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Zhang H, Liu J, Yuan W, Zhang Q, Luo X, Li Y, Peng Y, Feng J, Liu X, Chen J, Zhou Y, Lv J, Zhou N, Ma J, Tang K, Huang B. Ammonia-induced lysosomal and mitochondrial damage causes cell death of effector CD8 + T cells. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1892-1902. [PMID: 39261719 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia is thought to be a cytotoxin and its increase in the blood impairs cell function. However, whether and how this toxin triggers cell death under pathophysiological conditions remains unclear. Here we show that ammonia induces a distinct form of cell death in effector T cells. We found that rapidly proliferating T cells use glutaminolysis to release ammonia in the mitochondria, which is then translocated to and stored in the lysosomes. Excessive ammonia accumulation increases lysosomal pH and results in the termination of lysosomal ammonia storage and ammonia reflux into mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial damage and cell death, which is characterized by lysosomal alkalization, mitochondrial swelling and impaired autophagic flux. Inhibition of glutaminolysis or blocking lysosomal alkalization prevents ammonia-induced T cell death and improves T cell-based antitumour immunotherapy. These findings identify a distinct form of cell death that differs from previously known mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue'e Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Li W, Yang Y, Zhuo F, Liu S, Zhang K, Zhang W, Huang C, Yu B. Paxbp1 is indispensable for the maintenance of peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis. Immunology 2024; 172:641-652. [PMID: 38750609 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and condition of the peripheral CD4 T cell population determine the capacity of the immune response. Under homeostatic conditions, the size of the peripheral CD4 T cell population is maintained through turnover and survival. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we observed a significant decrease in the percentage of CD4 T cells in the periphery following the targeted deletion of the Paxbp1 gene in mouse T cells. In the absence of Paxbp1, naïve CD4 T cells displayed reduced surface interleukin-7 receptor levels and a decreased capacity to respond to survival signals mediated by interleukin-7. In addition, naïve CD4 T cells deficient in Paxbp1 demonstrated impaired T cell antigen receptor signalling, compromised cell cycle entry, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis following stimulation, all of which contributed to the reduction in the number of peripheral CD4 T cells. Therefore, our study highlights the indispensable role of Paxbp1 in maintaining peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Zhuo
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Li M, Cao S, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang Y. A PDA-Functionalized 3D Lung Scaffold Bioplatform to Construct Complicated Breast Tumor Microenvironment for Anticancer Drug Screening and Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302855. [PMID: 37424037 PMCID: PMC10502821 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
2D cell culture occupies an important place in cancer progression and drug discovery research. However, it limitedly models the "true biology" of tumors in vivo. 3D tumor culture systems can better mimic tumor characteristics for anticancer drug discovery but still maintain great challenges. Herein, polydopamine (PDA)-modified decellularized lung scaffolds are designed and can serve as a functional biosystem to study tumor progression and anticancer drug screening, as well as mimic the tumor microenvironment. PDA-modified scaffolds with strong hydrophilicity and excellent cell compatibility can promote cell growth and proliferation. After 96 h treatment with 5-FU, cisplatin, and DOX, higher survival rates in PDA-modified scaffolds are observed compared to nonmodified scaffolds and 2D systems. The E-cadhesion formation, HIF-1α-mediated senescence decrease, and tumor stemness enhancement can drive drug resistance and antitumor drug screening of breast cancer cells. Moreover, there is a higher survival rate of CD45+ /CD3+ /CD4+ /CD8+ T cells in PDA-modified scaffolds for potential cancer immunotherapy drug screening. This PDA-modified tumor bioplatform will supply some promising information for studying tumor progression, overcoming tumor resistance, and screening tumor immunotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanheng Zhang
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospitaland College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang471003China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospitaland College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang471003China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Shucheng Cao
- Department of Quantitative Life SciencesMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecH3A 0G4Canada
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of PediatricsShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200080China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospitaland College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang471003China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ RepairSchool of MedicineShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
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Lau LS, Mohammed NBB, Dimitroff CJ. Decoding Strategies to Evade Immunoregulators Galectin-1, -3, and -9 and Their Ligands as Novel Therapeutics in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15554. [PMID: 36555198 PMCID: PMC9778980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of ß-galactoside-binding proteins that play a variety of roles in normal physiology. In cancer, their expression levels are typically elevated and often associated with poor prognosis. They are known to fuel a variety of cancer progression pathways through their glycan-binding interactions with cancer, stromal, and immune cell surfaces. Of the 15 galectins in mammals, galectin (Gal)-1, -3, and -9 are particularly notable for their critical roles in tumor immune escape. While these galectins play integral roles in promoting cancer progression, they are also instrumental in regulating the survival, differentiation, and function of anti-tumor T cells that compromise anti-tumor immunity and weaken novel immunotherapies. To this end, there has been a surge in the development of new strategies to inhibit their pro-malignancy characteristics, particularly in reversing tumor immunosuppression through galectin-glycan ligand-targeting methods. This review examines some new approaches to evading Gal-1, -3, and -9-ligand interactions to interfere with their tumor-promoting and immunoregulating activities. Whether using neutralizing antibodies, synthetic peptides, glyco-metabolic modifiers, competitive inhibitors, vaccines, gene editing, exo-glycan modification, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, these methods offer new hope of synergizing their inhibitory effects with current immunotherapeutic methods and yielding highly effective, durable responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Seng Lau
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Norhan B. B. Mohammed
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute at FIU, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Harabuchi S, Khan O, Bassiri H, Yoshida T, Okada Y, Takizawa M, Ikeda O, Katada A, Kambayashi T. Manipulation of diacylglycerol and ERK-mediated signaling differentially controls CD8 + T cell responses during chronic viral infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032113. [PMID: 36846018 PMCID: PMC9951774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Activation of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling is critical for clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells. However, the effects of augmenting TCR signaling during chronic antigen exposure is less understood. Here, we investigated the role of diacylglycerol (DAG)-mediated signaling downstream of the TCR during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV CL13) infection by blocking DAG kinase zeta (DGKζ), a negative regulator of DAG. Methods We examined the activation, survival, expansion, and phenotype of virus-specific T cell in the acute and chronic phases of LCMV CL13-infected in mice after DGKζ blockade or selective activation of ERK. Results Upon LCMV CL13 infection, DGKζ deficiency promoted early short-lived effector cell (SLEC) differentiation of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells, but this was followed by abrupt cell death. Short-term inhibition of DGKζ with ASP1570, a DGKζ-selective pharmacological inhibitor, augmented CD8+ T cell activation without causing cell death, which reduced virus titers both in the acute and chronic phases of LCMV CL13 infection. Unexpectedly, the selective enhancement of ERK, one key signaling pathway downstream of DAG, lowered viral titers and promoted expansion, survival, and a memory phenotype of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells in the acute phase with fewer exhausted T cells in the chronic phase. The difference seen between DGKζ deficiency and selective ERK enhancement could be potentially explained by the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway by DGKζ deficiency, since the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin rescued the abrupt cell death seen in virus-specific DGKζ KO CD8+ T cells. Discussion Thus, while ERK is downstream of DAG signaling, the two pathways lead to distinct outcomes in the context of chronic CD8+ T cell activation, whereby DAG promotes SLEC differentiation and ERK promotes a memory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Harabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hamid Bassiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Immuno-Oncology, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Immuno-Oncology, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Takizawa
- Research Program Management-Applied Research Management, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ikeda
- Immuno-Oncology, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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Bai Z, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Xiong J, Lan H, Wang F. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer: The Fundamental Indication and Application on Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808964. [PMID: 35095898 PMCID: PMC8795622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients, bringing renewed attention to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of various cancer types. Immune checkpoint blockade is effective in patients with mismatched repair defects and high microsatellite instability (dMMR-MSI-H) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), leading the FDA to accelerate the approval of two programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, for treatment of dMMR-MSI-H cancers. In contrast, patients with proficient mismatch repair and low levels of microsatellite stability or microsatellite instability (pMMR-MSI-L/MSS) typically have low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and have shown unsatisfied responses to the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Different TILs environments reflect different responses to immunotherapy, highlighting the complexity of the underlying tumor-immune interaction. Profiling of TILs fundamental Indication would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer-immune evasion, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize phenotypic diversities of TILs and their connections with prognosis in CRC and provide insights into the subsets-specific nature of TILs with different MSI status. We also discuss current clinical immunotherapy approaches based on TILs as well as promising directions for future expansion, and highlight existing clinical data supporting its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zifan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jialong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Li R, Romerio F. An In Vitro System to Model the Establishment and Reactivation of HIV-1 Latency in Primary Human CD4+ T Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2407:31-43. [PMID: 34985655 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 establishes latency primarily by infecting activated CD4+ T cells that later return to quiescence as memory cells. Latency allows HIV-1 to evade immune responses and to persist during antiretroviral therapy, which represents an important problem in clinical practice. Here we describe both the original and a simplified version of HIV-1 latency models that mimics this process using replication competent viruses. Our model allows generation of large numbers of latently infected CD4+ T cell to dissect molecular mechanisms of HIV latency and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Romerio
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Kifle ZD. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19: A review. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100116. [PMID: 34345815 PMCID: PMC8318668 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China which is a new pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 that has greatly affected the whole world. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are drugs that are used for the management of cancer, and are being repurposed for COVID-19. BTK regulates macrophage and B cell activation, development, survival, and signaling. Inhibition of BTK has revealed an ameliorative effect on lung injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Thus, this review aimed to summarize evidence regarding the role of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors against COVID-19. To include findings from diverse studies, publications related to BTK inhibitors and Covid-19 were searched from the databases such as SCOPUS, Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier, using English key terms. Both experimental and clinical studies suggest that targeting excessive host inflammation with a BTK inhibitor is a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Currently, BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib have shown a protective effect against pulmonary injury in a small series group of COVID-19 infected patients. Small molecule inhibitors like BTK inhibitors, targeting a wide range of pro-inflammatory singling pathways, may a key role in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemene Demelash Kifle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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9
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ElTanbouly MA, Noelle RJ. Rethinking peripheral T cell tolerance: checkpoints across a T cell's journey. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:257-267. [PMID: 33077935 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of checkpoints that regulate the quality and magnitude of T cell-mediated immunity, known as tolerance checkpoints. In this Perspective, we discuss the mediators and networks that control the six main peripheral tolerance checkpoints throughout the life of a T cell: quiescence, ignorance, anergy, exhaustion, senescence and death. At the naive T cell stage, two intrinsic checkpoints that actively maintain tolerance are quiescence and ignorance. In the presence of co-stimulation-deficient T cell activation, anergy is a dominant hallmark that mandates T cell unresponsiveness. When T cells are successfully stimulated and reach the effector stage, exhaustion and senescence can limit excessive inflammation and prevent immunopathology. At every stage of the T cell's journey, cell death exists as a checkpoint to limit clonal expansion and to terminate unrestrained responses. Here, we compare and contrast the T cell tolerance checkpoints and discuss their specific roles, with the aim of providing an integrated view of T cell peripheral tolerance and fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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10
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T cells: a dedicated effector kinase pathways for every trait? Biochem J 2021; 478:1303-1307. [PMID: 33755101 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways play critical roles in regulating the activation of T cells. Recognition of foreign peptide presented by MHC to the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers a signaling cascade of proximal kinases and adapter molecules that lead to the activation of Effector kinase pathways. These effector kinase pathways play pivotal roles in T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. RNA sequencing-based methods have provided insights into the gene expression programs that support the above-mentioned cell biological responses. The proteome is often overlooked. A recent study by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79-98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] focuses on characterizing the effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on the remodeling of the proteome of activated CD8+ T cells using Mass spectrometric analysis. Surprisingly, the Effector kinase ERK pathway is responsible for only a select proportion of the proteome that restructures during T cell activation. The primary targets of ERK signaling are transcription factors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors. In this commentary, we discuss the recent findings by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79-98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] in the context of different Effector kinase pathways in activated T cells.
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11
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Barros PO, Berthoud TK, Aloufi N, Angel JB. Soluble IL-7Rα/sCD127 in Health, Disease, and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:47-62. [PMID: 33728276 PMCID: PMC7954429 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s264149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble cytokine receptors can influence immune responses by modulating the biological functions of their respective ligands. These effects can be either agonistic or antagonistic and a number of soluble cytokine receptors have been shown to play critical roles in both maintenance of health and disease pathogenesis. Soluble IL-7Ra (sCD127) is one such example. With its impact on the IL-7/CD127 pathway, which is fundamental for the development and homeostasis of T cells, the role of sCD127 in health and disease has been extensively studied in recent years. Within this review, the role of sCD127 in maintaining host immune function is presented. Next, by addressing genetic factors affecting sCD127 expression and the associated levels of sCD127 production, the roles of sCD127 in autoimmune disease, infections and cancer are described. Finally, advances in the field of soluble cytokine therapy and the potential for sCD127 as a biomarker and therapeutic agent are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila O Barros
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara K Berthoud
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nawaf Aloufi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Wu SY, Fu T, Jiang YZ, Shao ZM. Natural killer cells in cancer biology and therapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:120. [PMID: 32762681 PMCID: PMC7409673 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is highly complex, and immune escape is currently considered an important hallmark of cancer, largely contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. Named for their capability of killing target cells autonomously, natural killer (NK) cells serve as the main effector cells toward cancer in innate immunity and are highly heterogeneous in the microenvironment. Most current treatment options harnessing the tumor microenvironment focus on T cell-immunity, either by promoting activating signals or suppressing inhibitory ones. The limited success achieved by T cell immunotherapy highlights the importance of developing new-generation immunotherapeutics, for example utilizing previously ignored NK cells. Although tumors also evolve to resist NK cell-induced cytotoxicity, cytokine supplement, blockade of suppressive molecules and genetic engineering of NK cells may overcome such resistance with great promise in both solid and hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarized the fundamental characteristics and recent advances of NK cells within tumor immunometabolic microenvironment, and discussed potential application and limitations of emerging NK cell-based therapeutic strategies in the era of presicion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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13
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The complex role of EZH2 in the tumor microenvironment: opportunities and challenges for immunotherapy combinations. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1415-1430. [PMID: 32723083 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment occurs through epigenetic changes in both tumor cells and immune cells that alter transcriptional programs driving cell fate and cell function. Oncogenic activation of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 mediates gene expression changes, governing tumor immunogenicity as well as differentiation, survival and activation states of immune lineages. Emerging preclinical studies have highlighted the potential for EZH2 inhibitors to reverse epigenetic immune suppression in tumors and combine with immune checkpoint therapies. However, EZH2 activity is essential for the development of lymphoid cells, performing critical immune effector functions within tumors. In this review, we highlight the complexity of EZH2 function in immune regulation which may impact the implementation of combination with immunotherapy agents in clinic.
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14
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Zortel T, Schmitt-Graeff A, Kirschnek S, Häcker G. Apoptosis Modulation in the Immune System Reveals a Role of Neutrophils in Tissue Damage in a Murine Model of Chlamydial Genital Infection. J Infect Dis 2019. [PMID: 29522221 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydial infection frequently causes damage to the female genital tract. The precise mechanisms of chlamydial clearance and tissue damage are unknown, but studies suggest immunopathology with a particular role of neutrophils. The goal of this study was to understand the contribution of the immune system, in particular neutrophils. Methods Using Chlamydia muridarum, we infected mice with a prolonged immune response due to expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in hematopoietic cells (Bcl-2 mice), and mice where mature neutrophils are lacking due to the deletion of Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) in myeloid cells (LysM-cre-mcl-1-flox mice; Mcl-1 mice). We monitored bacterial clearance, cellular infiltrate, and long-term tissue damage. Results Both mutant strains showed slightly delayed clearance of the acute infection. Bcl-2 mice had a strongly increased inflammatory infiltrate concerning almost all cell lineages. The infection of Bcl-2 mice caused increased tissue damage. The loss of neutrophils in Mcl-1 mice was associated with substantial quantitative and qualitative alterations of the inflammatory infiltrate. Mcl-1 mice had higher chlamydial burden and reduced tissue damage, including lower incidence of hydrosalpinx and less uterine dilation. Conclusions Inhibition of apoptosis in the hematopoietic system increases inflammation and tissue damage. Neutrophils have broad functions, including a role in chlamydial clearance and in tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Zortel
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Graeff
- Center for Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Yajima T, Hoshino K, Muranushi R, Mogi A, Onozato R, Yamaki E, Kosaka T, Tanaka S, Shirabe K, Yoshikai Y, Kuwano H. Fas/FasL signaling is critical for the survival of exhausted antigen-specific CD8 + T cells during tumor immune response. Mol Immunol 2019; 107:97-105. [PMID: 30711908 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-specific activated CD8+ T cells are critical for tumor elimination but become exhausted, and thus, dysfunctional during immune response against the tumor due to chronic antigen stimulation. The signaling of immune checkpoint receptors is known to be a critical component in this exhaustion; however, the fate of these exhausted CD8+ T cells remains unclear. Therefore, to elucidate this, we followed the fate of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells by directly visualizing them using MHC class I tetramers coupled with ovoalubumin257-264 in C57BL/6 mice inoculated with EG.7. We found that the number of generated Ag-specific activated CD8+ T cells decreased via apoptosis during a prolonged tumor immune response. However, the number of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in Fas ligand (FasL)-dysfunctional gld mice than in control mice, resulting in suppressed tumor growth. In contrast, the enforced expression of Bcl-2 failed to rescue apoptosis of the exhausted CD8+ T cells following EG.7 inoculation. These results suggest that Fas/FasL signaling is critical for the survival of exhausted CD8+ T cells during the tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yajima
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Kouki Hoshino
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ryo Muranushi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Onozato
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ei Yamaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shigebumi Tanaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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16
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Balyan R, Gund R, Chawla AS, Khare SP, Pradhan SJ, Rane S, Galande S, Durdik JM, George A, Bal V, Rath S. Correlation of cell-surface CD8 levels with function, phenotype and transcriptome of naive CD8 T cells. Immunology 2018; 156:384-401. [PMID: 30556901 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated co-receptor level-associated functional heterogeneity in apparently homogeneous naive peripheral CD4 T cells, dependent on MHC-mediated tonic signals. Maturation pathways can differ between naive CD4 and naive CD8 cells, so we tested whether the latter showed similar co-receptor level-associated functional heterogeneity. We report that, when either polyclonal and T-cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic monoclonal peripheral naive CD8 T cells from young mice were separated into CD8hi and CD8lo subsets, CD8lo cells responded poorly, but CD8hi and CD8lo subsets of CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes responded similarly. CD8lo naive CD8 T cells were smaller and showed lower levels of some cell-surface molecules, but higher levels of the negative regulator CD5. In addition to the expected peripheral decline in CD8 levels on transferred naive CD8 T cells in wild-type (WT) but not in MHC class I-deficient recipient mice, short-duration naive T-cell-dendritic cell (DC) co-cultures in vitro also caused co-receptor down-modulation in CD8 T cells but not in CD4 T cells. Constitutive pZAP70/pSyk and pERK levels ex vivo were lower in CD8lo naive CD8 T cells and dual-specific phosphatase inhibition partially rescued their hypo-responsiveness. Bulk mRNA sequencing showed major differences in the transcriptional landscapes of CD8hi and CD8lo naive CD8 T cells. CD8hi naive CD8 T cells showed enrichment of genes involved in positive regulation of cell cycle and survival. Our data show that naive CD8 T cells show major differences in their signaling, transcriptional and functional landscapes associated with subtly altered CD8 levels, consistent with the possibility of peripheral cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Balyan
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore city, Singapore
| | - Rupali Gund
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Satyajeet P Khare
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.,Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Pune, India
| | | | - Sanket Rane
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Anna George
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineeta Bal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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17
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Cheng Q, Liu J, Pei Y, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Pan W, Zhang J. Neddylation contributes to CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007440. [PMID: 30462731 PMCID: PMC6249024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play predominant roles in protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection, both for IFN-γ-dependent effector mechanisms and providing B cell helper signals. Neddylation, an ubiquitination-like process triggered by covalent conjugation of NEDD8 to specific targets, has emerged as a potential regulator of T cell activities to TCR engagement. However, its contribution to T cell-mediated immunity to blood-stage malaria remains unclear. Here using an experimental model induced by Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL, and conditional knockout mice with T cell-specific deficiency of crucial components of neddylation pathway, we demonstrate activation of neddylation in T cells during blood-stage Plasmodium infection is essential for parasite control and host survival. Mechanistically, we show that apart from promoting CD4+ T cell activation, proliferation, and development of protective T helper 1 (Th1) cell response as suggested previously, neddylation is also required for supporting CD4+ T cell survival, mainly through B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mediated suppression of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that neddylation contributes to follicular helper T (Tfh) cell differentiation, probably via augmenting the ubiquitin ligase Itch activity and proteasomal degradation of FoxO1, thereby facilitating germinal center (GC) formation and parasite-specific antibody production. This study identifies neddylation as a positive regulator of anti-Plasmodium immunity and provides insight into an involvement of such pathway in host resistance to infectious diseases. Malaria, which is caused by the intracellular parasite Plasmodium, remains a major infectious disease with significant morbidity and mortality annually. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in protective immunity against the pathogenic blood-stage Plasmodium will facilitate development of anti-malarial drugs and vaccines. Neddylation has recently been identified as a potential regulator of T cell function. Here, we directly addressed the effects of neddylation on T cell responses and the outcome of blood-stage P. yoelii 17XNL malaria. We show that activation of neddylation in T cells is essential for IFN-γ-mediated proinflammatory response and generation of parasite-specific antibodies, thus contributing to full resolution of the infection. This is primarily associated with the reported beneficial effects of neddylation on CD4+ T cell activities, including activation, proliferation, and differentiation into T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Additionally, we establish a novel role of neddylation in parasite-responsive CD4+ T cell survival and follicular helper T (Tfh) cell differentiation. Therefore, we provide evidence that neddylation may represent a novel mechanism in orchestrating optimum CD4+ T cell effector response and subsequent humoral immunity to blood-stage Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cheng
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QC); (JZ)
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Pei
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaolin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Weiqing Pan
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QC); (JZ)
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18
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Lack of Sprouty 1 and 2 enhances survival of effector CD8 + T cells and yields more protective memory cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8939-E8947. [PMID: 30126987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808320115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying novel pathways that promote robust function and longevity of cytotoxic T cells has promising potential for immunotherapeutic strategies to combat cancer and chronic infections. We show that sprouty 1 and 2 (Spry1/2) molecules regulate the survival and function of memory CD8+ T cells. Spry1/2 double-knockout (DKO) ovalbumin (OVA)-specific CD8+ T cells (OT-I cells) mounted more vigorous autoimmune diabetes than WT OT-I cells when transferred to mice expressing OVA in their pancreatic β-islets. To determine the consequence of Spry1/2 deletion on effector and memory CD8+ T cell development and function, we used systemic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong. Spry1/2 DKO LCMV gp33-specific P14 CD8+ T cells survive contraction better than WT cells and generate significantly more polyfunctional memory T cells. The larger number of Spry1/2 DKO memory T cells displayed enhanced infiltration into infected tissue, demonstrating that absence of Spry1/2 can result in increased recall capacity. Upon adoptive transfer into naive hosts, Spry1/2 DKO memory T cells controlled Listeria monocytogenes infection better than WT cells. The enhanced formation of more functional Spry1/2 DKO memory T cells was associated with significantly reduced mTORC1 activity and glucose uptake. Reduced p-AKT, p-FoxO1/3a, and T-bet expression was also consistent with enhanced survival and memory accrual. Collectively, loss of Spry1/2 enhances the survival of effector CD8+ T cells and results in the formation of more protective memory cells. Deleting Spry1/2 in antigen-specific CD8+ T cells may have therapeutic potential for enhancing the survival and functionality of effector and memory CD8+ T cells in vivo.
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19
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Suppression of T lymphocyte activation by 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol mono- and di-palmitate esters in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 51:54-62. [PMID: 29733892 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether and how 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) fatty acid esters, a group of food contaminants formed during processing, might inhibit the immune system through suppressing T lymphocyte activation for the first time. Three 3-MCPD esters including 1-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (1-pal), 2-palmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (2-pal), and1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (dipal) were selected as the probe compounds to test the possible effects of fatty acid structure on their potential immune inhibitory effect. The results showed that 1-pal and 2-pal, but not dipal, significantly suppressed ConA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation, cell cycle activity, Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion, CD4+ T cell populations, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells under the experimental conditions. Moreover, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that 1-pal and 2-pal could inhibit the activation of ConA-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In addition, 1-pal significantly suppressed DNFB-induced delayed-type hyper sensitivity (DTH) reaction characterized by the increased ear thickness and IFN-γ production in mice. These observations indicated that 3-MCPD esters exerted a negative effect on T lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and the immunosuppressive activities of 3-MCPD monopalmitates were stronger than 3-MCPD dipalmitate.
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20
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Moro-García MA, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Alonso-Arias R. Influence of Inflammation in the Process of T Lymphocyte Differentiation: Proliferative, Metabolic, and Oxidative Changes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:339. [PMID: 29545794 PMCID: PMC5839096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes, from their first encounter with their specific antigen as naïve cell until the last stages of their differentiation, in a replicative state of senescence, go through a series of phases. In several of these stages, T lymphocytes are subjected to exponential growth in successive encounters with the same antigen. This entire process occurs throughout the life of a human individual and, earlier, in patients with chronic infections/pathologies through inflammatory mediators, first acutely and later in a chronic form. This process plays a fundamental role in amplifying the activating signals on T lymphocytes and directing their clonal proliferation. The mechanisms that control cell growth are high levels of telomerase activity and maintenance of telomeric length that are far superior to other cell types, as well as metabolic adaptation and redox control. Large numbers of highly differentiated memory cells are accumulated in the immunological niches where they will contribute in a significant way to increase the levels of inflammatory mediators that will perpetuate the new state at the systemic level. These levels of inflammation greatly influence the process of T lymphocyte differentiation from naïve T lymphocyte, even before, until the arrival of exhaustion or cell death. The changes observed during lymphocyte differentiation are correlated with changes in cellular metabolism and these in turn are influenced by the inflammatory state of the environment where the cell is located. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert a dual action in the population of T lymphocytes. Exposure to high levels of ROS decreases the capacity of activation and T lymphocyte proliferation; however, intermediate levels of oxidation are necessary for the lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and effector functions. In conclusion, we can affirm that the inflammatory levels in the environment greatly influence the differentiation and activity of T lymphocyte populations. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in these processes. The elucidation of these mechanisms would be of great help in the advance of improvements in pathologies with a large inflammatory base such as rheumatoid arthritis, intestinal inflammatory diseases, several infectious diseases and even, cancerous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Moro-García
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C Mayo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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21
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Backer RA, Hombrink P, Helbig C, Amsen D. The Fate Choice Between Effector and Memory T Cell Lineages: Asymmetry, Signal Integration, and Feedback to Create Bistability. Adv Immunol 2018; 137:43-82. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Zhan Y, Carrington EM, Zhang Y, Heinzel S, Lew AM. Life and Death of Activated T Cells: How Are They Different from Naïve T Cells? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1809. [PMID: 29326701 PMCID: PMC5733345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are pivotal in immunity and immunopathology. After activation, T cells undergo a clonal expansion and differentiation followed by a contraction phase, once the pathogen has been cleared. Cell survival and cell death are critical for controlling the numbers of naïve T cells, effector, and memory T cells. While naïve T cell survival has been studied for a long time, more effort has gone into understanding the survival and death of activated T cells. Despite this effort, there is still much to be learnt about T cell survival, as T cells transition from naïve to effector to memory. One key advance is the development of inhibitors that may allow the temporal study of survival mechanisms operating in these distinct cell states. Naïve T cells were highly reliant on BCL-2 and sensitive to BCL-2 inhibition. Activated T cells are remarkably different in their regulation of apoptosis by pro- and antiapoptotic members of the BCL-2 family, rendering them differentially sensitive to antagonists blocking the function of one or more members of this family. Recent progress in understanding other programmed cell death mechanisms, especially necroptosis, suggests a unique role for alternative pathways in regulating death of activated T cells. Furthermore, we highlight a mechanism of epigenetic regulation of cell survival unique to activated T cells. Together, we present an update of our current understanding of the survival requirement of activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Emma M Carrington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Susanne Heinzel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Prostaglandin E 2 and PD-1 mediated inhibition of antitumor CTL responses in the human tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89802-89810. [PMID: 29163789 PMCID: PMC5685710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in cancer development; however, mechanisms of immunosuppression hinder productive anti-tumor immunity to limit immunopathology. Tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) dysfunction or exhaustion by upregulating inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) in tumor-bearing hosts is one such mechanism. Identification and blockade of the pathways that induce CTL dysfunction has been shown to partially restore CTL function in tumor-bearing hosts. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a rate-limiting enzyme for prostanoid biosynthesis, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and plays a key role in both inflammation and cancer. The disruption of COX2/PGE2 signaling using COX2 inhibitors or PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 antagonists, combined with anti-PD-1 blockade was therapeutic in terms of improving eradication of tumors and augmenting the numbers of functional tumor-specific CTLs. Thus, COX2/PGE2 axis inhibition is a promising adjunct therapy to PD-1 blockade for immune-based therapies in cancer.
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24
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Nie H, Rathbun G, Tucker H. Smyd1C Mediates CD8 T Cell Death via Regulation of Bcl2-Mediated Restriction of outer Mitochondrial Membrane Integrity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 29177249 PMCID: PMC5699232 DOI: 10.4172/2576-1471.1000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The SET and Mynd domain 1 (Smyd1) locus encodes three tissue-restricted isoforms. Two previously characterized isoforms, Smyd1A and Smyd1B, are heart and skeletal muscle-restricted histone methyl transferases. Here we report that a third, non-catalytic isoform, Smyd1C, is expressed predominantly in activated CD8 T cells. While Smyd1C- deficient CD8 T cells undergo activation-induced apoptosis, neither of two classical mechanisms activation-induced cell death nor activated cell autonomous death are utilized. Instead, Smyd1C accumulates within both mitochondria and the immunological synapse where it associates with Bcl-2, FK506-Binding Protein 8/38 (FKBP38) and Calcineurin. This complex maintains Bcl-2 phosphorylation, enhanced mitochondrial localization, and restricted apoptosis of activated CD8 T cells. We suggest that CD8 T cell death is governed, in part, by Smyd1C regulation of Bcl2-mediated restriction of outer mitochondrial membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA
| | - Gary Rathbun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA
| | - Haley Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA
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25
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Carrington EM, Tarlinton DM, Gray DH, Huntington ND, Zhan Y, Lew AM. The life and death of immune cell types: the role of BCL-2 anti-apoptotic molecules. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:870-877. [PMID: 28875977 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting survival mechanisms of immune cells may provide an avenue for immune intervention to dampen unwanted responses (e.g. autoimmunity, immunopathology and transplant rejection) or enhance beneficial ones (e.g. immune deficiency, microbial defence and cancer immunotherapy). The selective survival mechanisms of the various immune cell types also avails the possibility of specific tailoring of such interventions. Here, we review the role of the BCL-2 anti-apoptotic family members (BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, MCL-1 and A1) on cell death/survival of the major immune cell types, for example, T, NK, B, dendritic cell (DC) lineages. There is both selectivity and redundancy among this family. Selectivity comes partly from the expression levels in each of the cell types. For example, plasmacytoid DC express abundant BCL-2 and are susceptible to BCL-2 antagonism or deficiency, whereas conventional DC express abundant A1 and are susceptible to A1 deficiency. There is, however, also functional redundancy; for example, overexpression of MCL-1 can override BCL-2 antagonism in plasmacytoid DC. Moreover, susceptibility to another anti-apoptotic family member can be unmasked, when one or other member is removed. These dual principles of selectivity and redundancy should guide the use of antagonists for manipulating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Carrington
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel H Gray
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Population mechanics: A mathematical framework to study T cell homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9511. [PMID: 28842645 PMCID: PMC5573381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other cell types, T cells do not form spatially arranged tissues, but move independently throughout the body. Accordingly, the number of T cells in the organism does not depend on physical constraints imposed by the shape or size of specific organs. Instead, it is determined by competition for interleukins. From the perspective of classical population dynamics, competition for resources seems to be at odds with the observed high clone diversity, leading to the so-called diversity paradox. In this work we make use of population mechanics, a non-standard theoretical approach to T cell homeostasis that accounts for clone diversity as arising from competition for interleukins. The proposed models show that carrying capacities of T cell populations naturally emerge from the balance between interleukins production and consumption. These models also suggest remarkable functional differences in the maintenance of diversity in naïve and memory pools. In particular, the distribution of memory clones would be biased towards clones activated more recently, or responding to more aggressive pathogenic threats. In contrast, permanence of naïve T cell clones would be determined by their affinity for cognate antigens. From this viewpoint, positive and negative selection can be understood as mechanisms to maximize naïve T cell diversity.
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27
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Lim AI, Li Y, Lopez-Lastra S, Stadhouders R, Paul F, Casrouge A, Serafini N, Puel A, Bustamante J, Surace L, Masse-Ranson G, David E, Strick-Marchand H, Le Bourhis L, Cocchi R, Topazio D, Graziano P, Muscarella LA, Rogge L, Norel X, Sallenave JM, Allez M, Graf T, Hendriks RW, Casanova JL, Amit I, Yssel H, Di Santo JP. Systemic Human ILC Precursors Provide a Substrate for Tissue ILC Differentiation. Cell 2017; 168:1086-1100.e10. [PMID: 28283063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent innate versions of T helper and cytotoxic T cells that differentiate from committed ILC precursors (ILCPs). How ILCPs give rise to mature tissue-resident ILCs remains unclear. Here, we identify circulating and tissue ILCPs in humans that fail to express the transcription factors and cytokine outputs of mature ILCs but have these signature loci in an epigenetically poised configuration. Human ILCPs robustly generate all ILC subsets in vitro and in vivo. While human ILCPs express low levels of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor C (RORC) transcripts, these cells are found in RORC-deficient patients and retain potential for EOMES+ natural killer (NK) cells, interferon gamma-positive (IFN-γ+) ILC1s, interleukin (IL)-13+ ILC2s, and for IL-22+, but not for IL-17A+ ILC3s. Our results support a model of tissue ILC differentiation ("ILC-poiesis"), whereby diverse ILC subsets are generated in situ from systemically distributed ILCPs in response to local environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ing Lim
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Yan Li
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Silvia Lopez-Lastra
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franziska Paul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Surace
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helene Strick-Marchand
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Le Bourhis
- Inserm U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Roberto Cocchi
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Topazio
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza," 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lars Rogge
- Immunoregulation Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- Inserm U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), CHU X. Bichat, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France; Inserm U1152, Faculté de Médicine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Inserm U1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Graf
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Inserm U1163, 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hans Yssel
- Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.
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28
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Zhang Q, Chikina M, Szymczak-Workman AL, Horne W, Kolls JK, Vignali KM, Normolle D, Bettini M, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. LAG3 limits regulatory T cell proliferation and function in autoimmune diabetes. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/9/eaah4569. [PMID: 28783703 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aah4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory receptors (IRs) are pivotal in controlling T cell homeostasis because of their intrinsic regulation of conventional effector T (Tconv) cell proliferation, viability, and function. However, the role of IRs on regulatory T cells (Tregs) remains obscure because they could be required for suppressive activity and/or limit Treg function. We evaluated the role of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3; CD223) on Tregs by generating mice in which LAG3 is absent on the cell surface of Tregs in a murine model of type 1 diabetes. Unexpectedly, mice that lacked LAG3 expression on Tregs exhibited reduced autoimmune diabetes, consistent with enhanced Treg proliferation and function. Whereas the transcriptional landscape of peripheral wild-type (WT) and Lag3-deficient Tregs was largely comparable, substantial differences between intra-islet Tregs were evident and involved a subset of genes and pathways that promote Treg maintenance and function. Consistent with these observations, Lag3-deficient Tregs outcompeted WT Tregs in the islets but not in the periphery in cotransfer experiments because of enhanced interleukin-2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 signaling and increased Eos expression. Our study suggests that LAG3 intrinsically limits Treg proliferation and function at inflammatory sites, promotes autoimmunity in a chronic autoimmune-prone environment, and may contribute to Treg insufficiency in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrea L Szymczak-Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - William Horne
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kate M Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Daniel Normolle
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Maria Bettini
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. .,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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29
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Immunological Disorders: Regulation of Ca 2+ Signaling in T Lymphocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:397-424. [PMID: 28900926 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engagement of T cell receptors (TCRs) with cognate antigens triggers cascades of signaling pathways in helper T cells. TCR signaling is essential for the effector function of helper T cells including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. It also modulates effector T cell fate by inducing cell death, anergy (nonresponsiveness), exhaustion, and generation of regulatory T cells. One of the main axes of TCR signaling is the Ca2+-calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway. Stimulation of TCRs triggers depletion of intracellular Ca2+ store and, in turn, activates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) to raise the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. SOCE in T cells is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which have been very well characterized in terms of their electrophysiological properties. Identification of STIM1 as a sensor to detect depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store and Orai1 as the pore subunit of CRAC channels has dramatically advanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in T cells. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of Ca2+ signaling in T cells with specific focus on the mechanism of CRAC channel activation and regulation via protein interactions. In addition, we will discuss the role of CRAC channels in effector T cells, based on the analyses of genetically modified animal models.
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30
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Chhabra A, Mukherji B, Batra D. Activation induced cell death (AICD) of human melanoma antigen-specific TCR engineered CD8 T cells involves JNK, Bim and p53. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 21:117-129. [PMID: 27935327 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1270941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adoptive cancer immunotherapy (ACT) with transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) engineered (TCReng) anti-tumor T cells has produced encouraging results, however, efficacy of these approaches need improvement. Since premature activation induced cell death (AICD) of adoptively administered T cells could be a major impediment, we examined the mechanism(s) underlying AICD in TCReng CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). METHODS AICD in human tumor antigen-specific MHC class I restricted TCR engineered CD8+ CTL was induced by exposing them to cognate peptide epitope. RESULTS We show that TCReng CD8+ human primary CTL undergo AICD even upon encountering their cognate peptide epitope for the very first time. AICD in TCReng CTL is a death-receptor-independent, JNK activation-driven intrinsic processes, in which p53-mediated mitochondria-centric, non-transcription-dependent pathway plays an essential role. Activated JNK modulates mitochondrial membrane integrity in CTL undergoing AICD by directly interacting with Bcl family protein, Bim, and the mitochondrial membrane pore complex, voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC), leading to the release of caspase-independent death executioner, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), accumulation of single strand DNA breaks and eventually to cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer opportunities to interfere with AICD in TCReng CD8+ anti-tumor CTL for sustaining them longer for producing better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Chhabra
- a Department of Medicine , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Bijay Mukherji
- a Department of Medicine , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Deepika Batra
- a Department of Medicine , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
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31
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Yu T, Zuo QF, Gong L, Wang LN, Zou QM, Xiao B. MicroRNA-491 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of CD8(+) T cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30923. [PMID: 27484289 PMCID: PMC4971478 DOI: 10.1038/srep30923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses are critical for antitumour immunity; however, T cell function is impaired in the tumour environment. MicroRNAs are involved in regulation of the immune system. While little is known about the function of intrinsic microRNAs in CD8+ T cells in the tumour microenvironment. Here, we found that miR-491 was upregulated in CD8+ T cells from mice with colorectal cancer. Retroviral overexpression of miR-491 in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis and decreased the production of interferon-γ in CD8+ T cells. We found that miR-491 directly targeted cyclin-dependent kinase 4, the transcription factor T cell factor 1 and the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2-like 1 in CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, tumour-derived TGF-β induced miR-491 expression in CD8+ T cells. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-491 can act as a negative regulator of T lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, in the tumour environment; thus, this study provides a novel insight on dysfunctional CD8+ T cells during tumourigenesis and cancer progression. In conclusion, miR-491 may be a new target for antitumour immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products &Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian-Fei Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products &Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products &Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products &Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products &Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products &Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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32
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Bhaskaran N, Quigley C, Weinberg A, Huang A, Popkin D, Pandiyan P. Transforming growth factor-β1 sustains the survival of Foxp3(+) regulatory cells during late phase of oropharyngeal candidiasis infection. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1015-26. [PMID: 26530137 PMCID: PMC4854793 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial immunomodulatory roles during infections, one key question is how these cells are controlled during antimicrobial immune responses. Mechanisms controlling their homeostasis are central to ensure efficient protection against pathogens, as well as to control infection-associated immunopathology. Here we studied how their viability is regulated in the context of mouse oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) infection, and found that these cells show increased protection from apoptosis during late phase of infection and reinfection. Tregs underwent reduced cell death because they are refractory to T cell receptor restimulation-induced cell death (RICD). We confirmed their resistance to RICD, using mouse and human Tregs in vitro, and by inducing α-CD3 antibody-mediated apoptosis in vivo. The enhanced viability is dependent on increased transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling that results in upregulation of cFLIP (cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein) in Tregs. Protection from cell death is abrogated in the absence of TGF-β1 signaling in Tregs during OPC infection. Taken together, our data unravel the previously unrecognized role of TGF-β1 in promoting Treg viability, coinciding with the pronounced immunomodulatory role of these cells during later phase of OPC infection, and possibly other mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - C Quigley
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - D Popkin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - P Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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33
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Hanoteau A, Moser M. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy: A close interplay to fight cancer? Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1190061. [PMID: 27622046 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1190061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In theory, the immunotherapy of cancer should induce the selective destruction of cancer cells and a long-term specific protection, based on the specificity and memory of immunity. This contrasts with the collateral damages of conventional therapies and their toxic effects on host tissues. However, recent data suggest that chemotherapy may potentiate ongoing immune responses, through homeostatic mechanisms. Massive tumor death, empty "immune" niches and selected cytokines may act as a danger signal, alerting the immune system and amplifying pre-existing antitumor reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hanoteau
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muriel Moser
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have historically been considered short-lived cytolytic cells that can rapidly respond against pathogens and tumors in an antigen-independent manner and then undergo cell death. Recently, however, NK cells have been shown to possess traits of adaptive immunity and can acquire immunological memory in a manner similar to that of T and B cells. In this review, we discuss evidence of NK cell memory and the mechanisms involved in the generation and survival of these innate lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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35
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Kamimura D, Atsumi T, Stofkova A, Nishikawa N, Ohki T, Suzuki H, Katsunuma K, Jiang JJ, Bando H, Meng J, Sabharwal L, Ogura H, Hirano T, Arima Y, Murakami M. Naïve T Cell Homeostasis Regulated by Stress Responses and TCR Signaling. Front Immunol 2016; 6:638. [PMID: 26734005 PMCID: PMC4681834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of naïve T cells is believed to require signals from TCR–pMHC interactions and cytokines such as IL-7. In contrast, signals that negatively impact naïve T cell survival are less understood. We conducted a forward genetic screening of mice and found a mutant mouse line with reduced number of naïve T cells (T-Red mice). T-Red mice have a point mutation in the Kdelr1 gene, and their naïve T cells show enhanced integrated stress response (ISR), which eventually induces their apoptosis. Therefore, naïve T cells require a KDEL receptor-mediated mechanism that efficiently relieves cellular stress for their survival in vivo. Interestingly, naïve T cells expressing TCR with higher affinity/avidity to self-antigens survive in T-Red mice, suggesting the possible link between TCR-mediated survival and ISR-induced apoptosis. In this article, we discuss the regulation of naïve T cell homeostasis, keeping special attention on the ISR and TCR signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrea Stofkova
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Naoki Nishikawa
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironao Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kokichi Katsunuma
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenori Bando
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jie Meng
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Cancer mediates effector T cell dysfunction by targeting microRNAs and EZH2 via glycolysis restriction. Nat Immunol 2015; 17:95-103. [PMID: 26523864 PMCID: PMC4684796 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis regulates T cell function. However, if and how primary cancer alters T cell glycolytic metabolism and affects tumor immunity remains a question in cancer patients. Here we report that ovarian cancers imposed glucose restriction on T cells and dampened their function via maintaining high expression of microRNA101 and microRNA26a, which constrained expression of the methyltransferase EZH2. EZH2 activated the Notch pathway by suppressing Notch repressors, Numb and Fbxw7, via H3K27me3, and consequently stimulated T cell polyfunctional cytokine expression and promoted their survival via Bcl-2 signaling. Moreover, human shRNA-knockdown-EZH2-deficient T cells elicited poor anti-tumor immunity. EZH2+CD8+ T cells were associated with improved cancer patient survival. Together, the data unveil a novel metabolic target and mechanism of cancer immune evasion.
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Kamimura D, Arima Y, Tsuruoka M, Jiang JJ, Bando H, Meng J, Sabharwal L, Stofkova A, Nishikawa N, Higuchi K, Ogura H, Atsumi T, Murakami M. Strong TCR-mediated signals suppress integrated stress responses induced by KDELR1 deficiency in naive T cells. Int Immunol 2015; 28:117-26. [PMID: 26489882 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KDEL receptor 1 (KDELR1) regulates integrated stress responses (ISR) to promote naive T-cell survival in vivo. In a mouse line having nonfunctional KDELR1, T-Red (naive T-cell reduced) mice, polyclonal naive T cells show excessive ISR and eventually undergo apoptosis. However, breeding T-Red mice with TCR-transgenic mice bearing relatively high TCR affinity rescued the T-Red phenotype, implying a link between ISR-induced apoptosis and TCR-mediated signaling. Here, we showed that strong TCR stimulation reduces ISR in naive T cells. In mice lacking functional KDELR1, surviving naive T cells expressed significantly higher levels of CD5, a surrogate marker of TCR self-reactivity. In addition, higher TCR affinity/avidity was confirmed using a tetramer dissociation assay on the surviving naive T cells, suggesting that among the naive T-cell repertoire, those that receive relatively stronger TCR-mediated signals via self-antigens survive enhanced ISR. Consistent with this observation, weak TCR stimulation with altered peptide ligands decreased the survival and proliferation of naive T cells, whereas stimulation with ligands having higher affinity had no such effect. These results suggest a novel role of TCR-mediated signals in the attenuation of ISR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mineko Tsuruoka
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidenori Bando
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jie Meng
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andrea Stofkova
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishikawa
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kotaro Higuchi
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Shin MS, You S, Kang Y, Lee N, Yoo SA, Park K, Kang KS, Kim SH, Mohanty S, Shaw AC, Montgomery RR, Hwang D, Kang I. DNA Methylation Regulates the Differential Expression of CX3CR1 on Human IL-7Rαlow and IL-7Rαhigh Effector Memory CD8+ T Cells with Distinct Migratory Capacities to the Fractalkine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2861-9. [PMID: 26276874 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that modulates gene expression in mammalian cells including T cells. Memory T cells are heterogeneous populations. Human effector memory (EM) CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood contain two cell subsets with distinct traits that express low and high levels of the IL-7Rα. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved in defining such cellular traits are largely unknown. In this study, we use genome-wide DNA methylation and individual gene expression to show the possible role of DNA methylation in conferring distinct traits of chemotaxis and inflammatory responses in human IL-7Rα(low) and IL-7Rα(high) EM CD8(+) T cells. In particular, IL-7Rα(low) EM CD8(+) T cells had increased expression of CX3CR1 along with decreased DNA methylation in the CX3CR1 gene promoter compared with IL-7Rα(high) EM CD8(+) T cells. Altering the DNA methylation status of the CX3CR1 gene promoter changed its activity and gene expression. IL-7Rα(low) EM CD8(+) T cells had an increased migratory capacity to the CX3CR1 ligand fractalkine compared with IL-7Rα(high) EM CD8(+) T cells, suggesting an important biological outcome of the differential expression of CX3CR1. Moreover, IL-7Rα(low) EM CD8(+) T cells induced fractalkine expression on endothelial cells by producing IFN-γ and TNF-α, forming an autocrine amplification loop. Overall, our study shows the role of DNA methylation in generating unique cellular traits in human IL-7Rα(low) and IL-7Rα(high) EM CD8(+) T cells, including differential expression of CX3CR1, as well as potential biological implications of this differential expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Sungyong You
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Youna Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Naeun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Seung-Ah Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Kieyoung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; and Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Insoo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520;
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Park BV, Pan F. Metabolic regulation of T cell differentiation and function. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:497-506. [PMID: 26277275 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Upon encountering pathogens, T cells mount immune responses by proliferating, increasing cellular mass and differentiating. These cellular changes impose significant energetic challenges on T cells. It was believed that TCR and cytokine-mediated signaling are dominant dictators of T cell-mediated immune responses. Recently, it was recognized that T cells utilize metabolic transporters and metabolic sensors that allow them to rapidly respond to nutrient-limiting inflammatory environments. Metabolic sensors allow T cells to find a balance between energy consumption (anabolic metabolism) and production (catabolic metabolism) in order to mount effective immune responses. Also, metabolic regulators interact with cytokine-dependent transcriptional regulators, suggesting a more integrative and advanced model of T cell activation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss recent discoveries regarding the roles of metabolic regulators in effector and memory T cell development and their interaction with canonical transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V Park
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Fan Pan
- Immunology and Hematopoiesis Division, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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40
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O'Sullivan TE, Johnson LR, Kang HH, Sun JC. BNIP3- and BNIP3L-Mediated Mitophagy Promotes the Generation of Natural Killer Cell Memory. Immunity 2015; 43:331-42. [PMID: 26253785 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that possess traits of adaptive immunity, such as clonal expansion, contraction, and generation of long-lived "memory" cells, processes poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we found that as proliferating NK cells accumulated dysfunctional mitochondria during viral infection, a protective mitophagy pathway was induced during the contraction phase to promote their survival in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) or activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) during the contraction-to-memory phase transition of the antiviral response increased autophagic activity and enhanced memory NK cell numbers through an Atg3-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrated a temporally regulated role for mitophagy-inducing proteins BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3-like (BNIP3L) in the generation of robust NK cell memory. Thus, our study reveals the functional importance of mitophagy during the dynamic response of these cytolytic innate lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lexus R Johnson
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Helen H Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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41
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Zhang W, Gu Y, Hao Y, Sun Q, Konior K, Wang H, Zilberberg J, Lee WY. Well plate-based perfusion culture device for tissue and tumor microenvironment replication. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2854-2863. [PMID: 26021852 PMCID: PMC4470735 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
There are significant challenges in developing in vitro human tissue and tumor models that can be used to support new drug development and evaluate personalized therapeutics. The challenges include: (1) working with primary cells which are often difficult to maintain ex vivo, (2) mimicking native microenvironments from which primary cells are harvested, and (3) the lack of culture devices that can support these microenvironments to evaluate drug responses in a high-throughput manner. Here we report a versatile well plate-based perfusion culture device that was designed, fabricated and used to: (1) ascertain the role of perfusion in facilitating the expansion of human multiple myeloma cells and evaluate drug response of the cells, (2) preserve the physiological phenotype of primary murine osteocytes by reconstructing the 3D cellular network of osteocytes, and (3) circulate primary murine T cells through a layer of primary murine intestine epithelial cells to recapitulate the interaction of the immune cells with the epithelial cells. Through these diverse case studies, we demonstrate the device's design features to support: (1) the convenient and spatiotemporal placement of cells and biomaterials into the culture wells of the device; (2) the replication of tissues and tumor microenvironments using perfusion, stromal cells, and/or biomaterials; (3) the circulation of non-adherent cells through the culture chambers; and (4) conventional tissue and cell characterization by plate reading, histology, and flow cytometry. Future challenges are identified and discussed from the perspective of manufacturing the device and making its operation for routine and wide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Y Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Y Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Q Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - K Konior
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - J Zilberberg
- Research Department, Hackensack University Medical Center, 40 Prospect Ave, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center
| | - W Y Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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Shu G, Zhao W, Yue L, Su H, Xiang M. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Salvia chinensis Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:237-247. [PMID: 25858511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia chinensis Benth (S. chinensis) is a traditional herb applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polysaccharides abundantly exist in this plant. However, it remains poorly understood if polysaccharides from S. chinensis (PSSC) contribute to its anti-HCC activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo anti-HCC activity of PSSC was evaluated in Kunming mice bearing H22 ascitic hepatoma cells. An array of physiological indexes was measured to evaluate toxicological effects on host animals. Subgroups of immune cells were purified by a magnetic-activated cell sorting system and analyzed by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription real-time PCR and immunoblotting were recruited to determine the effects of PSSC on the cellular signaling of different subgroup of immune cells. RESULTS PSSC suppressed in vivo proliferation of H22 cells with undetectable toxic effects on tumor-bearing mice. PSSC alleviated tumor transplantation-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis and dysregulation of serum cytokine profiles, which elevated cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. PSSC reduced serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Injection of exogenous PGE2 completely abrogated the antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the second messager of PGE2. In CD4+ T cells, PSSC substantially declined intracellular cAMP. This event elevated protein levels of JAK3, enhancing STAT5 phosphorylation and STAT5-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Cyclooxygenase-2 is the key enzyme mediating biosynthesis of PGE2. PSSC suppressed the transcription and translation of cyclooxygenase-2 in tumor associated macrophages. CONCLUSION Our data clearly showed antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC against transplanted H22 HCC cells. Suppressing tumor transplantation-induced PGE2 production was implicated in the anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. These works provides novel insights into the traditional application of S. chinensis against HCC and supported considering PSSC as an adjuvant reagent in clinical HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Shu
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling Yue
- Endocrinology department, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanwen Su
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Meixian Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
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43
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Kamimura D, Katsunuma K, Arima Y, Atsumi T, Jiang JJ, Bando H, Meng J, Sabharwal L, Stofkova A, Nishikawa N, Suzuki H, Ogura H, Ueda N, Tsuruoka M, Harada M, Kobayashi J, Hasegawa T, Yoshida H, Koseki H, Miura I, Wakana S, Nishida K, Kitamura H, Fukada T, Hirano T, Murakami M. KDEL receptor 1 regulates T-cell homeostasis via PP1 that is a key phosphatase for ISR. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7474. [PMID: 26081938 PMCID: PMC4557295 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KDEL receptors are responsible for retrotransporting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones from the Golgi complex to the ER. Here we describe a role for KDEL receptor 1 (KDELR1) that involves the regulation of integrated stress responses (ISR) in T cells. Designing and using an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutant mouse line, T-Red (naïve T-cell reduced), we show that a point mutation in KDELR1 is responsible for the reduction in the number of naïve T cells in this model owing to an increase in ISR. Mechanistic analysis shows that KDELR1 directly regulates protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a key phosphatase for ISR in naïve T cells. T-Red KDELR1 does not associate with PP1, resulting in reduced phosphatase activity against eIF2α and subsequent expression of stress responsive genes including the proapoptotic factor Bim. These results demonstrate that KDELR1 regulates naïve T-cell homeostasis by controlling ISR. KDEL receptors are known to be involved in retrotransporting chaperones to the endoplasmic reticulum from the Golgi complex. Here the authors unravel a role of KDEL receptor 1 in regulating integrated stress responses in naïve T cells through its association with protein phosphatase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kokichi Katsunuma
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Atsumi
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jing-jing Jiang
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidenori Bando
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jie Meng
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andrea Stofkova
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishikawa
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hironao Suzuki
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Ueda
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mineko Tsuruoka
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Harada
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takanori Hasegawa
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Yoshida
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ikuo Miura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN Bioresource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN Bioresource Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Keigo Nishida
- Laboratory for Cytokine Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Laboratory for Cytokine Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Laboratory for Cytokine Signaling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshio Hirano
- Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- 1] Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan [2] Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Endotoxic shock-expanded murine CD11c low CD45RB + regulatory dendritic cells modulate inflammatory T cell responses through multiple mechanisms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10653. [PMID: 26024301 PMCID: PMC4448501 DOI: 10.1038/srep10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the number and function of dendritic cells (DCs) have been reported to play an important role in endotoxin tolerance. It has been reported that expansion of splenic CD11c(low)CD45RB(+) DCs occurs in mice injected with sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the function of endotoxic shock-expanded CD11c(low)CD45RB(+) DCs has not been examined. In this work, we show that endotoxic shock promotes the expansion of CD11c(low)CD45RB(+) cells with dendritic morphology and the production of low levels of inflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules. The expanded cells induce the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), show incapability to stimulate T cells, and induce apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells in vitro. As compared to CD11c(hi)CD45RB(-) conventional DCs, the expanded cells exert better protection against colitis induction by CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells, even though both subpopulations show similar ability to induce Tregs in vivo. The better control of proinflammatory cytokine responses in vivo by the expanded cells is associated with more apoptosis in the Payer's patches and in colonic tissue-infiltrating cells. Thus, the expanded cells can modulate inflammatory T cell responses through multiple mechanisms. Our study facilitates a better understanding how innate immune responses may shape adaptive immunity and immune suppression following LPS-induced acute inflammation.
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Elimination of HIV-1-Infected Primary T Cell Reservoirs in an In Vitro Model of Latency. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126917. [PMID: 25993666 PMCID: PMC4437782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of long-lived cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 represents a major therapeutic challenge to virus eradication. In this study, we utilized a human primary cell model of HIV-1 latency to evaluate the requirements for efficient virus reactivation from, and the selective elimination of, latently infected human T cells. Ectopic expression of BCL2 supported the replication and spread of R5-tropic HIV-1 in activated CD4+ T cells. After IL-2 withdrawal, the HIV-1-infected T cells survived as resting cells for several months. Unexpectedly, these resting T cells continue to produce detectable levels of infectious virus, albeit at a lower frequency than cells maintained in IL-2. In the presence of HIV-1 inhibitors, reactivation of the resting T cells with γc-cytokines and allogeneic dendritic cells completely extinguished HIV-1 infectivity. We also evaluated the ability of the bacterial LukED cytotoxin to target and kill CCR5-expressing cells. After γc-cytokine stimulation, LukED treatment eliminated both HIV-1-infected resting cells and the non-infected CCR5+ cells. Importantly, complete clearance of in vitro HIV-1 reservoirs by LukED required a lower threshold of cytokine signals relative to HIV-1 inhibitors. Thus, the primary T cell-based HIV-1 latency model could facilitate the development of novel agents and therapeutic strategies that could effectively eradicate HIV-1.
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O'Sullivan TE, Sun JC. Generation of Natural Killer Cell Memory during Viral Infection. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:557-62. [PMID: 25823611 DOI: 10.1159/000375494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is classically regarded as an attribute of antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. Cells of the innate immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells, have been considered short-lived cytolytic cells that can rapidly respond against pathogens in an antigen-independent manner and then die off. However, NK cells have recently been described to possess traits of adaptive immunity, such as clonal expansion after viral antigen exposure to generate long-lived memory cells. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence for viral-induced NK cell memory in both mice and humans.
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Haas MK, Levy DN, Folkvord JM, Connick E. Distinct patterns of Bcl-2 expression occur in R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1-producing lymphoid tissue cells infected ex vivo. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:298-304. [PMID: 25353356 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most HIV-1 replication occurs in secondary lymphoid tissues in T cells within B cell follicles. Mechanisms underlying the accumulation of HIV-1-producing cells at these sites are not understood. Antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 could promote follicular CD4(+) T cell survival, contributing to sustained virus production. Tonsils obtained from subjects without known HIV infection were disaggregated and analyzed for Bcl-2 expression in follicular (CXCR5(+)) and extrafollicular (CXCR5(-)) CD3(+)CD4(+) cells by flow cytometry. Additional tonsil cells were cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 2 days, infected with either CCR5(R5) or CXCR4-tropic (X4) GFP reporter viruses, and analyzed for Bcl-2 expression. In freshly disaggregated CD3(+)CD4(+) tonsil cells, mean florescence intensity (MFI) for Bcl-2 was higher in CXCR5(+) (median, 292) compared to CXCR5(-) cells (median, 194; p=0.001). Following in vitro stimulation with PHA and IL-2, Bcl-2 MFI was higher in both CXCR5(+) cells (median, 757; p=0.03) and CXCR5(-) cells (median, 884; p=0.002) in uninfected cultures compared to freshly isolated tonsil cells. Bcl-2 MFI was higher in GFP(+)CD3(+)CD8(-) R5-producing cells (median, 554) than in X4-producing cells (median, 393; p=0.02). Bcl-2 MFI was higher in R5-producing CXCR5(+) cells (median, 840) compared to all other subsets including R5-producing CXCR5(-) cells (median, 524; p=0.04), X4-producing CXCR5(+) cells (median, 401; p=0.02), and X4-producing CXCR5(-) cells (median, 332; p=0.008). Bcl-2 expression is elevated in R5 HIV-1-producing CXCR5(+) T cells in vitro, which may contribute to propagation of R5 virus in B cell follicles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K. Haas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - David N. Levy
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Joy M. Folkvord
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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48
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Intracellular osteopontin regulates homeostasis and function of natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 112:494-9. [PMID: 25550515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423011112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in the immune response to infection and cancer. After infection or during homeostatic expansion NK cells express a developmental program that includes a contraction phase followed by the formation of long-lived mature memory-like cells. Although this NK cell response pattern is well established, the underlying mechanisms that ensure efficient transition to long-lived NK cells remain largely undefined. Here we report that deficient expression of intracellular osteopontin (OPN-i) by NK cells results in defective responses to IL-15 associated with a substantial increase in the NK cell contraction phase of homeostatic expansion, defective expression of the Eomes transcription factor, and diminished responses to metastatic tumors. The OPN-i-deficient phenotype is accompanied by increased NK cell apoptosis, impaired transition from immature to mature NK cells, and diminished ability to develop memory-like NK cells that respond to mouse cytomegalovirus. Gene pathway analysis of OPN-i-deficient NK cells suggests that the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway may connect OPN-i to Eomes and T-bet expression by mature NK cells following up-regulation of OPN-i after IL-15 stimulation. Identification of OPN-i as an essential molecular component for maintenance of functional NK cell expansion provides insight into the NK cell response and may provide the basis for improved approaches to immunotherapy for infectious disease and cancer.
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McKinstry KK, Strutt TM, Bautista B, Zhang W, Kuang Y, Cooper AM, Swain SL. Effector CD4 T-cell transition to memory requires late cognate interactions that induce autocrine IL-2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5377. [PMID: 25369785 PMCID: PMC4223689 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how CD4 T cell memory formation is regulated following pathogen challenge, and when critical mechanisms act to determine effector T cell fate. Here, we report that following influenza infection most effectors require signals from major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and CD70 during a late window well after initial priming to become memory. During this timeframe, effector cells must produce IL-2 or be exposed to high levels of paracrine or exogenously added IL-2 to survive an otherwise rapid default contraction phase. Late IL-2 promotes survival through acute down regulation of apoptotic pathways in effector T cells and by permanently upregulating their IL-7 receptor expression, enabling IL-7 to sustain them as memory T cells. This new paradigm defines a late checkpoint during the effector phase at which cognate interactions direct CD4 T cell memory generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kai McKinstry
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Tara M Strutt
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Bianca Bautista
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Yi Kuang
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Andrea M Cooper
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Avenue, Saranac Lake, New York 12983, USA
| | - Susan L Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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50
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Li S, Bian F, Yue L, Jin H, Hong Z, Shu G. Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 69:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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