting a reduction in root length, SRL, and total root length colonised, but an increased percentage of AMF colonisation. Forbs responded to N addition alone with increased investment in all P-acquisition strategies, especially increased root biomass and length. P-acquisition strategies showed consistent changes among all species in response to combined N and P addition. Our results suggest that increased carboxylate release and AMF colonisation rate are common P-acquisition strategies of plants in alpine grasslands under N-induced P limitation. The main difference in P-acquisition strategies between forbs and grasses/sedges in response to N addition under low-P conditions was an increase in root biomass and length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Huan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zuonan Cao
- Department of Geosciences, Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Xiao Gang Li
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Thomas Scholten
- Department of Geosciences, Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Peter Kühn
- Department of Geosciences, Soil Science and Geomorphology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui-Peng Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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19
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Ju W, Fang L, Shen G, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Chen J, Zhou G, Ma D, Bing H, Liu L, Liu J, Jin X, Guo L, Tan W, Blagodatskaya E. New perspectives on microbiome and nutrient sequestration in soil aggregates during long-term grazing exclusion. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17027. [PMID: 37946660 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Grazing exclusion alters grassland soil aggregation, microbiome composition, and biogeochemical processes. However, the long-term effects of grazing exclusion on the microbial communities and nutrient dynamics within soil aggregates remain unclear. We conducted a 36-year exclusion experiment to investigate how grazing exclusion affects the soil microbial community and the associated soil functions within soil aggregates in a semiarid grassland. Long-term (36 years) grazing exclusion induced a shift in microbial communities, especially in the <2 mm aggregates, from high to low diversity compared to the grazing control. The reduced microbial diversity was accompanied by instability of fungal communities, extended distribution of fungal pathogens to >2 mm aggregates, and reduced carbon (C) sequestration potential thus revealing a negative impact of long-term GE. In contrast, 11-26 years of grazing exclusion greatly increased C sequestration and promoted nutrient cycling in soil aggregates and associated microbial functional genes. Moreover, the environmental characteristics of microhabitats (e.g., soil pH) altered the soil microbiome and strongly contributed to C sequestration. Our findings reveal new evidence from soil microbiology for optimizing grazing exclusion duration to maintain multiple belowground ecosystem functions, providing promising suggestions for climate-smart and resource-efficient grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoting Shen
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Guiyao Zhou
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistemico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ji Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
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20
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Xie W, Hao Z, Zhou J, Fu W, Guo L, Zhang X, Chen B. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal specific phenolic and flavonoid accumulation in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) induced by arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108173. [PMID: 37984021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can strengthen plant defense against abiotic stress, such as drought, through multiple mechanisms; however, the specialized chemical defenses induced by AM symbiosis are largely unknown. In a pot experiment, licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) inoculated with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Schenck & Smith were grown under well-watered or water deficit conditions. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were combined to investigate licorice root specialized metabolism induced by AM symbiosis under drought stress. Results showed that mycorrhizal plants had few dead leaves, less biomass reduction, and less differentially expressed genes and metabolite features in response to drought compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that mycorrhizal roots generally accumulated lignin regardless of the water regime; however, the expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis was significantly downregulated by drought stress in mycorrhizal plants. By contrast, AM inoculation significantly decreased specialized metabolites accumulation, including phenolics and flavonoids under well-watered conditions, whereas these decreases turned to be nonsignificant under drought stress. Moreover, these specific phenolics and flavonoids showed significant drought-induced accumulation pattern in mycorrhizal roots. These results highlight that accumulation of specific root phenolics and flavonoids may support the drought tolerance of mycorrhizal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Chrono-Environment UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Liu Y, Cordero I, Bardgett RD. Defoliation and fertilisation differentially moderate root trait effects on soil abiotic and biotic properties. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2023; 111:2733-2749. [PMID: 38516387 PMCID: PMC10952586 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Root functional traits are known to influence soil properties that underpin ecosystem functioning. Yet few studies have explored how root traits simultaneously influence physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, or how these responses are modified by common grassland perturbations that shape roots, such as defoliation and fertilisation.Here, we explored how root traits of a wide range of grassland plant species with contrasting resource acquisition strategies (i.e. conservative vs. exploitative strategy plant species) respond to defoliation and fertilisation individually and in combination, and examined cascading impacts on a range of soil abiotic and biotic properties that underpin ecosystem functioning.We found that the amplitude of the response of root traits to defoliation and fertilisation varied among plant species, in most cases independently of plant resource acquisition strategies. However, the direction of the root trait responses (increase or decrease) to perturbations was consistent across all plant species, with defoliation and fertilisation exerting opposing effects on root traits. Specific root length increased relative to non-perturbed control in response to defoliation, while root biomass, root mass density, and root length density decreased. Fertilisation induced the opposite responses. We also found that both defoliation and fertilisation individually enhanced the role of root traits in regulating soil biotic and abiotic properties, especially soil aggregate stability. Synthesis: Our results indicate that defoliation and fertilisation, two common grassland perturbations, have contrasting impacts on root traits of grassland plant species, with direct and indirect short-term consequences for a wide range of soil abiotic and biotic properties that underpin ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Irene Cordero
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Community EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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22
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Fanfarillo E, Angiolini C, Tordoni E, Bacaro G, Bazzato E, Castaldini M, Cucu MA, Grattacaso M, Loppi S, Marignani M, Mocali S, Muggia L, Salerni E, Maccherini S. Arable plant communities as a surrogate of crop rhizosphere microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165141. [PMID: 37379915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbiota is a crucial component of agroecosystem biodiversity, enhancing plant growth and providing important services in agriculture. However, its characterization is demanding and relatively expensive. In this study, we evaluated whether arable plant communities can be used as a surrogate of bacterial and fungal communities of the rhizosphere of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), a traditional crop plant of central Italy. We sampled plant, bacterial, and fungal communities, i.e., the groups of such organisms co-existing in space and time, in 24 plots located in eight fields and four farms. At the plot level, no correlations in species richness emerged, while the composition of plant communities was correlated with that of both bacterial and fungal communities. As regards plants and bacteria, such correlation was mainly driven by similar responses to geographic and environmental factors, while fungal communities seemed to be correlated in species composition with both plants and bacteria due to biotic interactions. All the correlations in species composition were unaffected by the number of fertilizer and herbicide applications, i.e., agricultural intensity. Besides correlations, we detected a predictive relationship of plant community composition towards fungal community composition. Our results highlight the potential of arable plant communities to be used as a surrogate of crop rhizosphere microbial communities in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Fanfarillo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudia Angiolini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; BAT Center, Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Tordoni
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Giovanni Bacaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erika Bazzato
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria A Cucu
- CREA - Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; BAT Center, Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Marignani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mocali
- CREA - Research Center for Agriculture and Environment, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Muggia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Salerni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Maccherini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; BAT Center, Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, Naples, Italy
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23
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Qiao SA, Gao Z, Roth R. A perspective on cross-kingdom RNA interference in mutualistic symbioses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:68-79. [PMID: 37452489 PMCID: PMC10952549 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is arguably one of the more versatile mechanisms in cell biology, facilitating the fine regulation of gene expression and protection against mobile genomic elements, whilst also constituting a key aspect of induced plant immunity. More recently, the use of this mechanism to regulate gene expression in heterospecific partners - cross-kingdom RNAi (ckRNAi) - has been shown to form a critical part of bidirectional interactions between hosts and endosymbionts, regulating the interplay between microbial infection mechanisms and host immunity. Here, we review the current understanding of ckRNAi as it relates to interactions between plants and their pathogenic and mutualistic endosymbionts, with particular emphasis on evidence in support of ckRNAi in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena A Qiao
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Zongyu Gao
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ronelle Roth
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
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24
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Cheng Y, Rutten G, Liu X, Ma M, Song Z, Maaroufi NI, Zhou S. Host plant height explains the effect of nitrogen enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:399-411. [PMID: 37482960 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) enrichment is widely known to affect the root-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community in different ways, for example, via altering soil properties and/or shifting host plant functional structure. However, empirical knowledge of their relative importance is still lacking. Using a long-term N addition experiment, we measured the AMF community taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity at the single plant species (roots of 15 plant species) and plant community (mixed roots) levels. We also measured four functional traits of 35 common plant species along the N addition gradient. We found divergent responses of AMF diversity to N addition for host plants with different innate heights (i.e. plant natural height under unfertilized treatment). Furthermore, our data showed that species-specific responses of AMF diversity to N addition were negatively related to the change in maximum plant height. When scaling up to the community level, N addition affected AMF diversity mainly through increasing the maximum plant height, rather than altering soil properties. Our results highlight the importance of plant height in driving AMF community dynamics under N enrichment at both species and community levels, thus providing important implications for understanding the response of AMF diversity to anthropogenic N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Rutten
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Miaojun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems & College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Nadia I Maaroufi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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25
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Liu XR, Rong ZY, Tian X, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Zou YN, Wu QS. Mycorrhizal Fungal Effects on Plant Growth, Osmolytes, and CsHsp70s and CsPIPs Expression in Leaves of Cucumber under a Short-Term Heat Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2917. [PMID: 37631129 PMCID: PMC10458863 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance plant stress tolerance, but it is unclear whether AM fungi affect heat tolerance in cucumbers. This study aimed to analyze how an AM fungus, Diversispora versiformis, affected growth, chlorophyll, five osmolytes, and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene expression in cucumber leaves after a short-term (80 h) heat stress. Heat treatment significantly reduced root AM fungal colonization rate (0.26 folds). Heat treatment also distinctly suppressed plant height, stem diameter, and biomass, whereas AM fungal inoculation improved these growth variables as well as the chlorophyll index, with the benefit being more obvious under heat than under no-heat stress conditions. Heat treatment triggered differential changes in osmolytes (sucrose, fructose, and betaine) of inoculated and uninoculated cucumbers, whereas inoculation with AM fungus significantly raised leaf sucrose, fructose, glucose, betaine, and proline levels when compared to non-AM fungal inoculation. Heat treatment increased the expression of two (CsPIP1;6 and CsPIP2;1) of eight CsPIPs in inoculated and uninoculated plants, whereas AM fungal inoculation up-regulated the expression of CsPIP1;6, CsPIP2;1, and CsPIP2;6 under heat stress conditions. Hsp70s expressed differently in inoculated and uninoculated plants under heat versus no-heat stress, with 6 of 11 CsHsp70s down-regulated in inoculated plants. Under heat stress conditions, AM fungus only up-regulated CsHsp70-8 expression in 11 Hsp70s, while another eight CsHsp70s were down-regulated. Heat treatment and AM fungal inoculation both increased the expression of CsHsp70-8 and CsPIP1;6. It was concluded that AM fungus-inoculated cucumbers have high levels of growth, chlorophyll, and osmolytes under heat stress and do not require high CsPIPs and CsHsp70s expression to tolerate a short-term heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Zi-Yi Rong
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Xiao Tian
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
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26
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Groten K, Yon F, Baldwin IT. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the intraspecific competitive ability of plants under field and glasshouse conditions. PLANTA 2023; 258:60. [PMID: 37535207 PMCID: PMC10400695 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nicotiana attenuata's capacity to interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influences its intraspecific competitive ability under field and glasshouse conditions, but not its overall community productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can alter the nutrient status and growth of plants, and they can also affect plant-plant, plant-herbivore, and plant-pathogen interactions. These AM effects are rarely studied in populations under natural conditions due to the limitation of non-mycorrhizal controls. Here we used a genetic approach, establishing field and glasshouse communities of AM-harboring Nicotiana attenuata empty vector (EV) plants and isogenic plants silenced in calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase expression (irCCaMK), and unable to establish AM symbioses. Performance and growth were quantified in communities of the same (monocultures) or different genotypes (mixed cultures) and both field and glasshouse experiments returned similar responses. In mixed cultures, AM-harboring EV plants attained greater stalk lengths, shoot and root biomasses, clearly out-competing the AM fungal-deficient irCCaMK plants, while in monocultures, both genotypes grew similarly. Competitive ability was also reflected in reproductive traits: EV plants in mixed cultures outperformed irCCaMK plants. When grown in monocultures, the two genotypes did not differ in reproductive performance, though total leaf N and P contents were significantly lower independent of the community type. Plant productivity in terms of growth and seed production at the community level did not differ, while leaf nutrient content of phosphorus and nitrogen depended on the community type. We infer that AM symbioses drastically increase N. attenuata's competitive ability in mixed communities resulting in increased fitness for the individuals harboring AM without a net gain for the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Groten
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Felipe Yon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
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27
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You Y, Ray R, Halitschke R, Baldwin G, Baldwin IT. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-indicative blumenol-C-glucosides predict lipid accumulations and fitness in plants grown without competitors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2159-2174. [PMID: 36866959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxy- and carboxyblumenol C-glucosides specifically accumulate in roots and leaves of plants harboring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). To explore blumenol function in AMF relationships, we silenced an early key-gene in blumenol biosynthesis, CCD1 (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1), in the ecological model plant, Nicotiana attenuata, and analyzed whole-plant performance in comparison with control and CCaMK-silenced plants, unable to form AMF associations. Root blumenol accumulations reflected a plant's Darwinian fitness, as estimated by capsule production, and were positively correlated with AMF-specific lipid accumulations in roots, with relationships that changed as plants matured when grown without competitors. When grown with wild-type competitors, transformed plants with decreased photosynthetic capacity or increased carbon flux to roots had blumenol accumulations that predicted plant fitness and genotype trends in AMF-specific lipids, but had similar levels of AMF-specific lipids between competing plants, likely reflecting AMF-networks. We propose that when grown in isolation, blumenol accumulations reflect AMF-specific lipid allocations and plant fitness. When grown with competitors, blumenol accumulations predict fitness outcomes, but not the more complicated AMF-specific lipid accumulations. RNA-seq analysis provided candidates for the final biosynthetic steps of these AMF-indicative blumenol C-glucosides; abrogation of these steps will provide valuable tools for understanding blumenol function in this context-dependent mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong You
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Rishav Ray
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Gundega Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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28
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Topalović O, Geisen S. Nematodes as suppressors and facilitators of plant performance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2305-2312. [PMID: 37010088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant-nematode interactions are mainly considered from the negative aspect with a focus on plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which is justified considering the agronomic losses caused by PPNs. Despite the fact that PPNs are outnumbered by nonparasitic free-living nematodes (FLNs), the functional importance of FLNs, especially with regard to plant performance, remains largely unknown. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview and most recent insights into soil nematodes by showing direct and indirect links of both PPNs and FLNs with plant performance. We especially emphasize the knowledge gaps and potential of FLNs as important indirect players in driving plant performance such as stimulating the resistance to pests via improving the disease suppressive activity of the rhizobiome. Together, we present a holistic view of soil nematodes as positive and negative contributors to plant performance, accentuating the positive but underexplored role of FLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Topalović
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB, the Netherlands
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29
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Bento RA, de Novais CB, Saggin-Júnior OJ, de Oliveira LA, Sampaio PDTB. Pioneer Tree Bellucia imperialis (Melastomataceae) from Central Amazon with Seedlings Highly Dependent on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050540. [PMID: 37233251 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bellucia imperialis is one of the most abundant pioneer tree species in anthropized areas of the Central Amazon, and has ecological importance for the environmental resilience of phosphorus (P)-depleted areas. Thus, we investigated whether B. imperialis depends on symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to grow and establish under the edaphic stresses of low nutrient content and low surface moisture retention capacity of the substrate. We tried three AMF inoculation treatments: (1) CON-no mycorrhizae; (2) MIX-with AMF from pure collection cultures, and (3) NAT-with native AMF, combined with five doses of P via a nutrient solution. All CON treatment seedlings died without AMF, showing the high mycorrhizal dependence of B. imperialis. Increasing P doses significantly decreased the leaf area and shoot and root biomass growth for both the NAT and MIX treatments. Increasing P doses did not affect spore number or mycorrhizal colonization, but decreased the diversity of AMF communities. Some species of the AMF community showed plasticity, enabling them to withstand shortages of and excess P. B. imperialis was shown to be sensitive to excess P, promiscuous, dependent on AMF, and tolerant of scarce nutritional resources, highlighting the need to inoculate seedlings to reforest impacted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Aparecido Bento
- Postgraduate Program in Tropical Forest Sciences (PPG-CFT) at the National Research Institute of Amazonas (INPA), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Manaus 69086-475, Brazil
| | - Cândido Barreto de Novais
- Department of Soil at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Orivaldo José Saggin-Júnior
- Laboratory of Mycorrhiza of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Agrobiology, Seropédica 23891-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Ecology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms from the Amazon, Tropical Forestry of the National Research Institute of Amazonas (INPA), Manaus 69060-001, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio
- Laboratory of Ecology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms from the Amazon, Tropical Forestry of the National Research Institute of Amazonas (INPA), Manaus 69060-001, Brazil
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30
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Alsharmani AR, Solaiman ZM, Leopold M, Abbott LK, Mickan BS. Impacts of Rock Mineral and Traditional Phosphate Fertilizers on Mycorrhizal Communities in Pasture Plants. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041051. [PMID: 37110474 PMCID: PMC10142761 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive fertilizer use can constrain contributions from soil biological processes in pastures, including those associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We evaluated the effect of fertilizers of different P solubility on the colonization of the roots of two common pasture plants by a community of AM fungi in a pasture soil. The treatments were a rock mineral fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a microbial inoculant. Subterranean clover and annual ryegrass were grown in pots for 10 weeks. Both fertilizers reduced the proportion and length of roots colonized by naturally occurring AM fungi. However, by 10 weeks, there was a much greater length of mycorrhizal root for annual ryegrass than for subterranean clover. The relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi in the families Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae in roots was not affected by the form of fertilizer, but diversity indices of AM fungi in roots were altered. The chemical fertilizer had a greater negative effect on AM fungal diversity indices in the annual ryegrass roots compared with the subterranean clover roots. The reduction in OTU richness of AM fungi with fertilizer application corresponded with reduced soil pH. Differential effects of P fertilizers on naturally occurring AM fungi in this agricultural soil have the potential to influence the efficacy of P fertilizer use and dominance of plant species in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsharmani
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- College of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Zakaria M Solaiman
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matthias Leopold
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lynette K Abbott
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bede S Mickan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Zou G, Wu B, Chen B, Yang Y, Feng Y, Huang J, Liu Y, Murray PJ, Liu W. What Are the Effects of Moso Bamboo Expansion into Japanese Cedar on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Altering the Community Composition Rather than the Diversity. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020273. [PMID: 36836387 PMCID: PMC9967659 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The unbridled expansion of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) occurs throughout the world and has a series of consequences. However, the effect of bamboo expansion on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is still poorly understood. We assessed the changes in the AMF community during bamboo expansion into Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forests by analyzing AMF in three forest types-Japanese cedar (JC), bamboo-cedar mixed (BC) and moso bamboo (MB)-using 454 pyrosequencing technology. We found that the AMF community composition differed significantly among forest types. The relative abundance of Glomerales decreased from 74.0% in JC to 61.8% in BC and 42.5% in MB, whereas the relative abundance of Rhizophagus increased from 24.9% in JC to 35.9% in BC and 56.7% in MB. Further analysis showed that soil characteristics explained only 19.2% of the AMF community variation among forest types. Hence, vegetation is presumably the main driver of the alteration of the AMF community. The α diversity of AMF was similar between JC and MB, although it was higher in BC. Overall, this research sheds more light on AMF community dynamics during moso bamboo expansion. Our results highlight that the consequences of bamboo expansion in monoculture forests differ from those in mixed forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwu Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Positioning Observation Station of Forest Ecosystem in Lushan, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Binsheng Wu
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaying Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Administration of Lushan Natural Reserve, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Administration of Lushan Natural Reserve, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Positioning Observation Station of Forest Ecosystem in Lushan, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Philip J. Murray
- School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester GL7 6JS, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Positioning Observation Station of Forest Ecosystem in Lushan, Jiujiang 332000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18679156807
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Liu Y, Hu B, Chu C. Toward improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice: Utilization, coordination, and availability. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 71:102327. [PMID: 36525788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer drives crop productivity and underlies intensive agriculture, but overuse of fertilizers also causes detrimental effects to ecosystem. To cope with this challenge while meeting the ever-growing demand for food, it is critical and urgent to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. To date, numerous efforts have been made in developing strategies for NUE improvement with different disciplines. Given the intricate and interconnected route of N for delivering its effect, it is necessary to comprehensively understand various procedures and their interplays in determining NUE. In this review, we expand the scope of NUE improvement, not only the N utilization by plants, but also the N coordination with other resources as well as the N availability in the soil, which represent the major dimensions in manipulating NUE. Moreover, both agronomic practices and genetic improvement in facilitating NUE are also included and discussed. Lastly, we provide our perspective in improving the NUE in the future, particularly highlighting the integration of various agronomic and genetic approaches for NUE improvement underlying the sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Afshar AS, Abbaspour H. Mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviate salinity stress in pistachio plants by altering gene expression and antioxidant pathways. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:263-276. [PMID: 36875732 PMCID: PMC9981847 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how inoculation of salt-stressed Pistacia vera seedlings with Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), affects their biomass, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression. Pistachio seedlings (N:36) were randomly assigned to AMF inoculation and non-inoculation groups in a pot experiment with 9 replications. Each group was further divided and randomly assigned to two salinity treatments (0 and 300 mM NaCl). At the end of week 4, three pistachio plantlets were randomly selected from each group for Rhizophagus irregularis colonization inspection, physiological and biochemical assays, and biomass measurements. Salinity activated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in the pistachio plants were studied. The negative effects of salinity included reduced biomass and relative water content (RWC), increased O2 ·-, H2O2, MDA, and electrolytic leakage. Generally, Rhizophagus irregularis was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity in pistachio seedlings. AMF inoculation resulted in even further increases in the activities of SODs, POD, CAT, and GR enzymes, upregulating Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD, Mn-SOD, and GR genes expression in plants under salinity stress. Moreover, AMF significantly increased AsA, α-tocopherol, and carotenoids under both control and salinity conditions. The study concludes with a call for future research into the mechanisms of mycorrhiza-induced tolerance in plants under salinity stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Abbaspour
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ji C, Chen Z, Kong X, Xin Z, Sun F, Xing J, Li C, Li K, Liang Z, Cao H. Biocontrol and plant growth promotion by combined Bacillus spp. inoculation affecting pathogen and AMF communities in the wheat rhizosphere at low salt stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1043171. [PMID: 36570885 PMCID: PMC9773258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1043171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Applying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves the efficiency of soil-borne disease control and is considered a sustainable practice. However, the effect of PGPR on the fungal community, especially pathogenic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of a compound microbial agent (consisting of Bacillus subtilis HG-15 and Bacillus velezensis JC-K3) on the incidence and yield of wheat under low salt stress, as well as compared the diversity and community composition of the rhizosphere fungal and AMF communities of wheat in the CK (not inoculated bacterial agent) and BIO (inoculated with a bacterial agent) groups. Chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf water use efficiency (WUE L), grains per spike and wheat yield in the BIO group increased more than in the CK group. The number of diseased plants and disease incidence was observed to be reduced. The relative efficacy reached 79.80%. We classified 1007 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU) based on Miseq sequencing data: 11 phyla, 173 families, 319 genera, and 521 species. Fifty-four OTUs were classified from the AMF effective sequences, including 1 phylum, 3 families, 3 genera, and 17 species. The inoculation of bacterial agents reduced the relative abundance of pathogen genera such as Gibberella, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria in wheat rhizosphere. It increased the relative abundance of AMF species such as Glomus-group-B-Glomus-lamellosu-VTX00193, Glomus-viscosum-VTX00063, and Glomus-Glo2-VTX00280. In addition, pH, EC, exchangeable K, available N, total N, organic matter, and olsen P were the main driving forces for shaping wheat rhizosphere fungi. The pH value was positively correlated with the relative abundance of fungal communities in soil, especially Gibberella, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. In summary, inoculation with Bacillus subtilis HG-15 and Bacillus velezensis JC-K3 affected wheat yield, incidence, rhizosphere soil chemical properties, rhizosphere fungi, and AMF fungal diversity and community. The findings may provide a theoretical foundation and strain support for constructing efficient PGPR-community and clarifying its mechanism of pathogenic bacteria inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ji
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Yongsheng (Shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shandong Engineering Research Center, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Runxin Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Cooperative of Weifang Economic Development Zone, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhizhang Chen
- College of Foreign Languages, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xuehua Kong
- Weifang Hanting Vestibule School, Weifang Education Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwen Xin
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fujin Sun
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Runxin Fruit and Vegetable Cultivation Cooperative of Weifang Economic Development Zone, Weifang Agricultural Bureau, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiahao Xing
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, Shandong, China
- Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zengwen Liang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Yongsheng (Shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shandong Engineering Research Center, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Yongsheng (Shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shandong Engineering Research Center, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Bastías DA, Balestrini R, Pollmann S, Gundel PE. Environmental interference of plant-microbe interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3387-3398. [PMID: 36180415 PMCID: PMC9828629 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses can compromise the interactions of plants with beneficial microbes. In the present review, experimental results showing that stresses negatively affect the abundance and/or functionality of plant beneficial microbes are summarized. It is proposed that the environmental interference of these plant-microbe interactions is explained by the stress-mediated induction of plant signalling pathways associated with defence hormones and reactive oxygen species. These plant responses are recognized to regulate beneficial microbes within plants. The direct negative effect of stresses on microbes may also contribute to the environmental regulation of these plant mutualisms. It is also posited that, in stress situations, beneficial microbes harbour mechanisms that contribute to maintain the mutualistic associations. Beneficial microbes produce effector proteins and increase the antioxidant levels in plants that counteract the detrimental effects of plant stress responses on them. In addition, they deliver specific stress-protective mechanisms that assist to their plant hosts to mitigate the negative effects of stresses. Our study contributes to understanding how environmental stresses affect plant-microbe interactions and highlights why beneficial microbes can still deliver benefits to plants in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Bastías
- AgResearch LimitedGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA/CSIC)Campus de MontegancedoMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biotecnología‐Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro E. Gundel
- IFEVA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de AgronomíaBuenos AiresArgentina
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
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Zhou Y, Shi Z, Pang Q, Liang X, Li H, Sui X, Li C, Song F. Responses of Bacterial Community Structure, Diversity, and Chemical Properties in the Rhizosphere Soil on Fruiting-Body Formation of Suillus luteus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102059. [PMID: 36296335 PMCID: PMC9610959 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) play an important role in driving mycorrhizal formation. There are few reports on the relationship between bacteria and fruiting growths. Taking mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil from sporocarps of the S. luteus and non-mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil of the host plant (Larix gmelinii), we measured the bacterial community structure and diversity and chemical properties to clarify the effect of bacteria on fruiting-body formation. The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil (p < 0.05) than that in non-mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil. The relative abundance of Burkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil than in non-mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil. The soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), ammonium nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and the activity of catalase, urease, and phosphatase in mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in non-mycorrhizal rhizosphere soil. A redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that dominant bacteria are closely related to soil enzyme activity and physicochemical properties (p < 0.05). The boletus recruits a large number of bacteria around the plant roots that speed up nutrient transformation and increase the soil nutrient content, providing an important guarantee for mycelium culture and fruiting-body formation. These findings provide ideas for the nutritional supply of boletus sporocarps and lay the theoretical foundation for the efficient artificial cultivation of boletus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Jiaxiang Research Academy of Industrial Technology, Jining 272400, China
| | - Zhichao Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
| | - Qiliang Pang
- Heilongjiang Greater Hinggan Mountains Region Agriculture Forestry Research Institute, Gagdaqi 165100, China
| | - Xiufeng Liang
- Heilongjiang Greater Hinggan Mountains Region Agriculture Forestry Research Institute, Gagdaqi 165100, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Heilongjiang Greater Hinggan Mountains Region Agriculture Forestry Research Institute, Gagdaqi 165100, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Chongwei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Jiaxiang Research Academy of Industrial Technology, Jining 272400, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (F.S.)
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Zhang M, Liu S, Chen M, Chen J, Cao X, Xu G, Xing H, Li F, Shi Z. The below-ground carbon and nitrogen cycling patterns of different mycorrhizal forests on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14028. [PMID: 36124133 PMCID: PMC9482363 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi can form symbiotic associations with tree species, which not only play an important role in plant survival and growth, but also in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, the understanding of differences in soil C and N cycling patterns among forests with different mycorrhizal types is still incomplete. In order to determine the similarities and differences of soil C and N cycling patterns in different mycorrhizal forest types, three primary forests dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EcM), arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) trees respectively were studied on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Indicators associated with soil C and N cycling, including leaf litter quality, soil C and N contents, soil C and N fluxes, and soil microbial biomass C and N contents were measured in each mycorrhizal type forest. The results showed that leaf litter quality was significantly lower with high C:N ratio and lignin: N ratio in ErM forest than that in AM and EcM forests. Soil CO2 flux (508.25 ± 65.51 mg m-2 h-1) in AM forest was significantly higher than that in EcM forest (387.18 ± 56.19 mg m-2 h-1) and ErM forest (177.87 ± 58.40 mg m-2 h-1). Furthermore, soil inorganic N content was higher in the AM forest than that in EcM and ErM forests. Soil net N mineralization rate (-0.02 ± 0.03 mg kg-1 d-1) was lower in ErM forest than that in EcM and AM forests. We speculated that AM and EcM forests were relatively characterized by rapid soil C cycling comparing to ErM forest. The soil N cycling in EcM and ErM forests were lower, implying they were 'organic' N nutrition patterns, and the pattern in ErM forest was more obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongshuang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China,Miyaluo Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Lixian County, Sichuan, China,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Torino, Italy
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Wei B, Zhong L, Liu J, Zheng F, Jin Y, Xie Y, Lei Z, Shen G, Yu M. Differences in Density Dependence among Tree Mycorrhizal Types Affect Tree Species Diversity and Relative Growth Rates. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182340. [PMID: 36145742 PMCID: PMC9505969 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) may vary by tree mycorrhizal type. However, whether arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated tree species suffer from stronger CNDD than ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM)-associated tree species at different tree life stages, and whether EcM tree species can promote AM and ErM saplings and adults growth, remain to be studied. Based on the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest data in eastern China, the generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the effects of the conspecific density and heterospecific density grouped by symbiont mycorrhizal type on different tree life stages of different tree mycorrhizal types. The results showed that compared to other tree mycorrhizal types at the same growth stage, EcM saplings and AM adults experienced stronger CNDD. Heterospecific EcM density had a stronger positive effect on AM and ErM individuals. Species diversity and average relative growth rate (RGR) first increased and then decreased with increasing basal area (BA) ratios of EcM to AM tree species. These results suggested that the stronger CNDD of EcM saplings and AM adults favored local species diversity over other tree mycorrhizal types. The EcM tree species better facilitated the growth of AM and ErM tree species in the neighborhood, increasing the forest carbon sink rate. Interestingly, species diversity and average RGR decreased when EcM or AM tree species predominated. Therefore, our study highlights that manipulating the BA ratio of EcM to AM tree species will play a nonnegligible role in maintaining biodiversity and increasing forest carbon sink rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangdong Zheng
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Yi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development in Guizhou Province, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuchu Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zupei Lei
- Zhejiang Wuyanling National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Taishun 325500, China
| | - Guochun Shen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88206469
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Wang L, Tang Z. How do arbuscular mycorrhizas affect reproductive functional fitness of host plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975488. [PMID: 36072330 PMCID: PMC9441947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in soil may be directly or indirectly involved in the reproductive process of sexually reproducing plants (seed plants), and affect their reproductive fitness. However, it is not clear how underground AM symbiosis affects plant reproductive function. Here, we reviewed the studies on the effects of AM symbiosis on plant reproductive fitness including both male function (pollen) and female function (seed). AM symbiosis regulates the development and function of plant sexual organs by affecting the nutrient using strategy and participating in the formation of hormone networks and secondary compounds in host plants. The nutrient supply (especially phosphorus supply) of AM symbiosis may be the main factor affecting plant's reproductive function. Moreover, the changes in hormone levels and secondary metabolite content induced by AM symbiosis can also affect host plants reproductive fitness. These effects can occur in pollen formation and transport, pollen tube growth and seed production, and seedling performance. Finally, we discuss other possible effects of AM symbiosis on the male and female functional fitness, and suggest several additional factors that may be involved in the influence of AM symbiosis on the reproductive fitness of host plants. We believe that it is necessary to accurately identify and verify the mechanisms driving the changes of reproductive fitness of host plant in symbiotic networks in the future. A more thorough understanding of the mechanism of AM symbiosis on reproductive function will help to improve our understanding of AM fungus ecological roles and may provide references for improving the productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems.
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A Novel Bacillus safensis-Based Formulation along with Mycorrhiza Inoculation for Controlling Alternaria alternata and Simultaneously Improving Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Steviol Glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana under Field Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141857. [PMID: 35890492 PMCID: PMC9317049 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The excess use of chemicals by farmers in the agroecosystems degrades soil quality, disturbs soil ecology, and increases soil salinity and health hazards in humans. Stevia rebaudiana is an important medicinal and aromatic crop whose leaves contain steviol glycosides (SGs). The Bacillus safensis NAIMCC-B-02323 strain STJP from the rhizosphere of S. rebaudiana producing salicylic acid (16.80 µg/mL), chitinase (75.58 U/mL), β-1,3-glucanase (220.36 U/mL), and cellulase (170 U/mL) was taken as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The cell-free supernatant (CFS) from strain STJP showed significant biocontrol activity against Alternaria alternata (80%), suggesting the protective role of extracellular metabolite(s) against phytopathogens. Paneer whey-based bioformulation (P-WBF) was developed to exploit B. safensis STJP to enhance the growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties, stevioside content, and SGs biosynthesis in S. rebaudiana under an A. alternata-infested field. The combined treatment of P-WBF and mycorrhiza (Glomus fasciculatum ABTEC) significantly enhanced plant growth parameters after 90 days, in comparison with control. The symbiotic action (P-WBF and mycorrhiza) displayed much better results in terms of chlorophyll a and b (improved by 132.85% and 39.80%, respectively), protein (by 278.75%), flavonoid (by 86.99%), carbohydrate (by 103.84%), antioxidant (by 75.11%), and stevioside (by 120.62%) contents in plants as compared to the untreated set. Further, the augmentation of potassium (by 132.39%), phosphorous (by 94.22%), and zinc (by 111.11%) uptake in plant tissues and soil was also observed by the application of P-WBF and mycorrhiza. The expression of UGT74G1 and UGT85C2 genes related to SG biosynthesis was upregulated (2.7- and 3.2-fold, respectively) in plants treated with P-WBF and mycorrhiza as further confirmed by the accumulation of SGs. The results suggest that the application of P-WBF and mycorrhiza not only provides an ecofriendly and sustainable solution to improve stevioside content in S. rebaudiana by a nutrient-linked mechanism but also paves the way to enhanced production of stevioside.
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Guo X, Wang P, Wang X, Li Y, Ji B. Specific Plant Mycorrhizal Responses Are Linked to Mycorrhizal Fungal Species Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930069. [PMID: 35755699 PMCID: PMC9226604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plants span the continuum from mutualism to parasitism due to the plant-AMF specificity, which obscures the utilization of AMF in the restoration of degraded lands. Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum laeve, Caragana microphylla, and Poa annua are the most frequently used plants for revegetation in Kubuqi Desert, China, and the influence of AMF on their re-establishment remains to be explored further. Herein, using a greenhouse experiment, we tested the plant-AMF feedbacks between the four plant species and their conspecific or heterospecific AMF, retrieved from their rhizosphere in the Kubuqi Desert. AMF showed beneficial effects on plant growth for all these plant-AMF pairs. Generally, AMF increased the biomass of C. korshinskii, H. laeve, C. microphylla, and P. annua by 97.6, 50.6, 46.5, and 381.1%, respectively, relative to control. In addition, the AMF-plant specificity was detected. P. annua grew best, but C. microphylla grew worst with conspecific AMF communities. AMF community from P. annua showed the largest beneficial effect on all the plants (with biomass increased by 63.9-734.4%), while the AMF community from C. microphylla showed the least beneficial effect on all the plants (with biomass increased by 9.9-59.1%), except for P. annua (a 292.4% increase in biomass). The magnitude of AMF effects on plant growth was negatively correlated with the complexity of the corresponding AMF co-occurrence networks. Overall, this study suggests that AMF effects on plant growth vary due to plant-AMF specificity. We also observed the broad-spectrum benefits of the native AMF from P. annua, which indicates its potential utilization in the restoration of the desert vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Command Center for Integrated Natural Resource Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinjie Wang,
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Yaoming Li,
| | - Baoming Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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