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Wang Y, Wang Y, Ge Y, Wu Z, Yue X, Li C, Liang X, Ma C, Wang P, Gao L. Tim-4 alleviates acute hepatic injury by modulating homeostasis and function of NKT cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 218:101-110. [PMID: 39036980 PMCID: PMC11404119 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule, which involves in numerous inflammatory diseases. Tim-4 is mainly expressed on antigen-presenting cells. However, increasing evidence has shown that Tim-4 is also expressed on natural killer T (NKT) cells. The role of Tim-4 in maintaining NKT cell homeostasis and function remains unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of Tim-4 on NKT cells in acute liver injury. This study found that Tim-4 expression on hepatic NKT cells was elevated during acute liver injury. Tim-4 deficiency enhanced IFN-γ, TNF-α expression while impaired IL-4 production in NKT cells. Loss of Tim-4 drove NKT-cell effector lineages to be skewed to NKT1 subset. Furthermore, Tim-4 KO mice were more susceptible to α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) challenge. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Tim-4 plays an important role in regulating homeostasis and function of NKT cells in acute liver injury. Therefore, Tim-4 might become a new regulator of NKT cells and a potential target for the therapy of acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yutong Ge
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhuanchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University. Jinan, Shandong 250033, PR China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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Celli S, Watanabe M, Hodes RJ. Tumor suppressor p53 controls thymic NKT17 development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.21.608967. [PMID: 39372758 PMCID: PMC11451625 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.21.608967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 antagonizes tumorigenesis, notably including the suppression of T cell lymphomas while its role on physiological T cell biology including thymic T cell development has not been fully understood. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells develop in the thymus as innate-like αβ-T cells which consist of NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17 subsets. We found that the tumor suppressor p53 regulates specifically thymic NKT17 development. p53 is highly expressed in NKT17 relative to other T cell populations. Loss of p53 in the T cell lineage resulted in increased thymic NKT17 cell number with retention of lineage specific cytokine production, while development of NKT1, NKT2 and conventional T cells was not affected. Of interest, γH2AX expression was higher in NKT17 than NKT1 and NKT2 at steady state, and it was further increased in p53-deficient NKT17, suggesting that NKT17 development involves selectively greater DNA damage or genomic instability and that p53 expression might be in response to these damage signals. Taken together, our results indicated that the tumor suppressor p53 is active in selectively controlling thymic NKT17 development, with absence of p53 leading to an increase in thymic NKT17 cells expressing high levels of DNA damage response.
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Jue H, Dan-fei C, Fang-fang L, Ke-pin Y, Jia-ye X, Hui-ting Z, Xiao-bo X, Jian C. Evaluating the link between immune characteristics and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder through a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367418. [PMID: 38903512 PMCID: PMC11188446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Despite the recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder, its core causes are still ambiguous. The objective of this study was to explore if the traits of circulating immune cells contribute causally to susceptibility to ADHD. Methods By employing a unified GWAS summary data covering 731 immune traits from the GWAS Catalog (accession numbers from GCST0001391 to GCST0002121), our analysis focused on the flow cytometry of lymphocyte clusters, encompassing 3,757 Sardinians, to identify genetically expected immune cells. Furthermore, we obtained summarized GWAS statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium to evaluate the genetic forecasting of ADHD. The studies employed ADHD2019 (20,183 cases and 35,191 controls from the 2019 GWAS ADHD dataset) and ADHD2022 (38,691 cases and 275,986 controls from the 2022 GWAS ADHD dataset). Through the examination of genome-wide association signals, we identified shared genetic variances between circulating immune cells and ADHD, employing the comprehensive ADHD2022 dataset. We primarily utilized inverse variance weighted (IVW) and weighted median methods in our Mendelian randomization research and sensitivity assessments to evaluate diversity and pleiotropy. Results After adjusting for false discovery rate (FDR), three distinct immunophenotypes were identified as associated with the risk of ADHD: CD33 in Im MDSC (OR=1.03, CI: 1.01~1.04, P=3.04×10-5, PFDR =0.015), CD8br NKT %T cell (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.04~1.12, P=9.33×10-5, PFDR =0.023), and CD8br NKT %lymphocyte (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.03~1.12, P=3.59×10-4, PFDR =0.066). Furthermore, ADHD showed no statistical effects on immunophenotypes. It's worth noting that 20 phenotypes exist where ADHD's appearance could diminish 85% of immune cells, including FSC-A in myeloid DC (β= -0.278, 95% CI: 0.616~0.931, P=0.008), CD3 in CD45RA- CD4+ (β= -0.233, 95% CI: 0.654~0.960, P=0.017), CD62L- monocyte AC (β=0.227, 95% CI: 0.038~1.518, P=0.019), CD33 in CD33br HLA DR+ CD14dim (β= -0.331, 95% CI: 0.543~0.950, P=0.020), and CD25 in CD39+ resting Treg (β=0.226, 95% CI: 1.522, P=0.022), and FSC-A in monocytes (β= -0.255, 95% CI: 0.621~0.967, P=0.234), among others. Conclusion Studies indicate that the immune system's response influences the emergence of ADHD. The findings greatly improve our understanding of the interplay between immune responses and ADHD risk, aiding in the development of treatment strategies from an immunological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jue
- First Clinical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Dan-fei
- First Clinical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Fang-fang
- First Clinical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ke-pin
- First Clinical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Jia-ye
- First Clinical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Hui-ting
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Xiao-bo
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Jian
- First Clinical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Xu X, Zhang J, Xing H, Han L, Li X, Wu P, Tang J, Jing L, Luo J, Luo J, Liu L. Identification of metabolism-related key genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9040. [PMID: 38641637 PMCID: PMC11031595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired autoimmune disease, is characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction. A biomarker is a biological entity that contributes to disease pathogenesis and reflects disease activity. Metabolic alterations are reported to be associated with the occurrence of various diseases. As metabolic biomarkers for ITP have not been identified. This study aimed to identify metabolism-related differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of ITP using bioinformatic analyses.The microarray expression data of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE112278 download link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE112278 ). Key module genes were intersected with metabolism-related genes to obtain the metabolism-related key candidate genes. The hub genes were screened based on the degree function in the coytoscape sofware. The key ITP-related genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm to evaluate the differential infiltration levels of immune cell types between ITP patient and control. Molecular subtypes were identified based on the expression of hub genes. The expression of hub genes in the ITP patients was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. This study identified five hub genes (ADH4, CYP7A1, CYP1A2, CYP8B1, and NR1H4), which were be associated with the pathogenesis of ITP, and two molecular subtypes of ITP. Among these hub genes, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 involved in cholesterol metabolism,were further verified in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengqiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jirui Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Gutiérrez-Vera C, García-Betancourt R, Palacios PA, Müller M, Montero DA, Verdugo C, Ortiz F, Simon F, Kalergis AM, González PA, Saavedra-Avila NA, Porcelli SA, Carreño LJ. Natural killer T cells in allergic asthma: implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutical strategies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1364774. [PMID: 38629075 PMCID: PMC11018981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1364774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma has emerged as a prevalent allergic disease worldwide, affecting most prominently both young individuals and lower-income populations in developing and developed countries. To devise effective and curative immunotherapy, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate nature of this condition, characterized by an immune response imbalance that favors a proinflammatory profile orchestrated by diverse subsets of immune cells. Although the involvement of Natural Killer T (NKT) cells in asthma pathology is frequently implied, their specific contributions to disease onset and progression remain incompletely understood. Given their remarkable ability to modulate the immune response through the rapid secretion of various cytokines, NKT cells represent a promising target for the development of effective immunotherapy against allergic asthma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of NKT cells in the context of allergic asthma, along with novel therapeutic approaches that leverage the functional response of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard García-Betancourt
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marioly Müller
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A. Montero
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Verdugo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi A. Saavedra-Avila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Liu S, Wang W, Hu S, Jia B, Tuo B, Sun H, Wang Q, Liu Y, Sun Z. Radiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment for enhancing immunotherapeutic sensitivity. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:679. [PMID: 37833255 PMCID: PMC10575861 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has transformed traditional treatments, with immune checkpoint blockade being particularly prominent. However, immunotherapy has minimal benefit for patients in most types of cancer and is largely ineffective in some cancers (such as pancreatic cancer and glioma). A synergistic anti-tumor response may be produced through the combined application with traditional tumor treatment methods. Radiotherapy (RT) not only kills tumor cells but also triggers the pro-inflammatory molecules' release and immune cell infiltration, which remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, the combination of RT and immunotherapy is expected to achieve improved efficacy. In this review, we summarize the effects of RT on cellular components of the TME, including T cell receptor repertoires, different T cell subsets, metabolism, tumor-associated macrophages and other myeloid cells (dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils and eosinophils). Meanwhile, non-cellular components such as lactate and extracellular vesicles are also elaborated. In addition, we discuss the impact of different RT modalities on tumor immunity and issues related to the clinical practice of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenkang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shengyun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Baojing Tuo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Kumar V, Hertz M, Agro A, Byrne AJ. Type 1 invariant natural killer T cells in chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260503. [PMID: 37818376 PMCID: PMC10561218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic tissue inflammation often results in fibrosis characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix components remodeling normal tissue architecture and function. Recent studies have suggested common immune mechanisms despite the complexity of the interactions between tissue-specific fibroblasts, macrophages, and distinct immune cell populations that mediate fibrosis in various tissues. Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognizing lipid antigens bound to CD1d molecules have been shown to play an important role in chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Here we review recent data in both experimental models and in humans that suggest a key role of type 1 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell activation in the progression of inflammatory cascades leading to recruitment of neutrophils and activation of the inflammasome, macrophages, fibroblasts, and, ultimately, fibrosis. Emerging evidence suggests that iNKT-associated mechanisms contribute to type 1, type 2 and type 3 immune pathways mediating tissue fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Thus, targeting a pathway upstream of these immune mechanisms, such as the inhibition of iNKT activation, may be important in modulating various fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- GRI Bio, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Adam J. Byrne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Lutshumba J, Wilcock DM, Monson NL, Stowe AM. Sex-based differences in effector cells of the adaptive immune system during Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106202. [PMID: 37330146 PMCID: PMC10481581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) present with many challenges due to the heterogeneity of the related disease(s), making it difficult to develop effective treatments. Additionally, the progression of ADRD-related pathologies presents differently between men and women. With two-thirds of the population affected with ADRD being women, ADRD has presented itself with a bias toward the female population. However, studies of ADRD generally do not incorporate sex-based differences in investigating the development and progression of the disease, which is detrimental to understanding and treating dementia. Additionally, recent implications for the adaptive immune system in the development of ADRD bring in new factors to be considered as part of the disease, including sex-based differences in immune response(s) during ADRD development. Here, we review the sex-based differences of pathological hallmarks of ADRD presentation and progression, sex-based differences in the adaptive immune system and how it changes with ADRD, and the importance of precision medicine in the development of a more targeted and personalized treatment for this devastating and prevalent neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
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9
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Tsuji M, Nair MS, Masuda K, Castagna C, Chong Z, Darling TL, Seehra K, Hwang Y, Ribeiro ÁL, Ferreira GM, Corredor L, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Tsuji Y, Mori M, Boon ACM, Diamond MS, Huang Y, Ho DD. An immunostimulatory glycolipid that blocks SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza infections in vivo. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3959. [PMID: 37402814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have lowered the incidence of severe COVID-19, but emergence of viral variants that are antigenically distinct from the vaccine strains are of concern and additional, broadly acting preventive approaches are desirable. Here, we report on a glycolipid termed 7DW8-5 that exploits the host innate immune system to enable rapid control of viral infections in vivo. This glycolipid binds to CD1d on antigen-presenting cells and thereby stimulates NKT cells to release a cascade of cytokines and chemokines. The intranasal administration of 7DW8-5 prior to virus exposure significantly blocked infection by three different authentic variants of SARS-CoV-2, as well as by respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus, in mice or hamsters. We also found that this protective antiviral effect is both host-directed and mechanism-specific, requiring both the CD1d molecule and interferon-[Formula: see text]. A chemical compound like 7DW8-5 that is easy to administer and cheap to manufacture may be useful not only in slowing the spread of COVID-19 but also in responding to future pandemics long before vaccines or drugs are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kazuya Masuda
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Candace Castagna
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhenlu Chong
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kuljeet Seehra
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Youngmin Hwang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ágata Lopes Ribeiro
- Basic and Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geovane Marques Ferreira
- Basic and Applied Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laura Corredor
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Yukiko Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Liman N, Park JH. Markers and makers of NKT17 cells. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1090-1098. [PMID: 37258582 PMCID: PMC10317953 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are thymus-generated innate-like αβ T cells that undergo terminal differentiation in the thymus. Such a developmental pathway differs from that of conventional αβ T cells, which are generated in the thymus but complete their functional maturation in peripheral tissues. Multiple subsets of iNKT cells have been described, among which IL-17-producing iNKT cells are commonly referred to as NKT17 cells. IL-17 is considered a proinflammatory cytokine that can play both protective and pathogenic roles and has been implicated as a key regulatory factor in many disease settings. Akin to other iNKT subsets, NKT17 cells acquire their effector function during thymic development. However, the cellular mechanisms that drive NKT17 subset specification, and how iNKT cells in general acquire their effector function prior to antigen encounter, remain largely unknown. Considering that all iNKT cells express the canonical Vα14-Jα18 TCRα chain and all iNKT subsets display the same ligand specificity, i.e., glycolipid antigens in the context of the nonclassical MHC-I molecule CD1d, the conundrum is explaining how thymic NKT17 cell specification is determined. Mapping of the molecular circuitry of NKT17 cell differentiation, combined with the discovery of markers that identify NKT17 cells, has provided new insights into the developmental pathway of NKT17 cells. The current review aims to highlight recent advances in our understanding of thymic NKT17 cell development and to place these findings in the larger context of iNKT subset specification and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcin Liman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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11
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Robin A, Mackowiak C, Bost R, Dujardin F, Barbarin A, Thierry A, Hauet T, Pellerin L, Gombert JM, Salamé E, Herbelin A, Barbier L. Early activation and recruitment of invariant natural killer T cells during liver ischemia-reperfusion: the major role of the alarmin interleukin-33. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099529. [PMID: 37228593 PMCID: PMC10203422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past thirty years, the complexity of the αβ-T cell compartment has been enriched by the identification of innate-like T cells (ITCs), which are composed mainly of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Based on animal studies using ischemia-reperfusion (IR) models, a key role has been attributed to iNKT cells in close connection with the alarmin/cytokine interleukin (IL)-33, as early sensors of cell-stress in the initiation of acute sterile inflammation. Here we have investigated whether the new concept of a biological axis of circulating iNKT cells and IL-33 applies to humans, and may be extended to other ITC subsets, namely MAIT and γδ-T cells, in the acute sterile inflammation sequence occurring during liver transplant (LT). From a prospective biological collection of recipients, we reported that LT was accompanied by an early and preferential activation of iNKT cells, as attested by almost 40% of cells having acquired the expression of CD69 at the end of LT (i.e. 1-3 hours after portal reperfusion), as opposed to only 3-4% of conventional T cells. Early activation of iNKT cells was positively correlated with the systemic release of the alarmin IL-33 at graft reperfusion. Moreover, in a mouse model of hepatic IR, iNKT cells were activated in the periphery (spleen), and recruited in the liver in WT mice, as early as the first hour after reperfusion, whereas this phenomenon was virtually missing in IL-33-deficient mice. Although to a lesser degree than iNKT cells, MAIT and γδ-T cells also seemed targeted during LT, as attested by 30% and 10% of them acquiring CD69 expression, respectively. Like iNKT cells, and in clear contrast to γδ-T cells, activation of MAIT cells during LT was closely associated with both release of IL-33 immediately after graft reperfusion and severity of liver dysfunction occurring during the first three post-operative days. All in all, this study identifies iNKT and MAIT cells in connection with IL-33 as new key cellular factors and mechanisms of acute sterile inflammation in humans. Further investigations are required to confirm the implication of MAIT and iNKT cell subsets, and to precisely assess their functions, in the clinical course of sterile inflammation accompanying LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Robin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Claire Mackowiak
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Romain Bost
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Fanny Dujardin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Trousseau, Pathology, Tours, France
| | - Alice Barbarin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Antoine Thierry
- Université de Poitiers, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Nephrology, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Université de Poitiers, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Biochemistry, Poitiers, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Université de Poitiers, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Biochemistry, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- Université de Poitiers, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Poitiers, Immunology, Poitiers, France
| | - Ephrem Salamé
- Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Trousseau, Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Tours, France
| | - André Herbelin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Louise Barbier
- Université de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Trousseau, Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ischemie Reperfusion Métabolisme et Inflammation Stérile en Transplantation (IRMETIST), Tours, France
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12
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Qin Y, Bao X, Zheng M. CD8 + T-cell immunity orchestrated by iNKT cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1109347. [PMID: 36741397 PMCID: PMC9889858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells belonging to the adaptive immune system play key roles in defending against viral infections and cancers. The current CD8+ T cell-based immunotherapy has emerged as a superior therapeutic avenue for the eradication of tumor cells and long-term prevention of their recurrence in hematologic malignancies. It is believed that an effective adaptive immune response critically relies on the help of the innate compartment. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that have been considered some of the first cells to respond to infections and can secrete a large amount of diverse cytokines and chemokines to widely modulate the innate and adaptive immune responders. Like CD8+ T cells, iNKT cells also play an important role in defense against intracellular pathogenic infections and cancers. In this review, we will discuss the CD8+ T-cell immunity contributed by iNKT cells, including iNKT cell-mediated cross-priming and memory formation, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation, as well as aging-induced impairment of T-cell immunity.
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13
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Shimamura M, Kamijo SI, Illarionov P. C-type lectin Mincle-dependent and -independent activation of invariant NKT cells by exposure to Helicobacter pylori α-cholesteryl glucosides. FEBS J 2023; 290:134-147. [PMID: 35920835 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori extracts cholesterol from the host and converts it to its glycosides. We found that cholesteryl 6'-O-acyl α-glucoside (ChAcαG) produced by H. pylori is recognised by both invariant Vα14+ NKT (iNKT) cells and a C-type lectin receptor Mincle (Clec4e). However, it is unclear how these duplicated recognitions cooperate and contribute to host defence against H. pylori. Among T cell populations in the liver, iNKT cells predominantly expressed the T cell activation marker CD69 just after stimulation with ChAcαG. The production of IFN-γ and IL-4 was strictly dependent on both CD1d and Jα18 expressions, indicating the necessity of iNKT cell activation for the initiation of immune responses. Production of IFN-γ by iNKT cells was markedly reduced by the Mincle deficiency on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), while IL-4 production was not significantly influenced. IL-2 production by iNKT cell hybridomas was also diminished by the Mincle deficiency upon stimulation with APCs previously loaded with ChAcαG. Here, the immune responses of iNKT cell hybridomas stimulated with wild-type APCs were reduced by the addition of anti-IL-12 blocking antibody to the level stimulated with Mincle-deficient APCs. Collectively, these results suggest that iNKT cells can be activated with the cholesteryl glycosides via a Mincle-dependent, IL-12 signal-dependent pathway and a Mincle-independent, invariant TCR signal-dominant pathway. iNKT cells activated via the Mincle-dependent pathway produce IFN-γ-dominant cytokines; hence, they may contribute to enhancing proinflammatory responses against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimamura
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan.,Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kamijo
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,LifeWill Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Antigen-presenting T cells provide critical B7 co-stimulation for thymic iNKT cell development via CD28-dependent trogocytosis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111731. [PMID: 36450247 PMCID: PMC9805342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell development in the thymus depends on T cell receptor recognition of CD1d ligand on CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes. We previously reported that B7-CD28 co-stimulation is required for thymic iNKT cell development, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this co-stimulatory requirement are not understood. Here we report that CD28 expression on CD1d-expressing antigen-presenting T cells is required for thymic iNKT cell development. Mechanistically, antigen-presenting T cells provide co-stimulation through an unconventional mechanism, acquiring B7 molecules via CD28-dependent trogocytosis from B7-expressing thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and B cells and providing critical B7 co-stimulation to developing iNKT cells. Thus, the present study demonstrates a mechanism of B7 co-stimulation in thymic T cell development by antigen-presenting T cells.
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15
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Shojaei Z, Jafarpour R, Mehdizadeh S, Bayatipoor H, Pashangzadeh S, Motallebnezhad M. Functional prominence of natural killer cells and natural killer T cells in pregnancy and infertility: A comprehensive review and update. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154062. [PMID: 35987030 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, complicated connections are formed between a mother and a fetus. In a successful pregnancy, the maternal-fetal interface is affected by dynamic changes, and the fetus is protected against the mother's immune system. Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the immune system cells in the female reproductive system that play an essential role in the physiology of pregnancy. NK cells not only exist in peripheral blood (PB) but also can exist in the decidua. Studies have suggested multiple roles for these cells, including decidualization, control of trophoblast growth and invasion, embryo acceptance and maintenance by the mother, and facilitation of placental development during pregnancy. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are another group of NK cells that play a crucial role in the maintenance of pregnancy and regulation of the immune system during pregnancy. Studies show that NK and NKT cells are not only effective in maintaining pregnancy but also can be involved in infertility-related diseases. This review focuses on NK and NKT cells biology and provides a detailed description of the functions of these cells in implantation, placentation, and immune tolerance during pregnancy and their role in pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shojaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Jafarpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Mehdizadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Bayatipoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Pashangzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Guslund NC, Krabberød AK, Nørstebø SF, Solbakken MH, Jakobsen KS, Johansen FE, Qiao SW. Lymphocyte subsets in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) interrogated by single-cell sequencing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:689. [PMID: 35821077 PMCID: PMC9276791 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) has lost the major histocompatibility complex class II presentation pathway. We recently identified CD8-positive T cells, B cells, and plasma cells in cod, but further characterisation of lymphocyte subsets is needed to elucidate immune adaptations triggered by the absence of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the lymphocyte heterogeneity in Atlantic cod spleen. We describe five T cell subsets and eight B cell subsets and propose a B cell trajectory of differentiation. Notably, we identify a subpopulation of T cells that are CD8-negative. Most of the CD8-negative T lymphocytes highly express the homologue of monocyte chemotactic protein 1b, and another subset of CD8-negative T lymphocytes express the homologue of the scavenger receptor m130. Uncovering the multiple lymphocyte cell sub-clusters reveals the different immune states present within the B and T cell populations, building a foundation for further work. Single-cell sequencing of naïve and vaccinated Atlantic Cod uncovers multiple B and T lymphocyte subsets including a subset of T lymphocytes expressing neither CD4 or CD8 and reveals different immune states present within B and T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Croft Guslund
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders K Krabberød
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simen F Nørstebø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Monica Hongrø Solbakken
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetill S Jakobsen
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Romanò C, Clausen MH. Chemical Biology of αGalCer: a Chemist’s Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Chemisty Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry Kemitorvet, Building 201 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
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18
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Krovi SH, Loh L, Spengler A, Brunetti T, Gapin L. Current insights in mouse iNKT and MAIT cell development using single cell transcriptomics data. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101658. [PMID: 36182863 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Innate T (Tinn) cells are a collection of T cells with important regulatory functions that have a crucial role in immunity towards tumors, bacteria, viruses, and in cell-mediated autoimmunity. In mice, the two main αβ Tinn cell subsets include the invariant NKT (iNKT) cells that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by non-polymorphic CD1d molecules and the mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that recognize vitamin B metabolites presented by the non-polymorphic MR1 molecules. Due to their ability to promptly secrete large quantities of cytokines either after T cell antigen receptor (TCR) activation or upon exposure to tissue- and antigen-presenting cell-derived cytokines, Tinn cells are thought to act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems and have the ability to shape the overall immune response. Their swift response reflects the early acquisition of helper effector programs during their development in the thymus, independently of pathogen exposure and prior to taking up residence in peripheral tissues. Several studies recently profiled, in an unbiased manner, the transcriptomes of mouse thymic iNKT and MAIT cells at the single cell level. Based on these data, we re-examine in this review how Tinn cells develop in the mouse thymus and undergo effector differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liyen Loh
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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19
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Comprehensive Analysis of the ILCs and Unconventional T Cells in Virus Infection: Profiling and Dynamics Associated with COVID-19 Disease for a Future Monitoring System and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030542. [PMID: 35159352 PMCID: PMC8834012 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a comprehensive analysis of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). COVID-19 affected patients show dysregulation of their adaptive immune systems, but many questions remain unsolved on the behavior of Unconventional cells and ILCs during infection, considering their role in maintaining homeostasis in tissue. Therefore, we highlight the differences that exist among the studies in cohorts of patients who in general were categorized considering symptoms and hospitalization. Moreover, we make a critical analysis of the presence of particular clusters of cells that express activation and exhausted markers for each group in order to bring out potential diagnostic factors unconsidered before now. We also focus our attention on studies that take into consideration recovered patients. Indeed, it could be useful to determine Unconventional T cells’ and ILCs’ frequencies and functions in longitudinal studies because it could represent a way to monitor the immune status of SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Possible changes in cell frequencies or activation profiles could be potentially useful as prognostic biomarkers and for future therapy. Currently, there are no efficacious therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but deep studies on involvement of Unconventional T cells and ILCs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 could be promising for targeted therapies.
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20
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a complex array of cancers that affect the digestive system. This includes liver, pancreatic, colon, rectal, anal, gastric, esophageal, intestinal and gallbladder cancer. Patients diagnosed with certain GI cancers typically have low survival rates, so new therapeutic approaches are needed. A potential approach is to harness the potent immunoregulatory properties of natural killer T (NKT) cells which are true T cells, not natural killer (NK) cells, that recognize lipid instead of peptide antigens presented by the non-classical major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule CD1d. The NKT cell subpopulation is known to play a vital role in tumor immunity by bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. In GI cancers, NKT cells can contribute to either antitumor or protumor immunity depending on the cytokine profile expressed and type of cancer. This review discusses the complexities of the role of NKT cells in liver, colon, pancreatic and gastric cancers with an emphasis on type I NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Burks
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,CONTACT Julian Burks National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Building 41/Room D702, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, Maryland20892, USA
| | - Purevdorj B. Olkhanud
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Identification of Rare Thymic NKT Cell Precursors by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34524665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1775-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Mouse invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes which have been shown to play a significant role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Features of innate responses are attributed to these cells because they can be stimulated simultaneously with the same ligand to produce quickly and in large amount cytokines without prior immunization. Because these characteristics could be exploited for clinical applications, NKT cells have attracted considerable interest. Many studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms through which they are selected and differentiate. These studies are based on developmental models that serve as a scaffold to understand the specific roles played by various factors and to identify checkpoints during cellular development. Analysis of NKT cell precursors at the HSAhigh stage, stage 0, can reveal potential selection defects, whereas analysis of NKT cells at the HSAlow stage can shed light on defects in the maturation/differentiation of the different NKT cell subsets (NKT1, 2, and 17). Unlike HSAlow NKT cell subsets, HSAhigh NKT cell precursors are not accurately identified by flow cytometry because of their extreme rarity. Here, we describe an NKT cell enrichment strategy to identify unambiguously NKT cell precursors at the HSAhigh stage that can be used to assess their distribution and characteristics by multicolor flow cytometry.
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22
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Klibi J, Joseph C, Delord M, Teissandier A, Lucas B, Chomienne C, Toubert A, Bourc'his D, Guidez F, Benlagha K. PLZF Acetylation Levels Regulate NKT Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:809-823. [PMID: 34282003 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is encoded by the BTB domain-containing 16 (Zbtb16) gene. Its repressor function regulates specific transcriptional programs. During the development of invariant NKT cells, PLZF is expressed and directs their effector program, but the detailed mechanisms underlying PLZF regulation of multistage NKT cell developmental program are not well understood. This study investigated the role of acetylation-induced PLZF activation on NKT cell development by analyzing mice expressing a mutant form of PLZF mimicking constitutive acetylation (PLZFON) mice. NKT populations in PLZFON mice were reduced in proportion and numbers of cells, and the cells present were blocked at the transition from developmental stage 1 to stage 2. NKT cell subset differentiation was also altered, with T-bet+ NKT1 and RORγt+ NKT17 subsets dramatically reduced and the emergence of a T-bet-RORγt- NKT cell subset with features of cells in early developmental stages rather than mature NKT2 cells. Preliminary analysis of DNA methylation patterns suggested that activated PLZF acts on the DNA methylation signature to regulate NKT cells' entry into the early stages of development while repressing maturation. In wild-type NKT cells, deacetylation of PLZF is possible, allowing subsequent NKT cell differentiation. Interestingly, development of other innate lymphoid and myeloid cells that are dependent on PLZF for their generation is not altered in PLZFON mice, highlighting lineage-specific regulation. Overall, we propose that specific epigenetic control of PLZF through acetylation levels is required to regulate normal NKT cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France;
| | - Claudine Joseph
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Teissandier
- Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; and
| | - Christine Chomienne
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, UMRS 1131, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Deborah Bourc'his
- Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, UMRS 1131, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France;
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23
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Liu X, Li L, Si F, Huang L, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Hoft DF, Peng G. NK and NKT cells have distinct properties and functions in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4521-4537. [PMID: 34120141 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells are two important cell subsets of the innate immune system. NK and NKT cells share many phenotypes and functions for anti-tumor immunity; however, the dynamic changes in phenotypes and functional interactions within the tumor microenvironment during tumor development and progression are unknown. Here we report that NK and NKT cells have distinct properties, metabolic profiles, and functions during tumor development. Using the mouse E0771 breast cancer and B16 melanoma models, we found that both NK and NKT cells are dynamically involved in the immune responses to cancer but have distinct distributions and phenotypic profiles in tumor sites and other peripheral organs during the course of tumor development and progression. In the early stages of tumor development, both NK and NKT cells exhibit effector properties. In the later cancer stages, NK and NKT cells have impaired cytotoxic capacities and dysfunctional states. NK cells become senescent cells, while NKT cells, other than invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, are exhausted in the advanced cancers. In contrast, iNKT cells develop increases in activation and effector function within the breast tumor microenvironment. In addition, senescent NK cells have heightened glucose and lipid metabolism, but exhausted NKT cells display unbalanced metabolism in tumor microenvironments of both breast cancer and melanoma tumor models. These studies provide a better understanding of the dynamic and distinct functional roles of NK and NKT cells in anti-tumor immunity, which may facilitate the development of novel immunotherapies targeting NK and NKT cells for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lingyun Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fusheng Si
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yangjing Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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24
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Lin C, Zhang H, Chen L, Fang Y, Chen J. Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:620-629. [PMID: 34183994 PMCID: PMC8218551 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides (DESP) affect the immunity in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The healthy female Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups, including a normal control (NC) group, a positive control group, a model control (MC) group, and three groups treated with low-, intermediate-, and high-dose polysaccharide, respectively. A series of immunoregulatory properties were determined, including humoral and cellular immunity, immune function, and immune factors of mononuclear macrophages. Compared with NC and MC groups, treatment with DESP significantly increased the spleen index and decreased the thymus index; increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, hemolysin, IL-1β, and IL-2; delayed the allergic reaction; and improved the splenic lymphocyte transformation ability; and enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophages and the ability to secrete IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-1, and NO with DESP supplementation. These results indicated that DESP might have a good regulatory effect on CTX-induced immunodeficiency in mice, adjust the body’s immune imbalance, and improve the symptoms of low immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqiang Lin
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjun Chen
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fang
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichen Chen
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, The Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fuzhou 350013, People's Republic of China
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25
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are involved in various autoimmune diseases. Although iNKT cells are arthritogenic, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-treated tolerogenic peritoneal macrophages (Tol-pMφ) from wild-type (WT) mice are more tolerogenic than those from CD1d knock-out iNKT cell-deficient mice in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The underlying mechanism by which pMφ can act as tolerogenic antigen presenting cells (APCs) is currently unclear. To determine cellular mechanisms underlying CD1d-dependent tolerogenicity of pMφ, in vitro and in vivo characteristics of pMφ were investigated. Unlike dendritic cells or splenic Mφ, pMφ from CD1d+/− mice showed lower expression levels of costimulatory molecule CD86 and produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation compared to pMφ from CD1d-deficient mice. In a CIA model of CD1d-deficient mice, adoptively transferred pMφ from WT mice reduced the severity of arthritis. However, pMφ from CD1d-deficient mice were unable to reduce the severity of arthritis. Hence, the tolerogenicity of pMφ is a cell-intrinsic property that is probably confer-red by iNKT cells during pMφ development rather than by interactions of pMφ with iNKT cells during antigen presentation to cognate T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathihah Basri
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sundo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu 11644, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Se-Ho Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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26
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Structure, metabolism and biological functions of steryl glycosides in mammals. Biochem J 2021; 477:4243-4261. [PMID: 33186452 PMCID: PMC7666875 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Steryl glycosides (SGs) are sterols glycosylated at their 3β-hydroxy group. They are widely distributed in plants, algae, and fungi, but are relatively rare in bacteria and animals. Glycosylation of sterols, resulting in important components of the cell membrane SGs, alters their biophysical properties and confers resistance against stress by freezing or heat shock to cells. Besides, many biological functions in animals have been suggested from the observations of SG administration. Recently, cholesteryl glucosides synthesized via the transglycosidation by glucocerebrosidases (GBAs) were found in the central nervous system of animals. Identification of patients with congenital mutations in GBA genes or availability of respective animal models will enable investigation of the function of such endogenously synthesized cholesteryl glycosides by genetic approaches. In addition, mechanisms of the host immune responses against pathogenic bacterial SGs have partially been resolved. This review is focused on the biological functions of SGs in mammals taking into consideration their therapeutic applications in the future.
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27
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Liao YM, Hung TH, Tung JK, Yu J, Hsu YL, Hung JT, Yu AL. Low Expression of IL-15 and NKT in Tumor Microenvironment Predicts Poor Outcome of MYCN-Non-Amplified Neuroblastoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020122. [PMID: 33668573 PMCID: PMC7918138 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune tumor microenvironment (TME) in neuroblastoma (NBL) contributes to tumor behavior and treatment response. T cells and natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to play important roles in the neuroblastoma TME. However, few reports address the clinical relevance of natural killer T cells (NKTs) and interleukin-15 (IL-15), one of the crucial cytokines controlling the activation and expansion of NK/NKT cells, in NBL. In this study, we examined NKT immunoscores and IL-15 expression in both MYCN-amplified and MYCN-non-amplified NBL to correlate with clinical outcomes such as event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). From Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE45480 (n = 643) and GSE49711 (n = 493), we found that NKT immunoscore and IL-15 expression were both significantly lower in MYCN-amplified NBL, and similar results were observed using our clinical NBL samples (n = 53). Moreover, NBL patients (GEO dataset GSE49711 and our clinical samples) with both lower NKT immunoscore and IL-15 expression exhibited decreased EFS and OS regardless of MYCN gene amplification status. Multivariate analysis further showed that the combination of low NKT immunoscore and low IL-15 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for poor EFS and OS in our NBL patients. These findings provide the rationale for the development of strategy to incorporate IL-15 and NKT cell therapy into the treatment regimen for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Liao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Program in Translational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - John K. Tung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.-T.H.); (A.L.Y.); Tel.: +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7813) (J.-T.H.); +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7805) (A.L.Y.); Fax: +886-3328-1200 (A.L.Y. & J.-T.H.)
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-M.L.); (T.-H.H.); (J.K.T.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-T.H.); (A.L.Y.); Tel.: +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7813) (J.-T.H.); +886-3328-1200 (ext. 7805) (A.L.Y.); Fax: +886-3328-1200 (A.L.Y. & J.-T.H.)
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28
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Collin R, Lombard-Vadnais F, Hillhouse EE, Lebel MÈ, Chabot-Roy G, Melichar HJ, Lesage S. MHC-Independent Thymic Selection of CD4 and CD8 Coreceptor Negative αβ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:133-142. [PMID: 32434937 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that unconventional T cell subsets, such as NKT, γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T, and CD8αα T cells, each play distinct roles in the immune response. Subsets of these cell types can lack both CD4 and CD8 coreceptor expression. Beyond these known subsets, we identify CD4-CD8-TCRαβ+, double-negative (DN) T cells, in mouse secondary lymphoid organs. DN T cells are a unique unconventional thymic-derived T cell subset. In contrast to CD5high DN thymocytes that preferentially yield TCRαβ+ CD8αα intestinal lymphocytes, we find that mature CD5low DN thymocytes are precursors to peripheral DN T cells. Using reporter mouse strains, we show that DN T cells transit through the immature CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) thymocyte stage. Moreover, we provide evidence that DN T cells can differentiate in MHC-deficient mice. Our study demonstrates that MHC-independent thymic selection can yield DN T cells that are distinct from NKT, γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T, and CD8αα T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; and
| | - Erin E Hillhouse
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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29
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Klibi J, Benlagha K. Cortical Thymocytes Along With Their Selecting Ligands Are Required for the Further Thymic Maturation of NKT Cells in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:815. [PMID: 32457751 PMCID: PMC7221135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following positive selection, NKT cell precursors enter an “NK-like” program and progress from an NK– to an NK+ maturational stage to give rise to NKT1 cells. Maturation takes place in the thymus or after emigration of NK– NKT cells to the periphery. In this study, we followed the fate of injected NKT cells at the NK– stage of their development in the thymus of a series of mice with differential CD1d expression. Our results indicate that CD1d-expressing cortical thymocytes, and not epithelial cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells, are necessary and sufficient to promote the maturation of thymic NKT1 cells. Migration out of the thymus of NK– NKT cells occurred in the absence of CD1d expression, however, CD1d expression is required for maturation in peripheral organs. We also found that the natural ligand Isoglobotriosylceramide (iGb3), and the cysteine protease Cathepsin L, both localizing with CD1d in the endosomal compartment and crucial for NKT cell positive selection, are also required for NK– to NK+ NKT cell transition. Overall, our study indicates that the maturational transition of NKT cells require continuous TCR/CD1d interactions and suggest that these interactions occur in the thymic cortex where DP cortical thymocytes are located. We thus concluded that key components necessary for positive selection of NKT cells are also required for subsequent maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- Université de Paris Diderot, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Inserm U1160, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris Diderot, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis (IRSL), Inserm U1160, Paris, France
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30
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Kusaka H, Kita S, Tadokoro T, Yoshida K, Kasai Y, Niiyama H, Fujimoto Y, Hanashima S, Murata M, Sugiyama S, Ose T, Kuroki K, Maenaka K. Efficient preparation of human and mouse CD1d proteins using silkworm baculovirus expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 172:105631. [PMID: 32213313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CD1d is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like glycoprotein and binds to glycolipid antigens that are recognized by natural killer T (NKT) cells. To date, our understanding of the structural basis for glycolipid binding and receptor recognition of CD1d is still limited. Here, we established a preparation method for the ectodomain of human and mouse CD1d using a silkworm-baculovirus expression system. The co-expression of human and mouse CD1d and β2-microglobulin (β2m) in the silkworm-baculovirus system was successful, but the yield of human CD1d was low. A construct of human CD1d fused with β2m via a flexible GS linker as a single polypeptide was prepared to improve protein yield. The production of this single-chained complex was higher (50 μg/larva) than that of the co-expression complex. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the linker made the CD1d complex more stable and homogenous. These results suggest that the silkworm-baculovirus expression system is useful for structural and biophysical studies of CD1d in several aspects including low cost, easy handling, biohazard-free, rapid, and high yielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kusaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Tadokoro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kouki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kasai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Harumi Niiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Faculty of Science & Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan; Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan; Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kuroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan; Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
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31
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Klibi J, Amable L, Benlagha K. A focus on natural killer T-cell subset characterization and developmental stages. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:358-368. [PMID: 32187747 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Almost 20 years ago, CD1d tetramers were developed to track invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells based on their specificity, and to define developmental steps during which differentiation markers and functional features are progressively acquired from early NKT cell precursor to fully mature NKT cell subsets. Based on these findings, a linear developmental model was proposed and subsequently used by all studies investigating the specific role of factors that control NKT cell development. More recently, based on intracellular staining patterns of lineage-specific transcription factors such as T-bet, GATA-3, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger and RORγt, a lineage differentiation model was proposed for NKT cell development. Currently, studies on NKT cells development present lineage differentiation model data in addition to the linear maturation model. In the perspective presented here, we discuss current knowledge relating to NKT cell developmental models and particularly focus on the approaches and strategies, some of which appear nebulous, used to define NKT cell developmental stages and subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Amable
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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32
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Polese B, Zhang H, Thurairajah B, King IL. Innate Lymphocytes in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:242. [PMID: 32153574 PMCID: PMC7047158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a fundamental component of our host defense system that provides a dynamic physical and chemical barrier against pathogen invasion and environmental insults. Cutaneous barrier function is mediated by complex interactions between structural cells such as keratinocytes and diverse lineages of immune cells. In contrast to the protective role of these intercellular interactions, uncontrolled immune activation can lead to keratinocyte dysfunction and psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2% of the global population. Despite some differences between human and murine skin, animal models of psoriasiform inflammation have greatly informed clinical approaches to disease. These studies have helped to identify the interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17 axis as a central cytokine network that drives disease. In addition, they have led to the recent description of long-lived, skin-resident innate lymphocyte and lymphoid cells that accumulate in psoriatic lesions. Although not completely defined, these populations have both overlapping and unique functions compared to antigen-restricted αβ T lymphocytes, the latter of which are well-known to contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we describe the diversity of innate lymphocytes and lymphoid cells found in mammalian skin with a special focus on αβ T cells, Natural Killer T cells and Innate Lymphoid cells. In addition, we discuss the effector functions of these unique leukocyte subsets and how each may contribute to different stages of psoriasis. A more complete understanding of these cell types that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system will hopefully lead to more targeted therapies that mitigate or prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Polese
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bavanitha Thurairajah
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ferreira SS, Oliveira MA, Tsujita M, Nunes FPB, Casagrande FB, Gomes E, Russo M, Tavares de Lima W, Martins JO. Insulin Modulates the Immune Cell Phenotype in Pulmonary Allergic Inflammation and Increases Pulmonary Resistance in Diabetic Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:84. [PMID: 32117245 PMCID: PMC7026190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Reports have shown that the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients previously diagnosed with asthma decreases asthmatic symptoms, whereas insulin aggravates asthma. The present study evaluated the modulatory effect of insulin on the development of allergic airway inflammation in diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effects of relative insulin deficiency, an experimental model of diabetes was induced by a single dose of alloxan (50 mg/kg, i.v.). After 10 days, the mice were sensitized with ovalbumin [OVA, 20 μg and 2 mg of Al(OH)3, i.p.]. A booster immunization was performed 6 days after the first sensitization [20 μg of OVA and 2 mg of Al(OH)3, i.p.]. The OVA challenge (1 mg/mL) was performed by daily nebulization for 7 days. Diabetic animals were treated with multiple doses of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) before each challenge with OVA. The following parameters were measured 24 h after the last challenge: (a) the levels of p38 MAP kinase, ERK 1/2 MAP kinases, JNK, STAT 3, and STAT 6 in lung homogenates; (b) the serum profiles of immunoglobulins IgE and IgG1; (c) the concentrations of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, VEGF, TGF-β, and IFN-γ) in lung homogenates; (d) cells recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); (e) the profiles of immune cells in the bone marrow, lung, thymus, and spleen; and (f) pulmonary mechanics using invasive (FlexiVent) and non-invasive (BUXCO) methods. Results: Compared to non-diabetic OVA-challenged mice, OVA-challenged diabetic animals showed decreases in ERK 1 (2-fold), ERK 2 (7-fold), JNK (phosphor-54) (3-fold), JNK/SAPK (9-fold), STAT3 (4-fold), the levels of immunoglobulins, including IgE (1-fold) and IgG1 (3-fold), cytokines, including Th2 profile cytokines such as IL-4 (2-fold), IL-5 (2-fold), IL-13 (4-fold), TNF-α (2-fold), VEGF (2-fold), and TGF-β (2-fold), inflammatory infiltrates (14-fold), T cells, NK cells, B cells and eosinophils in the bone marrow, lung, thymus and spleen, and airway hyperreactivity. STAT6 was absent, and no eosinophilia was observed in BALF. Insulin treatment restored all parameters. Conclusion: The data suggested that insulin modulates immune cell phenotypes and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the development of allergic airway inflammation in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Experimental Lung Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela Tsujita
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P B Nunes
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Casagrande
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wothan Tavares de Lima
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Experimental Lung Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Corgnac S, Botelho NK, Donda A, Romero P. Recombinant fusion proteins for targeting dendritic cell subsets in therapeutic cancer vaccine. Methods Enzymol 2020; 632:521-543. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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Park J, Huh JY, Oh J, Kim JI, Han SM, Shin KC, Jeon YG, Choe SS, Park J, Kim JB. Activation of invariant natural killer T cells stimulates adipose tissue remodeling via adipocyte death and birth in obesity. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1657-1672. [PMID: 31727774 PMCID: PMC6942052 DOI: 10.1101/gad.329557.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Park et al. set out to elucidate the mechanism by which adipose-resident invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) cells impact adipose tissue remodeling in obesity. Using in vitro and ex vivo approaches, the authors found that, in obesity, adipose iNKT cells can kill hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory adipocytes via FasL-Fas-dependent apoptosis, thus providing new insight into the role adipose iNKT cells play in promoting healthy adipose tissue remodeling. In obesity, adipose tissue undergoes dynamic remodeling processes such as adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, immune responses, and adipocyte death. However, whether and how invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells contribute to adipose tissue remodeling are elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that iNKT cells remove unhealthy adipocytes and stimulate the differentiation of healthy adipocytes. In obese adipose tissue, iNKT cells were abundantly found nearby dead adipocytes. FasL-positive adipose iNKT cells exerted cytotoxic effects to eliminate hypertrophic and pro-inflammatory Fas-positive adipocytes. Furthermore, in vivo adipocyte-lineage tracing mice model showed that activation of iNKT cells by alpha-galactosylceramide promoted adipocyte turnover, eventually leading to potentiation of the insulin-dependent glucose uptake ability in adipose tissue. Collectively, our data propose a novel role of adipose iNKT cells in the regulation of adipocyte turnover in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeu Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jong In Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Mun Han
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Cheul Shin
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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Rotolo R, Leuci V, Donini C, Cykowska A, Gammaitoni L, Medico G, Valabrega G, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. CAR-Based Strategies beyond T Lymphocytes: Integrative Opportunities for Cancer Adoptive Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112839. [PMID: 31212634 PMCID: PMC6600566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T lymphocytes (CAR Ts) produced impressive clinical results against selected hematological malignancies, but the extension of CAR T cell therapy to the challenging field of solid tumors has not, so far, replicated similar clinical outcomes. Many efforts are currently dedicated to improve the efficacy and safety of CAR-based adoptive immunotherapies, including application against solid tumors. A promising approach is CAR engineering of immune effectors different from αβT lymphocytes. Herein we reviewed biological features, therapeutic potential, and safety of alternative effectors to conventional CAR T cells: γδT, natural killer (NK), NKT, or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. The intrinsic CAR-independent antitumor activities, safety profile, and ex vivo expansibility of these alternative immune effectors may favorably contribute to the clinical development of CAR strategies. The proper biological features of innate immune response effectors may represent an added value in tumor settings with heterogeneous CAR target expression, limiting the risk of tumor clonal escape. All these properties bring out CAR engineering of alternative immune effectors as a promising integrative option to be explored in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Rotolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Leuci
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Chiara Donini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Anna Cykowska
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10140 Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo TO, Italy.
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Joseph C, Klibi J, Amable L, Comba L, Cascioferro A, Delord M, Parietti V, Lenoir C, Latour S, Lucas B, Viret C, Toubert A, Benlagha K. TCR density in early iNKT cell precursors regulates agonist selection and subset differentiation in mice. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:894-910. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Joseph
- INSERM, UMR‐1160Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Paris France
- Université Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Jihene Klibi
- INSERM, UMR‐1160Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Paris France
- Université Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Ludivine Amable
- INSERM, UMR‐1160Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Paris France
- Université Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Lorenzo Comba
- INSERM, UMR‐1160Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Paris France
- Université Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | | | - Marc Delord
- Plateforme de Bio‐informatique et Bio statistiqueInstitut Universitaire d'HématologieUniversité Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Veronique Parietti
- Département d'Expérimentation AnimaleInstitut Universitaire d'Hématologie Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection Paris France
- Imagine InstitutUniversité Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection Paris France
- Imagine InstitutUniversité Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, INSERM U1016Université Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology ResearchUniversité de Lyon Lyon France
- INSERM U1111 Lyon France
- CNRS UMR5308 Lyon France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM, UMR‐1160Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Paris France
- Université Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- INSERM, UMR‐1160Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie Paris France
- Université Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
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38
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Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in NKT cells is essential for their survival and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7439-7448. [PMID: 30910955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901376116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism and signaling pathways are key regulators to determine conventional T cell fate and function, but little is understood about the role of cell metabolism for natural killer T (NKT) cell survival, proliferation, and function. We found that NKT cells operate distinct metabolic programming from CD4 T cells. NKT cells are less efficient in glucose uptake than CD4 T cells with or without activation. Gene-expression data revealed that, in NKT cells, glucose is preferentially metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway and mitochondria, as opposed to being converted into lactate. In fact, glucose is essential for the effector functions of NKT cells and a high lactate environment is detrimental for NKT cell survival and proliferation. Increased glucose uptake and IFN-γ expression in NKT cells is inversely correlated with bacterial loads in response to bacterial infection, further supporting the significance of glucose metabolism for NKT cell function. We also found that promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger seemed to play a role in regulating NKT cells' glucose metabolism. Overall, our study reveals that NKT cells use distinct arms of glucose metabolism for their survival and function.
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Rex J, Lutz A, Faletti LE, Albrecht U, Thomas M, Bode JG, Borner C, Sawodny O, Merfort I. IL-1β and TNFα Differentially Influence NF-κB Activity and FasL-Induced Apoptosis in Primary Murine Hepatocytes During LPS-Induced Inflammation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30842741 PMCID: PMC6391654 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-derived cytokines largely influence the behavior of hepatocytes during an inflammatory response. We previously reported that both TNFα and IL-1β, which are released by macrophages upon LPS stimulation, affect Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptotic signaling. Whereas TNFα preincubation leads to elevated levels of caspase-3 activity and cell death, pretreatment with IL-1β induces increased caspase-3 activity but keeps cells alive. We now report that IL-1β and TNFα differentially influence NF-κB activity resulting in a differential upregulation of target genes, which may contribute to the distinct effects on cell viability. A reduced NF-κB activation model was established to further investigate the molecular mechanisms which determine the distinct cell fate decisions after IL-1β and TNFα stimulation. To study this aspect in a more physiological setting, we used supernatants from LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The treatment of hepatocytes with the BMDM supernatant, which contains both IL-1β and TNFα, sensitized to FasL-induced caspase-3 activation and cell death. However, when TNFα action was blocked by neutralizing antibodies, cell viability after stimulation with the BMDM supernatant and FasL increased as compared to single FasL stimulation. This indicates the important role of TNFα in the sensitization of apoptosis in hepatocytes. These results give first insights into the complex interplay between macrophages and hepatocytes which may influence life/death decisions of hepatocytes during an inflammatory reaction of the liver in response to a bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rex
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura E Faletti
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infection Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infection Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Borner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sawodny
- Institute for System Dynamics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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NKT Cells in Mice Originate from Cytoplasmic CD3-Positive, CD4 -CD8 - Double-Negative Thymocytes that Express CD44 and IL-7Rα. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1874. [PMID: 30755654 PMCID: PMC6372634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are thought to be generated from CD4+CD8+ (DP) thymocytes, the developmental origin of CD4−CD8− (DN) NKT cells has remained unclear. In this study, we found the level of NK1.1 expression was highest in DN cells, followed by CD4 and CD8 (SP) and DP cells. The level of NK1.1 expression was highest in CD44+CD25− (DN1) cells, after that CD44+CD25+ (DN2), finally, CD44−CD25− (DN3) and CD44− CD25+ (DN4) cells. Unexpectedly, cytoplasmic CD3 was not only expressed in SP and DP thymocytes but also in most DN thymocytes at various stages. The mean fluorescence of cytoplasmic and surface CD3 in DN cells was significantly lower than in mature (SP) T and NKT cells in the thymus and spleen. Interestingly, there were more NKT cells in DN-cytoplasmic CD3 expression cells was higher than in DN-surface CD3 expression cells. There were more CD3-NKT cells in DN1 thymocytes than in TCR-β-NKT cells. NKT cells expressed higher levels of IL-7Rα which was correlated with CD44 expression in the thymus. Our data suggest that T cells and NKT cells follow similar patterns of expression with respect to cytoplasmic and surface CD3. Cytoplasmic CD3 could be used as a marker for early stage T cells. Both cytoplasmic CD3 and surface CD3 were expressed in mature T cells and immature T cells, including the immature cytoplasmic CD3+ surface CD3− and surface CD3+TCR-β− cells in DN1-NKT thymocytes. CD44 could be used as an additional marker of NKT cells which may originate from cytoplasmic CD3-positive DN thymocytes that express CD44 and IL-7Rα in mice.
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Bezgovsek J, Gulbins E, Friedrich SK, Lang KS, Duhan V. Sphingolipids in early viral replication and innate immune activation. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1115-1123. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which sphingolipids modulate virus multiplication and the host innate immune response, using a number of host-virus systems as illustrative models. Sphingolipids exert diverse functions, both at the level of the viral life cycle and in the regulation of antiviral immune responses. Sphingolipids may influence viral replication in three ways: by serving as (co)receptors during viral entry, by modulating virus replication, and by shaping the antiviral immune response. Several studies have demonstrated that sphingosine kinases (SphK) and their product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), enhance the replication of influenza, measles, and hepatitis B virus (HBV). In contrast, ceramides, particularly S1P and SphK1, influence the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) by modulating upstream antiviral signaling and enhancing dendritic cell maturation, differentiation, and positioning in tissue. The synthetic molecule α-galactosylceramide has also been shown to stimulate natural killer cell activation and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. However, to date, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate any clinical benefit for sphingolipids in the treatment of cancer or HBV infection. Taken together, these findings show that sphingolipids play an important and underappreciated role in the control of virus replication and the innate immune response.
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42
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Chou C, Li MO. Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes Across Innate and Adaptive Lineages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2104. [PMID: 30298068 PMCID: PMC6160555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are an integral component of the immune system. Classically, all lymphocytes were thought to perpetually recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs and only traffic to non-lymphoid tissues upon activation. In recent years, a diverse family of non-circulating lymphocytes have been identified. These include innate lymphocytes, innate-like T cells and a subset of conventional T cells. Spanning the innate-adaptive spectrum, these tissue-resident lymphocytes carry out specialized functions and cross-talk with other immune cell types to maintain tissue integrity and homeostasis both at the steady state and during pathological conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of the heterogeneous tissue-resident lymphocyte populations, discuss their development, and highlight their functions both in the context of microbial infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chou
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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43
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Natural killer T cells and ulcerative colitis. Cell Immunol 2018; 335:1-5. [PMID: 30638678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are aberrant in IBD. The pathogenesis of UC includes abnormal inflammation and immune responses of the digestive tract. Natural killer T (NKT) cells participate in the innate and adaptive immune responses, together with a vast array of cytokines. Recent studies suggested that IL-13, IL5 and IL-4 are involved in the occurrence and the development of UC. Manipulating NKT cells may be a potential strategy to reconstruct the abnormal immune responses in UC. In this review, we explore the roles of NKT cells and cytokines in UC. Additionally, neutralizing antibodies and inhibitors of cytokines produced by NKT cells or their receptors are also discussed as novel therapeutic choices for UC.
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Abstract
Type I or invariant natural killer T cells belong to a unique lineage of innate T cells, which express markers of both T lymphocytes and NK cells, namely T cell receptor (TCR) and NK1.1 (CD161C), respectively. Thus, apart from direct killing of target cells like NK cells, and they also produce a myriad of cytokines which modulate the adaptive immune responses. Unlike traditional T cells which carry a conventional αβ TCR, NKT cells express semi-invariant TCR - Vα14-Jα18, coupled with Vβ8, Vβ7 and Vβ2 in mice. In humans, the invariant TCR is composed of Vα24-Jα18, coupled with Vβ11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pyaram
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Viveka Nand Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
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45
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Abstract
The inability to elicit strong and durable cellular responses is a major obstacle in the development of successful vaccines, in particular those against malaria. In this regard, the generation of novel adjuvants that will potently boost cell-mediated immunity induced by candidate vaccines is helpful. We and others have found a glycolipid, called α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which could be presented on CD1d expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and stimulate natural killer T (NKT) cells. This triggers the activation/maturation of APCs, particularly dendritic cells (DCs). By activating NKT cells and subsequently DCs, α-GalCer has been shown to enhance adaptive immune responses, particularly of CD8
+ T cells, induced by the vaccines. More recently, we identified an analogue of α-GalCer, which can display a potent adjuvant activity in conjunction with malaria vaccines in mice and non-human primates. It is anticipated that CD1d-binding, NKT cell-stimulating glycolipids will be tested as adjuvants in humans in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Grazziela Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangming Li
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Leishmania donovani mediated higher expression of CCL4 induces differential accumulation of CD4 +CD56 +NKT and CD8 +CD56 +NKT cells at infection site. Cytokine 2018; 110:306-315. [PMID: 29807685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sterile cure from visceralized Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) needs Th1 cell support along with the assistance from innate immune cells, NK cells and NKT cells. NKT cells play as a connecting link between innate and adaptive immune cell and support T helper cell function. Earlier, a categorical function of CD56 positive CD4+ or CD8+ NKT cells was reported in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). It was observed in in vitro that CD4+CD56+NKT cells, but not CD8+CD56+NKT cells, were accumulated at the L. donovani infection site. Therefore, in vitro experiments have been carried out to decipher the mechanism behind preferential accumulation of CD4+CD56+NKT cells at infection site. In this study, 1.89 fold higher expression of CCL4/MIP-1β was noticed in infected macrophages. The higher expression of CCL4 was correlated with preferential accumulation of CCR5+CD4+CD56+NKT cells and apoptosis of CD8+CD56+NKT cells at in vitro infection site. The CD4+CD56+NKT cells were also observed expressing TGF-β dominantly. Interaction of CCL4 chemotaxis was interrupted by blocking, which led to drift back the TGF-β producing CD4+CD56+NKT cells and promoted CD8+CD56+NKT cells recruitment in in vitro infection site. CCR5 blockade also reduced CD25 and FoxP3 positive CD4+CD56+NKT cells in in vitro infection site. Therefore, it was concluded that Leishmania promotes strategic expression of CCL4, which alternately attracts CCR5+ cells, mostly expressing regulatory cytokines, at infection site. This reduces the CD8+CD56+NKT cells at infection site through Smad4 mediated TGF-β expression and activation of caspases. Data indicates that L. donovani induces higher expression of CCL4 in host cell to attract CCR5+ cells under its strategic plan to downregulate host immune response.
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47
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Yoshimoto T. The Hunt for the Source of Primary Interleukin-4: How We Discovered That Natural Killer T Cells and Basophils Determine T Helper Type 2 Cell Differentiation In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:716. [PMID: 29740428 PMCID: PMC5924770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 plays a central role in determining the phenotype of naïve CD4+ T cells by promoting their differentiation into IL-4-producing T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, which are crucial for the induction of allergic inflammation. However, to date, the potential sources of “primary IL-4” in vivo, as distinguished from IL-4 produced by Th2 cells, remain unclear. Here, I describe the research I carried out in collaboration with Dr. William E. Paul to identify “primary IL-4”-producing cells and Th2 cell differentiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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48
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Park JY, Ligons DL, Park JH. Out-sourcing for Trans-presentation: Assessing T Cell Intrinsic and Extrinsic IL-15 Expression with Il15 Gene Reporter Mice. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e13. [PMID: 29503743 PMCID: PMC5833120 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-15 is a cytokine of the common γ-chain family that is critical for natural killer (NK), invariant natural killer T (iNKT), and CD8 memory T cell development and homeostasis. The role of IL-15 in regulating effector T cell subsets, however, remains incompletely understood. IL-15 is mostly expressed by stromal cells, myeloid cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Whether T cells themselves can express IL-15, and if so, whether such T cell-derived IL-15 could play an autocrine role in T cells are interesting questions that were previously addressed but answered with mixed results. Recently, three independent studies described the generation of IL-15 reporter mice which facilitated the identification of IL-15-producing cells and helped to clarify the role of IL-15 both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the findings of these studies and place them in context of recent reports that examined T cell-intrinsic IL-15 expression during CD4 effector T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Davinna L Ligons
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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49
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Abstract
The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue. Ideally positioned to detect pathogens entering the body via the gut, the liver appears designed to detect, capture, and clear bacteria, viruses, and macromolecules. Containing the largest collection of phagocytic cells in the body, this organ is an important barrier between us and the outside world. Importantly, as portal blood also transports a large number of foreign but harmless molecules (e.g., food antigens), the liver's default immune status is anti-inflammatory or immunotolerant; however, under appropriate conditions, the liver is able to mount a rapid and robust immune response. This balance between immunity and tolerance is essential to liver function. Excessive inflammation in the absence of infection leads to sterile liver injury, tissue damage, and remodeling; insufficient immunity allows for chronic infection and cancer. Dynamic interactions between the numerous populations of immune cells in the liver are key to maintaining this balance and overall tissue health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kubes
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Craig Jenne
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; , .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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50
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Moris P, Jongert E, van der Most RG. Characterization of T-cell immune responses in clinical trials of the candidate RTS,S malaria vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:17-27. [PMID: 28934066 PMCID: PMC5791571 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1381809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S has demonstrated 45.7% efficacy over 18 months against all clinical disease in a phase-III field study of African children. RTS,S targets the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), which is expressed on the Plasmodium sporozoite during the pre-erythrocyte stage of its life-cycle; the stage between mosquito bite and liver infection. Early in the development of RTS,S, it was recognized that CSP-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was required to complement CSP-specific antibody-mediated immunity. In reviewing RTS,S clinical studies, associations between protection and various types of CMI (CSP-specific CD4+ T cells and INF-γ ELISPOTs) have been identified, but not consistently. It is plausible that certain CD4+ T cells support antibody responses or co-operate with other immune-cell types to potentially elicit protection. However, the identities of vaccine correlates of protection, implicating either CSP-specific antibodies or T cells remain elusive, suggesting that RTS,S clinical trials may benefit from additional immunogenicity analyses that can be informed by the results of controlled human malaria infection studies.
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