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Sahm J, Brobeil B, Grubmüller E, Conrad T, Schott M, Stökl J, Steiger S. The scent of offspring: chemical profiles of larvae change during development and affect parental behavior in a burying beetle. Behav Ecol 2024; 35:arae061. [PMID: 39139623 PMCID: PMC11319877 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical cues and signals, especially in insects, play a pivotal role in mediating interactions between individuals. Past studies have largely focused on adult semiochemicals and have neglected those of juvenile stages. Especially in the context of parental care, the larval odor might have a profound impact on parenting behavior, guiding parents in how much resources they should allocate to the different developmental stages. However, whether ontogenetic changes occur in subsocial species and whether larval-emitted scents influence parent-offspring interactions is largely unknown. Using 3 different sampling techniques, we analyzed the cuticular and VOC profile of the 3 larval instars of the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, which is known for its elaborate parental care. We found distinct differences in the cuticular and VOC profiles across the 3 larval stages. Second-instar larvae, which receive more frequent feedings from parents than the other larval stages, released greater amounts of acetophenone, methyl geranate, and octanoic acid isopropyl ester than the first and third instar. Additionally, using a newly developed bioassay with automated video tracking, we found that adding the odor of second-instar larvae to first-instar larvae increased the number of maternal feeding trips. Our results suggest that the odor produced by larvae plays an important role in mediating parent-offspring interactions. Given these findings, burying beetles might emerge as a promising candidate for identifying a potential begging pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Sahm
- Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Beatrice Brobeil
- Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eric Grubmüller
- Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Taina Conrad
- Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes Stökl
- Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sandra Steiger
- Department of Evolutionary Animal Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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2
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Crawley SE, Borden JH, Ritchey JP, Haynes KF. First instar and adult male bed bugs, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), increase feeding activity in the presence of adult females. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:293. [PMID: 38978105 PMCID: PMC11232164 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, form day-time aggregations from which they depart at night to feed on human blood. Obtaining an initial blood meal is a critical step in the development of first instars. Previous research had shown that first instars had greater success in obtaining this essential meal when in the presence of adults than when they were alone. METHODS Feeding by bed bugs was tested in upright vertical cylindrical chambers fitted with a paper ramp to aid in climbing toward a blood feeder suspended across the upper end of the cylinder. Feeding success by the first instars was tested when they were alone in the chamber or when they were in the presence of adult females, males, or both together. RESULTS: The mean proportions of the first instars that fed were significantly higher when they were confined with adults of both sexes or adult females than when they were confined alone or with males. Feeding by adult males was also enhanced by confinement with females. When first instars and adult females were confined together, the mean duration before first instars began feeding was longer than for females. There was no difference in feeding success by first instars confined with their mothers or nonmothers. CONCLUSIONS Elevated feeding by first instars and adult males in the presence of females may be adaptive traits that enhance fitness. First instars must feed to avoid dehydration and starvation and to obtain resources needed for development. Adult males would benefit not only by increased feeding success but also by greater likelihood of finding a recently engorged female with which to mate. The lack of any difference in feeding success of first instars in the presence of their mothers or nonmothers argues against parental care in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Crawley
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
- Rentokil-Terminix, 9000 Freeport Parkway, Suite 100, Irving, TX, 75063, USA
| | - John H Borden
- JHB Consulting, 6552 Carnegie Street, Burnaby, BC, V5B 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Josiah P Ritchey
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 100 Derieux Place, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7613, USA
- Rentokil-Terminix, 9000 Freeport Parkway, Suite 100, Irving, TX, 75063, USA
| | - Kenneth F Haynes
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
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3
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Xiu C, Pan H, Zhang F, Luo Z, Bian L, Li Z, Fu N, Zhou L, Magsi FH, Cai X, Chen Z. Identification of aggregation pheromones released by the stick tea thrips (Dendrothrips minowai) larvae and their application for controlling thrips in tea plantations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2528-2538. [PMID: 38087822 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stick tea thrips, Dendrothrips minowai Priesner, is one of the most important sucking pests that seriously infest tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China. Given that D. minowai exhibit aggregation behaviors in tea plantations, this study evaluated the potential of aggregation pheromones for their control. RESULTS H-tube olfactometer assays showed that D. minowai larvae, adult females and adult males were significantly attracted to larvae rather than adult females and males under laboratory conditions. Subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles from larvae, identified two larva-specific components: dodecyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate. Electrophysiological and behavioral experiments confirmed the positive response of females and males to dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, and their blend (1:1.5). Deployment of these aggregation pheromones on sticky traps resulted in a 1.2- to 3.0-fold increase in the capture of D. minowai adults compared with control traps. In addition, deployment of sticky traps baited with these aggregation pheromones within tea plantations resulted in a noteworthy reduction in the population of adult thrips per 100 leaves, 10 days following trap deployment. The reduction ranged from 29% to 59%, in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION D. minowai larvae produce aggregation pheromones, dodecyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate, that can be useful for controlling tea thrips. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Xiu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Fengge Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanxia Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fida Hussain Magsi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Goodale E, Magrath RD. Species diversity and interspecific information flow. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:999-1014. [PMID: 38279871 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Interspecific information flow is known to affect individual fitness, population dynamics and community assembly, but there has been less study of how species diversity affects information flow and thereby ecosystem functioning and services. We address this question by first examining differences among species in the sensitivity, accuracy, transmissibility, detectability and value of the cues and signals they produce, and in how they receive, store and use information derived from heterospecifics. We then review how interspecific information flow occurs in communities, involving a diversity of species and sensory modes, and how this flow can affect ecosystem-level functions, such as decomposition, seed dispersal or algae removal on coral reefs. We highlight evidence that some keystone species are particularly critical as a source of information used by eavesdroppers, and so have a disproportionate effect on information flow. Such keystone species include community informants producing signals, particularly about predation risk, that influence other species' landscapes of fear, and aggregation initiators creating cues or signals about resources. We suggest that the presence of keystone species means that there will likely be a positive relationship in many communities between species diversity and information through a 'sampling effect', in which larger pools of species are more likely to include the keystone species by chance. We then consider whether the number and relative abundance of species, irrespective of the presence of keystone species, matter to interspecific information flow; on this issue, the theory is less developed, and the evidence scant and indirect. Higher diversity could increase the quantity or quality of information that is used by eavesdroppers because redundancy increases the reliability of information or because the species provide complementary information. Alternatively, there could be a lack of a relationship between species diversity and information if there is widespread information parasitism where users are not sources, or if information sourced from heterospecifics is of lower value than that gained personally or sourced from conspecifics. Recent research suggests that species diversity does have information-modulated community and ecosystem consequences, especially in birds, such as the diversity of species at feeders increasing resource exploitation, or the number of imitated species increasing responses to vocal mimics. A first step for future research includes comprehensive observations of information flow among different taxa and habitats. Then studies should investigate whether species diversity influences the cumulative quality or quantity of information at the community level, and consequently ecosystem-level processes. An applied objective is to conserve species in part for their value as sources of information for other species, including for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben Goodale
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Robert D Magrath
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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5
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Goffinet AJ, Darragh K, Saleh N, Ostwald MM, Buchmann SL, Ramirez SR. Individual Variation in Male Pheromone Production in Xylocopa sonorina Correlates with size and Gland Color. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:1-10. [PMID: 38110848 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Sex pheromones are species-specific chemical signals that facilitate the location, identification, and selection of mating partners. These pheromones can vary between individuals, and act as signals of mate quality. Here, we investigate the variation of male pheromones in the mesosomal glands of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa sonorina, within a Northern California population. We tested the hypothesis that morphological traits are correlated with the observed variation in chemical blend composition of these bees. We also conducted behavioral assays to test whether these male pheromones act as long-range attractants to conspecifics. We found that larger males with darker mesosomal glands have a higher pheromone amount in their glands. Our analysis also suggests that this pheromone blend functions as a long-range attractant to both males and females. We show that both male body size and sexual maturation are important factors influencing pheromone abundance, and that this pheromone blend acts as a long-range attractant. We hypothesize that this recorded variation in male pheromone could be important for female choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Goffinet
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kathy Darragh
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas Saleh
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Fresno Pacific University, Fresno, CA, 93702, USA
| | - Madeleine M Ostwald
- Cheadle Center for Biodiversity & Ecological Restoration, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchmann
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Santiago R Ramirez
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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6
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Li Z, Costamagna AC, Beran F, You M. Biology, Ecology, and Management of Flea Beetles in Brassica Crops. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:199-217. [PMID: 38270984 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-033023-015753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops are attacked by several different flea beetle species (Chrysomelidae: Alticini). Over the past decades, most research has focused on two Phyllotreta species, Phyllotreta striolata and Phyllotreta cruciferae, which are major pests of oilseed rape in North America. More recently, and especially after the ban of neonicotinoids in the European Union, the cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala, has become greatly important and is now considered to be the major pest of winter oilseed rape in Europe. The major challenges to flea beetle control are the prediction of population dynamics in the field, differential susceptibility to insecticides, and the lack of resistant plant cultivars and other economically viable alternative management strategies. At the same time, many fundamental aspects of flea beetle biology and ecology, which may be relevant for the development of sustainable control strategies, are not well understood. This review focuses on the interactions between flea beetles and plants and summarizes the literature on current management strategies with an emphasis on the potential for biological control in flea beetle management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
| | | | - Franziska Beran
- Department of Population Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China;
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7
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Cronin JT, Goddard J, Krivchenia A, Shivaji R. Density-dependent within-patch movement behavior of two competing species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10753. [PMID: 38020706 PMCID: PMC10659955 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement behavior is central to understanding species distributions, population dynamics and coexistence with other species. Although the relationship between conspecific density and emigration has been well studied, little attention has been paid to how interspecific competitor density affects another species' movement behavior. We conducted releases of two species of competing Tribolium flour beetles at different densities, alone and together in homogeneous microcosms, and tested whether their recaptures-with-distance were well described by a random-diffusion model. We also determined whether mean displacement distances varied with the release density of conspecific and heterospecific beetles. A diffusion model provided a good fit to the redistribution of T. castaneum and T. confusum at all release densities, explaining an average of >60% of the variation in recaptures. For both species, mean displacement (directly proportional to the diffusion rate) exhibited a humped-shaped relationship with conspecific density. Finally, we found that both species of beetle impacted the within-patch movement rates of the other species, but the effect depended on density. For T. castaneum in the highest density treatment, the addition of equal numbers of T. castaneum or T. confusum had the same effect, with mean displacements reduced by approximately one half. The same result occurred for T. confusum released at an intermediate density. In both cases, it was total beetle abundance, not species identity that mattered to mean displacement. We suggest that displacement or diffusion rates that exhibit a nonlinear relationship with density or depend on the presence or abundance of interacting species should be considered when attempting to predict the spatial spread of populations or scaling up to heterogeneous landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Jerome Goddard
- Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceAuburn University MontgomeryMontgomeryAlabamaUSA
| | - Aaron Krivchenia
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Ratnasingham Shivaji
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of North Carolina GreensboroGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
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8
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Boné E, González-Audino P, Sfara V. The Response of Susceptible and Pyrethroid-Resistant Blattella germanica (Dyctioptera: Blattellidae) to Shelter-Associated Cues. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:848-859. [PMID: 37552458 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it was studied the role of faeces in the location and permanence in a shelter in susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant individuals of Blattella germanica (Linnaeus 1767). Additionally, the effect of different concentrations of palmitic acid on the modulation of these behaviours was tested. A shelter constituted by a square cardboard structure was offered to susceptible as well as to resistant specimens. The shelter bases were treated with faecal extracts obtained from susceptible or resistant cockroaches, or with solutions of palmitic acid. The behaviour of susceptible as well as resistant specimens was analysed using infrared videography software. Susceptible's faecal extract attracted both specimens since the time spent by cockroaches to locate the treated shelters was lower, whereas the faecal extract from resistant insects did not elicit any effect on both strains. Faecal extracts showed an arrestant effect on both strains, suggested by the time spent inside the shelter that was significantly higher in their presence. On the other hand, treatment with palmitic acid produced an attractant or a repellent effect depending on the concentration and strain. The tested lower concentration was attractant to susceptible insects, but did not produce any effect on resistant ones. In addition, the higher concentrations did not produce any effect on susceptible individuals, but resulted repellent for resistant ones. Palmitic acid did not produce an arrestant effect on the strains as there was not an increase in time spent inside the shelter in the presence of this substance. An increase in the number of visits to the shelter and to the periphery was also observed in shelters treated with the faecal extract and with the lower concentration of palmitic acid. These results show that compounds of the susceptible faeces were attractant to cockroaches of both strains, while faecal extracts from resistant insects were not. Moreover, a dual effect of palmitic acid was observed, being attractant at low concentrations and repellent as concentration increased. Additionally, a difference in the concentration threshold at which the effect of this substance changes was observed between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Boné
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat Y Sostenibilidad, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paola González-Audino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Sfara
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat Y Sostenibilidad, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Guo X, He H, Sun J, Kang L. Plasticity of aggregation pheromones in insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 59:101098. [PMID: 37541387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Pheromone plasticity is widely observed in insects and enhances their survival, adaptation, and reproductive success. Aggregation pheromones, which cause notable individual aggregation and consequently impact agriculture and human life, are renowned for their special function. Here, we present a review of research progress regarding pheromone plasticity in three typical aggregative insects: locusts, bark beetles, and cockroaches. These insects are major pest species with considerable impacts on the social economy and public health. Numerous studies have demonstrated the plasticity of aggregation pheromones in different populations of these insect species. Although pheromone chemicals and compositions vary across the three groups, the plasticity of aggregation pheromones is significantly impacted by population density, location, food resources, and gut symbiotic microorganisms, indicating the complexity of pheromone plasticity regulated by multiple factors. Finally, we discuss the potential application of pheromone plasticity in basic research and pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Helen He
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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10
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Chartrain J, Knott KE, Michalczyk Ł, Calhim S. First evidence of sex-specific responses to chemical cues in tardigrade mate searching behaviour. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245836. [PMID: 37599615 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cues are widely used in intraspecific and interspecific communication, either as substances deposited in the substrate or as molecules diffused in water or air. In tardigrades, an emerging microscopic study system, chemical communication and its role in reproduction are poorly known. Here, we assessed sex differences in the detection of (a) short-range diffusing signals and (b) deposited cue trails during the mate-searching behaviour of freely moving virgin male and female Macrobiotus polonicus. We tracked individual behaviour (a) in simultaneous double-choice chambers, where live conspecifics of each sex were presented in water and (b) of freely moving pairs on agar without water. We found that males, but not females, preferentially associated with opposite-sex individuals in trials conducted in water. In contrast, neither sex detected nor followed cues deposited on agar. In conclusion, our study suggests that mate discrimination and approach are male-specific traits and are limited to waterborne chemical cues. These results support the existence of Darwinian sex roles in pre-mating behaviour in an animal group with virtually non-existing sex differences in morphology or ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Chartrain
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - K Emily Knott
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sara Calhim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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11
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Calvo Martín M, Rodriguez Palacio E, Deneubourg JL, Nicolis SC. Emergence and retention of a collective memory in cockroaches. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287845. [PMID: 37410767 PMCID: PMC10325095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The stability of collective decisions-making in social systems is crucial as it can lead to counterintuitive phenomena such as collective memories, where an initial choice is challenged by environmental changes. Many social species face the challenge to perform collective decisions under variable conditions. In this study, we focused on situations where isolated individuals and groups of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) had to choose between two shelters with different luminosities that were inverted during the experiment. The darker shelter was initially preferred, but only groups that reached a consensus within that shelter maintain their choice after the light inversion, while isolated individuals and small groups lacked site fidelity. Our mathematical model, incorporating deterministic and probabilistic elements, sheds light on the significance interactions and their stochasticity in the emergence and retention of a collective memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Calvo Martín
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems (CENOLI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Louis Deneubourg
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems (CENOLI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stamatios C. Nicolis
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems (CENOLI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Harbison CW, Breen MK, Hutchins CEC, Roberto DP. PHEROMONE COMMUNICATION IN FEATHER-FEEDING WING LICE (INSECTA: PHTHIRAPTERA). J Parasitol 2023; 109:333-339. [PMID: 37527274 PMCID: PMC10658871 DOI: 10.1645/23-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheromone communication is central to the life history of insect parasites. Determining how pheromones affect parasite behavior can provide insights into host-parasite interactions and suggest novel avenues for parasite control. Lice infest thousands of bird and mammal species and feed on the host's feathers or blood. Despite the pervasiveness of lice in wild populations and the costs they exact on livestock and poultry industries, little is known about pheromone communication in this diverse group. Here, we test for pheromone communication in the wing lice (Columbicola columbae) of Rock Doves (Columba livia). Wing lice spend the majority of their lives on bird flight feathers where they hide from host preening by inserting their bodies between coarse feather barbs. To feed, wing lice must migrate to bird body regions where they consume the insulating barbs of contour feathers. We first show that wing lice readily form aggregations on flight feathers. Next, using a Y-tube olfactometer, we demonstrate that wing lice use pheromone communication to move toward groups of nearby conspecifics. This pheromone is likely an aggregation pheromone, as wing lice only produce the pheromone when placed on flight feathers. Finally, we found that when forced to choose between groups of male and female lice, male lice move toward male groups and females toward female groups, suggesting the use of multiple pheromones. Ongoing work aims to determine the chemical identity and function of these pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa K. Breen
- Biology Department, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211
| | | | - Domenic P. Roberto
- Biology Department, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211
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13
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Akhoundi M, Chebbah D, Elissa N, Brun S, Jan J, Lacaze I, Izri A. Volatile Organic Compounds: A Promising Tool for Bed Bug Detection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5214. [PMID: 36982123 PMCID: PMC10048870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent decades' resurgence of bed bugs as a public health concern in industrialized countries has driven an increased interest on new sustainable insecticide-free methods to monitor and control these ectoparasites. Current methods of detection rely mainly on visual inspection or canine scent detection, which are methods that are time-consuming, require experience, are non-specific or require costly mission repetitions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered an environmentally friendly alternative and a promising approach for bed bug detection. An overview of the released literature on VOCs, their chemical characteristics and their role in bed bugs' intra- and inter-species communications allowed us to highlight the identification of 49 VOCs in Cimex lectularius (23 molecules) and C. hemipterus (26), which are emitted by both sexes during diverse compartments including aggregation (46), mating (11), defense (4), etc., and all life stages including exuviae or dead bed bugs as a principal indicator of infestation. The latter has a great importance for application of these semiochemicals in successful detection and control management of bed bugs and to prevent their further dispersion. This approach has the advantage of more reliability compared to conventional detection methods with no need for repeated inspections, household furniture moving or resident rehousing for bed bugs' VOC detection, which are commonly performed by active or passive sampling with absorbing tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-based analytical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Dahlia Chebbah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale (SPSE), Sous-Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Prévention (SDSEP), Direction de la Santé Publique (DSP)—Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Nohal Elissa
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale (SPSE), Sous-Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Prévention (SDSEP), Direction de la Santé Publique (DSP)—Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Brun
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Julie Jan
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, 35, Rue de la Gare, CEDEX 19, 75935 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lacaze
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Direction Santé Confort, Division Qualité Sanitaire des Ouvrages, 84, Avenue Jean Jaurès, CEDEX F-77447, 77420 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13000 Marseille, France
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14
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Verschut TA, Ng R, Doubovetzky NP, Le Calvez G, Sneep JL, Minnaard AJ, Su CY, Carlsson MA, Wertheim B, Billeter JC. Aggregation pheromones have a non-linear effect on oviposition behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1544. [PMID: 36941252 PMCID: PMC10027874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) oviposit at communal sites where the larvae may cooperate or compete for resources depending on group size. This offers a model system to determine how females assess quantitative social information. We show that the concentration of pheromones found on a substrate increases linearly with the number of adult flies that have visited that site. Females prefer oviposition sites with pheromone concentrations corresponding to an intermediate number of previous visitors, whereas sites with low or high concentrations are unattractive. This dose-dependent decision is based on a blend of 11-cis-Vaccenyl Acetate (cVA) indicating the number of previous visitors and heptanal (a novel pheromone deriving from the oxidation of 7-Tricosene), which acts as a dose-independent co-factor. This response is mediated by detection of cVA by odorant receptor neurons Or67d and Or65a, and at least five different odorant receptor neurons for heptanal. Our results identify a mechanism allowing individuals to transform a linear increase of pheromones into a non-linear behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Verschut
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renny Ng
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nicolas P Doubovetzky
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Le Calvez
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan L Sneep
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chih-Ying Su
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mikael A Carlsson
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bregje Wertheim
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Billeter
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Tolassy V, Cazalé-Debat L, Houot B, Reynaud R, Heydel JM, Ferveur JF, Everaerts C. Drosophila Free-Flight Odor Tracking is Altered in a Sex-Specific Manner By Preimaginal Sensory Exposure. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:179-194. [PMID: 36881326 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
In insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, flight guidance is based on converging sensory information provided by several modalities, including chemoperception. Drosophila flies are particularly attracted by complex odors constituting volatile molecules from yeast, pheromones and microbe-metabolized food. Based on a recent study revealing that adult male courtship behavior can be affected by early preimaginal exposure to maternally transmitted egg factors, we wondered whether a similar exposure could affect free-flight odor tracking in flies of both sexes. Our main experiment consisted of testing flies differently conditioned during preimaginal development in a wind tunnel. Each fly was presented with a dual choice of food labeled by groups of each sex of D. melanogaster or D. simulans flies. The combined effect of food with the cis-vaccenyl acetate pheromone (cVA), which is involved in aggregation behavior, was also measured. Moreover, we used the headspace method to determine the "odorant" identity of the different labeled foods tested. We also measured the antennal electrophysiological response to cVA in females and males resulting from the different preimaginal conditioning procedures. Our data indicate that flies differentially modulated their flight response (take off, flight duration, food landing and preference) according to sex, conditioning and food choice. Our headspace analysis revealed that many food-derived volatile molecules diverged between sexes and species. Antennal responses to cVA showed clear sex-specific variation for conditioned flies but not for control flies. In summary, our study indicates that preimaginal conditioning can affect Drosophila free flight behavior in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Tolassy
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRAE, UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurie Cazalé-Debat
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRAE, UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France.,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Park Road, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin Houot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRAE, UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France.,Institut Gustave Roussel, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Rémy Reynaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRAE, UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRAE, UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRAE, UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Claude Everaerts
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRAE, UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Bd Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France.
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16
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Sun X, Song W, Guo W, Wang S, Wen J. The Influencing Factors of Aggregation Behavior of Tree-of-Heaven Trunk Weevil, Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:253. [PMID: 36975938 PMCID: PMC10054803 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tree-of-heaven trunk weevil, Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most harmful pests that damage the tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae). Aggregation behavior tests of E. brandti adults were conducted in laboratory conditions. The effects of temperature and light on the aggregation behavior of adults were tested, and the effect of sex and host was conducted with binomial choice experiments. The results showed that (1) the adults aggregate in both light and dark environments but preferred the dark environment, (2) temperature can drive the aggregation of E. brandti adults, (3) host plants could trigger E. brandti adults' aggregation behavior, which is probably related to phytochemicals and insect feeding and localization, (4) there was mutual attraction of males and females and chemical attraction of crude intestinal extracts of males and females, and (5) aggregation behavior of E. brandti adults may also be related to the mediating of physical signals in insects. In this study, aggregation behavior can help us understand conspecific interactions and discover some strategies for effective control.
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17
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Masier S, Taudière A, Roy LJM, Carrasco D, Barnagaud JY, Planchon C, Soulié AS, Sleeckx N, Roy L. High-throughput behavioral phenotyping of tiny arthropods: Chemosensory traits in a mesostigmatic hematophagous mite. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:46-62. [PMID: 36052497 PMCID: PMC10087610 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pest management using attractive and/or repellent semiochemicals is a key alternative to synthetic insecticides. Its implementation requires a good understanding of the intra- and interspecific chemical interactions of arthropod pests, their interactions with their abiotic environment, as well as their evolutionary dynamics. Although mites include many pest species and biocontrol agents of economic importance in agriculture, their chemical ecology is largely understudied compared to insects. We developed a high-throughput ethomics system to analyze these small arthropods and conducted a study on Dermanyssus gallinae, a problematic poultry parasite in the egg industry. Our purpose was to elucidate the role played by host-derived odorants (synthetic kairomone) and conspecific odorants (mite body odors) in D. gallinae. After validating our nanocomputer controlled olfactometric system with volatile semiochemicals of known biological activity, we characterized response traits to kairomonal and/or pheromonal volatile blends in mites from different populations. We were able to accurately characterize the repulsion or attraction behaviors in >1000 individual specimens in a standardized way. Our results confirm the presence of a volatile aggregation pheromone emitted by D. gallinae and bring new elements to the effect of odor source presentation. Our results also confirm the attractive effect on Dermanyssus gallinae of a blend of volatile compounds contained in hen odor, while highlighting a repellent effect at high concentration. Significant interindividual and interpopulation variation was noted particularly in responses to synthetic kairomone. This information lays a valuable foundation for further exploring the emergence risk of resistance to semiochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Taudière
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | - David Carrasco
- MiVEGEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Barnagaud
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Planchon
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Soulié
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lise Roy
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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18
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Gugliuzzo A, Kreuzwieser J, Ranger CM, Tropea Garzia G, Biondi A, Biedermann PHW. Volatiles of fungal cultivars act as cues for host-selection in the fungus-farming ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151078. [PMID: 37125205 PMCID: PMC10140376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many wood-boring insects use aggregation pheromones during mass colonization of host trees. Bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are a model system, but much less is known about the role of semiochemicals during host selection by ambrosia beetles. As an ecological clade within the bark beetles, ambrosia beetles are obligately dependent on fungal mutualists for their sole source of nutrition. Mass colonization of trees growing in horticultural settings by exotic ambrosia beetles can occur, but aggregation cues have remained enigmatic. To elucidate this mechanism, we first characterized the fungal associates of the exotic, mass-aggregating ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus in Southern Germany. Still-air olfactometer bioassays documented the attraction of X. germanus to its primary nutritional mutualist Ambrosiella grosmanniae and to a lesser extent another common fungal isolate (Acremonium sp.). During two-choice bioassays, X. germanus was preferentially attracted to branch sections (i.e., bolts) that were either pre-colonized by conspecifics or pre-inoculated with A. grosmanniae. Subsequent analyses identified microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) that could potentially function as aggregation pheromones for X. germanus. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for fungal volatiles as attractive cues during host selection by X. germanus. Adaptive benefits of responding to fungal cues associated with an infestation of conspecifics could be a function of locating a suitable substrate for cultivating fungal symbionts and/or increasing the likelihood of mating opportunities with the flightless males. However, this requires solutions for evolutionary conflict arising due to potential mixing of vertically transmitted and horizontally acquired symbiont strains, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gugliuzzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Gugliuzzo,
| | | | - Christopher M. Ranger
- Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Wooster, OH, United States
| | | | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Peter H. W. Biedermann
- Chair for Forest Entomology and Protection, University of Freiburg, Stegen, Germany
- Peter H. W. Biedermann,
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19
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McGlone JJ, Archer C, Henderson M. Interpretive review: Semiochemicals in domestic pigs and dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:967980. [PMID: 36387395 PMCID: PMC9640746 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.967980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This interpretive review includes discussion of the available scientific literature with interpretations by the authors. The broad field of semiochemicals can be confusing to scientists and consumers. This review attempts to summarize the known scientific studies for pig and dog semiochemicals while at the same time attempting to refine our use of terminology. The specific objectives of this interpretive review are to summarize and interpret much of the key scientific literature (but not the lay literature) on semiochemicals in pigs and dogs to include (1) definitions of semiochemicals and related molecules including pheromones, (2) to briefly summarize olfactory organs, and (3) and to examine the scientific literature for semiochemical mechanisms and applications in dogs and pigs (two domesticated species with known olfactory acuity). Dogs and pigs have olfactory features that are similar in that they both lack certain olfactory organs (Grueneberg ganglion and Septal Organ) and they have a small vomeronasal organ (VNO) without some major receptors that are found in other species. The primary olfactory organs for both pigs and dogs are the main olfactory epithelium and perhaps the trigeminal nerve. Several examples of pheromones activating the brain via the MOE or Trigeminal nerve rather than the VNO challenge the concept that the VNO is the site of pheromone sensing. We believe it is not appropriate to label something a pheromone when evidence is not available to show that it is a pheromone. We offer definitions for the terms semiochemicals, pheromones, interomones and others and then determine if the evidence is sufficient to call certain semiochemicals a pheromone. Here we review mixed, largely negative, scientific reports of the efficacy of some products labeled as "pheromones" that are more appropriately called semiochemicals. Interomones can have a more powerful effect on dog behavior and physiology than semiochemicals marketed as pheromones. Because marketing of semiochemicals is far ahead of the science, bringing some logic and uniformity to the field will benefit animals and hopefully cause less consumer confusion. Semiochemicals have the potential to offer powerful solutions to behavioral problems using more naturally occurring molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. McGlone
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior, Physiology and Welfare, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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20
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Yan JL, Dukas R. The social consequences of sexual conflict in bed bugs: social networks and sexual attraction. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Morefield RD, Hamlin HJ. Larval salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis exhibit behavioral responses to conspecific pre-adult and adult cues. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 149:121-132. [PMID: 35678357 DOI: 10.3354/dao03666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the larval stage of the parasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the free-living copepodid must locate and settle on a salmonid host. Chemosensory mechanisms play a role in determining whether a potential host is suitable for attachment, yet the full suite of chemical cues and resulting behavioral mechanisms used are unknown. After maturing, pre-adult female and adult male salmon lice aggregate upon salmonid hosts for reproduction. Copepodid salmon lice have been observed preferentially infesting hosts that harbor conspecific adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that salmon lice copepodids perceive and respond to cues from pre-adult female, adult-male, and/or gravid female salmon lice. Behavioral bioassays were conducted in vitro with copepodids exposed to water conditioned with 3 stages of conspecific lice (pre-adult female, adult male, or gravid female), and seawater conditioned with Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758. Experiments demonstrated that copepodids exposed to water conditioned with the salmon host, pre-adult female, or adult male salmon lice significantly altered their behavior, whereas salmon lice exposed to water conditioned with gravid females did not. These results are potentially valuable in the development of novel methods for mitigation of L. salmonis in the salmon aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Morefield
- School of Marine Sciences, Murray Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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22
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Weinhold A. Bowel Movement: Integrating Host Mobility and Microbial Transmission Across Host Taxa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826364. [PMID: 35242121 PMCID: PMC8886138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of animals displays a high degree of plasticity with respect to environmental or dietary adaptations and is shaped by factors like social interactions, diet diversity or the local environment. But the contribution of these drivers varies across host taxa and our ability to explain microbiome variability within wild populations remains limited. Terrestrial animals have divergent mobility ranges and can either crawl, walk or fly, from a couple of centimeters toward thousands of kilometers. Animal movement has been little regarded in host microbiota frameworks, though it can directly influence major drivers of the host microbiota: (1) Aggregation movement can enhance social transmissions, (2) foraging movement can extend range of diet diversity, and (3) dispersal movement determines the local environment of a host. Here, I would like to outline how movement behaviors of different host taxa matter for microbial acquisition across mammals, birds as well as insects. Host movement can have contrasting effects and either reduce or enlarge spatial scale. Increased dispersal movement could dissolve local effects of sampling location, while aggregation could enhance inter-host transmissions and uniformity among social groups. Host movement can also extend the boundaries of microbial dispersal limitations and connect habitat patches across plant-pollinator networks, while the microbiota of wild populations could converge toward a uniform pattern when mobility is interrupted in captivity or laboratory settings. Hence, the implementation of host movement would be a valuable addition to the metacommunity concept, to comprehend microbial dispersal within and across trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Weinhold
- Faculty of Biology, Cellular and Organismic Networks, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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23
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Menezes J, Rangel E, Moura B. Aggregation as an antipredator strategy in the rock-paper-scissors model. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Using Chemical Ecology to Enhance Weed Biological Control. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080695. [PMID: 34442263 PMCID: PMC8396541 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Signaling chemicals produced by one organism that bring about a behavioral response in a recipient organism are known as semiochemicals, with pheromones being a well-known example. Semiochemicals have been widely used to monitor and control insect pests in agricultural and forestry settings, but they have not been widely used in weed biological control. Here, we list the few examples of semiochemical use in the practice of classical weed biological control, where a natural enemy (biocontrol agent) from the native range of the plant is introduced into the new invaded range. Uses of semiochemicals include monitoring of biocontrol agents (sex pheromones), keeping biocontrol agents together long enough for them to become well established (aggregation pheromones) and repelling agents from areas where they may be unwanted (host or non-host plant volatile organic deterrents). We make the case that given the vast potential of biological control in suppressing invasive plants it is well worth developing and utilizing semiochemicals to enhance biocontrol programs. Abstract In agricultural systems, chemical ecology and the use of semiochemicals have become critical components of integrated pest management. The categories of semiochemicals that have been used include sex pheromones, aggregation pheromones, and plant volatile compounds used as attractants as well as repellents. In contrast, semiochemicals are rarely utilized for management of insects used in weed biological control. Here, we advocate for the benefit of chemical ecology principles in the implementation of weed biocontrol by describing successful utilization of semiochemicals for release, monitoring and manipulation of weed biocontrol agent populations. The potential for more widespread adoption and successful implementation of semiochemicals justifies multidisciplinary collaborations and increased research on how semiochemicals and chemical ecology can enhance weed biocontrol programs.
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Liu S, Li B, Liu W, Liu Y, Ren B, Wang G. Sex peptide receptor mediates the post-mating switch in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) female reproductive behavior. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3427-3435. [PMID: 33798270 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Drosophila, the sex peptide receptor (SPR) in females to detect male sex peptide (SP) and trigger changes in female behavior including mating rejection and oviposition. In moths, the SPR had been identified and investigated the limited function by using RNA interference (RNAi). However, the detailed function of SPR after a normal mating in moths, especially the role in female sexual receptivity, remains to be elucidated. RESULTS In this study, we use Helicoverpa armigera, an economically important pest worldwide, as a case study to verify the function of SPR in vivo by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Analyzing the post-mating behaviors in mutant females, we investigated that HarmSPR could mediate the long-term sexual receptivity (remating, sex pheromone production and calling behavior) switch in female, but not affect the short-term sexual receptivity and the duration time of remating. The oviposition of mated HarmSPR-/- females was significantly decreased by ~70% comparing to wild-type (WT) mated females and there were more eggs staying in the ovary of mutant females. SPR also showed effect on female longevity, which is that the mated HarmSPR-/- females showed longer longevity than mated WT females. CONCLUSION The results detailedly demonstrated the functional role of SPR in female post-mating behaviors and we could propose a pest control strategy in which developing an antagonist of SPR to reduce the oviposition of female. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Guignard Q, Bouwer M, Slippers B, Allison J. Biology of a putative male aggregation-sex pheromone in Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244943. [PMID: 33382841 PMCID: PMC7775065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A putative male-produced pheromone has recently been described for the global pest of pines, Sirex noctilio, but field-activity has not been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the pheromone biology of S. noctilio in more detail. Specifically, we i) analysed effluvia and extracts for additional compounds by gas chromatography coupled with electro-antennographic detection (GC-EAD), mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and two dimensional time of flight mass spectrometry (GC X GC TOF MS), ii) conducted dose-response experiments for putative pheromone components, iii) determined the site of synthesis/ storage of the putative pheromone and iv) determined the release rate of the putative pheromone from males and three types of lures. A blend of four compounds was identified, including the previously described (Z)-3-decenol and (Z)-4-decenol, and two new compounds (Z)-3-octenol and (Z)-3-dodecenol. All compounds elicited a response from both male and female antennae, but the strength of the response varied according to sex, compound and dose tested. (Z)-3-Decenol and (Z)-3-octenol at lower and higher doses, respectively, elicited larger responses in males and females than the other two compounds. (Z)-3-Octenol and (Z)-4-decenol generally elicited larger female than male antennal responses. The site of synthesis and/or storage in males was determined to be the hind legs, likely in the leg-tendon gland. The relative release rate of the major compound by male wasps was shown to be 90 ± 12.4 ng/min, which is between 4 and 15 times greater than that observed from typical lures used previously. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that these compounds may mediate lek formation in S. noctilio males and lek location in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Guignard
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marc Bouwer
- Department of Chemistry, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Allison
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Influence of Age and Mating Status on Pheromone Production in a Powderpost Beetle Lyctus africanus (Coleoptera: Lyctinae). INSECTS 2020; 12:insects12010008. [PMID: 33375556 PMCID: PMC7824020 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Powderpost beetles, such as Lyctus africanus, are a common pest group for dried cured wood. The damage is slow and inconspicuous; thus, the infestation is mostly identified belatedly due to a lack of knowledge of how to locate and monitor it. L. africanus produces a pheromone, a chemical compound to attract other beetles. This pheromone has been determined and suggested as a monitoring tool for L. africanus. Here, we examined the physiological and behavioral parameters that affect pheromone production. We found that food availability may affect pheromone production in adult L. africanus males. In addition, of three components in male L. africanus aggregation pheromones, major compounds 2 (3-pentyl dodecanoate) and 3 (3-pentyl tetradecanoate) may be affected by age, not mating status, while compound 1 (2-propyl dodecanoate) was produced steadily and was affected by mating status. This suggests compounds 2 and 3 might have an important function in aggregation behavior, especially in signaling for mating opportunities. We also were able to clarify the minor effect of compound 1 in the aggregation pheromone of L. africanus, although not its role. The present information will be helpful in understanding the chemical communication of these insects, which may be important for the development of improved pheromone-based management strategies for controlling Lyctus beetles. Abstract Powderpost beetles such as Lyctus africanus are a common pest group for dried cured wood, causing significant harm to wood and wood products. We examined the life span and effects of aging and mating status on pheromone production in the powderpost beetle L. africanus (Coleoptera: Lyctinae). Experiments compared starved and unstarved male groups, and chemical analysis was used to determine factors affecting pheromone production. Regarding lifespan, male beetles provided food survived up to 14 weeks, while starved beetles died before the fifth week. Thus, an adult L. africanus male may require food throughout its lifespan, and food availability may affect pheromone production. There was no significant difference in the quantity of two major pheromone compounds, compound 2 (3-pentyl dodecanoate) and 3 (3-pentyl tetradecanoate) between mated and un-mated males. On the other hand, a minor compound, compound 1 (2-propyl dodecanoate) showed increased quantity after mating. The two major compounds were produced in low amounts by young L. africanus beetles, increasing until the fifth week, and beginning to decrease at the ninth week. The minor compound was produced steadily without significant change up to 9 weeks. Our results represent a step forward in the knowledge of the chemical communication of this important pest.
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Mwingira V, Mboera LEG, Dicke M, Takken W. Exploiting the chemical ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior in mosquito surveillance and control: a review. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:155-179. [PMID: 33207066 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vector control is an important component of the interventions aimed at mosquito-borne disease control. Current and future mosquito control strategies are likely to rely largely on the understanding of the behavior of the vector, by exploiting mosquito biology and behavior, while using cost-effective, carefully timed larvicidal and high-impact, low-volume adulticidal applications. Here we review the knowledge on the ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior with emphasis on the potential role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases. A search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Archive, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords mosquito, infochemical, pheromone, kairomone, allomone, synomone, apneumone, attractant, host-seeking, and oviposition. Articles in English from 1974 to 2019 were reviewed to gain comprehensive understanding of current knowledge on infochemicals in mosquito resource-searching behavior. Oviposition of many mosquito species is mediated by infochemicals that comprise pheromones, kairomones, synomones, allomones, and apneumones. The novel putative infochemicals that mediate oviposition in the mosquito subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae were identified. The role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of these and other mosquito tribes is discussed with respect to origin of the chemical cues and how these affect gravid mosquitoes. Oviposition attractants and deterrents can potentially be used for manipulation of mosquito behavior by making protected resources unsuitable for mosquitoes (push) while luring them towards attractive sources (pull). In this review, strategies of targeting breeding sites with environmentally friendly larvicides with the aim to develop appropriate trap-and-kill techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mwingira
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Boisseau RP, Ero MM, Makai S, Bonneau LJG, Emlen DJ. Sexual dimorphism divergence between sister species is associated with a switch in habitat use and mating system in thorny devil stick insects. Behav Processes 2020; 181:104263. [PMID: 33049376 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The habitat and resource use of females critically affects their pattern of distribution and consequently their monoposibility by males and the mating system of a species. Shifts in habitat use are therefore likely to be associated with changes in mating system and sexual selection acting on males' phenotypes, consequently affecting patterns of sexual dimorphism. Although sexual dimorphism is often correlated with shifts in habitat use at the macroevolutionary scale, the underlying microevolutionary processes involved are typically unclear. Here, we used the New Guinean stick insect genus Eurycantha to investigate how changes in habitat use and mating system were associated with a change in sexual dimorphism seen specifically in the thorny devil stick insects (Eurycantha calcarata and Eurycantha horrida). Male thorny devils display sexually dimorphic and enlarged hindlegs endowed with a sharp spine. Sexual size dimorphism is also very reduced in these species relative to other phasmids. Using field observations, morphological measurements and radiotelemetry, we investigated changes in mating system associated with the reduction of sexual dimorphism and tested predictions from the hypothesis that sexual selection drove the evolution of this unusual male morphology. We found that thorny devils switched from solitary roosting in the canopy during the day to communal roosting inside cavities of a few host trees, shifting the distribution of females from scattered to clumped. Male thorny devils used their large hindlegs to fight with rivals for positions on the tree close to cavities containing females, and larger males were associated with cavities containing relatively more females. In contrast, the sister species, Eurycantha insularis, displays relatively small and unarmoured males (ancestral state). Adult female E. insularis were always scattered in the canopy, and this species displayed a scramble competition mating system typical of other phasmids, where mobility, rather than fighting ability, is probably critical to males' reproductive success. Overall, our study illustrates how a drastic change in sexual dimorphism can be associated with a switch from solitary to communal roosting and from a scramble competition to a defense-based polygyny mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain P Boisseau
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
| | - Mark M Ero
- PNG Oil Palm Research Association Inc., Dami Research Station, PO Box 97, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea
| | - Simon Makai
- PNG Oil Palm Research Association Inc., Dami Research Station, PO Box 97, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea
| | - Luc J G Bonneau
- PNG Oil Palm Research Association Inc., Dami Research Station, PO Box 97, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea
| | - Douglas J Emlen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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Papa G, Negri I. Cannibalism in the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090643. [PMID: 32961659 PMCID: PMC7563328 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytophagous brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is known to exhibit cannibalistic behaviour towards eggs. Here, we provide evidence of cannibalism among overwintering H. halys adults. Since diapausing individuals have high physiological demands for surviving long periods under stressful conditions, including the risk of depletion of metabolic reserves and desiccation, we assumed that nutritional and water requirements can be met by intraspecific predation. The role of aggregative behaviour in promoting cannibalism is also discussed. Given its evolutionary advantage, this trait should be maintained over generations and may be more widespread than previously considered in species that display aggregative behaviour during adverse seasons.
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Huang H, Ren L, Li H, Schmidt A, Gershenzon J, Lu Y, Cheng D. The nesting preference of an invasive ant is associated with the cues produced by actinobacteria in soil. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008800. [PMID: 32913361 PMCID: PMC7482974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-dwelling animals are at risk of pathogen infection in soils. When choosing nesting sites, animals could reduce this risk by avoiding contact with pathogens, yet there is currently little evidence. We tested this hypothesis using Solenopsis invicta as a model system. Newly mated queens of S. invicta were found to nest preferentially in soil containing more actinobacteria of Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis and to be attracted to two volatiles produced by these bacteria, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. Actinobacteria-rich soil was favored by S. invicta and this soil contained fewer putative entomopathogenic fungi than adjacent areas. Queens in such soil benefited from a higher survival rate. In culture, isolated actinobacteria inhibited entomopathogenic fungi, suggested that their presence may reduce the risk of fungal infection. These results indicated a soil-dwelling ant may choose nest sites presenting relatively low pathogen risk by detecting the odors produced by bacteria with anti-fungal properties. Insect pathogens are widely distributed in soil. Soil-dwelling insects must overcome challenges arising from pathogens in soil. Here we report that a soil-dwelling ant may choose nest sites with lower pathogen infection risk, specifically the ant can sense the cues of some actinobacteria that can inhibit the growth of the pathogens. By choosing the sites with higher abundance of some actinobacteria, the ant can get a higher survival rate. The ant and some actinobacteria thus coordinate a specialized adaptive strategy of infection risk management, enabling the ant population to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Huang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijing Li
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (DC)
| | - Daifeng Cheng
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (DC)
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Liu P, Qin Z, Feng M, Zhang L, Huang X, Shi W. The male-produced aggregation pheromone of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips usitatus in China: identification and attraction of conspecifics in the laboratory and field. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2986-2993. [PMID: 32246573 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus, usually display aggregation behavior, which is probably mediated by a male-produced aggregation pheromone. Aggregation pheromones are species-specific, and can be used to develop commercial lures for monitoring and mass-trapping of pests. The active components of the aggregation pheromone for four thrips species have been identified. However, the components of M. usitatus-produced aggregation pheromone are still not clear. RESULT Y-tube olfactometer assays showed that both male and virgin female M. usitatus were significantly attracted to male but not female volatiles. This was additionally supported by electroantennogram (EAG) assays. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD) showed that one component of male-specific odors elicited a significant electrophysiological response. This compound was characterized as (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate, which is structurally different from the active components of the aggregation pheromones of other reported thrips species. Electroantennal responses of M. usitatus increased with increasing doses of synthetic (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate. Additionally, this compound significantly attracted adults in laboratory behavioral bioassays. Under field conditions, sticky traps with synthetic (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate caught 1.5-7-fold more M. usitatus than controls, and this effect of the compound at a dose of 60 μg lasted at least 6 days. CONCLUSION (2E,6E)-Farnesyl acetate was identified as the male-produced aggregation pheromone of M. usitatus. It could attract this thrips species under laboratory and field conditions, suggesting considerable potential as a commercial application to control M. usitatus populations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zifang Qin
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Feng
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Brzozowski LJ, Gardner J, Hoffmann MP, Kessler A, Agrawal AA, Mazourek M. Attack and aggregation of a major squash pest: Parsing the role of plant chemistry and beetle pheromones across spatial scales. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Brzozowski
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | | | | - André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Michael Mazourek
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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Malek HL, Long TAF. On the use of private versus social information in oviposition site choice decisions by Drosophila melanogaster females. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Individuals are faced with decisions throughout their lifetimes, and the choices they make often have important consequences toward their fitness. Being able to discern which available option is best to pursue often incurs sampling costs, which may be largely avoided by copying the behavior and decisions of others. Although social learning and copying behaviors are widespread, much remains unknown about how effective and adaptive copying behavior is, as well as the factors that underlie its expression. Recently, it has been suggested that since female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) appear to rely heavily on public information when selecting oviposition sites, they are a promising model system for researching patch-choice copying, and more generally, the mechanisms that control decision making. Here, we set out to determine how well female distinguish between socially produced cues, and whether females are using “relevant” signals when choosing an oviposition site. We found that females showed a strong preference for ovipositing on media patches that had been previously occupied by ovipositing females of the same species and diet over other female outgroups. However, in a separate assay, we observed that females favored ovipositing on media patches that previously housed virgin males over those exhibiting alternative conspecific signals. Our results confirm that females use cues left behind by other flies when choosing between potential oviposition sites, though their prioritization of these signals raises serious questions as to whether fruit flies are employing copying behavior, or are instead responding to signals that may not be of relevance to oviposition site suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Malek
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tristan A F Long
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Trienens M, Rohlfs M. A Potential Collective Defense of Drosophila Larvae Against the Invasion of a Harmful Fungus. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chemical identification of an aggregation pheromone in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7424. [PMID: 32366829 PMCID: PMC7198579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Social behaviours in termites are regulated by sophisticated chemical communication systems. The majority of subterranean termites continuously forage for new wood resources to expand their nesting areas; an aggregation pheromone is presumed to regulate this process. However, the chemical components of this pheromone have never been determined. We identified the chemical properties of the aggregation pheromone that signals nestmate presence and induces arrest in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses and bioassays indicated that R. speratus worker release the pheromone to their nesting site. The pheromone consists of an aromatic compound (2-phenylundecane), cuticular hydrocarbons (pentacosane and heptacosane), fatty acids (palmitic acid and trans-vaccenic acid), and cholesterol; the pheromone induces long-term aggregation at new nesting and feeding sites. Although 2-phenylundecane alone attracted workers, the combination of all six compounds showed greater arrestant activity than 2-phenylundecane alone. This suggests that 2-phenylundecane functions as an attractant, whereas the remaining five components function as arrestants. Our results indicate that foraging worker termites produce a multi-component aggregation pheromone by combining a volatile hydrocarbon and non-volatile lipids with cuticular hydrocarbons. This pheromone enables rapid, long-lasting aggregation of termite workers, which contributes to efficient feeding and colonisation of new wood. Our work furthers the understanding of chemical communication systems underlying social assembly in social insects.
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Mwingira VS, Spitzen J, Mboera LEG, Torres-Estrada JL, Takken W. The Influence of Larval Stage and Density on Oviposition Site-Selection Behavior of the Afrotropical Malaria Mosquito Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:657-666. [PMID: 31630193 PMCID: PMC7197694 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the selection of oviposition sites female mosquitoes use various cues to assess site quality to optimize survival of progeny. The presence of conspecific larvae influences this process. Interactive effects of oviposition site selection were studied in the malaria mosquito Anopheles coluzzii Coetzee & Wilkerson in dual- and no-choice assays, by exposing single gravid mosquitoes to oviposition cups containing 1) larvae of different developmental stages, 2) larvae-conditioned water (LCW), and 3) cups where visual cues of conspecific larvae were absent. Early-stage conspecific larvae had a positive effect on the oviposition response. By contrast, late stages of conspecific larvae had a negative effect. Oviposition choice was dependent on larval density. Moreover, in oviposition cups where larvae were hidden from view, late-stage larvae had a significant negative effect on oviposition suggesting the involvement of olfactory cues. LCW had no effect on oviposition response, indicating involvement of chemicals produced by larvae in vivo. It is concluded that the presence of larvae in a breeding site affects the oviposition response depending on the development stage of the larvae. These responses appear to be mediated by olfactory cues emitted by the larval habitat containing live larvae, resulting in the enhanced reproductive fitness of the females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeroen Spitzen
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania
- Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - José L Torres-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación de Paludismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Gruszka J, Krystkowiak-Kowalska M, Frątczak-Łagiewska K, Mądra-Bielewicz A, Charabidze D, Matuszewski S. Patterns and mechanisms for larval aggregation in carrion beetle Necrodes littoralis (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hatano E, Wada-Katsumata A, Schal C. Environmental decomposition of olefinic cuticular hydrocarbons of Periplaneta americana generates a volatile pheromone that guides social behaviour. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192466. [PMID: 32097587 PMCID: PMC7062030 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Once emitted, semiochemicals are exposed to reactive environmental factors that may alter them, thus disrupting chemical communication. Some species, however, might have adapted to detect environmentally mediated breakdown products of their natural chemicals as semiochemicals. We demonstrate that air, water vapour and ultraviolet (UV) radiation break down unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach), resulting in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In behavioural assays, nymphs strongly avoided aggregating in shelters exposed to the breakdown VOCs from cuticular alkenes. The three treatments (air, water vapour, UV) produced the same VOCs, but at different time-courses and ratios. Fourteen VOCs from UV-exposed CHCs elicited electrophysiological responses in nymph antennae; 10 were identified as 2-nonanone, 1-pentanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, tetradecanal, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. When short-chain fatty acids were tested as a mix and a blend of the alcohols and aldehyde was tested as a second mix, nymphs exhibited no preference for control or treated shelters. However, nymphs avoided shelters that were exposed to VOCs from the complete 10-compound mix. Conditioned shelters (occupied by cockroaches with faeces and CHCs deposited on the shelters), which are normally highly attractive to nymphs, were also avoided after UV exposure, confirming that breakdown products from deposited metabolites, including CHCs, mediate this behaviour. Our results demonstrate that common environmental agents degrade CHCs into behaviourally active volatile compounds that potentially may serve as necromones or epideictic pheromones, mediating group dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hatano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioural Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ayako Wada-Katsumata
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioural Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Behavioural Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Seoane-Scheitermaier E, Dang S, Barry M, Shea JF. Observations on the Occurrence of Knotting Behavior in the Horsehair Worm, Paragordius varius. COMP PARASITOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Seoane-Scheitermaier
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Sydney Dang
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Michael Barry
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - John F. Shea
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
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Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila suzukii. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10120454. [PMID: 31847450 PMCID: PMC6956413 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable pest control requires a systems approach, based on a thorough ecological understanding of an agro-ecosystem. Such fundamental understanding provides a basis for developing strategies to manipulate the pest’s behaviour, distribution, and population dynamics, to be employed for crop protection. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge required for the development of an effective push-pull approach. Push-pull is a strategy to repel a pest from a crop, while attracting it toward an external location. It often relies on infochemicals (e.g., pheromones or allelochemicals) that are relevant in the ecology of the pest insect and can be exploited as lure or repellent. Importantly, responsiveness of insects to infochemicals is dependent on both the insect’s internal physiological state and external environmental conditions. This context-dependency reflects the integration of cues from different sensory modalities, the effect of mating and/or feeding status, as well as diurnal or seasonal rhythms. Furthermore, when the costs of responding to an infochemical outweigh the benefits, resistance can rapidly evolve. Here, we argue that profound knowledge on context-dependence is important for the development and implementation of push-pull approaches. We illustrate this by discussing the relevant fundamental knowledge on the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii as an example.
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Hamilton JA, Wada-Katsumata A, Schal C. Role of Cuticular Hydrocarbons in German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) Aggregation Behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:546-553. [PMID: 31034573 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation can be adaptive by providing protection from predators, facilitating thermoregulation, and expediting the location of food, shelter, and mates. German cockroaches Blattella germanica L. (Blattodea: Ectobiidae), are obligatory commensals in human-built structures, where they aggregate in crevices during the day. The source of the aggregation pheromone that drives this behavior and its chemical identity remain unclear. Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in feces have been proposed to serve as aggregation pheromone, but this function has not been investigated in relation to visual and tactile cues that mediate aggregation. Our objective was to delineate how CHCs in the feces and on the cockroach body operate in conditions that reflect the German cockroach's ecology-either applied to shelters, representing fecal deposition, or to previously extracted cockroaches, representing shelter co-habitation with other cockroaches. Cockroaches and feces-conditioned filter papers were extracted, CHCs were purified by flash chromatography, and two-choice behavior assays were performed with first instar nymphs. Our results confirmed that nymphs preferred to rest within feces-conditioned shelters. However, purified CHCs did not elicit more aggregation than solvent-treated control shelters. Nymphs significantly preferred to rest in shelters that contained a CHC-free dead female, but the addition of CHCs to the female did not enhance aggregation. Nymphs preferred to aggregate with the CHC-free female over CHC-treated shelters. Finally, a methanol extract of feces was highly effective at eliciting aggregation, contesting previous reports that fecal CHCs serve as aggregation pheromone. We assert that CHCs play a minor, if any, role in the aggregation behavior of German cockroaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamora A Hamilton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Ayako Wada-Katsumata
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Zhao T, Ganji S, Schiebe C, Bohman B, Weinstein P, Krokene P, Borg-Karlson AK, Unelius CR. Convergent evolution of semiochemicals across Kingdoms: bark beetles and their fungal symbionts. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1535-1545. [PMID: 30770902 PMCID: PMC6776033 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evolution of semiochemical use in organisms from different Kingdoms is a rarely described phenomenon. Tree-killing bark beetles vector numerous symbiotic blue-stain fungi that help the beetles colonize healthy trees. Here we show for the first time that some of these fungi are able to biosynthesize bicyclic ketals that are pheromones and other semiochemicals of bark beetles. Volatile emissions of five common bark beetle symbionts were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. When grown on fresh Norway spruce bark the fungi emitted three well-known bark beetle aggregation pheromones and semiochemicals (exo-brevicomin, endo-brevicomin and trans-conophthorin) and two structurally related semiochemical candidates (exo-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and endo-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) that elicited electroantennogram responses in the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. When grown on malt agar with 13C d-Glucose, the fungus Grosmannia europhioides incorporated 13C into exo-brevicomin and trans-conophthorin. The enantiomeric compositions of the fungus-produced ketals closely matched those previously reported from bark beetles. The production of structurally complex bark beetle pheromones by symbiotic fungi indicates cross-kingdom convergent evolution of signal use in this system. This signaling is susceptible to disruption, providing potential new targets for pest control in conifer forests and plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 382 91, Kalmar, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden. .,School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Suresh Ganji
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 382 91, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Christian Schiebe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 382 91, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Björn Bohman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 382 91, Kalmar, Sweden.,School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Philip Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paal Krokene
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Rikard Unelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 382 91, Kalmar, Sweden
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Li X, Geng S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li W, Huang J, Lin W, Bei Y, Lu Y. Species-specific aggregation pheromones contribute to coexistence in two closely related thrips species. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:119-126. [PMID: 29781420 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pheromones play an important role in mediating interspecific interactions in insects. In an insect community, pheromones can reveal information about the senders, which could be used by other members of the food web (competitor, natural enemies, etc.) to their own advantage. The aggregation pheromones of two closely related thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa, have been identified with the same major compounds, (R)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, but in different ratios. However, the roles of the aggregation pheromones in the interspecific interactions between these two closely related species are unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of major aggregation pheromone compounds in interspecific interactions between F. occidentalis and F. intonsa for both long and short ranges. The results showed that, at tested doses, neither aggregation pheromone-induced long range cross-attraction nor short range cross-mating was detected between F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. Field-trapping trials showed that the species-specificity in aggregation pheromones was regulated by the ratio of two major compounds. However, species-specific blends of the two major compounds had no effect on short-range interactions between these two species. Our data from the thrips species provide support for the 'aggregation model of coexistence', explaining the species-specific pheromone-mediated coexistence of closely related species. Thus, species-specific pheromones could be one of the factors affecting population dynamics and community structure in closely related insects with similar niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - S Geng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - Z Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - W Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - J Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - W Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - Y Bei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
| | - Y Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control,Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021,China
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Collignon RM, Cale JA, McElfresh JS, Millar JG. Effects of Pheromone Dose and Conspecific Density on the Use of Aggregation-Sex Pheromones by the Longhorn Beetle Phymatodes grandis and Sympatric Species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:217-226. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sanou A, Traoré F, Ba MN, Dabiré-Binso CL, Pittendrigh BR, Sanon A. Effects of Volatiles from Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål. (Hemiptera: Coreidae) Adults on the Host Location Behavior of the Egg Parasitoid Gryon fulviventre (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 11:1179543318825250. [PMID: 30728729 PMCID: PMC6351711 DOI: 10.1177/1179543318825250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The egg parasitoid Gryon fulviventre is a potential biological control agent of Clavigralla tomentosicollis, a coreid pod-sucking pest of Vigna unguiculata. The host location behavior of naive parasitoid females was studied using a four-armed olfactometer. Two strains of G. fulviventre parasitoids from Burkina Faso and Benin were exposed to odors provided by healthy and infested pods as well as C. tomentosicollis females and males. The time spent in each odor zone was recorded to determine the preference of parasitoid females. Results show that odors from healthy pods, infested pods, and pest females did not attract the parasitoid. However, a significantly attractive response of both strains of G. fulviventre was recorded in the presence of volatiles from males of C. tomentosicollis. Moreover, experiments testing G. fulviventre females' behavior when simultaneously exposed to volatiles from cowpea pods (healthy and infested) and increasing numbers of C. tomentosicollis males revealed a significantly higher attraction of parasitoid females of both strains by volatiles from ten males of C. tomentosicollis. The results suggest that the males of the insect pest emit a pheromone used as kairomone by parasitoids to locate their host. The conditions determining this attractiveness at field level and its impact on host-searching efficiency are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Sanou
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UFR/SVT, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Fousséni Traoré
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Malick Niango Ba
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- West and Central Africa Research Program.International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
| | - Clémentine L Dabiré-Binso
- Laboratoire Central d’Entomologie Agricole de Kamboinsé, Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Antoine Sanon
- Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UFR/SVT, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Fleischer J, Krieger J. Insect Pheromone Receptors - Key Elements in Sensing Intraspecific Chemical Signals. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:425. [PMID: 30515079 PMCID: PMC6255830 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheromones are chemicals that serve intraspecific communication. In animals, the ability to detect and discriminate pheromones in a complex chemical environment substantially contributes to the survival of the species. Insects widely use pheromones to attract mating partners, to alarm conspecifics or to mark paths to rich food sources. The various functional roles of pheromones for insects are reflected by the chemical diversity of pheromonal compounds. The precise detection of the relevant intraspecific signals is accomplished by specialized chemosensory neurons housed in hair-like sensilla located on the surface of body appendages. Current data indicate that the extraordinary sensitivity and selectivity of the pheromone-responsive neurons (PRNs) is largely based on specific pheromone receptors (PRs) residing in their ciliary membrane. Besides these key elements, proper ligand-induced responses of PR-expressing neurons appear to generally require a putative co-receptor, the so-called "sensory neuron membrane protein 1" (SNMP1). Regarding the PR-mediated chemo-electrical signal transduction processes in insect PRNs, ionotropic as well as metabotropic mechanisms may be involved. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge on the peripheral detection of pheromones in the olfactory system of insects with a focus on PRs and their specific role in the recognition and transduction of volatile intraspecific chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fleischer
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krieger
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Environmentally vulnerable noble chafers exhibit unusual pheromone-mediated behaviour. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206526. [PMID: 30383860 PMCID: PMC6211686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conserving populations of environmentally vulnerable insect species requires a greater understanding of the factors that determine their abundance and distribution, which requires detailed knowledge of their population and community ecology. Chemical ecological tools such as pheromones can be used for non-destructive monitoring of scarab beetle populations, enabling European countries to detect and, in some cases, map the range of some of these species, proving a valuable technique for monitoring elusive saproxylic beetles. In this paper, we investigated the behavioural and chemical ecology of the noble chafer, Gnorimus nobilis L., a model insect species of conservation concern across a Europe-wide distribution, and a red-listed UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species. We identified a potential pheromone of adult beetles using electrophysiological recordings, behavioural measurements and field trials in the UK. Gnorimus nobilis is highly unusual in that although both sexes produce, at high metabolic cost, the natural product 2-propyl (E)-3-hexenoate, it only attracts males. This pattern of chemical signalling makes the classification of the compound, based on current semiochemical terminology, somewhat problematic, but in our view, it should be termed an aggregation pheromone as a consequence of the production pattern. Since both sexes emit it, but apparently only males respond positively to it, 2-propyl (E)-3-hexenoate may reflect an intermediate evolutionary stage towards developing into a sex-specific signal. From an applied perspective, our study provides a model for the non-invasive surveillance of cryptic vulnerable insect species, without the need for habitat searching or disturbance, and continuous human monitoring.
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Everaerts C, Cazalé-Debat L, Louis A, Pereira E, Farine JP, Cobb M, Ferveur JF. Pre-imaginal conditioning alters adult sex pheromone response in Drosophila. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5585. [PMID: 30280017 PMCID: PMC6164551 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheromones are chemical signals that induce innate responses in individuals of the same species that may vary with physiological and developmental state. In Drosophila melanogaster, the most intensively studied pheromone is 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), which is synthezised in the male ejaculatory bulb and is transferred to the female during copulation. Among other effects, cVA inhibits male courtship of mated females. We found that male courtship inhibition depends on the amount of cVA and this effect is reduced in male flies derived from eggs covered with low to zero levels of cVA. This effect is not observed if the eggs are washed, or if the eggs are laid several days after copulation. This suggests that courtship suppression involves a form of pre-imaginal conditioning, which we show occurs during the early larval stage. The conditioning effect could not be rescued by synthetic cVA, indicating that it largely depends on conditioning by cVA and other maternally-transmitted factor(s). These experiments suggest that one of the primary behavioral effects of cVA is more plastic and less stereotypical than had hitherto been realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Everaerts
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Agrosup-UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurie Cazalé-Debat
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Agrosup-UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alexis Louis
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Agrosup-UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Emilie Pereira
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Agrosup-UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Farine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Agrosup-UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Matthew Cobb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-François Ferveur
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Agrosup-UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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