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Bakhtiari S, Asri N, Jahdkaran M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Rostami-Nejad M. The connection between fatty acids and inflammation in celiac disease; a deep exploring. Tissue Barriers 2024:2342619. [PMID: 38618691 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2342619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between fatty acids (FAs) and celiac disease (CD) is a burgeoning field of research with significant implications for understanding the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic avenues for this autoimmune disorder. CD, triggered by gluten consumption in susceptible individuals, presents with a range of intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms impacting various bodily functions. The disruption of intestinal tight junctions (TJs) by gluten proteins leads to increased gut permeability and subsequent inflammatory responses mediated by T-cells. FAs, crucial components of cell membranes, play diverse roles in inflammation and immune regulation. In fact, FAs have been shown to modulate inflammatory processes through various mechanisms. Studies have highlighted alterations in FA profiles in individuals with CD, indicating potential implications for disease pathogenesis and micronutrient deficiencies. Moreover, the exploration of FAs as biomarkers for CD diagnosis offers promising avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. Understanding the intricate relationship between FAs and CD could lead to novel approaches in managing this complex autoimmune disorder. Therefore, this review article aims to provide an overview of the connection between FAs and inflammation in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Bakhtiari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Jahdkaran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zamora-Prieto RM, Maldonado-Serrano JF, González-Calderón W. The life of the cell membrane: A paradigmatic reading from Deleuze and Guattari. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21924. [PMID: 38045203 PMCID: PMC10692771 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While the Fluid Mosaic model (FMM) is widely accepted as an account of the cell membrane's structure-function, its inability to explain certain phenomena has led to the lipid rafts hypothesis (nanodomains) that spontaneous spatiotemporal enriched zones of sphingolipids-cholesterol-protein exist within the membrane. In this text, we propose a novel approach that conceives the cell membrane as a living entity. The questions regarding the FMM revolve around the fact that, although these molecular components are present in many cell types, the membrane does not react in the same way to every external agent; for example, a virus evokes a particular response: why is there some marked specificity of virus (or toxin) attack on one (or some) of these cell types and not to other cell types that nevertheless have a similar membrane protein constitution? The crucial question, to explain this selectivity, would be what determines the specificity of attack on some cells and not others? While FMN assumes a dynamism between macrostates at the intramolecular, intermolecular, and/or collective levels in the membrane, the approach of the lipid raft model presupposes a much greater and more complex dynamics of microstates (even nano-states) of these molecular components. In other words, it implies higher and instantaneous mobility as assemblages ("intentional") and thus, of the membrane itself (as a collective), in response to changes in the internal and external physicochemical environment over a broad spatiotemporal scale. This suggests a mechanism of membrane adaptation in the face of evolutionary constraints. In this text, we propose a paradigmatic approach, from Deleuze-Guattari's philosophy: to conceive the cell membrane as living and not as a mere molecular conglomerate with particular functions and mechanical processes between molecules. For this, we employ the functional concepts of territory and machinic assemblage, whence the vitality of the membrane would allow us to postulate instantaneous updates, within wider spatiotemporal scales in its composition in contrast with the model that dominates as a more plausible explanation nowadays, that does not include smaller spatiotemporal events. If we resort to the concept of territory and its different media components, we could offer a more plausible explanation of the vigorous dynamism in the composition of the cell membrane since it would allow more subtle and complex differentiations between media and thus make visible the constant and instant changes. We propose that the model of nanodomains, understood as a process of dynamic territorialization, offers a more complex and subtle explanation of the instantaneous changes in the cell membrane's composition. This approach expands the explanatory framework for cellular phenomena and reveals their spatiotemporal complexity in accordance with other research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Maria Zamora-Prieto
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB, Bucaramanga, 681003, Colombia
| | | | - William González-Calderón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB, Bucaramanga, 681003, Colombia
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Zeng G, You D, Ye L, Wu Y, Shi H, Lin J, Jiang Z, Wei J. n-3 PUFA poor seafood consumption is associated with higher risk of gout, whereas n-3 PUFA rich seafood is not: NHANES 2007–2016. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1075877. [PMID: 37081920 PMCID: PMC10110868 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1075877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aimsGout, the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis, has undesirable effects on the quality of life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has a strong link with anti-inflammatory impacts. However, whether the harmful effects of seafood in relation to gout may vary owing to different levels of n-3 PUFA in seafood is still unclear. It was the goal of this study to examine the relationship between n-3 PUFA poor/rich seafood consumption and gout.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2016, five NHANES cycles were performed, with 12,505 subjects having complete data for gout and two 24-h dietary intake interviews. The 24-h dietary recalls were utilized to evaluate dietary habits. Gout was defined based on questionnaires. Weighted logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between n-3 PUFA poor/rich seafood consumption and gout. Moreover, subgroup analysis was utilized to estimate the stability of results. Covariates including age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking status, and drinking status were stratified in different models.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, each unit of increase of n-3 PUFA poor seafood intake was associated with an 8.7% increased risk of gout (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.039, 1.138, P < 0.001), whereas, no correlation was found between n-3 PUFA rich seafood consumption and gout. It also provided a proof-of-concept regarding the potential for n-3 PUFA rich seafood to counteract harmful effects of purines in relation to gout. A dose-response analysis showed that there was a non-linear relationship between n-3 PUFA rich seafood intake and the risk of gout in the female group.ConclusionFindings suggest that n-3 PUFA poor seafood consumption is associated with higher risk of gout, whereas n-3 PUFA rich seafood is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Zeng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin You
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Ye
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualin Shi
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Lin
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junping Wei,
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Exploratory factor analysis determines latent factors in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21837. [PMID: 36528634 PMCID: PMC9758666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has been developed as a powerful statistical procedure in psychological research. EFA's purpose is to identify the nature and number of latent constructs (= factors) underlying a set of observed variables. Since the research goal of EFA is to determine what causes the observed responses, EFA is ideal for hypothesis-based studies, such as identifying the number and nature of latent factors (e.g., cause, risk factors, etc.). However, the application of EFA in the biomedical field has been limited. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is peripheral neuropathy, in which the presence of antibodies to glycolipids has been associated with clinical signs. Although the precise mechanism for the generation of anti-glycolipid antibodies is unclear, we hypothesized that latent factors, such as distinct autoantigens and microbes, could induce different sets of anti-glycolipid antibodies in subsets of GBS patients. Using 55 glycolipid antibody titers from 100 GBS and 30 control sera obtained by glycoarray, we conducted EFA and extracted four factors related to neuroantigens and one potentially suppressive factor, each of which was composed of the distinct set of anti-glycolipid antibodies. The four groups of anti-glycolipid antibodies categorized by unsupervised EFA were consistent with experimental and clinical findings reported previously. Therefore, we proved that unsupervised EFA could be applied to biomedical data to extract latent factors. Applying EFA for other biomedical big data may elucidate latent factors of other diseases with unknown causes or suppressing/exacerbating factors, including COVID-19.
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Roncato R, Angelini J, Pani A, Talotta R. Lipid rafts as viral entry routes and immune platforms: A double-edged sword in SARS-CoV-2 infection? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159140. [PMID: 35248801 PMCID: PMC8894694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are nanoscopic compartments of cell membranes that serve a variety of biological functions. They play a crucial role in viral infections, as enveloped viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can exploit rafts to enter or quit target cells. On the other hand, lipid rafts contribute to the formation of immune synapses and their proper functioning is a prerequisite for adequate immune response and viral clearance. In this narrative review we dissect the panorama focusing on this singular aspect of cell biology in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy. A lipid raft-mediated mechanism can be hypothesized for many drugs recommended or considered for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and antiviral agents. Furthermore, the additional use of lipid-lowering agents, like statins, may affect the lipid composition of membrane rafts and thus influence the processes occurring in these compartments. The combination of drugs acting on lipid rafts may be successful in the treatment of more severe forms of the disease and should be reserved for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), via Gallini, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Jacopo Angelini
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), via Pozzuolo, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Toxicology Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU "Gaetano Martino", University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Neijat M, Habtewold J, Li S, Jing M, House JD. Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the composition of cecal microbiome of Lohmann hens. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102182. [PMID: 33038831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of n-3 fatty acids to poultry diets is widely acknowledged for its role in enhancing poultry products, however, little is known about the compositional responses of gut microbial communities to type and dosage of these supplements. Here, we compared the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), supplied as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the composition of bacterial communities in ceca of laying hens. Corn-soybean basal diets were supplemented with either flaxseed oil (FO, ALA-rich) or marine algal biomass (MA, DHA-rich), and each supplied 0.20 and 0.60% of total n-3 PUFA in the diet. Lohmann LSL-Classic laying hens (n = 10/treatment) were randomly allocated to one of the 4 diets. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood, liver and cecal digesta samples were obtained for plasma glucose, fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids analyses, respectively. The gut bacterial communities were characterized using genomic DNA extracted from cecal contents, whereby the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Illumina Miseq® platform. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in both the FO- and MA-fed groups. The relative abundance of Tenericutes, often associated with immunomodulation, was relatively higher (P<0.0001) in the FO than MA group. Although the relative abundance of Bacteroides was greater for the FO- than the MA-fed group, this genus was negatively correlated (P<0.05) with total n-3 PUFA in the liver at higher dosages of both FO- and MA-fed hens. Higher dose of FO (0.60%) and both dosages of MA (0.20 and 0.60%) substantially enriched several members of Firmicutes (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Clostridium and Ruminococcus) which are known to produce butyrate. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that, in the FO 0.60- and MA 0.20-fed hens, Ruminococcaceae was the most influential taxon accounting for about 31% of the network complexity. These findings demonstrate that supplementation of different type and level of n-3 PUFA in hens' diets could enrich microbial communities with potential role in lipid metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neijat
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J Habtewold
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Li
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M Jing
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J D House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2E1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
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7
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Russell JS, Griffith TA, Naghipour S, Vider J, Du Toit EF, Patel HH, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Counters Cardioprotective Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice: Unconventional PUFA Protection. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092679. [PMID: 32887376 PMCID: PMC7551050 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether dietary omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) confers cardiac benefit in cardiometabolic disorders is unclear. We test whether dietary -linolenic acid (ALA) enhances myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) and responses to ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in type 2 diabetes (T2D); and involvement of conventional PUFA-dependent mechanisms (caveolins/cavins, kinase signaling, mitochondrial function, and inflammation). Eight-week male C57Bl/6 mice received streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) and 21 weeks high-fat/high-carbohydrate feeding. Half received ALA over six weeks. Responses to I-R/IPC were assessed in perfused hearts. Localization and expression of caveolins/cavins, protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β); mitochondrial function; and inflammatory mediators were assessed. ALA reduced circulating leptin, without affecting body weight, glycemic dysfunction, or cholesterol. While I-R tolerance was unaltered, paradoxical injury with IPC was reversed to cardioprotection with ALA. However, post-ischemic apoptosis (nucleosome content) appeared unchanged. Benefit was not associated with shifts in localization or expression of caveolins/cavins, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, or mitochondrial function. Despite mixed inflammatory mediator changes, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was markedly reduced. Data collectively reveal a novel impact of ALA on cardioprotective dysfunction in T2D mice, unrelated to caveolins/cavins, mitochondrial, or stress kinase modulation. Although evidence suggests inflammatory involvement, the basis of this "un-conventional" protection remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S. Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Tia A. Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Saba Naghipour
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Eugene F. Du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jason N. Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
| | - John P. Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport QLD 4217, Australia; (J.S.R.); (T.A.G.); (S.N.); (J.V.); (E.F.D.T.); (J.N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-5552-8292
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8
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Cao Q, Zhao J, Xing M, Xiao H, Zhang Q, Liang H, Ji A, Song S. Current Research Landscape of Marine-Derived Anti-Atherosclerotic Substances. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090440. [PMID: 32854344 PMCID: PMC7551282 DOI: 10.3390/md18090440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation of the arterial wall, which is the pathological basis for coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and thromboembolic disease. Currently, there is a lack of low-cost therapeutic agents that effectively slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the development of new drugs is urgently needed. The research and development of marine-derived drugs have gained increasing interest from researchers across the world. Many marine organisms provide a rich material basis for the development of atherosclerotic drugs. This review focuses on the latest technological advances in the structures and mechanisms of action of marine-derived anti-atherosclerotic substances and the challenges of the application of these substances including marine polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and small molecule compounds. Here, we describe the theoretical basis of marine biological resources in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hao Liang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (M.X.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (S.S.)
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9
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Russell JS, Griffith TA, Peart JN, Headrick JP. Cardiomyoblast caveolin expression: effects of simulated diabetes, α-linolenic acid, and cell signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C11-C20. [PMID: 32348174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00499.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caveolins regulate myocardial substrate handling, survival signaling, and stress resistance; however, control of expression is incompletely defined. We test how metabolic features of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and modulation of cell signaling, influence caveolins in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Cells were exposed to glucose (25 vs. 5 mM), insulin (100 nM), or palmitate (0.1 mM), individually or combined, and the effects of adenylate cyclase (AC) activation (50 μM forskolin), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or protein kinase C β2 (PKCβ2) inhibition (1 μM FAK inhibitor 14 or CGP-53353, respectively) or the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) α-linolenic acid (ALA; 10 μM) were tested. Simulated T2D (elevated glucose + insulin + palmitate) depressed caveolin-1 and -3 without modifying caveolin-2. Caveolin-3 repression was primarily palmitate dependent, whereas high glucose (HG) and insulin independently increased caveolin-3 (while reducing expression when combined). Differential control was evident: baseline caveolin-3 was suppressed by FAK/PKCβ2 and insensitive to AC activities, with baseline caveolin-1 and -2 suppressed by AC and insensitive to FAK/PKCβ2. Forskolin and ALA selectively preserved caveolin-3 in T2D cells, whereas PKCβ2 and FAK inhibition increased caveolin-3 under all conditions. Despite preservation of caveolin-3, ALA did not modify nucleosome content (apoptosis marker) or transcription of proinflammatory mediators in T2D cells. In summary, caveolin-1 and -3 are strongly repressed with simulated T2D, with caveolin-3 particularly sensitive to palmitate; intrinsic PKCβ2 and FAK activities depress caveolin-3 in healthy and stressed cells; ALA and AC activation and PKCβ2 inhibition preserve caveolin-3 under T2D conditions; and caveolin-3 changes with T2D and ALA appear unrelated to inflammatory signaling or extent of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S Russell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tia A Griffith
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Schots PC, Pedersen AM, Eilertsen KE, Olsen RL, Larsen TS. Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 32676029 PMCID: PMC7333527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome the limited supply of fish oil is to harvest lower in the marine food web. Calanus finmarchicus, feeding on phytoplankton, is a small copepod constituting a considerable biomass in the North Atlantic and is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. The oil is, however, different from other commercial marine oils in terms of chemistry and, possibly, bioactivity since it contains wax esters. Wax esters are fatty acids that are esterified with alcohols. In addition to the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the oil is also rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and the long-chain fatty alcohols eicosenol and docosenol. Recent animal studies have indicated anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic actions of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA. This review will discuss potential mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of the oil, focusing on the impact of the various components of the oil. The health effects of EPA and DHA are well recognized, whereas long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols have to a large degree been overlooked in relation to human health. Recently, however the fatty alcohols have received interest as potential targets for improved health via conversion to their corresponding fatty acids. Together, the different lipid components of the oil from C. finmarchicus may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauke Carlijn Schots
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragnar Ludvig Olsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Steinar Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Šunderić M, Robajac D, Gligorijević N, Miljuš G, Nedić O, Smilkov K, Ackova DG, Rudić-Grujić V, Penezić A. Is There Something Fishy About Fish Oil? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1747-1759. [PMID: 31298156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190705185800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is consumed as food worldwide and is considered as a rich source of essential nutrients required for a healthy life. Supplementation with fish oil has been adopted as a solution to prevent or cure many pathophysiological states and diseases by both the professionals and the civil population. The beneficial effects are, however, being questioned, as some controversial results were obtained in clinical and population studies. METHODS Critical evaluation of studies regarding known effects of fish oil, both in favour of its consumption and related controversies. RESULTS From the literature review, contradictory allegations about the positive action of the fish oil on human health emerged, so that a clear line about its beneficial effect cannot be withdrawn. CONCLUSION Scientific results on the application of fish oil should be taken with caution as there is still no standardised approach in testing its effects and there are significantly different baselines in respect to nutritional and other lifestyle habits of different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Šunderić
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Robajac
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Gligorijević
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Miljuš
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Nedić
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Stip, R, North Macedonia
| | - Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Stip, R, North Macedonia
| | - Vesna Rudić-Grujić
- Department of Hygiene and Human Health, Public Health Institute Republic of Srpska, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Penezić
- Department of Metabolism, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Isherwood J, Arshad A, Chung WY, Runau F, Cooke J, Pollard C, Howells L, Fishwick J, Thompson J, Metcalfe M, Steward W, Dennison A. Myeloid derived suppressor cells are reduced and T regulatory cells stabilised in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and intravenous omega 3. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:172. [PMID: 32309319 PMCID: PMC7154395 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a devastating condition, with the majority of patients presenting with metastatic or locally advanced disease. In these patients their disease is classified as advanced pancreatic cancer (APC), which is incurable and associated with survivals generally of a few months. The overall survival (OS) for pancreatic cancer has not changed significantly in the past forty years with multiple trials demonstrating disappointing results. Immune modulatory cells particularly myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) are important mediators in PAC. Omega 3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and there is now evidence demonstrating the benefit of ω-3FAs in PAC. Methods This was a single-center cohort study investigating intravenous ω-3FAs and gemcitabine chemotherapy versus gemcitabine therapy only in patients with APC. Here, we investigated levels of MDSCs and Tregs and examined how these changes correlated with survival. Results Eighteen trial and nine control patients were recruited. There was a significant benefit in progression-free survival (PFS) in trial compared to control patients (P=0.0003). Median survival in trial patients was 5.65 months compared to 1.8 months in control patients. There was no significant benefit in OS in trial compared to control patients (P=0.13). Median survival in trial patients was 7 months compared to 2.9 months in control patients. MDSCs were significantly decreased in trial patients (P=0.0001) but not control patients. Conversely Tregs were significantly increased in control patients (P=0.005) but not in trial patients. Conclusions Administration of ω-3FAs with gemcitabine chemotherapy in APC results in a significant decrease of MDSCs and stability of Tregs. This may be secondary to the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators. A phase three randomized trial is justified to further examine these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Isherwood
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ali Arshad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Wen Yuan Chung
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Franscois Runau
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jill Cooke
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Cristina Pollard
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Lynne Howells
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Jenny Fishwick
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Metcalfe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - William Steward
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Ashley Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Lee TYT, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Seubert JM. Insights into the cardioprotective properties of n-3 PUFAs against ischemic heart disease via modulation of the innate immune system. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:20-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Andersen CJ. Impact of Dietary Cholesterol on the Pathophysiology of Infectious and Autoimmune Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E764. [PMID: 29899295 PMCID: PMC6024721 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular cholesterol metabolism, lipid raft formation, and lipoprotein interactions contribute to the regulation of immune-mediated inflammation and response to pathogens. Lipid pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bacterial and viral infections, whereas altered lipid metabolism may contribute to immune dysfunction in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, dietary cholesterol may exert protective or detrimental effects on risk, progression, and treatment of different infectious and autoimmune diseases, although current findings suggest that these effects are variable across populations and different diseases. Research evaluating the effects of dietary cholesterol, often provided by eggs or as a component of Western-style diets, demonstrates that cholesterol-rich dietary patterns affect markers of immune inflammation and cellular cholesterol metabolism, while additionally modulating lipoprotein profiles and functional properties of HDL. Further, cholesterol-rich diets appear to differentially impact immunomodulatory lipid pathways across human populations of variable metabolic status, suggesting that these complex mechanisms may underlie the relationship between dietary cholesterol and immunity. Given the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015⁻2020 revision to no longer include limitations on dietary cholesterol, evaluation of dietary cholesterol recommendations beyond the context of cardiovascular disease risk is particularly timely. This review provides a comprehensive and comparative analysis of significant and controversial studies on the role of dietary cholesterol and lipid metabolism in the pathophysiology of infectious disease and autoimmune disorders, highlighting the need for further investigation in this developing area of research.
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15
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de Castro GS, Calder PC. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:37-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Ganesan K, Sukalingam K, Xu B. Impact of consumption and cooking manners of vegetable oils on cardiovascular diseases- A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
EPA and DHA appear to be the most important n-3 fatty acids, but roles for n-3 docosapentaenoic acid are now also emerging. Intakes of EPA and DHA are usually low, typically below those recommended. Increased intakes result in higher concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood lipids, cells and tissues. Increased content of EPA and DHA modifies the structure of cell membranes and the function of membrane proteins. EPA and DHA modulate the production of lipid mediators and through effects on cell signalling can alter the patterns of gene expression. Through these mechanisms, EPA and DHA alter cell and tissue responsiveness in a way that often results in more optimal conditions for growth, development and maintenance of health. DHA has vital roles in brain and eye development and function. EPA and DHA have a wide range of physiological roles, which are linked to certain health or clinical benefits, particularly related to CVD, cancer, inflammation and neurocognitive function. The benefits of EPA and DHA are evident throughout the life course. Future research will include better identification of the determinants of variation of responses to increased intake of EPA and DHA; more in-depth dose-response studies of the effects of EPA and DHA; clearer identification of the specific roles of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA; testing strategies to enhance delivery of n-3 fatty acids to the bloodstream; and exploration of sustainable alternatives to fish-derived very long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
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18
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Song M, Zhang X, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Fuchs CS, Chan AT. Marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Gut 2017; 66:1790-1796. [PMID: 27436272 PMCID: PMC5247396 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental evidence supports an antineoplastic activity of marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs; including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid). However, the influence of ω-3 PUFAs on colorectal cancer (CRC) survival is unknown. DESIGN Within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we prospectively studied CRC-specific and overall mortality in a cohort of 1659 patients with CRC according to intake of marine ω-3 PUFAs and its change after diagnosis. RESULTS Higher intake of marine ω-3 PUFAs after CRC diagnosis was associated with lower risk of CRC-specific mortality (p for trend=0.03). Compared with patients who consumed <0.10 g/day of marine ω-3 PUFAs, those consuming at least 0.30 g/day had an adjusted HR for CRC-specific mortality of 0.59 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.01). Patients who increased their marine ω-3 PUFA intake by at least 0.15 g/day after diagnosis had an HR of 0.30 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.64, p for trend <0.001) for CRC deaths, compared with those who did not change or changed their intake by <0.02 g/day. No association was found between postdiagnostic marine ω-3 PUFA intake and all-cause mortality (p for trend=0.47). CONCLUSIONS High marine ω-3 PUFA intake after CRC diagnosis is associated with lower risk of CRC-specific mortality. Increasing consumption of marine ω-3 PUFAs after diagnosis may confer additional benefits to patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Gavgiotaki E, Filippidis G, Markomanolaki H, Kenanakis G, Agelaki S, Georgoulias V, Athanassakis I. Distinction between breast cancer cell subtypes using third harmonic generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1152-1162. [PMID: 27753229 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Third Harmonic Generation (THG) microscopy as a non-invasive, label free imaging methodology, allows linkage of lipid profiles with various breast cancer cells. The collected THG signal arise mostly from the lipid droplets and the membrane lipid bilayer. Quantification of THG signal can accurately distinguish HER2-positive cells. Further analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra reveals cancer-specific profiles, correlating lipid raft-corresponding spectra to THG signal, associating thus THG to chemical information. THG imaging of a cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Gavgiotaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - George Filippidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece
| | | | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Irene Athanassakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71409, Crete, Greece
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Li J, Rao H, Bin Q, Fan YW, Li HY, Deng ZY. Linolelaidic acid induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inflammation stronger than elaidic acid in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through lipid rafts. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Huan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering; China Agricultural University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Qiu Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology; Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
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Mitigation of indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal damages in fat-1 transgenic mice via gate-keeper action of ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33992. [PMID: 27658533 PMCID: PMC5034283 DOI: 10.1038/srep33992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) damage the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cell membranes by inducing several signals through lipid raft organization after membrane incorporation, whereas ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) relieve inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and provide cytoprotection, consequent to lipid raft disorganization. Therefore, we hypothesized that ω-3 PUFAs can protect the GI from NSAID-induced damages by initiating the gatekeeper action of cell membranes, subsequent to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. Administration of indomethacin (IND) leads to the formation of lipid rafts and activation of caveolin-1; however, no such observations were made upon co-administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and IND. In addition, the EPA-induced lipid raft disorganization, caveolin-1 inactivation, and cellular cytotoxicity were inhibited when target cells were knocked-out using G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR 120). EPA significantly attenuated IND-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. IND administration induced significant ulceration, bleeding, and oedema in the stomach or small intestine of wild-type (WT) mice; however, such severe damages to the GI significantly decreased in fat-1 transgenic (TG) mice (P < 0.001), which exhibited decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and apoptosis, decreased interleukin-1β and FAS concentrations, and increased heme oxygenase-1 concentration. Our study indicates that the gatekeeper function of ω-3 PUFAs improves GI safety when administered with NSAID.
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22
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Fatty acids as modulators of neutrophil recruitment, function and survival. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common and prevalent problems worldwide affecting over 300 million individuals. There is some evidence from observational and intervention studies to suggest a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA in inflammatory diseases, specifically asthma. Marine-based n-3 PUFA have therefore been proposed as a possible complementary/alternative therapy for asthma. The proposed anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 fatty acids may be linked to a change in cell membrane composition. This altered membrane composition following n-3 fatty acid supplementation (primarily EPA and DHA) can modify lipid mediator generation via the production of eicosanoids with a reduced inflammatory potential/impact. A recently identified group of lipid mediators derived from EPA including E-series resolvins are proposed to be important in the resolution of inflammation. Reduced inflammation attenuates the severity of asthma including symptoms (dyspnoea) and exerts a bronchodilatory effect. There have been no major health side effects reported with the dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids or their mediators; consequently supplementing with n-3 fatty acids is an attractive non-pharmacological intervention which may benefit asthma.
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Huang Q, Wen J, Chen G, Ge M, Gao Y, Ye X, Liu C, Cai C. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibited Tumor Growth via Preventing the Decrease of Genomic DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Rats. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:113-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1115526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Poggi P, Mirabella R, Neri S, Assirelli E, Dolzani P, Mariani E, Calder PC, Chatgilialoglu A. Membrane fatty acid heterogeneity of leukocyte classes is altered during in vitro cultivation but can be restored with ad-hoc lipid supplementation. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:165. [PMID: 26703000 PMCID: PMC4690394 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell membrane is a primary and fundamental player in most cellular processes, and fatty acids form a major structural component of cell membranes. The aim of this study was to compare the membrane fatty acid profiles of different human blood leukocytes and selected cell lines, to identify the effects of in vitro culture on fatty acid profiles, and to test medium supplements for their effect on fatty acid profiles. Methods Different classes of leukocytes were isolated from human blood and their membrane fatty acid profiles were analysed and compared. After culturing in vitro immortalised and primary leukocytes, membrane fatty acids were analysed and compared. Finally, different lipid formulations were developed and used for supplementing leukocytes in vitro in an effort to maintain the in vivo fatty acid profile. Descriptive and analytical tests were performed to compare the obtained fatty acid profiles. Results Membrane fatty acid profiles of primary human CD4+ T-lymphocytes, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and monocytes differed. Moreover, there were differences among Jurkat, Raji and THP-1 cell lines and the corresponding primary leukocyte classes, as well as between freshly prepared and in vitro cultured primary lymphocytes. A lipid supplement was able to maintain cultured Jurkat cells with a membrane fatty acid profile almost identical to that of the primary CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Finally, variations in the lipid supplement composition enabled the development of Jurkat cells with different membrane fatty acid profiles characterising different physiological or pathological human conditions. Conclusions Each leukocyte class has its own specific membrane fatty acid profile in vivo. Cultured primary leukocytes and immortalized leukocytic cells display different membrane fatty acid profiles when compared to their respective in vivo counterparts. The membrane fatty acid composition of cultured cells can be restored to reflect that of the corresponding in vivo condition through use of optimised lipid supplementation. Typical physiological or pathological leukocyte membrane fatty acid profiles can be obtained by tuning in vitro fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Poggi
- Remembrane Srl, via Selice 84/A, 40026, Imola, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Neri
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Assirelli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dolzani
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Erminia Mariani
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, SO16 6YD, Southampton, UK. .,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Boisramé-Helms J, Toti F, Hasselmann M, Meziani F. Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition in critical illness. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:1-16. [PMID: 26416578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Critical illness is a life-threatening multisystem process that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. In most patients, critical illness is preceded by a physiological deterioration, characterized by a catabolic state and intense metabolic changes, resulting in malnutrition and impaired immune functions. In this context, parenteral lipid emulsions may modulate inflammatory and immune reactions, depending on their fatty acid composition. These effects appear to be based on complex modifications in the composition and structure of cell membranes, through eicosanoid and cytokine synthesis and by modulation of gene expression. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these fatty acid-induced immune function alterations in critical ill patients are however complex and partially understood. Indeed, despite a very abundant literature, experimental and clinical data remain contradictory. The optimization of lipid emulsion composition thus represents a major challenge for clinical medicine, to adequately modulate the inflammatory pathways. In the present review, we first address the metabolic response to aggression, the effects of parenteral lipid emulsions on inflammation and immunity, and finally the controversial place of these lipid emulsions during critical illness. The analysis furthermore highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the differential effects of lipid emulsions and their potential for improving the handling of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boisramé-Helms
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7293, Faculté de médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Toti
- UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Michel Hasselmann
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7293, Faculté de médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Delint-Ramirez I, Maldonado Ruiz R, Torre-Villalvazo I, Fuentes-Mera L, Garza Ocañas L, Tovar A, Camacho A. Genetic obesity alters recruitment of TANK-binding kinase 1 and AKT into hypothalamic lipid rafts domains. Neurochem Int 2015; 80:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Medium-chain Triglyceride Supplementation Exacerbates Peritonitis-Induced Septic Shock in Rats. Shock 2014; 42:548-53. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton; Southampton United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Calder PC. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:469-84. [PMID: 25149823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 927] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a condition which contributes to a range of human diseases. It involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators, and interactions. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to partly inhibit a number of aspects of inflammation including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines, and T-helper 1 lymphocyte reactivity. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of marine n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked, although the full extent of this is not yet elucidated. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from marine n-3 fatty acids in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in RA demonstrate benefit, but clinical trials of fish oil in IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Lipid Emulsions Differentially Affect LPS-Induced Acute Monocytes Inflammation: In Vitro Effects on Membrane Remodeling and Cell Viability. Lipids 2014; 49:1091-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Egg intake during carbohydrate restriction alters peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in metabolic syndrome. Nutrients 2014; 6:2650-67. [PMID: 25045936 PMCID: PMC4113762 DOI: 10.3390/nu6072650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Egg yolk contains bioactive components that improve plasma inflammatory markers and HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) under carbohydrate restriction. We further sought to determine whether egg yolk intake affects peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS, as HDL and its associated lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) reduce the inflammatory potential of leukocytes through modulation of cellular cholesterol content and distribution. Thirty-seven men and women classified with MetS consumed a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet (25%–30% of energy) for 12 weeks, in addition to consuming either three whole eggs per day (EGG) or the equivalent amount of yolk-free egg substitute (SUB). Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide-induced PBMC IL-1β and TNFα secretion increased from baseline to week 12 in the SUB group only, despite increases in PBMC toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression in the EGG group. Compared to baseline, ABCA1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase mRNA expression increased by week 12 in the EGG group only, whereas changes in PBMC total cholesterol positively correlated with changes in lipid raft content. Together, these findings suggest that intake of whole eggs during carbohydrate restriction alters PBMC inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in MetS.
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Huang WC, Tsai PJ, Huang YL, Chen SN, Chuang LT. PGE2 production is suppressed by chemically-synthesized Δ7-eicosatrienoic acid in macrophages through the competitive inhibition of COX-2. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:122-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Six-month feeding of low-dose fish oil decreases vascular expression of high mobility group box1 and receptor for advanced glycation end-products in rat chronic allograft vasculopathy. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:1771-5. [PMID: 23769041 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a typical feature of chronic rejection of small bowel transplantations (SBTx). Our previous studies revealed that feeding fish oil, a natural source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), protected against CAV. The underlying mechanism remains to be clarified. The pathway mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligand, high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which may contribute to the pathogenesis of CAV, is potentially regulated by n-3 PUFAs. Using a chronic rejection model of rat SBTx, the present study investigated whether amelioration of CAV by fish oil feeding was associated with regulation of the RAGE signaling pathway. Moreover, our previous studies also showed that feeding low-dose fish oil for 3 months had no effect. Since an relatively short duration of treatment might fail to produce a visible response, we fed low-dose fish oil for 190 postoperative days. Male inbred Lewis rats and F344 rats were used to establish a chronic rejection model of SBTx. The recipient rats were administered phosphate-buffered saline or fish oil at a daily dose of 3 mL/kg. All rats survived over 190 postoperative days. The expression of HMGB1 and RAGE increased in CAV-bearing vessels. Feeding low-dose fish oil for 6 months attenuated CAV, and significantly reduced HMGB1 and RAGE expressions, indicating beneficial effects of low-dose fish oil on CAV may occur via down-regulation of the HMGB1-RAGE pathway.
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Dendelé B, Tekpli X, Hardonnière K, Holme JA, Debure L, Catheline D, Arlt VM, Nagy E, Phillips DH, Ovrebø S, Mollerup S, Poët M, Chevanne M, Rioux V, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Protective action of n-3 fatty acids on benzo[a]pyrene-induced apoptosis through the plasma membrane remodeling-dependent NHE1 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 207:41-51. [PMID: 24246761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane is an early target of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). We previously showed that the PAH prototype, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), triggers apoptosis via DNA damage-induced p53 activation (genotoxic pathway) and via remodeling of the membrane cholesterol-rich microdomains called lipid rafts, leading to changes in pH homeostasis (non-genotoxic pathway). As omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can affect membrane composition and function or hamper in vivo PAH genotoxicity, we hypothesized that addition of physiologically relevant levels of polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (PUFAs) might interfere with B[a]P-induced toxicity. The effects of two major PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were tested on B[a]P cytotoxicity in the liver epithelial cell line F258. Both PUFAs reduced B[a]P-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, pre-treatment with DHA increased the formation of reactive B[a]P metabolites, resulting in higher levels of B[a]P-DNA adducts. EPA had no apparent effect on B[a]P metabolism or related DNA damage. EPA and DHA prevented B[a]P-induced apoptotic alkalinization by affecting Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 activity. Thus, the inhibitory effects of omega-3 fatty acids on B[a]P-induced apoptosis involve a non-genotoxic pathway associated with plasma membrane remodeling. Our results suggest that dietary omega-3 fatty acids may have marked effects on the biological consequences of PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Dendelé
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | | | - Kévin Hardonnière
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laure Debure
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, INRA, Agrocampus Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment & Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment & Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment & Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steinar Ovrebø
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Biological and Chemical Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Steen Mollerup
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Biological and Chemical Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mallory Poët
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS UMR 6097, Faculté des Sciences, Nice, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, INRA, Agrocampus Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Odile Sergent
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Inserm U1085, Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement, Travail, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes 1, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France.
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New Theories and Their Clinical Relevance to the Onset and Development of Periodontal Diseases. STUDIES ON PERIODONTAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9557-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the oxidizable lipids constituting biomembranes and plasma lipoproteins. Cholesterol hydroperoxides (Chol-OOH) are the primary products if cholesterol is subjected to attack by reactive oxygen species. In particular, singlet molecular oxygen reacts with cholesterol to yield cholesterol 5α-hydroperoxide as the major hydroperoxide species. Chol-OOH may accumulate in biological systems because of its resistance to glutathione-dependent enzymatic detoxification reactions. Their degradation products (including hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol) participate in the pathophysiological functions of oxysterols. Highly reactive cholesterol 5,6-secosterol present in atherosclerotic lesions can be derived from the degradation of cholesterol 5α-hydroperoxide. Chol-OOH themselves may affect the lipid rafts of biomembranes, thereby leading to the modification of signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Terao
- Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY To discuss studies in humans and animals revealing the ability of foods to benefit the brain: new information with regards to mechanisms of action and the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Dietary factors exert their effects on the brain by affecting molecular events related to the management of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity. Energy metabolism influences neuronal function, neuronal signaling, and synaptic plasticity, ultimately affecting mental health. Epigenetic regulation of neuronal plasticity appears as an important mechanism by which foods can prolong their effects on long-term neuronal plasticity. SUMMARY The prime focus of the discussion is to emphasize the role of cell metabolism as a mediator for the action of foods on the brain. Oxidative stress promotes damage to phospholipids present in the plasma membrane such as the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexenoic acid, disrupting neuronal signaling. Thus, dietary docosahexenoic acid seems crucial for supporting plasma membrane function, interneuronal signaling, and cognition. The dual action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal metabolism and synaptic plasticity is crucial for activating signaling cascades under the action of diet and other environmental factors, using mechanisms of epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology and Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Fenton JI, Hord NG, Ghosh S, Gurzell EA. Immunomodulation by dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids and the potential for adverse health outcomes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:379-90. [PMID: 24183073 PMCID: PMC3912985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recommendations to consume fish for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), along with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status for long chain omega-3 fatty acids, may have had the unanticipated consequence of encouraging long-chain omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid [(eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] supplementation and fortification practices. While there is evidence supporting a protective role for EPA/DHA supplementation in reducing sudden cardiac events, the safety and efficacy of supplementation with LCω-3PUFA in the context of other disease outcomes is unclear. Recent studies of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in animal models of infectious disease demonstrate that LCω-3PUFA intake dampens immunity and alters pathogen clearance and can result in reduced survival. The same physiological properties of EPA/DHA that are responsible for the amelioration of inflammation associated with chronic cardiovascular pathology or autoimmune states, may impair pathogen clearance during acute infections by decreasing host resistance or interfere with tumor surveillance resulting in adverse health outcomes. Recent observations that high serum LCω-3PUFA levels are associated with higher risk of prostate cancer and atrial fibrillation raise concern for adverse outcomes. Given the widespread use of supplements and fortification of common food items with LCω-3PUFA, this review focuses on the immunomodulatory effects of the dietary LCω-3PUFAs, EPA and DHA, the mechanistic basis for potential negative health outcomes, and calls for biomarker development and validation as rational first steps towards setting recommended dietary intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Marquet-de Rougé P, Clamagirand C, Facchinetti P, Rose C, Sargueil F, Guihenneuc-Jouyaux C, Cynober L, Moinard C, Allinquant B. Citrulline diet supplementation improves specific age-related raft changes in wild-type rodent hippocampus. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1589-1606. [PMID: 22918749 PMCID: PMC3776113 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The levels of molecules crucial for signal transduction processing change in the brain with aging. Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains involved in cell signaling. We describe here substantial biophysical and biochemical changes occurring within the rafts in hippocampus neurons from aging wild-type rats and mice. Using continuous sucrose density gradients, we observed light-, medium-, and heavy raft subpopulations in young adult rodent hippocampus neurons containing very low levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and almost no caveolin-1 (CAV-1). By contrast, old rodents had a homogeneous age-specific high-density caveolar raft subpopulation containing significantly more cholesterol (CHOL), CAV-1, and APP. C99-APP-Cter fragment detection demonstrates that the first step of amyloidogenic APP processing takes place in this caveolar structure during physiological aging of the rat brain. In this age-specific caveolar raft subpopulation, levels of the C99-APP-Cter fragment are exponentially correlated with those of APP, suggesting that high APP concentrations may be associated with a risk of large increases in beta-amyloid peptide levels. Citrulline (an intermediate amino acid of the urea cycle) supplementation in the diet of aged rats for 3 months reduced these age-related hippocampus raft changes, resulting in raft patterns tightly close to those in young animals: CHOL, CAV-1, and APP concentrations were significantly lower and the C99-APP-Cter fragment was less abundant in the heavy raft subpopulation than in controls. Thus, we report substantial changes in raft structures during the aging of rodent hippocampus and describe new and promising areas of investigation concerning the possible protective effect of citrulline on brain function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Marquet-de Rougé
- />EA 4466, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Christine Clamagirand
- />INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Facchinetti
- />INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Rose
- />INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | | | - Chantal Guihenneuc-Jouyaux
- />EA 4064, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Luc Cynober
- />EA 4466, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
- />Service de Biochimie Hôtel-Dieu et Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- />EA 4466, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Allinquant
- />INSERM UMR 894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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Carotenuto F, Minieri M, Monego G, Fiaccavento R, Bertoni A, Sinigaglia F, Vecchini A, Carosella L, Di Nardo P. A diet supplemented with ALA-rich flaxseed prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating caveolin-3 expression. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:422-31. [PMID: 24042018 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) induce beneficial effects on the heart, but the mechanisms through which these effects are operated are not completely clarified yet. Among others, cardiac diseases are often associated with increased levels of cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF), that cause degeneration and death of cardiomyocytes. The present study has been carried out to investigate (i) the potential anti-apoptotic effects induced by the n-3 polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid (ALA) in experimental models of cardiac diseases characterized by high levels of TNF, and (ii) the potential role of caveolin-3 (Cav-3) in the mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS An ALA-rich flaxseed diet, administered from weaning to hereditary cardiomyopathic hamsters, prevented the onset of myocardial apoptosis associated with high plasma and tissue levels of TNF preserving caveolin-3 expression. To confirm these findings, isolated neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were exposed to TNF to induce apoptosis. ALA pre-treatment greatly enhanced Cav-3 expression hampering the internalization of the caveolar TNF receptor and, thus, determining the abortion of the apoptotic vs. survival cascade. CONCLUSION This study unveiled the Cav-3 pivotal role in defending cardiomyocytes against the TNF pro-apoptotic action and the ALA capacity to regulate this mechanism preventing cardiac degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Carotenuto
- Laboratorio di Cardiologia Molecolare e Cellulare, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, Roma 00133, Italy
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Zauber H, Szymanski W, Schulze WX. Unraveling sterol-dependent membrane phenotypes by analysis of protein abundance-ratio distributions in different membrane fractions under biochemical and endogenous sterol depletion. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3732-43. [PMID: 24030099 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.029447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, research on plasma membrane focused increasingly on the analysis of so-called microdomains. It has been shown that function of many membrane-associated proteins involved in signaling and transport depends on their conditional segregation within sterol-enriched membrane domains. High throughput proteomic analysis of sterol-protein interactions are often based on analyzing detergent resistant membrane fraction enriched in sterols and associated proteins, which also contain proteins from these microdomain structures. Most studies so far focused exclusively on the characterization of detergent resistant membrane protein composition and abundances. This approach has received some criticism because of its unspecificity and many co-purifying proteins. In this study, by a label-free quantitation approach, we extended the characterization of membrane microdomains by particularly studying distributions of each protein between detergent resistant membrane and detergent-soluble fractions (DSF). This approach allows a more stringent definition of dynamic processes between different membrane phases and provides a means of identification of co-purifying proteins. We developed a random sampling algorithm, called Unicorn, allowing for robust statistical testing of alterations in the protein distribution ratios of the two different fractions. Unicorn was validated on proteomic data from methyl-β-cyclodextrin treated plasma membranes and the sterol biosynthesis mutant smt1. Both, chemical treatment and sterol-biosynthesis mutation affected similar protein classes in their membrane phase distribution and particularly proteins with signaling and transport functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zauber
- Max Planck Institute of molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Valerio M, Minderman H, Mace T, Awad A. β-Sitosterol modulates TLR4 receptor expression and intracellular MyD88-dependent pathway activation in J774A.1 murine macrophages. Cell Immunol 2013; 285:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Igl W, Kamal-Eldin A, Johansson A, Liebisch G, Gnewuch C, Schmitz G, Gyllensten U. Animal source food intake and association with blood cholesterol, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in a northern Swedish population. Int J Circumpolar Health 2013; 72:21162. [PMID: 23984293 PMCID: PMC3753141 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high intake of game meat in populations with a subsistence-based diet may affect their blood lipids and health status. Objective To examine the association between diet and circulating levels of blood lipid levels in a northern Swedish population. Study design We compared a group with traditional lifestyle (TLS) based on reindeer herding (TLS group) with those from the same area with a non-traditional lifestyle (NTLS) typical of more industrialized regions of Sweden (NTLS group). The analysis was based on self-reported intake of animal source food (i.e. non-game meat, game meat, fish, dairy products and eggs) and the serum blood level of a number of lipids [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids]. Results The TLS group had higher cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels than the reference group. Of the TLS group, 65% had cholesterol levels above the threshold for increased risk of coronary heart disease (≥240 mg/dl), as compared to 38% of the NTLS group. Self-reported consumption of game meat was positively associated with TC and LDL. Conclusions The high game meat consumption of the TLS group is associated with increased cholesterol levels. High intake of animal protein and fat and low fibre is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but other studies of the TLS in northern Sweden have shown comparable incidences of cardiovascular disease to the reference (NTLS) group from the same geographical area. This indicates that factors other than TC influence disease risk. One such possible factor is dietary phospholipids, which are also found in high amounts specifically in game meat and have been shown to inhibit cholesterol absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmar Igl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Numerous effects of n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA on functional responses of cells involved in inflammation and immunity have been described. Fatty acid-induced modifications in membrane order and in the availability of substrates for eicosanoid synthesis are long-standing mechanisms that are considered important in explaining the effects observed. More recently, effects on signal transduction pathways and on gene expression profiles have been identified. Over the last 10 years or so, significant advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of n-3 fatty acids have been made. These include the identification of new actions of lipid mediators that were already described and of novel interactions among those mediators and the description of an entirely new family of lipid mediators, resolvins and protectins that have anti-inflammatory actions and are critical to the resolution of inflammation. It is also recognised that EPA and DHA can inhibit activation of the prototypical inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Recent studies suggest three alternative mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids might have this effect. Within T-cells, as well as other cells of relevance to immune and inflammatory responses, EPA and DHA act to disrupt very early events involving formation of the structures termed lipid rafts which bring together various proteins to form an effective signalling platform. In summary, recent research has identified a number of new mechanisms of action that help to explain previously identified effects of n-3 fatty acids on inflammation and immunity.
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47
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Calder PC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:645-62. [PMID: 22765297 PMCID: PMC3575932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 791] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are n-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to inhibit partly a number of aspects of inflammation including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines and T cell reactivity. In parallel, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonioc acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving resolvins and protectins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor NR1C3 (i.e. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ) and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked. In adult humans, an EPA plus DHA intake greater than 2 g day⁻¹ seems to be required to elicit anti-inflammatory actions, but few dose finding studies have been performed. Animal models demonstrate benefit from n-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in patients with RA demonstrate benefit supported by meta-analyses of the data. Clinical trails of fish oil in patients with IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP887 Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Calder PC, Deckelbaum RJ. Intravenous fish oil in hospitalized adult patients: reviewing the reviews. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2013; 16:119-23. [PMID: 23324901 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32835dbde9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gurzell EA, Teague H, Harris M, Clinthorne J, Shaikh SR, Fenton JI. DHA-enriched fish oil targets B cell lipid microdomains and enhances ex vivo and in vivo B cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2012. [PMID: 23180828 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0812394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DHA is a n-3 LCPUFA in fish oil that generally suppresses T lymphocyte function. However, the effect of fish oil on B cell function remains relatively understudied. Given the important role of B cells in gut immunity and increasing human fish oil supplementation, we sought to determine whether DFO leads to enhanced B cell activation in the SMAD-/- colitis-prone mouse model, similar to that observed with C57BL/6 mice. This study tested the hypothesis that DHA from fish oil is incorporated into the B cell membrane to alter lipid microdomain clustering and enhance B cell function. Purified, splenic B cells from DFO-fed mice displayed increased DHA levels and diminished GM1 microdomain clustering. DFO enhanced LPS-induced B cell secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and increased CD40 expression ex vivo compared with CON. Despite increased MHCII expression in the unstimulated ex vivo B cells from DFO-fed mice, we observed no difference in ex vivo OVA-FITC uptake in B cells from DFO or CON mice. In vivo, DFO increased lymphoid tissue B cell populations and surface markers of activation compared with CON. Finally, we investigated whether these ex vivo and in vivo observations were consistent with systemic changes. Indeed, DFO-fed mice had significantly higher plasma IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9 (Th2-biasing cytokines) and cecal IgA compared with CON. These results support the hypothesis and an emerging concept that fish oil enhances B cell function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Gurzell
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1224, USA.
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Ibrahim S, McCartney A, Markosyan N, Smyth EM. Heterodimerization with the prostacyclin receptor triggers thromboxane receptor relocation to lipid rafts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 33:60-6. [PMID: 23162015 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostacyclin and thromboxane mediate opposing cardiovascular actions through receptors termed IP and TP, respectively. When dimerized with IP, the TP shifts to IP-like function. IP localizes to cholesterol-enriched membrane rafts, but TP and IPTP heterodimer localization is not defined. We examined these receptors' membrane localization and the role of rafts in receptor function. METHODS AND RESULTS Microdomain distribution of IP, TP, and IPTP heterodimers was examined in COS-7 cells by measuring energy transfer from renilla luciferase-fused receptors to fluorescently labeled rafts. IP raft association was confirmed. TP was raft excluded, but redistributed to rafts upon dimerization with IP. Signaling of the IP and IPTP heterodimer, but not TP alone, was suppressed after raft disruption by cholesterol depletion. Cholesterol enrichment also selectively suppressed IP and IPTP function. Native IP and IPTP signaling in smooth muscle cells and macrophages were similarly sensitive to cholesterol manipulation, whereas macrophages from hypercholesterolemic mice displayed suppressed IP and IPTP function. CONCLUSIONS IP and TP function within distinct microdomains. Raft incorporation of TP in the IPTP heterodimer likely facilitates its signaling shift. We speculate that changes in IP and IPTP signaling after perturbation of membrane cholesterol may contribute to cardiovascular disease associated with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Ibrahim
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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