1
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Deguine J, Xavier RJ. B cell tolerance and autoimmunity: Lessons from repertoires. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231314. [PMID: 39093312 PMCID: PMC11296956 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune cell function is regulated by a highly diverse receptor recombined from variable germline-encoded segments that can recognize an almost unlimited array of epitopes. While this diversity enables the recognition of any pathogen, it also poses a risk of self-recognition, leading to autoimmunity. Many layers of regulation are present during both the generation and activation of B cells to prevent this phenomenon, although they are evidently imperfect. In recent years, our ability to analyze immune repertoires at scale has drastically increased, both through advances in sequencing and single-cell analyses. Here, we review the current knowledge on B cell repertoire analyses, focusing on their implication for autoimmunity. These studies demonstrate that a failure of tolerance occurs at multiple independent checkpoints in different autoimmune contexts, particularly during B cell maturation, plasmablast differentiation, and within germinal centers. These failures are marked by distinct repertoire features that may be used to identify disease- or patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Deguine
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard , Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard , Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Su J, Wang Y, Yao J, Sun L, Zhao C, Liu L, Zhang L. Systemic knockout of Tmem175 results in aberrant differentiation but no effect on hematopoietic reconstitution. Stem Cell Res 2024; 79:103469. [PMID: 38878670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play crucial roles in regulating cell metabolism, and K+ channels are critical for controlling various aspects of lysosomal function. Additionally, lysosomal activity is essential for maintaining the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) under both steady-state and stress conditions. Tmem175 is a lysosomal potassium channel protein. To further investigate the role of K+ channels in HSCs, our study employed knockout mice to examine the function of Tmem175. Our research findings demonstrate that the deletion of Tmem175 does not disrupt the functionality of HSCs in both stable and stressed conditions, including irradiation and intraperitoneal 5-FU injections. However, we did observe that the absence of Tmem175 impairs the long-term differentiation capacity of HSCs into myeloid differentiated subpopulation cells(In this paper, it is referred to simply as M cells)in HSC transplantation test, while promoting their differentiation into T cells. This suggests that Tmem175 plays a role in the lineage differentiation of HSCs without being essential for their self-renewal or long-term regenerative capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang , 261053, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Metabolic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Jiyuan Yao
- Center for Metabolic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Leimin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Chunzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang , 261053, China.
| | - Leiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Center for Metabolic Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China.
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3
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Ding Z, Hagan M, Yan F, Schroer NW, Polmear J, Good-Jacobson KL, Dvorscek AR, Pitt C, O’Donnell K, Nutt SL, Zotos D, McKenzie C, Hill DL, Robinson MJ, Quast I, Koentgen F, Tarlinton DM. Ki67 deficiency impedes chromatin accessibility and BCR gene rearrangement. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232160. [PMID: 38842525 PMCID: PMC11157087 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The proliferation marker Ki67 has been attributed critical functions in maintaining mitotic chromosome morphology and heterochromatin organization during the cell cycle, indicating a potential role in developmental processes requiring rigid cell-cycle control. Here, we discovered that despite normal fecundity and organogenesis, germline deficiency in Ki67 resulted in substantial defects specifically in peripheral B and T lymphocytes. This was not due to impaired cell proliferation but rather to early lymphopoiesis at specific stages where antigen-receptor gene rearrangements occurred. We identified that Ki67 was required for normal global chromatin accessibility involving regulatory regions of genes critical for checkpoint stages in B cell lymphopoiesis. In line with this, mRNA expression of Rag1 was diminished and gene rearrangement was less efficient in the absence of Ki67. Transgenes encoding productively rearranged immunoglobulin heavy and light chains complemented Ki67 deficiency, completely rescuing early B cell development. Collectively, these results identify a unique contribution from Ki67 to somatic antigen-receptor gene rearrangement during lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Feng Yan
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nick W.Y. Schroer
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jack Polmear
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kim L. Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alexandra R. Dvorscek
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy O’Donnell
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen L. Nutt
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dimitra Zotos
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig McKenzie
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danika L. Hill
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marcus J. Robinson
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David M. Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Yu X, Zhou W, Chen X, He S, Qin M, Yuan M, Wang Y, Odhiambo WO, Miao Y, Ji Y. RAG1 and RAG2 non-core regions are implicated in leukemogenesis and off-target V(D)J recombination in BCR-ABL1-driven B-cell lineage lymphoblastic leukemia. eLife 2024; 12:RP91030. [PMID: 39056282 PMCID: PMC11281782 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conservation of non-core RAG regions suggests significant roles that might involve quantitative or qualitative alterations in RAG activity. Off-target V(D)J recombination contributes to lymphomagenesis and is exacerbated by RAG2' C-terminus absence in Tp53-/- mice thymic lymphomas. However, the genomic stability effects of non-core regions from both Rag1c/c and Rag2c/c in BCR-ABL1+ B-lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL), the characteristics, and mechanisms of non-core regions in suppressing off-target V(D)J recombination remain unclear. Here, we established three mouse models of BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL in mice expressing full-length RAG (Ragf/f), core RAG1 (Rag1c/c), and core RAG2 (Rag2c/c). The Ragc/c (Rag1c/c and Rag2c/c) leukemia cells exhibited greater malignant tumor characteristics compared to Ragf/f cells. Additionally, Ragc/c cells showed higher frequency of off-target V(D)J recombination and oncogenic mutations than Ragf/f. We also revealed decreased RAG cleavage accuracy in Ragc/c cells and a smaller recombinant size in Rag1c/c cells, which could potentially exacerbate off-target V(D)J recombination in Ragc/c cells. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the non-core RAG regions, particularly the non-core region of RAG1, play a significant role in preserving V(D)J recombination precision and genomic stability in BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Shunyu He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Mengting Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Woodvine Otieno Odhiambo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Yinsha Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest UniversityXianChina
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi’an No. 3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest UniversityXianChina
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5
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Valbon SF, Lebel ME, Feldman HA, Condotta SA, Dong M, Giordano D, Waggoner SN, Melichar HJ, Richer MJ. Type I interferon induced during chronic viral infection favors B-cell development in the thymus. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 39009814 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic viral infections cause thymic involution yet the potential for broader, longer-term impact on thymic composition remains unexplored. Here we show that chronic, but not acute, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection promotes a unique population of immature B cells in the thymus. We show that chronic viral infection promotes signals within the thymus, including the expression of B-cell activating factor (BAFF), that favor the maturation of this population as these cells acquire expression of CD19 and immunoglobulin M. Mechanistically, type I interferon (IFN-I), predominantly IFNβ, signals to thymic hematopoietic cells, strongly delaying T-cell development at the earliest precursor stage. Furthermore, IFN-I signaling to the nonhematopoietic compartment provides a second signal essential to favor B-cell differentiation and maturation within the thymus. Importantly, chronic infection yields changes in the B-cell population for at least 50 days following infection, long after thymic atrophy has subsided. Thus, the inflammatory milieu induced by chronic viral infection has a profound, and long-lasting, effect on thymic composition leading to the generation of a novel population of thymic B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F Valbon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Lebel
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - H Alex Feldman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics & Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie A Condotta
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Cooperative Center for Excellence in Hematology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mengqi Dong
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics & Etiology, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Cooperative Center for Excellence in Hematology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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6
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Wu S, Ren X, Zhuang Y, Shen C, Zhu H, Cao Y, Zhang X, Chen G. Peripheral Lymphocyte Changes Associate With the Progression of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants. J Surg Res 2024; 301:215-223. [PMID: 38959630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune factors are important antecedents in the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, studies on the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets changes in NEC patients among different Bell stages and in patients requiring surgery are scarce. METHODS 34 infants with NEC and 33 age-matched controls were included. Peripheral blood was collected within 48 h after NEC diagnosis. Peripheral blood B and T lymphocytes subsets were detected by 12-color flow cytometry. Cell ratios were calculated, and their relationship to disease severity and their roles as indicators for surgery were assessed. RESULTS NEC patients showed elevated percentages of unSwB cells (CD27+IgD+ unswitched memory/activated B cells)/B cells, SwB cells (CD27+IgD-switched memory B cells)/B cells, CD8+ T (CD3+CD8+ T cells)/T cells, Tem (CD45RA-CCR7-effector memory T cells)/CD4+ T cells, Tem/CD8+ T cells and decreased Bn (CD27-IgD+ naïve B cells)/B cells, CD4+T (CD3+CD4+ T cells)/T cells, CD45RA+ CCR7+ naïve T cells (CD45RA+CCR7+ naïve T cells)/CD8+T cells. Compared to NEC patients at BELL stage I + II, patients at BELL stage III showed increased percentages of SwB cells/B cells, antibody secreting cell (ASC, CD3-CD20-CD27high CD38high ASCs)/B cells and Tem/CD4+ T cells, and decreased percentages of CD45RA+CCR7+ naïve T cells/CD4+ T cells. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of ASC/B cells ratio (0.52%) is 86.67% and the specificity of Tem/CD4+T ratio (5.22%) is 100%, indicating that NEC patients required surgery. CONCLUSIONS The severity of NEC exhibits codirectional changes with the maturation of B and T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ T cells. The increased ASC/B and Tem/CD4+ T cells could serve as potential indicators for NEC patients requiring surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojing Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Ren
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhuang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China.
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Ertel MV, da Silva ABA, de Sousa DF, Dos Santos CJ, da Silva TM, da Silva-Sales MFM, de Oliveira Matos A, Sales-Campos H. Who is who within the universe of TREM-like transcripts (TREML)? Life Sci 2024; 348:122696. [PMID: 38710279 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM) family of receptors plays a crucial role in the immune response across various species. Particularly, TREM-1 and TREM-2 have been extensively studied, both in terms of their applications and their expression sites and signaling pathways. However, the same is not observed for the other family members collectively known as TREM-like-transcripts (TREML). The TREML family consists of eight receptors, with TREML1-5 identified in humans and mice, TREML-6 exclusive found in mice, TREML-7 in dogs and horses, and TREML-8 in rabbits and opossums. Despite the limited data available on the TREML members, they have been implicated in different immune and non-immune activities, which have been proposed to display both pro and anti-inflammatory activities, and to influence fundamental biological processes such as coagulation, bone and neurological development. In this review, we have compiled available information regarding the already discovered members of the family and provided foundational framework for understanding the function, localization, and therapeutic potential of all TREML members. Additionally, we hope that this review may shed light on this family of receptors, whose underlying mechanisms are still awaiting elucidation, while emphasizing the need for future studies to explore their functions and potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Verônica Ertel
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Francisco de Sousa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Cairo José Dos Santos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Mendonça da Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda de Oliveira Matos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Simpson MJ, Newen AM, McNees C, Sharma S, Pfannenstiel D, Moyer T, Stephany D, Douagi I, Wang Q, Mayer CT. Peripheral apoptosis and limited clonal deletion during physiologic murine B lymphocyte development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4691. [PMID: 38824171 PMCID: PMC11144239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-reactive and polyreactive B cells generated during B cell development are silenced by either apoptosis, clonal deletion, receptor editing or anergy to avoid autoimmunity. The specific contribution of apoptosis to normal B cell development and self-tolerance is incompletely understood. Here, we quantify self-reactivity, polyreactivity and apoptosis during physiologic B lymphocyte development. Self-reactivity and polyreactivity are most abundant in early immature B cells and diminish significantly during maturation within the bone marrow. Minimal apoptosis still occurs at this site, however B cell receptors cloned from apoptotic B cells show comparable self-reactivity to that of viable cells. Apoptosis increases dramatically only following immature B cells leaving the bone marrow sinusoids, but above 90% of cloned apoptotic transitional B cells are not self-reactive/polyreactive. Our data suggests that an apoptosis-independent mechanism, such as receptor editing, removes most self-reactive B cells in the bone marrow. Mechanistically, lack of survival signaling rather than clonal deletion appears to be the underpinning cause of apoptosis in most transitional B cells in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikala JoAnn Simpson
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Minh Newen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher McNees
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sukriti Sharma
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dylan Pfannenstiel
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Moyer
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Stephany
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Thomas Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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9
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Obare LM, Bonami RH, Doran A, Wanjalla CN. B cells and atherosclerosis: A HIV perspective. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31270. [PMID: 38651687 PMCID: PMC11209796 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally, with the complex interplay of inflammation and lipid metabolism at its core. Recent evidence suggests a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, this relationship remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of HIV. We review the multifaceted functions of B cells in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on HIV. Unique to atherosclerosis is the pivotal role of natural antibodies, particularly those targeting oxidized epitopes abundant in modified lipoproteins and cellular debris. B cells can exert control over cellular immune responses within atherosclerotic arteries through antigen presentation, chemokine production, cytokine production, and cell-cell interactions, actively participating in local and systemic immune responses. We explore how HIV, characterized by chronic immune activation and dysregulation, influences B cells in the context of atherosclerosis, potentially exacerbating CVD risk in persons with HIV. By examining the proatherogenic and antiatherogenic properties of B cells, we aim to deepen our understanding of how B cells influence atherosclerotic plaque development, especially within the framework of HIV. This research provides a foundation for novel B cell-targeted interventions, with the potential to mitigate inflammation-driven cardiovascular events, offering new perspectives on CVD risk management in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel H. Bonami
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Doran
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Zhao B, An F, Hao Z, Zhang W, Wang B. BAP31 Plays an Essential Role in Mouse B Cell Development via Regulation of BCR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4962. [PMID: 38732181 PMCID: PMC11084850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) is a transmembrane protein that is widely expressed and primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). B cells play a crucial role in the immune system, and BAP31 significantly contributes to the functions of various immune cells. However, the specific role of BAP31 in B lymphocytes development remains unknown. In this study, we utilized a mouse model with BAP31 deleted from B cells to investigate its effects. Our findings reveal a block in early B cell development in the bone marrow and a significant decrease in the number of B cells in peripheral lymphoid organs taken from BAP31 B cell conditional knockout (BAP31-BCKO) mice. B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is crucial for the normal development and differentiation of B lymphocytes. BAP31, an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, directly regulates the BCR signaling pathway and was shown to be significantly positively correlated with B cell activation and proliferation. These findings establish BAP31 as a crucial regulator of early B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (B.Z.); (F.A.); (Z.H.); (W.Z.)
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11
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Guo Z, Yu J, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang L. Immunological Mechanisms behind Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade: Intratumoral Reinvigoration or Systemic Induction? Biomedicines 2024; 12:764. [PMID: 38672120 PMCID: PMC11048152 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been widely used to treat many types of cancer. It is well established that PD-L1 expressing cancer cells could directly inhibit the cytotoxicity of PD-1+ T cells via PD-L1-PD-1 interaction. However, histological quantification of intratumoral PD-L1 expression provides limited predictive value and PD-L1 negative patients could still benefit from ICB treatment. Therefore, the current major clinical challenges are low objective response rate and unclear immunological mechanisms behind responding vs. non-responding patients. Here, we review recent studies highlighting the importance of longitudinal pre- and post-ICB treatment on patients with various types of solid tumor to elucidate the mechanisms behind ICB treatment. On one hand, ICB induces changes in the tumor microenvironment by reinvigorating intratumoral PD-1+ exhausted T cells ("releasing the brakes"). On the other hand, ICB can also affect systemic antitumor immunity in the tumor-draining lymph node to induce priming/activation of cancer specific T cells, which is evident by T cell clonal expansion/replacement in peripheral blood. These studies reveal that ICB treatment not only acts on the tumor microenvironment ("battlefield") but also acts on immune organs ("training camp") of patients with solid tumors. A deeper understanding of the immunological mechanisms behind ICB treatment will pave the way for further improvements in clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Wang
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518054, China; (Z.G.); (J.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.C.)
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12
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Shu X, Wang J, Zeng H, Shao L. Progression of Notch signaling regulation of B cells under radiation exposure. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339977. [PMID: 38524139 PMCID: PMC10957566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of nuclear technology, the radiation exposure caused by radiation therapy is a serious health hazard. It is of great significance to further develop effective radiation countermeasures. B cells easily succumb to irradiation exposure along with immunosuppressive response. The approach to ameliorate radiation-induced B cell damage is rarely studied, implying that the underlying mechanisms of B cell damage after exposure are eager to be revealed. Recent studies suggest that Notch signaling plays an important role in B cell-mediated immune response. Notch signaling is a critical regulator for B cells to maintain immune function. Although accumulating studies reported that Notch signaling contributes to the functionality of hematopoietic stem cells and T cells, its role in B cells is scarcely appreciated. Presently, we discussed the regulation of Notch signaling on B cells under radiation exposure to provide a scientific basis to prevent radiation-induced B cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huihong Zeng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Zhang T, Pang C, Xu M, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Jiang X, Guo M. The role of immune system in atherosclerosis: Molecular mechanisms, controversies, and future possibilities. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110765. [PMID: 38369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular disorders have atherosclerosis as their pathological underpinning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that, with the aid of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, innate immunity, represented by monocytes/macrophages, and adaptive immunity, primarily T/B cells, play a critical role in controlling inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. Additionally, the finding of numerous complement components in atherosclerotic plaques suggests yet again how heavily the immune system controls atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough grasp of how the immune system contributes to atherosclerosis. The specific molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of immune cells and immune molecules in atherosclerosis, the controversy surrounding some immune cells in atherosclerosis, and the limitations of extrapolating from relevant animal models to humans were all carefully reviewed in this review from the three perspectives of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and complement system. This could provide fresh possibilities for atherosclerosis research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chenxu Pang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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14
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Christian SL, Cambridge G. Editorial: CD24 in the regulation of cellular development and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374701. [PMID: 38476222 PMCID: PMC10927940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L. Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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15
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Shi Y, Zhu Z, Chen Q, Chen X. DNA methylation regulates B cell activation via repressing Pax5 expression in teleost. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363426. [PMID: 38404580 PMCID: PMC10884147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the transcription factor Pax5 is a key regulator of B cell development and maturation and specifically expressed in naive/mature B cells but repressed upon B cell activation. Despite the long-standing proposal that Pax5 repression is essential for proper B cell activation, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we used a teleost model to elucidate the mechanisms governing Pax5 repression during B cell activation. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) significantly enhanced the antibody secreting ability and phagocytic capacity of IgM+ B cells in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), coinciding with upregulated expression of activation-related genes, such as Bcl6, Blimp1, and sIgM, and downregulated expression of Pax5. Intriguingly, two CpG islands were identified within the promoter region of Pax5. Both CpG islands exhibited hypomethylation in naive/mature B cells, while CpG island1 was specifically transited into hypermethylation upon B cell activation. Furthermore, treatment with DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) prevented the hypermethylation of CpG island1, and concomitantly impaired the downregulation of Pax5 and activation of B cells. Finally, through in vitro methylation experiments, we demonstrated that DNA methylation exerts an inhibitory effect on promoter activities of Pax5. Taken together, our findings unveil a novel mechanism underlying Pax5 repression during B cell activation, thus promoting the understanding of B cell activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Zhang R, Wang D, Ruan GX, Wang R, Li Y, Chen W, Huang H, Wang J, Meng L, Zhu Z, Lei D, Xu S, Ou X. Spliceosome component PHD finger 5A is essential for early B lymphopoiesis. Development 2024; 151:dev202247. [PMID: 38095286 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The spliceosome, a multi-megadalton ribonucleoprotein complex, is essential for pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus and ensuring genomic stability. Its precise and dynamic assembly is pivotal for its function. Spliceosome malfunctions can lead to developmental abnormalities and potentially contribute to tumorigenesis. The specific role of the spliceosome in B cell development is poorly understood. Here, we reveal that the spliceosomal U2 snRNP component PHD finger protein 5A (Phf5a) is vital for early B cell development. Loss of Phf5a results in pronounced defects in B cell development, causing an arrest at the transition from pre-pro-B to early pro-B cell stage in the bone marrow of mutant mice. Phf5a-deficient B cells exhibit impaired immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain expression due to defective V-to-DJ gene rearrangement. Mechanistically, our findings suggest that Phf5a facilitates IgH gene rearrangement by regulating the activity of recombination-activating gene endonuclease and influencing chromatin interactions at the Igh locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Daoqin Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Xin Ruan
- Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Ruisi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hengjun Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Limin Meng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhijian Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dengfeng Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive MD9, Singapore 117593, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xijun Ou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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17
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Fregona V, Bayet M, Bouttier M, Largeaud L, Hamelle C, Jamrog LA, Prade N, Lagarde S, Hebrard S, Luquet I, Mansat-De Mas V, Nolla M, Pasquet M, Didier C, Khamlichi AA, Broccardo C, Delabesse É, Mancini SJ, Gerby B. Stem cell-like reprogramming is required for leukemia-initiating activity in B-ALL. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230279. [PMID: 37930337 PMCID: PMC10626194 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a multistep disease characterized by the hierarchical acquisition of genetic alterations. However, the question of how a primary oncogene reprograms stem cell-like properties in committed B cells and leads to a preneoplastic population remains unclear. Here, we used the PAX5::ELN oncogenic model to demonstrate a causal link between the differentiation blockade, the self-renewal, and the emergence of preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs). We show that PAX5::ELN disrupts the differentiation of preleukemic cells by enforcing the IL7r/JAK-STAT pathway. This disruption is associated with the induction of rare and quiescent pre-LSCs that sustain the leukemia-initiating activity, as assessed using the H2B-GFP model. Integration of transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data reveals that those quiescent pre-LSCs lose B cell identity and reactivate an immature molecular program, reminiscent of human B-ALL chemo-resistant cells. Finally, our transcriptional regulatory network reveals the transcription factor EGR1 as a strong candidate to control quiescence/resistance of PAX5::ELN pre-LSCs as well as of blasts from human B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fregona
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Bayet
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Bouttier
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Hamelle
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura A. Jamrog
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Naïs Prade
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Lagarde
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Hebrard
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Nolla
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Pasquet
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Didier
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Ahmed Amine Khamlichi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Broccardo
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Delabesse
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane J.C. Mancini
- Université de Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang, Inserm, MOBIDIC—UMR_S 1236, Rennes, France
| | - Bastien Gerby
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
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18
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Dang M, Yu J, Galant-Swafford J, Karam SD. The dichotomy of regulatory B cells in cancer versus allergic disease. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:11-21. [PMID: 37712547 PMCID: PMC10994235 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are an immunosuppressive cell phenotype that affects the immune system by limiting the inflammatory cascade. Dysregulation of Bregs can interestingly play a dichotomous role in the pathophysiology of many diseases and is especially highlighted when examining cancer pathology compared to allergic disease. This study reviews the existing literature on Bregs and compares their role in allergic disease in contrast to cancer development. Upregulation of Bregs in cancer states has been associated with poor prognostic outcomes across various cancer types, and Breg proliferation was associated with chronic interferon signaling, activation of the BCR-BTK (B cell receptor-Bruton's tyrosine kinase) pathway, and release of C-X-C motif ligand 13. In contrast, Breg dysfunction has been identified as a key mechanism in many allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. Development of Breg-targeted immunotherapies is currently at the preclinical level, but strategies differentially focus on Breg depletion in cancer versus Breg stimulation in allergy. Our review highlights the divergent functions that Bregs play in cancer compared to allergy. We conclude that natural homeostasis hinges on a fine balance between the dichotomous role of Bregs-over or underactivation can result in a pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sky Ridge Medical Center, Lone Tree, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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19
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Chen X, Guo H, Jin D, Lu Y, Zhang L. Distribution characteristics of circulating B cell subpopulations in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20797. [PMID: 38012211 PMCID: PMC10682455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the levels of circulating B cell subpopulations in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), investigated the effects of haemodialysis (HD) on the B cell-related immune spectrum in patients with end-stage renal disease, and evaluated the link between renal function and immune homeostasis. Overall, 197 patients with CKD (158 non-dialysis patients with CKD stages I-V and 39 end-stage patients undergoing maintenance HD) and 77 healthy controls were included. Compared to healthy controls, patients with CKD stages I-II showed no significant differences except for the proportion of transitional B cells; patients with CKD stage V showed a significant decrease in the proportions of transitional B cells and CD5+ B cells and a significant increase in double-negative (DN) B cells. Compared with early-stage patients with CKD, the absolute count of various B cell subpopulations in advanced-stage patients with CKD showed a significant decrease. The distribution of circulating B cell subpopulations in patients with CKD was significantly altered and was associated with CKD progression. Furthermore, the proportion of DN B cells and CD5+ B cells was inconsistent pre- and post-HD. This in-depth study of the immune status of patients with CKD may have important clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuya Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoyang Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danxia Jin
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyi Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 60 West Wuning Road, Dongyang, 322100, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Vukadin L, Park B, Mohamed M, Li H, Elkholy A, Torrelli-Diljohn A, Kim JH, Jeong K, Murphy JM, Harvey CA, Dunlap S, Gehrs L, Lee H, Kim HG, Lee SN, Stanford D, Barrington RA, Foote JB, Sorace AG, Welner RS, Hildreth BE, Lim STS, Ahn EYE. A mouse model of ZTTK syndrome reveals indispensable SON functions in organ development and hematopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.19.567732. [PMID: 38014320 PMCID: PMC10680872 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.19.567732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Rare diseases are underrepresented in biomedical research, leading to insufficient awareness. Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim (ZTTK) syndrome is a rare disease caused by genetic alterations that result in heterozygous loss-of-function of SON. While ZTTK syndrome patients suffer from numerous symptoms, the lack of model organisms hamper our understanding of both SON and this complex syndrome. Here, we developed Son haploinsufficiency (Son+/-) mice as a model of ZTTK syndrome and identified the indispensable roles of Son in organ development and hematopoiesis. Son+/- mice recapitulated clinical symptoms of ZTTK syndrome, including growth retardation, cognitive impairment, skeletal abnormalities, and kidney agenesis. Furthermore, we identified hematopoietic abnormalities in Son+/- mice, similar to those observed in human patients. Surface marker analyses and single-cell transcriptome profiling of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed that Son haploinsufficiency inclines cell fate toward the myeloid lineage but compromises lymphoid lineage development by reducing key genes required for lymphoid and B cell lineage specification. Additionally, Son haploinsufficiency causes inappropriate activation of erythroid genes and impaired erythroid maturation. These findings highlight the importance of the full gene dosage of Son in organ development and hematopoiesis. Our model serves as an invaluable research tool for this rare disease and related disorders associated with SON dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vukadin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bohye Park
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Huashi Li
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amr Elkholy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex Torrelli-Diljohn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Metastasis Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caitlin A. Harvey
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sophia Dunlap
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Leah Gehrs
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hanna Lee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hyung-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Seth N. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Denise Stanford
- Department of Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert A. Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jeremy B. Foote
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert S. Welner
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Blake E. Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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21
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Zhong X, Moresco JJ, Keller K, Lazaro DR, Ely C, Moresco EMY, Beutler B, Choi JH. Essential requirement for IER3IP1 in B cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312810120. [PMID: 37934820 PMCID: PMC10655558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312810120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In a forward genetic screen of mice with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutations for aberrant immune function, we identified animals with low percentages of B220+ cells in the peripheral blood. The causative mutation was in Ier3ip1, encoding immediate early response 3 interacting protein 1 (IER3IP1), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein mutated in an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder termed Microcephaly with simplified gyration, Epilepsy and permanent neonatal Diabetes Syndrome (MEDS) in humans. However, no immune function for IER3IP1 had previously been reported. The viable hypomorphic Ier3ip1 allele uncovered in this study, identical to a reported IER3IP1 variant in a MEDS patient, reveals an essential hematopoietic-intrinsic role for IER3IP1 in B cell development and function. We show that IER3IP1 forms a complex with the Golgi transmembrane protein 167A and limits activation of the unfolded protein response mediated by inositol-requiring enzyme-1α and X-box binding protein 1 in B cells. Our findings suggest that B cell deficiency may be a feature of MEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhong
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
| | - James J. Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
| | - Katie Keller
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
| | - Danielle Renee Lazaro
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
| | - Claire Ely
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
| | - Eva Marie Y. Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
| | - Jin Huk Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390-8505
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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22
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Meyer MA, Dinh HQ, Alimadadi A, Araujo DJ, Chatterjee N, Gutierrez NA, Zhu YP, Hunter EL, Liang S, Seumois G, Kiosses WB, Catz SD, Vijayanand P, Ottensmeier C, Hedrick CC. Human CD79b + neutrophils in the blood are associated with early-stage melanoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224045. [PMID: 38022639 PMCID: PMC10643866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Due to their abundance in the blood, low RNA content, and short lifespan, neutrophils have been classically considered to be one homogenous pool. However, recent work has found that mature neutrophils and neutrophil progenitors are composed of unique subsets exhibiting context-dependent functions. In this study, we ask if neutrophil heterogeneity is associated with melanoma incidence and/or disease stage. Experimental design Using mass cytometry, we profiled melanoma patient blood for unique cell surface markers among neutrophils. Markers were tested for their predictiveness using flow cytometry data and random forest machine learning. Results We identified CD79b+ neutrophils (CD3-CD56-CD19-Siglec8-CD203c-CD86LoCD66b+CD79b+) that are normally restricted to the bone marrow in healthy humans but appear in the blood of subjects with early-stage melanoma. Further, we found CD79b+ neutrophils present in tumors of subjects with head and neck cancer. AI-mediated machine learning analysis of neutrophils from subjects with melanoma confirmed that CD79b expression among peripheral blood neutrophils is highly important in identifying melanoma incidence. We noted that CD79b+ neutrophils possessed a neutrophilic appearance but have transcriptional and surface-marker phenotypes reminiscent of B cells. Compared to remaining blood neutrophils, CD79b+ neutrophils are primed for NETosis, express higher levels of antigen presentation-related proteins, and have an increased capacity for phagocytosis. Conclusion Our work suggests that CD79b+ neutrophils are associated with early-stage melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Meyer
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Araujo
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nandini Chatterjee
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Norma A. Gutierrez
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Hunter
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shu Liang
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William B. Kiosses
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sergio D. Catz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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23
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Sengupta A, Al-Otaibi N, Hinkula J. Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3111351. [PMID: 37881338 PMCID: PMC10597737 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccination has different implications on the immune response depending on the comorbidities. Diabetes is one such critical disease that increases the patient's susceptibility to influenza and suppresses vaccine efficacy and immunity. The sex of the individuals also plays a definitive role in the immune responses to both the vaccine and the infection. This study aims to understand the efficacy of the seasonal vaccine against influenza in diabetic groups and undergoing immune mechanisms in different sexes (females and males). In this study, we are reporting about a switching of the immune response of the infected and vaccinated diabetic females towards stronger Th1/Th17 responses with suppressed humoral immunity. They show increased cDC1, enhanced proinflammatory activities within T cells, CD8T activation, Th17 proliferation, and the majority of IgG2 antibody subtypes with reduced neutralization potential. Males with diabetes exhibit enhanced humoral Th2-immunity than the nondiabetic group. They exhibit higher cDC2, and DEC205 levels within them with an increase in plasma B lymphocytes, higher IgG1 subtypes in plasma cells, and influenza-hemagglutinin-specific IgG titer with stronger virus neutralization potential. Males with diabetes recovered better than the females as observed from the changes in their body weight. This study highlights the critical immune mechanisms and sex-specific swapping of their preferred immune response pathways against influenza after vaccination during diabetes. We propose a need for a sex-specific customized vaccine regimen to be implemented against influenza for individuals having diabetes to exploit the manifested strength and weakness in their protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Noha Al-Otaibi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyad 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorma Hinkula
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
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24
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Mamidi MK, Huang J, Honjo K, Li R, Tabengwa EM, Neeli I, Randall NL, Ponnuchetty MV, Radic M, Leu CM, Davis RS. FCRL1 immunoregulation in B cell development and malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251127. [PMID: 37822931 PMCID: PMC10562807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic targeting of surface regulatory proteins and pharmacologic inhibition of critical signaling pathways has dramatically shifted our approach to the care of individuals with B cell malignancies. This evolution in therapy reflects the central role of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling complex and its co-receptors in the pathogenesis of B lineage leukemias and lymphomas. Members of the Fc receptor-like gene family (FCRL1-6) encode cell surface receptors with complex tyrosine-based regulation that are preferentially expressed by B cells. Among them, FCRL1 expression peaks on naïve and memory B cells and is unique in terms of its intracellular co-activation potential. Recent studies in human and mouse models indicate that FCRL1 contributes to the formation of the BCR signalosome, modulates B cell signaling, and promotes humoral responses. Progress in understanding its regulatory properties, along with evidence for its over-expression by mature B cell leukemias and lymphomas, collectively imply important yet unmet opportunities for FCRL1 in B cell development and transformation. Here we review recent advances in FCRL1 biology and highlight its emerging significance as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K. Mamidi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jifeng Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Edlue M. Tabengwa
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Indira Neeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Nar’asha L. Randall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Manasa V. Ponnuchetty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marko Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming ChiaoTung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Randall S. Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Departments of Microbiology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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25
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Korzhenevich J, Janowska I, van der Burg M, Rizzi M. Human and mouse early B cell development: So similar but so different. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:1-12. [PMID: 37442242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Early B cell development in the bone marrow ensures the replenishment of the peripheral B cell pool. Immature B cells continuously develop from hematopoietic stem cells, in a process guided by an intricate network of transcription factors as well as chemokine and cytokine signals. Humans and mice possess somewhat similar regulatory mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis. The continuous discovery of monogenetic defects that impact early B cell development in humans substantiates the similarities and differences with B cell development in mice. These differences become relevant when targeted therapeutic approaches are used in patients; therefore, predicting potential immunological adverse events is crucial. In this review, we have provided a phenotypical classification of human and murine early progenitors and B cell stages, based on surface and intracellular protein expression. Further, we have critically compared the role of key transcription factors (Ikaros, E2A, EBF1, PAX5, and Aiolos) and chemo- or cytokine signals (FLT3, c-kit, IL-7R, and CXCR4) during homeostatic and aberrant B lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Korzhenevich
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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26
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Yabas M, Bostanci A, Aral S. ATP11C promotes the differentiation of pre-B cells into immature B cells but does not affect their IL-7-dependent proliferation. Immunol Res 2023; 71:609-616. [PMID: 36753036 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The P4-type ATPases are believed to function as flippases that contribute to the organization of the asymmetric aminophospholipid distribution on the plasma membranes of eukaryotes by their ability to internalize specific phospholipids from the outer leaflet to the inner leaflet. Despite the existence of 14 members of the P4-type ATPases in humans and 15 in mice, their roles in the immune system have not been fully understood. So far, ATP11C was shown to be important for B cells, and mice deficient for ATP11C had a developmental arrest at the pro-B to pre-B cell transition stage of B cell development. Using an ATP11C-deficient pre-B cell line generated through CRISPR/Cas9 engineering, we here tested the role of ATP11C in pre-B cells in vitro and showed that ablation of ATP11C in pre-B cells causes a defect in the flippase activity. We further demonstrated that loss of ATP11C does not impede the proliferation of pre-B cells in response to IL-7. However, pre-B cells lacking ATP11C failed to differentiate into immature B cells upon removal of IL-7. These results suggest that disruption of lipid asymmetry by loss of ATP11C in pre-B cells may control the switch from proliferation to differentiation in pre-B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yabas
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ayten Bostanci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Seda Aral
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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27
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Xu Z, Peng Q, Liu W, Demongeot J, Wei D. Antibody Dynamics Simulation-A Mathematical Exploration of Clonal Deletion and Somatic Hypermutation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2048. [PMID: 37509687 PMCID: PMC10377040 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have employed mathematical modeling techniques to construct a comprehensive framework for elucidating the intricate response mechanisms of the immune system, facilitating a deeper understanding of B-cell clonal deletion and somatic hypermutation. Our improved model introduces innovative mechanisms that shed light on positive and negative selection processes during T-cell and B-cell development. Notably, clonal deletion is attributed to the attenuated immune stimulation exerted by self-antigens with high binding affinities, rendering them less effective in eliciting subsequent B-cell maturation and differentiation. Secondly, our refined model places particular emphasis on the crucial role played by somatic hypermutation in modulating the immune system's functionality. Through extensive investigation, we have determined that somatic hypermutation not only expedites the production of highly specific antibodies pivotal in combating microbial infections but also serves as a regulatory mechanism to dampen autoimmunity and enhance self-tolerance within the organism. Lastly, our model advances the understanding of the implications of antibody in vivo evolution in the overall process of organismal aging. With the progression of time, the age-associated amplification of autoimmune activity becomes apparent. While somatic hypermutation effectively delays this process, mitigating the levels of autoimmune response, it falls short of reversing this trajectory entirely. In conclusion, our advanced mathematical model offers a comprehensive and scholarly approach to comprehend the intricacies of the immune system. By encompassing novel mechanisms for selection, emphasizing the functional role of somatic hypermutation, and illuminating the consequences of in vivo antibody evolution, our model expands the current understanding of immune responses and their implications in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Xu
- Department of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Qingzhi Peng
- Department of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jacques Demongeot
- Laboratory AGEIS EA 7407, Team Tools for e-Gnosis Medical, Faculty of Medicine, University Grenoble Alpes (UGA), 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Dongqing Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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28
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Guldenpfennig C, Teixeiro E, Daniels M. NF-kB's contribution to B cell fate decisions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214095. [PMID: 37533858 PMCID: PMC10391175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling is essential to an effective innate and adaptive immune response. Many immune-specific functional and developmental outcomes depend in large on NF-κB. The formidable task of sorting out the mechanisms behind the regulation and outcome of NF-κB signaling remains an important area of immunology research. Here we briefly discuss the role of NF-κB in regulating cell fate decisions at various times in the path of B cell development, activation, and the generation of long-term humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Guldenpfennig
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mark Daniels
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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29
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Chalise JP, Ehsani A, Lemecha M, Hung YW, Zhang G, Larson GP, Itakura K. ARID5B regulates fatty acid metabolism and proliferation at the Pre-B cell stage during B cell development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170475. [PMID: 37483604 PMCID: PMC10360657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
During B cell development in bone marrow, large precursor B cells (large Pre-B cells) proliferate rapidly, exit the cell cycle, and differentiate into non-proliferative (quiescent) small Pre-B cells. Dysregulation of this process may result in the failure to produce functional B cells and pose a risk of leukemic transformation. Here, we report that AT rich interacting domain 5B (ARID5B), a B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) risk gene, regulates B cell development at the Pre-B stage. In both mice and humans, we observed a significant upregulation of ARID5B expression that initiates at the Pre-B stage and is maintained throughout later stages of B cell development. In mice, deletion of Arid5b in vivo and ex vivo exhibited a significant reduction in the proportion of immature B cells but an increase in large and small Pre-B cells. Arid5b inhibition ex vivo also led to an increase in proliferation of both Pre-B cell populations. Metabolic studies in mouse and human bone marrow revealed that fatty acid uptake peaked in proliferative B cells then decreased during non-proliferative stages. We showed that Arid5b ablation enhanced fatty acid uptake and oxidation in Pre-B cells. Furthermore, decreased ARID5B expression was observed in tumor cells from B-ALL patients when compared to B cells from non-leukemic individuals. In B-ALL patients, ARID5B expression below the median was associated with decreased survival particularly in subtypes originating from Pre-B cells. Collectively, our data indicated that Arid5b regulates fatty acid metabolism and proliferation of Pre-B cells in mice, and reduced expression of ARID5B in humans is a risk factor for B cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prakash Chalise
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mengistu Lemecha
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yu-Wen Hung
- Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Garrett P. Larson
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Keiichi Itakura
- Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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30
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Vicente MM, Leite-Gomes E, Pinho SS. Glycome dynamics in T and B cell development: basic immunological mechanisms and clinical applications. Trends Immunol 2023:S1471-4906(23)00112-6. [PMID: 37407365 PMCID: PMC10394430 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycans cover the surfaces of all mammalian cells through a process called glycosylation. Nearly all proteins and receptors that integrate the intricate series of co-stimulatory/inhibitory pathways of the immune system are glycosylated. Growing evidence indicates that the development of the immune system at the origins of T and B cell development is tightly regulated by glycosylation. In this opinion, we hypothesize that the glycome composition of developing T and B cells is developmentally regulated. We discuss how glycans play fundamental roles in lymphocyte development and how glycans early define T and B cell functionality in multiple aspects of adaptive immunity. These advances can provide opportunities for the discovery of novel disease factors and more effective candidate treatments for various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Vicente
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Graduate Program in Areas of Applied and Basic Biology (GABBA), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Leite-Gomes
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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31
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Yazicioglu YF, Marin E, Sandhu C, Galiani S, Raza IGA, Ali M, Kronsteiner B, Compeer EB, Attar M, Dunachie SJ, Dustin ML, Clarke AJ. Dynamic mitochondrial transcription and translation in B cells control germinal center entry and lymphomagenesis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:991-1006. [PMID: 37095377 PMCID: PMC10232359 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) B cells undergo proliferation at very high rates in a hypoxic microenvironment but the cellular processes driving this are incompletely understood. Here we show that the mitochondria of GC B cells are highly dynamic, with significantly upregulated transcription and translation rates associated with the activity of transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM). TFAM, while also necessary for normal B cell development, is required for entry of activated GC precursor B cells into the germinal center reaction; deletion of Tfam significantly impairs GC formation, function and output. Loss of TFAM in B cells compromises the actin cytoskeleton and impairs cellular motility of GC B cells in response to chemokine signaling, leading to their spatial disorganization. We show that B cell lymphoma substantially increases mitochondrial translation and that deletion of Tfam in B cells is protective against the development of lymphoma in a c-Myc transgenic mouse model. Finally, we show that pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial transcription and translation inhibits growth of GC-derived human lymphoma cells and induces similar defects in the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eros Marin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ciaran Sandhu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvia Galiani
- Medical Research Centre Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iwan G A Raza
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ewoud B Compeer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Moustafa Attar
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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32
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Willett MJ, McNees C, Sharma S, Newen AM, Pfannenstiel D, Moyer T, Stephany D, Douagi I, Wang Q, Mayer CT. Peripheral death by neglect and limited clonal deletion during physiologic B lymphocyte development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542923. [PMID: 37502950 PMCID: PMC10370189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Autoreactive B cells generated during B cell development are inactivated by clonal deletion, receptor editing or anergy. Up to 97% of immature B cells appear to die before completing maturation, but the anatomic sites and reasons underlying this massive cell loss are not fully understood. Here, we directly quantitated apoptosis and clonal deletion during physiologic B lymphocyte development using Rosa26INDIA apoptosis indicator mice. Immature B cells displayed low levels of apoptosis in the bone marrow but started dying at high levels in the periphery upon release from bone marrow sinusoids into the blood circulation. Clonal deletion of self-reactive B cells was neither a major contributor to apoptosis in the bone marrow nor the periphery. Instead, most peripheral transitional 1 B cells did not encounter the signals required for positive selection into the mature B cell compartments. This study sheds new light on B cell development and suggests that receptor editing and/or anergy efficiently control most primary autoreactivity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikala JoAnn Willett
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher McNees
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sukriti Sharma
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Minh Newen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dylan Pfannenstiel
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Moyer
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Stephany
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iyadh Douagi
- Flow Cytometry Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China, 200032
| | - Christian Thomas Mayer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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33
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Schroeder HW. Editorial: A year in review: discussions in B cell biology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214494. [PMID: 37292218 PMCID: PMC10244761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
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34
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Tang J, Yang L, Guan F, Miller H, Camara NOS, James LK, Benlagha K, Kubo M, Heegaard S, Lee P, Lei J, Zeng H, He C, Zhai Z, Liu C. The role of Raptor in lymphocytes differentiation and function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146628. [PMID: 37283744 PMCID: PMC10239924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Raptor, a key component of mTORC1, is required for recruiting substrates to mTORC1 and contributing to its subcellular localization. Raptor has a highly conserved N-terminus domain and seven WD40 repeats, which interact with mTOR and other mTORC1-related proteins. mTORC1 participates in various cellular events and mediates differentiation and metabolism. Directly or indirectly, many factors mediate the differentiation and function of lymphocytes that is essential for immunity. In this review, we summarize the role of Raptor in lymphocytes differentiation and function, whereby Raptor mediates the secretion of cytokines to induce early lymphocyte metabolism, development, proliferation and migration. Additionally, Raptor regulates the function of lymphocytes by regulating their steady-state maintenance and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Louisa K. James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), Rikagaku Kenkyusho, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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35
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Li D, Li L, Yao H, Su Q, Ye J. Thallium exposure induces changes in B and T cell generation in mice. Toxicology 2023; 492:153532. [PMID: 37141935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is a high-priority toxic metal that poses a severe threat to human health. The toxicity characteristics induced by Tl have been partially discussed. However, the immunotoxic effects of Tl exposure have remained largely unexplored. Our findings demonstrated that 50 ppm of Tl exposure for one week induced severe weight loss in mice, which was accompanied by appetite suppression. Moreover, although Tl exposure did not induce significant pathological damage to skeletal muscle and bone, Tl inhibited the expression of B cell development-related genes in the bone marrow. Additionally, Tl exposure increased B cell apoptosis and reduced its generation in the bone marrow. Analysis of B cells in the blood indicated that the percentage of B-2 cells decreased significantly, whereas B-2 cell proportions in the spleen did not. The percentage of CD4+ T cells in the thymus increased significantly, and the proportion of CD8+ T cells did not. Furthermore, although the proportion of the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was not significantly altered in the blood and spleen, Tl exposure promoted the migration of naïve CD4+ T cells and recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) from the thymus to the spleen. These results suggest that Tl exposure can affect B and T cell generation and migration, which provides new evidence for Tl-induced immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lincai Li
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of biomaterials and biofabrication in tissue engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huan Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Junsong Ye
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of biomaterials and biofabrication in tissue engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
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36
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Kobayashi M, Yoshimoto M. Multiple waves of fetal-derived immune cells constitute adult immune system. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:11-30. [PMID: 36929134 PMCID: PMC10754384 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been over three decades since Drs. Herzenberg and Herzenberg proposed the layered immune system hypothesis, suggesting that different types of stem cells with distinct hematopoietic potential produce specific immune cells. This layering of immune system development is now supported by recent studies showing the presence of fetal-derived immune cells that function in adults. It has been shown that various immune cells arise at different embryonic ages via multiple waves of hematopoiesis from special endothelial cells (ECs), referred to as hemogenic ECs. However, it remains unknown whether these fetal-derived immune cells are produced by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during the fetal to neonatal period. To address this question, many advanced tools have been used, including lineage-tracing mouse models, cellular barcoding techniques, clonal assays, and transplantation assays at the single-cell level. In this review, we will review the history of the search for the origins of HSCs, B-1a progenitors, and mast cells in the mouse embryo. HSCs can produce both B-1a and mast cells within a very limited time window, and this ability declines after embryonic day (E) 14.5. Furthermore, the latest data have revealed that HSC-independent adaptive immune cells exist in adult mice, which implies more complicated developmental pathways of immune cells. We propose revised road maps of immune cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kobayashi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Momoko Yoshimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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37
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Zheng Y, Yu M, Chen Y, Xue L, Zhu W, Fu G, Morris SW, Wen R, Wang D. CARD19, a Novel Regulator of the TAK1/NF-κB Pathway in Self-Reactive B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1222-1235. [PMID: 36961449 PMCID: PMC10156913 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain family member (CARD)11-Bcl10-Malt1 signalosome controls TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation and regulates BCR-induced NF-κB activation. In this study, we discovered that CARD19 interacted with TAK1 and inhibited TAB2-mediated TAK1 ubiquitination and activation. Although CARD19 deficiency in mice did not affect B cell development, it enhanced clonal deletion, receptor editing, and anergy of self-reactive B cells, and it reduced autoantibody production. Mechanistically, CARD19 deficiency increased BCR/TAK1-mediated NF-κB activation, leading to increased expression of transcription factors Egr2/3, as well as the E3 ubiquitin ligases c-Cbl/Cbl-b, which are known inducers of B cell tolerance in self-reactive B cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that although CARD19 deficiency did not affect the overall Ag-induced gene expression in naive B cells, it suppressed BCR signaling and increased hyporesponsiveness of self-reactive B cells. As a result, CARD19 deficiency prevented Bm12-induced experimental systemic lupus erythematosus. In summary, CARD19 negatively regulates BCR/TAK1-induced NF-κB activation and its deficiency increases Egr2/3 and c-Cbl/Cbl-b expression in self-reactive B cells, thereby enhancing B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei Yu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Wen Zhu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Guoping Fu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Renren Wen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Demin Wang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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38
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Maheshwari S, Dwyer LJ, Sîrbulescu RF. Inflammation and immunomodulation in central nervous system injury - B cells as a novel therapeutic opportunity. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106077. [PMID: 36914074 PMCID: PMC10758988 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute injury to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a complex and challenging clinical need. CNS injury initiates a dynamic neuroinflammatory response, mediated by both resident and infiltrating immune cells. Following the primary injury, dysregulated inflammatory cascades have been implicated in sustaining a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, driving secondary neurodegeneration and the development of lasting neurological dysfunction. Due to the multifaceted nature of CNS injury, clinically effective therapies for conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and stroke have proven challenging to develop. No therapeutics that adequately address the chronic inflammatory component of secondary CNS injury are currently available. Recently, B lymphocytes have gained increasing appreciation for their role in maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses in the context of tissue injury. Here we review the neuroinflammatory response to CNS injury with particular focus on the underexplored role of B cells and summarize recent results on the use of purified B lymphocytes as a novel immunomodulatory therapeutic for tissue injury, particularly in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Maheshwari
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liam J Dwyer
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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39
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Luo L, Duan C, Shen J, Wang Z. Application of germline antibody features to vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization and disease diagnosis. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108143. [PMID: 37023966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the efficacy and commercial success of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies have been tremendous, designing and discovering new drug candidates remains a labor-, time- and cost-intensive endeavor with high risks. The main challenges of vaccine development are inducing a strong immune response in broad populations and providing effective prevention against a group of highly variable pathogens. Meanwhile, antibody discovery faces several great obstacles, especially the blindness in antibody screening and the unpredictability of the developability and druggability of antibody drugs. These challenges are largely due to poorly understanding of germline antibodies and the antibody responses to pathogen invasions. Thanks to the recent developments in high-throughput sequencing and structural biology, we have gained insight into the germline immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and germline antibodies and then the germline antibody features associated with antigens and disease manifestation. In this review, we firstly outline the broad associations between germline antibodies and antigens. Moreover, we comprehensively review the recent applications of antigen-specific germline antibody features, physicochemical properties-associated germline antibody features, and disease manifestation-associated germline antibody features on vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization, and disease diagnosis. Lastly, we discuss the bottlenecks and perspectives of current and potential applications of germline antibody features in the biotechnology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfei Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Zhang Y, Cui D, Huang M, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Chen L, Chen Q. NONO regulates B-cell development and B-cell receptor signaling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22862. [PMID: 36906291 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201909rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The paraspeckle protein NONO is a multifunctional nuclear protein participating in the regulation of transcriptional regulation, mRNA splicing and DNA repair. However, whether NONO plays a role in lymphopoiesis is not known. In this study, we generated mice with global deletion of NONO and bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice in which NONO is deleted in all of mature B cells. We found that the global deletion of NONO in mice did not affect T-cell development but impaired early B-cell development in BM at pro- to pre-B-cell transition stage and B-cell maturation in the spleen. Studies of BM chimeric mice demonstrated that the impaired B-cell development in NONO-deficient mice is B-cell-intrinsic. NONO-deficient B cells displayed normal BCR-induced cell proliferation but increased BCR-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, we found that NONO deficiency impaired BCR-induced activation of ERK, AKT, and NF-κB pathways in B cells, and altered BCR-induced gene expression profile. Thus, NONO plays a critical role in B-cell development and BCR-induced B-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongya Cui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miaohui Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Guangzhou Bio-Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baijiao Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
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Yu X, Li T, Shen Z, Jing H, Xie X, Zhou X, Shen Y, Yang Y. The establishment of B cell-deficient Igh-J KO mouse model by gene editing and efficacy evaluation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109704. [PMID: 36689847 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, immunotherapy has made significant progress in treating various cancers with therapeutic antibodies. However, therapeutic antibodies have been validated for inducing an unintended immune response in human and animal models, which leads to the emergence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) and affects their effectiveness and safety. In preclinical research, ADAs production by B cells may accelerate antibody metabolism and result in missing potential candidate molecules. Thus, it is urgent to develop preclinical models that remove only B cells without affecting the function of T and NK cells. Rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain J gene fragment (Igh-J) is the first link in B cell development, and immunotherapies are currently leaning toward combination treatments with PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, here we created humanized PD-1, PD-L1 and Igh-J knockout (hPD-1/hPD-L1, Igh-J KO) mice and validated by using the reported high immunogenicity drug M7824 (a protein designed to simultaneously block PD-L1 and TGF-β pathways, poorly anti-tumor efficacy in immunocompetent mice). Phenotypic analysis revealed that human PD-1 and PD-L1 were detectable in hPD-1/hPD-L1, Igh-J KO mice, but not mouse IgM and IgD. Igh-J KO depleted B cells while increased the percentage of other immune cell types. Meanwhile, the humanization of PD-1/PD-L1 and Igh-J KO had neither effect on the overall development, differentiation, or distribution of T cell subtypes, nor on the activation of NK and T cells, indicating that mice can be used for T and NK-related immunotherapies. Furthermore, M7824 treatment of these B cell-deficient mice inhibited tumor growth significantly, with higher M7824 analog concentrations and lower ADA-positive rates. These findings demonstrate that Igh-J KO mice are an effective and stable preclinical model for testing drugs based on T and NK cells with high immunogenicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Yu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Jing
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulong Xie
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelei Shen
- Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, People's Republic of China; Joint Graduate School, Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226133, People's Republic of China; Institute of Innovative Medicine, Biocytogen Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing 102609, People's Republic of China.
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Tikka C, Beasley L, Xu C, Yang J, Cooper S, Lechner J, Gutch S, Kaplan MH, Capitano M, Yang K. BATF sustains homeostasis and functionality of bone marrow Treg cells to preserve homeostatic regulation of hematopoiesis and development of B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1026368. [PMID: 36911703 PMCID: PMC9992736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1026368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow Treg cells (BM Tregs) orchestrate stem cell niches crucial for hematopoiesis. Yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing BM Treg homeostasis and function. Here we report that the transcription factor BATF maintains homeostasis and functionality of BM Tregs to facilitate homeostatic regulation of hematopoiesis and B cell development. Treg-specific ablation of BATF profoundly compromised proportions of BM Tregs associated with reduced expression of Treg effector molecules, including CD44, ICOS, KLRG1, and TIGIT. Moreover, BATF deficiency in Tregs led to increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitors (MPPs), and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs), while reducing the functionality of myeloid progenitors and the generation of common lymphoid progenitors. Furthermore, Tregs lacking BATF failed to support the development of B cells in the BM. Mechanistically, BATF mediated IL-7 signaling to promote expression of effector molecules on BM Tregs and their homeostasis. Our studies reveal a previously unappreciated role for BATF in sustaining BM Treg homeostasis and function to ensure hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsay Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chengxian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Lechner
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sarah Gutch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Das Gupta D, Lohoff M. Puppet masters of B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The preB cell receptor and the interleukin 7 receptor α. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250093. [PMID: 36805963 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is enriched for a preB cell phenotype, hinting at a specific vulnerability of this cell stage. Two signaling pathways via the preB cell receptor (preBCR) and the interleukin 7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) chain govern the balance between differentiation and proliferation at this stage and both receptor pathways are routinely altered in human BCP-ALL. Here, we review the immunobiology of both the preBCR as well as the IL-7Rα and analyze the human BCP-ALL spectrum in the light of these signaling complexes. Finally, we present a terminology for preBCR signaling modules that distinguishes a pro-proliferative "phase-I" module from a pro-differentiative "phase-II" module. This terminology might serve as a framework to better address shared oncogenic mechanics of preB cell stage BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Das Gupta
- Institute for Medical Microbiology & Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology & Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Hsu ML, Zouali M. Inflammasome is a central player in B cell development and homing. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/2/e202201700. [PMID: 36450446 PMCID: PMC9713303 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) 3 pathway in innate immunity has been extensively studied, little attention has been paid to its contribution to adaptive immunity. Studies in animal models and human subjects have shown the contribution of NLRP3 to the T cell compartment, and its role in B lymphocyte functions has been proposed. Here, we report that ablation of nlrp3 in mice led to altered B cell development in the bone marrow, and distorted expression of B cell subsets that play innate-like functions, that is, marginal zone B cells in the spleen and B-1a cells in the peritoneal cavity. Mechanistically, in the absence of NLRP3 expression, the transcription factor IRF4, previously found to interact with NLRP3 in the nucleus of lymphocytes, was up-regulated. NLRP3 ablation reduced the expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 in an IRF4-dependent manner, indicating that the presence of NLRP3 is critical for optimal expression of chemokine receptors on B cells. We conclude that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in B cell development, homing, and retention in lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Moncef Zouali
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lacroix M, Beauchemin H, Khandanpour C, Möröy T. The RNA helicase DDX3 and its role in c-MYC driven germinal center-derived B-cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148936. [PMID: 37035206 PMCID: PMC10081492 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DDX3X is an RNA helicase with many functions in RNA metabolism such as mRNA translation, alternative pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA stability, but also plays a role as a regulator of transcription as well as in the Wnt/beta-catenin- and Nf-κB signaling pathways. The gene encoding DDX3X is located on the X-chromosome, but escapes X-inactivation. Hence females have two active copies and males only one. However, the Y chromosome contains the gene for the male DDX3 homologue, called DDX3Y, which has a very high sequence similarity and functional redundancy with DDX3X, but shows a more restricted protein expression pattern than DDX3X. High throughput sequencing of germinal center (GC)-derived B-cell malignancies such as Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples showed a high frequency of loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the DDX3X gene revealing several features that distinguish this gene from others. First, DDX3X mutations occur with high frequency particularly in those GC-derived B-cell lymphomas that also show translocations of the c-MYC proto-oncogene, which occurs in almost all BL and a subset of DLBCL. Second, DDX3X LOF mutations occur almost exclusively in males and is very rarely found in females. Third, mutations in the male homologue DDX3Y have never been found in any type of malignancy. Studies with human primary GC B cells from male donors showed that a loss of DDX3X function helps the initial process of B-cell lymphomagenesis by buffering the proteotoxic stress induced by c-MYC activation. However, full lymphomagenesis requires DDX3 activity since an upregulation of DDX3Y expression is invariably found in GC derived B-cell lymphoma with DDX3X LOF mutation. Other studies with male transgenic mice that lack Ddx3x, but constitutively express activated c-Myc transgenes in B cells and are therefore prone to develop B-cell malignancies, also showed upregulation of the DDX3Y protein expression during the process of lymphomagenesis. Since DDX3Y is not expressed in normal human cells, these data suggest that DDX3Y may represent a new cancer cell specific target to develop adjuvant therapies for male patients with BL and DLBCL and LOF mutations in the DDX3X gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lacroix
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Beauchemin
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tarik Möröy, ; Cyrus Khandanpour,
| | - Tarik Möröy
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, IRCM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tarik Möröy, ; Cyrus Khandanpour,
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Single cell multi-omic reference atlases of non-human primate immune tissues reveals CD102 as a biomarker for long-lived plasma cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1399. [PMID: 36543997 PMCID: PMC9770566 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection or immunization, antibodies are produced that provide protection against re-exposure with the same pathogen. These antibodies can persist at high titers for decades and are maintained by bone marrow-resident long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). However, the durability of antibody responses to immunization varies amongst vaccines. It is unknown what factors contribute to the differential longevity of serum antibody responses and whether heterogeneity in LLPC contributes to this phenomenon. While LLPC differentiation has been studied extensively in mice, little is known about this population in humans or non-human primates (NHP). Here, we use multi-omic single-cell profiling to identify and characterize the LLPC compartment in NHP. We identify LLPC biomarkers including the marker CD102 and show that CD102 in combination with CD31 identifies LLPC in NHP bone marrow. Additionally, we find that CD102 is expressed by LLPC in mouse and humans. These results further our understanding of the LLPC compartment in NHP, identify biomarkers of LLPC, and provide tissue-specific single cell references for future studies.
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Rizzello C, Cancila V, Sangaletti S, Botti L, Ratti C, Milani M, Dugo M, Bertoni F, Tripodo C, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP. Intracellular osteopontin protects from autoimmunity-driven lymphoma development inhibiting TLR9-MYD88-STAT3 signaling. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:215. [PMID: 36503430 PMCID: PMC9743519 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune disorders, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), are associated with increased incidence of hematological malignancies. The matricellular protein osteopontin (OPN) has been linked to SLE pathogenesis, as SLE patients show increased serum levels of OPN and often polymorphisms in its gene. Although widely studied for its pro-tumorigenic role in different solid tumours, the role of OPN in autoimmunity-driven lymphomagenesis has not been investigated yet. METHODS To test the role of OPN in the SLE-associated lymphomagenesis, the SLE-like prone Faslpr/lpr mutation was transferred onto an OPN-deficient background. Spleen from Faslpr/lpr and OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr mice, as well as purified B cells, were analysed by histopathology, flow cytometry, Western Blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and gene expression profile to define lymphoma characteristics and investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the observed phenotype. OPN cellular localization in primary splenic B cells and mouse and human DLBCL cell lines was assessed by confocal microscopy. Finally, gain of function experiments, by stable over-expression of the secreted (sOPN) and intracellular OPN (iOPN) in OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr -derived DLBCL cell lines, were performed for further validation experiments. RESULTS Despite reduced autoimmunity signs, OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr mice developed splenic lymphomas with higher incidence than Faslpr/lpr counterparts. In situ and ex vivo analysis featured such tumours as activated type of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), expressing BCL2 and c-MYC, but not BCL6, with activated STAT3 signaling. OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr B lymphocytes showed an enhanced TLR9-MYD88 signaling pathway, either at baseline or after stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides, which mimic dsDNA circulating in autoimmune conditions. B cells from Faslpr/lpr mice were found to express the intracellular form of OPN. Accordingly, gene transfer-mediated re-expression of iOPN, but not of its secreted isoform, into ABC-DLBCL cell lines established from OPN-/-Faslpr/lpr mice, prevented CpG-mediated activation of STAT3, suggesting that the intracellular form of OPN may represent a brake to TLR9 signaling pathway activation. CONCLUSION These data indicate that, in the setting of SLE-like syndrome in which double strand-DNA chronically circulates and activates TLRs, B cell intracellular OPN exerts a protective role in autoimmunity-driven DLBCL development, mainly acting as a brake in the TLR9-MYD88-STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Rizzello
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ratti
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Milani
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy ,grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- grid.29078.340000 0001 2203 2861Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via F. Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland ,grid.419922.5Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedialiero Cantonale, Via A. Gallino 12, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy ,grid.7678.e0000 0004 1757 7797FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Single-cell genomics identifies distinct B1 cell developmental pathways and reveals aging-related changes in the B-cell receptor repertoire. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:57. [PMID: 35526067 PMCID: PMC9080186 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B1 cells are self-renewing innate-like B lymphocytes that provide the first line of defense against pathogens. B1 cells primarily reside in the peritoneal cavity and are known to originate from various fetal tissues, yet their developmental pathways and the mechanisms underlying maintenance of B1 cells throughout adulthood remain unclear. Results We performed high-throughput single-cell analysis of the transcriptomes and B-cell receptor repertoires of peritoneal B cells of neonates, young adults, and elderly mice. Gene expression analysis of 31,718 peritoneal B cells showed that the neonate peritoneal cavity contained many B1 progenitors, and neonate B cell specific clustering revealed two trajectories of peritoneal B1 cell development, including pre-BCR dependent and pre-BCR independent pathways. We also detected profound age-related changes in B1 cell transcriptomes: clear difference in senescence genetic program was evident in differentially aged B1 cells, and we found an example that a B1 subset only present in the oldest mice was marked by expression of the fatty-acid receptor CD36. We also performed antibody gene sequencing of 15,967 peritoneal B cells from the three age groups and discovered that B1 cell aging was associated with clonal expansion and two B1 cell clones expanded in the aged mice had the same CDR-H3 sequence (AGDYDGYWYFDV) as a pathogenically linked cell type from a recent study of an atherosclerosis mouse model. Conclusions Beyond offering an unprecedent data resource to explore the cell-to-cell variation in B cells, our study has revealed that B1 precursor subsets are present in the neonate peritoneal cavity and dissected the developmental pathway of the precursor cells. Besides, this study has found the expression of CD36 on the B1 cells in the aged mice. And the single-cell B-cell receptor sequencing reveals B1 cell aging is associated with clonal expansion. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00795-6.
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Christian SL. CD24 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Patients with B-Cell Leukemia and Lymphoma: Current Insights. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1391-1402. [PMID: 36425299 PMCID: PMC9680537 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s366625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a highly glycosylated glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that is expressed in many types of differentiating cells and some mature cells of the immune system as well as the central nervous system. CD24 has been extensively used as a biomarker for developing B cells as its expression levels change over the course of B cell development. Functionally, engagement of CD24 induces apoptosis in developing B cells and restricts cell growth in more mature cell types. Interestingly, CD24 is also expressed on many hematological and solid tumors. As such, it has been investigated as a therapeutic target in many solid tumors including ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, lung and others. Most of the B-cell leukemias and lymphomas studied to date express CD24 but its role as a therapeutic target in these malignancies has, thus far, been understudied. Here, I review what is known about CD24 biology with a focus on B cell development and activation followed by a brief overview of how CD24 is being targeted in solid tumors. This is followed by an assessment of the value of CD24 as a therapeutic target in B cell leukemia and lymphoma in humans, including an evaluation of the challenges in using CD24 as a target considering its pattern of expression on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
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50
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Aysola V, Abd C, Kuo AH, Gupta N. Ezrin Promotes Antigen Receptor Diversity during B Cell Development by Supporting Ig H Chain Variable Gene Recombination. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:722-729. [DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genome-level rearrangements of Ig genes during B cell development are critical for generation of a diverse repertoire of BCRs that bind to a multitude of foreign Ags and some self Ags. Bone marrow B cell development involves a variety of cell–cell interactions, cell migration, and receptor signaling that likely benefit from the activity of membrane-cytoskeletal reorganizing proteins. However, the specific contribution of such proteins toward BCR repertoire diversification is poorly understood. Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeletal linker protein that regulates mature B cell activation through spatial organization of the BCR. We employed next-generation sequencing to investigate whether Ezrin plays a role in IgH rearrangements and generation of BCR diversity in developing bone marrow B cells. BCR repertoire development occurred stochastically in B cell progenitors from both control and B cell conditional Ezrin-deficient mice. However, the loss of Ezrin resulted in fewer unique CDRs (CDR3s) in the BCRs and reduced Shannon entropy. Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells revealed similar utilization of joining (J) genes but significantly fewer variable (V) genes, thereby decreasing V-J combinatorial diversity. V-J junctional diversity, measured by CDR3 length and nucleotide additions and deletions, was not altered in Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells. Mechanistically, Ezrin-deficient cells showed a marked decrease in RAG1 gene expression, indicating a less efficient DNA recombination machinery. Overall, our results demonstrate that Ezrin shapes the BCR repertoire through combinatorial diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Aysola
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christina Abd
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alexander H. Kuo
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Neetu Gupta
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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