1
|
Emonts C, Bauer B, Pitts J, Roger Y, Hoffmann A, Menzel H, Gries T. Mechanical, Biological and In Vitro Degradation Investigation of Braided Scaffolds for Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering Based on Different Polycaprolactone Materials with Chitosan-Graft-PCL Surface Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2349. [PMID: 39204570 PMCID: PMC11360056 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Injuries to tendons and ligaments are highly prevalent in the musculoskeletal system. Current treatments involve autologous transplants with limited availability and donor site morbidity. Tissue engineering offers a new approach through temporary load-bearing scaffolds. These scaffolds have to fulfill numerous requirements, the majority of which can be met using braiding combined with high-strength polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers. Considering regulatory requirements, several medical-grade PCL materials were assessed regarding their mechanical, degradational and cell biological properties. In the course of the investigation, an excellent fiber tensile strength of up to 850 MPa was achieved. The fibers were braided into multilayer scaffolds and scaled to match the human ACL. These were characterized regarding their morphology and their mechanical and degradational properties. Two strategies were followed to provide biological cues: (a) applying a chitosan-graft-PCL surface modification and (b) using non-circular fiber morphologies as topographical stimuli. Cell vitality assays showed generally positive cytocompatibility and no impairments due to the surface modification or material grade. The best cell vitality was achieved with a scaffold consisting of snowflake-shaped monofilaments combined with a 25° braiding angle. The surface modification equips the scaffold with a release platform for function molecules (as recently demonstrated) so that a holistic approach to addressing the numerous requirements is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Emonts
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedict Bauer
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pitts
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Roger
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Niedersächsisches Zentrum für Biomedizintechnik, Implantatforschung und Entwicklung (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Niedersächsisches Zentrum für Biomedizintechnik, Implantatforschung und Entwicklung (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salaris N, Chen W, Haigh P, Caciolli L, Giobbe GG, De Coppi P, Papakonstantinou I, Tiwari MK. Nonwoven fiber meshes for oxygen sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116198. [PMID: 38555771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Accurate oxygen sensing and cost-effective fabrication are crucial for the adoption of wearable devices inside and outside the clinical setting. Here we introduce a simple strategy to create nonwoven polymeric fibrous mats for a notable contribution towards addressing this need. Although morphological manipulation of polymers for cell culture proliferation is commonplace, especially in the field of regenerative medicine, non-woven structures have not been used for oxygen sensing. We used an airbrush spraying, i.e. solution blowing, to obtain nonwoven fiber meshes embedded with a phosphorescent dye. The fibers serve as a polymer host for the phosphorescent dye and are shown to be non-cytotoxic. Different composite fibrous meshes were prepared and favorable mechanical and oxygen-sensing properties were demonstrated. A Young's modulus of 9.8 MPa was achieved and the maximum oxygen sensitivity improved by a factor of ∼2.9 compared to simple drop cast film. The fibers were also coated with silicone rubbers to produce mechanically robust sensing films. This reduced the sensing performance but improved flexibility and mechanical properties. Lastly, we are able to capture oxygen concentration maps via colorimetry using a smartphone camera, which should offer unique advantages in wider usage. Overall, the introduced composite fiber meshes show a potential to significantly improve cell cultures and healthcare monitoring via absolute oxygen sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Salaris
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences-WEISS, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences-WEISS, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Haigh
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Caciolli
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences-WEISS, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL GOS ICH Zayed Centre for Research Into Rare Disease in Children, 20 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Giobbe
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL GOS ICH Zayed Centre for Research Into Rare Disease in Children, 20 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL GOS ICH Zayed Centre for Research Into Rare Disease in Children, 20 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1DZ, United Kingdom; Dept. of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Manish K Tiwari
- Nanoengineered Systems Laboratory, UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences-WEISS, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Liu C, Li B, Ma C, Li X, Niu S, Song H, Fan J, Zhang T, Han Z, Ren L. Flexible Multimodal Sensing System Based on a Vertical Stacking Strategy for Efficiently Decoupling Multiple Signals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3186-3195. [PMID: 38411393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Multisensory integration enables the simultaneous perception of multiple environmental stimuli while minimizing size and energy consumption. However, conventional multifunctional integration in flexible electronics typically requires large-scale horizontal sensing arrays (such as flexible printed circuit boards), posing decoupling complexities, tensile strain limitation, and spatial constraints. Herein, a fully flexible multimodal sensing system (FMSS) is developed by coupling biomimetic stretchable conductive films (BSCFs) and strain-insensitive communication interfaces using a vertical stacking integration strategy. The FMSS achieves vertical integration without additional adhesives, and it can incorporate individual sensing layers and stretchable interconnects without any essential constraint on their deformations. Accordingly, the temperature and pressure are precisely decoupled simultaneously, and tensile stress can be accurately discerned in different directions. This vertical stacking integration strategy is expected to offer a new approach to significantly streamline the design and fabrication of multimodal sensing systems and enhance their decoupling capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, London HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglie Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bauer B, Emonts C, Pitts J, Buhl EM, Eschweiler J, Hänsch R, Betsch M, Gries T, Menzel H. Topographically and Chemically Enhanced Textile Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:488. [PMID: 38399866 PMCID: PMC10893359 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of tissue engineering to address the shortcomings of current procedures for tendons and ligaments is promising, but it requires a suitable scaffold that meets various mechanical, degradation-related, scalability-related, and biological requirements. Macroporous textile scaffolds made from appropriate fiber material have the potential to fulfill the first three requirements. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility, sterilizability, and functionalizability of a multilayer braided scaffold. These macroporous scaffolds with dimensions similar to those of the human anterior cruciate ligament consist of fibers with appropriate tensile strength and degradation behavior melt-spun from Polycaprolactone (PCL). Two different cross-sectional geometries resulting in significantly different specific surface areas and morphologies were used at the fiber level, and a Chitosan-graft-PCL (CS-g-PCL) surface modification was applied to the melt-spun substrates for the first time. All scaffolds elicited a positive cell response, and the CS-g-PCL modification provided a platform for incorporating functionalization agents such as drug delivery systems for growth factors, which were successfully released in therapeutically effective quantities. The fiber geometry was found to be a variable that could be manipulated to control the amount released. Therefore, scaled, surface-modified textile scaffolds are a versatile technology that can successfully address the complex requirements of tissue engineering for ligaments and tendons, as well as other structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Bauer
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.E.)
| | - Caroline Emonts
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.E.)
| | - Johannes Pitts
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Hospital Bergmannstrost, Merseburgerstr. 165, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Humboldtstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcel Betsch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.E.)
| | - Henning Menzel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
von Witzleben M, Hahn J, Richter RF, de Freitas B, Steyer E, Schütz K, Vater C, Bernhardt A, Elschner C, Gelinsky M. Tailoring the pore design of embroidered structures by melt electrowriting to enhance the cell alignment in scaffold-based tendon reconstruction. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213708. [PMID: 38029698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of ligaments and tendons aims to reproduce the complex and hierarchical tissue structure while meeting the biomechanical and biological requirements. For the first time, the additive manufacturing methods of embroidery technology and melt electrowriting (MEW) were combined to mimic these properties closely. The mechanical benefits of embroidered structures were paired with a superficial micro-scale structure to provide a guide pattern for directional cell growth. An evaluation of several previously reported MEW fiber architectures was performed. The designs with the highest cell orientation of primary dermal fibroblasts were then applied to embroidery structures and subsequently evaluated using human adipose-derived stem cells (AT-MSC). The addition of MEW fibers resulted in the formation of a mechanically robust layer on the embroidered scaffolds, leading to composite structures with mechanical properties comparable to those of the anterior cruciate ligament. Furthermore, the combination of embroidered and MEW structures supports a higher cell orientation of AT-MSC compared to embroidered structures alone. Collagen coating further promoted cell attachment. Thus, these investigations provide a sound basis for the fabrication of heterogeneous and hierarchical synthetic tendon and ligament substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max von Witzleben
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Hahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Institute of Polymer Materials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ron F Richter
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bianca de Freitas
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emily Steyer
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corina Vater
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cindy Elschner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Institute of Polymer Materials, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang L, Chen L, Chen H, Wang M, Jin L, Zhou S, Gao L, Li R, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang C, Wang J. Biomimetic Scaffolds for Tendon Tissue Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:246. [PMID: 37366841 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon tissue connects muscle to bone and plays crucial roles in stress transfer. Tendon injury remains a significant clinical challenge due to its complicated biological structure and poor self-healing capacity. The treatments for tendon injury have advanced significantly with the development of technology, including the use of sophisticated biomaterials, bioactive growth factors, and numerous stem cells. Among these, biomaterials that the mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) of tendon tissue would provide a resembling microenvironment to improve efficacy in tendon repair and regeneration. In this review, we will begin with a description of the constituents and structural features of tendon tissue, followed by a focus on the available biomimetic scaffolds of natural or synthetic origin for tendon tissue engineering. Finally, we will discuss novel strategies and present challenges in tendon regeneration and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvxing Huang
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Le Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hengyi Chen
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Manju Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Letian Jin
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shenghai Zhou
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lexin Gao
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ruwei Li
- School of Savaid Stomatology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Quan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hanchang Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mann M, Qavi I, Zhang N, Tan G. Engineers in Medicine: Foster Innovation by Traversing Boundaries. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 51:19-32. [PMID: 37551906 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2023047838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineers play a critical role in the advancement of biomedical science and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for human well-being. The complexity of medical problems requires the synthesis of diverse knowledge systems and clinical experiences to develop solutions. Therefore, engineers in the healthcare and biomedical industries are interdisciplinary by nature to innovate technical tools in sophisticated clinical settings. In academia, engineering is usually divided into disciplines with dominant characteristics. Since biomedical engineering has been established as an independent curriculum, the term "biomedical engineers" often refers to the population from a specific discipline. In fact, engineers who contribute to medical and healthcare innovations cover a broad range of engineering majors, including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineering, and computer sciences. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the contributions of different engineering professions to the development of innovative biomedical solutions. We use the term "engineers in medicine" to refer to all talents who integrate the body of engineering knowledge and biological sciences to advance healthcare systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monikka Mann
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Imtiaz Qavi
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - George Tan
- Department of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo W, Wang Y, Han Q, Wang Z, Jiao J, Gong X, Liu Y, Zhang A, Zhang H, Chen H, Wang J, Wu M. Advanced strategies for constructing interfacial tissues of bone and tendon/ligament. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221144714. [PMID: 36582940 PMCID: PMC9793068 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221144714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enthesis, the interfacial tissue between a tendon/ligament and bone, exhibits a complex histological transition from soft to hard tissue, which significantly complicates its repair and regeneration after injury. Because traditional surgical treatments for enthesis injury are not satisfactory, tissue engineering has emerged as a strategy for improving treatment success. Rapid advances in enthesis tissue engineering have led to the development of several strategies for promoting enthesis tissue regeneration, including biological scaffolds, cells, growth factors, and biophysical modulation. In this review, we discuss recent advances in enthesis tissue engineering, particularly the use of biological scaffolds, as well as perspectives on the future directions in enthesis tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin
Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Aobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Minfei Wu, Department of Orthopedics, The
Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Sreet, Changchun 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khamplod T, Winterburn JB, Cartmell SH. Electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) scaffolds - a step towards ligament repair applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:895-910. [PMID: 36570876 PMCID: PMC9769142 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2149034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures is approximately 50 per 100,000 people. ACL rupture repair methods that offer better biomechanics have the potential to reduce long term osteoarthritis. To improve ACL regeneration biomechanically similar, biocompatible and biodegradable tissue scaffolds are required. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), with high 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) content, based scaffold materials have been developed, with the advantages of traditional tissue engineering scaffolds combined with attractive mechanical properties, e.g., elasticity and biodegradability. PHBV with 3HV fractions of 0 to 100 mol% were produced in a controlled manner allowing specific compositions to be targeted, giving control over material properties. In conjunction electrospinning conditions were altered, to manipulate the degree of fibre alignment, with increasing collector rotating speed used to obtain random and aligned PHBV fibres. The PHBV based materials produced were characterised, with mechanical properties, thermal properties and surface morphology being studied. An electrospun PHBV fibre mat with 50 mol% 3HV content shows a significant increase in elasticity compared to those with lower 3HV content and could be fabricated into aligned fibres. Biocompatibility testing with L929 fibroblasts demonstrates good cell viability, with the aligned fibre network promoting fibroblast alignment in the axial fibre direction, desirable for ACL repair applications. Dynamic load testing shows that the 50 mol% 3HV PHBV material produced can withstand cyclic loading with reasonable resilience. Electrospun PHBV can be produced with low batch variability and tailored, application specific properties, giving these biomaterials promise in tissue scaffold applications where aligned fibre networks are desired, such as ACL regeneration. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thammarit Khamplod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James B. Winterburn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah H. Cartmell
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Materials Science, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amini M, Venkatesan JK, Liu W, Leroux A, Nguyen TN, Madry H, Migonney V, Cucchiarini M. Advanced Gene Therapy Strategies for the Repair of ACL Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214467. [PMID: 36430947 PMCID: PMC9695211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the principal ligament for stabilization of the knee, is highly predisposed to injury in the human population. As a result of its poor intrinsic healing capacities, surgical intervention is generally necessary to repair ACL lesions, yet the outcomes are never fully satisfactory in terms of long-lasting, complete, and safe repair. Gene therapy, based on the transfer of therapeutic genetic sequences via a gene vector, is a potent tool to durably and adeptly enhance the processes of ACL repair and has been reported for its workability in various experimental models relevant to ACL injuries in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. As critical hurdles to the effective and safe translation of gene therapy for clinical applications still remain, including physiological barriers and host immune responses, biomaterial-guided gene therapy inspired by drug delivery systems has been further developed to protect and improve the classical procedures of gene transfer in the future treatment of ACL injuries in patients, as critically presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Amini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jagadeesh K. Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Amélie Leroux
- Laboratoire CSPBAT UMR CNRS 7244, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Avenue JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Tuan Ngoc Nguyen
- Laboratoire CSPBAT UMR CNRS 7244, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Avenue JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Véronique Migonney
- Laboratoire CSPBAT UMR CNRS 7244, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Avenue JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Emonts C, Wienen D, Bauer B, Idrissi A, Gries T. 3D-Braided Poly-ε-Caprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040230. [PMID: 36412872 PMCID: PMC9680250 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured intra-articular ligament of the knee. Due to its limited intrinsical healing potential and vascularization, injuries of the ACL do not heal satisfactorily, and surgical intervention is usually required. The limitations of existing reconstructive grafts and autologous transplants have prompted interest in tissue-engineered solutions. A tissue engineering scaffold for ACL reconstruction must be able to mimic the mechanical properties of the native ligament, provide sufficient porosity to promote cell growth of the neoligament tissue, and be biodegradable. This study investigates long-term biodegradable poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds for ACL replacement using the 3D hexagonal braiding technique. The scaffolds were characterized mechanically as well as morphologically. All scaffolds, regardless of their braid geometry, achieved the maximum tensile load of the native ACL. The diameter of all scaffolds was lower than that of the native ligament, making the scaffolds implantable with established surgical methods. The 3D hexagonal braiding technique offers a high degree of geometrical freedom and, thus, the possibility to develop novel scaffold architectures. Based on the findings of this study, the 3D-braided PCL-based scaffolds studied were found to be a promising construct for tissue engineering of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rhodes ADY, Duran-Mota JA, Oliva N. Current progress in bionanomaterials to modulate the epigenome. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5081-5091. [PMID: 35880652 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomics during the 1990s have made it possible to study and identify genetic and epigenetic responses of cells and tissues to various drugs and environmental factors. This has accelerated the number of targets available to treat a range of diseases from cancer to wound healing disorders. Equally interesting is the understanding of how bio- and nanomaterials alter gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, and whether they have the potential to elicit a positive therapeutic response without requiring additional biomolecule delivery. In fact, from a cell's perspective, a biomaterial is nothing more than an environmental factor, and so it has the power to epigenetically modulate gene expression of cells in contact with it. Understanding these epigenetic interactions between biomaterials and cells will open new avenues in the development of technologies that can not only provide biological signals (i.e. drugs, growth factors) necessary for therapy and regeneration, but also intimately interact with cells to promote the expression of genes of interest. This review article aims to summarise the current state-of-the-art and progress on the development of bio- and nanomaterials to modulate the epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Y Rhodes
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Jose Antonio Duran-Mota
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK. .,Materials Engineering Group (GEMAT), IQS Barcelona, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Nuria Oliva
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Materials Properties and Application Strategy for Ligament Tissue Engineering. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Aznar-Cervantes SD, Pagán A, Candel MJ, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Cenis JL. Silkworm Gut Fibres from Silk Glands of Samia cynthia ricini-Potential Use as a Scaffold in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073888. [PMID: 35409245 PMCID: PMC8998787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance fibroin fibres are ideal candidates for the manufacture of scaffolds with applications in tissue engineering due to the excellent mechanical properties and optimal biocompatibility of this protein. In this work, the manufacture of high-strength fibres made from the silk glands of Samia cynthia ricini is explored. The glands were subjected to soaking in aqueous dissolutions of acetic acid and stretched to manufacture the fibres. The materials produced were widely characterized, in terms of morphology, mechanical properties, crystallinity and content of secondary structures, comparing them with those produced by the standard procedure published for Bombyx mori. In addition, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of a braided scaffold produced from these fibres was evaluated. The results obtained show that the fibres from B. mori present a higher degree of crystallinity than those from S. c. ricini, which is reflected in higher values of elastic modulus and lower values of strain at break. Moreover, a decrease in the elongation values of the fibres from S. c. ricini was observed as the concentration of acetic acid was increased during the manufacture. On the other hand, the study of the braided scaffolds showed higher values of tensile strength and strain at break in the case of S. c. ricini materials and similar values of elastic modulus, compared to those of B. mori, displaying both scaffolds optimal biocompatibility using a fibroblast cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Ambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (S.D.A.-C.); (M.J.C.); (J.L.C.)
| | - Ana Pagán
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Ambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (S.D.A.-C.); (M.J.C.); (J.L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968366719
| | - María J. Candel
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Ambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (S.D.A.-C.); (M.J.C.); (J.L.C.)
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Cenis
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Genómica y Mejora Vegetal, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Ambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain; (S.D.A.-C.); (M.J.C.); (J.L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi HW, Hong J, Kim J, Jeong W, Jo T, Lee HW, Park SW, Choi J. Promotion of dermal tissue engineering in a rat model using a composite 3D-printed scaffold with electrospun nanofibers and recipient-site preconditioning with an external volume expansion device. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:23-32. [PMID: 35319292 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221080532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that use of a composite three-dimensionally (3D) printed scaffold with electrospun nanofibers in conjunction with recipient-site preconditioning with an external volume expansion (EVE) device would enable successful dermal tissue regeneration of a synthetic polymer scaffold. Cell viability, cell infiltration, extracellular matrix deposition, scaffold contraction, and mRNA expression by dermal fibroblasts cultured on three different scaffolds, namely, 3D-printed scaffold with a collagen coating, 3D-printed scaffold with an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber and collagen coating, and 3D-printed scaffold with an electrospun polycaprolactone/collagen nanofiber, were measured. Before scaffold implantation, rats were treated for 2 h with an EVE device to evaluate the effect of this device on the recipient site. Cell proliferation rates were significantly higher on the 3D-printed scaffold with electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber and collagen coating than on the other scaffolds. In cell invasion studies, the 3D-printed scaffold with electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber and collagen coating showed better cell integration than the other scaffolds. Under stereomicroscopy, fibroblasts adhered tightly to the electrospun area, and the fibroblasts effectively produced both collagen and elastin. Rat skin treated with an EVE device exhibited increased HIF-1α protein expression and capillary neoformation compared with control skin. Invasion of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes surrounding the scaffold decreased when the recipient site was preconditioned with the EVE device. The composite 3D printed scaffold with electrospun nanofibers provided a favorable environment for proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis by fibroblasts. Recipient-site preconditioning with an EVE device allowed for scaffold incorporation with less inflammation due to improved angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Woon Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 26722Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jamin Hong
- Departmant of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 65673Kelmyulng University School, South Korea
| | - Junhyung Kim
- Departmant of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 65673Kelmyulng University School, South Korea
| | - Woonhyeok Jeong
- Departmant of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 65673Kelmyulng University School, South Korea
| | - Taehee Jo
- Departmant of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 65673Kelmyulng University School, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Wook Lee
- Departmant of Pathology, 37053Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Park
- Departmant of Pathology, 37053Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea.,Departmant of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 37053Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea.,*Sang Woo Park and Jaehoon Choi contributed equally to this paper as corresponding authors
| | - Jaehoon Choi
- Departmant of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 65673Kelmyulng University School, South Korea.,*Sang Woo Park and Jaehoon Choi contributed equally to this paper as corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Melt-Spun, Cross-Section Modified Polycaprolactone Fibers for Use in Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering. FIBERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fib10030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue Engineering is considered a promising route to address existing deficits of autografts and permanent synthetic prostheses for tendons and ligaments. However, the requirements placed on the scaffold material are manifold and include mechanical, biological and degradation-related aspects. In addition, scalable processes and FDA-approved materials should be applied to ensure the transfer into clinical practice. To accommodate these aspects, this work focuses on the high-scale fabrication of high-strength and highly oriented polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers with adjustable cross-sectional geometry and degradation kinetics applying melt spinning technology. Four different fiber cross-sections were investigated to account for potential functionalization and cell growth guidance. Mechanical properties and crystallinity were studied for a 24-week exposure to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. PCL fibers were further processed into scaffolds using multistage circular braiding with three different hierarchical structures. One structure was selected based on its morphology and scaled up in thickness to match the requirements for a human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement. Applying a broad range of draw ratios (up to DR9.25), high-strength PCL fibers with excellent tensile strength (up to 69 cN/tex) could be readily fabricated. The strength retention after 24 weeks in PBS at 37 °C was 83–93%. The following braiding procedure did not affect the scaffolds’ mechanical properties as long as the number of filaments and the braiding angle remained constant. Up-scaled PCL scaffolds resisted loads of up to 4353.88 ± 37.30 N, whilst matching the stiffness of the human ACL (111–396 N/mm). In conclusion, this work demonstrates the fabrication of highly oriented PCL fibers with excellent mechanical properties. The created fibers represent a promising building block that can be further processed into versatile textile implants for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
17
|
Driving native-like zonal enthesis formation in engineered ligaments using mechanical boundary conditions and β-tricalcium phosphate. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:700-716. [PMID: 34954418 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocartilaginous entheses are structurally complex tissues that translate load from elastic ligaments to stiff bone via complex zonal gradients in the organization, mineralization, and cell phenotype. Currently, these complex gradients necessary for long-term mechanical function are not recreated in soft tissue-to-bone healing or engineered replacements, contributing to high failure rates. Previously, we developed a culture system that guides ligament fibroblasts to develop aligned native-sized collagen fibers using high-density collagen gels and mechanical boundary conditions. These constructs are promising ligament replacements, however functional ligament-to-bone attachments, or entheses, are required for long-term function in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of compressive mechanical boundary conditions and the addition of beta-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP), a known osteoconductive agent, on the development of zonal ligament-to-bone entheses. We found that compressive boundary clamps, that restrict cellular contraction and produce a zonal tensile-compressive environment, guide ligament fibroblasts to produce 3 unique zones of collagen organization and zonal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), type II, and type X collagen. Ultimately, by 6 weeks of culture these constructs had similar organization and composition as immature bovine entheses. Further, βTCP applied under the clamp enhanced maturation of these entheses, leading to significantly increased tensile moduli, and zonal GAG accumulation, ALP activity, and calcium-phosphate accumulation, suggesting the initiation of endochondral ossification. This culture system produced some of the most organized entheses to date, closely mirroring early postnatal enthesis development, and provides an in vitro platform to better understand the cues that drive enthesis maturation in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Ligaments are attached to bone via entheses. Entheses are complex tissues with gradients in organization, composition, and cell phenotype. Entheses are necessary for proper transfer of load from ligament-to-bone, but currently are not restored with healing or replacements. Here, we provide new insight into how tensile-compressive boundary conditions and βTCP drive zonal gradients in collagen organization, mineralization, and matrix composition, producing tissues similar to immature ligament-to-bone attachments. Collectively, this culture system uses a bottom-up approach with mechanical and biochemical cues to produce engineered replacements which closely mirror postnatal enthesis development. This culture system is a promising platform to better understanding the cues that regulate enthesis formation so to better drive enthesis regeneration following graft repair and in engineered replacements.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dasgupta A, Sori N, Petrova S, Maghdouri-White Y, Thayer N, Kemper N, Polk S, Leathers D, Coughenour K, Dascoli J, Palikonda R, Donahue C, Bulysheva AA, Francis MP. Comprehensive collagen crosslinking comparison of microfluidic wet-extruded microfibers for bioactive surgical suture development. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:186-200. [PMID: 33878472 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Collagen microfiber-based constructs have garnered considerable attention for ligament, tendon, and other soft tissue repairs, yet with limited clinical translation due to strength, biocompatibility, scalable manufacturing, and other challenges. Crosslinking collagen fibers improves mechanical properties; however, questions remain regarding optimal crosslinking chemistries, biocompatibility, biodegradation, long-term stability, and potential for biotextile assemble at scale, limiting their clinical usefulness. Here, we assessed over 50 different crosslinking chemistries on microfluidic wet-extruded collagen microfibers made with clinically relevant collagen to optimize collagen fibers as a biotextile yarn for suture or other medical device manufacture. The endogenous collagen crosslinker, glyoxal, provides extraordinary fiber ultimate tensile strength near 300MPa, and Young's modulus of over 3GPa while retaining 50% of the initial load-bearing capacity through 6 months as hydrated. Glyoxal crosslinked collagen fibers further proved cytocompatible and biocompatible per ISO 10993-based testing, and further elicits a predominantly M2 macrophage response. Remarkably these strong collagen fibers are amenable to industrial braiding to form strong collagen fiber sutures. Collagen microfluidic wet extrusion with glyoxal crosslinking thus progress bioengineered, strong, and stable collagen microfibers significantly towards clinical use for potentially promoting efficient healing compared to existing suture materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Towards improving clinical outcomes for over 1 million ligament and tendon surgeries performed annually, we report an advanced microfluidic extrusion process for type I collagen microfiber manufacturing for biological suture and other biotextile manufacturing. This manuscript reports the most extensive wet-extruded collagen fiber crosslinking compendium published to date, providing a tremendous recourse to the field. Collagen fibers made with clinical-grade collagen and crosslinked with glyoxal, exhibit tensile strength and stability that surpasses all prior reports. This is the first report demonstrating that glyoxal, a native tissue crosslinker, has the extraordinary ability to produce strong, cytocompatible, and biocompatible collagen microfibers. These collagen microfibers are ideal for advanced research and clinical use as surgical suture or other tissue-engineered medical products for sports medicine, orthopedics, and other surgical indications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang C, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhang C, Wang B. Using Wet Electrospun PCL/Gelatin/CNT Yarns to Fabricate Textile-Based Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2627-2637. [PMID: 33821604 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating conductive materials in scaffolds has shown advantages in regulating adhesion, mitigation, and proliferation of electroactive cells for tissue engineering applications. Among various conductive materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown great promises in tissue engineering because of their good mechanical properties. However, the broad application of CNTs in tissue engineering is limited by current methods to incorporate CNTs in polymers that require miscible solvents to dissolve CNTs and polymers or CNT surface modification. These methods either limit polymer selections or adversely affect the properties of polymer/CNT composites. Here, we report a novel method to fabricate polymer/CNT composite yarns by electrospinning polycaprolactone/gelatin into a bath of CNT dispersion and extracting electrospun fibers out of the bath. The concentration of CNTs in the bath affects the thermal and mechanical properties and the yarns' degradation behavior. In vitro biological test results show that within a limited range of CNT concentrations in the bath, the yarns exhibit good biocompatibility and the ability to guide cell elongation and alignment. We also report the design and fabrication of a vascular scaffold by knitting the yarns into a textile fabric and combining the textile fabric with gelatin. The scaffold has similar mechanical properties to native vessels and supports cell proliferation. This work demonstrates that the wet electrospun polymer/CNT yarns are good candidates for constructing vascular scaffolds and provides a novel method to incorporate CNTs or other functional materials into biopolymers for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States.,Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Callaway Manufacturing Research Center Building, 813 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States
| | - Kan Wang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Callaway Manufacturing Research Center Building, 813 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Callaway Manufacturing Research Center Building, 813 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States
| | - Chuck Zhang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Callaway Manufacturing Research Center Building, 813 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States.,H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and System Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 755 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States
| | - Ben Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States.,Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Callaway Manufacturing Research Center Building, 813 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States.,H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and System Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 755 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta 30332, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rinoldi C, Kijeńska-Gawrońska E, Khademhosseini A, Tamayol A, Swieszkowski W. Fibrous Systems as Potential Solutions for Tendon and Ligament Repair, Healing, and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001305. [PMID: 33576158 PMCID: PMC8048718 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries caused by trauma and degenerative diseases are frequent and affect diverse groups of the population. Such injuries reduce musculoskeletal performance, limit joint mobility, and lower people's comfort. Currently, various treatment strategies and surgical procedures are used to heal, repair, and restore the native tissue function. However, these strategies are inadequate and, in some cases, fail to re-establish the lost functionality. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches aim to overcome these disadvantages by stimulating the regeneration and formation of neotissues. Design and fabrication of artificial scaffolds with tailored mechanical properties are crucial for restoring the mechanical function of tendons. In this review, the tendon and ligament structure, their physiology, and performance are presented. On the other hand, the requirements are focused for the development of an effective reconstruction device. The most common fiber-based scaffolding systems are also described for tendon and ligament tissue regeneration like strand fibers, woven, knitted, braided, and braid-twisted fibrous structures, as well as electrospun and wet-spun constructs, discussing critically the advantages and limitations of their utilization. Finally, the potential of multilayered systems as the most effective candidates for tendon and ligaments tissue engineering is pointed out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rinoldi
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| | - Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-822, Poland
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Radiology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 02-507, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ruiz-Alonso S, Lafuente-Merchan M, Ciriza J, Saenz-Del-Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Tendon tissue engineering: Cells, growth factors, scaffolds and production techniques. J Control Release 2021; 333:448-486. [PMID: 33811983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a global health problem that affects millions of people annually. The properties of tendons make their natural rehabilitation a very complex and long-lasting process. Thanks to the development of the fields of biomaterials, bioengineering and cell biology, a new discipline has emerged, tissue engineering. Within this discipline, diverse approaches have been proposed. The obtained results turn out to be promising, as increasingly more complex and natural tendon-like structures are obtained. In this review, the nature of the tendon and the conventional treatments that have been applied so far are underlined. Then, a comparison between the different tendon tissue engineering approaches that have been proposed to date is made, focusing on each of the elements necessary to obtain the structures that allow adequate regeneration of the tendon: growth factors, cells, scaffolds and techniques for scaffold development. The analysis of all these aspects allows understanding, in a global way, the effect that each element used in the regeneration of the tendon has and, thus, clarify the possible future approaches by making new combinations of materials, designs, cells and bioactive molecules to achieve a personalized regeneration of a functional tendon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Markel Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-Del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lombardi JA, Hoonjan A, Rodriguez N, Delossantos A, Monteiro G, Sandor M, Xu H. Porcine bone-patellar tendon-bone xenograft in a caprine model of anterior cruciate ligament repair. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020939737. [PMID: 32715928 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020939737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of human tissue-derived autografts and allografts continues to be the gold standard in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair. However, autografts and allografts have their own set of associated risks. Many alternative options, including synthetic replacements, have failed to demonstrate long-term success. In this study, sterile acellular porcine bone-tendon-bone (BTB) xenografts were created using a proprietary process and tested against BTB autografts in goats for 13 and 52 weeks. At 13 weeks, all xenograft-implanted animals (n = 9) had subjective hind leg motor function (HLMF) that was categorized as either normal (score = 0) or a slight limp (score = 1) compared with two of nine autograft-implanted animals having a moderate limp (score = 2). At 39 weeks, there was HLMF improvement with each autograft-implanted and xenograft-implanted animal having normal HLMF or only a slight limp. At 13 weeks, six of nine animals in each group achieved normal anterior drawer scores, which increased to nine of nine animals in each group by 39 weeks. Both autografts and xenografts exhibited minimal inflammation with excellent integration of the fibrous tendon portion of the graft to host bone, as evidenced histologically by Sharpey's fiber formation. At 52 weeks, maximum mechanical load at failure for xenografts was 1092.0 ± 586.4 N compared with 1037.0 ± 422.6 N for autografts. These results demonstrate that a sterile acellular porcine BTB xenograft can perform equivalently to BTB autograft in a caprine model of ACL repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Lombardi
- LifeCell Corporation (an Allergan affiliate), Research and Development Department, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Amardeep Hoonjan
- LifeCell Corporation (an Allergan affiliate), Research and Development Department, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Neil Rodriguez
- LifeCell Corporation (an Allergan affiliate), Research and Development Department, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Aubrey Delossantos
- LifeCell Corporation (an Allergan affiliate), Research and Development Department, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Gary Monteiro
- LifeCell Corporation (an Allergan affiliate), Research and Development Department, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Maryellen Sandor
- LifeCell Corporation (an Allergan affiliate), Research and Development Department, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- LifeCell Corporation (an Allergan affiliate), Research and Development Department, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Erisken C, Tsiantis A, Papathanasiou TD, Karvelas EG. Collagen fibril diameter distribution affects permeability of ligament tissue: A computational study on healthy and injured tissues. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 196:105554. [PMID: 32531655 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective In avascular or hypovascular tissues, elements required for maintaining tissue functions are recruited through diffusion, which is highly related with the permeability of the extracellular matrix in health and injury. Here, we investigate the effect of collagen fibril diameter distribution of bovine Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tissue on the hydraulic permeability of the matrix. Based on the fact that the diameter distribution is significantly different between healthy and injured ACL tissues, our study aims to investigate the effect of such variability on the hydraulic permeability. Methods Simulations are carried out in 3D geometries reconstructed from actual collagen filament/fibril diameter distributions obtained from healthy and injured tissue samples (n=3). The fluid flow through the fibrous tissue is modeled based on Eringen's theory of micropolar fluid flow to determine the effects of vortex viscosity (m) and spin gradient viscosity (N) on hydraulic permeability. Results Computational results indicate that the hydraulic permeability of models which are replicates of healthy ACL tissues is higher than that of the injured, indicating that the filament size distribution might play an important role on fluid and nutrient transport through ligament tissues. Conclusions These findings underscore the need for increased attention on replicating the diameter distribution of healthy collagens in tissue engineering scaffolds and allowing adequate supply of elements through permeation during ACL reconstruction procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Erisken
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - A Tsiantis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - T D Papathanasiou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - E G Karvelas
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, Thivon 250, 12241 Aigaleo, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Locke RC, Ford EM, Silbernagel KG, Kloxin AM, Killian ML. Success Criteria and Preclinical Testing of Multifunctional Hydrogels for Tendon Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:506-518. [PMID: 32988293 PMCID: PMC7869878 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are difficult to heal, in part, because intrinsic tendon healing, which is dominated by scar tissue formation, does not effectively regenerate the native structure and function of healthy tendon. Further, many current treatment strategies also fall short of producing regenerated tendon with the native properties of healthy tendon. There is increasing interest in the use of cell-instructive strategies to limit the intrinsic fibrotic response following injury and improve the regenerative capacity of tendon in vivo. We have established multifunctional, cell-instructive hydrogels for treating injured tendon that afford tunable control over the biomechanical, biochemical, and structural properties of the cell microenvironment. Specifically, we incorporated integrin-binding domains (RGDS) and assembled multifunctional collagen mimetic peptides that enable cell adhesion and elongation of stem cells within synthetic hydrogels of designed biomechanical properties and evaluated these materials using targeted success criteria developed for testing in mechanically demanding environments such as tendon healing. The in vitro and in situ success criteria were determined based on systematic reviews of the most commonly reported outcome measures of hydrogels for tendon repair and established standards for testing of biomaterials. We then showed, using validation experiments, that multifunctional and synthetic hydrogels meet these criteria. Specifically, these hydrogels have mechanical properties comparable to developing tendon; are noncytotoxic both in two-dimensional bolus exposure (hydrogel components) and three-dimensional encapsulation (full hydrogel); are formed, retained, and visualized within tendon defects over time (2-weeks); and provide mechanical support to tendon defects at the time of in situ gel crosslinking. Ultimately, the in vitro and in situ success criteria evaluated in this study were designed for preclinical research to rigorously test the potential to achieve successful tendon repair before in vivo testing and indicate the promise of multifunctional and synthetic hydrogels for continued translation. Impact statement Tendon healing results in a weak scar that forms due to poor cell-mediated repair of the injured tissue. Treatments that tailor the instructions experienced by cells during healing afford opportunities to regenerate the healthy tendon. Engineered cell-instructive cues, including the biomechanical, biochemical, and structural properties of the cell microenvironment, within multifunctional synthetic hydrogels are promising therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration. In this article, the preclinical efficacy of multifunctional synthetic hydrogels for tendon repair is tested against rigorous in vitro and in situ success criteria. This study indicates the promise for continued preclinical translation of synthetic hydrogels for tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Locke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Eden M. Ford
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Megan L. Killian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Investigation of the Short-term Effects of Heat Shock on Human Hamstring Tenocytes In Vitro. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Silva M, Ferreira FN, Alves NM, Paiva MC. Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites for ligament/tendon tissue engineering. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:23. [PMID: 32000800 PMCID: PMC6993465 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligaments and tendons are fibrous tissues with poor vascularity and limited regeneration capacity. Currently, a ligament/tendon injury often require a surgical procedure using auto- or allografts that present some limitations. These inadequacies combined with the significant economic and health impact have prompted the development of tissue engineering approaches. Several natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers as well as composites, blends and hybrids based on such materials have been used to produce tendon and ligament scaffolds. Given the complex structure of native tissues, the production of fiber-based scaffolds has been the preferred option for tendon/ligament tissue engineering. Electrospinning and several textile methods such as twisting, braiding and knitting have been used to produce these scaffolds. This review focuses on the developments achieved in the preparation of tendon/ligament scaffolds based on different biodegradable polymers. Several examples are overviewed and their processing methodologies, as well as their biological and mechanical performances, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, Associate PT Government Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Institute for Polymers and Composites/i3N, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- 2C2T-Centre of Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernando N Ferreira
- 2C2T-Centre of Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Natália M Alves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, Associate PT Government Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Maria C Paiva
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Institute for Polymers and Composites/i3N, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Freedman BR, Mooney DJ. Biomaterials to Mimic and Heal Connective Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806695. [PMID: 30908806 PMCID: PMC6504615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue is one of the four major types of animal tissue and plays essential roles throughout the human body. Genetic factors, aging, and trauma all contribute to connective tissue dysfunction and motivate the need for strategies to promote healing and regeneration. The goal here is to link a fundamental understanding of connective tissues and their multiscale properties to better inform the design and translation of novel biomaterials to promote their regeneration. Major clinical problems in adipose tissue, cartilage, dermis, and tendon are discussed that inspire the need to replace native connective tissue with biomaterials. Then, multiscale structure-function relationships in native soft connective tissues that may be used to guide material design are detailed. Several biomaterials strategies to improve healing of these tissues that incorporate biologics and are biologic-free are reviewed. Finally, important guidance documents and standards (ASTM, FDA, and EMA) that are important to consider for translating new biomaterials into clinical practice are highligted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Olvera D, Schipani R, Sathy BN, Kelly DJ. Electrospinning of highly porous yet mechanically functional microfibrillar scaffolds at the human scale for ligament and tendon tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:035016. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0de1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Pagán A, Aznar‐Cervantes SD, Pérez‐Rigueiro J, Meseguer‐Olmo L, Cenis JL. Potential use of silkworm gut fiber braids as scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2209-2215. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pagán
- Department of BiotechnologyInstituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) Murcia Spain
| | - Salvador D. Aznar‐Cervantes
- Department of BiotechnologyInstituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) Murcia Spain
| | - José Pérez‐Rigueiro
- Centro de Tecnología BiomédicaUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de MaterialesETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Meseguer‐Olmo
- Grupo de Regeneración y Reparacion de TejidosUniversidad Católica de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Jose L. Cenis
- Department of BiotechnologyInstituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA) Murcia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sornkamnerd S, Okajima MK, Matsumura K, Kaneko T. Micropatterned Cell Orientation of Cyanobacterial Liquid-Crystalline Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44834-44843. [PMID: 30480994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Control of cell extension direction is crucial for the regeneration of tissues, which are generally composed of oriented molecules. The scaffolds of highly oriented liquid crystalline polymer chains were fabricated by casting cyanobacterial mega-saccharides, sacran, on parallel-aligned micrometer bars of polystyrene (PS). Polarized microscopy revealed that the orientation was in transverse direction to the longitudinal axes of the PS bars. Swelling behavior of the micropatterned hydrogels was dependent on the distance between the PS bars. The mechanical properties of these scaffolds were dependent on the structural orientation; additionally, the Young's moduli in the transverse direction were higher than those in the parallel direction to the major axes of the PS bars. Further, fibroblast L929 cells were cultivated on the oriented scaffolds to be aligned along the orientation axis. L929 cells cultured on these scaffolds exhibited uniaxial elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranyoo Sornkamnerd
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering , Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, (VISTEC) , Payupnai , Wang Chan 21210 , Thailand
| | - Maiko K Okajima
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Energy and Environment Area, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology , Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) , 1-1 Asahidai , Nomi , Ishikawa 923-1292 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Laurent C, Liu X, De Isla N, Wang X, Rahouadj R. Defining a scaffold for ligament tissue engineering: What has been done, and what still needs to be done. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocit.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
32
|
Huang Y, Bao Y, Kwong HK, Chen TH, Lam ML. Outline-etching image segmentation reveals enhanced cell chirality through intercellular alignment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2595-2603. [PMID: 29959862 PMCID: PMC6220999 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells cultured on micropatterns exhibit a chiral orientation, which may underlie the development of left–right asymmetry in tissue microarchitectures. To investigate this phenomenon, fluorescence staining of nuclei has been used to reveal such orientation. However, for images with high cell density, analysis is difficult because of the overlapping nuclei. Here, we report an image processing method that can acquire cell orientations within dense cell populations. After initial separation based on Boolean addition of binarized images using global and adaptive thresholds, the overlapping nucleus contours in the binarized images were segmented by iteratively etching the outlines of nuclei, which allowed the orientations of each cell to be extracted from densely packed cell clusters. In applying this technique to cultured C2C12 myoblasts in micropatterned stripes on different substrates, we found an enhanced chiral orientation on glass substrate. More important, this enhanced chirality was consistently observed with increased intercellular alignment and independent of cell–cell distance or cell density, suggesting that intercellular alignment plays a role in determining the chiral orientation. By segmenting single cells with intact orientation, this technique offers an automated method for quantitative analysis with improved accuracy, providing an essential tool for studying left–right asymmetry and other morphogenic dynamics in tissue formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhun Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanye Bao
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Kwan Kwong
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Miu Ling Lam
- School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brennan DA, Conte AA, Kanski G, Turkula S, Hu X, Kleiner MT, Beachley V. Mechanical Considerations for Electrospun Nanofibers in Tendon and Ligament Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701277. [PMID: 29603679 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers possess unique qualities such as nanodiameter, high surface area to volume ratio, biomimetic architecture, and tunable chemical and electrical properties. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of nanofibrous architecture to direct cell morphology, migration, and more complex biological processes such as differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition through topographical guidance cues. These advantages have created great interest in electrospun fibers for biomedical applications, including tendon and ligament repair. Electrospun nanofibers, despite their nanoscale size, generally exhibit poor mechanical properties compared to larger conventionally manufactured polymer fiber materials. This invites the question of what role electrospun polymer nanofibers can play in tendon and ligament repair applications that have both biological and mechanical requirements. At first glance, the strength and stiffness of electrospun nanofiber grafts appear to be too low to fill the rigorous loading conditions of these tissues. However, there are a number of strategies to enhance and tune the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber grafts. As researchers design the next-generation electrospun tendon and ligament grafts, it is critical to consider numerous physiologically relevant mechanical criteria and to evaluate graft mechanical performance in conditions and loading environments that reflect in vivo conditions and surgical fixation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University 201 Mullica Hill Road, Rowan Hall Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| | - Adriano A. Conte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University 201 Mullica Hill Road, Rowan Hall Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| | - Gregory Kanski
- Cooper Bone and Joint Institute and Cooper Medical School, Rowan University 3 Cooper Plaza Camden NJ 08103 USA
| | - Stefan Turkula
- Cooper Bone and Joint Institute and Cooper Medical School, Rowan University 3 Cooper Plaza Camden NJ 08103 USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University 201 Mullica Hill Road, Rowan Hall Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Rowan University 201 Mullica Hill Road, Rowan Hall Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| | - Matthew T. Kleiner
- Cooper Bone and Joint Institute and Cooper Medical School, Rowan University 3 Cooper Plaza Camden NJ 08103 USA
| | - Vince Beachley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University 201 Mullica Hill Road, Rowan Hall Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Patel S, Caldwell JM, Doty SB, Levine WN, Rodeo S, Soslowsky LJ, Thomopoulos S, Lu HH. Integrating soft and hard tissues via interface tissue engineering. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1069-1077. [PMID: 29149506 PMCID: PMC6467291 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The enthesis, or interface between bone and soft tissues such as ligament and tendon, is prone to injury and often does not heal, even post surgical intervention. Interface tissue engineering represents an integrative strategy for regenerating the native enthesis by functionally connecting soft and hard tissues and thereby improving clinical outcome. This review focuses on integrative and cell-instructive scaffold designs that target the healing of the two most commonly injured soft tissue-bone junctions: tendon-bone interface (e.g., rotator cuff) and ligament-bone interface (e.g., anterior cruciate ligament). The inherent connectivity between soft and hard tissues is instrumental for musculoskeletal motion and is therefore a key design criterion for soft tissue regeneration. To this end, scaffold design for soft tissue regeneration have progressed from single tissue systems to the emerging focus on pre-integrated and functional composite tissue units. Specifically, a multifaceted, bioinspired approach has been pursued wherein scaffolds are tailored to stimulate relevant cell responses using spatially patterned structural and chemical cues, growth factors, and/or mechanical stimulation. Moreover, current efforts to elucidate the essential scaffold design criteria via strategic biomimicry are emphasized as these will reduce complexity in composite tissue regeneration and ease the related burden for clinical translation. These innovative studies underscore the clinical relevance of engineering connective tissue integration and have broader impact in the formation of complex tissues and total joint regeneration. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1069-1077, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahishnu Patel
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Jon-Michael Caldwell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Stephen B. Doty
- Analytical Microscopy Core Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021
| | - William N. Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Scott Rodeo
- Soft Tissue Research Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021
| | - Louis J. Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Carroll Laboratories of Orthopedic Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Helen H. Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang C, Wang X, Zhang E, Yang L, Yuan H, Tu W, Zhang H, Yin Z, Shen W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Ouyang H. An epigenetic bioactive composite scaffold with well-aligned nanofibers for functional tendon tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 66:141-156. [PMID: 28963019 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poor tendon repair is often a clinical challenge due to the lack of ideal biomaterials. Electrospun aligned fibers, resembling the ultrastructure of tendon, have been previously reported to promote tenogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear and the aligned fibers alone are not capable enough to commit teno-differentiation of stem cells. Here, based on our observation of reduced expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) cultured on aligned fibers, we proposed a strategy to enhance the tenogenesis effect of aligned fibers by using a small molecule Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor. Such a TSA-laden poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) aligned fiber (A-TSA) scaffold was successfully fabricated by a stable jet electrospinning method, and demonstrated its sustained capability in releasing TSA. We found that TSA incorporated aligned fibers of PLLA had an additive effect in directing tenogenic differentiation. Moreover, the in situ implantation study in rat model further confirmed that A-TSA scaffold promoted the structural and mechanical properties of the regenerated Achilles tendon. This study demonstrated that HDAC was involved in the teno-differentiation with aligned fiber topography, and the combination of HDAC with aligned topography might be a more efficient strategy to promote tenogenesis of stem cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Electrospun aligned fibers, resembling the ultrastructure of tendon, have been previously reported to promote tenogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear and the aligned fibers alone are not capable enough to commit teno-differentiation of stem cells. The uniqueness of our studies are as follows, based on our observation of reduced expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) cultured on aligned fibers, we proposed a strategy to enhance the tenogenesis effect of aligned fibers by using a small molecule Trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor. Such a TSA-laden poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) aligned fiber (A-TSA) scaffold was successfully fabricated by a stable jet electrospinning method, and demonstrated its sustained capability in releasing TSA. The incorporation and subsequent release of bioactive small molecule TSA into electrospun aligned fibers allows a controllable manner for both biochemical and physical regulation of tenogenesis of stem cells both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the present study provides a model of "translating the biological knowledge learned from cell-material interaction into optimizing biomaterials (from Biomat-to-Biomat)".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Bionanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xianliu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Erchen Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long Yang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenjing Tu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huilan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yanzhong Zhang
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bogdanowicz DR, Lu HH. Designing the stem cell microenvironment for guided connective tissue regeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1410:3-25. [PMID: 29265419 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and their capacity for multilineage differentiation and tissue regeneration. For connective tissues, such as ligaments or tendons, MSCs are vital to the modulation of the inflammatory response following acute injury while also interacting with resident fibroblasts to promote cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. To date, MSC injection for connective tissue repair has yielded mixed results in vivo, likely due to a lack of appropriate environmental cues to effectively control MSC response and promote tissue healing instead of scar formation. In healthy tissues, stem cells reside within a complex microenvironment comprising cellular, structural, and signaling cues that collectively maintain stemness and modulate tissue homeostasis. Changes to the microenvironment following injury regulate stem cell differentiation, trophic signaling, and tissue healing. Here, we focus on models of the stem cell microenvironment that are used to elucidate the mechanisms of stem cell regulation and inspire functional approaches to tissue regeneration. Recent studies in this frontier area are highlighted, focusing on how microenvironmental cues modulate MSC response following connective tissue injury and, more importantly, how this unique cell environment can be programmed for stem cell-guided tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Bogdanowicz
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Novakova SS, Mahalingam VD, Florida SE, Mendias CL, Allen A, Arruda EM, Bedi A, Larkin LM. Tissue-engineered tendon constructs for rotator cuff repair in sheep. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:289-299. [PMID: 28657154 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Current rotator cuff repair commonly involves the use of single or double row suture techniques, and despite successful outcomes, failure rates continue to range from 20 to 95%. Failure to regenerate native biomechanical properties at the enthesis is thought to contribute to failure rates. Thus, the need for technologies that improve structural healing of the enthesis after rotator cuff repair is imperative. To address this issue, our lab has previously demonstrated enthesis regeneration using a tissue-engineered graft approach in a sheep anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair model. We hypothesized that our tissue-engineered graft designed for ACL repair also will be effective in rotator cuff repair. The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of our Engineered Tissue Graft for Rotator Cuff (ETG-RC) in a rotator cuff tear model in sheep and compare this novel graft technology to the commonly used double row suture repair technique. Following a 6-month recovery, the grafted and contralateral shoulders were removed, imaged using X-ray, and tested biomechanically. Additionally, the infraspinatus muscle, myotendinous junction, enthesis, and humeral head were preserved for histological analysis of muscle, tendon, and enthesis structure. Our results showed that our ETC-RCs reached 31% of the native tendon tangent modulus, which was a modest, non-significant, 11% increase over that of the suture-only repairs. However, the histological analysis showed the regeneration of a native-like enthesis in the ETG-RC-repaired animals. This advanced structural healing may improve over longer times and may diminish recurrence rates of rotator cuff tears and lead to better clinical outcomes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:289-299, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stoyna S Novakova
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200Michigan 48109-2200
| | - Vasudevan D Mahalingam
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200Michigan 48109-2200
| | - Shelby E Florida
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200Michigan 48109-2200
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200Michigan 48109-2200.,Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200
| | | | - Ellen M Arruda
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200.,Departments of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200Michigan 48109-2200.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu T, Liu Y, Wang B, Sun Y, Xu J, Yuk-Wai LW, Xu L, Zhang J, Li G. The Use of Cocultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Tendon-Derived Stem Cells as a Better Cell Source for Tendon Repair. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:1229-1240. [PMID: 27609185 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of tendon tissue injury presents a significant clinical challenge due to the unique properties of tendons. Cell-based therapy provides a new alternative for regenerating functional tendons, such as in tendon rupture repair, but largely remains at the preclinical research stage. A cell source for graft preparation is essential for successful clinic application. In this study, a novel cell coculture system of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) was developed and investigated. BMSCs and TDSCs were cultured separately or in combination at ratios of 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, and 1:1 in vitro, and the cocultured cells showed an enhanced proliferation and collagenous protein production. The coculture system promoted tenogenic differentiation with enhanced tenogenic marker gene expression and collagen matrix production, particularly in the groups with a ratio of 1:1. Using a rat patellar tendon window injury model, we demonstrated that the cell sheets formed by cocultured cells promoted tendon healing significantly, compared to those with a single-cell source. Our study suggests that BMSCs and TDSCs cocultured at the 1:1 ratio may be an improved cell source/preparation for tendon tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P.R. China .,2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,4 Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,4 Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,4 Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lee Wayne Yuk-Wai
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,4 Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- 3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,4 Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,4 Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China .,4 Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pei B, Wang W, Fan Y, Wang X, Watari F, Li X. Fiber-reinforced scaffolds in soft tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:257-268. [PMID: 28798872 PMCID: PMC5544910 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue engineering has been developed as a new strategy for repairing damaged or diseased soft tissues and organs to overcome the limitations of current therapies. Since most of soft tissues in the human body are usually supported by collagen fibers to form a three-dimensional microstructure, fiber-reinforced scaffolds have the advantage to mimic the structure, mechanical and biological environment of natural soft tissues, which benefits for their regeneration and remodeling. This article reviews and discusses the latest research advances on design and manufacture of novel fiber-reinforced scaffolds for soft tissue repair and how fiber addition affects their structural characteristics, mechanical strength and biological activities in vitro and in vivo. In general, the concept of fiber-reinforced scaffolds with adjustable microstructures, mechanical properties and degradation rates can provide an effective platform and promising method for developing satisfactory biomechanically functional implantations for soft tissue engineering or regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Pei
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fumio Watari
- Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee-Barthel A, Baar K, West DWD. Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28654031 PMCID: PMC5608388 DOI: 10.3791/55339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments are essential to understand biological mechanisms; however, the gap between monolayer tissue culture and human physiology is large, and translation of findings is often poor. Thus, there is ample opportunity for alternative experimental approaches. Here we present an approach in which human cells are isolated from human anterior cruciate ligament tissue remnants, expanded in culture, and used to form engineered ligaments. Exercise alters the biochemical milieu in the blood such that the function of many tissues, organs and bodily processes are improved. In this experiment, ligament construct culture media was supplemented with experimental human serum that has been 'conditioned' by exercise. Thus the intervention is more biologically relevant since an experimental tissue is exposed to the full endogenous biochemical milieu, including binding proteins and adjunct compounds that may be altered in tandem with the activity of an unknown agent of interest. After treatment, engineered ligaments can be analyzed for mechanical function, collagen content, morphology, and cellular biochemistry. Overall, there are four major advantages versus traditional monolayer culture and animal models, of the physiological model of ligament tissue that is presented here. First, ligament constructs are three-dimensional, allowing for mechanical properties (i.e., function) such as ultimate tensile stress, maximal tensile load, and modulus, to be quantified. Second, the enthesis, the interface between boney and sinew elements, can be examined in detail and within functional context. Third, preparing media with post-exercise serum allows for the effects of the exercise-induced biochemical milieu, which is responsible for the wide range of health benefits of exercise, to be investigated in an unbiased manner. Finally, this experimental model advances scientific research in a humane and ethical manner by replacing the use of animals, a core mandate of the National Institutes of Health, the Center for Disease Control, and the Food and Drug Administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Lee-Barthel
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis;
| | - Daniel W D West
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis; Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Waryasz GR, Marcaccio S, Gil JA, Owens BD, Fadale PD. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair and Biologic Innovations. JBJS Rev 2017; 5:e2. [DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.16.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
42
|
Pedde RD, Mirani B, Navaei A, Styan T, Wong S, Mehrali M, Thakur A, Mohtaram NK, Bayati A, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Nikkhah M, Willerth SM, Akbari M. Emerging Biofabrication Strategies for Engineering Complex Tissue Constructs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606061. [PMID: 28370405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for organ transplantation and repair, coupled with a shortage of available donors, poses an urgent clinical need for the development of innovative treatment strategies for long-term repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues and organs. Bioengineering organs, by growing patient-derived cells in biomaterial scaffolds in the presence of pertinent physicochemical signals, provides a promising solution to meet this demand. However, recapitulating the structural and cytoarchitectural complexities of native tissues in vitro remains a significant challenge to be addressed. Through tremendous efforts over the past decade, several innovative biofabrication strategies have been developed to overcome these challenges. This review highlights recent work on emerging three-dimensional bioprinting and textile techniques, compares the advantages and shortcomings of these approaches, outlines the use of common biomaterials and advanced hybrid scaffolds, and describes several design considerations including the structural, physical, biological, and economical parameters that are crucial for the fabrication of functional, complex, engineered tissues. Finally, the applications of these biofabrication strategies in neural, skin, connective, and muscle tissue engineering are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Pedde
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ali Navaei
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Tara Styan
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah Wong
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Nima Khadem Mohtaram
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Armin Bayati
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wagner ER, Parry J, Dadsetan M, Bravo D, Riester SM, van Wijnen AJ, Yaszemski MJ, Kakar S. Chondrocyte Attachment, Proliferation, and Differentiation on Three-Dimensional Polycaprolactone Fumarate Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:622-629. [PMID: 28375818 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for cartilage injuries are limited. The goals of this study are to create a biodegradable polymer scaffold with the capabilities of sustaining chondrocyte growth and proliferation, enable cell-to-cell communication and tissue regeneration through large pores, and assess the biological augmentation of the scaffold capabilities using platelet lysate (PL). We synthesized biodegradable polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) scaffolds to allow cell-cell communication through large interconnected pores. Molds were printed using a three-dimensional printer and scaffolds synthesized through UV crosslinking. Culture medium included alpha modified Eagle's media with either 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 5% PL, a mixture of platelet release products, after being seeded onto scaffolds through a dynamic bioreactor. Assays included cellular proliferation (MTS), toxicity and viability (live/dead immunostaining), differentiation (glycosaminoglycan [GAG], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and total collagen), and immunostaining for chondrogenic markers collagen II and Sox 9 (with collagen I as a negative control). The large interconnected pores (500 and 750 μm) enable cell-to-cell communication and cellular infiltration into the scaffolds, as the cells remained viable and proliferated for 2 weeks. Chondrocytes cultured in PL showed increased rates of proliferation when compared with FBS. The chondrogenic markers GAG and total collagen contents increased over 2 weeks at each time point, whereas the osteogenic marker ALP did not significantly change. Immunostaining at 2 and 4 weeks for the expression of chondrogenic markers Collagen II and Sox 9 was increased when compared with control human fibroblasts. These results show that the PCLF polymer scaffold enables chondrocytes to attach, proliferate, and retain their chondrogenic phenotypes, demonstrating potential in chondrocyte engineering and cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahrokh Dadsetan
- 2 Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dalibel Bravo
- 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University , New York, New York
| | - Scott M Riester
- 4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Michael J Yaszemski
- 5 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sharifi-Aghdam M, Faridi-Majidi R, Derakhshan MA, Chegeni A, Azami M. Preparation of collagen/polyurethane/knitted silk as a composite scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2017; 231:652-662. [PMID: 28347205 DOI: 10.1177/0954411917697751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to prepare a hybrid three-dimensional scaffold that mimics natural tendon tissues. It has been found that a knitted silk shows good mechanical strength; however, cell growth on the bare silk is not desirable. Hence, electrospun collagen/polyurethane combination was used to cover knitted silk. A series of collagen and polyurethane solutions (4%-7% w/v) in aqueous acetic acid were prepared and electrospun. According to obtained scanning electron microscopy images from pure collagen and polyurethane nanofibers, concentration was set constant at 5% (w/v) for blend solutions of collagen/polyurethane. Afterward, blend solutions with the weight ratios of 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 were electrospun. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated the smooth and uniform morphology for the optimized nanofibers. The least fibers diameter among three weight ratios was found for collagen/polyurethane (25/75) which was 100.86 ± 40 nm and therefore was selected to be electrospun on the knitted silk. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the chemical composition of obtained electrospun nanofibers on the knitted silk. Tensile test of the specimens including blend nanofiber, knitted silk and commercial tendon substitute examined and indicated that collagen/polyurethane-coated knitted silk has appropriate mechanical properties as a scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. Then, Alamar Blue assay of the L929 fibroblast cell line seeded on the prepared scaffolds demonstrated appropriate viability of the cells with a significant proliferation on the scaffold containing more collagen content. The results illustrate that the designed structure would be promising for being used as a temporary substitute for tendon repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifi-Aghdam
- 1 Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- 1 Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Derakhshan
- 1 Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Chegeni
- 2 Medical Devices Bureau, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran.,3 Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- 3 Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hao H, Deng Y, Wu Y, Liu S, Lin W, Li J, Luo F, Tan H. Synthesis of biodegradable waterborne phosphatidylcholine polyurethanes for soft tissue engineering applications. Regen Biomater 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiehua Li
- Correspondence address. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. Tel: +86 28 85460972; Fax: +86 28 85405402; E-mail: ;
| | | | - Hong Tan
- Correspondence address. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. Tel: +86 28 85460972; Fax: +86 28 85405402; E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kumar P, Vasita R. Understanding the relation between structural and mechanical properties of electrospun fiber mesh through uniaxial tensile testing. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; IIT Bombay; Powai, Mumbai Maharashtra 400076 India
| | - Rajesh Vasita
- School of Life Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar 382030 India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yurie H, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Kaizawa Y, Tajino J, Ito A, Ohta S, Oda H, Takeuchi H, Akieda S, Tsuji M, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. The efficacy of a scaffold-free Bio 3D conduit developed from human fibroblasts on peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171448. [PMID: 28192527 PMCID: PMC5305253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autologous nerve grafting is the gold standard treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, several alternative methods have been developed, including nerve conduits that use supportive cells. However, the seeding efficacy and viability of supportive cells injected in nerve grafts remain unclear. Here, we focused on a novel completely biological, tissue-engineered, scaffold-free conduit. METHODS We developed six scaffold-free conduits from human normal dermal fibroblasts using a Bio 3D Printer. Twelve adult male rats with immune deficiency underwent mid-thigh-level transection of the right sciatic nerve. The resulting 5-mm nerve gap was bridged using 8-mm Bio 3D conduits (Bio 3D group, n = 6) and silicone tube (silicone group, n = 6). Several assessments were conducted to examine nerve regeneration eight weeks post-surgery. RESULTS Kinematic analysis revealed that the toe angle to the metatarsal bone at the final segment of the swing phase was significantly higher in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (-35.78 ± 10.68 versus -62.48 ± 6.15, respectively; p < 0.01). Electrophysiological studies revealed significantly higher compound muscle action potential in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (53.60 ± 26.36% versus 2.93 ± 1.84%; p < 0.01). Histological and morphological studies revealed neural cell expression in all regions of the regenerated nerves and the presence of many well-myelinated axons in the Bio 3D group. The wet muscle weight of the tibialis anterior muscle was significantly higher in the Bio 3D group than the silicone group (0.544 ± 0.063 versus 0.396 ± 0.031, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that scaffold-free Bio 3D conduits composed entirely of fibroblast cells promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Kaizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iseikai Yawata Chuo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Tajino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin Z, Zhao X, Chen S, Du C. Osteogenic and tenogenic induction of hBMSCs by an integrated nanofibrous scaffold with chemical and structural mimicry of the bone–ligament connection. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1015-1027. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02156e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrospinning nanofiber collecting device was designed and utilized to fabricate an integrated PCL nanofibrous scaffold with a “random–aligned–random” structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- P. R. China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- P. R. China
| | - Chang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sears NA, Pena-Galea G, Cereceres SN, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Hybrid polyurea elastomers with enzymatic degradation and tunable mechanical properties. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416679363. [PMID: 27994846 PMCID: PMC5153027 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416679363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of enzymatically labile polyureas for use as a tissue-engineered ligament scaffold. Polyureas were selected due to their excellent tensile properties, fatigue resistance, and highly tunable nature. Incorporation of a collagenase-sensitive peptide into the backbone of the polyurea provided a means to confer cell-responsive degradation to the synthetic polymer. Chemical, morphological, and mechanical testing were used to confirm incorporation of the peptide and characterize polyurea films. Notably, the incorporation of the peptide resulted in an increase in modulus, elongation, and tensile strength. This was attributed to an increase in phase mixing and an increase in hydrogen bonding between the hard and soft segments. Candidate polyureas with varying levels of collagen-mimetic peptide (0%, 10%, 20%) were then subjected to degradation in collagenase media or buffer at 37°C over 4 weeks. Statistically significant decreases in strength and elongation were observed in polyureas with 20% peptide content after collagenase treatment, whereas specimens in phosphate-buffered saline showed no statistically significant difference. These observations confirmed that enzyme-specific degradation was conferred to the polyurea. Overall, these polyureas hold great promise as a material for ligament reconstruction due to the promising mechanical properties and potential for cell-mediated degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Sears
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Geraldine Pena-Galea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stacy N Cereceres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Polymer fiber-based models of connective tissue repair and healing. Biomaterials 2016; 112:303-312. [PMID: 27770633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically relevant models of wound healing are essential for understanding the biology of connective tissue repair and healing. They can also be used to identify key cellular processes and matrix characteristics critical for the design of soft tissue grafts. Modeling the various stages of repair post tendon injury, polymer meshes of varying fiber diameter (nano-1 (390 nm) < nano-2 (740 nm) < micro (1420 nm)) were produced. Alignment was also introduced in the nano-2 group to model matrix undergoing biological healing rather than scar formation. The response of human tendon fibroblasts on these model substrates were evaluated over time as a function of fiber diameter and alignment. It was observed that the repair models of unaligned nanoscale fibers enhanced cell growth and collagen synthesis, while these outcomes were significantly reduced in the mature repair model consisting of unaligned micron-sized fibers. Organization of paxillin and actin on unaligned meshes was enhanced on micro- compared to nano-sized fibers, while the expression and activity of RhoA and Rac1 were greater on nanofibers. In contrast, aligned nanofibers promoted early cell organization, while reducing excessive cell growth and collagen production in the long term. These results show that the early-stage repair model of unaligned nanoscale fibers elicits a response characteristic of the proliferative phase of wound repair, while the more mature model consisting of unaligned micron-sized fibers is more representative of the remodeling phase by supporting cell organization while suppressing growth and biosynthesis. Interestingly, introduction of fiber alignment in the nanofiber model alters fibroblast response from repair to healing, implicating matrix alignment as a critical design factor for circumventing scar formation and promoting biological healing of soft tissue injuries.
Collapse
|