1
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Goreke U, Gonzales A, Shipley B, Tincher M, Sharma O, Wulftange WJ, Man Y, An R, Hinczewski M, Gurkan UA. Motion blur microscopy: in vitro imaging of cell adhesion dynamics in whole blood flow. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7058. [PMID: 39152149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging and characterizing the dynamics of cellular adhesion in blood samples is of fundamental importance in understanding biological function. In vitro microscopy methods are widely used for this task but typically require diluting the blood with a buffer to allow for transmission of light. However, whole blood provides crucial signaling cues that influence adhesion dynamics, which means that conventional approaches lack the full physiological complexity of living microvasculature. We can reliably image cell interactions in microfluidic channels during whole blood flow by motion blur microscopy (MBM) in vitro and automate image analysis using machine learning. MBM provides a low cost, easy to implement alternative to intravital microscopy, for rapid data generation where understanding cell interactions, adhesion, and motility is crucial. MBM is generalizable to studies of various diseases, including cancer, blood disorders, thrombosis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as providing rich datasets for theoretical modeling of adhesion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Goreke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ayesha Gonzales
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brandon Shipley
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Madeleine Tincher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Oshin Sharma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William J Wulftange
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuncheng Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ran An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Hinczewski
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Bathrinarayanan PV, Hallam SM, Grover LM, Vigolo D, Simmons MJH. Microfluidics as a Powerful Tool to Investigate Microvascular Dysfunction in Trauma Conditions: A Review of the State-of-the-Art. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400037. [PMID: 39031943 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle trauma such as fracture or crush injury can result in a life-threatening condition called acute compartment syndrome (ACS), which involves elevated compartmental pressure within a closed osteo-fascial compartment, leading to collapse of the microvasculature and resulting in necrosis of the tissue due to ischemia. Diagnosis of ACS is complex and controversial due to the lack of standardized objective methods, which results in high rates of misdiagnosis/late diagnosis, leading to permanent neuro-muscular damage. ACS pathophysiology is poorly understood at a cellular level due to the lack of physiologically relevant models. In this context, microfluidics organ-on-chip systems (OOCs) provide an exciting opportunity to investigate the cellular mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction that leads to ACS. In this article, the state-of-the-art OOCs designs and strategies used to investigate microvasculature dysfunction mechanisms is reviewed. The differential effects of hemodynamic shear stress on endothelial cell characteristics such as morphology, permeability, and inflammation, all of which are altered during microvascular dysfunction is highlighted. The article then critically reviews the importance of microfluidics to investigate closely related microvascular pathologies that cause ACS. The article concludes by discussing potential biomarkers of ACS with a special emphasis on glycocalyx and providing a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vasanthi Bathrinarayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - S M Hallam
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
| | - L M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Vigolo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
- The University of Sydney, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - M J H Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
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3
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Ismayilzada N, Tarar C, Dabbagh SR, Tokyay BK, Dilmani SA, Sokullu E, Abaci HE, Tasoglu S. Skin-on-a-chip technologies towards clinical translation and commercialization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042001. [PMID: 38964314 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body which plays a critical role in thermoregulation, metabolism (e.g. synthesis of vitamin D), and protection of other organs from environmental threats, such as infections, microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation, and physical damage. Even though skin diseases are considered to be less fatal, the ubiquity of skin diseases and irritation caused by them highlights the importance of skin studies. Furthermore, skin is a promising means for transdermal drug delivery, which requires a thorough understanding of human skin structure. Current animal andin vitrotwo/three-dimensional skin models provide a platform for disease studies and drug testing, whereas they face challenges in the complete recapitulation of the dynamic and complex structure of actual skin tissue. One of the most effective methods for testing pharmaceuticals and modeling skin diseases are skin-on-a-chip (SoC) platforms. SoC technologies provide a non-invasive approach for examining 3D skin layers and artificially creating disease models in order to develop diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In addition, SoC models enable dynamic perfusion of culture medium with nutrients and facilitate the continuous removal of cellular waste to further mimic thein vivocondition. Here, the article reviews the most recent advances in the design and applications of SoC platforms for disease modeling as well as the analysis of drugs and cosmetics. By examining the contributions of different patents to the physiological relevance of skin models, the review underscores the significant shift towards more ethical and efficient alternatives to animal testing. Furthermore, it explores the market dynamics ofin vitroskin models and organ-on-a-chip platforms, discussing the impact of legislative changes and market demand on the development and adoption of these advanced research tools. This article also identifies the existing obstacles that hinder the advancement of SoC platforms, proposing directions for future improvements, particularly focusing on the journey towards clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Ismayilzada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tarar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | | | - Begüm Kübra Tokyay
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sara Asghari Dilmani
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Emel Sokullu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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4
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Cofiño-Fabres C, Boonen T, Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Rijpkema M, Blauw L, Rensen PCN, Schwach V, Ribeiro MC, Passier R. Micro-Engineered Heart Tissues On-Chip with Heterotypic Cell Composition Display Self-Organization and Improved Cardiac Function. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303664. [PMID: 38471185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models that recapitulate the structural organization and function of the human heart are highly needed for accurate disease modeling, more predictable drug screening, and safety pharmacology. Conventional 3D Engineered Heart Tissues (EHTs) lack heterotypic cell complexity and culture under flow, whereas microfluidic Heart-on-Chip (HoC) models in general lack the 3D configuration and accurate contractile readouts. In this study, an innovative and user-friendly HoC model is developed to overcome these limitations, by culturing human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial (ECs)- and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), together with human cardiac fibroblasts (FBs), underflow, leading to self-organized miniaturized micro-EHTs (µEHTs) with a CM-EC interface reminiscent of the physiological capillary lining. µEHTs cultured under flow display enhanced contractile performance and conduction velocity. In addition, the presence of the EC layer altered drug responses in µEHT contraction. This observation suggests a potential barrier-like function of ECs, which may affect the availability of drugs to the CMs. These cardiac models with increased physiological complexity, will pave the way to screen for therapeutic targets and predict drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Boonen
- River BioMedics B.V, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - José M Rivera-Arbeláez
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Minke Rijpkema
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Blauw
- River BioMedics B.V, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo C Ribeiro
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- River BioMedics B.V, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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5
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Doherty EL, Krohn G, Warren EC, Patton A, Whitworth CP, Rathod M, Biehl A, Aw WY, Freytes DO, Polacheck WJ. Human Cell-Derived Matrix Composite Hydrogels with Diverse Composition for Use in Vasculature-on-chip Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400192. [PMID: 38518808 PMCID: PMC11281875 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological and organ-on-chip platforms seek to address critical gaps in human disease models and drug development that underlie poor rates of clinical success for novel interventions. While the fabrication technology and model cells used to synthesize organs-on-chip have advanced considerably, most platforms rely on animal-derived or synthetic extracellular matrix as a cell substrate, limiting mimicry of human physiology and precluding use in modeling diseases in which matrix dynamics play a role in pathogenesis. Here, the development of human cell-derived matrix (hCDM) composite hydrogels for use in 3D microphysiologic models of the vasculature is reported. hCDM composite hydrogels are derived from human donor fibroblasts and maintain a complex milieu of basement membrane, proteoglycans, and nonfibrillar matrix components. The use of hCDM composite hydrogels as 2D and 3D cell culture substrates is demonstrated, and hCDM composite hydrogels are patterned to form engineered human microvessels. Interestingly, hCDM composite hydrogels are enriched in proteins associated with vascular morphogenesis as determined by mass spectrometry, and functional analysis demonstrates proangiogenic signatures in human endothelial cells cultured in these hydrogels. In conclusion, this study suggests that human donor-derived hCDM composite hydrogels could address technical gaps in human organs-on-chip development and serve as substrates to promote vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Doherty
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Grace Krohn
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Emily C Warren
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alexandra Patton
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Chloe P Whitworth
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, Carolina, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mitesh Rathod
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Andreea Biehl
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Wen Yih Aw
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Donald O Freytes
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - William J Polacheck
- The Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, 10010 Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, Carolina, NC 27599, USA
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6
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Nwokoye PN, Abilez OJ. Blood vessels in a dish: the evolution, challenges, and potential of vascularized tissues and organoids. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1336910. [PMID: 38938652 PMCID: PMC11210405 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1336910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular pathologies are prevalent in a broad spectrum of diseases, necessitating a deeper understanding of vascular biology, particularly in overcoming the oxygen and nutrient diffusion limit in tissue constructs. The evolution of vascularized tissues signifies a convergence of multiple scientific disciplines, encompassing the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into vascular cells, the development of advanced three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques, and the refinement of bioinks. These technologies are instrumental in creating intricate vascular networks essential for tissue viability, especially in thick, complex constructs. This review provides broad perspectives on the past, current state, and advancements in key areas, including the differentiation of hPSCs into specific vascular lineages, the potential and challenges of 3D bioprinting methods, and the role of innovative bioinks mimicking the native extracellular matrix. We also explore the integration of biophysical cues in vascularized tissues in vitro, highlighting their importance in stimulating vessel maturation and functionality. In this review, we aim to synthesize these diverse yet interconnected domains, offering a broad, multidisciplinary perspective on tissue vascularization. Advancements in this field will help address the global organ shortage and transform patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Nwokoye
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Oscar J. Abilez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Pediatric CT Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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7
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Rathod ML, Aw WY, Huang S, Lu J, Doherty EL, Whithworth CP, Xi G, Roy-Chaudhury P, Polacheck WJ. Donor-Derived Engineered Microvessels for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification of Patients with Kidney Failure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307901. [PMID: 38185718 PMCID: PMC11168887 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the cause of death in ≈50% of hemodialysis patients. Accumulation of uremic solutes in systemic circulation is thought to be a key driver of the endothelial dysfunction that underlies elevated cardiovascular events. A challenge in understanding the mechanisms relating chronic kidney disease to cardiovascular disease is the lack of in vitro models that allow screening of the effects of the uremic environment on the endothelium. Here, a method is described for microfabrication of human blood vessels from donor cells and perfused with donor serum. The resulting donor-derived microvessels are used to quantify vascular permeability, a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, in response to serum spiked with pathophysiological levels of indoxyl sulfate, and in response to serum from patients with chronic kidney disease and from uremic pigs. The uremic environment has pronounced effects on microvascular integrity as demonstrated by irregular cell-cell junctions and increased permeability in comparison to cell culture media and healthy serum. Moreover, the engineered microvessels demonstrate an increase in sensitivity compared to traditional 2D assays. Thus, the devices and the methods presented here have the potential to be utilized to risk stratify and to direct personalized treatments for patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh L. Rathod
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and
Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Wen Yih Aw
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and
Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and
Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Jingming Lu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and
Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Doherty
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and
Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Chloe P. Whithworth
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Gang Xi
- UNC Kidney Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- UNC Kidney Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, NC, United States of America
- WG (Bill Hefner) Salisbury VA Medical Center, United States
of America
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill and
Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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8
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Goreke U, Gonzales A, Shipley B, Tincher M, Sharma O, Wulftange W, Man Y, An R, Hinczewski M, Gurkan UA. Motion Blur Microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.08.561435. [PMID: 37873474 PMCID: PMC10592665 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.08.561435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Imaging and characterizing the dynamics of cellular adhesion in blood samples is of fundamental importance in understanding biological function. In vitro microscopy methods are widely used for this task, but typically require diluting the blood with a buffer to allow for transmission of light. However whole blood provides crucial mechanical and chemical signaling cues that influence adhesion dynamics, which means that conventional approaches lack the full physiological complexity of living microvasculature. We propose to overcome this challenge by a new in vitro imaging method which we call motion blur microscopy (MBM). By decreasing the source light intensity and increasing the integration time during imaging, flowing cells are blurred, allowing us to identify adhered cells. Combined with an automated analysis using machine learning, we can for the first time reliably image cell interactions in microfluidic channels during whole blood flow. MBM provides a low cost, easy to implement alternative to intravital microscopy, the in vivo approach for studying how the whole blood environment shapes adhesion dynamics. We demonstrate the method's reproducibility and accuracy in two example systems where understanding cell interactions, adhesion, and motility is crucial-sickle red blood cells adhering to laminin, and CAR-T cells adhering to E-selectin. We illustrate the wide range of data types that can be extracted from this approach, including distributions of cell size and eccentricity, adhesion durations, trajectories and velocities of adhered cells moving on a functionalized surface, as well as correlations among these different features at the single cell level. In all cases MBM allows for rapid collection and processing of large data sets, ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands of individual adhesion events. The method is generalizable to study adhesion mechanisms in a variety of diseases, including cancer, blood disorders, thrombosis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as providing rich datasets for theoretical modeling of adhesion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Goreke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ayesha Gonzales
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brandon Shipley
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Madeleine Tincher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Oshin Sharma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - William Wulftange
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yuncheng Man
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ran An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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9
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Vo Q, Benam KH. Advancements in preclinical human-relevant modeling of pulmonary vasculature on-chip. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 195:106709. [PMID: 38246431 PMCID: PMC10939731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical human-relevant modeling of organ-specific vasculature offers a unique opportunity to recreate pathophysiological intercellular, tissue-tissue, and cell-matrix interactions for a broad range of applications. Lung vasculature is particularly important due to its involvement in genesis and progression of rare, debilitating disorders as well as common chronic pathologies. Here, we provide an overview of the latest advances in the development of pulmonary vascular (PV) models using emerging microfluidic tissue engineering technology Organs-on-Chips (so-called PV-Chips). We first review the currently reported PV-Chip systems and their key features, and then critically discuss their major limitations in reproducing in vivo-seen and disease-relevant cellularity, localization, and microstructure. We conclude by presenting latest efforts to overcome such technical and biological limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Vo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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10
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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Cardiovascular human organ-on-a-chip platform for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:512-523. [PMID: 37668192 PMCID: PMC11089005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices are composed of engineered or native functional tissues that are cultured under controlled microenvironments inside microchips. These systems employ microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques to recapitulate human physiology. This review focuses on human OoC systems to model cardiovascular diseases, to perform drug screening, and to advance personalized medicine. We also address the challenges in the generation of organ chips that can revolutionize the large-scale application of these systems for drug development and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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11
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Choi JS, Lee SH, Park HB, Chun C, Kim Y, Kim KH, Weon BM, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Lee JH. The deformation of cancer cells through narrow micropores holds the potential to regulate genes that impact cancer malignancy. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3628-3638. [PMID: 37448298 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Surgery, radiation, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are standard treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease poses challenges and continues to make it life-threatening. It is crucial to elucidate further the underlying signaling pathways to improve treatment efficacy. Our study established two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (TW-1 and TW-2) that were physically deformed using 3 μm pores to investigate the relationship between cancer cell deformation and metastasis within a heterogeneous population. The physical transformation of TW-1 and TW-2 cells significantly affected their growth and migration speed, as evidenced by wound healing assays for collective cell migration and microchannel assays for single-cell migration. We conducted bulk RNA sequencing to gain insights into the genes influenced by physical deformation. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of trametinib resistance on breast cancer cell metastasis by assessing cell viability and migration rates. Interestingly, TW-1 and TW-2 cells exhibited resistance to trametinib treatment. We observed a significant upregulation of GABRA-3, a protein commonly expressed in malignant breast cancer, and the critical transcription factor Myc in TW-1 and TW-2 cells compared to the control group (Ori). However, we did not observe a significant difference in Myc expression between TW-1 and TW-2 cells. In contrast, in the trametinib-resistant cell lines (TW-1-Tra and TW-2-Tra), we found increased expression of OCT4 and SOX2 rather than GABRA-3 or Myc. These findings highlight the differential expression patterns of these genes in our study, suggesting their potential role in cancer cell deformation and drug resistance. Our study presents a potential in vitro model for metastatic and drug-resistant breast cancer cells. By investigating the correlation between cancer cell deformation and metastasis, we contribute to understanding breast cancer heterogeneity and lay the groundwork for developing improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Budaedong 275, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31080, South Korea
| | - Su Han Lee
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), 350-27, Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, South Korea
| | - Hye Bin Park
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), 350-27, Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, South Korea
| | - Changho Chun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Byung Mook Weon
- Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Kim
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), 350-27, Gumidaero, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39253, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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12
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George A, Akbaridoust F, Zainal Abidin NA, Nesbitt WS, Marusic I. Characterisation of hydrodynamic trapping in microfluidic cross-slot devices for high strain rate applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2023. [PMID: 37305977 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic trapping of a particle or cluster of particles based on contact and non-contact approaches has brought prominent insights to micro-nano scale applications. Of the non-contact methods, image-based real-time control in cross-slot microfluidic devices is one of the most promising potential platform for single cellular assays. Here, we report results from experiments conducted in two cross-slot microfluidic channels of different widths, with varying real-time delay of the control algorithm and different magnification. Sustained trapping of 5 μm diameter particles was achieved with high strain rates, of order 102 s-1, higher than in any previous studies. Our experiments show that the maximum attainable strain rate is a function of the real-time delay of the control algorithm and the particle resolution (pixel/μm). Therefore, we anticipate that with further reduced time delays and enhanced particle resolution, considerably higher strain rates can be attained, opening the platform to single cellular assay studies where very high strain rates are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind George
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Farzan Akbaridoust
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Nurul A Zainal Abidin
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Warwick S Nesbitt
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ivan Marusic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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13
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Zeng Z, Christodoulides A, Alves NJ. Real-time tracking of fibrinolysis under constant wall shear and various pulsatile flows in an in-vitro thrombolysis model. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10511. [PMID: 37206217 PMCID: PMC10189439 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A great need exists for the development of a more representative in-vitro model to efficiently screen novel thrombolytic therapies. We herein report the design, validation, and characterization of a highly reproducible, physiological scale, flowing clot lysis platform with real-time fibrinolysis monitoring to screen thrombolytic drugs utilizing a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled clot analog. Using this Real-Time Fluorometric Flowing Fibrinolysis assay (RT-FluFF assay), a tPa-dependent degree of thrombolysis was observed both via clot mass loss as well as fluorometrically monitored release of FITC-labeled fibrin degradation products. Percent clot mass loss ranged from 33.6% to 85.9% with fluorescence release rates of 0.53 to 1.17 RFU/min in 40 and 1000 ng/mL tPa conditions, respectively. The platform is easily adapted to produce pulsatile flows. Hemodynamics of human main pulmonary artery were mimicked through matching dimensionless flow parameters calculated using clinical data. Increasing pressure amplitude range (4-40 mmHg) results in a 20% increase of fibrinolysis at 1000 ng/mL tPA. Increasing shear flow rate (205-913 s-1) significantly increases fibrinolysis and mechanical digestion. These findings suggest pulsatile level affects thrombolytic drug activities and the proposed in-vitro clot model offers a versatile testing platform for thrombolytic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Zeng
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Alexei Christodoulides
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Nathan J. Alves
- Department of Emergency MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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14
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Bogseth A, Ramirez A, Vaughan E, Maisel K. In Vitro Models of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels-Connecting Tissues and Immunity. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200041. [PMID: 35751460 PMCID: PMC9790046 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood and lymphatic vessels are regulators of physiological processes, including oxygenation and fluid transport. Both vessels are ubiquitous throughout the body and are critical for sustaining tissue homeostasis. The complexity of each vessel's processes has limited the understanding of exactly how the vessels maintain their functions. Both vessels have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer metastasis, and it is crucial to probe further specific mechanisms involved. In vitro models are developed to better understand blood and lymphatic physiological functions and their mechanisms. In this review, blood and lymphatic in vitro model systems, including 2D and 3D designs made using Transwells, microfluidic devices, organoid cultures, and various other methods, are described. Models studying endothelial cell-extracellular matrix interactions, endothelial barrier properties, transendothelial transport and cell migration, lymph/angiogenesis, vascular inflammation, and endothelial-cancer cell interactions are particularly focused. While the field has made significant progress in modeling and understanding lymphatic and blood vasculature, more models that include coculture of multiple cell types, complex extracellular matrix, and 3D morphologies, particularly for models mimicking disease states, will help further the understanding of the role of blood and lymphatic vasculature in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bogseth
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Ann Ramirez
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Erik Vaughan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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15
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Yue K, Yang C, You Y, Wang X, Zhang X. Experimental Investigation of Temperature Influence on Nanoparticle Adhesion in an Artificial Blood Vessel. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:425-436. [PMID: 36711003 PMCID: PMC9879045 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s397721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A good understanding of the adhesion behaviors of the nanocarriers in microvessels in chemo-hyperthermia synergistic therapy is conducive to nanocarrier design for targeted drug delivery. Methods In this study, we constructed an artificial blood vessel system using gelatins with a complete endothelial monolayer formed on the inner vessel wall. The numbers of adhered NPs under different conditions were measured, as well as the interaction forces between the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) ligands and endothelial cells. Results The experimental results on the adhesion of ligand-coated nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes and morphologies in the blood vessel verified that the gelatin-based artificial vessel possessed good cytocompatibility and mechanical properties, which are suitable for the investigation on NP adhesion characteristics in microvessels. When the temperature deviated from 37 °C, an increase or decrease in temperature resulted in a decrease in the number of adhered NPs, but the margination probability of NP adhesion increased at high temperatures due to the enhanced Brownian movement and flow disturbance. It is found that the effect of cooling was less than that of heating according to the observed changes in cell morphology and a decrease in cell activity under the static and perfusion culture conditions within the temperature range of 25 °C-43 °C. Furthermore, the measurement results of change in the RGD ligand-cell interaction with temperature showed good agreement with those in the number of adhered NPs. Conclusion The Findings suggest that designing ligands that can bind to the receptor and are least susceptible to temperature variation can be an effective means to enhance drug retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China,Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province, 528399, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Kai Yue, Email
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu You
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China,Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province, 528399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Ingavle G, Das M. Bench to Bedside: New Therapeutic Approaches with Extracellular Vesicles and Engineered Biomaterials for Targeting Therapeutic Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4673-4696. [PMID: 36194142 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has recently been the second leading cause of death worldwide, trailing only cardiovascular disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), represented as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are mainly liable for chemoresistance and disease relapse due to their self-renewal capability and differentiating capacity into different types of tumor cells. The intricate molecular mechanism is necessary to elucidate CSC's chemoresistance properties and cancer recurrence. Establishing efficient strategies for CSC maintenance and enrichment is essential to elucidate the mechanisms and properties of CSCs and CSC-related therapeutic measures. Current approaches are insufficient to mimic the in vivo chemical and physical conditions for the maintenance and growth of CSC and yield unreliable research results. Biomaterials are now widely used for simulating the bone marrow microenvironment. Biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) approaches for the enrichment of CSC provide an excellent promise for future drug discovery and elucidation of molecular mechanisms. In the future, the biomaterial-based model will contribute to a more operative and predictive CSC model for cancer therapy. Design strategies for materials, physicochemical cues, and morphology will offer a new direction for future modification and new methods for studying the CSC microenvironment and its chemoresistance property. This review highlights the critical roles of the microenvironmental cues that regulate CSC function and endow them with drug resistance properties. This review also explores the latest advancement and challenges in biomaterial-based scaffold structure for therapeutic approaches against CSC chemoresistance. Since the recent entry of extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived nanostructures, have opened new avenues of investigation into this field, which, together with other more conventionally studied signaling pathways, play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Thus, this review further explores the subject of EVs in-depth. This review also discusses possible future biomaterial and biomaterial-EV-based models that could be used to study the tumor microenvironment (TME) and will provide possible therapeutic approaches. Finally, this review concludes with potential perspectives and conclusions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR) and Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), SIU, Lavale, Pune 412115, India
| | - Madhurima Das
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR) and Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), SIU, Lavale, Pune 412115, India
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17
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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18
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Label-free multi-step microfluidic device for mechanical characterization of blood cells: Diabetes type II. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Malekpour A, Chen X. Printability and Cell Viability in Extrusion-Based Bioprinting from Experimental, Computational, and Machine Learning Views. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020040. [PMID: 35466222 PMCID: PMC9036289 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrusion bioprinting is an emerging technology to apply biomaterials precisely with living cells (referred to as bioink) layer by layer to create three-dimensional (3D) functional constructs for tissue engineering. Printability and cell viability are two critical issues in the extrusion bioprinting process; printability refers to the capacity to form and maintain reproducible 3D structure and cell viability characterizes the amount or percentage of survival cells during printing. Research reveals that both printability and cell viability can be affected by various parameters associated with the construct design, bioinks, and bioprinting process. This paper briefly reviews the literature with the aim to identify the affecting parameters and highlight the methods or strategies for rigorously determining or optimizing them for improved printability and cell viability. This paper presents the review and discussion mainly from experimental, computational, and machine learning (ML) views, given their promising in this field. It is envisioned that ML will be a powerful tool to advance bioprinting for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Malekpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (X.C.)
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20
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Zheng W, Xie R, Liang X, Liang Q. Fabrication of Biomaterials and Biostructures Based On Microfluidic Manipulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105867. [PMID: 35072338 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofabrication technologies are of importance for the construction of organ models and functional tissue replacements. Microfluidic manipulation, a promising biofabrication technique with micro-scale resolution, can not only help to realize the fabrication of specific microsized structures but also build biomimetic microenvironments for biofabricated tissues. Therefore, microfluidic manipulation has attracted attention from researchers in the manipulation of particles and cells, biochemical analysis, tissue engineering, disease diagnostics, and drug discovery. Herein, biofabrication based on microfluidic manipulation technology is reviewed. The application of microfluidic manipulation technology in the manufacturing of biomaterials and biostructures with different dimensions and the control of the microenvironment is summarized. Finally, current challenges are discussed and a prospect of microfluidic manipulation technology is given. The authors hope this review can provide an overview of microfluidic manipulation technologies used in biofabrication and thus steer the current efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruoxiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Hosseini M, Brown J, Shafiee A. Strategies to Induce Blood Vessel Ingrowth into Skin Grafts and Tissue-Engineered Substitutes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:113-126. [PMID: 35172639 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is a multilayer organ consisting of several tissues and appendages residing in a complex niche. Adequate and physiologically regulated vascularization is an absolute requirement for skin homeostasis, regeneration, and wound healing. The lack of vascular networks and ischemia results in delayed wound closure. In addition, vascularization is critical for the prolonged function and survival of skin grafts and tissue-engineered skin substitutes. This study highlights the clinical challenges associated with the limited vascularization in the cutaneous wounds. Then, we highlight the novel approaches for the development of vascular networks in the skin autografts, allografts, and artificial substitutes. Also, the future directions to overcome the existing vascularization complications in skin grafting and synthetic skin substitutes are presented. Statement of Significance Delayed closure of large dermal wounds, such as burn injuries, results from the lack of vascular networks and ischemia. The amount of blood supply in the skin graft is the primary factor determining the quality of the transplanted grafts. The current skin grafts and their fabrication methods lack the appropriate features that contribute to the vascularization and integration of the wound bed and graft and adherence to the skin layers. Therefore, the new generation of skin grafts should consider advanced technologies to induce vascularization and overcome current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason Brown
- Herston Biofabrication Institute and Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute and Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Bertassoni LE. Bioprinting of Complex Multicellular Organs with Advanced Functionality-Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101321. [PMID: 35060652 PMCID: PMC10171718 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting has emerged as one of the most promising strategies for fabrication of functional organs in the lab as an alternative to transplant organs. While progress in the field has mostly been restricted to a few miniaturized tissues with minimal biological functionality until a few years ago, recent progress has advanced the concept of building three-dimensional multicellular organ complexity remarkably. This review discusses a series of milestones that have paved the way for bioprinting of tissue constructs that have advanced levels of biological and architectural functionality. Critical materials, engineering and biological challenges that are key to addressing the desirable function of engineered organs are presented. These are discussed in light of the many difficulties to replicate the heterotypic organization of multicellular solid organs, the nanoscale precision of the extracellular microenvironment in hierarchical tissues, as well as the advantages and limitations of existing bioprinting methods to adequately overcome these barriers. In summary, the advances of the field toward realistic manufacturing of functional organs have never been so extensive, and this manuscript serves as a road map for some of the recent progress and the challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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23
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van Steen ACI, Kempers L, Schoppmeyer R, Blokker M, Beebe DJ, Nolte MA, van Buul JD. Transendothelial migration induces differential migration dynamics of leukocytes in tissue matrix. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272419. [PMID: 34622930 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte extravasation into inflamed tissue is a complex process that is difficult to capture as a whole in vitro. We employed a blood-vessel-on-a-chip model in which human endothelial cells were cultured in a tube-like lumen in a collagen-1 matrix. The vessels are leak tight, creating a barrier for molecules and leukocytes. Addition of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (also known as TNF) caused vasoconstriction, actin remodelling and upregulation of ICAM-1. Introducing leukocytes into the vessels allowed real-time visualization of all different steps of the leukocyte transmigration cascade, including migration into the extracellular matrix. Individual cell tracking over time distinguished striking differences in migratory behaviour between T-cells and neutrophils. Neutrophils cross the endothelial layer more efficiently than T-cells, but, upon entering the matrix, neutrophils display high speed but low persistence, whereas T-cells migrate with low speed and rather linear migration. In conclusion, 3D imaging in real time of leukocyte extravasation in a vessel-on-a-chip enables detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of different stages of the full leukocyte extravasation process in a single assay. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham C I van Steen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lanette Kempers
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rouven Schoppmeyer
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Blokker
- Department of Physics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Drive, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Martijn A Nolte
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Szklanny AA, Machour M, Redenski I, Chochola V, Goldfracht I, Kaplan B, Epshtein M, Simaan Yameen H, Merdler U, Feinberg A, Seliktar D, Korin N, Jaroš J, Levenberg S. 3D Bioprinting of Engineered Tissue Flaps with Hierarchical Vessel Networks (VesselNet) for Direct Host-To-Implant Perfusion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102661. [PMID: 34510579 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineering hierarchical vasculatures is critical for creating implantable functional thick tissues. Current approaches focus on fabricating mesoscale vessels for implantation or hierarchical microvascular in vitro models, but a combined approach is yet to be achieved to create engineered tissue flaps. Here, millimetric vessel-like scaffolds and 3D bioprinted vascularized tissues interconnect, creating fully engineered hierarchical vascular constructs for implantation. Endothelial and support cells spontaneously form microvascular networks in bioprinted tissues using a human collagen bioink. Sacrificial molds are used to create polymeric vessel-like scaffolds and endothelial cells seeded in their lumen form native-like endothelia. Assembling endothelialized scaffolds within vascularizing hydrogels incites the bioprinted vasculature and endothelium to cooperatively create vessels, enabling tissue perfusion through the scaffold lumen. Using a cuffing microsurgery approach, the engineered tissue is directly anastomosed with a rat femoral artery, promoting a rich host vasculature within the implanted tissue. After two weeks in vivo, contrast microcomputer tomography imaging and lectin perfusion of explanted engineered tissues verify the host ingrowth vasculature's functionality. Furthermore, the hierarchical vessel network (VesselNet) supports in vitro functionality of cardiomyocytes. Finally, the proposed approach is expanded to mimic complex structures with native-like millimetric vessels. This work presents a novel strategy aiming to create fully-engineered patient-specific thick tissue flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Szklanny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Majd Machour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Václav Chochola
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ben Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Mark Epshtein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Haneen Simaan Yameen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Uri Merdler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Adam Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Josef Jaroš
- Cell and Tissue Regeneration, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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Lust ST, Shanahan CM, Shipley RJ, Lamata P, Gentleman E. Design considerations for engineering 3D models to study vascular pathologies in vitro. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:114-128. [PMID: 33652164 PMCID: PMC7611653 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are driven by pathological remodelling of blood vessels, which can lead to aneurysms, myocardial infarction, ischaemia and strokes. Aberrant remodelling is driven by changes in vascular cell behaviours combined with degradation, modification, or abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The underlying mechanisms that drive the pathological remodelling of blood vessels are multifaceted and disease specific; however, unravelling them may be key to developing therapies. Reductionist models of blood vessels created in vitro that combine cells with biomaterial scaffolds may serve as useful analogues to study vascular disease progression in a controlled environment. This review presents the main considerations for developing such in vitro models. We discuss how the design of blood vessel models impacts experimental readouts, with a particular focus on the maintenance of normal cellular phenotypes, strategies that mimic normal cell-ECM interactions, and approaches that foster intercellular communication between vascular cell types. We also highlight how choice of biomaterials, cellular arrangements and the inclusion of mechanical stimulation using fluidic devices together impact the ability of blood vessel models to mimic in vivo conditions. In the future, by combining advances in materials science, cell biology, fluidics and modelling, it may be possible to create blood vessel models that are patient-specific and can be used to develop and test therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Simplified models of blood vessels created in vitro are powerful tools for studying cardiovascular diseases and understanding the mechanisms driving their progression. Here, we highlight the key structural and cellular components of effective models and discuss how including mechanical stimuli allows researchers to mimic native vessel behaviour in health and disease. We discuss the primary methods used to form blood vessel models and their limitations and conclude with an outlook on how blood vessel models that incorporate patient-specific cells and flows can be used in the future for personalised disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette T Lust
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Shipley
- Institute of Healthcare Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Lamata
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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26
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Akbari E, Spychalski GB, Menyhert MM, Rangharajan KK, Tinapple JW, Prakash S, Song JW. Endothelial barrier function is co-regulated at vessel bifurcations by fluid forces and sphingosine-1-phosphate. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 3:100020. [PMID: 35317095 PMCID: PMC8936769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid mediator of endothelial barrier function. Prior studies have implicated mechanical stimulation due to intravascular laminar shear stress in co-regulating S1P signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). Yet, vascular networks in vivo consist of vessel bifurcations, and this geometry generates hemodynamic forces at the bifurcation point distinct from laminar shear stress. However, the role of these forces at vessel bifurcations in regulating S1P-dependent endothelial barrier function is not known. In this study, we implemented a microfluidic platform that recapitulates the flow dynamics of vessel bifurcations with in situ quantification of the permeability of microvessel analogues. Co-application of S1P with impinging bifurcated fluid flow, which is characterized by approximately zero shear stress and 38 dyn•cm-2 stagnation pressure at the vessel bifurcation point, promotes vessel stabilization. Similarly, co-treatment of S1P with 3 dyn•cm-2 laminar shear stress is also protective of endothelial barrier function. Moreover, it is shown that vessel stabilization due to bifurcated fluid flow and laminar shear stress is dependent on S1P receptor 1 or 2 signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the endothelium-protective function of fluid forces at vessel bifurcations and their involvement in coordinating S1P-dependent regulation of vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Akbari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Griffin B. Spychalski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Miles M. Menyhert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Kaushik K. Rangharajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Joseph W. Tinapple
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
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27
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Vakilian S, Alam K, Al-Kindi J, Jamshidi-Adegani F, Rehman NU, Tavakoli R, Al-Riyami K, Hasan A, Zadjali F, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Hashmi S. An engineered microfluidic blood-brain barrier model to evaluate the anti-metastatic activity of β-boswellic acid. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100044. [PMID: 34313388 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of anti-cancer drugs with the ability to inhibit brain metastasis through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is substantially limited due to the lack of reliable in vitro models. MAIN METHODS In this study, the Geltrex-based Transwell and microfluidic BBB models were applied to screen the effect of β-boswellic acid (β-BA) on the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells through the BBB in static and dynamic conditions, respectively. MAJOR RESULTS The toxicity assay revealed that β-BA deteriorates MDA-MB-231 cells, while β-BA had no detectable toxic effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and astrocytes. Trans-endothelial electrical resistance evaluation showed sustainable barrier integrity upon treatment with β-BA. Vimentin expression in HUVECs, evaluated using western blot, confirmed superior barrier integrity in the presence of β-BA. The obtained results were confirmed using an invasion study with a cell tracker and a scanning electron microscope. β-BA significantly inhibited metastasis by 85%, while cisplatin (Cis), a positive control, inhibited cancer cell migration by 12% under static conditions. Upon applying a dynamic BBB model, it was revealed that β-BA-mediated metastasis inhibition was significantly higher than that mediated by Cis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In summary, the current study proved the anti-metastatic potential of β-BA in both static and dynamic BBB models. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT AND LAY SUMMARY The development of anti-cancer drugs with the ability to inhibit brain metastasis through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is substantially limited due to the lack of reliable in vitro models. In this study, the Geltrex-based Transwell and microfluidic BBB models were applied to screen the effect of β-boswellic acid (β-BA) on the metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells through the BBB in static and dynamic conditions, respectively. In summary, the current study proved the anti-metastatic potential of β-BA in both static and dynamic BBB models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Vakilian
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Khurshid Alam
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Juhaina Al-Kindi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Fatemeh Jamshidi-Adegani
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- Hepatites and HIV Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khamis Al-Riyami
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rene Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sulaiman Al-Hashmi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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28
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Abstract
Microengineering advances have enabled the development of perfusable, endothelialized models of the microvasculature that recapitulate the unique biological and biophysical conditions of the microcirculation in vivo. Indeed, at that size scale (<100 μm)-where blood no longer behaves as a simple continuum fluid; blood cells approximate the size of the vessels themselves; and complex interactions among blood cells, plasma molecules, and the endothelium constantly ensue-vascularized microfluidics are ideal tools to investigate these microvascular phenomena. Moreover, perfusable, endothelialized microfluidics offer unique opportunities for investigating microvascular diseases by enabling systematic dissection of both the blood and vascular components of the pathophysiology at hand. We review (a) the state of the art in microvascular devices and (b) the myriad of microvascular diseases and pressing challenges. The engineering community has unique opportunities to innovate with new microvascular devices and to partner with biomedical researchers to usher in a new era of understanding and discovery of microvascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Myers
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; ,
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA; ,
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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29
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Mandrycky CJ, Howard CC, Rayner SG, Shin YJ, Zheng Y. Organ-on-a-chip systems for vascular biology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:1-13. [PMID: 34118217 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms involve the miniaturization of cell culture systems and enable a variety of novel experimental approaches. These range from modeling the independent effects of biophysical forces on cells to screening novel drugs in multi-organ microphysiological systems, all within microscale devices. As in living systems, the incorporation of vascular structure is a key feature common to almost all organ-on-a-chip systems. In this review we highlight recent advances in organ-on-a-chip technologies with a focus on the vasculature. We first present the developmental process of the blood vessels through which vascular cells assemble into networks and remodel to form complex vascular beds under flow. We then review self-assembled vascular models and flow systems for the study of vascular development and biology as well as pre-patterned vascular models for the generation of perfusable microvessels for modeling vascular and tissue function. We finally conclude with a perspective on developing future OOC approaches for studying different aspects of vascular biology. We highlight the fit for purpose selection of OOC models towards either simple but powerful testbeds for therapeutic development, or complex vasculature to accurately replicate human physiology for specific disease modeling and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Mandrycky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Caitlin C Howard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Samuel G Rayner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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30
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Wasson EM, Dubbin K, Moya ML. Go with the flow: modeling unique biological flows in engineered in vitro platforms. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2095-2120. [PMID: 34008661 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interest in recapitulating in vivo phenomena in vitro using organ-on-a-chip technology has grown rapidly and with it, attention to the types of fluid flow experienced in the body has followed suit. These platforms offer distinct advantages over in vivo models with regards to human relevance, cost, and control of inputs (e.g., controlled manipulation of biomechanical cues from fluid perfusion). Given the critical role biophysical forces play in several tissues and organs, it is therefore imperative that engineered in vitro platforms capture the complex, unique flow profiles experienced in the body that are intimately tied with organ function. In this review, we outline the complex and unique flow regimes experienced by three different organ systems: blood vasculature, lymphatic vasculature, and the intestinal system. We highlight current state-of-the-art platforms that strive to replicate physiological flows within engineered tissues while introducing potential limitations in current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Wasson
- Material Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave L-222, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
| | - Karen Dubbin
- Material Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave L-222, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
| | - Monica L Moya
- Material Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave L-222, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
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31
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Hwang DG, Choi YM, Jang J. 3D Bioprinting-Based Vascularized Tissue Models Mimicking Tissue-Specific Architecture and Pathophysiology for in vitro Studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:685507. [PMID: 34136473 PMCID: PMC8201787 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.685507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of experimental models including 2D cell cultures, model organisms, and 3D in vitro models have been developed to understand pathophysiological phenomena and assess the safety and efficacy of potential therapeutics. In this sense, 3D in vitro models are an intermediate between 2D cell cultures and animal models, as they adequately reproduce 3D microenvironments and human physiology while also being controllable and reproducible. Particularly, recent advances in 3D in vitro biomimicry models, which can produce complex cell structures, shapes, and arrangements, can more similarly reflect in vivo conditions than 2D cell culture. Based on this, 3D bioprinting technology, which enables to place the desired materials in the desired locations, has been introduced to fabricate tissue models with high structural similarity to the native tissues. Therefore, this review discusses the recent developments in this field and the key features of various types of 3D-bioprinted tissues, particularly those associated with blood vessels or highly vascularized organs, such as the heart, liver, and kidney. Moreover, this review also summarizes the current state of the three categories: (1) chemical substance treatment, (2) 3D bioprinting of lesions, and (3) recapitulation of tumor microenvironments (TME) of 3D bioprinting-based disease models according to their disease modeling approach. Finally, we propose the future directions of 3D bioprinting approaches for the creation of more advanced in vitro biomimetic 3D tissues, as well as the translation of 3D bioprinted tissue models to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyu Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Mi Choi
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Inbody SC, Sinquefield BE, Lewis JP, Horton RE. Biomimetic microsystems for cardiovascular studies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C850-C872. [PMID: 33760660 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional tissue culture platforms have been around for several decades and have enabled key findings in the cardiovascular field. However, these platforms failed to recreate the mechanical and dynamic features found within the body. Organs-on-chips (OOCs) are cellularized microfluidic-based devices that can mimic the basic structure, function, and responses of organs. These systems have been successfully utilized in disease, development, and drug studies. OOCs are designed to recapitulate the mechanical, electrical, chemical, and structural features of the in vivo microenvironment. Here, we review cardiovascular-themed OOC studies, design considerations, and techniques used to generate these cellularized devices. Furthermore, we will highlight the advantages of OOC models over traditional cell culture vessels, discuss implementation challenges, and provide perspectives on the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby C Inbody
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bridgett E Sinquefield
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Renita E Horton
- Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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33
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Sigdel I, Gupta N, Faizee F, Khare VM, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. Biomimetic Microfluidic Platforms for the Assessment of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:633671. [PMID: 33777909 PMCID: PMC7992012 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.633671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Of around half a million women dying of breast cancer each year, more than 90% die due to metastasis. Models necessary to understand the metastatic process, particularly breast cancer cell extravasation and colonization, are currently limited and urgently needed to develop therapeutic interventions necessary to prevent breast cancer metastasis. Microfluidic approaches aim to reconstitute functional units of organs that cannot be modeled easily in traditional cell culture or animal studies by reproducing vascular networks and parenchyma on a chip in a three-dimensional, physiologically relevant in vitro system. In recent years, microfluidics models utilizing innovative biomaterials and micro-engineering technologies have shown great potential in our effort of mechanistic understanding of the breast cancer metastasis cascade by providing 3D constructs that can mimic in vivo cellular microenvironment and the ability to visualize and monitor cellular interactions in real-time. In this review, we will provide readers with a detailed discussion on the application of the most up-to-date, state-of-the-art microfluidics-based breast cancer models, with a special focus on their application in the engineering approaches to recapitulate the metastasis process, including invasion, intravasation, extravasation, breast cancer metastasis organotropism, and metastasis niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Sigdel
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Niraj Gupta
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Fairuz Faizee
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Vishwa M Khare
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yuan Tang
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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34
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Doherty EL, Aw WY, Hickey AJ, Polacheck WJ. Microfluidic and Organ-on-a-Chip Approaches to Investigate Cellular and Microenvironmental Contributions to Cardiovascular Function and Pathology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624435. [PMID: 33614613 PMCID: PMC7890362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in microfabrication and biomaterials have facilitated the development of microfluidic tissue and organ models to address challenges with conventional animal and cell culture systems. These systems have largely been developed for human disease modeling and preclinical drug development and have been increasingly used to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms, particularly in the cardiovascular system where the characteristic mechanics and architecture are difficult to recapitulate in traditional systems. Here, we review recent microfluidic approaches to model the cardiovascular system and novel insights provided by these systems. Key features of microfluidic approaches include the ability to pattern cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) at cellular length scales and the ability to use patient-derived cells. We focus the review on approaches that have leveraged these features to explore the relationship between genetic mutations and the microenvironment in cardiovascular disease progression. Additionally, we discuss limitations and benefits of the various approaches, and conclude by considering the role further advances in microfabrication technology and biochemistry techniques play in establishing microfluidic cardiovascular disease models as central tools for understanding biological mechanisms and for developing interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Doherty
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- University of North Carolina Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wen Yih Aw
- University of North Carolina Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Anthony J. Hickey
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- University of North Carolina Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- RTI International, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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35
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Ayuso JM, Park KY, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Beebe DJ. Toward improved in vitro models of human cancer. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:010902. [PMID: 33532672 PMCID: PMC7822630 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death across the world and continues to increase in incidence. Despite years of research, multiple tumors (e.g., glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer) still have limited treatment options in the clinic. Additionally, the attrition rate and cost of drug development have continued to increase. This trend is partly explained by the poor predictive power of traditional in vitro tools and animal models. Moreover, multiple studies have highlighted that cell culture in traditional Petri dishes commonly fail to predict drug sensitivity. Conversely, animal models present differences in tumor biology compared with human pathologies, explaining why promising therapies tested in animal models often fail when tested in humans. The surging complexity of patient management with the advent of cancer vaccines, immunotherapy, and precision medicine demands more robust and patient-specific tools to better inform our understanding and treatment of human cancer. Advances in stem cell biology, microfluidics, and cell culture have led to the development of sophisticated bioengineered microscale organotypic models (BMOMs) that could fill this gap. In this Perspective, we discuss the advantages and limitations of patient-specific BMOMs to improve our understanding of cancer and how these tools can help to confer insight into predicting patient response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keon-Young Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Boys AJ, Barron SL, Tilev D, Owens RM. Building Scaffolds for Tubular Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589960. [PMID: 33363127 PMCID: PMC7758256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow organs and tissue systems drive various functions in the body. Many of these hollow or tubular systems, such as vasculature, the intestines, and the trachea, are common targets for tissue engineering, given their relevance to numerous diseases and body functions. As the field of tissue engineering has developed, numerous benchtop models have been produced as platforms for basic science and drug testing. Production of tubular scaffolds for different tissue engineering applications possesses many commonalities, such as the necessity for producing an intact tubular opening and for formation of semi-permeable epithelia or endothelia. As such, the field has converged on a series of manufacturing techniques for producing these structures. In this review, we discuss some of the most common tissue engineered applications within the context of tubular tissues and the methods by which these structures can be produced. We provide an overview of the general structure and anatomy for these tissue systems along with a series of general design criteria for tubular tissue engineering. We categorize methods for manufacturing tubular scaffolds as follows: casting, electrospinning, rolling, 3D printing, and decellularization. We discuss state-of-the-art models within the context of vascular, intestinal, and tracheal tissue engineering. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the future for these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Boularaoui S, Al Hussein G, Khan KA, Christoforou N, Stefanini C. An overview of extrusion-based bioprinting with a focus on induced shear stress and its effect on cell viability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nie J, Fu J, He Y. Hydrogels: The Next Generation Body Materials for Microfluidic Chips? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003797. [PMID: 33103353 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The integration of microfluidics with biomedical research is confronted with considerable limitations due to its body materials. With high content of water, hydrogels own superior biocompatibility and degradability. Can hydrogels become another material choice for the construction of microfluidic chips, particularly biofluidics? The present review aims to systematically establish the concept of hydrogel-based microfluidic chips (HMCs) and address three main concerns: i) why choosing hydrogels? ii) how to fabricate HMCs?, and iii) in which fields to apply HMCs? It is envisioned that hydrogels may be used increasingly as substitute for traditional materials and gradually act as the body material for microfluidic chips. The modifications of conventional process are highlighted to overcome issues arising from the incompatibility between the construction methods and hydrogel materials. Specifically targeting at the "soft and wet" hydrogels, an efficient flowchart of "i) high resolution template printing; ii) damage-free demolding; iii) twice-crosslinking bonding" is proposed. Accordingly, a broader microfluidic chip concept is proposed in terms of form and function. Potential biomedical applications of HMCs are discussed. This review also highlights the challenges arising from the material replacement, as well as the future directions of the proposed concept. Finally, the authors' viewpoints and perspectives for this emerging field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Santamaría R, González-Álvarez M, Delgado R, Esteban S, Arroyo AG. Remodeling of the Microvasculature: May the Blood Flow Be With You. Front Physiol 2020; 11:586852. [PMID: 33178049 PMCID: PMC7593767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.586852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature ensures optimal delivery of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body, and to achieve this function it must continually adapt to varying tissue demands. Newly formed vascular plexuses during development are immature and require dynamic remodeling to generate well-patterned functional networks. This is achieved by remodeling of the capillaries preserving those which are functional and eliminating other ones. A balanced and dynamically regulated capillary remodeling will therefore ensure optimal distribution of blood and nutrients to the tissues. This is particularly important in pathological contexts in which deficient or excessive vascular remodeling may worsen tissue perfusion and hamper tissue repair. Blood flow is a major determinant of microvascular reshaping since capillaries are pruned when relatively less perfused and they split when exposed to high flow in order to shape the microvascular network for optimal tissue perfusion and oxygenation. The molecular machinery underlying blood flow sensing by endothelial cells is being deciphered, but much less is known about how this translates into endothelial cell responses as alignment, polarization and directed migration to drive capillary remodeling, particularly in vivo. Part of this knowledge is theoretical from computational models since blood flow hemodynamics are not easily recapitulated by in vitro or ex vivo approaches. Moreover, these events are difficult to visualize in vivo due to their infrequency and briefness. Studies had been limited to postnatal mouse retina and vascular beds in zebrafish but new tools as advanced microscopy and image analysis are strengthening our understanding of capillary remodeling. In this review we introduce the concept of remodeling of the microvasculature and its relevance in physiology and pathology. We summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms contributing to capillary regression and to capillary splitting highlighting the key role of blood flow to orchestrate these processes. Finally, we comment the potential and possibilities that microfluidics offers to this field. Since capillary remodeling mechanisms are often reactivated in prevalent pathologies as cancer and cardiovascular disease, all this knowledge could be eventually used to improve the functionality of capillary networks in diseased tissues and promote their repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santamaría
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Delgado
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esteban
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G. Arroyo
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060373. [PMID: 32512916 PMCID: PMC7354503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
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Griffith CM, Huang SA, Cho C, Khare TM, Rich M, Lee GH, Ligler FS, Diekman BO, Polacheck WJ. Microfluidics for the study of mechanotransduction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2020; 53:224004. [PMID: 33840837 PMCID: PMC8034607 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab78d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate a diverse set of biological processes at cellular, tissue, and organismal length scales. Investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the conversion of mechanical forces to biological responses is challenged by limitations of traditional animal models and in vitro cell culture, including poor control over applied force and highly artificial cell culture environments. Recent advances in fabrication methods and material processing have enabled the development of microfluidic platforms that provide precise control over the mechanical microenvironment of cultured cells. These devices and systems have proven to be powerful for uncovering and defining mechanisms of mechanotransduction. In this review, we first give an overview of the main mechanotransduction pathways that function at sites of cell adhesion, many of which have been investigated with microfluidics. We then discuss how distinct microfluidic fabrication methods can be harnessed to gain biological insight, with description of both monolithic and replica molding approaches. Finally, we present examples of how microfluidics can be used to apply both solid forces (substrate mechanics, strain, and compression) and fluid forces (luminal, interstitial) to cells. Throughout the review, we emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of different fabrication methods and applications of force in order to provide perspective to investigators looking to apply forces to cells in their own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Griffith
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Stephanie A Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Crescentia Cho
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Tanmay M Khare
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Matthew Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gi-Hun Lee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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van Dijk CGM, Brandt MM, Poulis N, Anten J, van der Moolen M, Kramer L, Homburg EFGA, Louzao-Martinez L, Pei J, Krebber MM, van Balkom BWM, de Graaf P, Duncker DJ, Verhaar MC, Luttge R, Cheng C. A new microfluidic model that allows monitoring of complex vascular structures and cell interactions in a 3D biological matrix. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1827-1844. [PMID: 32330215 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip designs are used to mimic human tissues, including the vasculature. Here we present a novel microfluidic device that allows the interaction of endothelial cells (ECs) with pericytes and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in full bio-matrix encased 3D vessel structures (neovessels) that can be subjected to continuous, unidirectional flow and perfusion with circulating immune cells. We designed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device with a reservoir for a 3D fibrinogen gel with pericytes. Open channels were created for ECs to form a monolayer. Controlled, continuous, and unidirectional flow was introduced via a pump system while the design facilitated 3D confocal imaging. In this vessel-on-a-chip system, ECs interact with pericytes to create a human cell derived blood vessel which maintains a perfusable lumen for up to 7 days. Dextran diffusion verified endothelial barrier function while demonstrating the beneficial role of supporting pericytes. Increased permeability after thrombin stimulation showed the capacity of the neovessels to show natural vascular response. Perfusion of neovessels with circulating THP-1 cells demonstrated this system as a valuable platform for assessing interaction between the endothelium and immune cells in response to TNFα. In conclusion: we created a novel vascular microfluidic device that facilitates the fabrication of an array of parallel soft-channel structures in ECM gel that develop into biologically functional neovessels without hard-scaffold support. This model provides a unique tool to conduct live in vitro imaging of the human vasculature during perfusion with circulating cells to mimic (disease) environments in a highly systematic but freely configurable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Luque‐González MA, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Caballero D. Human Microcirculation‐on‐Chip Models in Cancer Research: Key Integration of Lymphatic and Blood Vasculatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000045. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angélica Luque‐González
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui Luis Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Subhas Chandra Kundu
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - David Caballero
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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Recapitulating the Vasculature Using Organ-On-Chip Technology. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7010017. [PMID: 32085464 PMCID: PMC7175276 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Vasculature-on-Chip has progressed rapidly over the last decade and recently, a wealth of fabrication possibilities has emerged that can be used for engineering vessels on a chip. All these fabrication methods have their own advantages and disadvantages but, more importantly, the capability of recapitulating the in vivo vasculature differs greatly between them. The first part of this review discusses the biological background of the in vivo vasculature and all the associated processes. We then evaluate the biological relevance of different fabrication methods proposed for Vasculature-on-Chip, we indicate their possibilities and limitations, and we assess which fabrication methods are capable of recapitulating the intrinsic complexity of the vasculature. This review illustrates the complexity involved in developing in vitro vasculature and provides an overview of fabrication methods for Vasculature-on-Chip in relation to the biological relevance of such methods.
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Sala-Jarque J, Mesquida-Veny F, Badiola-Mateos M, Samitier J, Hervera A, del Río JA. Neuromuscular Activity Induces Paracrine Signaling and Triggers Axonal Regrowth after Injury in Microfluidic Lab-On-Chip Devices. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020302. [PMID: 32012727 PMCID: PMC7072511 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries, including motor neuron axonal injury, often lead to functional impairments. Current therapies are mostly limited to surgical intervention after lesion, yet these interventions have limited success in restoring functionality. Current activity-based therapies after axonal injuries are based on trial-error approaches in which the details of the underlying cellular and molecular processes are largely unknown. Here we show the effects of the modulation of both neuronal and muscular activity with optogenetic approaches to assess the regenerative capacity of cultured motor neuron (MN) after lesion in a compartmentalized microfluidic-assisted axotomy device. With increased neuronal activity, we observed an increase in the ratio of regrowing axons after injury in our peripheral-injury model. Moreover, increasing muscular activity induces the liberation of leukemia inhibitory factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in a paracrine fashion that in turn triggers axonal regrowth of lesioned MN in our 3D hydrogel cultures. The relevance of our findings as well as the novel approaches used in this study could be useful not only after axotomy events but also in diseases affecting MN survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sala-Jarque
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maider Badiola-Mateos
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBERBBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBERBBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (J.A.d.R.)
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.-J.); (F.M.-V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (J.A.d.R.)
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Aykar SS, Reynolds DE, McNamara MC, Hashemi NN. Manufacturing of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)-based hollow microvessels using microfluidics. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4095-4102. [PMID: 35492659 PMCID: PMC9049053 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10264g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and self-standing poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)-based hollow microvessels were fabricated from a microfluidic device using microfluidic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S. Aykar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | | | | | - Nicole N. Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
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3D Sugar Printing of Networks Mimicking the Vasculature. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010043. [PMID: 31905877 PMCID: PMC7019326 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature plays a central role as the highway of the body, through which nutrients and oxygen as well as biochemical factors and signals are distributed by blood flow. Therefore, understanding the flow and distribution of particles inside the vasculature is valuable both in healthy and disease-associated networks. By creating models that mimic the microvasculature fundamental knowledge can be obtained about these parameters. However, microfabrication of such models remains a challenging goal. In this paper we demonstrate a promising 3D sugar printing method that is capable of recapitulating the vascular network geometry with a vessel diameter range of 1 mm down to 150 µm. For this work a dedicated 3D printing setup was built that is capable of accurately printing the sugar glass material with control over fibre diameter and shape. By casting of printed sugar glass networks in PDMS and dissolving the sugar glass, perfusable networks with circular cross-sectional channels are obtained. Using particle image velocimetry, analysis of the flow behaviour was conducted showing a Poisseuille flow profile inside the network and validating the quality of the printing process.
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Jin S, Huang J, Chen X, Gu H, Li D, Zhang A, Liu X, Chen H. Nitric Oxide-Generating Antiplatelet Polyurethane Surfaces with Multiple Additional Biofunctions via Cyclodextrin-Based Host–Guest Interactions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:570-576. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Jin
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialei Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianshuang Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Gu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiyang Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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Devadas D, Moore TA, Walji N, Young EWK. A microfluidic mammary gland coculture model using parallel 3D lumens for studying epithelial-endothelial migration in breast cancer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:064122. [PMID: 31832120 PMCID: PMC6894982 DOI: 10.1063/1.5123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In breast cancer development, crosstalk between mammary epithelial cells and neighboring vascular endothelial cells is critical to understanding tumor progression and metastasis, but the mechanisms of this dynamic interplay are not fully understood. Current cell culture platforms do not accurately recapitulate the 3D luminal architecture of mammary gland elements. Here, we present the development of an accessible and scalable microfluidic coculture system that incorporates two parallel 3D luminal structures that mimic vascular endothelial and mammary epithelial cell layers, respectively. This parallel 3D lumen configuration allows investigation of endothelial-epithelial crosstalk and its effects of the comigration of endothelial and epithelial cells into microscale migration ports located between the parallel lumens. We describe the development and application of our platform, demonstrate generation of 3D luminal cell layers for endothelial cells and three different breast cancer cell lines, and quantify their migration profiles based on number of migrated cells, area coverage by migrated cells, and distance traveled by individual migrating cells into the migration ports. Our system enables analysis at the single-cell level, allows simultaneous monitoring of endothelial and epithelial cell migration within a 3D extracellular matrix, and has potential for applications in basic research on cellular crosstalk as well as drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Devadas
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | | | - Edmond W. K. Young
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 (416) 978-1521
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Duchamp M, Bakht SM, Ju J, Yazdi IK, Zhang W, Zhang YS. Perforated and Endothelialized Elastomeric Tubes for Vascular Modeling. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2019; 4:1800741. [PMID: 33072853 PMCID: PMC7566655 DOI: 10.1002/admt.201800741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of a tubular polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platform containing arrays of small pores on the wall for modeling blood vessels in vitro. The thin PDMS tubes are produced following our previously reported templating approach, while the pores are subsequently generated using focused laser ablation. As such, when these perforated PDMS tube are populated with a monolayer of endothelial cells on the interior surfaces and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like environment, the endothelial cells can sprout out from the tubes into the surrounding matrix through the open pores. When a pair of perforated PDMS tubes are placed in parallel in the matrix, formation of an interconnected network of microvasculature or larger vessels occurs, which is dependent on the flow dynamics within the PDMS tubes. Moreover, when co-cultured with tumor spheroids, the onset of tumor angiogenesis is observed. Our perforated and endothelialized PDMS tubes are believed to enable convenient vascular modeling in vitro and will likely contribute to improved biological studies as well as therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Duchamp
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Syeda Mahwish Bakht
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jie Ju
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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