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Rahman MH, Hegazy L. Mechanism of antagonist ligand binding to REV-ERBα. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8401. [PMID: 38600172 PMCID: PMC11006950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
REV-ERBα, a therapeutically promising nuclear hormone receptor, plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes such as the circadian clock, inflammation, and metabolism. However, the availability of chemical probes to investigate the pharmacology of this receptor is limited, with SR8278 being the only identified synthetic antagonist. Moreover, no X-ray crystal structures are currently available that demonstrate the binding of REV-ERBα to antagonist ligands. This lack of structural information impedes the development of targeted therapeutics. To address this issue, we employed Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to investigate the binding pathway of SR8278 to REV-ERBα. For comparison, we also used GaMD to observe the ligand binding process of STL1267, for which an X-ray structure is available. GaMD simulations successfully captured the binding of both ligands to the receptor's orthosteric site and predicted the ligand binding pathway and important amino acid residues involved in the antagonist SR8278 binding. This study highlights the effectiveness of GaMD in investigating protein-ligand interactions, particularly in the context of drug recognition for nuclear hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Homaidur Rahman
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lamees Hegazy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Salgado Rezende de Mendonça L, Senar S, Moreira LL, Silva Júnior JA, Nader M, Campos LA, Baltatu OC. Evidence for the druggability of aldosterone targets in heart failure: A bioinformatics and data science-driven decision-making approach. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108124. [PMID: 38412691 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldosterone plays a key role in the neurohormonal drive of heart failure. Systematic prioritization of drug targets using bioinformatics and database-driven decision-making can provide a competitive advantage in therapeutic R&D. This study investigated the evidence on the druggability of these aldosterone targets in heart failure. METHODS The target disease predictability of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and aldosterone synthase (AS) in cardiac failure was evaluated using Open Targets target-disease association scores. The Open Targets database collections were downloaded to MongoDB and queried according to the desired aggregation level, and the results were retrieved from the Europe PMC (data type: text mining), ChEMBL (data type: drugs), Open Targets Genetics Portal (data type: genetic associations), and IMPC (data type: genetic associations) databases. The target tractability of MR and AS in the cardiovascular system was investigated by computing activity scores in a curated ChEMBL database using supervised machine learning. RESULTS The medians of the association scores of the MR and AS groups were similar, indicating a comparable predictability of the target disease. The median of the MR activity scores group was significantly lower than that of AS, indicating that AS has higher target tractability than MR [Hodges-Lehmann difference 0.62 (95%CI 0.53-0.70, p < 0.0001]. The cumulative distributions of the overall multiplatform association scores of cardiac diseases with MR were considerably higher than with AS, indicating more advanced investigations on a wider range of disorders evaluated for MR (Kolmogorov-Smirnov D = 0.36, p = 0.0009). In curated ChEMBL, MR had a higher cumulative distribution of activity scores in experimental cardiovascular assays than AS (Kolmogorov-Smirnov D = 0.23, p < 0.0001). Documented clinical trials for MR in heart failures surfaced in database searches, none for AS. CONCLUSIONS Although its clinical development has lagged behind that of MR, our findings indicate that AS is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac failure. The multiplatform-integrated identification used in this study allowed us to comprehensively explore the available scientific evidence on MR and AS for heart failure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Salgado Rezende de Mendonça
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University, Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Lorena Moreira
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University, Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Moni Nader
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luciana Aparecida Campos
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University, Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University, Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.
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Zhuang J, Shang Q, Rastinejad F, Wu D. Decoding Allosteric Control in Hypoxia-Inducible Factors. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168352. [PMID: 37935255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian family of basic helix-loop-helix-PER-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) transcription factors possess the ability to sense and respond to diverse environmental and physiological cues. These proteins all share a common structural framework, comprising a bHLH domain, two PAS domains, and transcriptional activation or repression domain. To function effectively as transcription factors, members of the family must form dimers, bringing together bHLH segments to create a functional unit that allows for DNA response element binding. The significance of bHLH-PAS family is underscored by their involvement in many major human diseases, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Notably, the clear identification of ligand-binding cavities within their PAS domains enables the development of targeted small molecules. Two examples are Belzutifan, targeting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α, and Tapinarof, targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), both of which have gained regulatory approval recently. Here, we focus on the HIF subfamily. The crystal structures of all three HIF-α proteins have been elucidated, revealing their bHLH and tandem PAS domains are used to engage their dimerization partner aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT, also called HIF-1β). A broad range of recent findings point to a shared allosteric modulation mechanism among these proteins, whereby small-molecules at the PAS-B domains exert direct influence over the HIF-α transcriptional functions. As our understanding of the architectural and allosteric mechanisms of bHLH-PAS proteins continues to advance, the possibility of discovering new therapeutic drugs becomes increasingly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhuang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghong Shang
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Dalei Wu
- Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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4
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Amaya JM, Sips HCM, Viho EMG, Kroon J, Meijer OC. Restricted effects of androgens on glucocorticoid signaling in the mouse prefrontal cortex and midbrain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1292024. [PMID: 38303978 PMCID: PMC10830692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are key executors of the physiological response to stress. Previous studies in mice showed that the androgen receptor (AR) influenced the transcriptional outcome of glucocorticoid treatment in white and brown adipocytes and in the liver. In the brain, we observed that chronic hypercorticism induced changes in gene expression that tended to be more pronounced in male mice. In the present study, we investigated if glucocorticoid signaling in the brain could be modulated by androgen. After chronic treatment with corticosterone, dihydrotestosterone, a combination of both, and corticosterone in combination with the AR antagonist enzalutamide, we compared the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1, also abbreviated GR) target genes in brain regions where AR and GR are co-expressed, namely: prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. We observed that androgen affected glucocorticoid signaling only in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia nigra. Dihydrotestosterone and corticosterone independently and inversely regulated expression of Sgk1 and Tsc22d3 in prefrontal cortex. AR antagonism with enzalutamide attenuated corticosterone-induced expression of Fkbp5 in the prefrontal cortex and of Fkbp5 and Sgk1 in the substantia nigra. Additionally, in the substantia nigra, AR antagonism increased expression of Th and Slc18a1, two genes coding for key components of the dopaminergic system. Our data indicate that androgen influence over glucocorticoid stimulation in the brain is not a dominant phenomenon in the context of high corticosterone levels, but can occur in the prefrontal cortex and substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Amaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. M. Sips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eva M. G. Viho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Onno C. Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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5
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Li Z, Zheng D, Zhang T, Ruan S, Li N, Yu Y, Peng Y, Wang D. The roles of nuclear receptors in cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0343. [PMID: 38099854 PMCID: PMC10727660 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, NAFLD encompasses a pathological process that ranges from simple steatosis to NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, closely associated with numerous extrahepatic diseases. While the initial etiology was believed to be hepatocyte injury caused by lipid toxicity from accumulated triglycerides, recent studies suggest that an imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis is of greater significance. The role of nuclear receptors in regulating liver cholesterol homeostasis has been demonstrated to be crucial. This review summarizes the roles and regulatory mechanisms of nuclear receptors in the 3 main aspects of cholesterol production, excretion, and storage in the liver, as well as their cross talk in reverse cholesterol transport. It is hoped that this review will offer new insights and theoretical foundations for the study of the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD and provide new research directions for extrahepatic diseases associated with NAFLD.
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Peng C, Jiang X, Jaeger M, van Houten P, van Herwaarden AE, Koeken VACM, Moorlag SJCFM, Mourits VP, Lemmers H, Dijkstra H, Koenen HJPM, Joosten I, van Cranenbroek B, Li Y, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Netea-Maier RT, Xu CJ. 11-deoxycortisol positively correlates with T cell immune traits in physiological conditions. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104935. [PMID: 38134621 PMCID: PMC10776925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous steroid hormones have significant effects on inflammatory and immune processes, but the immunological activities of steroidogenesis precursors remain largely unexplored. METHODS We conducted a systematic approach to examine the association between steroid hormones profile and immune traits in a cohort of 534 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of steroid hormones and their precursors (cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 11-deoxycortisol and 17-OH progesterone) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Immune traits were evaluated by quantifying cellular composition of the circulating immune system and ex vivo cytokine responses elicited by major human pathogens and microbial ligands. An independent cohort of 321 individuals was used for validation, followed by in vitro validation experiments. FINDINGS We observed a positive association between 11-deoxycortisol and lymphoid cellular subsets numbers and function (especially IL-17 response). The association with lymphoid cellularity was validated in an independent validation cohort. In vitro experiments showed that, as compared to androstenedione and 17-OH progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol promoted T cell proliferation and Candida-induced Th17 polarization at physiologically relevant concentrations. Functionally, 11-deoxycortisol-treated T cells displayed a more activated phenotype (PD-L1high CD25high CD62Llow CD127low) in response to CD3/CD28 co-stimulation, and downregulated expression of T-bet nuclear transcription factor. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a positive association between 11-deoxycortisol and T-cell function under physiological conditions. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential mechanisms and clinical implications. FUNDING Found in acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xun Jiang
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Houten
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Valerie A C M Koeken
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Science, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Helga Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Stossi F, Rivera Tostado A, Johnson HL, Mistry RM, Mancini MG, Mancini MA. Gene transcription regulation by ER at the single cell and allele level. Steroids 2023; 200:109313. [PMID: 37758052 PMCID: PMC10842394 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this short review we discuss the current view of how the estrogen receptor (ER), a pivotal member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, regulates gene transcription at the single cell and allele level, focusing on in vitro cell line models. We discuss central topics and new trends in molecular biology including phenotypic heterogeneity, single cell sequencing, nuclear phase separated condensates, single cell imaging, and image analysis methods, with particular focus on the methodologies and results that have been reported in the last few years using microscopy-based techniques. These observations augment the results from biochemical assays that lead to a much more complex and dynamic view of how ER, and arguably most transcription factors, act to regulate gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States.
| | | | - Hannah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ragini M Mistry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maureen G Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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8
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Li F, Yu J, Pan T, Feng H, Li J, Yu B, Fan Z, Sang Q, Chen M, Zang M, Hou J, Wu X, Yu Y, Li YY, Yan C, Zhu Z, Su L, Liu B. BPTF Drives Gastric Cancer Resistance to EGFR Inhibitor by Epigenetically Regulating the C-MYC/PLCG1/Perk Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303091. [PMID: 37863665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used for treating patients with cancer exhibiting EGFR overexpression or mutation. However, the response rate of erlotinib is low among patients with gastric cancer (GC). The findings of this study illustrated that the overexpression of bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF) is partially responsible for erlotinib resistance in GC, and the combination of the BPTF inhibitor AU-1 with erlotinib synergistically inhibited tumor growth both in vivo and in vitro. AU-1 inhibited the epigenetic function of BPTF and decreased the transcriptional activity of c-MYC on PLCG1 by attenuating chromosome accessibility of the PLCG1 promoter region, thus decreasing the expression of p-PLCG1 and p-Erk and eventually improving the sensitivity of GC cells to erlotinib. In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, AU-1 monotherapy exhibited remarkable tumor-inhibiting activity and is synergistic anti-tumor effects when combined with erlotinib. Altogether, the findings illustrate that BPTF affects the responsiveness of GC to erlotinib by epigenetically regulating the c-MYC/PLCG1/pErk axis, and the combination of BPTF inhibitors and erlotinib is a viable therapeutic approach for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Mingde Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
- Department of Gastric Cancer Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation & Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, 202163, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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9
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Basu S, Martínez-Cristóbal P, Frigolé-Vivas M, Pesarrodona M, Lewis M, Szulc E, Bañuelos CA, Sánchez-Zarzalejo C, Bielskutė S, Zhu J, Pombo-García K, Garcia-Cabau C, Zodi L, Dockx H, Smak J, Kaur H, Batlle C, Mateos B, Biesaga M, Escobedo A, Bardia L, Verdaguer X, Ruffoni A, Mawji NR, Wang J, Obst JK, Tam T, Brun-Heath I, Ventura S, Meierhofer D, García J, Robustelli P, Stracker TH, Sadar MD, Riera A, Hnisz D, Salvatella X. Rational optimization of a transcription factor activation domain inhibitor. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1958-1969. [PMID: 38049566 PMCID: PMC10716049 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are among the most attractive therapeutic targets but are considered largely 'undruggable' in part due to the intrinsically disordered nature of their activation domains. Here we show that the aromatic character of the activation domain of the androgen receptor, a therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer, is key for its activity as transcription factor, allowing it to translocate to the nucleus and partition into transcriptional condensates upon activation by androgens. On the basis of our understanding of the interactions stabilizing such condensates and of the structure that the domain adopts upon condensation, we optimized the structure of a small-molecule inhibitor previously identified by phenotypic screening. The optimized compounds had more affinity for their target, inhibited androgen-receptor-dependent transcriptional programs, and had an antitumorigenic effect in models of castration-resistant prostate cancer in cells and in vivo. These results suggest that it is possible to rationally optimize, and potentially even to design, small molecules that target the activation domains of oncogenic transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaon Basu
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Martínez-Cristóbal
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Frigolé-Vivas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pesarrodona
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Lewis
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elzbieta Szulc
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Adriana Bañuelos
- Genome Sciences, BC Cancer and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Carolina Sánchez-Zarzalejo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stasė Bielskutė
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Dartmouth College, Department of Chemistry, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Karina Pombo-García
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carla Garcia-Cabau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Levente Zodi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordann Smak
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Batlle
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Borja Mateos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateusz Biesaga
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Escobedo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Bardia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nasrin R Mawji
- Genome Sciences, BC Cancer and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jun Wang
- Genome Sciences, BC Cancer and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jon K Obst
- Genome Sciences, BC Cancer and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Teresa Tam
- Genome Sciences, BC Cancer and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Isabelle Brun-Heath
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesús García
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Robustelli
- Dartmouth College, Department of Chemistry, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Travis H Stracker
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marianne D Sadar
- Genome Sciences, BC Cancer and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Denes Hnisz
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Harnish MT, Lopez D, Morrison CT, Narayanan R, Fernandez EJ, Shen T. Novel Covalent Modifier-Induced Local Conformational Changes within the Intrinsically Disordered Region of the Androgen Receptor. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1442. [PMID: 37998041 PMCID: PMC10669190 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of transcription factors play an important biological role in liquid condensate formation and gene regulation. It is thus desirable to investigate the druggability of IDRs and how small-molecule binders can alter their conformational stability. For the androgen receptor (AR), certain covalent ligands induce important changes, such as the neutralization of the condensate. To understand the specificity of ligand-IDR interaction and potential implications for the mechanism of neutralizing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), we modeled and performed computer simulations of ligand-bound peptide segments obtained from the human AR. We analyzed how different covalent ligands affect local secondary structure, protein contact map, and protein-ligand contacts for these protein systems. We find that effective neutralizers make specific interactions (such as those between cyanopyrazole and tryptophan) that alter the helical propensity of the peptide segments. These findings on the mechanism of action can be useful for designing molecules that influence IDR structure and condensate of the AR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Harnish
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.T.H.); (D.L.); (C.T.M.); (E.J.F.)
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.T.H.); (D.L.); (C.T.M.); (E.J.F.)
| | - Corbin T. Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.T.H.); (D.L.); (C.T.M.); (E.J.F.)
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Elias J. Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.T.H.); (D.L.); (C.T.M.); (E.J.F.)
| | - Tongye Shen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.T.H.); (D.L.); (C.T.M.); (E.J.F.)
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11
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Chen S, Zheng Y, Liang B, Yin Y, Yao J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Neamati N. The application of PROTAC in HDAC. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115746. [PMID: 37607440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Inducing protein degradation by proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has provided great opportunities for scientific research and industrial applications. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-PROTAC has been widely developed since the first report of its ability to induce the degradation of SIRT2 in 2017. To date, ten of the eighteen HDACs (HDACs 1-8, HDAC10, and SIRT2) have been successfully targeted and degraded by HDAC-PROTACs. HDAC-PROTACs surpass traditional HDAC inhibitors in many aspects, such as higher selectivity, more potent antiproliferative activity, and the ability to disrupt the enzyme-independent functions of a multifunctional protein and overcome drug resistance. Rationally designing HDAC-PROTACs is a main challenge in development because slight variations in chemical structure can lead to drastic effects on the efficiency and selectivity of the degradation. In the future, HDAC-PROTACs can potentially be involved in clinical research with the support of the increased amount of in vivo data, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Benji Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yudong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jian Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Quande Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Yanghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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12
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Xuan L, Hu Z, Jiang Z, Zhang C, Sun X, Ming W, Liu H, Qiao R, Shen L, Liu S, Wang G, Wen L, Luan Z, Yin J. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) deficiency protects against spinal cord injury by activating NRF2/HO-1 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3460-3478. [PMID: 37269088 PMCID: PMC10580351 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a devastating neurological disease, spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe tissue loss and neurological dysfunction. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor with a major regulatory role in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism and recently has been implicated in the central nervous system. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of PXR in SCI. METHODS The clip-compressive SCI model was performed in male wild-type C57BL/6 (PXR+/+ ) and PXR-knockout (PXR-/- ) mice. The N2a H2 O2 -induced injury model mimicked the pathological process of SCI in vitro. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), a mouse-specific PXR agonist, was used to activate PXR in vivo and in vitro. The siRNA was applied to knock down the PXR expression in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to discover the relevant mechanism, and the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 was used to validate the involvement of PXR in influencing the NRF2/HO-1 pathway in the SCI process. RESULTS The expression of PXR decreased after SCI and reached a minimum on the third day. In vivo, PXR knockout significantly improved the motor function of mice after SCI, meanwhile, inhibited apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress induced by SCI. On the contrary, activation of PXR by PCN negatively influenced the recovery of SCI. Mechanistically, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that PXR activation downregulated the mRNA level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) after SCI. We further verified that PXR deficiency activated the NRF2/HO-1 pathway and PXR activation inhibited this pathway in vitro. CONCLUSION PXR is involved in the recovery of motor function after SCI by regulating NRF2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Na Xuan
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhen‐Xin Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhen‐Fu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiao‐Wan Sun
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wen‐Hua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hui‐Tao Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsTaizhou Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceLinhaiChina
| | - Rong‐Fang Qiao
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lin‐Jie Shen
- Department of GastroenterologyNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
| | - Shao‐Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Guan‐Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Lin Wen
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhi‐Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic DiseasesDalianChina
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Epileptic Center of Liaoningthe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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13
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Lan H, Zhang Y, Fan M, Wu B, Wang C. Pregnane X receptor as a therapeutic target for cholestatic liver injury. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:371-387. [PMID: 37593784 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2248680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injury (CLI) is caused by toxic bile acids (BAs) accumulation in the liver and can lead to inflammation and liver fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying CLI development remain unclear, and this disease has no effective cure. However, regulating BA synthesis and homeostasis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for CLI treatment. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an essential role in the metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics via the transcription of metabolic enzymes and transporters, which can ultimately modulate BA homeostasis and exert anticholestatic effects. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that PXR exhibits antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties, providing novel insights into treating CLI. Meanwhile, several drugs have been identified as PXR agonists that improve CLI. Nevertheless, the precise role of PXR in CLI still needs to be fully understood. This review summarizes how PXR improves CLI by ameliorating cholestasis, inhibiting inflammation, and reducing fibrosis and discusses the progress of promising PXR agonists for treating CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lan
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minqi Fan
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bingxin Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
It took several hundred million years of evolution, in order to develop the endocrine vitamin D signaling system, which is formed by a nuclear receptor, the transcription factor VDR (vitamin D receptor), its ligand, the vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and several metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins. Even within the nuclear receptor superfamily the affinity of VDR for 1,25(OH)2D3 is outstandingly high (KD = 0.1 nM). The activation of VDR by 1,25(OH)2D3 is the core mechanism of genomic signaling of vitamin D3, which results in the modulation of the epigenome at thousands of promoter and enhancer regions as well as finally in the activation or repression of hundreds of target gene transcription. In addition, rapid non-genomic actions of vitamin D are described, which are mechanistically far less understood. The main function of vitamin D is to keep the human body in homeostasis. This implies the control of calcium levels, which is essential for bone mineralization, as well as for pushing of innate immunity to react sufficiently strong to microbe infection and preventing overreactions of adaptive immunity, i.e., not to cause autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss whether genomic signaling is sufficient for explaining all physiological functions of vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-10748 Olsztyn, Poland; School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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15
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Afshinpour M, Smith LA, Chakravarty S. AQcalc: A web server that identifies weak molecular interactions in protein structures. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4762. [PMID: 37596782 PMCID: PMC10503417 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Weak molecular interactions play an important role in protein structure and function. Computational tools that identify weak molecular interactions are, therefore, valuable for the study of proteins. Here, we present AQcalc, a web server (https://aqcalcbiocomputing.com/) that can be used to identify anion-quadrupole (AQ) interactions, which are weak interactions involving aromatic residue (Trp, Tyr, and Phe) ring edges and anions (Asp, Glu, and phosphate ion) both within proteins and at their interfaces (protein-protein, protein-nucleic acids, and protein-lipid bilayer). AQcalc identifies AQ interactions as well as clusters involving AQ, cation-π, and salt bridges, among others. Utilizing AQcalc we analyzed weak interactions in protein models, even in the absence of experimental structures, to understand the contributions of weak interactions to deleterious structural changes, including those associated with oncogenic and germline disease variants. We identified several deleterious variants with disrupted AQ interactions (comparable in frequency to cation-π disruptions). Amyloid fibrils utilize AQ to bury anions at frequencies that far exceed those observed for globular proteins. AQ interactions were detected three and five times more frequently than the hydrogen-bonded AQ (HBAQ) in fibril structures and protein-lipid bilayer interfaces, respectively. By contrast, AQ and HBAQ interactions were detected with similar frequencies in globular proteins. Collectively, these findings suggest AQcalc will be effective in facilitating fine structural analysis. As other web utilities designed to identify protein residue interaction networks do not report AQ interactions, wide use of AQcalc will enrich our understanding of residue interaction networks and facilitate hypothesis testing by identifying and experimentally characterizing these comparably weak but important interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Afshinpour
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistrySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Logan A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistrySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Suvobrata Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistrySouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
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16
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Rastinejad F. The protein architecture and allosteric landscape of HNF4α. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1219092. [PMID: 37732120 PMCID: PMC10507258 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is a multi-faceted nuclear receptor responsible for governing the development and proper functioning of liver and pancreatic islet cells. Its transcriptional functions encompass the regulation of vital metabolic processes including cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, and glucose sensing and control. Various genetic mutations and alterations in HNF4α are associated with diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cancers. From a structural perspective, HNF4α is one of the most comprehensively understood nuclear receptors due to its crystallographically observed architecture revealing interconnected DNA binding domains (DBDs) and ligand binding domains (LBDs). This review discusses key properties of HNF4α, including its mode of homodimerization, its binding to fatty acid ligands, the importance of post-translational modifications, and the mechanistic basis for allosteric functions. The surfaces linking HNF4α's DBDs and LBDs create a convergence zone that allows signals originating from any one domain to influence distant domains. The HNF4α-DNA complex serves as a prime illustration of how nuclear receptors utilize individual domains for specific functions, while also integrating these domains to create cohesive higher-order architectures that allow signal responsive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute (NDMRB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Mohan CD, Warrier S, Hui KM, Rangappa KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:765-822. [PMID: 36482154 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, immune modulation, development, reproduction, and aging are extensively orchestrated by different NRs. The involvement of dysregulated NRs and NR-mediated signaling pathways in driving cancer cell hallmarks has been thoroughly investigated. Targeting NRs has been one of the major focuses of drug development strategies for cancer interventions. Interestingly, rapid progress in molecular biology and drug screening reveals that the naturally occurring compounds are promising modern oncology drugs which are free of potentially inevitable repercussions that are associated with synthetic compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to draw our attention to the potential therapeutic effects of various classes of natural compounds that target NRs such as phytochemicals, dietary components, venom constituents, royal jelly-derived compounds, and microbial derivatives in the establishment of novel and safe medications for cancer treatment. This review also emphasizes molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are leveraged to promote the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds. We have also critically reviewed and assessed the advantages and limitations of current preclinical and clinical studies on this subject for cancer prophylaxis. This might subsequently pave the way for new paradigms in the discovery of drugs that target specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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18
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Endo Y, Kanno T, Nakajima T, Ikeda K, Taketomi Y, Yokoyama S, Sasamoto S, Asou HK, Miyako K, Hasegawa Y, Kawashima Y, Ohara O, Murakami M, Nakayama T. 1-Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine stimulates RORγt activity in T H17 cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd4346. [PMID: 37540735 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic fluxes involving fatty acid biosynthesis play essential roles in controlling the differentiation of T helper 17 (TH17) cells. However, the exact enzymes and lipid metabolites involved, as well as their link to promoting the core gene transcriptional signature required for the differentiation of TH17 cells, remain largely unknown. From a pooled CRISPR-based screen and unbiased lipidomics analyses, we identified that 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine could act as a lipid modulator of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) activity in TH17 cells. In addition, we specified five enzymes, including Gpam, Gpat3, Lplat1, Pla2g12a, and Scd2, suggestive of the requirement of glycerophospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids being required for the transcription of Il17a. 1-Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine was reduced in Pla2g12a-deficient TH17 cells, leading to the abolition of interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and disruption to the core transcriptional program required for the differentiation of TH17 cells. Furthermore, mice with T cell-specific deficiency of Pla2g12a failed to develop disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, our data indicate that 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine is a lipid metabolite that promotes RORγt-induced TH17 cell differentiation and the pathogenicity of TH17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
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19
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Tsai JM, Aguirre JD, Li YD, Brown J, Focht V, Kater L, Kempf G, Sandoval B, Schmitt S, Rutter JC, Galli P, Sandate CR, Cutler JA, Zou C, Donovan KA, Lumpkin RJ, Cavadini S, Park PMC, Sievers Q, Hatton C, Ener E, Regalado BD, Sperling MT, Słabicki M, Kim J, Zon R, Zhang Z, Miller PG, Belizaire R, Sperling AS, Fischer ES, Irizarry R, Armstrong SA, Thomä NH, Ebert BL. UBR5 forms ligand-dependent complexes on chromatin to regulate nuclear hormone receptor stability. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2753-2767.e10. [PMID: 37478846 PMCID: PMC11134608 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-binding transcription factors that are widely targeted therapeutically. Agonist binding triggers NR activation and subsequent degradation by unknown ligand-dependent ubiquitin ligase machinery. NR degradation is critical for therapeutic efficacy in malignancies that are driven by retinoic acid and estrogen receptors. Here, we demonstrate the ubiquitin ligase UBR5 drives degradation of multiple agonist-bound NRs, including the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), retinoid x receptor alpha (RXRA), glucocorticoid, estrogen, liver-X, progesterone, and vitamin D receptors. We present the high-resolution cryo-EMstructure of full-length human UBR5 and a negative stain model representing its interaction with RARA/RXRA. Agonist ligands induce sequential, mutually exclusive recruitment of nuclear coactivators (NCOAs) and UBR5 to chromatin to regulate transcriptional networks. Other pharmacological ligands such as selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) degrade their receptors through differential recruitment of UBR5 or RNF111. We establish the UBR5 transcriptional regulatory hub as a common mediator and regulator of NR-induced transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob D Aguirre
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Der Li
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jared Brown
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Focht
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Kater
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kempf
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brittany Sandoval
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Schmitt
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pius Galli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Colby R Sandate
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jevon A Cutler
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Zou
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Lumpkin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Cavadini
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul M C Park
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Quinlan Sievers
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charlie Hatton
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ener
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon D Regalado
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Micah T Sperling
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Zon
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zinan Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter G Miller
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger Belizaire
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Sperling
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rafael Irizarry
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas H Thomä
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Division of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Choi WJ, Haratipour Z, Blind RD. Full-length nuclear receptor allosteric regulation. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100406. [PMID: 37356665 PMCID: PMC10388211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of transcription factors regulated by a wide range of lipids that include phospholipids, fatty acids, heme-based metabolites, and cholesterol-based steroids. Encoded as classic two-domain modular transcription factors, nuclear receptors possess a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a lipid ligand-binding domain (LBD) containing a transcriptional activation function. Decades of structural studies on the isolated LBDs of nuclear receptors established that lipid-ligand binding allosterically regulates the conformation of the LBD, regulating transcriptional coregulator recruitment and thus nuclear receptor function. These structural studies have aided the development of several FDA-approved drugs, highlighting the importance of understanding the structure-function relationships between lipids and nuclear receptors. However, there are few published descriptions of full-length nuclear receptor structure and even fewer descriptions of how lipids might allosterically regulate full-length structure. Here, we examine multidomain interactions based on the published full-length nuclear receptor structures, evaluating the potential of interdomain interfaces within these nuclear receptors to act as inducible sites of allosteric regulation by lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Jae Choi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zeinab Haratipour
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Precision Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Precision Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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21
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Segal D, Dostie J. The Talented LncRNAs: Meshing into Transcriptional Regulatory Networks in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3433. [PMID: 37444543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a group of diseases characterized by uncontrollable cell growth, cancer is highly multifaceted in how it overrides checkpoints controlling proliferation. Amongst the regulators of these checkpoints, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can have key roles in why natural biological processes go haywire. LncRNAs represent a large class of regulatory transcripts that can localize anywhere in cells. They were found to affect gene expression on many levels from transcription to mRNA translation and even protein stability. LncRNA participation in such control mechanisms can depend on cell context, with given transcripts sometimes acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Importantly, the tissue-specificity and low expression levels of lncRNAs make them attractive therapeutic targets or biomarkers. Here, we review the various cellular processes affected by lncRNAs and outline molecular strategies they use to control gene expression, particularly in cancer and in relation to transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Segal
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Josée Dostie
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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22
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Zeng J, Li M, Zhao Q, Chen M, Zhao L, Wei S, Yang H, Zhao Y, Wang A, Shen J, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Wang F, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wang T, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu X. Small molecule inhibitors of RORγt for Th17 regulation in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:545-562. [PMID: 37440911 PMCID: PMC10334362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a ligand-dependent transcription factor, retinoid-associated orphan receptor γt (RORγt) that controls T helper (Th) 17 cell differentiation and interleukin (IL)-17 expression plays a critical role in the progression of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. An emerging novel approach to the therapy of these diseases thus involves controlling the transcriptional capacity of RORγt to decrease Th17 cell development and IL-17 production. Several RORγt inhibitors including both antagonists and inverse agonists have been discovered to regulate the transcriptional activity of RORγt by binding to orthosteric- or allosteric-binding sites in the ligand-binding domain. Some of small-molecule inhibitors have entered clinical evaluations. Therefore, in current review, the role of RORγt in Th17 regulation and Th17-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases was highlighted. Notably, the recently developed RORγt inhibitors were summarized, with an emphasis on their optimization from lead compounds, efficacy, toxicity, mechanisms of action, and clinical trials. The limitations of current development in this area were also discussed to facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tiangang Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
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23
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Tian SY, Chen SM, Feng YY, He JL, Li Y. Ginseng-derived panaxadiol ameliorates STZ-induced type 1 diabetes through inhibiting RORγ/IL-17A axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1217-1226. [PMID: 36650291 PMCID: PMC10203104 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) is a major transcription factor for proinflammatory IL-17A production. Here, we revealed that the RORγ deficiency protects mice from STZ-induced Type 1 diabetes (T1D) through inhibiting IL-17A production, leading to improved pancreatic islet β cell function, thereby uncovering a potential novel therapeutic target for treating T1D. We further identified a novel RORγ inverse agonist, ginseng-derived panaxadiol, which selectively inhibits RORγ transcriptional activity with a distinct cofactor recruitment profile from known RORγ ligands. Structural and functional studies of receptor-ligand interactions reveal the molecular basis for a unique binding mode for panaxadiol in the RORγ ligand-binding pocket. Despite its inverse agonist activity, panaxadiol induced the C-terminal AF-2 helix of RORγ to adopt a canonical active conformation. Interestingly, panaxadiol ameliorates mice from STZ-induced T1D through inhibiting IL-17A production in a RORγ-dependent manner. This study demonstrates a novel regulatory function of RORγ with linkage of the IL-17A pathway in pancreatic β cells, and provides a valuable molecule for further investigating RORγ functions in treating T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shu-Ming Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong-Yi Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia-Ling He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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24
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Somsen BA, Sijbesma E, Leysen S, Honzejkova K, Visser EJ, Cossar PJ, Obšil T, Brunsveld L, Ottmann C. Molecular basis and dual ligand regulation of tetrameric Estrogen Receptor α/14-3-3ζ protein complex. J Biol Chem 2023:104855. [PMID: 37224961 PMCID: PMC10302166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies targeting Nuclear Receptors (NRs) beyond their endogenous ligand binding pocket have gained significant scientific interest, driven by a need to circumvent problems associated with drug resistance and pharmacological profile. The hub protein 14-3-3 is an endogenous regulator of various NRs, providing a novel entry point for small molecule modulation of NR activity. Exemplified, 14-3-3 binding to the C-terminal F-domain of the Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), and small molecule stabilization of the ERα/14-3-3ζ protein complex by the natural product Fusicoccin A (FC-A), was demonstrated to downregulate ERα-mediated breast cancer proliferation. This presents a novel drug discovery approach to target ERα, however, structural and mechanistic insights into ERα/14-3-3 complex formation are lacking. Here, we provide an in-depth molecular understanding of the ERα/14-3-3ζ complex by isolating 14-3-3ζ in complex with an ERα protein construct comprising its Ligand Binding Domain (LBD) and phosphorylated F-domain. Bacterial co-expression and co-purification of the ERα/14-3-3ζ complex, followed by extensive biophysical and structural characterization, revealed a tetrameric complex between the ERα homodimer and the 14-3-3ζ homodimer. 14-3-3ζ binding to ERα, and ERα/14-3-3ζ complex stabilization by FC-A, appeared to be orthogonal to ERα endogenous agonist (E2) binding, E2-induced conformational changes, and cofactor recruitment. Similarly, the ERα antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen inhibited cofactor recruitment to the ERα LBD while ERα was bound to 14-3-3ζ. Furthermore, stabilization of the ERα/14-3-3ζ protein complex by FC-A was not influenced by the disease-associated and 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistant ERα-Y537S mutant. Together, these molecular and mechanistic insights provide direction for targeting ERα via the ERα/14-3-3 complex as an alternative drug discovery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente A Somsen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Seppe Leysen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Honzejkova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emira J Visser
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Cossar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tomáš Obšil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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25
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Lee ZY, Tran T. Genomic and non-genomic effects of glucocorticoids in respiratory diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:1-30. [PMID: 37524484 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is an endogenous steroid hormone essential for the natural resolution of inflammation. Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) were developed and are currently amongst the most widely prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs in our modern clinical landscape owing to their potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the extent of GC's effects has yet to be fully elucidated. Indeed, GCs modulate a broad spectrum of cellular activity, from their classical regulation of gene expression to acute non-genomic mechanisms of action. Furthermore, tissue specific effects, disease specific conditions, and dose-dependent responses complicate their use, with side-effects potentially plaguing their use. It is thus vital to outline and consolidate the effects of GCs, to demystify and maximize their therapeutic potential while avoiding pitfalls that would otherwise render them obsolete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yong Lee
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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26
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Akinola LK, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Abechi SE. Development of binary classification models for grouping hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls into active and inactive thyroid hormone receptor agonists. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:267-284. [PMID: 37139950 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2207039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Some adverse effects of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in humans are presumed to be initiated via thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding. Due to the trial-and-error approach adopted for OH-PCB selection in previous studies, experiments designed to test the TR binding hypothesis mostly utilized inactive OH-PCBs, leading to considerable waste of time, effort and other material resources. In this paper, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and binary logistic regression (LR) were used to develop classification models to group OH-PCBs into active and inactive TR agonists using radial distribution function (RDF) descriptors as predictor variables. The classifications made by both LDA and LR models on the training set compounds resulted in an accuracy of 84.3%, sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 90.9%. The areas under the ROC curves, constructed with the training set data, were found to be 0.872 and 0.880 for LDA and LR models, respectively. External validation of the models revealed that 76.5% of the test set compounds were correctly classified by both LDA and LR models. These findings suggest that the two models reported in this paper are good and reliable for classifying OH-PCB congeners into active and inactive TR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Akinola
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - A Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - G A Shallangwa
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S E Abechi
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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27
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Guo Y, Liu L, Cheng Y, Li H, Wan X, Ma J, Liu J, Liang W, Zhang P, Chen J, Cao X, Guan H, Xiao H, Li Y. Steroidogenic factor 1 protects mice from obesity-induced glucose intolerance via improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by beta cells. iScience 2023; 26:106451. [PMID: 37020955 PMCID: PMC10068556 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a potential druggable nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) regulates obesity and insulin resistance in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Herein, we sought to demonstrate its expression and functions in islets in the development of obesity-induced diabetes. SF1 was barely detected in the beta cells of lean mice but highly expressed in those of non-diabetic obese mice, while decreased in diabetic ones. Conditional deletion of SF1 in beta cells predisposed diet-induced obese (DIO) mice to glucose intolerance by perturbing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Consistently, forced expression of SF1 restored favorable glucose homeostasis in DIO and db/db mice by improving GSIS. In isolated islets and MIN6, overexpression of SF1 also potentiated GSIS, mediated by improvement of mitochondrial ATP production. The underlying mechanisms may involve oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolism. Collectively, SF1 in beta cell preserves GSIS to promote beta-cell adaptation to obesity and hence is a potential therapeutic target for obesity-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yanglei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xuesi Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiajing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Corresponding author
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28
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Kanno T, Nakajima T, Miyako K, Endo Y. Lipid metabolism in Th17 cell function. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108411. [PMID: 37037407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the subset of T helper cells, Th17 cells are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. The master transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), a nuclear hormone receptor, plays a vital role in inducing Th17-cell differentiation. Recent findings suggest that metabolic control is critical for Th17-cell differentiation, particularly through the engagement of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, either through the use of pharmacological inhibitors or by the deficiency of related enzymes in CD4+ T cells, results in significant suppression of Th17-cell differentiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that metabolic fluxes through both the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways are essential for controlling RORγt activity through the generation of a lipid ligand of RORγt. This review highlights recent findings that underscore the significant role of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, as well as elucidating the distinctive molecular pathways that drive the activation of RORγt by cellular lipid metabolism. We further elaborate on a pioneering therapeutic approach for ameliorating autoimmune disorders via the inhibition of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
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29
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Kawasaki M, Motoyama T, Yamada S, Watanabe M, Fujihara M, Kambe A, Nakano S, Kakuta H, Ito S. Ligand Screening System for the RXRα Heterodimer Using the Fluorescence RXR Agonist CU-6PMN. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:291-296. [PMID: 36923911 PMCID: PMC10009790 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR), a nuclear receptor (NR) that regulates transcription of target genes in a ligand binding-dependent manner, is of interest as a drug target. RXR agonists have been developed as therapeutic agents for cutaneous invasive T-cell lymphoma (e.g., bexarotene (1)) and investigated as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Screening systems for the binding of RXR alone have been reported. However, although RXRs function as RXR heterodimers, information on systems to evaluate the differential binding of RXR agonists as RXR heterodimers has not been available until recently. Here we show that the fluorescent RXR agonist CU-6PMN (3), designed by our group, can be useful for assessing RXR binding to PPARγ/RXRα, and that the binding data differ from those of RXRα alone. This screening method opens a new avenue for binding assays for RXR heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Kawasaki
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Motoyama
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shoya Yamada
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujihara
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Kambe
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- PREST,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate
School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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30
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Liang Z, Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu W, Lu Y. Research Progress on Bioactive Metal Complexes against ER-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2235-2256. [PMID: 36780448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and represents a serious disease that is harmful to life and health. In 1977, with the approval of tamoxifen, endocrine therapy has become the main clinical treatment for ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although patients initially respond well to endocrine therapies, drug resistance often emerges and side effects can be challenging. To overcome drug resistance, the exploration for new drugs is a priority. Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities, and platinum complexes are widely used in the clinic against various cancers, including breast cancer. In this Perspective, the first section describes the classification and mechanism of endocrine therapy drugs for ER+ breast cancer, and the second section summarizes research since 2000 into metal complexes with activity toward ER+ breast cancer. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, challenges, and future directions for metal complexes in the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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31
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du Plessis M, Fourie C, Stone W, Engelbrecht AM. The impact of endocrine disrupting compounds and carcinogens in wastewater: Implications for breast cancer. Biochimie 2023; 209:103-115. [PMID: 36775066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer is often associated with geographic variation which indicates that a person's surrounding environment can be an important etiological factor in cancer development. Environmental risk factors can include exposure to sewage- or wastewater, which consist of a complex mixture of pathogens, mutagens and carcinogens. Wastewater contains primarily carbonaceous, nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds, however it can also contain trace amounts of chemical pollutants including toxic metal cations, hydrocarbons and pesticides. More importantly, the contamination of drinking water by wastewater is a potential source of exposure to mammary carcinogens and endocrine disrupting compounds. Organic solvents and other pollutants often found in wastewater have been detected in various tissues, including breast and adipose tissues. Furthermore, these pollutants such as phenolic compounds in some detergents and plastics, as well as parabens and pesticides can mimic estrogen. High estrogen levels are a well-established risk factor for estrogen-receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Therefore, exposure to wastewater is a risk factor for the initiation, progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Carcinogens present in wastewater can promote tumourigenesis through various mechanisms, including the formation of DNA adducts, gene mutations and oxidative stress. Lastly, the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater can have negative implications for ER-positive breast cancers, where these molecules can activate ERα to promote cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. As such, strategies should be implemented to limit exposure, such as providing funding into treatment technologies and implementation of regulations that limit the production and use of these potentially harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Carla Fourie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Wendy Stone
- Stellenbosch University Water Institute, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa; African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
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32
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Wang YW, Lan L, Wang M, Zhang JY, Gao YH, Shi L, Sun LP. PROTACS: A technology with a gold rush-like atmosphere. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115037. [PMID: 36566716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally expressed or malfunctioning proteins may affect or even damage cells, leading to the onset of diseases. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology has been proven to be a fresh therapeutic strategy, superior to conventional small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic proteins. Unlike conventional small molecule inhibitors that are occupancy-driven, PROTACs are heterobifunctional small molecules with catalytic properties. They combine with E3 ligases and target proteins to form a ternary complex, rendering the target protein ubiquitous and subsequently degraded by the proteasome. This paper focuses first on significant events in the development of PROTAC technology from 2001 to 2022, followed by a brief overview of various PROTACs categorized by target proteins. In addition, the applications of PROTACs in the treatment of diseases and fundamental biology are also under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yu-Hui Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design & Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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33
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Griffett K, Burris TP. Development of LXR inverse agonists to treat MAFLD, NASH, and other metabolic diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1102469. [PMID: 36817797 PMCID: PMC9932051 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of LXR activity by synthetic agonists has been the focus of many drug discovery efforts with a focus on treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Many agonists have been developed, but all have been hindered due to their ability to efficaciously stimulate de novo lipogenesis. Here, we review the development of LXR inverse agonists that were originally optimized for their ability to enable recruitment of corepressors leading to silencing of genes that drive de novo lipogenesis. Such compounds have efficacy in animal models of MAFLD, dyslipidemia, and cancer. Several classes of LXR inverse agonists have been identified and one is now in clinical trials for treatment of severe dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Griffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- The University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Thomas P. Burris,
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34
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Xu M, Shen YM, Han XY, Liu C, Jiang Q, Cao X, Yan B. "One stone and two birds" strategy to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration by a novel retinoid drug, EYE-101. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109385. [PMID: 36638858 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a typical pathological feature of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and has become a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Current therapies require repeated intraocular injections of anti-VEGF drugs by inhibiting endothelial angiogenic effects, which is painful and may cause adverse effects on normal vascular and neuronal functions. Herein, we designed a novel retinoid drug, EYE-101, determined its therapeutic effects on CNV, and clarified the anti-angiogenic mechanism. The results show that administration of EYE-101 did not cause obvious cytotoxicity and ocular tissue toxicity at the concentrations less than 5 μM. Topical administration of EYE-101 could reduce choroidal sprouting, suppress laser-induced CNV formation, and decrease pericyte coverages on ocular vessels. Administration of EYE-101 also suppressed endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation and reduced pericyte proliferation, migration, recruitment towards endothelial cells. EYE-101 exerted its anti-angiogenic effects by targeting endothelial cells and pericytes via antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PDGF signaling. Thus, EYE-101 administration may offer an"one stone and two birds" strategy for the prevention and treatment of ocular neovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Ming Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Han
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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35
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Nuclear receptor: Structure and function. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 196:209-227. [PMID: 36813359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-dependent transcription factors are nuclear receptors (NRs) that regulate various critical cellular processes such as reproduction, metabolism, development, etc. NRs are classified into (subgroup 0 to subgroup 6) seven superfamilies based on ligand-binding characteristics. All NRs share a general domain structure (A/B, C, D, and E) with distinct essential functions. NRs as monomers, homodimers, or heterodimers bind to consensus DNA sequences known as Hormone Response Elements (HREs). Furthermore, nuclear receptor-binding efficiency depends on minor differences in the sequences of HREs, spacing between the two half-sites, and the flanking sequence of the response elements. NRs can trans-activate and repress their target genes. In positively regulated genes, ligand-bound NRs recruit coactivators to activate the target gene expression, and unliganded NRs cause transcriptional repression. On the other hand, NRs repress gene expression by different mechanisms: (i) ligand-dependent transcriptional repression, (ii) ligand-independent transcriptional repression. This chapter will briefly explain NR superfamilies, their structures, molecular mechanism of action and their role in pathophysiological conditions, etc. That could enable the discovery of new receptors and their ligands and may elucidate their roles in various physiological processes. In addition, therapeutic agonists and antagonists would be developed to control the dysregulation of nuclear receptor signaling.
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36
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Na SY, Kim KS, Jung YS, Kim DK, Kim J, Cho SJ, Lee IK, Chung J, Kim JS, Choi HS. An Inverse Agonist GSK5182 Increases Protein Stability of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor ERRγ via Inhibition of Ubiquitination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010096. [PMID: 36613556 PMCID: PMC9820335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is a constitutively active transcription factor involved in mitochondrial metabolism and energy homeostasis. GSK5182, a specific inverse agonist of ERRγ that inhibits transcriptional activity, induces a conformational change in ERRγ, resulting in a loss of coactivator binding. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the stabilization of the ERRγ protein by its inverse agonist remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that GSK5182 inhibited ubiquitination of ERRγ, thereby stabilizing the ERRγ protein, using cell-based assays and confocal image analysis. Y326 of ERRγ was essential for stabilization by GSK5182, as ligand-induced stabilization of ERRγ was not observed with the ERRγ-Y326A mutant. GSK5182 suppressed ubiquitination of ERRγ by the E3 ligase Parkin and subsequent degradation. The inhibitory activity of GSK5182 was strong even when the ERRγ protein level was elevated, as ERRγ bound to GSK5182 recruited a corepressor, small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper (SMILE), through the activation function 2 (AF-2) domain, without alteration of the nuclear localization or DNA-binding ability of ERRγ. In addition, the AF-2 domain of ERRγ was critical for the regulation of protein stability. Mutants in the AF-2 domain were present at higher levels than the wild type in the absence of GSK5182. Furthermore, the ERRγ-L449A/L451A mutant was no longer susceptible to GSK5182. Thus, the AF-2 domain of ERRγ is responsible for the regulation of transcriptional activity and protein stability by GSK5182. These findings suggest that GSK5182 regulates ERRγ by a unique molecular mechanism, increasing the inactive form of ERRγ via inhibition of ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Na
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- SRC Center for Systems Geroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-0503
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37
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Liu Z, Hu M, Yang Y, Du C, Zhou H, Liu C, Chen Y, Fan L, Ma H, Gong Y, Xie Y. An overview of PROTACs: a promising drug discovery paradigm. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:46. [PMID: 36536188 PMCID: PMC9763089 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology has emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm in recent years. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules that degrade target proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Currently, about 20-25% of all protein targets are being studied, and most works focus on their enzymatic functions. Unlike small molecules, PROTACs inhibit the whole biological function of the target protein by binding to the target protein and inducing subsequent proteasomal degradation. PROTACs compensate for limitations that transcription factors, nuclear proteins, and other scaffolding proteins are difficult to handle with traditional small-molecule inhibitors. Currently, PROTACs have successfully degraded diverse proteins, such as BTK, BRD4, AR, ER, STAT3, IRAK4, tau, etc. And ARV-110 and ARV-471 exhibited excellent efficacy in clinical II trials. However, what targets are appropriate for PROTAC technology to achieve better benefits than small-molecule inhibitors are not fully understood. And how to rationally design an efficient PROTACs and optimize it to be orally effective poses big challenges for researchers. In this review, we summarize the features of PROTAC technology, analyze the detail of general principles for designing efficient PROTACs, and discuss the typical application of PROTACs targeting different protein categories. In addition, we also introduce the progress of relevant clinical trial results of representative PROTACs and assess the challenges and limitations that PROTACs may face. Collectively, our studies provide references for further application of PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Mingxing Hu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yu Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chenghao Du
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, 90089 USA
| | - Haoxuan Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chengyali Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yuanwei Chen
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lei Fan
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hongqun Ma
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Youling Gong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Interactions governing transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1941-1952. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The key players in transcriptional regulation are transcription factors (TFs), proteins that bind specific DNA sequences. Several mechanisms exist to turn TFs ‘on’ and ‘off’, including ligand binding which induces conformational changes within TFs, subsequently influencing multiple inter- and intramolecular interactions to drive transcriptional responses. Nuclear receptors are a specific family of ligand-regulated TFs whose activity relies on interactions with DNA, coregulator proteins and other receptors. These multidomain proteins also undergo interdomain interactions on multiple levels, further modulating transcriptional outputs. Cooperation between these distinct interactions is critical for appropriate transcription and remains an intense area of investigation. In this review, we report and summarize recent findings that continue to advance our mechanistic understanding of how interactions between nuclear receptors and diverse partners influence transcription.
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Ma L, Tang J, Cai G, Chen F, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Hou N, Yi W. Structure-based screening and biological validation of the anti-thrombotic drug-dicoumarol as a novel and potent PPARγ-modulating ligand. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Mediates the Lethal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cryptomeridiol in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233870. [PMID: 36497127 PMCID: PMC9737475 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly possesses chronical elevation of IRE1α-ASK1 signaling. Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77, a promising therapeutic target in various cancer types, is frequently silenced in HCC. In this study, we show that cryptomeridiol (Bkh126), a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid derivative isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis, has therapeutic efficacy in HCC by aggravating the pre-activated UPR and activating the silenced Nur77. Mechanistically, Nur77 is induced to sense IRE1α-ASK1-JNK signaling and translocate to the mitochondria, which leads to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). The Bkh126-induced aggravation of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction result in increased cytotoxic product of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The in vivo anti-HCC activity of Bkh126 is superior to that of sorafenib, currently used to treat advanced HCC. Our study shows that Bkh126 induces Nur77 to connect ER stress to mitochondria-mediated cell killing. The identification of Nur77 as a molecular target of Bhk126 provides a basis for improving the leads for the further development of anti-HCC drugs.
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Huanyu T, Jianghong S, Wei G, Jiawei Z, Hui G, Yunhe W. Environmental fate and toxicity of androgens: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113849. [PMID: 35843282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are released by humans and livestock into the environment and which cause potent endocrine disruptions even at nanogram per liter levels. In this article, we reviewed updated research results on the structure, source, distribution characteristics and the fate of androgens in ecological systems; and emphasized the potential risk of androgens in aquatic organism. Androgens have moderately solubility in water (23.6-58.4 mg/L) and moderately hydrophobic (log Kow 2.75-4.40). The concentration of androgens in surface waters were mostly in ng/L ranges. The removal efficiencies of main wastewater treatment processes were about 70-100%, except oxidation ditch and stabilization ponds. Sludge adsorption and microbial degradation play important role in the androgens remove. The conjugated androgens were transformed into free androgens in environmental matrices. Global efforts to provide more toxicity data and establish standard monitoring methods need a revisit. Of the day available, there is an urgent need for comprehensive consideration of the impact of androgens on the environment and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huanyu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Jianghong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guo Wei
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhang Jiawei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Hui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wang Yunhe
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Rastinejad F. Retinoic acid receptor structures: the journey from single domains to full-length complex. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:T25-T36. [PMID: 36069789 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptors (RARα, β, and γ) are multi-domain polypeptides that heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRα, β, and γ) to form functional transcription factors. Understanding the three-dimensional molecular organization of these nuclear receptors (NRs) began with RAR and RXR DNA-binding domains (DBDs), and were followed with studies on isolated ligand-binding domains (LBDs). The more complete picture emerged in 2017 with the multi-domain crystal structure of RXRα-RARβ on its response element with retinoic acid molecules and coactivator segments on both proteins. The analysis of that structure and its complementary studies have clarified the direct communication pathways within RXR-RAR polypeptides, through which DNA binding, protein-ligand, and protein-protein interactions are integrated for overall functional responses. Understanding the molecular connections in the RXR-RAR complex has benefited from direct observations of the multi-domain structures of RXRα-PPARγ, RXRα-LXRβ, HNF-4α homodimer, and androgen receptor homodimer, each bound to its response element. These comprehensive NR structures show unique quaternary architectures, yet all have DBD-DBD, LBD-LBD, and DBD-LBD domain-domain contacts within them. These convergence zones allow signals from discrete domains of their polypeptides to be propagated and integrated across their entire complex, shaping their overall responses in an allosteric fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Target Discovery Institute (NDM RB), Oxford, UK
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Ozyurt R, Ozpolat B. Molecular Mechanisms of Anti-Estrogen Therapy Resistance and Novel Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5206. [PMID: 36358625 PMCID: PMC9655708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, constituting one-third of all cancers in women, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Anti-estrogen therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators, significantly improve survival in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC patients, which represents about 70% of cases. However, about 60% of patients inevitably experience intrinsic or acquired resistance to anti-estrogen therapies, representing a major clinical problem that leads to relapse, metastasis, and patient deaths. The resistance mechanisms involve mutations of the direct targets of anti-estrogen therapies, compensatory survival pathways, as well as alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNA) that regulate the activity of survival and signaling pathways. Although cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have significantly improved survival, the efficacy of these therapies alone and in combination with anti-estrogen therapy for advanced ER+ BC, are not curative in advanced and metastatic disease. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms causing treatment resistance is critical for developing highly effective therapies and improving patient survival. This review focuses on the key mechanisms that contribute to anti-estrogen therapy resistance and potential new treatment strategies alone and in combination with anti-estrogen drugs to improve the survival of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeysa Ozyurt
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Nanomedicine, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Allosteric Antagonism of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): Current-State-of-the-Art and Prediction of Novel Allosteric Sites. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192974. [PMID: 36230936 PMCID: PMC9563780 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-activated transcription factor with high levels of expression in the liver. It not only plays a key role in drug metabolism and elimination, but also promotes tumor growth, drug resistance, and metabolic diseases. It has been proposed as a therapeutic target for type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, and PXR antagonists have recently been considered as a therapy for colon cancer. There are currently no PXR antagonists that can be used in a clinical setting. Nevertheless, due to the large and complex ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of the PXR, it is challenging to discover PXR antagonists at the orthosteric site. Alternative ligand binding sites of the PXR have also been proposed and are currently being studied. Recently, the AF-2 allosteric binding site of the PXR has been identified, with several compounds modulating the site discovered. Herein, we aimed to summarize our current knowledge of allosteric modulation of the PXR as well as our attempt to unlock novel allosteric sites. We describe the novel binding function 3 (BF-3) site of PXR, which is also common for other nuclear receptors. In addition, we also mention a novel allosteric site III based on in silico prediction. The identified allosteric sites of the PXR provide new insights into the development of safe and efficient allosteric modulators of the PXR receptor. We therefore propose that novel PXR allosteric sites might be promising targets for treating chronic metabolic diseases and some cancers.
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Radaeva M, Li H, LeBlanc E, Dalal K, Ban F, Ciesielski F, Chow B, Morin H, Awrey S, Singh K, Rennie PS, Lallous N, Cherkasov A. Structure-Based Study to Overcome Cross-Reactivity of Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182785. [PMID: 36139361 PMCID: PMC9497135 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation-driven transformation of clinical anti-androgen drugs into agonists of the human androgen receptor (AR) represents a major challenge for the treatment of prostate cancer patients. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel class of inhibitors targeting the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the receptor, which is distanced from the androgen binding site (ABS) targeted by all conventional anti-AR drugs and prone to resistant mutations. While many members of the developed 4-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)morpholine series of AR-DBD inhibitors demonstrated the effective suppression of wild-type AR, a few represented by 4-(4-(3-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)morpholine (VPC14368) exhibited a partial agonistic effect toward the mutated T878A form of the receptor, implying their cross-interaction with the AR ABS. To study the molecular basis of the observed cross-reactivity, we co-crystallized the T878A mutated form of the AR ligand binding domain (LBD) with a bound VPC14368 molecule. Computational modelling revealed that helix 12 of AR undergoes a characteristic shift upon VPC14368 binding causing the agonistic behaviour. Based on the obtained structural data we then designed derivatives of VPC14368 to successfully eliminate the cross-reactivity towards the AR ABS, while maintaining significant anti-AR DBD potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Radaeva
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Huifang Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Eric LeBlanc
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Kush Dalal
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Ban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | | | - Bonny Chow
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Helene Morin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Shannon Awrey
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Kriti Singh
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Paul S. Rennie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Nada Lallous
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (A.C.)
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Daffern N, Radhakrishnan I. A Novel Mechanism of Coactivator Recruitment by the Nurr1 Nuclear Receptor. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167718. [PMID: 35810793 PMCID: PMC9922031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors constitute one of the largest families of transcription factors that regulate genes in metazoans in response to small molecule ligands. Many receptors harbor two transactivation domains, one at each end of the protein sequence. Whereas the molecular mechanisms of transactivation mediated by the ligand-binding domain at the C-terminus of the protein are generally well established, the mechanism involving the N-terminal domain called activation function 1 (AF1) has remained elusive. Previous studies implicated the AF1 domain as a significant contributor towards the overall transcriptional activity of the NR4A family of nuclear receptors and suggested that the steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) play an important role in this process. Here we show that a short segment within the AF1 domain of the NR4A receptor Nurr1 can directly engage with the SRC1 PAS-B domain. We also show that this segment forms a helix upon binding to a largely hydrophobic groove on PAS-B, overlapping with the surface engaged by the STAT6 transcription factor, suggesting that this mode of recruitment could be shared by diverse transcription factors including other nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishwar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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47
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Stifel U, Caratti G, Tuckermann J. Novel insights into the regulation of cellular catabolic metabolism in macrophages through nuclear receptors. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2617-2629. [PMID: 35997656 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cellular catabolic metabolism in immune cells has recently become a major concept for resolution of inflammation. Nuclear receptors (NRs), including peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPARs), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) receptor (VDR), liver X receptors (LXRs), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and Nur77, have been identified as major modulators of inflammation, affecting innate immune cells, such as macrophages. Evidence emerges on how NRs regulate cellular metabolism in macrophages during inflammatory processes and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. This could have new implications for our understanding of how NRs shape immune responses and inform anti-inflammatory drug design. This review will highlight the recent developments about NRs and their role in cellular metabolism in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Isosteviol Sodium (STVNA) Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-6 and GM-CSF in an In Vitro Murine Stroke Model of the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091753. [PMID: 36145501 PMCID: PMC9505783 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early treatment with glucocorticoids could help reduce both cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, leading to improved clinical outcome after stroke. In our previous study, isosteviol sodium (STVNA) demonstrated neuroprotective effects in an in vitro stroke model, which utilizes oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that STVNA can activate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) as previously published for T cells. STVNA exhibited no effects on transcriptional activation of the glucocorticoid receptor, contrary to previous reports in Jurkat cells. However, similar to dexamethasone, STVNA inhibited inflammatory marker IL-6 as well as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion. Based on these results, STVNA proves to be beneficial as a possible prevention and treatment modality for brain ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction.
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Das S, Kulkarni S, Singh Y, Kumar P, Thareja S. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) for the Treatment of ER+ Breast Cancer: An Overview. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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50
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Akinola LK, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Abechi SE. Quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls as constitutive androstane receptor agonists. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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