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Lan Z, Huang J, Akutse KS, Lin Y. Impact of pre-harvest fungicide application on the storage performance of tomato fruits. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308670. [PMID: 39116056 PMCID: PMC11309479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
To examine the impact of pre-harvest fungicide applications on the postharvest storage performance of tomato fruits, we measured the lycopene content, hardness, soluble solids content, rotting rate, and weight loss rate of the fruits, as well as conducted a sensory assessment. Protective and systematic fungicides were sprayed on tomatoes 20 days before harvest in order to prevent rotting and weight loss during storage. Our findings showed that, the fungicide-treated tomatoes had a significantly lower rotting rate of 16.00% and a weight loss rate of 3.96%. However the control group experienced 65.33% rotting rate and 6.90% weight loss rate on 12th days of storage. Out of the pre-harvest applications, 'Zineb' a protective fungicide significantly delayed the loss of hardness and soluble solids accumulation in tomato fruits during storage, but it had no significant effect on lycopene content. On the other hand, when comparing to the examined treatment, the systemic fungicides did not have any significant effect on the postharvest storage performance of tomato fruits. Sensory evaluation results indicated that systemic fungicides improved the aroma of the fruits, while protective fungicides had a greater impact on the appearance and juiciness of the fruits. This study offers a potential novel solution for preserving fruits and vegetables which have been frequently infected by phytopathogens during storage, and consequently mitigate/reduce postharvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Lan
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Komivi S. Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yongwen Lin
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, China
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2
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Tong J, Zhao C, Liu D, Jambuthenne DT, Sun M, Dinglasan E, Periyannan SK, Hickey LT, Hayes BJ. Genome-wide atlas of rust resistance loci in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:179. [PMID: 38980436 PMCID: PMC11233289 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Rust diseases, including leaf rust, stripe/yellow rust, and stem rust, significantly impact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields, causing substantial economic losses every year. Breeding and deployment of cultivars with genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable approach to control these diseases. The genetic toolkit for wheat breeders to select for rust resistance has rapidly expanded with a multitude of genetic loci identified using the latest advances in genomics, mapping and cloning strategies. The goal of this review was to establish a wheat genome atlas that provides a comprehensive summary of reported loci associated with rust resistance. Our atlas provides a summary of mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) and characterised genes for the three rusts from 170 publications over the past two decades. A total of 920 QTL or resistance genes were positioned across the 21 chromosomes of wheat based on the latest wheat reference genome (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1). Interestingly, 26 genomic regions contained multiple rust loci suggesting they could have pleiotropic effects on two or more rust diseases. We discuss a range of strategies to exploit this wealth of genetic information to efficiently utilise sources of resistance, including genomic information to stack desirable and multiple QTL to develop wheat cultivars with enhanced resistance to rust disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Tong
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Cong Zhao
- National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dilani T Jambuthenne
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mengjing Sun
- National Wheat Improvement Centre, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Eric Dinglasan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Sambasivam K Periyannan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science and Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| | - Lee T Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ben J Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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3
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Li W, Li G, Xu W, Li Z, Qu H, Ma C, Zhang H, Cai M, Bahojb Noruzi E, Quan J, Periyasami G, Li H. Visible Light-Gating Responsive Nanochannel for Controlled Release of the Fungicide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401503. [PMID: 38705860 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Fungicides have been widely used to protect crops from the disease of pythium aphanidermatum (PA). However, excessive use of synthetic fungicides can lead to fungal pathogens developing microbicide resistance. Recently, biomimetic nano-delivery systems have been used for controlled release, reducing the overuse of fungicides, and thereby protecting the environment. In this paper, inspired by chloroplast membranes, visible light biomimetic channels are constructed by using retinal, the main component of green pigment on chloroplasts in plants, which can achieve the precise controlled release of the model fungicide methylene blue (MB). The experimental results show that the biomimetic channels have good circularity after and before light conditions. In addition, it is also found that the release of MB in visible light by the retinal-modified channels is 8.78 µmol·m-2·h-1, which is four times higher than that in the before light conditions. Furthermore, MB, a bactericide drug model released under visible light, can effectively inhibit the growth of PA, reaching a 97% inhibition effect. The biomimetic nanochannels can realize the controlled release of the fungicide MB, which provides a new way for the treatment of PA on the leaves surface of cucumber, further expanding the application field of biomimetic nanomembrane carrier materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Li
- Hubei Central China Normal University Overseas Study Service Center, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cuiguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Meng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanjiang Normal University, Shiyan, 442000, P. R. China
| | - Govindasami Periyasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide (CCNU) , College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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Ballu A, Ugazio C, Duplaix C, Noly A, Wullschleger J, Torriani SFF, Dérédec A, Carpentier F, Walker AS. Preventing multi-resistance: New insights for managing fungal adaptation. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16614. [PMID: 38570900 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable crop protection is vital for food security, yet it is under threat due to the adaptation of a diverse and evolving pathogen population. Resistance can be managed by maximising the diversity of selection pressure through dose variation and the spatial and temporal combination of active ingredients. This study explores the interplay between operational drivers for maximising the sustainability of management strategies in relation to the resistance status of fungal populations. We applied an experimental evolution approach to three artificial populations of Zymoseptoria tritici, an economically significant wheat pathogen, each differing in initial resistance status. Our findings reveal that diversified selection pressure curtails the selection of resistance in naïve populations and those with low frequencies of single resistance. Increasing the number of modes of action most effectively delays resistance development, surpassing the increase in the number of fungicides, fungicide choice based on resistance risk, and temporal variation in fungicide exposure. However, this approach favours generalism in the evolved populations. The prior presence of multiple resistant isolates and their subsequent selection in populations override the effects of diversity in management strategies, thereby invalidating any universal ranking. Therefore, the initial resistance composition must be specifically considered in sustainable resistance management to address real-world field situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Ballu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire Ugazio
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Alicia Noly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Anne Dérédec
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR BIOGER, Palaiseau, France
| | - Florence Carpentier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, Palaiseau Cedex, France
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5
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Taylor NP, Cunniffe NJ. Coupling machine learning and epidemiological modelling to characterise optimal fungicide doses when fungicide resistance is partial or quantitative. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220685. [PMID: 37073520 PMCID: PMC10113818 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing fungicide dose tends to lead to better short-term control of plant diseases. However, high doses select more rapidly for fungicide resistant strains, reducing long-term disease control. When resistance is qualitative and complete-i.e. resistant strains are unaffected by the chemical and resistance requires only a single genetic change-using the lowest possible dose ensuring sufficient control is well known as the optimal resistance management strategy. However, partial resistance (where resistant strains are still partially suppressed by the fungicide) and quantitative resistance (where a range of resistant strains are present) remain ill-understood. Here, we use a model of quantitative fungicide resistance (parametrized for the economically important fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici) which handles qualitative partial resistance as a special case. Although low doses are optimal for resistance management, we show that for some model parametrizations the resistance management benefit does not outweigh the improvement in control from increasing doses. This holds for both qualitative partial resistance and quantitative resistance. Via a machine learning approach (a gradient-boosted trees model combined with Shapley values to facilitate interpretability), we interpret the effect of parameters controlling pathogen mutation and characterising the fungicide, in addition to the time scale of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P. Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nik J. Cunniffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Taylor NP, Cunniffe NJ. Optimal Resistance Management for Mixtures of High-Risk Fungicides: Robustness to the Initial Frequency of Resistance and Pathogen Sexual Reproduction. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:55-69. [PMID: 35881866 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-22-0050-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong consensus that selection for fungicide resistant pathogen strains can be most effectively limited by using applications of mixtures of fungicides designed to balance disease control against selection. However, how to do this in practice is not entirely characterized. Previous work indicates optimal mixtures of pairs of fungicides which are both at a high risk of resistance can be constructed using pairs of doses that select equally for both single resistant strains in the first year of application. What has not been addressed thus far is the important real-world case in which the initial levels of resistance to each fungicide differ, for example because the chemicals have been available for different lengths of time. We show how recommendations based on equal selection in the first year can be suboptimal in this case. We introduce a simple alternative approach, based on equalizing the frequencies of single resistant strains in the year that achieving acceptable levels of control is predicted to become impossible. We show that this strategy is robust to changes in parameters controlling pathogen epidemiology and fungicide efficacy. We develop our recommendation using a preexisting, parameterized model of Zymoseptoria tritici (the pathogen causing Septoria leaf blotch on wheat), which exemplifies the range of plant pathogens that predominantly spread clonally, but for which sexual reproduction forms an important component of the life cycle. We show that pathogen sexual reproduction can influence the rate at which fungicide resistance develops but does not qualitatively affect our optimal resistance management recommendation. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P Taylor
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nik J Cunniffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
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Jørgensen LN, Matzen N, Heick TM, O’Driscoll A, Clark B, Waite K, Blake J, Glazek M, Maumene C, Couleaud G, Rodemann B, Weigand S, Bataille C, R B, Hellin P, Kildea S, Stammler G. Shifting sensitivity of septoria tritici blotch compromises field performance and yield of main fungicides in Europe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1060428. [PMID: 36483948 PMCID: PMC9723467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB; Zymoseptoria tritici) is a severe leaf disease on wheat in Northern Europe. Fungicide resistance in the populations of Z. tritici is increasingly challenging future control options. Twenty-five field trials were carried out in nine countries across Europe from 2019 to 2021 to investigate the efficacy of specific DMI and SDHI fungicides against STB. During the test period, two single DMIs (prothioconazole and mefentrifluconazole) and four different SDHIs (fluxapyroxad, bixafen, benzovindiflupyr and fluopyram) along with different co-formulations of DMIs and SDHIs applied at flag leaf emergence were tested. Across all countries, significant differences in azole performances against STB were seen; prothioconazole was outperformed in all countries by mefentrifluconazole. The effects also varied substantially between the SDHIs, with fluxapyroxad providing the best efficacy overall, while the performance of fluopyram was inferior to other SDHIs. In Ireland and the UK, the efficacy of SDHIs was significantly lower compared with results from continental Europe. This reduction in performances from both DMIs and SDHIs was reflected in yield responses and also linked to decreased sensitivity of Z. tritici isolates measured as EC50 values. A clear and significant gradient in EC50 values was seen across Europe. The lower sensitivity to SDHIs in Ireland and the UK was coincident with the prevalence of SDH-C-alterations T79N, N86S, and sporadically of H152R. The isolates' sensitivity to SDHIs showed a clear cross-resistance between fluxapyroxad, bixafen, benzovindiflupyr and fluopyram, although the links with the latter were less apparent. Co-formulations of DMIs + SDHIs performed well in all trials conducted in 2021. Only minor differences were seen between fluxapyroxad + mefentrifluconazole and bixafen + fluopyram + prothioconazole; the combination of benzovindiflupyr + prothioconazole gave an inferior performance at some sites. Fenpicoxamid performed in line with the most effective co-formulations. This investigation shows a clear link between reduced field efficacy by solo SDHIs as a result of increasing problems with sensitivity shifting and the selection of several SDH-C mutations. The presented data stress the need to practice anti-resistance strategies to delay further erosion of fungicide efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Matzen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claude Maumene
- Arvalis Institut du végétal, Station Expérimentale, Boigneville, France
| | - Gilles Couleaud
- Arvalis Institut du végétal, Station Expérimentale, Boigneville, France
| | | | - Stephan Weigand
- Institut für Pflanzenschutz, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | | | - Bán R
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Pierre Hellin
- CRA-W, Plant and Forest Health Unit, Gembloux, Belgium
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Cheng Z, Gu L, Zhao Y, Yang L, Chen L, Wang T, Luo M, Wei J, Li P. Copper ions assisted fluorescent detection of some dithiocarbamates based on nickel nanocluster with aggregation-induced emission enhancement behavior. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127555. [PMID: 34879534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residue contamination has become an urgent issue since it threatens both the natural environment and public health. In this study, a fluorescent method for detecting dithiocarbamate (DTC) compounds was constructed based on novel nickel nanoclusters (Ni NCs) and copper ions (Cu2+). The water-soluble fluorescent Ni NCs were synthesized for the first time through a one-pot method using glutathione as stabilizer and ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The as-prepared Ni NCs exhibited a maximum fluorescence emission at 445 nm when excited by 380 nm. And they displayed aggregation-induced emission enhancement when ethylene glycol was introduced into the nanocluster aqueous solution. Based on the Ni NCs, a label-free fluorescence quenching sensor was established for sensitive and selective detection of DTC compounds with the assistance of Cu2+. The complex formed by DTC and Cu2+ led to fluorescence quenching of Ni NCs through inner filter effect. The sensing method was successfully applied to two typical DTC compounds, thiram and disulfiram, with good linearity over a wide linear range and a low detection limit. Moreover, the proposed approach was capable of thiram detection in real samples, which confirms the potential of this sensing method as a platform for DTC compound detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yunyang Zhao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Mai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Hellin P, Duvivier M, Heick TM, Fraaije BA, Bataille C, Clinckemaillie A, Legrève A, Jørgensen LN, Andersson B, Samils B, Rodemann B, Berg G, Hutton F, Garnault M, El Jarroudi M, Couleaud G, Kildea S. Spatio-temporal distribution of DMI and SDHI fungicide resistance of Zymoseptoria tritici throughout Europe based on frequencies of key target-site alterations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5576-5588. [PMID: 34392616 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides have been extensively used to control to septoria tritici blotch, caused by Zymoseptoria tritici on wheat. This has led to the development and selection of alterations in the target-site enzymes (CYP51 and SDH, respectively). RESULTS Taking advantage of newly and previously developed qPCR assays, the frequency of key alterations associated with DMI (CYP51-S524T) and SDHI (SDHC-T79N/I, C-N86S and C-H152R) resistance was assessed in Z. tritici-infected wheat leaf samples collected from commercial crops (n = 140) across 14 European countries prior to fungicide application in the spring of 2019. This revealed the presence of a West to East gradient in the frequencies of the most common key alterations conferring azole (S524T) and SDHI resistance (T79N and N86S), with the highest frequencies measured in Ireland and Great Britain. These observations were corroborated by sequencing (CYP51 and SDH subunits) and sensitivity phenotyping (prothioconazole-desthio and fluxapyroxad) of Z. tritici isolates collected from a selection of field samples. Additional sampling made at the end of the 2019 season confirmed the continued increase in frequency of the targeted alterations. Investigations on historical leaf DNA samples originating from different European countries revealed that the frequency of all key alterations (except C-T79I) has been gradually increasing over the past decade. CONCLUSION Whilst these alterations are quickly becoming dominant in Ireland and Great Britain, scope still exists to delay their selection throughout the wider European population, emphasizing the need for the implementation of fungicide antiresistance measures. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hellin
- Plant and Forest Health Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Maxime Duvivier
- Plant and Forest Health Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Thies M Heick
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Bataille
- Plant and Forest Health Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Anne Legrève
- Applied Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Berit Samils
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernd Rodemann
- Department of Mycology and Virology, Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gunilla Berg
- Plant Protection Centre, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Fiona Hutton
- Teagasc, The Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Maxime Garnault
- AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Moussa El Jarroudi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of Liège, Arlon Campus Environnement, Arlon, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Kildea
- Teagasc, The Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Carlow, Ireland
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Wang W, Liu Y, Xue Z, Li J, Wang Z, Liu X. Activity of the Novel Fungicide SYP-34773 against Plant Pathogens and Its Mode of Action on Phytophthora infestans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11794-11803. [PMID: 34605240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
SYP-34773 is a pyrimidinamine derivative and a novel fungicide modified from diflumetorim. This study determined the antimicrobial spectrum of SYP-34773, which showed it could strongly inhibit the growth of some important plant pathogens including fungi and oomycetes. In particular, Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete sensitive to SYP-34773, and the mycelium growth stage was found to be the most sensitive stage, with an EC50 value of 0.2030 μg/mL. At a concentration of 200 μg/mL, SYP-34773 displayed an excellent control efficacy of 69.55% and 81.48% against potato and tomato blight disease caused by P. infestans under field conditions, respectively. Mode of action investigations showed that this fungicide could cause severe ultrastructure damage to the mycelia of P. infestans, inhibit its respiration, and increase the cell membrane permeability of this pathogen. The results of this study could provide useful information for the fungicide registration and application of SYP-34773 as a novel fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolin Xue
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingru Li
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
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11
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Solairaj D, Yang Q, Guillaume Legrand NN, Routledge MN, Zhang H. Molecular explication of grape berry-fungal infections and their potential application in recent postharvest infection control strategies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Jørgensen LN, Heick TM. Azole Use in Agriculture, Horticulture, and Wood Preservation - Is It Indispensable? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:730297. [PMID: 34557427 PMCID: PMC8453013 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.730297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause significant damage to plant products, compromising both quantities and quality. Even though many elements of agricultural practices are an integral part of reducing disease attacks, modern agriculture is still highly reliant on fungicides to guarantee high yields and product quality. The azoles, 14-alpha demethylase inhibitors, have been the fungicide class used most widely to control fungal plant diseases for more than four decades. More than 25 different azoles have been developed for the control of plant diseases in crops and the group has a world market value share of 20-25%. Azoles have proven to provide long-lasting control of many target plant pathogens and are categorized to have moderate risk for developing fungicide resistance. Field performances against many fungal pathogens have correspondingly been stable or only moderately reduced over time. Hence azoles are still, to date, considered the backbone in many control strategies and widely used as solo fungicides or as mixing partners with other fungicide groups, broadening the control spectrum as well as minimizing the overall risk of resistance development. This review describes the historic perspective of azoles, their market shares and importance for production of major crops like cereals, rice, oilseed rape, sugar beet, banana, citrus, and soybeans. In addition, information regarding use in amenity grass, in the wood preservation industry and as plant growth regulators are described. At the end of the review azoles are discussed in a wider context including future threats following stricter requirements for registration and potential impact on human health.
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Fan X, Fu Y, Nie Y, Matsumoto H, Wang Y, Hu T, Pan Q, Lv T, Fang H, Xu H, Wang Y, Ge H, Zhu G, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang M. Keystone taxa-mediated bacteriome response shapes the resilience of the paddy ecosystem to fungicide triadimefon contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126061. [PMID: 34229385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing input of fungicides has emerged as a global concern for agroecosystem stability and sustainability. Agroecosystem resilience has been linked to microbiome response, however, is not well understood. Focusing on a widespread triazole-class fungicide triadimefon in the paddy ecosystem, we characterized that the soils and sediments were dominant triadimefon reservoirs with the peak level at 195 μg kg-1 and 31.3 μg kg-1, respectively, but essential for the resilience of paddy ecosystem to triadimefon. In paddy simulation models, the half-life of triadimefon in soil-sediment was 8.4-28.9 days, while it was prolonged to 86.6-115.5 days after elimination of resident microbial community. Phospholipid fatty acid profiling and high-throughput sequencing showed that the distinctive bacterial community responses contributed to variable degradation of triadimefon in paddy soils and sediments. Sphingomonas and Xanthomonas were identified as positive responders of the keystone taxa in the responsive bacteriome, whereas Enterobacter were negative responders that declined over time. Synthetic assemblages combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction further validated that Sphingomonas and Xanthomonas were involved in sustaining soil-sediment resilience to triadimefon contamination. Collectively, our results revealed that the shaping of soil and sediment bacteriomes was responsible for the resilience of the paddy agroecosystem to fungicide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fan
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yanxia Nie
- Ecology and Environmental Sciences Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Haruna Matsumoto
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongda Fang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haorong Xu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321017, China
| | - Hang Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Global Education Program for AgriScience Frontiers, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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14
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Hafeez AN, Arora S, Ghosh S, Gilbert D, Bowden RL, Wulff BBH. Creation and judicious application of a wheat resistance gene atlas. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1053-1070. [PMID: 33991673 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Disease-resistance (R) gene cloning in wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources, facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. However, with the challenges of population growth and climate change, it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes, but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten agroecosystems. Pathogen populations are continually changing, and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily bread. To meet this challenge, we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and breeders. The atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens, such as wheat rusts, blotch diseases, powdery mildew, and wheat blast. We present a costed proposal detailing how the interacting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping, mutational genomics, and whole-genome association genetics. We explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat, as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens, and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic, durable approach to R-gene deployment. Set against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide, recently estimated at 21%, this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - David Gilbert
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert L Bowden
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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15
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Cook NM, Chng S, Woodman TL, Warren R, Oliver RP, Saunders DG. High frequency of fungicide resistance-associated mutations in the wheat yellow rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3358-3371. [PMID: 33786966 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliance on fungicides to manage disease creates selection pressure for the evolution of resistance in fungal and oomycete pathogens. Rust fungi (Pucciniales) are major pathogens of cereals and other crops and have been classified as low-risk for developing resistance to fungicides; no case of field failure of fungicides in a cereal rust disease has yet been recorded. Recently, the Asian soybean rust pathogen, Phakopsora pachyrhizi evolved resistance to several fungicide classes, prompting us to screen a large sample of the globally widespread wheat yellow rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), for mutations associated with fungicide resistance. RESULTS We evaluated 363 Pst isolates from Europe, the USA, Ethiopia, Chile, China and New Zealand for mutations in the target genes of demethylase inhibitor (DMI; Cyp51) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI; SdhB, SdhC and SdhD) fungicides. A high proportion of Pst isolates carrying a Y134F DMI resistance-associated substitution in the Cyp51 gene was found among those from China and New Zealand. A set of geographically diverse Pst isolates was also found to display a substitution in SdhC (I85V) that is homologous to that reported recently in P. pachyrhizi and linked to SDHI resistance. CONCLUSION The identification of resistance-associated alleles confirms that cereal rusts are not immune to fungicide resistance and that selection for resistance evolution is operating at high levels in certain locations. It highlights the need to adopt fungicide resistance management practices and to monitor cereal rust species for development of resistance. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Cook
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Soonie Chng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Rachael Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Richard P Oliver
- Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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16
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Kwon HC, Sohn H, Kim DH, Jeong CH, Kim DW, Han SG. Effects of Flutriafol Fungicide on the Lipid Accumulation in Human Liver Cells and Rat Liver. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061346. [PMID: 34200939 PMCID: PMC8230498 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flutriafol (FTF) is a triazole fungicide that can cause liver toxicity through the ingestion of its residues in food and water. However, little is known about the liver toxicity of FTF, particularly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether FTF induces NAFLD in human liver cells and animal liver. HepG2 cells and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated with FTF at doses of 0–640 µM for 24 h and 0–150 mg/kg bw/day for 28 days, respectively. FTF (80, 160, and 320 µM) treatment to cells induced lipid accumulation. FTF (80 and 160 µM)-treated cells had higher levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes and reactive oxygen species and increased mitochondrial membrane potential loss than the control. FTF also increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes through oxidative stress and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways in HepG2 cells. However, a higher level of FTF (320 µM) induced apoptosis. The treatment of SD rats with FTF (2.5–150 mg/kg bw/day) induced fatty infiltration in the liver by impairing liver metabolism and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, our data suggest that human exposure to FTF residues may be a risk factor for liver diseases, such as NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Cheol Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-C.K.); (H.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Hyejin Sohn
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-C.K.); (H.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-C.K.); (H.S.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Chang-Hee Jeong
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea;
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Sung-Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-C.K.); (H.S.); (D.-H.K.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Downie RC, Lin M, Corsi B, Ficke A, Lillemo M, Oliver RP, Phan HTT, Tan KC, Cockram J. Septoria Nodorum Blotch of Wheat: Disease Management and Resistance Breeding in the Face of Shifting Disease Dynamics and a Changing Environment. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:906-920. [PMID: 33245254 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-20-0280-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Parastagonospora nodorum is a narrow host range necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) of cereals, most notably wheat (Triticum aestivum). Although commonly observed on wheat seedlings, P. nodorum infection has the greatest effect on the adult crop. It results in leaf blotch, which limits photosynthesis and thus crop growth and yield. It can also affect the wheat ear, resulting in glume blotch, which directly affects grain quality. Reports of P. nodorum fungicide resistance, the increasing use of reduced tillage agronomic practices, and high evolutionary potential of the pathogen, combined with changes in climate and agricultural environments, mean that genetic resistance to SNB remains a high priority in many regions of wheat cultivation. In this review, we summarize current information on P. nodorum population structure and its implication for improved SNB management. We then review recent advances in the genetics of host resistance to P. nodorum and the necrotrophic effectors it secretes during infection, integrating the genomic positions of these genetic loci by using the recently released wheat reference genome assembly. Finally, we discuss the genetic and genomic tools now available for SNB resistance breeding and consider future opportunities and challenges in crop health management by using the wheat-P. nodorum interaction as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena C Downie
- John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Min Lin
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | - Beatrice Corsi
- John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ficke
- Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | - Morten Lillemo
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | | | - Huyen T T Phan
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kar-Chun Tan
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James Cockram
- John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, United Kingdom
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18
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Monitoring systems for resistance to plant protection products across the world: Between redundancy and complementarity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2697-2709. [PMID: 33433052 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring resistance to plant protection products (PPPs) is crucial for understanding the evolution of resistances in bioagressors, thereby allowing scientists to design sound bioagressor management strategies. Globally, resistance monitoring is implemented by a wide range of actors that fall into three distinct categories: academic, governmental, and private. The purpose of this study was to investigate worldwide diversity in PPP resistance monitoring systems and to shed light on their different facets. RESULTS A large survey involving 162 experts from 48 countries made it possible to identify and analyze 250 resistance monitoring systems. Through an in-depth analysis, the features of the different monitoring systems were identified. The main factor differentiating monitoring systems was essentially the capabilities (funding, manpower, technology, etc.) of the actors involved in each system. In most countries, and especially in those with a high Human Development Index, academic, governmental, and private monitoring systems coexist. Overall, systems focus far more on monitoring established resistances than on the detection of emerging resistances. Governmental and private resistance monitoring systems generally have considerable capacities to generate data, whereas academic resistance monitoring systems are more specialized. Governmental actors federate and enroll a wider variety of stakeholders. CONCLUSION The results show functional complementarities between the coexisting actors in countries where they coexist. We suggest PPP resistance monitoring might be enhanced if the different actors focus more on detecting emerging resistances (and associated benefits) and increase collaborative and collective efforts and transparency. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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19
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Arora H, Sharma A, Sharma S, Haron FF, Gafur A, Sayyed RZ, Datta R. Pythium Damping-Off and Root Rot of Capsicum annuum L.: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Management. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040823. [PMID: 33924471 PMCID: PMC8069622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. is a significant horticulture crop known for its pungent varieties and used as a spice. The pungent character in the plant, known as capsaicinoid, has been discovered to have various health benefits. However, its production has been affected due to various exogenous stresses, including diseases caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Pythium spp. predominantly affecting the Capsicum plant in younger stages and causing damping-off, this pathogen can incite root rot in later plant growth stages. Due to the involvement of multiple Pythium spp. and their capability to disperse through various routes, their detection and diagnosis have become crucial. However, the quest for a point-of-care technology is still far from over. The use of an integrated approach with cultural and biological techniques for the management of Pythium spp. can be the best and most sustainable alternative to the traditionally used and hazardous chemical approach. The lack of race-specific resistance genes against Pythium spp. can be compensated with the candidate quantitative trait loci (QTL) genes in C. annuum L. This review will focus on the epidemiological factors playing a major role in disease spread, the currently available diagnostics in species identification, and the management strategies with a special emphasis on Pythium spp. causing damping-off and root rot in different cultivars of C. annuum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Arora
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India; (H.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farah Farhanah Haron
- Pest and Disease Management Program, Horticulture Research Center, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Gafur
- Sinarmas Forestry Corporate Research and Development, Perawang 28772, Indonesia;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science, Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno-sever-Černá Pole, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
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20
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Cai H, Tao N, Guo C. Systematic Investigation of the Effects of Macro-elements and Iron on Soybean Plant Response to Fusarium oxysporum Infection. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:398-405. [PMID: 33082724 PMCID: PMC7542030 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2020.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient manipulation is a promising strategy for controlling plant diseases in sustainable agriculture. Although many studies have investigated the relationships between certain elements and plant diseases, few have comprehensively explored how differing mineral nutrition levels might affect plant-fungal pathogen interactions, namely plant susceptibility and resistance. Here, we systematically explored the effects of the seven mineral elements that plants require in the greatest amounts for normal development on the susceptibility of soybean plants (Glycine max) to Fusarium oxysporum infection in controlled greenhouse conditions. Nitrogen (N) negligibly affected plant susceptibility to infection in the range 4 to 24 mM for both tested soybean cultivars. At relatively high concentrations, phosphorus (P) increased plant susceptibility to infection, which led to severely reduced shoot and root dry weights. Potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and iron (Fe) induced plant resistance to infection as their concentrations were increased. For K and Ca, moderate concentrations had a positive effect on plant resistance to the pathogen, whereas relatively high doses of either element adversely affected plant growth and promoted disease symptoms. Further experiments were conducted, assessing disease suppression by selected combinations of macro-elements and Fe at screened concentrations, i.e., K (9 mM) plus Fe (0.2 mM), and S (4 mM) plus Fe (0.2 mM). The disease index was significantly reduced by the combination of K plus Fe. In conclusion, this systematic investigation of soybean plant responses to F. oxysporum infection provides a solid basis for future environmentally-friendly choices for application in soybean disease control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Co-corresponding authors. Hongsheng Cai, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , Changhong Guo, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , ORCID, Hongsheng Cai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-8719
| | - Nan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Co-corresponding authors. Hongsheng Cai, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , Changhong Guo, Phone) +86-451-88060576, E-mail) , ORCID, Hongsheng Cai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-8719
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21
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Xiong H, Liu X, Xu J, Zhang X, Luan S, Huang Q. Fungicidal Effect of Pyraclostrobin against Botrytis cinerea in Relation to Its Crystal Structure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10975-10983. [PMID: 32857513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin (PYR) is a commonly used strobilurin fungicide, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration at the ubiquinol oxidation center site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Little information is available regarding the crystal structure of PYR on its fungicidal effect. In this study, the crystal structures of eight PYRs (PYR-A to H) from different sources are determined by using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and model construction with the Pawley refinement module. The effects of PYRs on mycelium growth, the kinetics of mycelial growth, conidial germination, and tube elongation of conidia of Botrytis cinerea from tomato are compared. The level of organic acids in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle of PYR-treated B. cinerea is analyzed. The results show that PYR-A to PYR-H have their own unique character of XRPD patterns, but the crystal morphology of eight PYRs presents in the triclinic crystal system and space group P1̅. PYR-D with the eclipsed conformation and rational edge angles α (72.599°) and β (98.612°) in the crystal cell shows the highest inhibitory effect against mycelium growth with EC50 as 3.383 μg mL-1, the best time-dependent effects on the mycelium growth kinetics, and the strongest inhibition on tube elongation of conidia, whereas PYR-E with anticonformation is the worst. Moreover, a significant accumulation of fumarate, malate, and oxalate in the PYR-D-treated mycelium is observed. These findings reinforce the need for a definite crystal structure of PYR to limit usage and mitigate future selection pressure for gray mold management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiuyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Shaorong Luan
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Marimon N, Eduardo I, Martínez-Minaya J, Vicent A, Luque J. A Decision Support System Based on Degree-Days to Initiate Fungicide Spray Programs for Peach Powdery Mildew in Catalonia, Spain. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2418-2425. [PMID: 32631199 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2130-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of peach powdery mildew (PPM) on fruit was monitored in commercial peach orchards to i) describe the disease progress in relation to several environmental parameters and ii) establish an operating threshold to initiate a fungicide spray program based on accumulated degree-day (ADD) data. A beta-regression model for disease incidence showed a substantial contribution of the random effects orchard and year, whereas relevant fixed effects corresponded to ADD, wetness duration, and ADD considering vapor pressure deficit and rain. When beta-regression models were fitted for each orchard and year considering only ADD, disease onset was observed at 242 ± 13 ADD and symptoms did not develop further after 484 ± 42 ADD. An operating threshold to initiate fungicide applications was established at 220 ADD, coinciding with a PPM incidence in fruit around 0.05. A validation was further conducted by comparing PPM incidence in i) a standard, calendar-based program, ii) a program with applications initiated at 220 ADD, and iii) a nontreated control. A statistically relevant reduction in disease incidence in fruit was obtained with both fungicide programs, from 0.244 recorded in the control to 0.073 with the 220-ADD alert program, and 0.049 with the standard program. The 220-ADD alert program resulted in 33% reduction in fungicide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Marimon
- Plant Pathology, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Iban Eduardo
- Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Vicent
- Centre de Producció Vegetal i Biotecnologia, Institut Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Jordi Luque
- Plant Pathology, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
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23
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Kholodniak OV, Kazunin MS, Meyer F, Kovalenko SI, Steffens KG. Novel
N
‐Cycloalkylcarbonyl‐
N
′‐arylthioureas: Synthesis, Design, Antifungal Activity and Gene Toxicity. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000212. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olena V. Kholodniak
- Zaporizhzhia State Medical UniversityOrganic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department Mayakovs'ky Ave. 26 69035 Zaporizhzhia Ukraine
- Neubrandenburg University of Applied SciencesFaculty of Agriculture and Food Science Brodaer Str. 2 17033 Neubrandenburg Germany
| | - Maksym S. Kazunin
- Zaporizhzhia State Medical UniversityOrganic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department Mayakovs'ky Ave. 26 69035 Zaporizhzhia Ukraine
| | - Fatuma Meyer
- Neubrandenburg University of Applied SciencesFaculty of Agriculture and Food Science Brodaer Str. 2 17033 Neubrandenburg Germany
| | - Sergiy I. Kovalenko
- Zaporizhzhia State Medical UniversityOrganic and Bioorganic Chemistry Department Mayakovs'ky Ave. 26 69035 Zaporizhzhia Ukraine
| | - Karl G. Steffens
- Neubrandenburg University of Applied SciencesFaculty of Agriculture and Food Science Brodaer Str. 2 17033 Neubrandenburg Germany
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24
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Pathogenomics and Management of Fusarium Diseases in Plants. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050340. [PMID: 32369942 PMCID: PMC7281180 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgency to supplant the heavy reliance on chemical control of Fusarium diseases in different economically important, staple food crops due to development of resistance in the pathogen population, the high cost of production to the risk-averse grower, and the concomitant environmental impacts. Pathogenomics has enabled (i) the creation of genetic inventories which identify those putative genes, regulators, and effectors that are associated with virulence, pathogenicity, and primary and secondary metabolism; (ii) comparison of such genes among related pathogens; (iii) identification of potential genetic targets for chemical control; and (iv) better characterization of the complex dynamics of host–microbe interactions that lead to disease. This type of genomic data serves to inform host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology for targeted disruption of transcription of select genes for the control of Fusarium diseases. This review discusses the various repositories and browser access points for comparison of genomic data, the strategies for identification and selection of pathogenicity- and virulence-associated genes and effectors in different Fusarium species, HIGS and successful Fusarium disease control trials with a consideration of loss of RNAi, off-target effects, and future challenges in applying HIGS for management of Fusarium diseases.
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25
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Warneke B, Thiessen LD, Mahaffee WF. Effect of Fungicide Mobility and Application Timing on the Management of Grape Powdery Mildew. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1167-1174. [PMID: 32053475 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-19-1285-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grape powdery mildew (GPM) fungicide programs consist of 5 to 15 applications, depending on region or market, in an attempt to achieve the high fruit quality standards demanded by the market. Understanding how fungicides redistribute and targeting redistributing fungicide to critical crop phenological stages could improve fungicide protection of grape clusters. This study evaluated fungicide redistribution in grapevines from major fungicide groups labeled for GPM control. Translaminar and xylem redistribution was examined by placing fungicide-impregnated filter disks on the adaxial or abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves for 10 min and then incubating for 48 h before inoculating the abaxial surface with conidia. Vapor redistribution used Teflon disks sprayed with fungicides and placed on the abaxial leaf surface of detached leaves 48 h before inoculation. Disease development was rated 10 days later. Translaminar movement through calyptra was tested using flowering potted vines. All fungicides tested redistributed through at least one mechanism. Fungicide timing at critical phenological stages (early, mid, and late bloom) was assessed in small plots of cultivar Pinot noir vines. The application of trifloxystrobin, quinoxyfen, or fluopyram at different bloom stages showed that applications initiated at end of bloom resulted in the lowest berry infection probabilities of 0.073, 0.097, and 0.020, respectively. The results of this study suggest that integrating two carefully timed applications of redistributing fungicides initiated at end of bloom into a fungicide program may be an effective strategy for wine grape growers in western Oregon to produce fruit with low GPM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Warneke
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Lindsey D Thiessen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Walter F Mahaffee
- Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR 97331
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26
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Knorr K, Jørgensen LN, Nicolaisen M. Fungicides have complex effects on the wheat phyllosphere mycobiome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213176. [PMID: 30893325 PMCID: PMC6426229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of fungicide treatments on non-target fungi in the phyllosphere are not well known. We studied community composition and dynamics of target (Puccinia striiformis) and non-target fungi in wheat that was heavily infected with yellow rust. Mycobiotas in bulk leaf samples and individual leaves were studied by metabarcoding targeting the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) region of the ribosomal DNA. The amount of yellow rust in individual samples was quantified by qPCR (quantitative PCR). In addition, septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), and yellow rust (P. striiformis) were visually evaluated. We showed how fungal communities were affected by three different broad-spectrum fungicides that had been applied at different timings and doses to control Puccinia striiformis. We showed that fungal content was relatively constant even after fungicide treatments. Principal component analysis demonstrated that communities from fungicide-treated plots could be separated from the communities in non-treated plots. We observed effects of fungicide treatments on fungal communities using different dose, timing and products. Some fungi, including the target organism P. striiformis were effectively controlled by most of the fungicide applications whereas some yeasts and also P. tritici-repentis increased after treatments. We demonstrated the feasibility of using metabarcoding as a supplement to visual assessments of fungicide effects on target as well as non-target fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Knorr
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Lise Nistrup Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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27
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Gu KX, Song XS, Xiao XM, Duan XX, Wang JX, Duan YB, Hou YP, Zhou MG. A β 2-tubulin dsRNA derived from Fusarium asiaticum confers plant resistance to multiple phytopathogens and reduces fungicide resistance. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 153:36-46. [PMID: 30744895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crops are attacked by a large number of pathogens which are responsible for an approximately 30% loss in global crop production at pre- and post-harvest levels. In light of the continuing emergence of fungicide resistance, the needs for new agricultural drugs turn out to be much more critical. Here we demonstrated a Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA derived from Fusarium asiaticum had broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae and Colletotrichum truncatum, with an additional function of reducing the dosage of carbendazim (MBC) fungicide. RNAi molecules derived from different regions of β2-tubulin gene had different effects on mycelial growth, asexual reproduction and virulence. Faβ2Tub-3 (one of β2-tubulin segments) exhibited a strong silencing efficacy both on β1-tubulin and β2-tubulin genes in F. asiaticum. Faβ2Tub-3 sequence was found to be highly conserved among Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae and Colletotrichum truncatum. The Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA demonstrated a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against these fungi in vitro and on living plant. More importantly, Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA increased the fungal sensitivity to MBC, while MBC increased the duration of Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA. Our findings suggest a new anti-fungal agent (Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA) for plant protection against diverse pathogens and for fungicide reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiu-Shi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Bing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.
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28
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Chawade A, Armoniené R, Berg G, Brazauskas G, Frostgård G, Geleta M, Gorash A, Henriksson T, Himanen K, Ingver A, Johansson E, Jørgensen LN, Koppel M, Koppel R, Makela P, Ortiz R, Podyma W, Roitsch T, Ronis A, Svensson JT, Vallenback P, Weih M. A transnational and holistic breeding approach is needed for sustainable wheat production in the Baltic Sea region. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018. [PMID: 29536550 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water bodies in the world. Eutrophication is a major concern in the Baltic Sea due to the leakage of nutrients to the sea with agriculture being the primary source. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea and thus promoting sustainable agriculture practices for wheat cultivation will have a major impact on reducing pollution in the Baltic Sea. This approach requires identifying and addressing key challenges for sustainable wheat production in the region. Implementing new technologies for climate-friendly breeding and digital farming across all surrounding countries should promote sustainable intensification of agriculture in the region. In this review, we highlight major challenges for wheat cultivation in the Baltic Sea region and discuss various solutions integrating transnational collaboration for pre-breeding and technology sharing to accelerate development of low input wheat cultivars with improved host plant resistance to pathogen and enhanced adaptability to the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Rita Armoniené
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Kedainiai, Lithuania
| | - Gunilla Berg
- Plant Protection Center, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Gintaras Brazauskas
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Kedainiai, Lithuania
| | | | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Andrii Gorash
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Kedainiai, Lithuania
| | | | - Kristiina Himanen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Ingver
- Estonian Crop Research Institute, Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Mati Koppel
- Estonian Crop Research Institute, Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - Reine Koppel
- Estonian Crop Research Institute, Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - Pirjo Makela
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Wieslaw Podyma
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antanas Ronis
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Kedainiai, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Martin Weih
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Song XS, Gu KX, Duan XX, Xiao XM, Hou YP, Duan YB, Wang JX, Zhou MG. A myosin5 dsRNA that reduces the fungicide resistance and pathogenicity of Fusarium asiaticum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 150:1-9. [PMID: 30195381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungal resistance to fungicides is a serious challenge in crop protection. Although strategies have been found to prevent the development of fungicide resistance, rare strategy has been found to quickly reduce such resistance once it has occurred. We demonstrate that the application of dsRNAs, which inhibit the expression of the phenamacril (fungicide JS399-19) target gene-Myosin 5 (Myo5) in Fusarium, decreased F. asiaticum resistance to phenamacril and infection. RNAi molecules derived from different regions of Myo5 gene had different effects on phenamacril-resistance. Myo5-8 (one of Myo5 segments) exhibited great and stable effect on phenamacril-resistant reduction both in vivo and in vitro. Myo5 mRNA and protein were both reduced when mycelium was treated with Myo5-8 dsRNA. After a mixture of Myo5-8 dsRNA and phenamacril treatment, plants can highly control the infection of phenamacril-resistant strain. The antifungal activity of Myo5-8 dsRNA plus phenamacril effected longer than a single Myo5-8 dsRNA. In addition, no off-target sequences were found in wheat and/or other plant and animal species for Myo5-8 dsRNA sequence. Our findings suggest a new strategy for fungicide resistant reduction and for designing new fungicides to control pathogens which easily develop fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai-Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Bing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.
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30
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Elderfield JAD, Lopez-Ruiz FJ, van den Bosch F, Cunniffe NJ. Using Epidemiological Principles to Explain Fungicide Resistance Management Tactics: Why do Mixtures Outperform Alternations? PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:803-817. [PMID: 29377769 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-17-0277-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Whether fungicide resistance management is optimized by spraying chemicals with different modes of action as a mixture (i.e., simultaneously) or in alternation (i.e., sequentially) has been studied by experimenters and modelers for decades. However, results have been inconclusive. We use previously parameterized and validated mathematical models of wheat Septoria leaf blotch and grapevine powdery mildew to test which tactic provides better resistance management, using the total yield before resistance causes disease control to become economically ineffective ("lifetime yield") to measure effectiveness. We focus on tactics involving the combination of a low-risk and a high-risk fungicide, and the case in which resistance to the high-risk chemical is complete (i.e., in which there is no partial resistance). Lifetime yield is then optimized by spraying as much low-risk fungicide as is permitted, combined with slightly more high-risk fungicide than needed for acceptable initial disease control, applying these fungicides as a mixture. That mixture rather than alternation gives better performance is invariant to model parameterization and structure, as well as the pathosystem in question. However, if comparison focuses on other metrics, e.g., lifetime yield at full label dose, either mixture or alternation can be optimal. Our work shows how epidemiological principles can explain the evolution of fungicide resistance, and also highlights a theoretical framework to address the question of whether mixture or alternation provides better resistance management. It also demonstrates that precisely how spray tactics are compared must be given careful consideration. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
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Affiliation(s)
- James A D Elderfield
- First and fourth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; second author: Curtin University, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia; and third author: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz
- First and fourth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; second author: Curtin University, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia; and third author: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frank van den Bosch
- First and fourth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; second author: Curtin University, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia; and third author: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nik J Cunniffe
- First and fourth authors: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom; second author: Curtin University, Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia; and third author: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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31
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Carolan K, Helps J, van den Berg F, Bain R, Paveley N, van den Bosch F. Extending the durability of cultivar resistance by limiting epidemic growth rates. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0828. [PMID: 28931732 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivar resistance is an essential part of disease control programmes in many agricultural systems. The use of resistant cultivars applies a selection pressure on pathogen populations for the evolution of virulence, resulting in loss of disease control. Various techniques for the deployment of host resistance genes have been proposed to reduce the selection for virulence, but these are often difficult to apply in practice. We present a general technique to maintain the effectiveness of cultivar resistance. Derived from classical population genetics theory; any factor that reduces the population growth rates of both the virulent and avirulent strains will reduce selection. We model the specific example of fungicide application to reduce the growth rates of virulent and avirulent strains of a pathogen, demonstrating that appropriate use of fungicides reduces selection for virulence, prolonging cultivar resistance. This specific example of chemical control illustrates a general principle for the development of techniques to manage the evolution of virulence by slowing epidemic growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Helps
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 5LS, UK
| | | | | | - Neil Paveley
- ADAS, High Mowthorpe, Malton, North Yorkshire YO17 8BP, UK
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32
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Helps JC, Paveley ND, van den Bosch F. Identifying circumstances under which high insecticide dose increases or decreases resistance selection. J Theor Biol 2017. [PMID: 28625474 PMCID: PMC5505873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A model is presented that simulates the control of agricultural insect pests. The model tracks the selection of resistance under different doses of insecticide. In most plausible scenarios reducing the dose of insecticide reduces selection.
Insect management strategies for agricultural crop pests must reduce selection for insecticide resistant mutants while providing effective control of the insect pest. One management strategy that has long been advocated is the application of insecticides at the maximum permitted dose. This has been found, under some circumstances, to be able to prevent the resistance allele frequency from increasing. However this approach may, under different circumstances, lead to rapid selection for resistance to the insecticide. To test when a high dose would be an effective resistance management strategy, we present a flexible deterministic model of a population of an insect pest of agricultural crops. The model includes several possible life-history traits including sexual or asexual reproduction, diploid or haplodiploid genetics, univoltine or multivoltine life cycle, so that the high dose strategy can be tested for many different insect pests. Using this model we aim to identify the key characteristics of pests that make either a high dose or a low dose of insecticide optimal for resistance management. Two outputs are explored: firstly whether the frequency of the resistance allele increases over time or remains low indefinitely; and secondly whether lowering the dose of insecticide applied reduces or increases the rate of selection for the resistance allele. It is demonstrated that with high immigration resistance can be suppressed. This suppression however, is rarely lost if the insecticide dose is reduced, and is absent altogether when individuals move from the treated population back into an untreated population. Reducing the dose of insecticide often resulted in slower development of resistance, except where the population combined a high influx of less resistant individuals into the treated population, a recessive resistance gene and a high efficacy, in which case reducing the dose of insecticide could result in faster selection for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Helps
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamtsed Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - N D Paveley
- ADAS High Mowthorpe, Duggleby, Malton, North Yorkshire YO17 8BP, UK
| | - F van den Bosch
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamtsed Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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