1
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Grinberg M, Ilin N, Nemtsova Y, Sarafanov F, Ivanova A, Dolinin A, Pirogova P, Vodeneev V, Mareev E. Response of photosynthesis and electrical reactions of wheat plants upon the action of magnetic fields in the Schumann resonance frequency band. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2294425. [PMID: 38147417 PMCID: PMC10761032 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2294425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternating magnetic fields (MF) with Schumann resonance frequencies accompanied the development of living organisms throughout evolution, but today it remains unclear whether they can have a special biological effect in comparison with surrounding non-resonant frequencies. This work shows some stimulating effect of extremely low-frequency MFs on morphometric parameters and the activity of physiological processes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It is shown that the MF effect is more pronounced for transient processes - photosynthesis reactions and changes in electrical potential caused by turning on light. For light-induced electrical reactions, the dependence of the severity of the effect on the frequency of the applied MF was demonstrated. It is shown that the most pronounced effect occurs in the 14.3 Hz field, which corresponds to the second harmonic of the Schumann resonance. The predominant sensitivity of signal-regulatory systems gives reason to assume the influence of MFs with Schumann resonance frequencies on the interaction of plants with environmental factors under conditions of a changed electromagnetic environment. Such conditions can occur, for example, with an increase in lightning activity caused by climate change, which serves as the basis for the generation of Schumann resonances, and with the development of artificial ecosystems outside the Earth's atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grinberg
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Geophysical Research, Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nikolay Ilin
- Department of Geophysical Research, Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia Nemtsova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Fedor Sarafanov
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Geophysical Research, Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Angelina Ivanova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Dolinin
- Department of Geophysical Research, Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Polina Pirogova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Mareev
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Geophysical Research, Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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2
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Deviers J, Cailliez F, de la Lande A, Kattnig DR. Avian cryptochrome 4 binds superoxide. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 26:11-21. [PMID: 38204818 PMCID: PMC10776438 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavin-binding cryptochromes are blue-light sensitive photoreceptors that have been implicated with magnetoreception in some species. The photocycle involves an intra-protein photo-reduction of the flavin cofactor, generating a magnetosensitive radical pair, and its subsequent re-oxidation. Superoxide (O2 • - ) is generated in the re-oxidation with molecular oxygen. The resulting O2 • - -containing radical pairs have also been hypothesised to underpin various magnetosensitive traits, but due to fast spin relaxation when tumbling in solution would require immobilisation. We here describe our insights in the binding of superoxide to cryptochrome 4 from C. livia based on extensive all-atom molecular dynamics studies and density-functional theory calculations. The positively charged "crypt" region that leads to the flavin binding pocket transiently binds O2 • - at 5 flexible binding sites centred on arginine residues. Typical binding times amounted to tens of nanoseconds, but exceptional binding events extended to several hundreds of nanoseconds and slowed the rotational diffusion, thereby realising rotational correlation times as large as 1 ns. The binding sites are particularly efficient in scavenging superoxide escaping from a putative generation site close to the flavin-cofactor, possibly implying a functional relevance. We discuss our findings in view of a potential magnetosensitivity of biological flavin semiquinone/superoxide radical pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Deviers
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Cailliez
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aurélien de la Lande
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Daniel R. Kattnig
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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3
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Pažėra GJ, Fay TP, Solov'yov IA, Hore PJ, Gerhards L. Spin Dynamics of Radical Pairs Using the Stochastic Schrödinger Equation in MolSpin. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:8412-8421. [PMID: 39283312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The chemical reactivity of radical pairs is strongly influenced by the interactions of electronic and nuclear spins. A detailed understanding of these effects requires a quantum description of the spin dynamics that considers spin-dependent reaction rates, interactions with external magnetic fields, spin-spin interactions, and the loss of spin coherence caused by coupling to a fluctuating environment. Modeling real chemical and biochemical systems, which frequently involve radicals with multinuclear spin systems, poses a severe computational challenge. Here, we implement a method based on the stochastic Schrödinger equation in the software package MolSpin. Large electron-nuclear spin systems can be simulated efficiently, with asymmetric spin-selective recombination reactions, anisotropic hyperfine interactions, and nonzero exchange and dipolar couplings. Spin-relaxation can be modeled using the stochastic time-dependence of spin interactions determined by molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations or by allowing rate coefficients to be explicitly time-dependent. The flexibility afforded by this approach opens new avenues for exploring the effects of complex molecular motions on the spin dynamics of chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Jurgis Pažėra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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4
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Grüning G, Gerhards L, Wong SY, Kattnig DR, Solov'yov IA. The Effect of Spin Relaxation on Magnetic Compass Sensitivity in ErCry4a. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400129. [PMID: 38668824 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of thermal motion on the magnetic compass mechanism in migratory birds, focusing on the radical pair mechanism within cryptochrome photoreceptors. The coherence of radical pairs, crucial for magnetic field inference, is curbed by spin relaxation induced by intra-protein motion. Molecular dynamics simulations, density-functional-theory-based calculations, and spin dynamics calculations were employed, utilizing Bloch-Redfield-Wangsness (BRW) relaxation theory, to investigate compass sensitivity. Previous research hypothesized that European robin's cryptochrome 4a (ErCry4a) optimized intra-protein motion to minimize spin relaxation, enhancing magnetic sensing compared to the plant Arabidopsis thaliana's cryptochrome 1 (AtCry1). Different correlation times of the nuclear hyperfine coupling constants in AtCry1 and ErCry4a were indeed found, leading to distinct radical pair recombination yields in the two species, with ErCry4a showing optimized sensitivity. However, this optimization is likely negligible in realistic spin systems with numerous nuclear spins. Beyond insights in magnetic sensing, the study presents a detailed method employing molecular dynamics simulations to assess for spin relaxation effects on chemical reactions with realistically modelled protein motion, relevant for studying radical pair reactions at finite temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Grüning
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Siu Y Wong
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Daniel R Kattnig
- Department of Physics and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Völker LA, Herb K, Merchant DA, Bechelli L, Degen CL, Abendroth JM. Charge and Spin Dynamics and Destabilization of Shallow Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers under UV and Blue Excitation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:11895-11903. [PMID: 39265047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond offer opportunities to study photochemical reactions, including photogeneration of radical pairs, at the single-molecule regime. A prerequisite is a detailed understanding of charge and spin dynamics of NVs exposed to the short-wavelength light required to excite chemical species. Here, we investigate the charge and spin dynamics of shallow NVs under 445 and 375 nm illumination. With blue excitation, charge-state preparation is power-dependent, and modest spin initialization fidelity is observed. Under UV excitation, charge-state preparation is power-independent and no spin polarization is observed. Aging of NVs under prolonged UV exposure manifests in a reduced charge stability and spin contrast. We attribute this aging to modified local charge environments of near-surface NVs and identify distinct electronic traps only accessible at short wavelengths. Finally, we evaluate the prospects of NVs to probe photogenerated radical pairs based on measured sensitivities and outline possible sensing schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Völker
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Herb
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Darin A Merchant
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Bechelli
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John M Abendroth
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Zhou A, Sun Z, Sun L. Stable organic radical qubits and their applications in quantum information science. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100662. [PMID: 39091459 PMCID: PMC11292369 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The past century has witnessed the flourishing of organic radical chemistry. Stable organic radicals are highly valuable for quantum technologies thanks to their inherent room temperature quantum coherence, atomic-level designability, and fine tunability. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the potential of stable organic radicals as high-temperature qubits and explore their applications in quantum information science, which remain largely underexplored. Firstly, we summarize known spin dynamic properties of stable organic radicals and examine factors that influence their electron spin relaxation and decoherence times. This examination reveals their design principles and optimal operating conditions. We further discuss their integration in solid-state materials and surface structures, and present their state-of-the-art applications in quantum computing, quantum memory, and quantum sensing. Finally, we analyze the primary challenges associated with stable organic radical qubits and provide tentative insights to future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhecheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
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7
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Sessler JL. Achieving magnetic control of cellular events by introducing non-native radical pair formation. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae145. [PMID: 39144748 PMCID: PMC11321243 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
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8
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Hore PJ. Spin chemistry in living systems. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae126. [PMID: 39144744 PMCID: PMC11321246 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P J Hore
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, UK
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9
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Günther A, Haverkamp S, Irsen S, Watkins PV, Dedek K, Mouritsen H, Briggman KL. Species-specific circuitry of double cone photoreceptors in two avian retinas. Commun Biol 2024; 7:992. [PMID: 39143253 PMCID: PMC11325025 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In most avian retinas, double cones (consisting of a principal and accessory member) outnumber other photoreceptor types and have been associated with various functions, such as encoding luminance, sensing polarized light, and magnetoreception. However, their down-stream circuitry is poorly understood, particularly across bird species. Analysing species differences is important to understand changes in circuitry driven by ecological adaptations. We compare the ultrastructure of double cones and their postsynaptic bipolar cells between a night-migratory European robin and non-migratory chicken. We discover four previously unidentified bipolar cell types in the European robin retina, including midget-like bipolar cells mainly connected to one principal member. A downstream ganglion cell reveals a complete midget-like circuit similar to a circuit in the peripheral primate retina. Additionally, we identify a selective circuit transmitting information from a specific subset of accessory members. Our data highlight species-specific differences in double cone to bipolar cell connectivity, potentially reflecting ecological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Günther
- Department of Computational Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Silke Haverkamp
- Department of Computational Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Irsen
- Electron Microscopy and Analytics, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul V Watkins
- Department of Computational Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Dedek
- Animal Navigation/Neurosensorics Group, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Mouritsen
- Animal Navigation/Neurosensorics Group, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kevin L Briggman
- Department of Computational Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior-caesar, Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Chow SC, Zhang Y, Ng RWM, Hui SYR, Solov’yov IA, Lui WY. External RF-EMF alters cell number and ROS balance possibly via the regulation of NADPH metabolism and apoptosis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1425023. [PMID: 39185122 PMCID: PMC11341370 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1425023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of weak radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on living organisms raises new concern because of the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band at 6.78 MHz being promoted by the AirFuel Alliance for mid-range wireless power transfer (WPT) applications and product development. Human exposure to the RF-EMF radiation is unavoidable. In this study, we employed in vitro cell culture and molecular biology approach coupled with integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to uncover the effects of RF-EMF on cells at molecular and cellular levels. Our study has demonstrated that weak RF-EMF is sufficient to exert non-thermal effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure of weak RF-EMF promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and deregulates ROS balance. Alteration of several signaling pathways and key enzymes involved in NADPH metabolism, cell proliferation and ferroptosis were identified. Our current study provide solid evidence for the first time that the present safety standards that solely considered the thermal effect of RF-EMF on cell tissue are inadequate, prompt response and modification of existing Guidelines, Standards and Regulation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheung-Ching Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond W. M. Ng
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Yuen Ron Hui
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Arai S, Kobayashi R, Adachi M, Kimura K, Masai H. Possibility of two-dimensional ordering of cryptochrome 4a from European robin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 737:150513. [PMID: 39126860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochrome (Cry) in some species could act as a quantum senser to detect the inclination angle of geomagnetic field, the function of which attributes the magnetic sensitivity of spins of unpaired electrons in radical pair (RP) in CRY generated by blue light irradiation. However, the effect of blue light on the structure and molecular behavior of Cry has not been well investigated. We conducted the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses to inspect the molecular structure and behavior of cryptochrome 4a (ErCry4a) from European robin, a representative magnetosensory animal. The results indicated that ErCry4a could form flat-shape oligomers. Moreover, blue light irradiation induced the contraction of the ErCry4a molecule at the monomer scale and simultaneously accelerated the two-dimensional oligomerization of ErCry4a. This oligomerization may enhance the regularity of the two-dimensional arrangement of ErCry4a molecules, providing a positive effect for detecting the inclination angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Arai
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagwa, Inage-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Ryoma Kobayashi
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagwa, Inage-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Adachi
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagwa, Inage-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- Graduate School of Engineering Global College, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Masai
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan
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12
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Fuster MM. Integrating electromagnetic cancer stress with immunotherapy: a therapeutic paradigm. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1417621. [PMID: 39165679 PMCID: PMC11333800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1417621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
An array of published cell-based and small animal studies have demonstrated a variety of exposures of cancer cells or experimental carcinomas to electromagnetic (EM) wave platforms that are non-ionizing and non-thermal. Overall effects appear to be inhibitory, inducing cancer cell stress or death as well as inhibition in tumor growth in experimental models. A variety of physical input variables, including discrete frequencies, amplitudes, and exposure times, have been tested, but drawing methodologic rationale and mechanistic conclusions across studies is challenging. Nevertheless, outputs such as tumor cytotoxicity, apoptosis, tumor membrane electroporation and leak, and reactive oxygen species generation are intriguing. Early EM platforms in humans employ pulsed electric fields applied either externally or using interventional tumor contact to induce tumor cell electroporation with stromal, vascular, and immunologic sparing. It is also possible that direct or external exposures to non-thermal EM waves or pulsed magnetic fields may generate electromotive forces to engage with unique tumor cell properties, including tumor glycocalyx to induce carcinoma membrane disruption and stress, providing novel avenues to augment tumor antigen release, cross-presentation by tumor-resident immune cells, and anti-tumor immunity. Integration with existing checkpoint inhibitor strategies to boost immunotherapeutic effects in carcinomas may also emerge as a broadly effective strategy, but little has been considered or tested in this area. Unlike the use of chemo/radiation and/or targeted therapies in cancer, EM platforms may allow for the survival of tumor-associated immunologic cells, including naïve and sensitized anti-tumor T cells. Moreover, EM-induced cancer cell stress and apoptosis may potentiate endogenous tumor antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity. Clinical studies examining a few of these combined EM-platform approaches are in their infancy, and a greater thrust in research (including basic, clinical, and translational work) in understanding how EM platforms may integrate with immunotherapy will be critical in driving advances in cancer outcomes under this promising combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Fuster
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Division, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, United States
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13
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Chen C, Tamai TK, Xu M, Petrone L, Oliveri P, Whitmore D, Stanewsky R. Functional Analyses of Four Cryptochromes From Aquatic Organisms After Heterologous Expression in Drosophila melanogaster Circadian Clock Cells. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:365-378. [PMID: 38544471 PMCID: PMC11292970 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241228617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (Crys) represent a multi-facetted class of proteins closely associated with circadian clocks. They have been shown to function as photoreceptors but also to fulfill light-independent roles as transcriptional repressors within the negative feedback loop of the circadian clock. In addition, there is evidence for Crys being involved in light-dependent magneto-sensing, and regulation of neuronal activity in insects, adding to the functional diversity of this cryptic protein class. In mammals, Crys are essential components of the circadian clock, but their role in other vertebrates is less clear. In invertebrates, Crys can function as circadian photoreceptors, or as components of the circadian clock, while in some species, both light-receptive and clock factor roles coexist. In the current study, we investigate the function of Cry proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater teleost expressing 6 cry genes. Zebrafish peripheral circadian clocks are intrinsically light-sensitive, suggesting the involvement of Cry in light-resetting. Echinoderms (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) represent the only class of deuterostomes that possess an orthologue (SpuCry) of the light-sensitive Drosophila melanogaster Cry, which is an important component of the light-resetting pathway, but also works as transcriptional repressor in peripheral clocks of fruit flies. We therefore investigated the potential of different zebrafish cry genes and SpuCry to replace the light-resetting and repressor functions of Drosophila Cry by expressing them in fruit flies lacking endogenous cry function. Using various behavioral and molecular approaches, we show that most Cry proteins analyzed are able to fulfill circadian repressor functions in flies, except for one of the zebrafish Crys, encoded by cry4a. Cry4a also shows a tendency to support light-dependent Cry functions, indicating that it might act in the light-input pathway of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T. Katherine Tamai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Libero Petrone
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Whitmore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Ralf Stanewsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Neuro- and Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Karwinkel T, Peter A, Holland RA, Thorup K, Bairlein F, Schmaljohann H. A conceptual framework on the role of magnetic cues in songbird migration ecology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1576-1593. [PMID: 38629349 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Migrating animals perform astonishing seasonal movements by orienting and navigating over thousands of kilometres with great precision. Many migratory species use cues from the sun, stars, landmarks, olfaction and the Earth's magnetic field for this task. Among vertebrates, songbirds are the most studied taxon in magnetic-cue-related research. Despite multiple studies, we still lack a clear understanding of when, where and how magnetic cues affect the decision-making process of birds and hence, their realised migratory behaviour in the wild. This understanding is especially important to interpret the results of laboratory experiments in an ecologically appropriate way. In this review, we summarise the current findings about the role of magnetic cues for migratory decisions in songbirds. First, we review the methodological principles for orientation and navigation research, specifically by comparing experiments on caged birds with experiments on free-flying birds. While cage experiments can show the sensory abilities of birds, studies with free-flying birds can characterise the ecological roles of magnetic cues. Second, we review the migratory stages, from stopover to endurance flight, in which songbirds use magnetic cues for their migratory decisions and incorporate this into a novel conceptual framework. While we lack studies examining whether and when magnetic cues affect orientation or navigation decisions during flight, the role of magnetic cues during stopover is relatively well studied, but mostly in the laboratory. Notably, many such studies have produced contradictory results so that understanding the biological importance of magnetic cues for decisions in free-flying songbirds is not straightforward. One potential explanation is that reproducibility of magnetic-cue experiments is low, probably because variability in the behavioural responses of birds among experiments is high. We are convinced that parts of this variability can be explained by species-specific and context-dependent reactions of birds to the study conditions and by the bird's high flexibility in whether they include magnetic cues in a decision or not. Ultimately, this review should help researchers in the challenging field of magnetoreception to design experiments meticulously and interpret results of such studies carefully by considering the migration ecology of their focal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiemo Karwinkel
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Annika Peter
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Holland
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Kasper Thorup
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franz Bairlein
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany
| | - Heiko Schmaljohann
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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15
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Luo J, Benjamin P, Gerhards L, Hogben HJ, Hore PJ. Orientation of birds in radiofrequency fields in the absence of the Earth's magnetic field: a possible test for the radical pair mechanism of magnetoreception. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240133. [PMID: 39110232 PMCID: PMC11305414 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The magnetic compass sense of migratory songbirds is thought to derive from magnetically sensitive photochemical reactions in cryptochromes located in photoreceptor cells in the birds' retinas. More specifically, transient radical pairs formed by light-activation of these proteins have been proposed to account for the birds' ability to orient themselves using the Earth's magnetic field and for the observation that radiofrequency magnetic fields, superimposed on the Earth's magnetic field, can disrupt this ability. Here, by means of spin dynamics simulations, we show that it may be possible for the birds to orient in a monochromatic radiofrequency field in the absence of the Earth's magnetic field. If such a behavioural test were successful, it would provide powerful additional evidence for a radical pair mechanism of avian magnetoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiate Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Luca Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - P. J. Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Bindra JK, Malavath T, Teferi MY, Kretzschmar M, Kern J, Niklas J, Utschig LM, Poluektov OG. Light-Induced Charge Separation in Photosystem I from Different Biological Species Characterized by Multifrequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8188. [PMID: 39125759 PMCID: PMC11311511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) serves as a model system for studying fundamental processes such as electron transfer (ET) and energy conversion, which are not only central to photosynthesis but also have broader implications for bioenergy production and biomimetic device design. In this study, we employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to investigate key light-induced charge separation steps in PSI isolated from several green algal and cyanobacterial species. Following photoexcitation, rapid sequential ET occurs through either of two quasi-symmetric branches of donor/acceptor cofactors embedded within the protein core, termed the A and B branches. Using high-frequency (130 GHz) time-resolved EPR (TR-EPR) and deuteration techniques to enhance spectral resolution, we observed that at low temperatures prokaryotic PSI exhibits reversible ET in the A branch and irreversible ET in the B branch, while PSI from eukaryotic counterparts displays either reversible ET in both branches or exclusively in the B branch. Furthermore, we observed a notable correlation between low-temperature charge separation to the terminal [4Fe-4S] clusters of PSI, termed FA and FB, as reflected in the measured FA/FB ratio. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanistic diversity of PSI's ET across different species and underscore the importance of experimental design in resolving these differences. Though further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the evolutionary significance of these variations in PSI charge separation, this study sets the stage for future investigations into the complex interplay between protein structure, ET pathways, and the environmental adaptations of photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen K. Bindra
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Tirupathi Malavath
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Mandefro Y. Teferi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Moritz Kretzschmar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kern
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jens Niklas
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Lisa M. Utschig
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; (J.K.B.); (T.M.); (M.Y.T.); (J.N.)
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17
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Oh E, Krogmeier TJ, Schlimgen AW, Head-Marsden K. Singular Value Decomposition Quantum Algorithm for Quantum Biology. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:393-399. [PMID: 39069975 PMCID: PMC11274286 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.4c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
There has been a recent interest in quantum algorithms for the modeling and prediction of nonunitary quantum dynamics using current quantum computers. The field of quantum biology is one area where these algorithms could prove to be useful as biological systems are generally intractable to treat in their complete form but amenable to an open quantum systems approach. Here, we present the application of a recently developed singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm to two systems in quantum biology: excitonic energy transport through the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex and the radical pair mechanism for avian navigation. We demonstrate that the SVD algorithm is capable of capturing accurate short- and long-time dynamics for these systems through implementation on a quantum simulator and conclude that while the implementation of this algorithm is beyond the reach of current quantum computers, it has the potential to be an effective tool for the future study of systems relevant to quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily
K. Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 61630, United States
| | - Timothy J. Krogmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 61630, United States
| | - Anthony W. Schlimgen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 61630, United States
| | - Kade Head-Marsden
- Department of Chemistry, Washington
University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 61630, United States
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18
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Solov’yov AV, Verkhovtsev AV, Mason NJ, Amos RA, Bald I, Baldacchino G, Dromey B, Falk M, Fedor J, Gerhards L, Hausmann M, Hildenbrand G, Hrabovský M, Kadlec S, Kočišek J, Lépine F, Ming S, Nisbet A, Ricketts K, Sala L, Schlathölter T, Wheatley AEH, Solov’yov IA. Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8014-8129. [PMID: 38842266 PMCID: PMC11240271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This roadmap reviews the new, highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The Review highlights several recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field over the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation can be inorganic, organic, or biological, finite or infinite, composed of different molecular species or materials, exist in different phases, and operate under different thermodynamic conditions. Many of the key phenomena related to the behavior of irradiated systems are very similar and can be understood based on the same fundamental theoretical principles and computational approaches. The multiscale nature of such phenomena requires the quantitative description of the radiation-induced effects occurring at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic, and the interlinks between such descriptions. The multiscale nature of the effects and the similarity of their manifestation in systems of different origins necessarily bring together different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, nanoscience, and biomedical research, demonstrating the numerous interlinks and commonalities between them. This research field is highly relevant to many novel and emerging technologies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nigel J. Mason
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United
Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Amos
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gérard Baldacchino
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université,
CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brendan Dromey
- Centre
for Light Matter Interactions, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Falk
- Institute
of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Hildenbrand
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences
Aschaffenburg, Würzburger
Str. 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | | | - Stanislav Kadlec
- Eaton European
Innovation Center, Bořivojova
2380, 25263 Roztoky, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière
Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Siyi Ming
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Kate Ricketts
- Department
of Targeted Intervention, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Sala
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University
College Groningen, University of Groningen, Hoendiepskade 23/24, 9718 BG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E. H. Wheatley
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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19
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Frederiksen A, Gerhards L, Reinholdt P, Kongsted J, Solov’yov IA. Importance of Polarizable Embedding for Absorption Spectrum Calculations of Arabidopsis thaliana Cryptochrome 1. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6283-6290. [PMID: 38913544 PMCID: PMC11228989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are essential flavoproteins for circadian rhythms and avian magnetoreception. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), a chromophore within cryptochromes, absorbs blue light, initiating electron transfer processes that lead to a biological signaling cascade. A key step in this cascade is the formation of the FAD semiquinone radical (FADH•), characterized through a specific red-light absorption. The absorption spectra of FADH• in cryptochromes are, however, significantly different from those recorded for the cofactor in solution, primarily due to protein-induced shifts in the absorption peaks. This study employs a multiscale approach, combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methodologies, to investigate the influence of protein dynamics on embedded FADH• absorption. We emphasize the role of the protein's polarizable environment in the shaping of the absorption spectrum, crucial for accurate spectral predictions in cryptochromes. Our findings provide valuable insights into the absorption process, advancing our understanding of cryptochrome functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Frederiksen
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research
Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von
Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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20
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Mitra K, Adalder A, Mandal S, Ghorai UK. Enhancing Electrochemical Reactivity with Magnetic Fields: Unraveling the Role of Magneto-Electrochemistry. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301132. [PMID: 38221715 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis performs a vital role in numerous energy transformation and repository mechanics, including power cells, Electric field-assisted catalysis, and batteries. It is crucial to investigate new methods to improve electrocatalytic performance if effective and long-lasting power systems are developed. The modulation of catalytic activity and selectivity by external magnetic fields over electrochemical processes has received a lot of interest lately. How the use of various magnetic fields in electrocatalysis has great promise for building effective and selective catalysts, opening the door for the advancement of sophisticated energy conversion is discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and possibilities of incorporating magnetic fields into electrocatalytic systems and suggestions for future research areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mitra
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
| | - Ashadul Adalder
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Department of Physics, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
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21
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Iversen JN, Fröhlich J, Tai YK, Franco-Obregón A. Synergistic Cellular Responses Conferred by Concurrent Optical and Magnetic Stimulation Are Attenuated by Simultaneous Exposure to Streptomycin: An Antibiotic Dilemma. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:637. [PMID: 39061719 PMCID: PMC11274164 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Concurrent optical and magnetic stimulation (COMS) combines extremely low-frequency electromagnetic and light exposure for enhanced wound healing. We investigated the potential mechanistic synergism between the magnetic and light components of COMS by comparing their individual and combined cellular responses. Lone magnetic field exposure produced greater enhancements in cell proliferation than light alone, yet the combined effects of magnetic fields and light were supra-additive of the individual responses. Reactive oxygen species were incrementally reduced by exposure to light, magnetics fields, and their combination, wherein statistical significance was only achieved by the combined COMS modality. By contrast, ATP production was most greatly enhanced by magnetic exposure in combination with light, indicating that mitochondrial respiratory efficiency was improved by the combination of magnetic fields plus light. Protein expression pertaining to cell proliferation was preferentially enhanced by the COMS modality, as were the protein levels of the TRPC1 cation channel that had been previously implicated as part of a calcium-mitochondrial signaling axis invoked by electromagnetic exposure and necessary for proliferation. These results indicate that light facilitates functional synergism with magnetic fields that ultimately impinge on mitochondria-dependent developmental responses. Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) have been previously shown to inhibit TRPC1-mediated magnetotransduction, whereas their influence over photomodulation has not been explored. Streptomycin applied during exposure to light, magnetic fields, or COMS reduced their respective proliferation enhancements, whereas streptomycin added after the exposure did not. Magnetic field exposure and the COMS modality were capable of partially overcoming the antagonism of proliferation produced by streptomycin treatment, whereas light alone was not. The antagonism of photon-electromagnetic effects by streptomycin implicates TRPC1-mediated calcium entry in both magnetotransduction and photomodulation. Avoiding the prophylactic use of AGAs during COMS therapy will be crucial for maintaining clinical efficacy and is a common concern in most other electromagnetic regenerative paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nikolas Iversen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jürg Fröhlich
- Fields at Work GmbH, Hegibachstrasse 41, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Piomic Medical AG, Reitergasse 6, 8004 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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22
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Kretschmer K, Frederiksen A, Reinholdt P, Kongsted J, Solov’yov IA. Understanding the Red Shift in the Absorption Spectrum of the FAD Cofactor in ClCry4 Protein. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5320-5326. [PMID: 38805723 PMCID: PMC11163422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
It is still a puzzle that has not been entirely solved how migratory birds utilize the Earth's magnetic field for biannual migration. The most consistent explanation thus far is rooted in the modulation of the biological function of the cryptochrome 4 (Cry4) protein by an external magnetic field. This phenomenon is closely linked with the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor that is noncovalently bound in the protein. Cry4 is activated by blue light, which is absorbed by the FAD cofactor. Subsequent electron and proton transfers trigger radical pair formation in the protein, which is sensitive to the external magnetic field. An important long-lasting redox state of the FAD cofactor is the signaling (FADH•) state, which is present after the transient electron transfer steps have been completed. Recent experimental efforts succeeded in crystallizing the Cry4 protein from Columbia livia (ClCry4) with all of the important residues needed for protein photoreduction. This specific crystallization of Cry4 protein so far is the only avian cryptochrome crystal structure available, which, however, has great similarity to the Cry4 proteins of night migratory birds. The previous experimental studies of the ClCry4 protein included the absorption properties of the protein in its different redox states. The absorption spectrum of the FADH• state demonstrated a peculiar red shift compared to the photoabsorption properties of the FAD cofactor in its FADH• state in other Cry proteins from other species. The aim of this study is to understand this red shift by employing the tools of computational microscopy and, in particular, a QM/MM approach that relies on the polarizable embedding approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kretschmer
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anders Frederiksen
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reinholdt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory
Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky
Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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23
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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24
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Laurien M, Mende L, Luhrmann L, Frederiksen A, Aldag M, Spiecker L, Clemmesen C, Solov'yov IA, Gerlach G. Magnetic orientation in juvenile Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) could involve cryptochrome 4 as a potential magnetoreceptor. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240035. [PMID: 38835248 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Earth's magnetic field can provide reliable directional information, allowing migrating animals to orient themselves using a magnetic compass or estimate their position relative to a target using map-based orientation. Here we show for the first time that young, inexperienced herring (Clupea harengus, Ch) have a magnetic compass when they migrate hundreds of kilometres to their feeding grounds. In birds, such as the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), radical pair-based magnetoreception involving cryptochrome 4 (ErCRY4) was demonstrated; the molecular basis of magnetoreception in fish is still elusive. We show that cry4 expression in the eye of herring is upregulated during the migratory season, but not before, indicating a possible use for migration. The amino acid structure of herring ChCRY4 shows four tryptophans and a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding site, a prerequisite for a magnetic receptor. Using homology modelling, we successfully reconstructed ChCRY4 of herring, DrCRY4 of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and StCRY4 of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and showed that ChCRY4, DrCRY4 and ErCRY4a, but not StCRY4, exhibit very comparable dynamic behaviour. The electron transfer could take place in ChCRY4 in a similar way to ErCRY4a. The combined behavioural, transcriptomic and simulation experiments provide evidence that CRY4 could act as a magnetoreceptor in Atlantic herring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malien Laurien
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Lara Mende
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Lena Luhrmann
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Anders Frederiksen
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Mandus Aldag
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Lisa Spiecker
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Catriona Clemmesen
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel , Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gerlach
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , Oldenburg 26111, Germany
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25
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Thoeni V, Dimova EY, Kietzmann T, Usselman RJ, Egg M. Therapeutic nuclear magnetic resonance and intermittent hypoxia trigger time dependent on/off effects in circadian clocks and confirm a central role of superoxide in cellular magnetic field effects. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103152. [PMID: 38593630 PMCID: PMC11016797 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular magnetic field effects are assumed to base on coherent singlet-triplet interconversion of radical pairs that are sensitive to applied radiofrequency (RF) and weak magnetic fields (WEMFs), known as radical pair mechanism (RPM). As a leading model, the RPM explains how quantum effects can influence biochemical and cellular signalling. Consequently, radical pairs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that link the RPM to redox processes, such as the response to hypoxia and the circadian clock. Therapeutic nuclear magnetic resonance (tNMR) occupies a unique position in the RPM paradigm because of the used frequencies, which are far below the range of 0.1-100 MHz postulated for the RPM to occur. Nonetheless, tNMR was shown to induce RPM like effects, such as increased extracellular H2O2 levels and altered cellular bioenergetics. In this study we compared the impact of tNMR and intermittent hypoxia on the circadian clock, as well as the role of superoxide in tNMR induced ROS partitioning. We show that both, tNMR and intermittent hypoxia, exert on/off effects on cellular clocks that are dependent on the time of application (day versus night). In addition, our data provide further evidence that superoxide plays a central role in magnetic signal transduction. tNMR used in combination with scavengers, such as Vitamin C, led to strong ROS product redistributions. This discovery might represent the first indication of radical triads in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Thoeni
- Institute of Zoology, University Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Tyrol, A-6020, Austria
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert J Usselman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology, University Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Tyrol, A-6020, Austria.
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26
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Zhang P, Xu H, Song J, Chang Y, Cai T, Xie C. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed important processes underlying the static magnetic field effects on Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1390031. [PMID: 38863539 PMCID: PMC11165219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1390031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Static magnetic field (SMF) plays important roles in various biological processes of many organisms including plants, though the molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here in this study, we evaluated different magnetic setups to test their effects on growth and development on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and discovered that plant growth was significantly enhanced by inhomogeneous SMF generated by a regular triangular prism magnet perpendicular to the direction of gravity. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that auxin synthesis and signal transduction genes were upregulated by SMF exposure. SMF also facilitated plants to maintain the iron homeostasis. The expression of iron metabolism-related genes was downregulated by SMF, however, the iron content in plant tissues remains relatively unchanged. Furthermore, SMF exposure also helped the plants to reduce ROS level and synergistically maintain the oxidant balance by enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of nicotinamide. Taken together, our data suggested that SMF is involved in regulating the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana through maintaining iron homeostasis and balancing oxidative stress, which could be beneficial for plant survival and growth. The work presented here would extend our understanding of the mechanism and the regulatory network of how magnetic field affects the plant growth, which would provide insights into the development of novel plant synthetic biology technologies to engineer stress-resistant and high-yielding crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jialei Song
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yafei Chang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Xie
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Island, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Kurle-Tucholski P, Wiebeler C, Köhler L, Qin R, Zhao Z, Šimėnas M, Pöppl A, Matysik J. Red Shift in the Absorption Spectrum of Phototropin LOV1 upon the Formation of a Semiquinone Radical: Reconstructing the Orbital Architecture. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4344-4353. [PMID: 38688080 PMCID: PMC11089501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is a ubiquitous blue-light pigment due to its ability to drive one- and two-electron transfer reactions. In both light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains of phototropin from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, FMN is noncovalently bound. In the LOV1 cysteine-to-serine mutant (C57S), light-induced electron transfer from a nearby tryptophan occurs, and a transient spin-correlated radical pair (SCRP) is formed. Within this photocycle, nuclear hyperpolarization is created by the solid-state photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) effect. In a side reaction, a stable protonated semiquinone radical (FMNH·) forms undergoing a significant bathochromic shift of the first electronic transition from 445 to 591 nm. The incorporation of phototropin LOV1-C57S into an amorphous trehalose matrix, stabilizing the radical, allows for application of various magnetic resonance experiments at ambient temperatures, which are combined with quantum-chemical calculations. As a result, the bathochromic shift of the first absorption band is explained by lifting the degeneracy of the molecular orbital energy levels for electrons with alpha and beta spins in FMNH· due to the additional electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kurle-Tucholski
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wiebeler
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Köhler
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruonan Qin
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mantas Šimėnas
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Pöppl
- Felix
Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 5, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstraße
3, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Guan W, Gao H, Liu Y, Sun S, Li G. Application of magnetism in tissue regeneration: recent progress and future prospects. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae048. [PMID: 38939044 PMCID: PMC11208728 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a hot topic in the field of biomedical research in this century. Material composition, surface topology, light, ultrasonic, electric field and magnetic fields (MFs) all have important effects on the regeneration process. Among them, MFs can provide nearly non-invasive signal transmission within biological tissues, and magnetic materials can convert MFs into a series of signals related to biological processes, such as mechanical force, magnetic heat, drug release, etc. By adjusting the MFs and magnetic materials, desired cellular or molecular-level responses can be achieved to promote better tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the definition, classification and latest progress of MFs and magnetic materials in tissue engineering. It also explores the differences and potential applications of MFs in different tissue cells, aiming to connect the applications of magnetism in various subfields of tissue engineering and provide new insights for the use of magnetism in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shaolan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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29
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Karwinkel T, Winklhofer M, Allenstein D, Brust V, Christoph P, Holland RA, Hüppop O, Steen J, Bairlein F, Schmaljohann H. A refined magnetic pulse treatment method for magnetic navigation experiments with adequate sham control: a case study on free-flying songbirds. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230745. [PMID: 38745460 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Migratory songbirds may navigate by extracting positional information from the geomagnetic field, potentially with a magnetic-particle-based receptor. Previous studies assessed this hypothesis experimentally by exposing birds to a strong but brief magnetic pulse aimed at remagnetizing the particles and evoking an altered behaviour. Critically, such studies were not ideally designed because they lacked an adequate sham treatment controlling for the induced electric field that is fundamentally associated with a magnetic pulse. Consequently, we designed a sham-controlled magnetic-pulse experiment, with sham and treatment pulse producing a similar induced electric field, while limiting the sham magnetic field to a value that is deemed insufficient to remagnetize particles. We tested this novel approach by pulsing more than 250 wild, migrating European robins (Erithacus rubecula) during two autumn seasons. After pulsing them, five traits of free-flight migratory behaviour were observed, but no effect of the pulse could be found. Notably, one of the traits, the migratory motivation of adults, was significantly affected in only one of the two study years. Considering the problem of reproducing experiments with wild animals, we recommend a multi-year approach encompassing large sample size, blinded design and built-in sham control to obtain future insights into the role of magnetic-particle-based magnetoreception in bird navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiemo Karwinkel
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Dario Allenstein
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Vera Brust
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Paula Christoph
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Richard A Holland
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Bangor, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Ommo Hüppop
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Jan Steen
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Franz Bairlein
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell 78315, Germany
| | - Heiko Schmaljohann
- Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Science, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
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30
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Zupanc GKH, Homberg U, Rössler W, Warrant EJ, Arikawa K, Simmons AM, Helfrich-Förster C. Getting a glimpse into the sensory worlds of animals: the Editors' and Readers' Choice Awards 2024. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:347-351. [PMID: 38722557 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-024-01703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The Editors' and Readers' Choice Awards were established in 2022 to celebrate some of the outstanding articles published every year in the Journal of Comparative Physiology A. The recipients of the 2024 Editors' Choice Awards were selected based on votes cast by the Editorial Board on articles published in 2023. In the category Original Paper, this distinction goes to 'Views from 'crabworld': the spatial distribution of light in a tropical mudflat' by Jochen Zeil (J Comp Physiol A 209:859-876, 2023); and in the category Review Article to 'Olfactory navigation in arthropods' by Theresa J. Steele and colleagues (J Comp Physiol A 209:467-488, 2023). The winners of the 2024 Readers' Choice Awards were determined by the number of online accesses of articles published in 2022. In the category Original Paper, the winner is 'Broadband 75-85 MHz radiofrequency fields disrupt magnetic compass orientation in night‑migratory songbirds consistent with a flavin‑based radical pair magnetoreceptor' by Bo Leberecht and colleagues (J Comp Physiol A 208:97-106, 2022). In the category Review Article, the winner is 'Magnetic maps in animal navigation' by Kenneth J. Lohmann and colleagues (J Comp Physiol A 208:41-67, 2022), which already won the Editors' Choice Award in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Homberg
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rössler
- Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology (Zoology II), Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric J Warrant
- Department of Biology, University of Lund, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Kentaro Arikawa
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0115, Japan
| | - Andrea Megela Simmons
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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31
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Schuhmann F, Ramsay JL, Kattnig DR, Solov’yov IA. Structural Rearrangements of Pigeon Cryptochrome 4 Undergoing a Complete Redox Cycle. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3844-3855. [PMID: 38568745 PMCID: PMC11056986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochrome is currently the major contender of a protein to underpin magnetoreception, the ability to sense the Earth's magnetic field. Among various types of cryptochromes, cryptochrome 4 has been identified as the likely magnetoreceptor in migratory birds. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) studies have offered first insights into the structural dynamics of cryptochrome but are limited to a short time scale due to large computational demands. Here, we employ coarse-grained MD simulations to investigate the emergence of long-lived states and conformational changes in pigeon cryptochrome 4. Our coarse-grained simulations complete the picture by permitting observation on a significantly longer time scale. We observe conformational transitions in the phosphate-binding loop of pigeon cryptochrome 4 upon activation and identify prominent motions in residues 440-460, suggesting a possible role as a signaling state of the protein or as a gated interaction site for forming protein complexes that might facilitate downstream processes. The findings highlight the importance of considering longer time scales in studying cryptochrome dynamics and magnetoreception. Coarse-grained MD simulations offer a valuable tool to unravel the complex behavior of cryptochrome proteins and shed new light on the mechanisms underlying their role in magnetoreception. Further exploration of these conformational changes and their functional implications may contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of magnetoreception in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schuhmann
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Niels
Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jessica L. Ramsay
- Living
Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Rd., Exeter EX4
4QD, U.K.
| | - Daniel R. Kattnig
- Living
Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Rd., Exeter EX4
4QD, U.K.
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität
Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Research
Centre for Neurosensory Science, Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von
Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
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32
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Frederiksen A, Aldag M, Solov’yov IA, Gerhards L. Activation of Cryptochrome 4 from Atlantic Herring. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:262. [PMID: 38666874 PMCID: PMC11048568 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Marine fish migrate long distances up to hundreds or even thousands of kilometers for various reasons that include seasonal dependencies, feeding, or reproduction. The ability to perceive the geomagnetic field, called magnetoreception, is one of the many mechanisms allowing some fish to navigate reliably in the aquatic realm. While it is believed that the photoreceptor protein cryptochrome 4 (Cry4) is the key component for the radical pair-based magnetoreception mechanism in night migratory songbirds, the Cry4 mechanism in fish is still largely unexplored. The present study aims to investigate properties of the fish Cry4 protein in order to understand the potential involvement in a radical pair-based magnetoreception. Specifically, a computationally reconstructed atomistic model of Cry4 from the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) was studied employing classical molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods to investigate internal electron transfers and the radical pair formation. The QM/MM simulations reveal that electron transfers occur similarly to those found experimentally and computationally in Cry4 from European robin (Erithacus rubecula). It is therefore plausible that the investigated Atlantic herring Cry4 has the physical and chemical properties to form radical pairs that in turn could provide fish with a radical pair-based magnetic field compass sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Frederiksen
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.F.); (M.A.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Mandus Aldag
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.F.); (M.A.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.F.); (M.A.); (I.A.S.)
- Research Centre for Neurosensory Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (A.F.); (M.A.); (I.A.S.)
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Liu L, Huang B, Lu Y, Zhao Y, Tang X, Shi Y. Interactions between electromagnetic radiation and biological systems. iScience 2024; 27:109201. [PMID: 38433903 PMCID: PMC10906530 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though the bioeffects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) have been extensively investigated during the past several decades, our understandings of the bioeffects of EMR and the mechanisms of the interactions between the biological systems and the EMRs are still far from satisfactory. In this article, we introduce and summarize the consensus, controversy, limitations, and unsolved issues. The published works have investigated the EMR effects on different biological systems including humans, animals, cells, and biochemical reactions. Alternative methodologies also include dielectric spectroscopy, detection of bioelectromagnetic emissions, and theoretical predictions. In many studies, the thermal effects of the EMR are not properly controlled or considered. The frequency of the EMR investigated is limited to the commonly used bands, particularly the frequencies of the power line and the wireless communications; far fewer studies were performed for other EMR frequencies. In addition, the bioeffects of the complex EM environment were rarely discussed. In summary, our understanding of the bioeffects of the EMR is quite restrictive and further investigations are needed to answer the unsolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin-Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yingxian Lu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaping Tang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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Aguida B, Babo J, Baouz S, Jourdan N, Procopio M, El-Esawi MA, Engle D, Mills S, Wenkel S, Huck A, Berg-Sørensen K, Kampranis SC, Link J, Ahmad M. 'Seeing' the electromagnetic spectrum: spotlight on the cryptochrome photocycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1340304. [PMID: 38495372 PMCID: PMC10940379 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1340304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are widely dispersed flavoprotein photoreceptors that regulate numerous developmental responses to light in plants, as well as to stress and entrainment of the circadian clock in animals and humans. All cryptochromes are closely related to an ancient family of light-absorbing flavoenzymes known as photolyases, which use light as an energy source for DNA repair but themselves have no light sensing role. Here we review the means by which plant cryptochromes acquired a light sensing function. This transition involved subtle changes within the flavin binding pocket which gave rise to a visual photocycle consisting of light-inducible and dark-reversible flavin redox state transitions. In this photocycle, light first triggers flavin reduction from an initial dark-adapted resting state (FADox). The reduced state is the biologically active or 'lit' state, correlating with biological activity. Subsequently, the photoreduced flavin reoxidises back to the dark adapted or 'resting' state. Because the rate of reoxidation determines the lifetime of the signaling state, it significantly modulates biological activity. As a consequence of this redox photocycle Crys respond to both the wavelength and the intensity of light, but are in addition regulated by factors such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and cellular metabolites that alter rates of flavin reoxidation even independently of light. Mechanistically, flavin reduction is correlated with conformational change in the protein, which is thought to mediate biological activity through interaction with biological signaling partners. In addition, a second, entirely independent signaling mechanism arises from the cryptochrome photocycle in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are synthesized during flavin reoxidation, are known mediators of biotic and abiotic stress responses, and have been linked to Cry biological activity in plants and animals. Additional special properties arising from the cryptochrome photocycle include responsivity to electromagnetic fields and their applications in optogenetics. Finally, innovations in methodology such as the use of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) diamond centers to follow cryptochrome magnetic field sensitivity in vivo are discussed, as well as the potential for a whole new technology of 'magneto-genetics' for future applications in synthetic biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Aguida
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Babo
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Soria Baouz
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Jourdan
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maria Procopio
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Dorothy Engle
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephen Mills
- Chemistry Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephan Wenkel
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Huck
- DTU Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Sotirios C. Kampranis
- Biochemical Engineering Group, Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environment Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Justin Link
- Physics and Engineering Department, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Margaret Ahmad
- Unite Mixed de Recherche (UMR) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 8256 (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Biology Department, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Beetz MJ. A perspective on neuroethology: what the past teaches us about the future of neuroethology. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:325-346. [PMID: 38411712 PMCID: PMC10995053 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-024-01695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
For 100 years, the Journal of Comparative Physiology-A has significantly supported research in the field of neuroethology. The celebration of the journal's centennial is a great time point to appreciate the recent progress in neuroethology and to discuss possible avenues of the field. Animal behavior is the main source of inspiration for neuroethologists. This is illustrated by the huge diversity of investigated behaviors and species. To explain behavior at a mechanistic level, neuroethologists combine neuroscientific approaches with sophisticated behavioral analysis. The rapid technological progress in neuroscience makes neuroethology a highly dynamic and exciting field of research. To summarize the recent scientific progress in neuroethology, I went through all abstracts of the last six International Congresses for Neuroethology (ICNs 2010-2022) and categorized them based on the sensory modalities, experimental model species, and research topics. This highlights the diversity of neuroethology and gives us a perspective on the field's scientific future. At the end, I highlight three research topics that may, among others, influence the future of neuroethology. I hope that sharing my roots may inspire other scientists to follow neuroethological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jerome Beetz
- Zoology II, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Hagstrum JT. Avian navigation: the geomagnetic field provides compass cues but not a bicoordinate "map" plus a brief discussion of the alternative infrasound direction-finding hypothesis. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:295-313. [PMID: 37071206 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-023-01627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The geomagnetic field (GMF) is a worldwide source of compass cues used by animals and humans alike. The inclination of GMF flux lines also provides information on geomagnetic latitude. A long-disputed question, however, is whether horizontal gradients in GMF intensity, in combination with changes in inclination, provide bicoordinate "map" information. Multiple sources contribute to the total GMF, the largest of which is the core field. The ubiquitous crustal field is much less intense, but in both land and marine settings is strong enough at low altitudes (< 700 m; sea level) to mask the core field's weak N-S intensity gradient (~ 3-5 nT/km) over 10 s to 100 s of km. Non-orthogonal geomagnetic gradients, the lack of consistent E-W gradients, and the local masking of core-field intensity gradients by the crustal field, therefore, are grounds for rejection of the bicoordinate geomagnetic "map" hypothesis. In addition, the alternative infrasound direction-finding hypothesis is briefly reviewed. The GMF's diurnal variation has long been suggested as a possible Zeitgeber (timekeeper) for circadian rhythms and could explain the GMF's non-compass role in the avian navigational system. Requirements for detection of this weaker diurnal signal (~ 20-50 nT) might explain the magnetic alignment of resting and grazing animals.
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Luo J. Sensitivity enhancement of radical-pair magnetoreceptors as a result of spin decoherence. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074306. [PMID: 38380753 DOI: 10.1063/5.0182172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron spin relaxation is, on many occasions, considered an elephant in the room that challenges the idea of a radical-pair compass, a leading hypothesis for the navigation of migratory avian species. It has been widely recognized that an effective radical-pair magnetoreceptor requires a relaxation time that is long enough for an external magnetic field as weak as the geomagnetic field to significantly modify the coherent spin dynamics. However, previous studies proposed that certain spin relaxation, far quicker than the radical recombination reactions, could enhance, rather than degrade, the directional sensitivity of a radical-pair magnetoreceptor. Here, I investigate relaxation effects on the singlet-triplet interconversion of a model radical pair and find that the enhancement effect originates from population relaxation over a period of several microseconds as a result of efficient spin decoherence. Insights into the truncated spin systems shed light on the physics behind them. I further investigate the possibilities of such enhancement in cryptochrome-based magnetoreception, in which electron hopping takes place between tryptophan residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiate Luo
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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38
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Nair PS, Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Radical pair model for magnetic field effects on NMDA receptor activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3628. [PMID: 38351304 PMCID: PMC10864372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is a prominent player in brain development and functioning. Perturbations to its functioning through external stimuli like magnetic fields can potentially affect the brain in numerous ways. Various studies have shown that magnetic fields of varying strengths affect these receptors. We propose that the radical pair mechanism, a quantum mechanical process, could explain some of these field effects. Radicals of the form [Formula: see text], where R is a protein residue that can be Serine or Tyrosine, are considered for this study. The variation in the singlet fractional yield of the radical pairs, as a function of magnetic field strength, is calculated to understand how the magnetic field affects the products of the radical pair reactions. Based on the results, the radical pair mechanism is a likely candidate for explaining the magnetic field effects observed on the receptor activity. The model predicts changes in the behaviour of the system as magnetic field strength is varied and also predicts certain isotope effects. The results further suggest that similar effects on radical pairs could be a plausible explanation for various magnetic field effects within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy S Nair
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Austvold CK, Keable SM, Procopio M, Usselman RJ. Quantitative measurements of reactive oxygen species partitioning in electron transfer flavoenzyme magnetic field sensing. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1348395. [PMID: 38370016 PMCID: PMC10869518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1348395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological magnetic field sensing that gives rise to physiological responses is of considerable importance in quantum biology. The radical pair mechanism (RPM) is a fundamental quantum process that can explain some of the observed biological magnetic effects. In magnetically sensitive radical pair (RP) reactions, coherent spin dynamics between singlet and triplet pairs are modulated by weak magnetic fields. The resulting singlet and triplet reaction products lead to distinct biological signaling channels and cellular outcomes. A prevalent RP in biology is between flavin semiquinone and superoxide (O2 •-) in the biological activation of molecular oxygen. This RP can result in a partitioning of reactive oxygen species (ROS) products to form either O2 •- or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, we examine magnetic sensing of recombinant human electron transfer flavoenzyme (ETF) reoxidation by selectively measuring O2 •- and H2O2 product distributions. ROS partitioning was observed between two static magnetic fields at 20 nT and 50 μT, with a 13% decrease in H2O2 singlet products and a 10% increase in O2 •- triplet products relative to 50 µT. RPM product yields were calculated for a realistic flavin/superoxide RP across the range of static magnetic fields, in agreement with experimental results. For a triplet born RP, the RPM also predicts about three times more O2 •- than H2O2, with experimental results exhibiting about four time more O2 •- produced by ETF. The method presented here illustrates the potential of a novel magnetic flavoprotein biological sensor that is directly linked to mitochondria bioenergetics and can be used as a target to study cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase K. Austvold
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Stephen M. Keable
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maria Procopio
- Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Usselman
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
- Computational Research At Florida Tech, Melbourne, FL, United States
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40
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Vecheck AM, McNamee CM, Reijo Pera R, Usselman RJ. Magnetic Field Intervention Enhances Cellular Migration Rates in Biological Scaffolds. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:9. [PMID: 38247887 PMCID: PMC10813414 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of magnetic fields on cellular function is diverse but can be described at least in part by the radical pair mechanism (RPM), where magnetic field intervention alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) populations and downstream cellular signaling. Here, cellular migration within three-dimensional scaffolds was monitored in an applied oscillating 1.4 MHz radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field with an amplitude of 10 µT and a static 50 µT magnetic field. Given that cellular bioenergetics can be altered based on applied RF magnetic fields, this study focused on a magnetic field configuration that increased cellular respiration. Results suggest that RF accelerated cell clustering and elongation after 1 day, with increased levels of clustering and cellular linkage after 7 days. Cell distribution analysis within the scaffolds revealed that the clustering rate during the first day was increased nearly five times in the RF environment. Electron microscopy provided additional topological information and verified the development of fibrous networks, with a cell-derived matrix (CDM) visualized after 7 days in samples maintained in RF. This work demonstrates time-dependent cellular migration that may be influenced by quantum biology (QB) processes and downstream oxidative signaling, enhancing cellular migration behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Vecheck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Cameron M. McNamee
- Department of Mathematics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Usselman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
- Computational Research At Florida Tech (CRAFT), Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Mironov VL. Geomagnetic Anomaly in the Growth Response of Peat Moss Sphagnum riparium to Temperature. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 38202356 PMCID: PMC10780739 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Temperature plays an essential role in a plant's life. The current investigation reveals that photoreceptors, whose activity is affected by the geomagnetic field, are a critical element of its perception. This knowledge suggests that plants' responses to temperature could shift in different geomagnetic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we studied the change in the growth response of the peat moss Sphagnum riparium to temperature with a gradual increase in the geomagnetic Kp index. Growth data for this species were collected from Karelian mires by detailed monitoring over eight full growing seasons. The growth of 209,490 shoots was measured and 1439 growth rates were obtained for this period. The analysis showed a strong positive dependence of sphagnum growth on temperature (r = 0.58; n = 1439; P = 1.7 × 10-119), which is strongest in the Kp range from 0.87 to 1.61 (r = 0.65; n = 464; P = 4.5 × 10-58). This Kp interval is clearer after removing the seasonal contributions from the growth rate and temperature and is preserved when diurnal temperature is used. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis and show the unknown contribution of the geomagnetic field to the temperature responses of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Mironov
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research, Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya St. 11, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Romanova N, Utvenko G, Prokshina A, Cellarius F, Fedorishcheva A, Pakhomov A. Migratory birds are able to choose the appropriate migratory direction under dim yellow narrowband light. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20232499. [PMID: 38113940 PMCID: PMC10730290 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is generally assumed that migratory birds are oriented in the appropriate migratory direction under UV, blue and green light (short-wavelength) and are unable to use their magnetic compass in total darkness and under yellow and red light (long-wavelength). However, it has also been suggested that the magnetic compass has two sensitivity peaks: in the short and long wavelengths, but with different intensities. In this project, we aimed to study the orientation of long-distance migrants, pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), under different narrowband light conditions during autumn and spring migrations. The birds were tested in the natural magnetic field (NMF) and a changed magnetic field (CMF) rotated counterclockwise by 120° under dim green (autumn) and yellow (spring and autumn) light, which are on the 'threshold' between the short-wavelength and long-wavelength light. We showed that pied flycatchers (i) were completely disoriented under green light both in the NMF and CMF but (ii) showed the migratory direction in the NMF and the appropriate response to CMF under yellow light. Our data contradict the results of previous experiments under narrowband green and yellow light and raise doubts about the existence of only short-wavelength magnetoreception. The parameters of natural light change dramatically in spectral composition and intensity after local sunset, and the avian magnetic compass should be adapted to function properly under such constantly changing light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Romanova
- Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1 M. Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gleb Utvenko
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute RAS, Kaliningrad Region, Rybachy 238535, Russia
| | - Anisia Prokshina
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fyodor Cellarius
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Pakhomov
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute RAS, Kaliningrad Region, Rybachy 238535, Russia
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43
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Sarimov RM, Serov DA, Gudkov SV. Hypomagnetic Conditions and Their Biological Action (Review). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1513. [PMID: 38132339 PMCID: PMC10740674 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The geomagnetic field plays an important role in the existence of life on Earth. The study of the biological effects of (hypomagnetic conditions) HMC is an important task in magnetobiology. The fundamental importance is expanding and clarifying knowledge about the mechanisms of magnetic field interaction with living systems. The applied significance is improving the training of astronauts for long-term space expeditions. This review describes the effects of HMC on animals and plants, manifested at the cellular and organismal levels. General information is given about the probable mechanisms of HMC and geomagnetic field action on living systems. The main experimental approaches are described. We attempted to systematize quantitative data from various studies and identify general dependencies of the magnetobiology effects' value on HMC characteristics (induction, exposure duration) and the biological parameter under study. The most pronounced effects were found at the cellular level compared to the organismal level. Gene expression and protein activity appeared to be the most sensitive to HMC among the molecular cellular processes. The nervous system was found to be the most sensitive in the case of the organism level. The review may be of interest to biologists, physicians, physicists, and specialists in interdisciplinary fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (D.A.S.)
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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic isotope effects: a potential testing ground for quantum biology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1338479. [PMID: 38148902 PMCID: PMC10750422 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1338479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One possible explanation for magnetosensing in biology, such as avian magnetoreception, is based on the spin dynamics of certain chemical reactions that involve radical pairs. Radical pairs have been suggested to also play a role in anesthesia, hyperactivity, neurogenesis, circadian clock rhythm, microtubule assembly, etc. It thus seems critical to probe the credibility of such models. One way to do so is through isotope effects with different nuclear spins. Here we briefly review the papers involving spin-related isotope effects in biology. We suggest studying isotope effects can be an interesting avenue for quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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45
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Sarimov RM, Serov DA, Gudkov SV. Biological Effects of Magnetic Storms and ELF Magnetic Fields. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 38132332 PMCID: PMC10740910 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic fields are a constant and essential part of our environment. The main components of ambient magnetic fields are the constant part of the geomagnetic field, its fluctuations caused by magnetic storms, and man-made magnetic fields. These fields refer to extremely-low-frequency (<1 kHz) magnetic fields (ELF-MFs). Since the 1980s, a huge amount of data has been accumulated on the biological effects of magnetic fields, in particular ELF-MFs. However, a unified picture of the patterns of action of magnetic fields has not been formed. Even though a unified mechanism has not yet been generally accepted, several theories have been proposed. In this review, we attempted to take a new approach to analyzing the quantitative data on the effects of ELF-MFs to identify new potential areas for research. This review provides general descriptions of the main effects of magnetic storms and anthropogenic fields on living organisms (molecular-cellular level and whole organism) and a brief description of the main mechanisms of magnetic field effects on living organisms. This review may be of interest to specialists in the fields of biology, physics, medicine, and other interdisciplinary areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilova Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.S.); (D.A.S.)
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Bindra JK, Niklas J, Jeong Y, Jasper AW, Kretzschmar M, Kern J, Utschig LM, Poluektov OG. Coherences of Photoinduced Electron Spin Qubit Pair States in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10108-10117. [PMID: 37980604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This publication presents the first comprehensive experimental study of electron spin coherences in photosynthetic reaction center proteins, specifically focusing on photosystem I (PSI). The ultrafast electron transfer in PSI generates spin-correlated radical pairs (SCRPs), which are entangled spin pairs formed in well-defined spin states (Bell states). Since their discovery in our group in the 1980s, SCRPs have been extensively used to enhance our understanding of structure-function relationships in photosynthetic proteins. More recently, SCRPs have been utilized as tools for quantum sensing. Electron spin decoherence poses a significant challenge in realizing practical applications of electron spin qubits, particularly the creation of quantum entanglement between multiple electron spins. This work is focused on the systematic characterization of decoherence in SCRPs of PSI. These decoherence times were measured as electron spin echo decay times, termed phase memory times (TM), at various temperatures. Decoherence was recorded on both transient SCRP states P700+A1- and thermalized states. Our study reveals that TM exhibits minimal dependence on the biological species, biochemical treatment, and paramagnetic species. The analysis indicates that nuclear spin diffusion and instantaneous diffusion mechanisms alone cannot explain the observed decoherence. As a plausible explanation we discuss the assumption that the low-temperature dynamics of methyl groups in the protein surrounding the unpaired electron spin centers is the main factor governing the loss of the spin coherence in PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen K Bindra
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yeonjun Jeong
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ahren W Jasper
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Moritz Kretzschmar
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lisa M Utschig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Johns SC, Gupta P, Lee YH, Friend J, Fuster MM. Glycocalyx transduces membrane leak in brain tumor cells exposed to sharp magnetic pulsing. Biophys J 2023; 122:4425-4439. [PMID: 37992690 PMCID: PMC10698326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which electric (E) or magnetic (B) fields might be harnessed to affect tumor cell behavior remain poorly defined, presenting a barrier to translation. We hypothesized in early studies that the glycocalyx of lung cancer cells might play a role in mediating plasma membrane leak by low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields (Lf-PMF) generated on a low-energy solenoid platform. In testing glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells known to overexpress glycoproteins rich in modifications by the anionic glycan sialic acid (Sia), exposure of brain tumor cells on the same platform to a pulse train that included a 5 min 50Hz Lf-PMF (dB/dt ∼ 2 T/s at 10 ms pulse widths) induced a very modest but significant protease leak above that of control nonexposed cells (with modest but significant reductions in long-term tumor cell viability after the 5 min exposure). Using a markedly higher dB/dt system (80 T/s pulses, 70 μs pulse-width at 5.9 cm from a MagVenture coil source) induced markedly greater leak by the same cells, and eliminating Sia by treating cells with AUS sialidase immediately preexposure abrogated the effect entirely in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and partially in T98G glioblastoma cells. The system demonstrated significant leak (including inward leak of propidium iodide), with reduced leak at lower dB/dt in a variety of tumor cells. The ability to abrogate Lf-PMF protease leak by pretreatment with sialidase in SH-SY5Y brain tumor cells or with heparin lyase in A549 lung tumor cells indicated the importance of heavy Sia or heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan glycocalyx modifications as dominant glycan species mediating Lf-PMF membrane leak in respective tumor cells. This "first-physical" Lf-PMF tumor glycocalyx event, with downstream cell stress, may represent a critical and "tunable" transduction mechanism that depends on characteristic anionic glycans overexpressed by distinct malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California
| | - Purva Gupta
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yi-Hung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James Friend
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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48
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Muheim R, Phillips JB. Effects of low-level RF fields reveal complex pattern of magnetic input to the avian magnetic compass. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19970. [PMID: 37968316 PMCID: PMC10651899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian magnetic compass can be disrupted by weak narrow-band and broadband radio-frequency (RF) fields in the lower MHz range. However, it is unclear whether disruption of the magnetic compass results from the elimination of the perception pattern produced by the magnetic field or from qualitative changes that make the pattern unrecognizable. We show that zebra finches trained in a 4-arm maze to orient relative to the magnetic field are disoriented when tested in the presence of low-level (~ 10 nT) Larmor-frequency RF fields. However, they are able to orient when tested in such RF fields if trained under this condition, indicating that the RF field alters, but does not eliminate, the magnetic input. Larmor-frequency RF fields of higher intensities, with or without harmonics, dramatically alter the magnetic compass response. In contrast, exposure to broadband RF fields in training, in testing, or in both training and testing eliminates magnetic compass information. These findings demonstrate that low-level RF fields at intensities found in many laboratory and field experiments may have very different effects on the perception of the magnetic field in birds, depending on the type and intensity of the RF field, and the birds' familiarity with the RF-generated pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Muheim
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Biology Building, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - John B Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0406, USA
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Hambarde S, Manalo JM, Baskin DS, Sharpe MA, Helekar SA. Spinning magnetic field patterns that cause oncolysis by oxidative stress in glioma cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19264. [PMID: 37935811 PMCID: PMC10630398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Raising reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cancer cells to cause macromolecular damage and cell death is a promising anticancer treatment strategy. Observations that electromagnetic fields (EMF) elevate intracellular ROS and cause cancer cell death, have led us to develop a new portable wearable EMF device that generates spinning oscillating magnetic fields (sOMF) to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells in vitro and to shrink GBM tumors in vivo through a novel mechanism. Here, we characterized the precise configurations and timings of sOMF stimulation that produce cytotoxicity due to a critical rise in superoxide in two types of human glioma cells. We also found that the antioxidant Trolox reverses the cytotoxic effect of sOMF on glioma cells indicating that ROS play a causal role in producing the effect. Our findings clarify the link between the physics of magnetic stimulation and its mechanism of anticancer action, facilitating the development of a potential new safe noninvasive device-based treatment for GBM and other gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Hambarde
- Kenneth R. Peak Center for Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment and Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeanne M Manalo
- Kenneth R. Peak Center for Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment and Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Baskin
- Kenneth R. Peak Center for Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment and Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martyn A Sharpe
- Kenneth R. Peak Center for Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment and Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Santosh A Helekar
- Kenneth R. Peak Center for Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment and Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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50
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Franco-Obregón A. Harmonizing Magnetic Mitohormetic Regenerative Strategies: Developmental Implications of a Calcium-Mitochondrial Axis Invoked by Magnetic Field Exposure. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1176. [PMID: 37892906 PMCID: PMC10604793 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitohormesis is a process whereby mitochondrial stress responses, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), act cumulatively to either instill survival adaptations (low ROS levels) or to produce cell damage (high ROS levels). The mitohormetic nature of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure thus makes it susceptible to extraneous influences that also impinge on mitochondrial ROS production and contribute to the collective response. Consequently, magnetic stimulation paradigms are prone to experimental variability depending on diverse circumstances. The failure, or inability, to control for these factors has contributed to the existing discrepancies between published reports and in the interpretations made from the results generated therein. Confounding environmental factors include ambient magnetic fields, temperature, the mechanical environment, and the conventional use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Biological factors include cell type and seeding density as well as the developmental, inflammatory, or senescence statuses of cells that depend on the prior handling of the experimental sample. Technological aspects include magnetic field directionality, uniformity, amplitude, and duration of exposure. All these factors will exhibit manifestations at the level of ROS production that will culminate as a unified cellular response in conjunction with magnetic exposure. Fortunately, many of these factors are under the control of the experimenter. This review will focus on delineating areas requiring technical and biological harmonization to assist in the designing of therapeutic strategies with more clearly defined and better predicted outcomes and to improve the mechanistic interpretation of the generated data, rather than on precise applications. This review will also explore the underlying mechanistic similarities between magnetic field exposure and other forms of biophysical stimuli, such as mechanical stimuli, that mutually induce elevations in intracellular calcium and ROS as a prerequisite for biological outcome. These forms of biophysical stimuli commonly invoke the activity of transient receptor potential cation channel classes, such as TRPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; ; Tel.: +65-6777-8427 or +65-6601-6143
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
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