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Lu L, Delrot S, Liang Z. From acidity to sweetness: a comprehensive review of carbon accumulation in grape berries. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:22. [PMID: 38835095 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Most of the carbon found in fruits at harvest is imported by the phloem. Imported carbon provide the material needed for the accumulation of sugars, organic acids, secondary compounds, in addition to the material needed for the synthesis of cell walls. The accumulation of sugars during fruit development influences not only sweetness but also various parameters controlling fruit composition (fruit "quality"). The accumulation of organic acids and sugar in grape berry flesh cells is a key process for berry development and ripening. The present review presents an update of the research on grape berry development, anatomical structure, sugar and acid metabolism, sugar transporters, and regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crop, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Oenology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Serge Delrot
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, UMR EGFV, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crop, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Oenology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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2
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Ascorbate peroxidase in fruits and modulation of its activity by reactive species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2716-2732. [PMID: 38442039 PMCID: PMC11066807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is one of the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and is the key enzyme that breaks down H2O2 with the aid of ascorbate as an electron source. APX is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes from algae to higher plants and, at the cellular level, it is localized in all subcellular compartments where H2O2 is generated, including the apoplast, cytosol, plastids, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, either in soluble form or attached to the organelle membranes. APX activity can be modulated by various post-translational modifications including tyrosine nitration, S-nitrosation, persulfidation, and S-sulfenylation. This allows the connection of H2O2 metabolism with other relevant signaling molecules such as NO and H2S, thus building a complex coordination system. In both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, APX plays a key role during the ripening process and during post-harvest, since it participates in the regulation of both H2O2 and ascorbate levels affecting fruit quality. Currently, the exogenous application of molecules such as NO, H2S, H2O2, and, more recently, melatonin is seen as a new alternative to maintain and extend the shelf life and quality of fruits because they can modulate APX activity as well as other antioxidant systems. Therefore, these molecules are being considered as new biotechnological tools to improve crop quality in the horticultural industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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3
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Malacarne G, Lagreze J, Rojas San Martin B, Malnoy M, Moretto M, Moser C, Dalla Costa L. Insights into the cell-wall dynamics in grapevine berries during ripening and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:38. [PMID: 38605193 PMCID: PMC11009762 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall (CW) is the dynamic structure of a plant cell, acting as a barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. In grape berries, the modifications of pulp and skin CW during softening ensure flexibility during cell expansion and determine the final berry texture. In addition, the CW of grape berry skin is of fundamental importance for winemaking, controlling secondary metabolite extractability. Grapevine varieties with contrasting CW characteristics generally respond differently to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of climate change, it is important to investigate the CW dynamics occurring upon different stresses, to define new adaptation strategies. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying CW modifications during grapevine berry fruit ripening, plant-pathogen interaction, or in response to environmental stresses, also considering the most recently published transcriptomic data. Furthermore, perspectives of new biotechnological approaches aiming at modifying the CW properties based on other crops' examples are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy.
| | - Jorge Lagreze
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Barbara Rojas San Martin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
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4
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Li X, Li B, Gu S, Pang X, Mason P, Yuan J, Jia J, Sun J, Zhao C, Henry R. Single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing reveal the spatiotemporal trajectories of fruit senescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3108. [PMID: 38600080 PMCID: PMC11006883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The senescence of fruit is a complex physiological process, with various cell types within the pericarp, making it highly challenging to elucidate their individual roles in fruit senescence. In this study, a single-cell expression atlas of the pericarp of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is constructed, revealing exocarp and mesocarp cells undergoing the most significant changes during the fruit senescence process. Pseudotime analysis establishes cellular differentiation and gene expression trajectories during senescence. Early-stage oxidative stress imbalance is followed by the activation of resistance in exocarp cells, subsequently senescence-associated proteins accumulate in the mesocarp cells at late-stage senescence. The central role of the early response factor HuCMB1 is unveiled in the senescence regulatory network. This study provides a spatiotemporal perspective for a deeper understanding of the dynamic senescence process in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Bairu Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shaobin Gu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Patrick Mason
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jiangfeng Yuan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jiaju Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| | - Robert Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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5
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Chen J, Jiang S, Yang G, Li L, Li J, Yang F. The MYB transcription factor SmMYB113 directly regulates ethylene-dependent flower abscission in eggplant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108544. [PMID: 38520965 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Flower abscission is an important developmental process that can significantly reduce the yield of horticultural plants. We previously reported that SmMYB113 is a key transcription factor promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis and improve fruit quality. However, the overexpression of SmMYB113 in eggplant increased flower drop rate and reduced fruit yield. Here, we elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of SmMYB113 on flower abscission in eggplant. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the regulation of flower abscission by SmMYB113 was associated with altered expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction, including ethylene biosynthetic genes SmACS1, SmACS8 and SmACO4. Then, the ethylene content in flowers and the function of ethephon (ETH, which promotes fruit ripening) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, which acts as an ethylene perception inhibitor) were analyzed, which revealed that SmMYB113 directly regulates ethylene-dependent flower abscission. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed that SmMYB113 could directly bind to the promoters of SmACS1, SmACS8, and SmACO4 to activate their expression. Through construction of a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening library, the protein SmERF38 was found to interact with SmMYB113, and verified by Y2H, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and luciferase complementation assay. Furthermore, dual-luciferase assays showed that SmERF38 enhanced the role of SmMYB113 on the promoters of SmACS1. Our results provided new insight into the molecular mechanism of flower abscission in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Senlin Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lujun Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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6
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Gunaseelan K, Schröder R, Rebstock R, Ninan AS, Deng C, Khanal BP, Favre L, Tomes S, Dragulescu MA, O'Donoghue EM, Hallett IC, Schaffer RJ, Knoche M, Brummell DA, Atkinson RG. Constitutive expression of apple endo-POLYGALACTURONASE1 in fruit induces early maturation, alters skin structure and accelerates softening. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1413-1431. [PMID: 38038980 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
During fruit ripening, polygalacturonases (PGs) are key contributors to the softening process in many species. Apple is a crisp fruit that normally exhibits only minor changes to cell walls and limited fruit softening. Here, we explore the effects of PG overexpression during fruit development using transgenic apple lines overexpressing the ripening-related endo-POLYGALACTURONASE1 gene. MdPG1-overexpressing (PGox) fruit displayed early maturation/ripening with black seeds, conversion of starch to sugars and ethylene production occurring by 80 days after pollination (DAP). PGox fruit exhibited a striking, white-skinned phenotype that was evident from 60 DAP and most likely resulted from increased air spaces and separation of cells in the hypodermis due to degradation of the middle lamellae. Irregularities in the integrity of the epidermis and cuticle were also observed. By 120 DAP, PGox fruit cracked and showed lenticel-associated russeting. Increased cuticular permeability was associated with microcracks in the cuticle around lenticels and was correlated with reduced cortical firmness at all time points and extensive post-harvest water loss from the fruit, resulting in premature shrivelling. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that early maturation was associated with upregulation of genes involved in stress responses, and overexpression of MdPG1 also altered the expression of genes involved in cell wall metabolism (e.g. β-galactosidase, MD15G1221000) and ethylene biosynthesis (e.g. ACC synthase, MD14G1111500). The results show that upregulation of PG not only has dramatic effects on the structure of the fruit outer cell layers, indirectly affecting water status and turgor, but also has unexpected consequences for fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kularajathevan Gunaseelan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Roswitha Schröder
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Annu S Ninan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bishnu P Khanal
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laurie Favre
- Plant and Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sumathi Tomes
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Monica A Dragulescu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erin M O'Donoghue
- Plant and Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ian C Hallett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Moritz Knoche
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - David A Brummell
- Plant and Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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7
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Carella A, Massenti R, Lo Bianco R. Testing effects of vapor pressure deficit on fruit growth: a comparative approach using peach, mango, olive, orange, and loquat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1294195. [PMID: 38179483 PMCID: PMC10765498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1294195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Determining the influence of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on fruit growth is a key issue under a changing climate scenario. Using a comparative approach across different fruit tree species may provide solid indications of common or contrasting plant responses to environmental factors. Knowing fruit growth responses to VPD may also be useful to optimize horticultural management practices under specific atmospheric conditions. Climate data to calculate VPD and fruit relative growth rates (RGR) by fruit gauges were monitored in peach at cell division, pit hardening and cell expansion stages; in two mango cultivars at cell division, cell expansion and maturation stages; in two olive cultivars, either full irrigated or rainfed, at early and late cell expansion stages; in 'Valencia' orange at early and late cell division stage, before and after mature fruit harvest; in loquat at cell expansion and maturation stages. At the fruit cell division stage, sensitivity of fruit growth to VPD seems to vary with species, time, and probably soil and atmospheric water deficit. 'Keitt' mango and 'Valencia' orange fruit growth responded to VPD in opposite ways, and this could be due to very different time of the year and VPD levels in the monitoring periods of the two species. At pit hardening stage of peach fruit growth, a relatively weak relationship was observed between VPD and RGR, and this is not surprising as fruit growth in size at this stage slows down significantly. A consistent and marked negative relationship between VPD and RGR was observed at cell expansion stage, when fruit growth is directly depending on water intake driving cell turgor. Another behavior common to all observed species was the gradual loss of relationship between VPD and RGR at the onset of fruit maturation, when fruit growth in size is generally programmed to stop. Finally, regardless of fruit type, VPD may have a significant effect on fruit growth and could be a useful parameter to be monitored for tree water management mainly when the cell expansion process prevails during fruit growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riccardo Lo Bianco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Zenoni S, Savoi S, Busatto N, Tornielli GB, Costa F. Molecular regulation of apple and grape ripening: exploring common and distinct transcriptional aspects of representative climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6207-6223. [PMID: 37591311 PMCID: PMC10627160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits of angiosperms are organs specialized for promoting seed dispersal by attracting herbivores and enticing them to consume the organ and the seeds it contains. Ripening can be broadly defined as the processes serving as a plant strategy to make the fleshy fruit appealing to animals, consisting of a coordinated series of changes in color, texture, aroma, and flavor that result from an intricate interplay of genetically and epigenetically programmed events. The ripening of fruits can be categorized into two types: climacteric, which is characterized by a rapid increase in respiration rate typically accompanied by a burst of ethylene production, and non-climacteric, in which this pronounced peak in respiration is absent. Here we review current knowledge of transcriptomic changes taking place in apple (Malus × domestica, climacteric) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera, non-climacteric) fruit during ripening, with the aim of highlighting specific and common hormonal and molecular events governing the process in the two species. With this perspective, we found that specific NAC transcription factor members participate in ripening initiation in grape and are involved in restoring normal physiological ripening progression in impaired fruit ripening in apple. These elements suggest the existence of a common regulatory mechanism operated by NAC transcription factors and auxin in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Costa
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
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9
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Yu Y, Liufu Y, Ren Y, Zhang J, Li M, Tian S, Wang J, Liao S, Gong G, Zhang H, Guo S. Comprehensive Profiling of Alternative Splicing and Alternative Polyadenylation during Fruit Ripening in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15333. [PMID: 37895011 PMCID: PMC10607834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a highly complicated process that is accompanied by the formation of fruit quality. In recent years, a series of studies have demonstrated post-transcriptional control play important roles in fruit ripening and fruit quality formation. Till now, the post-transcriptional mechanisms for watermelon fruit ripening have not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we conducted PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing to identify genome-wide alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in watermelon fruit. In total, 6,921,295 error-corrected and mapped full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads were obtained. Notably, more than 42,285 distinct splicing isoforms were derived from 5,891,183 intron-containing full-length FLNC reads, including a large number of AS events associated with fruit ripening. In addition, we characterized 21,506 polyadenylation sites from 11,611 genes, 8703 of which have APA sites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that fructose and mannose metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis were both enriched in genes undergoing AS and APA. These results suggest that post-transcriptional regulation might potentially have a key role in regulation of fruit ripening in watermelon. Taken together, our comprehensive PacBio long-read sequencing results offer a valuable resource for watermelon research, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex regulatory networks of watermelon fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Yuxiang Liufu
- College of Forestry, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Jinfang Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shengjin Liao
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China (J.W.)
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10
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Yoon KN, Yoon YS, Hong HJ, Park JH, Song BS, Eun JB, Kim JK. Gamma irradiation delays tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening by inducing transcriptional changes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6640-6653. [PMID: 37267467 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has a relatively short shelf life as a result of rapid ripening, limiting its transportability and marketability. Recently, gamma irradiation has emerged as a viable method for delaying tomato fruit ripening. Although few studies have shown that gamma irradiation delays the ripening of tomatoes, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of gamma irradiation on tomato fruit ripening and the underlying mechanisms using transcriptomics. RESULTS Following gamma irradiation, the total microbial count, weight loss, and decay rate of tomatoes significantly reduced during storage. Furthermore, the redness (a*), color change (∆E), and lycopene content of gamma-irradiated tomatoes decreased in a dose-dependent manner during storage. Moreover, gamma irradiation significantly upregulated the expression levels of genes associated with DNA, chloroplast, and oxidative damage repairs, whereas those of ethylene and auxin signaling-, ripening-, and cell wall metabolism-related, as well as carotenoid genes, were downregulated. CONCLUSION Gamma irradiation effectively delayed ripening by downregulating the expression of ripening-related genes and inhibiting microbial growth, which prevented decay and prolonged the shelf life of tomatoes. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Nam Yoon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Seok Yoon
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jung Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea
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11
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Li C, Cao S, Yang Z, Watkins CB, Wang K. Editorial: The physiology, molecular biology and biochemistry in ripening and stored fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1296816. [PMID: 37841631 PMCID: PMC10570823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1296816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Li
- Institute of Fruit Function and Disease Management, Department of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Christopher B. Watkins
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kaituo Wang
- Institute of Fruit Function and Disease Management, Department of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- College of Biology and Food Science, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Ming Y, Jiang L, Ji D. Epigenetic regulation in tomato fruit ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269090. [PMID: 37780524 PMCID: PMC10539587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a crucial stage in quality development, influenced by a diverse array of internal and external factors. Among these factors, epigenetic regulation holds significant importance and has garnered substantial research attention in recent years. Here, this review aims to discuss the breakthrough in epigenetic regulation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, including DNA methylation, N6-Methyladenosine mRNA modification, histone demethylation/deacetylation, and non-coding RNA. Through this brief review, we seek to enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing tomato fruit ripening, while providing fresh insights for the precise modulation of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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13
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Prusky D, Romanazzi G. Induced Resistance in Fruit and Vegetables: A Host Physiological Response Limiting Postharvest Disease Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:279-300. [PMID: 37201920 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021722-035135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Harvested fruit and vegetables are perishable, subject to desiccation, show increased respiration during ripening, and are colonized by postharvest fungal pathogens. Induced resistance is a strategy to control diseases by eliciting biochemical processes in fruits and vegetables. This is accomplished by modulating the progress of ripening and senescence, which maintains the produce in a state of heightened resistance to decay-causing fungi. Utilization of induced resistance to protect produce has been improved by scientific tools that better characterize physiological changes in plants. Induced resistance slows the decline of innate immunity after harvest and increases the production of defensive responses that directly inhibit plant pathogens. This increase in defense response in fruits and vegetables contributes to higher amounts of phenols and antioxidant compounds, improving both the quality and appearance of the produce. This review summarizes mechanisms and treatments that induce resistance in harvested fruits and vegetables to suppress fungal colonization. Moreover, it highlights the importance of host maturity and stage of ripening as limiting conditions for the improved expression of induced-resistance processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel;
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy;
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14
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Lu Y, Yu Y, Xuan Y, Kari A, Yang C, Wang C, Zhang C, Gu W, Wang H, Hu Y, Sun P, Guan Y, Si W, Bai B, Zhang X, Xu Y, Prasanna BM, Shi B, Zheng H. Integrative transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the mechanisms of light-induced pigmentation in purple waxy maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1203284. [PMID: 37649997 PMCID: PMC10465178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1203284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Waxy maize, mainly consumed at the immature stage, is a staple and vegetable food in Asia. The pigmentation in the kernel of purple waxy maize enhances its nutritional and market values. Light, a critical environmental factor, affects anthocyanin biosynthesis and results in pigmentation in different parts of plants, including in the kernel. SWL502 is a light-sensitive waxy maize inbred line with purple kernel color, but the regulatory mechanism of pigmentation in the kernel resulting in purple color is still unknown. Methods In this study, cyanidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin were identified as the main anthocyanin components in SWL502, evaluated by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. Investigation of pigment accumulation in the kernel of SWL502 was performed at 12, 17, and 22 days after pollination (DAP) under both dark and light treatment conditions via transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results Dark treatment affected genes and metabolites associated with metabolic pathways of amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, and galactose, biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid and terpenoid backbone, and ABC transporters. The expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, such as 4CL2, CHS, F3H, and UGT, was reduced under dark treatment. Dynamic changes were identified in genes and metabolites by time-series analysis. The genes and metabolites involved in photosynthesis and purine metabolism were altered in light treatment, and the expression of genes and metabolites associated with carotenoid biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, MAPK signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction pathway were induced by dark treatment. Light treatment increased the expression level of major transcription factors such as LRL1, myc7, bHLH125, PIF1, BH093, PIL5, MYBS1, and BH074 in purple waxy maize kernels, while dark treatment greatly promoted the expression level of transcription factors RVE6, MYB4, MY1R1, and MYB145. Discussion This study is the first report to investigate the effects of light on waxy maize kernel pigmentation and the underlying mechanism at both transcriptome and metabolome levels, and the results from this study are valuable for future research to better understand the effects of light on the regulation of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Xuan
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ayiguli Kari
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Yang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxiong Hu
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingdong Sun
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Guan
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenshuai Si
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Yunbi Xu
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Biao Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Zheng
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Specialty Maize, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
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15
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Dorta T, Gil-Muñoz F, Carrasco F, Zuriaga E, Ríos G, Blasco M. Physiological Changes and Transcriptomic Analysis throughout On-Tree Fruit Ripening Process in Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2895. [PMID: 37631107 PMCID: PMC10457761 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of effectors and transcriptional regulators in persimmon fruit maturation has been mostly approached by the literature under postharvest conditions. In order to elucidate the participation of these genes in the on-tree fruit maturation development, we have collected samples from seven persimmon germplasm accessions at different developmental stages until physiological maturation. This study has focused on the expression analysis of 13 genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response pathways, as well as the evolution of important agronomical traits such as skin colour, weight, and firmness. Results revealed different gene expression patterns, with genes up- and down-regulated during fruit development progression. A principal component analysis was performed to correlate gene expression with agronomical traits. The decreasing expression of the ethylene biosynthetic genes DkACO1, DkACO2, and DkACS2, in concordance with other sensing (DkERS1) and transduction genes (DkERF18), provides a molecular mechanism for the previously described high production of ethylene in immature detached fruits. On the other side, DkERF8 and DkERF16 are postulated to induce fruit softening and skin colour change during natural persimmon fruit ripening via DkXTH9 and DkPSY activation, respectively. This study provides valuable information for a better understanding of the ethylene signalling pathway and its regulation during on-tree fruit ripening in persimmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Dorta
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Francisco Gil-Muñoz
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Fany Carrasco
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA), Road CV-315 Km 10.7, 46113 Valencia, Spain (G.R.)
| | - Manuel Blasco
- CANSO, Avenue Cooperativa Agrícola Verge de Oreto, 1, 46250 L’Alcudia, Spain
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16
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Yue Q, Yang X, Cheng P, He J, Shen W, Li Y, Ma F, Niu C, Guan Q. Heterologous Overexpression of Apple MdKING1 Promotes Fruit Ripening in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2848. [PMID: 37571003 PMCID: PMC10421076 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is governed by a complex regulatory network, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. MdKING1 is a γ subunit of SNF1-related protein kinases (SnRKs), but the function was unclear. Here, we characterized the role of MdKING1 during fruit ripening, which can promote fruit ripening through the ethylene pathway. Our findings reveal that MdKING1 has higher expression in early-ripening cultivars than late-ripening during the early stage of apple fruit development, and its transcription level significantly increased during apple fruit ripening. Overexpression of MdKING1 (MdKING1 OE) in tomatoes could promote early ripening of fruits, with the increase in ethylene content and the loss of fruit firmness. Ethylene inhibitor treatment could delay the fruit ripening of both MdKING1 OE and WT fruits. However, MdKING1 OE fruits turned fruit ripe faster, with an increase in carotenoid content compared with WT. In addition, the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACO1, SlACS2, and SlACS4), carotenoid biosynthesis (SlPSY1 and SlGgpps2a), and fruit firmness regulation (SlPG2a, SlPL, and SlCEL2) was also increased in the fruits of MdKING1 OE plants. In conclusion, our results suggest that MdKING1 plays a key role in promoting tomato fruit ripening, thus providing a theoretical basis for apple fruit quality improvement by genetic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yue
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Pengda Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Chundong Niu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Qingmei Guan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.Y.); (P.C.); (J.H.); (W.S.); (Y.L.); (F.M.)
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17
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Jin R, Wang J, Guo B, Yang T, Hu J, Wang B, Yu Q. Identification and Expression Analysis of the Alfin-like Gene Family in Tomato and the Role of SlAL3 in Salt and Drought Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2829. [PMID: 37570984 PMCID: PMC10421131 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Alfin-like (AL) transcription factors are a family of plant-specific genes with a PHD-finger-like structural domain at the C-terminus and a DUF3594 structural domain at the N-terminus that play important roles in plant development and stress response. In the present study, genome-wide identification and analysis were performed of the AL protein family in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and three wild relatives (S. pennellii, S. pimpinellifolium, and S. lycopersicoides) to evaluate their response to different abiotic stresses. A total of 39 ALs were identified and classified into four groups and based on phylogenetic tree and evolutionary analysis were shown to have formed prior to the differentiation of monocotyledons and dicots. Moreover, cis-acting element analysis revealed that various phytohormone response and abiotic stress response elements were highly existed in tomato. In addition, further analysis of the SlAL3 gene revealed that its expression was induced by drought and salt stresses and localized to the nucleus. In conclusion, our findings concerning AL genes provide useful information for further studies on their functions and regulatory mechanisms and provide theoretical references for studying AL gene response to abiotic stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (R.J.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (R.J.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Bin Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi 830091, China;
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Qinghui Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (R.J.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi 830091, China; (T.Y.); (J.H.)
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi 830091, China;
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18
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Wang L, Jing M, Gu S, Li D, Dai X, Chen Z, Chen J. Genome-Wide Investigation of BAM Gene Family in Annona atemoya: Evolution and Expression Network Profiles during Fruit Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10516. [PMID: 37445694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
β-amylase proteins (BAM) are important to many aspects of physiological process such as starch degradation. However, little information was available about the BAM genes in Annona atemoya, an important tropical fruit. Seven BAM genes containing the conservative domain of glycoside hydrolase family 14 (PF01373) were identified with Annona atemoya genome, and these BAM genes can be divided into four groups. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AaBAM3 and AaBAM9 were located in the chloroplast, and AaBAM1.2 was located in the cell membrane and the chloroplast. The AaBAMs belonging to Subfamily I contribute to starch degradation have the higher expression than those belonging to Subfamily II. The analysis of the expression showed that AaBAM3 may function in the whole fruit ripening process, and AaBAM1.2 may be important to starch degradation in other organs. Temperature and ethylene affect the expression of major AaBAM genes in Subfamily I during fruit ripening. These expressions and subcellular localization results indicating β-amylase play an important role in starch degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Minmin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Shuailei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Xiaohong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
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19
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Moya-León MA, Stappung Y, Mattus-Araya E, Herrera R. Insights into the Genes Involved in ABA Biosynthesis and Perception during Development and Ripening of the Chilean Strawberry Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108531. [PMID: 37239876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones act as master ripening regulators. In non-climacteric fruit, ABA plays a key role in ripening. Recently, we confirmed in Fragaria chiloensis fruit that in response to ABA treatment the fruit induces ripening-associated changes such as softening and color development. In consequence of these phenotypic changes, transcriptional variations associated with cell wall disassembly and anthocyanins biosynthesis were reported. As ABA stimulates the ripening of F. chiloensis fruit, the molecular network involved in ABA metabolism was analyzed. Therefore, the expression level of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and ABA perception was quantified during the development of the fruit. Four NCED/CCDs and six PYR/PYLs family members were identified in F. chiloensis. Bioinformatics analyses confirmed the existence of key domains related to functional properties. Through RT-qPCR analyses, the level of transcripts was quantified. FcNCED1 codifies a protein that displays crucial functional domains, and the level of transcripts increases as the fruit develops and ripens, in parallel with the increment in ABA. In addition, FcPYL4 codifies for a functional ABA receptor, and its expression follows an incremental pattern during ripening. The study concludes that FcNCED1 is involved in ABA biosynthesis; meanwhile, FcPYL4 participates in ABA perception during the ripening of F. chiloensis fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Moya-León
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Yazmina Stappung
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Elena Mattus-Araya
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile
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20
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Saadi S, Ariffin AA, Ghazali HM, Saari N, Mohammed AS, Anwar F, Hamid AA, Nacer NE. Structure–energy relationship of food materials using differential scanning calorimetry. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Saadi
- Institute de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimetaires INATAA Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 Route de Ain El Bey Constantine Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro‐Alimentaire (GeniAAl), INATAA Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 UFC1 Route de Ain El Bey Constantine Algeria
| | - Abdul Azis Ariffin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology University Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hasanah Mohd Ghazali
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology University Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology University Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha 40100 Pakistan
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology University Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nor Elhouda Nacer
- Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences University of Batna 2 Batna 05000 Algeria
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21
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Xu Y, Li P, Ma F, Huang D, Xing W, Wu B, Sun P, Xu B, Song S. Characterization of the NAC Transcription Factor in Passion Fruit ( Passiflora edulis) and Functional Identification of PeNAC-19 in Cold Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1393. [PMID: 36987081 PMCID: PMC10051797 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) gene family plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress response. However, up to now, the identification and research of the NAC (PeNAC) family members of passion fruit are still lacking. In this study, 25 PeNACs were identified from the passion fruit genome, and their functions under abiotic stress and at different fruit-ripening stages were analyzed. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcriptome sequencing results of PeNACs under four various abiotic stresses (drought, salt, cold and high temperature) and three different fruit-ripening stages, and verified the expression results of some genes by qRT-PCR. Additionally, tissue-specific analysis showed that most PeNACs were mainly expressed in flowers. In particular, PeNAC-19 was induced by four various abiotic stresses. At present, low temperatures have seriously endangered the development of passion fruit cultivation. Therefore, PeNAC-19 was transformed into tobacco, yeast and Arabidopsis to study their function of resisting low temperature. The results show that PeNAC-19 responded to cold stress significantly in tobacco and Arabidopsis, and could improve the low temperature tolerance of yeast. This study not only improved the understanding of the PeNAC gene family characteristics and evolution, but also provided new insights into the regulation of the PeNAC gene at different stages of fruit maturation and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 571101, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 571101, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Funing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 571101, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 571101, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Wenting Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Peiguang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Binqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Shun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Tropical Crops, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Germplasm Repository of Passiflora, Hainan Province, Hainan 571101, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 571101, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 571101, China
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22
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Sterken MG, Nijveen H, van Zanten M, Jiménez-Gómez JM, Geshnizjani N, Willems LAJ, Rienstra J, Hilhorst HWM, Ligterink W, Snoek BL. Plasticity of maternal environment-dependent expression-QTLs of tomato seeds. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:28. [PMID: 36810666 PMCID: PMC9944408 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are essential for plant reproduction, survival, and dispersal. Germination ability and successful establishment of young seedlings strongly depend on seed quality and on environmental factors such as nutrient availability. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and many other species, seed quality and seedling establishment characteristics are determined by genetic variation, as well as the maternal environment in which the seeds develop and mature. The genetic contribution to variation in seed and seedling quality traits and environmental responsiveness can be estimated at transcriptome level in the dry seed by mapping genomic loci that affect gene expression (expression QTLs) in contrasting maternal environments. In this study, we applied RNA-sequencing to construct a linkage map and measure gene expression of seeds of a tomato recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between S. lycopersicum (cv. Moneymaker) and S. pimpinellifolium (G1.1554). The seeds matured on plants cultivated under different nutritional environments, i.e., on high phosphorus or low nitrogen. The obtained single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were subsequently used to construct a genetic map. We show how the genetic landscape of plasticity in gene regulation in dry seeds is affected by the maternal nutrient environment. The combined information on natural genetic variation mediating (variation in) responsiveness to the environment may contribute to knowledge-based breeding programs aiming to develop crop cultivars that are resilient to stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Sterken
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Nijveen
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Zanten
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jose M. Jiménez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nafiseh Geshnizjani
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A. J. Willems
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juriaan Rienstra
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W. M. Hilhorst
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Basten L. Snoek
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Wang JH, Gu KD, Zhang QY, Yu JQ, Wang CK, You CX, Cheng L, Hu DG. Ethylene inhibits malate accumulation in apple by transcriptional repression of aluminum-activated malate transporter 9 via the WRKY31-ERF72 network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36747049 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malic acid accumulation in the vacuole largely determines acidity and perception of sweetness of apple. It has long been observed that reduction in malate level is associated with increase in ethylene production during the ripening process of climacteric fruits, but the molecular mechanism linking ethylene to malate reduction is unclear. Here, we show that ethylene-modulated WRKY transcription factor 31 (WRKY31)-Ethylene Response Factor 72 (ERF72)-ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 9 (Ma1) network regulates malate accumulation in apple fruit. ERF72 binds to the promoter of ALMT9, a key tonoplast transporter for malate accumulation of apple, transcriptionally repressing ALMT9 expression in response to ethylene. WRKY31 interacts with ERF72, suppressing its transcriptional inhibition activity on ALMT9. In addition, WRKY31 directly binds to the promoters of ERF72 and ALMT9, transcriptionally repressing and activating ERF72 and ALMT9, respectively. The expression of WRKY31 decreases in response to ethylene, lowering the transcription of ALMT9 directly and via its interactions with ERF72. These findings reveal that the regulatory complex WRKY31 forms with ERF72 responds to ethylene, linking the ethylene signal to ALMT9 expression in reducing malate transport into the vacuole during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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24
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Ma Z, Ma L, Zhou J. Applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in economically important fruit crops: recent advances and future directions. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 37789479 PMCID: PMC10515014 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit crops, consist of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, are the major sources of nutrients and fiber for human diet. Since 2013, CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-Associated Protein) genome editing system has been widely employed in different plants, leading to unprecedented progress in the genetic improvement of many agronomically important fruit crops. Here, we summarize latest advancements in CRISPR/Cas genome editing of fruit crops, including efforts to decipher the mechanisms behind plant development and plant immunity, We also highlight the potential challenges and improvements in the application of genome editing tools to fruit crops, including optimizing the expression of CRISPR/Cas cassette, improving the delivery efficiency of CRISPR/Cas reagents, increasing the specificity of genome editing, and optimizing the transformation and regeneration system. In addition, we propose the perspectives on the application of genome editing in crop breeding especially in fruit crops and highlight the potential challenges. It is worth noting that efforts to manipulate fruit crops with genome editing systems are urgently needed for fruit crops breeding and demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
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25
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Zhou T, Li R, Yu Q, Wang J, Pan J, Lai T. Proteomic Changes in Response to Colorless nonripening Mutation during Tomato Fruit Ripening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3570. [PMID: 36559681 PMCID: PMC9782875 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SlSPL-CNR is a multifunctional transcription factor gene that plays important roles in regulating tomato fruit ripening. However, the molecular basis of SlSPL-CNR in the regulatory networks is not exactly clear. In the present study, the biochemical characteristics and expression levels of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis in Colorless nonripening (Cnr) natural mutant were determined. The proteomic changes during the ripening stage were also uncovered by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis. Results indicated that both the lycopene content and soluble solid content (SSC) in Cnr fruit were lower than those in wild-type AC fruit. Meanwhile, pH, flavonoid content, and chlorophyll content were higher in Cnr fruit. Expressions of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis were also downregulated or delayed in Cnr fruit. Furthermore, 1024 and 1234 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were respectively identified for the breaker and 10 days postbreaker stages. Among them, a total of 512 proteins were differentially expressed at both stages. In addition, the functions of DEPs were classified by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Results would lay the groundwork for wider explorations of the regulatory mechanism of SlSPL-CNR on tomato fruit ripening.
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26
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Li F, Fu M, Zhou S, Xie Q, Chen G, Chen X, Hu Z. A tomato HD-zip I transcription factor, VAHOX1, acts as a negative regulator of fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac236. [PMID: 36643762 PMCID: PMC9832867 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are only present in higher plants and are involved in plant development and stress responses. However, our understanding of their participation in the fruit ripening of economical plants, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), remains largely unclear. Here, we report that VAHOX1, a member of the tomato HD-Zip I subfamily, was expressed in all tissues, was highly expressed in breaker+4 fruits, and could be induced by ethylene. RNAi repression of VAHOX1 (VAHOX1-RNAi) resulted in accelerated fruit ripening, enhanced sensitivity to ethylene, and increased total carotenoid content and ethylene production. Conversely, VAHOX1 overexpression (VAHOX1-OE) in tomato had the opposite effect. RNA-Seq results showed that altering VAHOX1 expression affected the transcript accumulation of a series of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction and cell wall modification. Additionally, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, histochemical analysis of GUS activity and a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay revealed that VAHOX1 could activate the expression of AP2a. Our findings may expand our knowledge about the physiological functions of HD-Zip transcription factors in tomato and highlight the diversities of transcriptional regulation during the fruit ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjie Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengen Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Co-corresponding author: Zongli Hu: Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, China, E-mail: ; Xuqing Chen: Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 11 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100097, China, E-mail:
| | - Zongli Hu
- Co-corresponding author: Zongli Hu: Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, China, E-mail: ; Xuqing Chen: Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 11 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100097, China, E-mail:
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27
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Wang W, Fan D, Hao Q, Jia W. Signal transduction in non-climacteric fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac190. [PMID: 36329721 PMCID: PMC9622361 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit ripening involves changes in numerous cellular processes and metabolic pathways, resulting from the coordinated actions of diverse classes of structural and regulatory proteins. These include enzymes, transporters and complex signal transduction systems. Many aspects of the signaling machinery that orchestrates the ripening of climacteric fruits, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), have been elucidated, but less is known about analogous processes in non-climacteric fruits. The latter include strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and grape (Vitis vinifera), both of which are used as non-climacteric fruit experimental model systems, although they originate from different organs: the grape berry is a true fruit derived from the ovary, while strawberry is an accessory fruit that is derived from the floral receptacle. In this article, we summarize insights into the signal transduction events involved in strawberry and grape berry ripening. We highlight the mechanisms underlying non-climacteric fruit ripening, the multiple primary signals and their integrated action, individual signaling components, pathways and their crosstalk, as well as the associated transcription factors and their signaling output.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qing Hao
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
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28
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Comparative Proteomics Study on the Postharvest Senescence of Volvariella volvacea. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080819. [PMID: 36012807 PMCID: PMC9410126 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Volvariella volvacea is difficult to store after harvest, which restricts the production and circulation of V. volvacea fruiting bodies. Low-temperature storage is the traditional storage method used for most edible fungi. However, V. volvacea undergoes autolysis at low temperatures. When fruiting bodies are stored at 15 °C (suitable temperature), V. volvacea achieves the best fresh-keeping effect. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the postharvest senescence of V. volvacea remains unclear. Based on this information, we stored V. volvacea fruiting bodies at 15 °C after harvest and then analyzed the texture and phenotype combined with the results of previous physiological research. Four time points (0, 24, 60, and 96 h) were selected for the comparative proteomics study of V. volvacea during storage at 15 °C. A variety of proteins showed differential expressions in postharvest V. volvacea at 15 °C. Further comparison of the gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathways performed at different sampling points revealed proteins that were significantly enriched at several time points. At the same time, we also analyzed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to the RNA transport, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, and discussed the molecular functions of the PAB1, RPG1, ACC1, ADH3, ADH2, ALD5, and SDH2 proteins in postharvest V. volvacea senescence. Our results showed that many biological processes of the postharvest senescence of V. volvacea changed. Most importantly, we found that most RNA transport-related proteins were down-regulated, which may lead to a decrease in related gene regulation. Our results also showed that the expression of other important proteins, such as the fatty acid metabolism related proteins increased; and changes in fatty acid composition affected the cell membrane, which may accelerate the ripening and perception of V. volvacea fruiting bodies. Therefore, our research provides a reference for further studies on the aging mechanism of V. volvacea.
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29
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Song L, Meng X, Yang L, Ma Z, Zhou M, Yu C, Zhang Z, Yu W, Wu J, Lou H. Identification of key genes and enzymes contributing to nutrition conversion of Torreya grandis nuts during post-ripening process. Food Chem 2022; 384:132454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Transcriptome analysis of peach fruit under 1-MCP treatment provides insights into regulation network in melting peach softening. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.) displays distinguish texture phenotype during postharvest, which could be classified into three types, including melting flesh (MF), non-melting flesh (NMF) and stony-hard (SH). Of that MF peach would soften rapidly with an outbreak of ethylene production, which cause a huge waste during fruit transportation and storage. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was used to alleviate fruit softening. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing on two MF peach cultivars (‘YuLu’ and ‘Yanhong’) after 1-MCP treatment to identify the candidate genes participating in peach fruit softening. 167 genes were identified by WGCNA and correlation analysis, which could respond to 1-MCP treatment and might be related to softening. Among them, 5 auxin related genes including 2 IAAs, 1 ARF and 2 SAURs, and 4 cell wall modifying genes (PpPG1, PpPG2, PpPG24 and PpPMEI) were characterized as key genes participating in MF peach softening. Furthermore, 2 transcription factors, which belong to HD-ZIP and MYB were predicted as candidates regulating softening process by constructing transcriptional network of these 4 cell wall modifying genes combined with expression pattern analysis, of that the HD-ZIP could trans-activate promoter of PpPG1.
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Olivares D, García-Rojas M, Ulloa PA, Riveros A, Pedreschi R, Campos-Vargas R, Meneses C, Defilippi BG. Response Mechanisms of “Hass” Avocado to Sequential 1–methylcyclopropene Applications at Different Maturity Stages during Cold Storage. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131781. [PMID: 35807733 PMCID: PMC9269533 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
1–Methylcyclopropene (1–MCP) is used for extending the postharvest life of the avocado during storage. Evaluated the effect of 1–MCP application at different times after harvest, i.e., 0, 7, 14, and 21 d at 5 °C, to identify the threshold of the ethylene inhibition response in “Hass” avocado. Our results showed that fruits from two maturity stages at harvest: low dry matter (20–23%) and high dry matter (27%). Changes in ethylene production rates and transcript accumulation of genes involved in ethylene metabolism were measured at harvest and during storage. 1–MCP treated fruit up to 14 d of storage showed similar values of firmness and skin color as fruit treated at harvest time. In contrast, when the application was performed after 21 d, the fruit showed ripening attributes similar to those of the untreated ones. To further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the lack of response to 1–MCP at 21 d of storage, transcriptomic analysis was performed. Gene ontology analyses based on the DEG analysis showed enrichment of transcripts involved in the ‘response to ethylene’ for both maturity stages. All genes evaluated showed similar expression profiles induced by cold storage time, with a peak at 21 d of storage and an increased softening of the fruit and peel color. This was a two-year field study, and results were consistent across the two experimental years. Our results should help growers and markets in selecting the optimal timing of 1–MCP application in “Hass” avocados and should contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the avocado ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Olivares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago 8831314, Chile; (D.O.); (M.G.-R.); (P.A.U.)
| | - Miguel García-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago 8831314, Chile; (D.O.); (M.G.-R.); (P.A.U.)
| | - Pablo A. Ulloa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago 8831314, Chile; (D.O.); (M.G.-R.); (P.A.U.)
| | - Aníbal Riveros
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Calle San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota 2260000, Chile;
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios Postcosecha, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Claudio Meneses
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370186, Chile; (A.R.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Bruno G. Defilippi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago 8831314, Chile; (D.O.); (M.G.-R.); (P.A.U.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang J, Tian S, Yu Y, Ren Y, Guo S, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang H, Gong G, Wang M, Xu Y. Natural variation in the NAC transcription factor NONRIPENING contributes to melon fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1448-1461. [PMID: 35568969 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NAC transcription factor NONRIPENING (NOR) is a master regulator of climacteric fruit ripening. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) has climacteric and non-climacteric fruit ripening varieties and is an ideal model to study fruit ripening. Two natural CmNAC-NOR variants, the climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORS,N and the non-climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORA,S , have effects on fruit ripening; however, their regulatory mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, we report that a natural mutation in the transcriptional activation domain of CmNAC-NORS,N contributes to climacteric melon fruit ripening. CmNAC-NOR knockout in the climacteric-type melon cultivar "BYJH" completely inhibited fruit ripening, while ripening was delayed by 5-8 d in heterozygous cmnac-nor mutant fruits. CmNAC-NOR directly activated carotenoid, ethylene, and abscisic acid biosynthetic genes to promote fruit coloration and ripening. Furthermore, CmNAC-NOR mediated the transcription of the "CmNAC-NOR-CmNAC73-CmCWINV2" module to enhance flesh sweetness. The transcriptional activation activity of the climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORS,N on these target genes was significantly higher than that of the non-climacteric haplotype CmNAC-NORA,S . Moreover, CmNAC-NORS,N complementation fully rescued the non-ripening phenotype of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cr-nor mutant, while CmNAC-NORA,S did not. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of climacteric and non-climacteric fruit ripening in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Wang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yi Ren
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Maoying Li
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Min Wang
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 572025, China
| | - Yong Xu
- National Watermelon and Melon Improvement Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097, China
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Giordano A, Santo Domingo M, Quadrana L, Pujol M, Martín-Hernández AM, Garcia-Mas J. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing uncovers the roles of CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 and REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 in melon fruit ripening and epigenetic regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4022-4033. [PMID: 35394503 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo) has emerged as an alternative model to tomato for studying fruit ripening due to the coexistence of climacteric and non-climacteric varieties. Previous characterization of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), ETHQV8.1, that is able to trigger climacteric ripening in a non-climacteric background resulted in the identification of a negative regulator of ripening CTR1-like (MELO3C024518) and a putative DNA demethylase ROS1 (MELO3C024516) that is the orthologue of DML2, a DNA demethylase that regulates fruit ripening in tomato. To understand the role of these genes in climacteric ripening, in this study we generated homozygous CRISPR knockout mutants of CTR1-like and ROS1 in a climacteric genetic background. The climacteric behavior was altered in both loss-of-function mutants in two growing seasons with an earlier ethylene production profile being observed compared to the climacteric wild type, suggesting a role of both genes in climacteric ripening in melon. Single-cytosine methylome analyses of the ROS1-knockout mutant revealed changes in DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the key ripening genes such as ACS1, ETR1, and ACO1, and in transcription factors associated with ripening including NAC-NOR, RIN, and CNR, suggesting the importance of ROS1-mediated DNA demethylation for triggering fruit ripening in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giordano
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Santo Domingo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leandro Quadrana
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Marta Pujol
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Montserrat Martín-Hernández
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Fan D, Wang W, Hao Q, Jia W. Do Non-climacteric Fruits Share a Common Ripening Mechanism of Hormonal Regulation? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923484. [PMID: 35755638 PMCID: PMC9218805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits have been traditionally categorized into climacteric (CL) and non-climacteric (NC) groups. CL fruits share a common ripening mechanism of hormonal regulation, i.e., the ethylene regulation, whereas whether NC fruits share a common mechanism remains controversial. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been commonly thought to be a key regulator in NC fruit ripening; however, besides ABA, many other hormones have been increasingly suggested to play crucial roles in NC fruit ripening. NC fruits vary greatly in their organ origin, constitution, and structure. Development of different organs may be different in the pattern of hormonal regulation. It has been well demonstrated that the growth and development of strawberry, the model of NC fruits, is largely controlled by a hormonal communication between the achenes and receptacle; however, not all NC fruits contain achenes. Accordingly, it is particularly important to understand whether strawberry is indeed able to represent a universal mechanism for the hormonal regulation of NC fruit ripening. In this mini-review, we summarized the recent research advance on the hormone regulation of NC ripening in relation to fruit organ origination, constitution, and structure, whereby analyzing and discussing whether NC fruits may share a common mechanism of hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Fan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Hoshika Y, Cotrozzi L, Marchica A, Carrari E, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Paoletti E, Pellegrini E. Season-long exposure of bilberry plants to realistic and future ozone pollution improves the nutraceutical quality of fruits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153577. [PMID: 35114241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic air pollutant capable of limiting plant yield and growth, and altering the quality of edible plant products. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term O3 exposure at realistic and future concentrations (applied during fruit development) not only on morphological, physiological, and biochemical plant/leaf traits of Vaccinium myrtillus but also on its fruit yield and quality. Three-year-old saplings were grown from May to July under three levels of O3 concentration [1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the ambient air concentrations, denoted as AA, 1.5_AA and 2.0_AA], using a new-generation O3 Free Air Controlled Exposure system. Ozone induced oxidative pressure and membrane denaturation as confirmed by the accumulation of anion superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (•O2-: +39 and + 29%; H2O2: +55 and + 59% in 1.5_AA and 2.0_AA, respectively, compared with AA), and malondialdehyde by-product (1.4- and 2.5-fold higher than AA, in 1.5_AA and 2.0_AA, respectively). The observed oxidative burst likely affected several cellular structures interested by photosynthetic processes (e.g., decrease of the maximum rate of carboxylation: -30%). This constraint likely induced a decline in plant vitality and a different partitioning of biomass allocation between above and below organs. An accelerated maturation of bilberries due to O3 was reported, suggesting that plants grown under harsher environmental conditions suffered from metabolic changes associated with early ripening. Increasing O3 concentrations might be responsible for an alteration of the ratio between oxidation and reduction processes mechanisms that was followed by a loss of integrity of membranes, so limiting the availability of energy/resources, triggering enzymatic oxidation of phenols to red/purple pigments, and promoting fruit maturation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research showing that long-term O3 exposure during bilberry fruit development influenced not only several plant/leaf traits, but also fruit nutraceutical quality at the time of harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Marchica
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, IRET-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Yu J, Qiu K, Sun W, Yang T, Wu T, Song T, Zhang J, Yao Y, Tian J. A long noncoding RNA functions in high-light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple by activating ethylene synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:66-83. [PMID: 35148400 PMCID: PMC9070812 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin production in apple (Malus domestica) fruit and their consequent coloration can be induced by high-light treatment. The hormone ethylene is also essential for this coloration, but the regulatory relationships that link ethylene and light with anthocyanin-associated coloration are not well defined. In this study, we observed that high-light treatment of apple fruit increased anthocyanin accumulation more than moderate-light treatment did and was the main contributor of induced ethylene production and activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. A transcriptome study of light-treated apple fruit suggested that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), MdLNC610, the corresponding gene of which is physically located downstream from the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ACO) ethylene biosynthesis gene MdACO1, likely affects anthocyanin biosynthesis under high-light treatment. Expression and promoter β-glucuronidase reporter analyses further showed that MdLNC610 upregulates expression of MdACO1 and so likely participates in high-light-induced ethylene biosynthesis. Overexpression of MdACO1 and MdLNC610 in apple fruit and calli indicated that a major increase in MdLNC610 expression activates MdACO1 expression, thereby causing an increase in ethylene production and anthocyanin levels. These results suggest that MdLNC610 participates in the regulation of high-light-induced anthocyanin production by functioning as a positive regulator to promote MdACO1 expression and ethylene biosynthesis. Our study provides insights into the relationship between mRNA and lncRNA networks in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tuo Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Guo JE. Histone deacetylase gene SlHDT1 regulates tomato fruit ripening by affecting carotenoid accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 318:111235. [PMID: 35351307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit development and ripening is a complicated biological process, that is not only regulated by plant hormones and transcription factors, but also affected by epigenetic modifications. Histone deacetylation is an important way of epigenetic modification, and little information about it is available. In this study, an RNAi vector was constructed and transferred successfully into wild-type tomato for further research on the detailed functions of the histone deacetylation gene SlHDT1. The expression level of PSY1 was upregulated, and the transcription levels of LCY-B, LCY-E and CYC-B were downregulated, which was consistent with the increased accumulation of carotenoids. In addition, the expression levels of ethylene biosynthetic genes (ACS2, ACS4 and ACO1, ACO3), ripening-associated genes (RIN, E4, E8, PG, Pti4 and LOXB) and fruit cell wall metabolism genes (HEX, MAN, TBG4, XTH5 and XYL) were significantly upregulated further strengthening the results, including an increased ethylene content, advanced fruit ripening time and a shortened shelf life of tomato fruits. In addition, the increased total histone H3 acetylation level also provides evidence of a connection between epigenetic regulation by histone deacetylation and fruit development and ripening. Hence, SlHDT1 is a negative regulator and plays an essential role in regulating ethylene and carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening through influences on the acetylation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-E Guo
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Department of Life Science, Lu Liang University, Lvliang 033000, People's Republic of China.
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Monitoring Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Ripening Progression through Candidate Gene Expression Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094575. [PMID: 35562966 PMCID: PMC9105867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at the monitoring of the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) ripening progression through the expression analysis of 25 genes related to fruit quality traits in nine cultivars with great differences in fruit color and ripening date. The level of pigment compounds, such as anthocyanins and carotenoids, is a key factor in food taste, and is responsible for the reddish blush color or orange skin and flesh color in apricot fruit, which are desirable quality traits in apricot breeding programs. The construction of multiple linear regression models to predict anthocyanins and carotenoids content from gene expression allows us to evaluate which genes have the strongest influence over fruit color, as these candidate genes are key during biosynthetic pathways or gene expression regulation, and are responsible for the final fruit phenotype. We propose the gene CHS as the main predictor for anthocyanins content, CCD4 and ZDS for carotenoids content, and LOX2 and MADS-box for the beginning and end of the ripening process in apricot fruit. All these genes could be applied as RNA markers to monitoring the ripening stage and estimate the anthocyanins and carotenoids content in apricot fruit during the ripening process.
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Jia H, Jia H, Lu S, Zhang Z, Su Z, Sadeghnezhad E, Li T, Xiao X, Wang M, Pervaiz T, Dong T, Fang J. DNA and Histone Methylation Regulates Different Types of Fruit Ripening by Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3541-3556. [PMID: 35266388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylation affects different aspects of genetic material stability, gene expression regulation, and histone modification. The previous reports depicted that DNA and histone methylation regulates plant growth and development. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DNA and histone methylation on 'Hongjia' strawberry and 'Lichun' tomato. We investigated the transient transformation system for arginine methyltransferase (FvPRMT1.5) overexpression and interference and assessed the phenotypic appearance and mRNA and protein expression levels. Results depicted that changes in methylation levels caused inhibition of carotenoids and anthocyanins. Furthermore, the profiling of aroma components was altered in response to 5-azacytidine. DNA hypomethylation induced the expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and hormone signal transduction pathways, while the expression levels of related proteins showed a downward trend. Overall, we proposed a model that reveals the possible regulatory effects of DNA and histone methylation during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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Yu Y, Guo S, Ren Y, Zhang J, Li M, Tian S, Wang J, Sun H, Zuo Y, Chen Y, Gong G, Zhang H, Xu Y. Quantitative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Fruit Development and Ripening in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818392. [PMID: 35392508 PMCID: PMC8980866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a highly complicated process, which is modulated by phytohormones, signal regulators and environmental factors playing in an intricate network that regulates ripening-related genes expression. Although transcriptomics is an effective tool to predict protein levels, protein abundances are also extensively affected by post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations. Here, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics to study the comprehensive mRNA and protein expression changes during fruit development and ripening in watermelon, a non-climacteric fruit. A total of 6,226 proteins were quantified, and the large number of quantitative proteins is comparable to proteomic studies in model organisms such as Oryza sativa L. and Arabidopsis. Base on our proteome methodology, integrative analysis of the transcriptome and proteome showed that the mRNA and protein levels were poorly correlated, and the correlation coefficients decreased during fruit ripening. Proteomic results showed that proteins involved in alternative splicing and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway were dynamically expressed during ripening. Furthermore, the spliceosome and proteasome were significantly enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, suggesting that post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms might play important roles in regulation of fruit ripening-associated genes expression, which might account for the poor correlation between mRNAs and proteins during fruit ripening. Our comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic data offer a valuable resource for watermelon research, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex regulatory networks of fruit ripening.
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Karniel U, Adler Berke N, Mann V, Hirschberg J. Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844748. [PMID: 35283915 PMCID: PMC8914173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of the red carotenoid pigment lycopene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit is achieved by increased carotenoid synthesis during ripening. The first committed step that determines the flux in the carotenoid pathway is the synthesis of phytoene catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY). Tomato has three PSY genes that are differentially expressed. PSY1 is exclusively expressed in fruits, while PSY2 mostly functions in green tissues. It has been established that PSY1 is mostly responsible for phytoene synthesis in fruits. Although PSY2 is found in the chromoplasts, it is inactive because loss-of-function mutations in PSY1 in the locus yellow flesh (r) eliminate carotenoid biosynthesis in the fruit. Here we demonstrate that specific perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis downstream to phytoene prior and during the transition from chloroplast to chromoplast cause the recovery of phytoene synthesis in yellow flesh (r) fruits without significant transcriptional changes of PSY1 and PSY2. The recovery of carotenoid biosynthesis was abolished when the expression of PSY2 was silenced, indicating that the perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis reactivated the chloroplast-specific PSY2 in fruit chromoplasts. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that PSY2 can function in fruit chromoplasts under certain conditions, possibly due to alterations in the plastidial sub-organelle organization that affect its association with the carotenoid biosynthesis metabolon. This finding provides a plausible molecular explanation to the epistasis of the mutation tangerine in the gene carotenoid isomerase over yellow flesh.
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Li T, Dai Z, Zeng B, Li J, Ouyang J, Kang L, Wang W, Jia W. Autocatalytic biosynthesis of abscisic acid and its synergistic action with auxin to regulate strawberry fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab076. [PMID: 35043192 PMCID: PMC9123230 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the regulation of strawberry fruit ripening; however, the origin of the ABA signal is largely unknown. Here, we report an autocatalytic mechanism for ABA biosynthesis and its synergistic interaction with the auxin to regulate strawberry fruit ripening. We demonstrate that ABA biosynthesis is self-induced in the achenes, but not in the receptacle, which results its substantial accumulation during ripening. ABA was found to regulate both IAA transport and biosynthesis, thereby modulating IAA content during both early fruit growth and later during ripening. Taken together, these results reveal the origins of the ABA signal and demonstrate the importance of its coordinated action with IAA in the regulation of strawberry fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengrong Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baozhen Zeng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinyao Ouyang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Kang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural
University, Beijing 100193, China
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Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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Changes in Homogalacturonan Metabolism in Banana Peel during Fruit Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010243. [PMID: 35008668 PMCID: PMC8745247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Though numerous studies have focused on the cell wall disassembly of bananas during the ripening process, the modification of homogalacturonan (HG) during fruit development remains exclusive. To better understand the role of HGs in controlling banana fruit growth and ripening, RNA-Seq, qPCR, immunofluorescence labeling, and biochemical methods were employed to reveal their dynamic changes in banana peels during these processes. Most HG-modifying genes in banana peels showed a decline in expression during fruit development. Four polygalacturonase and three pectin acetylesterases showing higher expression levels at later developmental stages than earlier ones might be related to fruit expansion. Six out of the 10 top genes in the Core Enrichment Gene Set were HG degradation genes, and all were upregulated after softening, paralleled to the significant increase in HG degradation enzyme activities, decline in peel firmness, and the epitope levels of 2F4, CCRC-M38, JIM7, and LM18 antibodies. Most differentially expressed alpha-1,4-galacturonosyltransferases were upregulated by ethylene treatment, suggesting active HG biosynthesis during the fruit softening process. The epitope level of the CCRC-M38 antibody was positively correlated to the firmness of banana peel during fruit development and ripening. These results have provided new insights into the role of cell wall HGs in fruit development and ripening.
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Kang J, Gong J, Zhang L, Gao Z, Xie Q, Hu Z, Chen G. A novel E6-like gene, E6-2, affects fruit ripening in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111066. [PMID: 34763858 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is a complicated and well-coordinated process with numerous metabolic changes resulted from endogenous hormone and genetic regulators. Although the regulation of MADS-box transcription factor (MADS-RIN) controlling fruit ripening has been widely reported, its mechanisms underlying need to be further improved. Here, we characterized a novel tomato E6-like gene, E6-2, whose transcripts showed a high accumulation in fruit ripening stages (Breaker, Breaker+4 and Breaker+7), but a low level was observed in Never ripe (Nr) and ripening inhibitor (rin) mutants. MADS-RIN directly activates the expression of E6-2 in vivo. Additionally, a remarkable reduction of E6-2 was observed in wild-type (WT) tomato fruits at the MG stage treated with 1-MCP. RNAi-mediated silencing of E6-2 resulted in delayed fruit ripening, reduced accumulation of the total carotenoid and lycopene, reduced content of ethylene production, and increased contents of the total pectin, cellulose, starch and soluble sugar. Moreover, the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes (PSY1, PDS and ZDS), ripening-related genes (CNR, PG and ERF4), ethylene biosynthesis genes (ACS2, ACO1 and ACO3), ethylene-responsive genes (E4 and E8) and cell wall metabolism genes (TBG4, PL, EXP1 and XTH5) were inhibited in E6-2 -RNAi lines. These results indicate that E6-2 plays an important role in regulating tomato fruit ripening targeted by RIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zihan Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Cai K, Pei X, Li Y, Hu Y, Meng F, Song X, Tigabu M, Ding C, Zhao X. Genome-Wide Identification of NAC Transcription Factor Family in Juglans mandshurica and Their Expression Analysis during the Fruit Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212414. [PMID: 34830294 PMCID: PMC8625062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) gene family plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of various biological processes and has been identified and characterized in multiple plant species. However, genome-wide identification of this gene family has not been implemented in Juglans mandshurica, and specific functions of these genes in the development of fruits remain unknown. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the NAC gene family during fruit development and identified a total of 114 JmNAC genes in the J. mandshurica genome. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that JmNAC genes were unevenly distributed in 16 chromosomes; the highest numbers were found in chromosomes 2 and 4. Furthermore, according to the homologues of JmNAC genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the results demonstrated 114 JmNAC genes, which were divided into eight subgroups. Four JmNAC gene pairs were identified as the result of tandem duplicates. Tissue-specific analysis of JmNAC genes during different developmental stages revealed that 39 and 25 JmNAC genes exhibited upregulation during the mature stage in walnut exocarp and embryos, indicating that they may serve key functions in fruit development. Furthermore, 12 upregulated JmNAC genes were common in fruit ripening stage in walnut exocarp and embryos, which demonstrated that these genes were positively correlated with fruit development in J. mandshurica. This study provides new insights into the regulatory functions of JmNAC genes during fruit development in J. mandshurica, thereby improving the understanding of characteristics and evolution of the JmNAC gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Kewei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaona Pei
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Yanbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Xingshun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
| | - Mulualem Tigabu
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Changjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-15246668860 (X.Z.)
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (K.C.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.); (F.M.); (X.S.)
- College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-15246668860 (X.Z.)
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Villa-Rivera MG, Ochoa-Alejo N. Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits ( Capsicum spp.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12151. [PMID: 34830031 PMCID: PMC8624906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers represent a very important horticultural crop that is cultivated and commercialized worldwide. The ripening process makes the fruit palatable, desirable, and attractive, thus increasing its quality and nutritional value. This process includes visual changes, such as fruit coloration, flavor, aroma, and texture. Fruit ripening involves a sequence of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that must be finely regulated at the transcriptional level. In this review, we integrate current knowledge about the transcription factors involved in the regulation of different stages of the chili pepper ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato 36824, Mexico;
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Yamazaki M, Ishida A, Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Suzuki S, Enoki S. Ethylene Induced by Sound Stimulation Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin through Direct Upregulation of UDP-Glucose: Flavonoid 3- O-Glucosyltransferase. Cells 2021; 10:2799. [PMID: 34685779 PMCID: PMC8534375 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming has resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation in berry skin. Sound stimulation can be used as a potential method for enhancing fruit color development since many plants recognize sound vibration as an external stimulus and alter their physiological status in response to it. Sound stimulation (sine wave sound at 1000 Hz) enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells and berry skins in field-grown grapevines at the early stage of ripening. The transcription of UFGT and ACO2, which encode the key enzymes in anthocyanin and ethylene biosynthesis, respectively, was upregulated in grape cultured cells exposed to sound stimulation. In contrast, the transcription of MybA1 and NCED1, which encode a transcription factor for UFGT and a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, was not affected by the sound stimulation. A treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride, revered the enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation by sound stimulation. As the promoter assay using a GUS reporter gene demonstrated that UFGT promoter was directly activated by the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon, which enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells, we conclude that sound stimulation enhanced anthocyanin accumulation through the direct upregulation of UFGT by ethylene biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that sound stimulation contributes to alleviating poor coloration in berry skin as a novel and innovative practical technique in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Yamazaki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Akari Ishida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, Japan;
| | - Yoshinao Aoki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinichi Enoki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
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49
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Chen L, Pan Y, Jia X, Wang X, Yuan J, Li X. Constant storage temperature delays firmness decreasing and pectin solubilization of apple during post‐harvest storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
- Tianjin Gasin‐DH Preservation Technologies Co., Ltd. Tianjin China
| | - Yanfang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Agro‐products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academic of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products Tianjin China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
- Tianjin Liyuan Jieneng Gas Equipment Co., Ltd. Tianjin China
| | - Junwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
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50
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Sánchez-Sevilla JF, Botella MA, Valpuesta V, Sanchez-Vera V. Autophagy Is Required for Strawberry Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688481. [PMID: 34512686 PMCID: PMC8429490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic and recycling pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis under normal growth and stress conditions. Two major types of autophagy, microautophagy and macroautophagy, have been described in plants. During macroautophagy, cellular content is engulfed by a double-membrane vesicle called autophagosome. This vesicle fuses its outer membrane with the tonoplast and releases the content into the vacuole for degradation. During certain developmental processes, autophagy is enhanced by induction of several autophagy-related genes (ATG genes). Autophagy in crop development has been studied in relation to leaf senescence, seed and reproductive development, and vascular formation. However, its role in fruit ripening has only been partially addressed. Strawberry is an important berry crop, representative of non-climacteric fruit. We have analyzed the occurrence of autophagy in developing and ripening fruits of the cultivated strawberry. Our data show that most ATG genes are conserved in the genome of the cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa and they are differentially expressed along the ripening of the fruit receptacle. ATG8-lipidation analysis proves the presence of two autophagic waves during ripening. In addition, we have confirmed the presence of autophagy at the cellular level by the identification of autophagy-related structures at different stages of the strawberry ripening. Finally, we show that blocking autophagy either biochemically or genetically dramatically affects strawberry growth and ripening. Our data support that autophagy is an active and essential process with different implications during strawberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Sánchez-Sevilla
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC de I+D+i Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro IFAPA Málaga, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoria Sanchez-Vera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
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