1
|
Wei G, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Pan Y, Yi B, Bai Y. Single-cell sequencing revealed metabolic reprogramming and its transcription factor regulatory network in prostate cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101925. [PMID: 38447277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The incidence of prostate cancer is gradually rising due to factors such as aging demographics and changes in dietary habits. The objective of this study is to investigate the metabolic reprogramming changes occurring in prostate cancer and identify potential therapeutic targets. METHODS In this study, we utilized single-cell sequencing to comprehensively characterize the alterations in metabolism and the regulatory role of transcription factors in various subtypes of prostate cancer. RESULTS In comparison to benign prostate tissue, prostate cancer displayed substantial metabolic variations, notably exhibiting heightened activity in fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism. This metabolic reprogramming not only influenced cellular energy utilization but also potentially impacted the activity of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway through the synthesis of endogenous steroid hormones. Through our analysis of transcription factor activity, we identified the crucial role of SREBPs, which are transcription factors associated with lipid metabolism, in prostate cancer. Encouragingly, the inhibitor Betulin effectively suppresses prostate cancer growth, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojiang Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China.
| | - Hongcai Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, PR China
| | - Yupeng Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Bocun Yi
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Yangkai Bai
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, PR China; Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu GJ, Hsiao PW. Assessment of Anti-Prostate Cancer Activity among Four Seaweeds, with Focus on Caulerpa lentillifera J.Agardh. Foods 2024; 13:1411. [PMID: 38731782 PMCID: PMC11083060 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to a global shift towards health-conscious and environmentally sustainable food choices, seaweed has emerged as a focus for researchers due to its large-scale cultivation potential and the development of bioactive substances. This research explores the potential anticancer properties of seaweed extracts, focusing on analyzing the impact of four common edible seaweeds in Taiwan on prostate cancer (PCa) cells' activity. The study used bioassay-guided fractionation to extract Cl80 from various seaweeds with androgen receptor (AR)-inhibitory activity. Cl80 demonstrated effective suppression of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced AR activity in 103E cells and attenuated the growth and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein expression in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Additionally, Cl80 exhibited differential effects on various PCa cell lines. Concentrations above 5 μg/mL significantly inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation, while 22Rv1 cells were more resistant to Cl80. PC-3 cell proliferation was inhibited at 5 μg/mL but not completely at 50 μg/mL. A clonogenic assay showed that at a concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, the colony formation in LNCaP and PC-3 cells was significantly reduced, with a dose-dependent effect. Cl80 induced apoptosis in all PCa cell types, especially in LNCaP cells, with increased apoptotic cells observed at higher concentrations. Cl80 also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in a dose-dependent manner in all PCa cell lines. Furthermore, Cl80 suppressed the migration ability of PCa cells, with significant reductions observed in LNCaP, 22Rv1, and PC-3 cells at various concentrations. These compelling findings highlight the promising therapeutic potential of C. lentillifera J.Agardh and its isolated compound Cl80 in the treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-James Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong 880011, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsiao
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bergez-Hernández F, Luque-Ortega F, García-Magallanes N, Alvarez-Arrazola M, Arámbula-Meraz E. Deletion in a regulatory region is associated with underexpression of miR-148b‑3p in patients with prostate cancer. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:52. [PMID: 38357236 PMCID: PMC10865175 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men. This pathology is complex and heterogeneous; therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms that lead to its origin and progression is imperative. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are part of the epigenetic machinery that regulates the expression of human genes, therefore, mutations in the genes that encode them can lead to a dysregulation in their expression, which directly impacts their target genes, which could be oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In PCa several dysregulated expression levels of miRNAs are associated with perturbed cellular processes. A differential expression of miRNAs such as miR-145-5p and miR-148-3p has been observed in PCa, possibly due to mutations in regions near the miRNAs. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysregulation of these miRNAs still need to be clarified. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the expression of miRNAs and their relationship with mutations in patients with and without PCa. In total, 71 patients were analyzed: 41 of whom had PCa (CAP group) and 30 with benign pathology (BPD group). Underexpression was observed in miR-145-5p and miR-148b-3p in PCa patients (P=0.03 and P=0.001, respectively). In miR-145-5p, no mutations related to its expression were identified. For miR-148b-3p, a set of mutations were identified in the chr12:54337042/54337043 region, which were grouped into the mutation named DelsAAG. Although this mutation's abnormal allele is related to PCa (P=0.017), a statistically significant difference was observed in the expression of miR-148b-3p between carriers and non-carriers of the mutated allele, identifying a mechanism likely to be involved in the miR-148b-3p dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bergez-Hernández
- Postgraduate in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, 80010 Sinaloa, México
| | - Fred Luque-Ortega
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, 80100 Sinaloa, México
| | - Noemí García-Magallanes
- Laboratory of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Engineering, Polytechnic University of Sinaloa, Mazatlán, 82199 Sinaloa, México
| | | | - Eliakym Arámbula-Meraz
- Postgraduate in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, 80010 Sinaloa, México
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, 80010 Sinaloa, México
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Xia L, Li H, Cai P, Tang S, Feng Y, Liu G, Chen Y, Liu N, Zhang W, Zhou Z. Exploring the impact of PEGylation on pharmacokinetics: a size-dependent effect of polyethylene glycol on prostate-specific membrane antigen inhibitors. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:15. [PMID: 38324095 PMCID: PMC10850047 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a target has gained increasing attention. This research aims to investigate and understand how altering size of PEG impacts the in vitro and in vivo behavior and performance of PSMA inhibitors, with a specific focus on their pharmacokinetic characteristics and targeting properties. RESULTS Two 68Ga-labeled PSMA-targeted radiotracers were developed, namely [68Ga]Ga-PP4-WD and [68Ga]Ga-PP8-WD, with varying sizes of polyethylene glycol (PEG). [68Ga]Ga-PP4-WD and [68Ga]Ga-PP8-WD had excellent affinity for PSMA with IC50 being 8.06 ± 0.91, 6.13 ± 0.79 nM, respectively. Both tracers enabled clear visualization of LNCaP tumors in PET images with excellent tumor-to-background contrast. They also revealed highly efficient uptake and internalization into LNCaP cells, increasing over time. The biodistribution studies demonstrated that both radioligands exhibited significant and specific uptake into LNCaP tumors. Furthermore, they were rapidly cleared through the renal pathway, as evidenced by [68Ga]Ga-PP4-WD and [68Ga]Ga-PP8-WD showing a tenfold and a fivefold less in renal uptake, respectively, compared to [68Ga]Ga-Flu-1 in 30 min. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that PEG size significantly impacted tumor-targeting and pharmacokinetic properties. CONCLUSIONS These radiotracers have demonstrated their effectiveness in significantly reducing kidney uptake while maintaining the absorbed dose in tumors. Both radiotracers exhibited strong binding and internalization characteristics in vitro, displayed high specificity and affinity for PSMA in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sufan Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangfu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bakhshi P, Ho JQ, Zanganeh S. Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:1320690. [PMID: 38362126 PMCID: PMC10867131 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1320690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones play a pivotal role in modulating various physiological processes, with emerging evidence underscoring their influence on cancer progression and treatment outcomes. This review delves into the intricate relationship between sex hormones and cancer, elucidating the underlying biological mechanisms and their clinical implications. We explore the multifaceted roles of estrogen, androgens, and progesterone, highlighting their respective influence on specific cancers such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate. Special attention is given to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumors, androgen receptor signaling, and the dual role of progesterone in both promoting and inhibiting cancer progression. Clinical observations reveal varied treatment responses contingent upon hormonal levels, with certain therapies like tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and anti-androgens demonstrating notable success. However, disparities in treatment outcomes between males and females in hormone-sensitive cancers necessitate further exploration. Therapeutically, the utilization of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during cancer treatments presents both potential risks and benefits. The promise of personalized therapies, tailored to an individual's hormonal profile, offers a novel approach to optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Concurrently, the burgeoning exploration of new drugs and interventions targeting hormonal pathways heralds a future of more effective and precise treatments for hormone-sensitive cancers. This review underscores the pressing need for a deeper understanding of sex hormones in cancer therapy and the ensuing implications for future therapeutic innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bakhshi
- Research and Development, MetasFree Biopharmaceutical Company, Mansfield, MA, United States
| | - Jim Q. Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Research and Development, MetasFree Biopharmaceutical Company, Mansfield, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye Y, Zhong W, Luo R, Wen H, Ma Z, Qi S, Han X, Nie W, Chang D, Xu R, Ye N, Gao F, Zhang P. Thermosensitive hydrogel with emodin-loaded triple-targeted nanoparticles for a rectal drug delivery system in the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38238760 PMCID: PMC10795337 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex etiology and pathogenesis underlying Chronic Non-Bacterial Prostatitis (CNP), coupled with the existence of a Blood Prostate Barrier (BPB), contribute to a lack of specificity and poor penetration of most drugs. Emodin (EMO), a potential natural compound for CNP treatment, exhibits commendable anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-fibrosis properties but suffers from the same problems as other drugs. METHODS By exploiting the recognition properties of lactoferrin (LF) receptors that target intestinal epithelial cells (NCM-460) and prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1), a pathway is established for the transrectal absorption of EMO to effectively reach the prostate. Additionally, hyaluronic acid (HA) is employed, recognizing CD44 receptors which target macrophages within the inflamed prostate. This interaction facilitates the intraprostatic delivery of EMO, leading to its pronounced anti-inflammatory effects. A thermosensitive hydrogel (CS-Gel) prepared from chitosan (CS) and β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (β-GP) was used for rectal drug delivery with strong adhesion to achieve effective drug retention and sustained slow release. Thus, we developed a triple-targeted nanoparticle (NPs)/thermosensitive hydrogel (Gel) rectal drug delivery system. In this process, LF, with its positive charge, was utilized to load EMO through dialysis, producing LF@EMO-NPs. Subsequently, HA was employed to encapsulate EMO-loaded LF nanoparticles via electrostatic adsorption, yielding HA/LF@EMO-NPs. Finally, HA/LF@EMO-NPs lyophilized powder was added to CS-Gel (HA/LF@EMO-NPs Gel). RESULTS Cellular assays indicated that NCM-460 and RWPE-1 cells showed high uptake of both LF@EMO-NPs and HA/LF@EMO-NPs, while Raw 264.7 cells exhibited substantial uptake of HA/LF@EMO-NPs. For LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells, HA/LF@EMO-NPs can reduce the inflammatory responses by modulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Tissue imaging corroborated the capacity of HA/LF-modified formulations to breach the BPB, accumulating within the gland's lumen. Animal experiments showed that rectal administration of HA/LF@EMO-NPs Gel significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, oxidative stress levels and fibrosis in the CNP rats, in addition to exerting anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway without obvious toxicity. CONCLUSION This triple-targeted NPs/Gel rectal delivery system with slow-release anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-fibrosis properties shows great potential for the effective treatment of CNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongzhi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ziyang Ma
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenbiao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Degui Chang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Naijing Ye
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Peihai Zhang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buck SAJ, Meertens M, van Ooijen FMF, Oomen-de Hoop E, de Jonge E, Coenen MJH, Bergman AM, Koolen SLW, de Wit R, Huitema ADR, van Schaik RHN, Mathijssen RHJ. A common germline variant in CYP11B1 is associated with adverse clinical outcome of treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115890. [PMID: 37988848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Extragonadal androgens play a pivotal role in prostate cancer disease progression on androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi), including abiraterone and enzalutamide. We aimed to investigate if germline variants in genes involved in extragonadal androgen synthesis contribute to resistance to ARSi and may predict clinical outcomes on ARSi. We included ARSi naive metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide and determined 18 germline variants in six genes involved in extragonadal androgen synthesis. Variants were tested in univariate and multivariable analysis for the relation with overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) by Cox regression, and PSA response by logistic regression. A total of 275 patients were included. From the investigated genes CYP17A1, HSD3B1, CYP11B1, AKR1C3, SRD5A1 and SRD5A2, only rs4736349 in CYP11B1 in homozygous form (TT), present in 54 patients (20%), was related with a significantly worse OS (HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.09 - 2.68, p = 0.019) and TTP (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.08 - 2.09, p = 0.016), and was related with a significantly less frequent PSA response (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 - 0.96, p = 0.038) on abiraterone or enzalutamide in a multivariable analysis. The frequent germline variant rs4736349 in CYP11B1 is, as homozygote, an independent negative prognostic factor for treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide in ARSi naive metastatic prostate cancer patients. Our findings warrant prospective investigation of this potentially important predictive biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A J Buck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marinda Meertens
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Oomen-de Hoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evert de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin WS, Han SH, Jo KW, Cho Y, Kim KT. Pinostilbene inhibits full-length and splice variant of androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16663. [PMID: 37794090 PMCID: PMC10550987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men worldwide and is promoted by the sex hormone androgen. Expression of androgen from the testis can be significantly reduced through castration. However, as most prostate cancer patients acquire castration resistance, additional therapeutic solutions are necessary. Although anti-androgens, such as enzalutamide, have been used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), enzalutamide-resistant CRPC (Enz-resistant CRPC) has emerged. Therefore, development of novel treatments for Enz-resistant CRPC is urgent. In this study, we found a novel anti-androgen called pinostilbene through screening with a GAL4-transactivation assay. We confirmed that pinostilbene directly binds to androgen receptor (AR) and inhibits its activation and translocalization. Pinostilbene treatment also reduced the protein level and downstream gene expression of AR. Furthermore, pinostilbene reduced the protein level of AR variant 7 in the Enz-resistant prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1 and inhibited cell viability and proliferation. Our results suggest that pinostilbene has the potential to treat Enz-resistant CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Sik Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyung Won Jo
- Hesed Bio Corporation, Pohang, 37563, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunje Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Generative Genomics Research Center, Global Green Research & Development Center, Handong Global University, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alyamani M, Michael P, Hettel D, Thomas L, Lundy SD, Berk M, Patel M, Li J, Rashidi H, McKenney JK, Klein EA, Sharifi N. Elevated periprostatic venous testosterone correlates with prostate cancer progression after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171117. [PMID: 37655657 PMCID: PMC10471166 DOI: 10.1172/jci171117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDGenerally, clinical assessment of gonadal testosterone (T) in human physiology is determined using concentrations measured in peripheral blood. Prostatic T exposure is similarly thought to be determined from peripheral T exposure. Despite the fact that androgens drive prostate cancer, peripheral T has had no role in the clinical evaluation or treatment of men with localized prostate cancer.METHODSTo assess the role of local androgen delivery in prostate cancer, we obtained blood from the (periprostatic) prostatic dorsal venous complex in 266 men undergoing radical prostatectomy from July 2014 to August 2021 and compared dorsal T (DT) levels with those in circulating peripheral blood (PT) and prostatic tissue. Comprehensive targeted steroid analysis and unbiased metabolomics analyses were performed. The association between the DT/PT ratio and progression-free survival after prostatectomy was assessed.RESULTSSurprisingly, in some men, DT levels were enriched several-fold compared with PT levels. For example, 20% of men had local T concentrations that were at least 2-fold higher than peripheral T concentrations. Isocaproic acid, a byproduct of androgen biosynthesis, and 17-OH-progesterone, a marker of intratesticular T, were also enriched in the dorsal vein of these men, consistent with testicular shunting. Men with enriched DT had higher rates of prostate cancer recurrence. DT/PT concentration ratios predicted worse outcomes even when accounting for known clinical predictors.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that a large proportion of men have a previously unappreciated exposure to an undiluted and highly concentrated T supply. Elevated periprostatic T exposure was associated with worse clinical outcomes after radical prostatectomy.FUNDINGNational Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH grants R01CA172382, R01CA236780, R01CA261995, R01CA249279, and R50CA251961; US Army Medical Research and Development Command grants W81XWH2010137 and W81XWH-22-1-0082.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alyamani
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Patrick Michael
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
| | - Daniel Hettel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
| | - Lewis Thomas
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
| | - Scott D. Lundy
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
| | - Mike Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Mona Patel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Hooman Rashidi
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, and
| | - Jesse K. McKenney
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, and
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Koistinen H, Kovanen RM, Hollenberg MD, Dufour A, Radisky ES, Stenman UH, Batra J, Clements J, Hooper JD, Diamandis E, Schilling O, Rannikko A, Mirtti T. The roles of proteases in prostate cancer. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:493-513. [PMID: 36598826 PMCID: PMC10159896 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the proposition of the pro-invasive activity of proteolytic enzymes over 70 years ago, several roles for proteases in cancer progression have been established. About half of the 473 active human proteases are expressed in the prostate and many of the most well-characterized members of this enzyme family are regulated by androgens, hormones essential for development of prostate cancer. Most notably, several kallikrein-related peptidases, including KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA), the most well-known prostate cancer marker, and type II transmembrane serine proteases, such as TMPRSS2 and matriptase, have been extensively studied and found to promote prostate cancer progression. Recent findings also suggest a critical role for proteases in the development of advanced and aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Perhaps the most intriguing evidence for this role comes from studies showing that the protease-activated transmembrane proteins, Notch and CDCP1, are associated with the development of CRPC. Here, we review the roles of proteases in prostate cancer, with a special focus on their regulation by androgens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ruusu-Maaria Kovanen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Evette S. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D. Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eleftherios Diamandis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alyamani M, McManus J, Patel M, Sharifi N. Approaches to assessing 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1. Methods Enzymol 2023; 689:89-119. [PMID: 37802584 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (3βHSD1), encoded by the gene HSD3B1, plays an essential role in the peripheral conversion of 3β-OH, Δ5-steroids to 3-keto, Δ4-steroids. In human physiology, the adrenal produces dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate, which are major precursors for the biosynthesis of potent androgens and estrogens. DHEA is converted by 3βHSD1 and subsequently is converted by steroid-5α-reductase to potent androgens or by aromatase to estrogens. Assessment of 3βHSD1 is therefore critical under various conditions. In this chapter, we detail several approaches to assessing 3βHSD1. First, we describe a genotyping protocol for the identification of a common missense-encoding variation that regulates 3βHSD1 cellular metabolic activity. This protocol distinguishes between the HSD3B1(1245A) and the HSD3B1(1245C) allele which have lower and higher metabolic activity, respectively. Second, we detail mass spectrometry approaches to determining 3βHSD1 activity using stable isotope dilution. Third, we describe methods for using tritiated DHEA and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a beta-RAM to also determine 3βHSD1 activity. Together, we provide multiple methods of directly assessing 3βHSD1 activity or anticipated 3βHSD1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alyamani
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jeff McManus
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mona Patel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui D, Li J, Zhu Z, Berk M, Hardaway A, McManus J, Chung YM, Alyamani M, Valle S, Tiwari R, Han B, Goudarzi M, Willard B, Sharifi N. Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted glucosamine alters the androgen biosynthesis program in prostate cancer via HSD3B1 upregulation. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e161913. [PMID: 37009898 PMCID: PMC10065083 DOI: 10.1172/jci161913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After androgen deprivation, prostate cancer frequently becomes castration resistant (CRPC), with intratumoral androgen production from extragonadal precursors that activate the androgen receptor pathway. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (3βHSD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for extragonadal androgen synthesis, which together lead to CRPC. Here, we show that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) increased epithelial 3βHSD1 expression, induced androgen synthesis, activated the androgen receptor, and induced CRPC. Unbiased metabolomics revealed that CAF-secreted glucosamine specifically induced 3βHSD1. CAFs induced higher GlcNAcylation in cancer cells and elevated expression of the transcription factor Elk1, which induced higher 3βHSD1 expression and activity. Elk1 genetic ablation in cancer epithelial cells suppressed CAF-induced androgen biosynthesis in vivo. In patient samples, multiplex fluorescent imaging showed that tumor cells expressed more 3βHSD1 and Elk1 in CAF-enriched areas compared with CAF-deficient areas. Our findings suggest that CAF-secreted glucosamine increases GlcNAcylation in prostate cancer cells, promoting Elk1-induced HSD3B1 transcription, which upregulates de novo intratumoral androgen synthesis to overcome castration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Cui
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianneng Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aimalie Hardaway
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey McManus
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohammad Alyamani
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shelley Valle
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ritika Tiwari
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bangmin Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Metabolomics Shared Laboratory Resource, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Belinda Willard
- Metabolomics Shared Laboratory Resource, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rangsrikitphoti P, Marquez-Garban DC, Pietras RJ, McGowan E, Boonyaratanakornkit V. Sex steroid hormones and DNA repair regulation: Implications on cancer treatment responses. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 227:106230. [PMID: 36450315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of sex steroid hormones (SSHs) has been shown to modulate cancer cytotoxic treatment sensitivity. Dysregulation of DNA repair associated with genomic instability, abnormal cell survival and not only promotes cancer progression but also resistance to cancer treatment. The three major SSHs, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone, have been shown to interact with several essential DNA repair components. The presence of androgens directly regulates key molecules in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Estrogen can promote cell proliferation and DNA repair, allowing cancer cells to tolerate chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Information on the role of progesterone in DNA repair is limited: progesterone interaction with some DNA repair components has been identified, but the biological significance is still unknown. Here, we review the roles of how each SSH affects DNA repair regulation and modulates response to genotoxic therapies and discuss future research that can be beneficial when combining SSHs with cancer therapy. We also provide preliminary analysis from publicly available databases defining the link between progesterone/PR and DDRs & DNA repair regulation that plausibly contribute to chemotherapy response and breast cancer patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pattarasiri Rangsrikitphoti
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Diana C Marquez-Garban
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard J Pietras
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eileen McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Flores-Torres S, Jiang T, Kort-Mascort J, Yang Y, Peza-Chavez O, Pal S, Mainolfi A, Pardo LA, Ferri L, Bertos N, Sangwan V, Kinsella JM. Constructing 3D In Vitro Models of Heterocellular Solid Tumors and Stromal Tissues Using Extrusion-Based Bioprinting. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:542-561. [PMID: 36598339 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumor tissues exhibit inter- and intratumoral heterogeneities, aberrant development, dynamic stromal composition, diverse tissue phenotypes, and cell populations growing within localized mechanical stresses in hypoxic conditions. Experimental tumor models employing engineered systems that isolate and study these complex variables using in vitro techniques are under development as complementary methods to preclinical in vivo models. Here, advances in extrusion bioprinting as an enabling technology to recreate the three-dimensional tumor milieu and its complex heterogeneous characteristics are reviewed. Extrusion bioprinting allows for the deposition of multiple materials, or selected cell types and concentrations, into models based upon physiological features of the tumor. This affords the creation of complex samples with representative extracellular or stromal compositions that replicate the biology of patient tissue. Biomaterial engineering of printable materials that replicate specific features of the tumor microenvironment offer experimental reproducibility, throughput, and physiological relevance compared to animal models. In this review, we describe the potential of extrusion-based bioprinting to recreate the tumor microenvironment within in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Machinery and Instrument, College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | | | - Yun Yang
- Department of Intelligent Machinery and Instrument, College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Omar Peza-Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Sanjima Pal
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Alisia Mainolfi
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lucas Antonio Pardo
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Joseph M Kinsella
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xia L, Liu Y, Cai P, Feng Y, Yuan H, Tang S, Wang YW, Liu N, Chen Y, Zhou Z. Halogen Replacement on the Lysine Side Chain of Lys-Urea-Glu-Based PSMA Inhibitors Leads to Significant Changes in Targeting Properties. Mol Imaging Biol 2023:10.1007/s11307-023-01804-x. [PMID: 36695967 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the impact of various halogens on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of Glu-urea-Lys-based prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors. PROCEDURES Based on the modification of SC691, a small molecule inhibitor of PSMA previously developed by our group, we synthesized 68Ga-labeled compounds by modifying the lysine terminal amino with different halogenated phenyl substituents. After complete characterization, in vitro and in vivo properties were studied. RESULTS The [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R possesses a high radiochemical yield (98-99%). The internalization values of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-H, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-Cl, and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-Br in LNCaP cells all displayed time-dependent pattern enhanced with time. The results of in vitro competitive inhibition assay showed that the affinity of natGa-DOTA-SC691-R for PSMA had a trend of H < F < Cl < Br < I. The blocking imaging and dynamic imaging on micro-PET/CT of male non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice with LNCaP tumors showed the rapid tumor targeting properties of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R with specificity for PSMA. Static imaging of micro-PEC/CT of these compounds could rapidly localize LNCaP tumors with decent image quality (except for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-H). Biodistribution data showed that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R were metabolized via the kidney and tumor accumulation followed the order of H ≈ F ≈ Cl < I < Br uptake values at 1 h. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-Br showed the highest tumor accumulation and retention (15.21 ± 5.57%ID/g at 30 min, 20.39 ± 4.38%ID/g at 60 min, and 13.30 ± 4.39%ID/g at 120 min), which is consistent with the results of the competitive inhibition assay and cell binding assay. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that the halogen substituent on the lysine terminal amino group on the Glu-urea-Lys backbone did positively affect the binding of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-SC691-R to PSMA. The bulkier and less electronegative Br (or I) elements are preferred for structural modifications here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sufan Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Wen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li X, Berk M, Goins C, Alyamani M, Chung YM, Wang C, Patel M, Rathi N, Zhu Z, Willard B, Stauffer S, Klein E, Sharifi N. BMX controls 3βHSD1 and sex steroid biosynthesis in cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163498. [PMID: 36647826 PMCID: PMC9843047 DOI: 10.1172/jci163498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is highly dependent on androgens and the androgen receptor (AR). Hormonal therapies inhibit gonadal testosterone production, block extragonadal androgen biosynthesis, or directly antagonize AR. Resistance to medical castration occurs as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is driven by reactivation of the androgen-AR axis. 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (3βHSD1) serves as the rate-limiting step for potent androgen synthesis from extragonadal precursors, thereby stimulating CRPC. Genetic evidence in men demonstrates the role of 3βHSD1 in driving CRPC. In postmenopausal women, 3βHSD1 is required for synthesis of aromatase substrates and plays an essential role in breast cancer. Therefore, 3βHSD1 lies at a critical junction for the synthesis of androgens and estrogens, and this metabolic flux is regulated through germline-inherited mechanisms. We show that phosphorylation of tyrosine 344 (Y344) occurs and is required for 3βHSD1 cellular activity and generation of Δ4, 3-keto-substrates of 5α-reductase and aromatase, including in patient tissues. BMX directly interacts with 3βHSD1 and is necessary for enzyme phosphorylation and androgen biosynthesis. In vivo blockade of 3βHSD1 Y344 phosphorylation inhibits CRPC. These findings identify what we believe to be new hormonal therapy pharmacologic vulnerabilities for sex-steroid dependent cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | | | - Mohammad Alyamani
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Monaben Patel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Nityam Rathi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
| | | | - Shaun Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Eric Klein
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang B, Qu S, Li X, Ci X, Chang J. Editorial: The development of lethal prostate cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1156392. [PMID: 36895791 PMCID: PMC9989255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1156392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Baotong Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sifeng Qu
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xinpei Ci
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Molecular and metabolic alterations of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives in prostate cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21599. [PMID: 36517571 PMCID: PMC9751122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common tumor in males worldwide. The lack of effective medication and the development of multidrug resistance towards current chemotherapeutic agents urge the need to discover novel compounds and therapeutic targets for PC. Herein, seven synthesized 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one analogues were evaluated for their anticancer activity against PC3 and DU145 cancer cell lines using MTT, scratch-wound healing, adhesion and invasion assays. Besides, a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was followed to identify the biochemical pathways altered in DU145 cancer cells upon exposure to dihydroquinazolin derivatives. The seven compounds showed sufficient cytotoxicity and significantly suppressed DU145 and PC3 migration after 48 and 72 h. C2 and C5 had the most potent effect with IC50 < 15 µM and significantly inhibited PC cell adhesion and invasion. Metabolomics revealed that C5 disturbed the level of metabolites involved in essential processes for cancer cell proliferation, progression and growth including energy production, redox homeostasis, amino acids and polyamine metabolisms and choline phospholipid metabolism. The data presented herein highlighted the importance of these compounds as potential anticancer agents particularly C5, and pointed to the promising role of metabolomics as a new analytical approach to investigate the antiproliferative activity of synthesized compounds and identify new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
19
|
Terrisse S, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Effects of the intestinal microbiota on prostate cancer treatment by androgen deprivation therapy. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2022; 9:202-206. [PMID: 36483309 PMCID: PMC9714294 DOI: 10.15698/mic2022.12.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) can be kept in check by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT, usually with the androgen synthesis inhibitor abiraterone acetate or the androgen receptor antagonist such as enzalutamide) until the tumor evolves to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The transition of hormone-sensitive PC (HSPC) to CPRC has been explained by cancer cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms. Recent data indicate that this transition is also marked by cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms such as the failure of ADT-induced PC immunosurveillance, which depends on the presence of immunostimulatory bacteria in the gut. Moreover, intestinal bacteria that degrade drugs used for ADT, as well as bacteria that produce androgens, can interfere with the efficacy of ADT. Thus, specific bacteria in the gut serve as a source of testosterone, which accelerates prostate cancer progression, and men with CRPC exhibit an increased abundance of such bacteria with androgenic functions. In conclusion, the response of PC to ADT is profoundly influenced by the composition of the microbiota with its immunostimulatory, immunosuppressive and directly ADT-subversive elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Gustave Roussy, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hardaway AL, Goudarzi M, Berk M, Chung YM, Zhang R, Li J, Klein E, Sharifi N. 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Controls Androgen Reduction in Diverse Types of Human Epithelial Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 164:bqac191. [PMID: 36412122 PMCID: PMC9923800 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgens regulate broad physiologic and pathologic processes, including external genitalia development, prostate cancer progression, and anti-inflammatory effects in both cancer and asthma. In prostate cancer, several lines of evidence have implicated dietary and endogenous fatty acids in cell invasion, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. However, the role of fatty acids in steroidogenesis and the mechanisms by which alterations in this pathway occur are not well understood. Here, we show that, of a panel of fatty acids tested, arachidonic acid and its specific metabolite 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) regulate androgen metabolism. Arachidonic acid is metabolized to 5-HETE and reduces androgens by inducing aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family members AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 expression in human prostate, breast, and lung epithelial cells. Finally, we provide evidence that these effects require the expression of the antioxidant response sensor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Our findings identify an interconnection between conventional fatty acid metabolism and steroid metabolism that has broad relevance to androgen physiology and inflammatory regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimalie L Hardaway
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jianneng Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eric Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McManus JM, Vargas R, Bazeley PS, Schumacher FR, Sharifi N. Association Between Adrenal-Restrictive HSD3B1 Inheritance and Hormone-Independent Subtypes of Endometrial and Breast Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkac061. [PMID: 35947687 PMCID: PMC9475354 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The germline variant rs1047303 (HSD3B1[1245A/C]), restricting or enabling production of potent androgens and estrogens from adrenal precursors, affects outcomes of castration-resistant prostate cancer and is associated with estrogen receptor positivity in postmenopausal breast cancer. Like breast cancer, endometrial cancer is another malignancy with hormone-dependent and hormone-independent subtypes. We hypothesized that adrenal-restrictive HSD3B1 genotype would associate with hormone-independent cancer subtypes. METHODS We employed a previously described classification of tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas into genomic clusters. We determined HSD3B1 genotype frequencies by endometrial cancer genomic cluster and calculated the odds per adrenal-restrictive A allele for the largely hormone-independent copy-number (CN) high subtype vs other subtypes. An equivalent analysis was performed for the genomically similar, hormone-independent basal breast cancer subtype. Last, we performed survival analyses for UK Biobank participants with endometrial cancer by HSD3B1 genotype. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS The adrenal-restrictive HSD3B1(1245A) allele was associated with the CN-high endometrial cancer subtype (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14 to 2.32; P = .007). Similarly, HSD3B1(1245A) was associated with the basal breast cancer subtype (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.08; P = .006). In the UK Biobank, endometrial cancer patients homozygous for HSD3B1(1245A) had worse overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.68; P < .001) and cancer-specific (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.70; P = .001) survival, consistent with the A allele being enriched in the more aggressive CN-high subtype. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest roles for adrenal-restrictive vs adrenal-permissive steroidogenesis, by way of rs1047303 genotype, in the development of and/or outcomes from at least 3 commonly hormone-associated types of cancer: prostate, breast, and endometrial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M McManus
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter S Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population Health and Quantitative Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Androgens are essential sex steroid hormones for both sexes. Testosterone (T) is the predominant androgen in males, while in adult females, T concentrations are about 15-fold lower and androgen precursors are converted to estrogens. T is produced primarily in testicular Leydig cells in men, while in women precursors are biosynthesised in the adrenal cortex and ovaries and converted into T in the periphery. The biosynthesis of T occurs via a series of enzymatic reactions in steroidogenic organs. Notably, the more potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone, may be synthesized from T in the classic pathway, however, alternate metabolic pathways also exist. The classic action of androgens on target organs is mediated through the androgen receptor, which regulates nuclear receptor gene transcription. However, the androgen-androgen receptor complex may also interact directly with membrane proteins or signaling molecules to exert more rapid effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge of androgen biosynthesis, mechanisms of action and endocrine effects in human biology, and relates these effects to respective human congenital and acquired disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawda Naamneh Elzenaty
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Therina du Toit
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christa E Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alizadeh-Ghodsi M, Owen KL, Townley SL, Zanker D, Rollin SP, Hanson AR, Shrestha R, Toubia J, Gargett T, Chernukhin I, Luu J, Cowley KJ, Clark A, Carroll JS, Simpson KJ, Winter JM, Lawrence MG, Butler LM, Risbridger GP, Thierry B, Taylor RA, Hickey TE, Parker BS, Tilley WD, Selth LA. Potent Stimulation of the Androgen Receptor Instigates a Viral Mimicry Response in Prostate Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:706-724. [PMID: 36923279 PMCID: PMC10010308 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, with androgen deprivation therapy is a standard-of-care treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Paradoxically, activation of AR can also inhibit the growth of prostate cancer in some patients and experimental systems, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. This study exploited a potent synthetic androgen, methyltestosterone (MeT), to investigate AR agonist-induced growth inhibition. MeT strongly inhibited growth of prostate cancer cells expressing AR, but not AR-negative models. Genes and pathways regulated by MeT were highly analogous to those regulated by DHT, although MeT induced a quantitatively greater androgenic response in prostate cancer cells. MeT potently downregulated DNA methyltransferases, leading to global DNA hypomethylation. These epigenomic changes were associated with dysregulation of transposable element expression, including upregulation of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) transcripts after sustained MeT treatment. Increased ERV expression led to accumulation of double-stranded RNA and a "viral mimicry" response characterized by activation of IFN signaling, upregulation of MHC class I molecules, and enhanced recognition of murine prostate cancer cells by CD8+ T cells. Positive associations between AR activity and ERVs/antiviral pathways were evident in patient transcriptomic data, supporting the clinical relevance of our findings. Collectively, our study reveals that the potent androgen MeT can increase the immunogenicity of prostate cancer cells via a viral mimicry response, a finding that has potential implications for the development of strategies to sensitize this cancer type to immunotherapies. Significance Our study demonstrates that potent androgen stimulation of prostate cancer cells can elicit a viral mimicry response, resulting in enhanced IFN signaling. This finding may have implications for the development of strategies to sensitize prostate cancer to immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Alizadeh-Ghodsi
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katie L. Owen
- Cancer Evolution and Metastasis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott L. Townley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Damien Zanker
- Cancer Evolution and Metastasis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel P.G. Rollin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Adrienne R. Hanson
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Raj Shrestha
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - John Toubia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tessa Gargett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Igor Chernukhin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennii Luu
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karla J. Cowley
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashlee Clark
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kaylene J. Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean M. Winter
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mitchell G. Lawrence
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gail P. Risbridger
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Renea A. Taylor
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Urological Research Alliance (MURAL), Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theresa E. Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Belinda S. Parker
- Cancer Evolution and Metastasis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne D. Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luke A. Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although the basic treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is well established, there are active clinical research projects to more closely mimic the normal diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion and to reduce total glucocorticoid doses to minimize adverse metabolic effects. RECENT FINDINGS We review clinical studies on CAH treatment published in the last 18 months or currently underway according to ClinicalTrials.gov listings. These can be grouped into several broad themes: alternative dosing forms of hydrocortisone with altered pharmacokinetics or easier dose titration; corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists that reduce corticotropin (ACTH) secretion and thereby reduce adrenal androgen secretion; androgen biosynthesis inhibitors; a first clinical trial of a gene therapy vector. SUMMARY Alternative dosing forms of hydrocortisone are, or will shortly be, marketed, but cost may be a barrier to utilization, at least in the US market. Trials of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor antagonists and androgen biosynthesis inhibitors are currently underway. The author believes that trials of gene therapy for CAH are premature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perrin C White
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Professor of Pediatrics, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Copello VA, Burnstein KL. The kinesin KIF20A promotes progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer through autocrine activation of the androgen receptor. Oncogene 2022; 41:2824-2832. [PMID: 35418689 PMCID: PMC9107495 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer that recurs following androgen-deprivation therapy is termed castration-resistant, which is incurable and is marked by reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. KIF20A, a kinesin with unique structural features, is overexpressed in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared to androgen-dependent PC and benign tissue. KIF20A has well-described roles in mitotic processes, but it has a less characterized function in vesicle fission and trafficking within Golgi-driven secretory pathways. Stable expression of KIF20A in androgen-dependent PC cells promoted progression to CRPC through the activation of AR signaling in vitro and in vivo. KIF20A expression resulted in the secretion of autocrine factors in the conditioned media that activated AR and caused castration-resistant proliferation of naïve androgen-dependent cells. Pharmacologic disruption of vesicle biogenesis blocked KIF20A-driven castration-resistant proliferation of androgen-dependent PC. KIF20A depletion or treatment with the KIF20A-specific inhibitor, paprotrain, reduced CRPC. These data are the first to establish KIF20A as a driver of CRPC progression through AR activation and as a promising therapeutic target against CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Copello
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kerry L Burnstein
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marchetti C. Calcium signaling in prostate cancer cells of increasing malignancy. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:156-163. [PMID: 35334188 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling controls a large variety of cell functions, including proliferation and apoptosis, and plays a major role in neoplastic transformation. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men. The transition to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a lethal form that is still lacking an effective cure, could be influenced by fine tuning intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis. This study investigates [Ca2+]i dynamics in metastatic PCa cell lines that mimic the progression of PCa to CRPC: (i) well differentiated LNCaP cells that require androgen for survival, and (ii) poorly differentiated, highly aggressive androgen-insensitive prostate cancer (AIPC) PC3 and DU145 cells. In AIPC cells, ATP induces a fast rise in [Ca2+]i, due to release from intracellular stores and sensitive to phospholipase C inhibitors, while LNCaP cells do not respond to ATP challenge. Moreover, AIPC cells showed a reduced capacity to store Ca2+ in thapsigargin-sensitive stores and limited store-operated calcium entry, with respect to androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Finally, green tea extract causes [Ca2+]i elevation and inhibits proliferation in PC3 and DU145 cells, but is ineffective in LNCaP cells. The consequences of these differences are discussed and interpreted in this study with reference to previously proposed models for Ca2+ dependence of prostate carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marchetti
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hu Y, Qi Q, Zheng Y, Wang H, Zhou J, Hao Z, Meng J, Liang C. Nomogram for predicting the overall survival of patients with early-onset prostate cancer: A population-based retrospective study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3260-3271. [PMID: 35322943 PMCID: PMC9468440 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of early‐onset prostate cancer (PCa) has increased significantly over the past few decades. It is necessary to develop a prognostic nomogram for the prediction of overall survival (OS) in early‐onset PCa patients. Methods A total of 23,730 early‐onset PCa patients (younger than 55 years old) between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled for the current study, and randomly separated into the training cohort and the validation cohort. 361 eligible early‐onset PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas‐Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA‐PRAD) cohort were obtained as the external validation cohort. Independent predictors were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a prognostic nomogram was constructed for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS. The accurate and discriminative abilities of the nomogram were evaluated by the concordance index (C‐index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration plot, net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results Multivariate Cox analysis showed that race, marital status, TNM stage, prostate‐specific antigen, Gleason score, and surgery were significantly associated with poor prognosis of PCa. A nomogram consisting of these variables was established, which had higher C‐indexes than the TNM system (training cohort: 0.831 vs. 0.746, validation cohort: 0.817 vs. 0.752). Better AUCs of the nomogram than the TNM system at 1, 3, and 5 years were found in both the training cohort and the validation cohort. The 3‐year and 5‐year AUCs of the nomogram in the TCGA‐PRAD cohort were 0.723 and 0.679, respectively. The calibration diagram, NRI, and IDI also showed promising prognostic value in OS. Conclusions We developed an effective prognostic nomogram for OS prediction in early‐onset PCa patients, which will further assist both the precise clinical treatment and the assessment of long‐term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiao Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongshun Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hou Z, Huang S, Mei Z, Chen L, Guo J, Gao Y, Zhuang Q, Zhang X, Tan Q, Yang T, Liu Y, Chi Y, Qi L, Jiang T, Shao X, Wu Y, Xu X, Qin J, Ren R, Tang H, Wu D, Li Z. Inhibiting 3βHSD1 to eliminate the oncogenic effects of progesterone in prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100561. [PMID: 35492874 PMCID: PMC9040187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer continuously progresses following deprivation of circulating androgens originating from the testis and adrenal glands, indicating the existence of oncometabolites beyond androgens. In this study, mass-spectrometry-based screening of clinical specimens and a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of prostate cancer patients indicate the potential oncogenic effects of progesterone in patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Physiological levels of progesterone facilitate cell proliferation via GATA2. Inhibitors of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) has been discovered and shown to suppress the generation of progesterone, eliminating its transient and accumulating oncogenic effects. An increase in progesterone is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients and may be used as a predictive biomarker. Overall, we demonstrate that progesterone acts as an oncogenic hormone in prostate cancer, and strategies to eliminate its oncogenic effects may benefit prostate cancer patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical AR signaling Progesterone of physiological levels exerts its chronic oncogenic effect via GATA2 Targeting 3βHSD1 to suppress progesterone synthesis blocks its oncogenic effects Serum progesterone might be a predictive biomarker for abiraterone response
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zejie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yongnan Chi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lifengrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Xuefeng Shao
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Roles of enhancer RNAs in sex hormone-dependent cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:293-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
30
|
Fidelito G, Watt MJ, Taylor RA. Personalized Medicine for Prostate Cancer: Is Targeting Metabolism a Reality? Front Oncol 2022; 11:778761. [PMID: 35127483 PMCID: PMC8813754 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.778761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer invokes major shifts in gene transcription and metabolic signaling to mediate alterations in nutrient acquisition and metabolic substrate selection when compared to normal tissues. Exploiting such metabolic reprogramming is proposed to enable the development of targeted therapies for prostate cancer, yet there are several challenges to overcome before this becomes a reality. Herein, we outline the role of several nutrients known to contribute to prostate tumorigenesis, including fatty acids, glucose, lactate and glutamine, and discuss the major factors contributing to variability in prostate cancer metabolism, including cellular heterogeneity, genetic drivers and mutations, as well as complexity in the tumor microenvironment. The review draws from original studies employing immortalized prostate cancer cells, as well as more complex experimental models, including animals and humans, that more accurately reflect the complexity of the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In synthesizing this information, we consider the feasibility and potential limitations of implementing metabolic therapies for prostate cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gio Fidelito
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Renea A. Taylor, ; Matthew J. Watt,
| | - Renea A. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Renea A. Taylor, ; Matthew J. Watt,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Claahsen - van der Grinten HL, Speiser PW, Ahmed SF, Arlt W, Auchus RJ, Falhammar H, Flück CE, Guasti L, Huebner A, Kortmann BBM, Krone N, Merke DP, Miller WL, Nordenström A, Reisch N, Sandberg DE, Stikkelbroeck NMML, Touraine P, Utari A, Wudy SA, White PC. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia-Current Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Management. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:91-159. [PMID: 33961029 PMCID: PMC8755999 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting cortisol biosynthesis. Reduced activity of an enzyme required for cortisol production leads to chronic overstimulation of the adrenal cortex and accumulation of precursors proximal to the blocked enzymatic step. The most common form of CAH is caused by steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to mutations in CYP21A2. Since the last publication summarizing CAH in Endocrine Reviews in 2000, there have been numerous new developments. These include more detailed understanding of steroidogenic pathways, refinements in neonatal screening, improved diagnostic measurements utilizing chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled with steroid profiling, and improved genotyping methods. Clinical trials of alternative medications and modes of delivery have been recently completed or are under way. Genetic and cell-based treatments are being explored. A large body of data concerning long-term outcomes in patients affected by CAH, including psychosexual well-being, has been enhanced by the establishment of disease registries. This review provides the reader with current insights in CAH with special attention to these new developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phyllis W Speiser
- Cohen Children’s Medical Center of NY, Feinstein Institute, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Intitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christa E Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Angela Huebner
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Paediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara B M Kortmann
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Amalia Childrens Hospital, Department of Pediatric Urology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Krone
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Deborah P Merke
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Walter L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Reproductive Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anna Nordenström
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Reisch
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - David E Sandberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, Center for Rare Gynecological Diseases, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Agustini Utari
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research & Mass Spectrometry Unit, Laboratory of Translational Hormone Analytics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Perrin C White
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Network models of prostate cancer immune microenvironments identify ROMO1 as heterogeneity and prognostic marker. Sci Rep 2022; 12:192. [PMID: 34996995 PMCID: PMC8741951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men worldwide. Its treatment remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of the tumor, mainly because of the lack of effective and targeted prognostic markers at the system biology level. First, the data were retrieved from TCGA dataset, and valid samples were obtained by consistent clustering and principal component analysis; next, key genes were analyzed for prognosis of PCa using WGCNA, MEGENA, and LASSO Cox regression model analysis, while key genes were screened based on disease-free survival significance. Finally, TIMER data were selected to explore the relationship between genes and tumor immune infiltration, and GSCAlite was used to explore the small-molecule targeted drugs that act with them. Here, we used tumor subtype analysis and an energetic co-expression network algorithm of WGCNA and MEGENA to identify a signal dominated by the ROMO1 to predict PCa prognosis. Cox regression analysis of ROMO1 was an independent influence, and the prognostic value of this biomarker was validated in the training set, the validated data itself, and external data, respectively. This biomarker correlates with tumor immune infiltration and has a high degree of infiltration, poor prognosis, and strong correlation with CD8+T cells. Gene function annotation and other analyses also implied a potential molecular mechanism for ROMO1. In conclusion, we putative ROMO1 as a portal key prognostic gene for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, which provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
Collapse
|
33
|
Koistinen H, Künnapuu J, Jeltsch M. KLK3 in the Regulation of Angiogenesis-Tumorigenic or Not? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413545. [PMID: 34948344 PMCID: PMC8704207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this focused review, we address the role of the kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), also known as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), in the regulation of angiogenesis. Early studies suggest that KLK3 is able to inhibit angiogenic processes, which is most likely dependent on its proteolytic activity. However, more recent evidence suggests that KLK3 may also have an opposite role, mediated by the ability of KLK3 to activate the (lymph)angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D, further discussed in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koistinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Jaana Künnapuu
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gu Y, Xue M, Wang Q, Hong X, Wang X, Zhou F, Sun J, Wang G, Peng Y. Novel Strategy of Proxalutamide for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer through Coordinated Blockade of Lipogenesis and Androgen Receptor Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413222. [PMID: 34948018 PMCID: PMC8704202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor diagnosed in men in developed countries. In developing countries, the PCa morbidity and mortality rates are also increasing rapidly. Since androgen receptor (AR) is a key driver and plays a critical role in the regulation of PCa development, AR-targeted agents provide a key component of current therapy regimens. However, even new-generation AR antagonists are prone to drug resistance, and there is currently no effective strategy for overcoming advanced PCa aggressiveness, including drug-resistance progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy and novel therapy strategy of proxalutamide (a newly developed AR antagonist) in PCa. Methods: Four PCa cell lines with various biological heterogeneities were utilized in this study, namely, androgen-sensitive/-insensitive with/without AR expression. Proliferation, migration and apoptosis assays in PCa cells were used to evaluate the effective therapeutic activity of proxalutamide. The changes in lipid droplet accumulation and lipidomic profiles were analyzed to determine the influence of proxalutamide on lipogenesis in PCa cells. The molecular basis of the effects of proxalutamide on lipogenesis and the AR axis was then further investigated. Results: Proxalutamide significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PCa cells, and its inhibitory effect was superior to that of enzalutamide (Enz, second-generation AR antagonist). Proxalutamide induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis of PCa cells. Proxalutamide significantly diminished the level of lipid droplets in PCa cells, changed the lipid profile of PCa cells and reduced the content of most lipids (especially triglycerides) in PCa cells. Proxalutamide attenuated de novo lipogenesis by inhibiting the expression of ATP citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1). Moreover, proxalutamide also decreased AR expression in PCa cells, and its inhibitory effect on lipogenesis did not depend on its ability to down-regulate AR expression. However, Enz had no effect on AR expression, lipid accumulation or lipid de novo synthesis in PCa cells. Conclusions: By co-targeting the AR axis and endogenous adipogenesis, a novel and promising strategy was established for proxalutamide to combat the progress of PCa. The unique effect of proxalutamide on the metabolic reprogramming of PCa provides a potential solution to overcome the resistance of current AR-targeted therapy, which will help to effectively prolong its clinical service life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Peng
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-25-83271176; Fax: +86-25-83271060
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khalil NA, Ahmed EM, Zaher AF, Sobh EA, El-Sebaey SA, El-Zoghbi MS. New benzothieno[2,3- c]pyridines as non-steroidal CYP17 inhibitors: design, synthesis, anticancer screening, apoptosis induction, and in silico ADME profile studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1839-1859. [PMID: 34338119 PMCID: PMC8330742 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1958212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of [1]benzothieno[2,3-c]pyridines was synthesised. Most compounds were chosen by NCI-USA to evaluate their anticancer activity. Compounds 5a-c showed prominent growth inhibition against most cell lines. 5c was selected at five dose concentration levels. It exhibited potent broad-spectrum anticancer activity with a GI50 of 4 nM-37 µM. Cytotoxicity of 5a-c was further evaluated against prostate, renal, and breast cancer cell lines. 5c showed double and quadruple the activity of staurosporine and abiraterone, respectively, against the PC-3 cell line with IC50 2.08 µM. The possible mechanism of anti-prostate cancer was explored via measuring the CYP17 enzyme activity in mice prostate cancer models compared to abiraterone. The results revealed that 5c suppressed the CYP17 enzyme to 15.80 nM. Moreover, it was found to be equipotent to abiraterone in testosterone production. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were performed. Additionally, the ADME profile of compound 5c demonstrated both good oral bioavailability and metabolic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A. Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F. Zaher
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Sobh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Samiha A. El-Sebaey
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S. El-Zoghbi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prete A, Auchus RJ, Ross RJ. Clinical advances in the pharmacotherapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 186:R1-R14. [PMID: 34735372 PMCID: PMC8679847 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21OHD-CAH) have poor health outcomes with increased mortality, short stature, impaired fertility, and increased cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity. To address this, there are therapies in development that target the clinical goal of treatment, which is to control excess androgens with an adrenal replacement dose of glucocorticoid. METHODS Narrative review of publications on recent clinical developments in the pharmacotherapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. SUMMARY Therapies in clinical development target different levels of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Two corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonists, Crinecerfont and Tildacerfont, have been trialled in poorly controlled 21OHD-CAH patients, and both reduced ACTH and androgen biomarkers while patients were on stable glucocorticoid replacement. Improvements in glucocorticoid replacement include replacing the circadian rhythm of cortisol that has been trialled with continuous s.c. infusion of hydrocortisone and Chronocort, a delayed-release hydrocortisone formulation. Chronocort optimally controlled 21OHD-CAH in 80% of patients on an adrenal replacement dose of hydrocortisone, which was associated with patient-reported benefits including restoration of menses and pregnancies. Adrenal-targeted therapies include the steroidogenesis-blocking drug Abiraterone acetate, which reduced adrenal androgen biomarkers in poorly controlled patients. CONCLUSIONS CRF1 receptor antagonists hold promise to avoid excess glucocorticoid replacement in patients not controlled on standard or circadian glucocorticoid replacement such as Chronocort. Gene and cell therapies are the only therapeutic approaches that could potentially correct both cortisol deficiency and androgen excess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Prete
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard J Ross
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to R J Ross;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Type I Interferon Promotes Antitumor T Cell Response in CRPC by Regulating MDSC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215574. [PMID: 34771735 PMCID: PMC8582786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite initial tumor regression following androgen blockade treatment, relapse of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually occurs in most patients. Immunotherapy aims to activate the host immune system to fight against cancer and has achieved significant therapeutic effects in various solid tumors. The purpose of our research was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the immune response during CRPC development and to screen effective immunotherapies against CRPC. We found that interferon-α (IFNα) directly inhibited the progression of CRPC, reduced the accumulation of the immune suppressive granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and impaired the inhibitory function of G-MDSCs on T cell activation. This research provides a potential strategy for the clinical treatment of CRPC. Abstract Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the leading cause of death among prostate cancer patients. Here, our aim was to ascertain the immune regulatory mechanisms involved in CRPC development and identify potential immunotherapies against CRPC. Methods: A CRPC model was established using Myc-CaP cells in immune-competent FVB mice following castration. The immune cell profile of the tumor microenvironment (TME) was analyzed during CRPC development. Different immunotherapies were screened in the CRPC tumor model, and their efficacies and underlying mechanisms were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: During CRPC development, the proportion of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in the TME increased. Among the immunotherapies tested, IFNα was more effective than anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-4-1BB, IL-2, and IL-9 in reducing Myc-CaP CRPC tumor growth. IFNα reduced the number of G-MDSCs both in vitro during differentiation and in vivo in CRPC mice. Furthermore, IFNα reduced the suppressive function of G-MDSCs on T cell proliferation and activation. Conclusion: G-MDSCs are crucial to effective immunotherapy against CRPC. Treatment with IFNα presents a promising therapeutic strategy against CRPC. Besides the direct inhibition of tumor growth and the promotion of T cell priming, IFNα reduces the number and the suppressive function of G-MDSCs and restores T cell activation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tice RR, Bassan A, Amberg A, Anger LT, Beal MA, Bellion P, Benigni R, Birmingham J, Brigo A, Bringezu F, Ceriani L, Crooks I, Cross K, Elespuru R, Faulkner DM, Fortin MC, Fowler P, Frericks M, Gerets HHJ, Jahnke GD, Jones DR, Kruhlak NL, Lo Piparo E, Lopez-Belmonte J, Luniwal A, Luu A, Madia F, Manganelli S, Manickam B, Mestres J, Mihalchik-Burhans AL, Neilson L, Pandiri A, Pavan M, Rider CV, Rooney JP, Trejo-Martin A, Watanabe-Sailor KH, White AT, Woolley D, Myatt GJ. In Silico Approaches In Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Current Status and Future Needs. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 20. [PMID: 35368437 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, identifying carcinogens has relied primarily on tumor studies in rodents, which require enormous resources in both money and time. In silico models have been developed for predicting rodent carcinogens but have not yet found general regulatory acceptance, in part due to the lack of a generally accepted protocol for performing such an assessment as well as limitations in predictive performance and scope. There remains a need for additional, improved in silico carcinogenicity models, especially ones that are more human-relevant, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. As part of an international effort to develop in silico toxicological protocols, a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries and governmental agencies evaluated the extent to which in silico models exist for each of the recently defined 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens. This position paper summarizes the current status of in silico tools for the assessment of each KC and identifies the data gaps that need to be addressed before a comprehensive in silico carcinogenicity protocol can be developed for regulatory use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tice
- RTice Consulting, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278, USA
| | | | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi Preclinical Safety, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marc A Beal
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Birmingham
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lidia Ceriani
- Humane Society International, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, GR&D Centre, Southampton, SO15 8TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David M Faulkner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08855, USA
| | - Paul Fowler
- FSTox Consulting (Genetic Toxicology), Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Juan Lopez-Belmonte
- Cuts Ice Ltd Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- North American Science Associates (NAMSA) Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55426, USA
| | - Alice Luu
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Jordi Mestres
- IMIM Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and Chemotargets SL, Baldiri Reixac 4, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Louise Neilson
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Oak Tree House, Earby, Lancashire, BB18 6JZ United Kingdom
| | - Arun Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC., Morrisville, North Carolina, 27560, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe-Sailor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, 85306, USA
| | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kruse ML, Patel M, McManus J, Chung YM, Li X, Wei W, Bazeley PS, Nakamura F, Hardaway A, Downs E, Chandarlapaty S, Thomas M, Moore HC, Budd GT, Tang WHW, Hazen SL, Bernstein A, Nik-Zainal S, Abraham J, Sharifi N. Adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 genetic inheritance and risk of estrogen-driven postmenopausal breast cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150403. [PMID: 34520399 PMCID: PMC8564898 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics of estrogen synthesis and breast cancer risk has been elusive. The 1245A→C missense-encoding polymorphism in HSD3B1, which is common in White populations, is functionally adrenal permissive and increases synthesis of the aromatase substrate androstenedione. We hypothesized that homozygous inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) is associated with postmenopausal estrogen receptor–positive (ER-positive) breast cancer. METHODS A prospective study of postmenopausal ER-driven breast cancer was done for determination of HSD3B1 and circulating steroids. Validation was performed in 2 other cohorts. Adrenal-permissive genotype frequency was compared between postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer, the general population, and postmenopausal ER-negative breast cancer. RESULTS Prospective and validation studies had 157 and 538 patients, respectively, for the primary analysis of genotype frequency by ER status in White female breast cancer patients who were postmenopausal at diagnosis. The adrenal-permissive genotype frequency in postmenopausal White women with estrogen-driven breast cancer in the prospective cohort was 17.5% (21/120) compared with 5.4% (2/37) for ER-negative breast cancer (P = 0.108) and 9.6% (429/4451) in the general population (P = 0.0077). Adrenal-permissive genotype frequency for estrogen-driven postmenopausal breast cancer was validated using Cambridge and The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets: 14.4% (56/389) compared with 6.0% (9/149) for ER-negative breast cancer (P = 0.007) and the general population (P = 0.005). Circulating androstenedione concentration was higher with the adrenal-permissive genotype (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Adrenal-permissive genotype is associated with estrogen-driven postmenopausal breast cancer. These findings link genetic inheritance of endogenous estrogen exposure to estrogen-driven breast cancer. FUNDING National Cancer Institute, NIH (R01CA236780, R01CA172382, and P30-CA008748); and Prostate Cancer Foundation Challenge Award.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Kruse
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Mona Patel
- GU Malignancies Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Jeffrey McManus
- GU Malignancies Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- GU Malignancies Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- GU Malignancies Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Wei Wei
- Cancer Biostatistics Section, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Peter S Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute; and
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- GU Malignancies Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Aimalie Hardaway
- GU Malignancies Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute
| | - Erinn Downs
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mathew Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Halle Cf Moore
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - George T Budd
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, and Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron Bernstein
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jame Abraham
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute.,GU Malignancies Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moon HH, Clines KL, O'Day PJ, Al-Barghouthi BM, Farber EA, Farber CR, Auchus RJ, Clines GA. Osteoblasts Generate Testosterone From DHEA and Activate Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1566-1579. [PMID: 33900658 PMCID: PMC8565089 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a complication of prostate cancer in up to 90% of men afflicted with advanced disease. Therapies that reduce androgen exposure remain at the forefront of treatment. However, most prostate cancers transition to a state whereby reducing testicular androgen action becomes ineffective. A common mechanism of this transition is intratumoral production of testosterone (T) using the adrenal androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) through enzymatic conversion by 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3βHSD and 17βHSD). Given the ability of prostate cancer to form blastic metastases in bone, we hypothesized that osteoblasts might be a source of androgen synthesis. RNA expression analyses of murine osteoblasts and human bone confirmed that at least one 3βHSD and 17βHSD enzyme isoform was expressed, suggesting that osteoblasts are capable of generating androgens from adrenal DHEA. Murine osteoblasts were treated with 100 nM and 1 μM DHEA or vehicle control. Conditioned media from these osteoblasts were assayed for intermediate and active androgens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. As DHEA was consumed, the androgen intermediates androstenediol and androstenedione were generated and subsequently converted to T. Conditioned media of DHEA-treated osteoblasts increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production, and cell numbers of the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B and LNCaP. DHEA did not induce AR signaling in osteoblasts despite AR expression in this cell type. We describe an unreported function of osteoblasts as a source of T that is especially relevant during androgen-responsive metastatic prostate cancer invasion into bone. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry H Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katrina L Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick J O'Day
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Emily A Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Departments of Public Health Sciences, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard J Auchus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Endocrinology & Metabolism Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Endocrinology & Metabolism Section, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pencina KM, Burnett AL, Storer TW, Guo W, Li Z, Kibel AS, Huang G, Blouin M, Berry DL, Basaria S, Bhasin S. A Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (OPK-88004) in Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2171-2186. [PMID: 34019661 PMCID: PMC8277210 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deficiency is common among prostate cancer survivors, but many guidelines consider history of prostate cancer a contraindication for testosterone replacement. We determined the safety and efficacy of a selective androgen receptor modulator (OPK-88004) in symptomatic, testosterone-deficient men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for low-grade, organ-confined prostate cancer. METHODS In this placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial, 114 men, ≥19 years of age, who had undergone radical prostatectomy for low-grade, organ-localized prostate cancer, undetectable PSA (<0.1 ng/mL) for ≥2 years after radical prostatectomy and testosterone deficiency were randomized in stages to placebo or 1, 5, or 15 mg OPK-88004 daily for 12 weeks. Outcomes included PSA recurrence, sexual activity, sexual desire, erectile function, body composition, muscle strength and physical function measures, mood, fatigue, and bone markers. RESULTS Participants were on average 67.5 years of age and had severe sexual dysfunction (mean erectile function and sexual desire domain scores 7.3 and 14.6, respectively). No participant experienced PSA recurrence or erythrocytosis. OPK-88004 was associated with a dose-related increase in whole-body (P < 0.001) and appendicular (P < 0.001) lean mass and a significantly greater decrease in percent body fat (P < 0.001) and serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001) than placebo. Changes in sexual activity, sexual desire, erectile function, mood, fatigue, physical performance, and bone markers did not differ among groups (P = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS Administration of OPK-88004 was safe and not associated with PSA recurrence in androgen-deficient men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for organ-confined prostate cancer. OPK-88004 increased lean body mass and decreased fat mass but did not improve sexual symptoms or physical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol M Pencina
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas W Storer
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace Huang
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Blouin
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna L Berry
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shehzad Basaria
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Shalender Bhasin, MB, BS, Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Differential but Concerted Expression of HSD17B2, HSD17B3, SHBG and SRD5A1 Testosterone Tetrad Modulate Therapy Response and Susceptibility to Disease Relapse in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143478. [PMID: 34298692 PMCID: PMC8303483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the last two decades, our improved understanding of the pathobiology of androgen-addicted prostate cancer (PCa), and documented therapeutic advances/breakthroughs have not translated into any substantial or sustained curative benefit for patients treated with traditional ADT or novel immune checkpoint blockade therapeutics. This is invariably connected with the peculiar biology and intratumoral heterogeneity of PCa. Castration-resistant PCa, constituting ~30% of all PCa, remains a clinically enigmatic and therapeutically challenging disease sub-type, that is therapy-refractory and characterized by high risk for recurrence after initial response. Our findings highlight the role and exploitability of testosterone metabolic reprogramming in prostate TME for patient stratification and personalized/precision medicine based on the differential but concerted expression of molecular components of the proposed testosterone tetrad in patients with therapy-refractory, locally advanced, or recurrent PCa. The therapeutic exploitability and clinical feasibility of our proposed approach is suggested by our preclinical findings. Abstract Background: Testosterone plays a critical role in prostate development and pathology. However, the impact of the molecular interplay between testosterone-associated genes on therapy response and susceptibility to disease relapse in PCa patients remains underexplored. Objective: This study investigated the role of dysregulated or aberrantly expressed testosterone-associated genes in the enhanced dissemination, phenoconversion, and therapy response of treatment-resistant advanced or recurrent PCa. Methods: Employing a combination of multi-omics big data analyses, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays, we assessed the probable roles of HSD17B2, HSD17B3, SHBG, and SRD5A1-mediated testosterone metabolism in the progression, therapy response, and prognosis of advanced or castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Results: Our bioinformatics-aided gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical staining showed that the aberrant expression of the HSD17B2, HSD17B3, SHBG, and SRD5A1 testosterone metabolic tetrad characterize androgen-driven PCa and is associated with disease progression. Reanalysis of the TCGA PRAD cohort (n = 497) showed that patients with SRD5A1-dominant high expression of the tetrad exhibited worse mid-term to long-term (≥5 years) overall survival, with a profoundly shorter time to recurrence, compared to those with low expression. More so, we observed a strong association between enhanced HSD17B2/SRD5A1 signaling and metastasis to distant lymph nodes (M1a) and bones (M1b), while upregulated HSD17B3/SHBG signaling correlated more with negative metastasis (M0) status. Interestingly, increased SHBG/SRD5A1 ratio was associated with metastasis to distant organs (M1c), while elevated SRD5A1/SHBG ratio was associated with positive biochemical recurrence (BCR) status, and shorter time to BCR. Molecular enrichment and protein–protein connectivity network analyses showed that the androgenic tetrad regulates testosterone metabolism and cross-talks with modulators of drug response, effectors of cell cycle progression, proliferation or cell motility, and activators/mediators of cancer stemness. Moreover, of clinical relevance, SHBG ectopic expression (SHBG_OE) or SRD5A1 knockout (sgSRD5A1) induced the acquisition of spindle fibroblastoid morphology by the round/polygonal metastatic PC-3 and LNCaP cells, attenuated their migration and invasion capability, and significantly suppressed their ability to form primary or secondary tumorspheres, with concomitant downregulation of stemness KLF4, OCT3/4, and drug resistance ABCC1, ABCB1 proteins expression levels. We also showed that metronomic dutasteride synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of low-dose docetaxel, in vitro, and in vivo. Conclusion: These data provide proof of concept that re-reprogramming of testosterone metabolism through “SRD5A1 withdrawal” or “SHBG induction” is a workable therapeutic strategy for shutting down androgen-driven oncogenic signals, reversing treatment resistance, and repressing the metastatic/recurrent phenotypes of patients with PCa.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li J, Berk M, Alyamani M, Sabharwal N, Goins C, Alvarado J, Baratchian M, Zhu Z, Stauffer S, Klein EA, Sharifi N. Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase blockade reverses prostate cancer drug resistance in xenograft models by glucocorticoid inactivation. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/595/eabe8226. [PMID: 34039740 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer resistance to next-generation hormonal treatment with enzalutamide is a major problem and eventuates into disease lethality. Biologically active glucocorticoids that stimulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have an 11β-OH moiety, and resistant tumors exhibit loss of 11β-HSD2, the oxidative (11β-OH → 11-keto) enzyme that normally inactivates glucocorticoids, allowing elevated tumor glucocorticoids to drive resistance by stimulating GR. Here, we show that up-regulation of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) protein occurs in prostate cancer tissues of men treated with enzalutamide, human-derived cell lines, and patient-derived prostate tissues treated ex vivo with enzalutamide. Genetically silencing H6PD blocks NADPH generation, which inhibits the usual reductive directionality of 11β-HSD1, to effectively replace 11β-HSD2 function in human-derived cell line models, suppress the concentration of biologically active glucocorticoids in prostate cancer, and reverse enzalutamide resistance in mouse xenograft models. Similarly, pharmacologic blockade of H6PD with rucaparib normalizes tumor glucocorticoid metabolism in human cell lines and reinstates responsiveness to enzalutamide in mouse xenograft models. Our data show that blockade of H6PD, which is essential for glucocorticoid synthesis in humans, normalizes glucocorticoid metabolism and reverses enzalutamide resistance in mouse xenograft models. We credential H6PD as a pharmacologic vulnerability for treatment of next-generation androgen receptor antagonist-resistant prostate cancer by depleting tumor glucocorticoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianneng Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohammad Alyamani
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Navin Sabharwal
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Christopher Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mehdi Baratchian
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shaun Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. .,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bernhardt R, Neunzig J. Underestimated reactions and regulation patterns of adrenal cytochromes P450. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111237. [PMID: 33722664 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) systems including the adrenal ones are being investigated since many years, there are still reactions and regulation patterns that have been underestimated ever since. This review discusses neglected ones to bring them into the focus of investigators working in the field. Novel substrates and reactions described for adrenal CYPs recently point to the fact that different from what has been believed for many years, adrenal CYPs are less selective than previously thought. The conversion of steroid sulfates, intermediates of steroid biosynthesis as well as of exogenous compounds are being discussed here in more detail and consequences for further studies are drawn. Furthermore, it was shown that protein-protein interactions may have an important effect not only on the activity of adrenal CYPs, but also on the product pattern of the reactions. It was found that, as expected, the stoichiometry of CYP:redox partner plays an important role for tuning the activity. In addition, competition between different CYPs for the redox partner and for electrons and possible alterations by mutants in the efficiency of electron transfer play an important role for the activity and product pattern. Moreover, the influence of phosphorylation and small charged molecules like natural polyamines on the activity of adrenal systems has been demonstrated in-vitro indicating a possible regulation of adrenal CYP reactions by affecting redox partner recognition and binding affinity. Finally, an effect of the genetic background on the consequences of mutations in adrenal CYPs found in patients was suggested from corresponding in-vitro studies indicating that a different genetic background might be able to significantly affect the activity of a CYP mutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bernhardt
- Department of Biochemistry, Campus B2.2, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Campus A2.4, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hou Z, Yang T, Mei Z, Zhang S, Gao Y, Chen X, Tan Q, Zhu X, Xu C, Lian J, Bian C, Liu Y, Le W, Hydyr N, Wu D, Chen L, Huang S, Li Z. Tracing steroidogenesis in prostate biopsy samples to unveil prostate tissue androgen metabolism characteristics and potential clinical application. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105859. [PMID: 33677016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are essential for prostate cancer development. However, steroidogenesis has mainly been investigated in a limited number of prostate cancer cell lines, leading to varied conclusions and elusive clinical significance. Here, we established an ex vivo research platform with fresh biopsy samples transiently cultured with tritium- labelled androgens to trace steroidogenesis in prostate tissues and investigate its potential clinical application. DHEA was confirmed as the major precursor for androgen synthesis in the prostate. Significant amounts of oxidized DHEA and 5α-androstanedione were generated from DHEA in prostate biopsy samples. Prostatic steroidogenesis was independent of other clinical factors. Furthermore, prostatic steroidogenesis was suppressed after androgen deprivation therapy but increased upon treatment resistance, indicating that prostatic steroidogenesis was affected by clinical treatments. Overall, we provide an accessible research platform to characterize steroidogenesis in prostate tissue and indicate the correlation between prostatic steroidogenesis and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zejie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Si Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xuyou Zhu
- Department of pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Chengdang Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jianpo Lian
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Cuidong Bian
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei Le
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Nazarov Hydyr
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of gonadal testosterone deprivation in the 1940s and therefore firmly established the concept that prostate cancer is a highly androgen-dependent disease. Since that time, hormonal therapy has undergone iterative advancement, from the types of gonadal testosterone deprivation to modalities that block the generation of adrenal and other extragonadal androgens, to those that directly bind and inhibit the androgen receptor (AR). The clinical states of prostate cancer are the product of a superimposition of these therapies with nonmetastatic advanced prostate cancer, as well as frankly metastatic disease. Today's standard of care for advanced prostate cancer includes gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (e.g., leuprolide), second-generation nonsteroidal AR antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) and the androgen biosynthesis inhibitor abiraterone. The purpose of this review is to provide an assessment of hormonal therapies for the various clinical states of prostate cancer. The advancement of today's standard of care will require an accounting of an individual's androgen physiology that also has recently recognized germline determinants of peripheral androgen metabolism, which include HSD3B1 inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Desai
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey M McManus
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
CPT1A Over-Expression Increases Reactive Oxygen Species in the Mitochondria and Promotes Antioxidant Defenses in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113431. [PMID: 33218188 PMCID: PMC7709014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second highest contributor to cancer deaths. Targeting lipid catabolism enzymes in PCa may offer new avenues for therapeutic approaches. During the last decade, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1A) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for a growing list of cancers. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that excess CPT1A plays a key role in supporting adaptation to stress and antioxidant defense production in PCa cells. Specifically, we have studied molecular differences between CPT1A gain and loss of function models, revealing genetic and metabolic vulnerabilities that could be targeted to avoid progression to neuroendocrine differentiation, a lethal form of the disease. Examining public datasets, we have also found that excess CPT1A expression leads to worse progression-free survival in PCa patients. Abstract Cancers reprogram their metabolism to adapt to environmental changes. In this study, we examined the consequences of altered expression of the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1A) in prostate cancer (PCa) cell models. Using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we compared LNCaP-C4-2 cell lines with depleted (knockdown (KD)) or increased (overexpression (OE)) CPT1A expression. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured. Transcriptomic analysis identified ER stress, serine biosynthesis and lipid catabolism as significantly upregulated pathways in the OE versus KD cells. On the other hand, androgen response was significantly downregulated in OE cells. These changes associated with increased acyl-carnitines, serine synthesis and glutathione precursors in OE cells. Unexpectedly, OE cells showed increased mitochondrial ROS but when challenged with fatty acids and no androgens, the Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) enzyme increased in the OE cells, suggesting better antioxidant defenses with excess CPT1A expression. Public databases also showed decreased androgen response correlation with increased serine-related metabolism in advanced PCa. Lastly, worse progression free survival was observed with increased lipid catabolism and decreased androgen response. Excess CPT1A is associated with a ROS-mediated stress phenotype that can support PCa disease progression. This study provides a rationale for targeting lipid catabolic pathways for therapy in hormonal cancers.
Collapse
|
48
|
Uo T, Sprenger CC, Plymate SR. Androgen Receptor Signaling and Metabolic and Cellular Plasticity During Progression to Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:580617. [PMID: 33163409 PMCID: PMC7581990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.580617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is associated with re/activation and antagonism of androgen receptor (AR) signaling that drives prostate cancer (PCa) progression to castration resistance, respectively. In particular, AR signaling influences the fates of citrate that uniquely characterizes normal and malignant prostatic metabolism (i.e., mitochondrial export and extracellular secretion in normal prostate, mitochondrial retention and oxidation to support oxidative phenotype of primary PCa, and extra-mitochondrial interconversion into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis and epigenetics in the advanced PCa). The emergence of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) involves reactivation of AR signaling, which is then further targeted by androgen synthesis inhibitors (abiraterone) and AR-ligand inhibitors (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and daroglutamide). However, based on AR dependency, two distinct metabolic and cellular adaptations contribute to development of resistance to these agents and progression to aggressive and lethal disease, with the tumor ultimately becoming highly glycolytic and with imaging by a tracer of tumor energetics, 18F-fluorodoxyglucose (18F-FDG). Another major resistance mechanism involves a lineage alteration into AR-indifferent carcinoma such a neuroendocrine which is diagnostically characterized by robust 18F-FDG uptake and loss of AR signaling. PCa is also characterized by metabolic alterations such as fatty acid and polyamine metabolism depending on AR signaling. In some cases, AR targeting induces rather than suppresses these alterations in cellular metabolism and energetics, which can be explored as therapeutic targets in lethal CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Uo
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cynthia C Sprenger
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Khalaf D, Aragón I, Annala M, Lozano R, Taavitsainen S, Lorente D, Finch D, Romero-Laorden N, Vergidis J, Cendón Y, Oja C, Pacheco M, Zulfiqar M, Gleave M, Wyatt A, Olmos D, Chi K, Castro E, Almagro E, Arranz J, Billalabeitia E, Borrega P, Castro E, Contreras J, Domenech M, Escribano R, Fernández-Parra E, Gallardo E, García-Carbonero I, García R, Garde J, González del Alba A, González B, Hernández A, Hernando S, Jiménez P, Laínez N, Lorente D, Luque R, Martínez E, Medina A, Méndez-Vidal M, Montesa A, Morales R, Olmos David, Pérez-Gracia J, Pérez-Valderrama B, Pinto Á, Piulats J, Puente J, Querol R, Rodríguez-Vida A, Romero-Laorden N, Sáez M, Vázquez S, Vélez E, Villa-Guzmán J, Villatoro R, Zambrana C. HSD3B1 (1245A>C) germline variant and clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone and enzalutamide: results from two prospective studies. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1186-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
50
|
Nanni S, Bacci L, Aiello A, Re A, Salis C, Grassi C, Pontecorvi A, Gaetano C, Farsetti A. Signaling through estrogen receptors modulates long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110864. [PMID: 32413384 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a sex-steroid hormone-dependent cancer in which estrogens play a critical role in both initiation and progression. Recently, several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with PCa and are supposedly playing a pivotal role in the biology and progression of this type of cancer. In this review, we focused on some lncRNAs that are known for their androgen and estrogen transcriptional responsiveness in PCa. Specifically, we summarized recent pieces of evidence about lncRNAs NEAT1, H19, MALAT1, and HOTAIR, in estrogen signaling, emphasizing their role in PCa progression and the acquisition of a castration-resistant phenotype. Here, the reader will find information about lncRNAs present in estrogen-dependent transcriptional complexes. The potential role of lncRNA/estrogen signaling as a novel pathway for PCa treatment will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nanni
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Bacci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Aurora Aiello
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti" (IASI), National Research Council (CNR), 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Re
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti" (IASI), National Research Council (CNR), 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Salis
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti" (IASI), National Research Council (CNR), 00185, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|