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Ao J, Ma AX, Li J, Wang CY, Fu DD, Du L, Yu C, Liu SL, Wang ZG, Pang DW. Real-Time Dissection of the Exosome Pathway for Influenza Virus Infection. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4507-4519. [PMID: 38270127 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes play an important role in the spread of viral infections and immune escape. However, the exact ability and mechanisms by which exosomes produced during viral infections (vExos) infect host cells are still not fully understood. In this study, we developed a dual-color exosome labeling strategy that simultaneously labels the external and internal structures of exosomes with quantum dots to enable in situ monitoring of the transport process of vExos in live cells using the single-particle tracking technique. Our finding revealed that vExos contains the complete influenza A virus (IAV) genome and viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) proteins but lacks viral envelope proteins. Notably, these vExos have the ability to infect cells and produce progeny viruses. We also found that vExos are transported in three stages, slow-fast-slow, and move to the perinuclear region via microfilaments and microtubules. About 30% of internalized vExos shed the external membrane and release the internal vRNPs into the cytoplasm by fusion with endolysosomes. This study suggested that vExos plays a supporting role in IAV infection by assisting with IAV propagation in a virus-independent manner. It emphasizes the need to consider the infectious potential of vExos and draws attention to the potential risk of exosomes produced by viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hambo S, Harb H. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Lung Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16139. [PMID: 38003329 PMCID: PMC10671184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung infections are one of the most common causes of death and morbidity worldwide. Both bacterial and viral lung infections cause a vast number of infections with varying severities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells due to infection in the lung have the ability to modify the immune system, leading to either better immune response or worsening of the disease. It has been shown that both bacteria and viruses have the ability to produce their EVs and stimulate the immune system for that. In this review, we investigate topics from EV biogenesis and types of EVs to lung bacterial and viral infections caused by various bacterial species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are covered intensively in this review. Moreover, various viral lung infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infections, have been depicted extensively. In this review, we focus on eukaryotic-cell-derived EVs as an important component of disease pathogenesis. Finally, this review holds high novelty in its findings and literature review. It represents the first time to cover all different information on immune-cell-derived EVs in both bacterial and viral lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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3
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Fiorentino F, De Angelis M, Menna M, Rovere A, Caccuri AM, D'Acunzo F, Palamara AT, Nencioni L, Rotili D, Mai A. Anti-influenza A virus activity and structure-activity relationship of a series of nitrobenzoxadiazole derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:2128-2138. [PMID: 34583607 PMCID: PMC8480593 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1982932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses represent a major threat to human health and are responsible for seasonal epidemics, along with pandemics. Currently, few therapeutic options are available, with most drugs being at risk of the insurgence of resistant strains. Hence, novel approaches targeting less explored pathways are urgently needed. In this work, we assayed a library of nitrobenzoxadiazole derivatives against the influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 (PR8) strain. We identified three promising 4-thioether substituted nitrobenzoxadiazoles (12, 17, and 25) that were able to inhibit viral replication at low micromolar concentrations in two different infected cell lines using a haemagglutination assay. We further assessed these molecules using an In-Cell Western assay, which confirmed their potency in the low micromolar range. Among the three molecules, 12 and 25 displayed the most favourable profile of activity and selectivity and were selected as hit compounds for future optimisation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Menna
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Rovere
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Acunzo
- CNR, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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4
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Elfaki Y, Robert PA, Binz C, Falk CS, Bruder D, Prinz I, Floess S, Meyer-Hermann M, Huehn J. Influenza A virus-induced thymus atrophy differentially affects dynamics of conventional and regulatory T-cell development in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1166-1181. [PMID: 33638148 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3+ Treg cells, which are crucial for maintenance of self-tolerance, mainly develop within the thymus, where they arise from CD25+ Foxp3- or CD25- Foxp3+ Treg cell precursors. Although it is known that infections can cause transient thymic involution, the impact of infection-induced thymus atrophy on thymic Treg (tTreg) cell development is unknown. Here, we infected mice with influenza A virus (IAV) and studied thymocyte population dynamics post infection. IAV infection caused a massive, but transient thymic involution, dominated by a loss of CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes, which was accompanied by a significant increase in the frequency of CD25+ Foxp3+ tTreg cells. Differential apoptosis susceptibility could be experimentally excluded as a reason for the relative tTreg cell increase, and mathematical modeling suggested that enhanced tTreg cell generation cannot explain the increased frequency of tTreg cells. Yet, an increased death of DP thymocytes and augmented exit of single-positive (SP) thymocytes was suggested to be causative. Interestingly, IAV-induced thymus atrophy resulted in a significantly reduced T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity of newly produced tTreg cells. Taken together, IAV-induced thymus atrophy is substantially altering the dynamics of major thymocyte populations, finally resulting in a relative increase of tTreg cells with an altered TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassin Elfaki
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philippe A Robert
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Binz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Abstract
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has once again shrouded people in the enormous threat of RNA virus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), eukaryotic cells-derived small bi-layer vesicles mainly consisting of exosomes and microvesicles, share many properties with RNA viruses including structure, size, generation, and uptake. Emerging evidence has implicated the involvement of EVs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases induced by RNA viruses. EVs can transfer viral receptors (e.g., ACE2 and CD9) to recipient cells to facilitate viral infection, directly transport infectious viral particles to adjacent cells for virus spreading, and mask viruses with a host structure to escape immune surveillance. Here, we examine the current status of EVs to summarize their roles in mediating RNA virus infection, together with a comprehensive discussion of the underlying mechanisms.
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6
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Jiang Y, Cai X, Yao J, Guo H, Yin L, Leung W, Xu C. Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Influenza Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:366. [PMID: 32850473 PMCID: PMC7396637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a major health care concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and cause annual seasonal epidemics and pandemics at irregular intervals. Recent research has highlighted that viral components can be found on the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from infected cells, implying a functional relevance of EVs with influenza virus dissemination. Therefore, exploring the role of EVs in influenza virus infection has been attracting significant attention. In this review, we will briefly introduce the biogenesis of EVs, and focus on the role of EVs in influenza virus infection, and then discuss the EVs-based influenza vaccines and the limitations of EVs studies, to further enrich and boost the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to combat influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiwen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wingnang Leung
- Asia-Pacific Institute of Aging Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Wu H, Zhang R, Fan X, Lian Z, Hu Y. FoxOs could play an important role during influenza A viruses infection via microarray analysis based on GEO database. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:104009. [PMID: 31437558 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs). The response and reaction from the host vary due to different subtypes. In this study, we identified the global transcriptomics of HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and macrophage cells after infection of H5N1 and H1N1 strains using microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. Our data showed that influenza A viruses (IAVs) could induce more global profound transcriptomics in HUVEC than macrophage cells. H5N1 infection led to much more rigorous apoptosis than H1N1 did in macrophage cells. Our data is consistent with the idea that by maintaining normal levels of FoxO1 could be maintained, the pro-apoptotic effects of IAV virus infection could be reduced. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis responses could be manipulated via FoxOs in response to IAVs infection, indicating that FoxOs could function as candidate target for the treatment of IAVs infection. Our result thus provides new insight for the future strategy of anti-IAVs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxu Fan
- National Surveillance and Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, No. 369 Nanjing Rd, Shibei, Qingdao 266032, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Haidian, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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8
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Wu H, Zhang S, Huo C, Zou S, Lian Z, Hu Y. iTRAQ-based proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of human mast cells upon infection by the influenza A virus strains H1N1 and H5N1. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2612-2627. [PMID: 31271652 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells can support the replication of influenza A virus, although how this occurs is poorly understood. In the present study, using quantitative MS, we analyzed the proteome of human mast cells infected with different influenza A virus strains at 12 h post-infection. Forty-one differentially expressed proteins were identified in human mast cells upon infection by the virulent H5N1 (A/Chicken/Henan/1/04) virus compared to the seasonal H1N1 (A/WSN/33) virus. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed that H1N1 significantly regulates the RNA degradation pathway via up-regulation of CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 4, whereas apoptosis could be suppressed by H5N1 via down-regulation of the tumor protein p53 signaling pathway with P ≤ 0.05 at 12 h post-infection. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway of human mast cells is more susceptible to infection by H5N1 than by H1N1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shouping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Lim JY, Nam JS, Shin H, Park J, Song HI, Kang M, Lim KI, Choi Y. Identification of Newly Emerging Influenza Viruses by Detecting the Virally Infected Cells Based on Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5677-5684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-young Lim
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jung-soo Nam
- Department of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Hyunku Shin
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jaena Park
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hye-in Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Minsung Kang
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Kwang-il Lim
- Department of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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10
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Belser JA, Maines TR, Tumpey TM. Importance of 1918 virus reconstruction to current assessments of pandemic risk. Virology 2018; 524:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Binns C, Low WY. Remembering Gustav Klimt and 50 Million Others: The 100 Year Anniversary of the Greatest Human Epidemic. Asia Pac J Public Health 2018; 30:412-414. [PMID: 30175609 DOI: 10.1177/1010539518793959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Binns
- 1 School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wah Yun Low
- 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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The great influenza centennial-what have we learned about the epidemiology and prevention of transmission? Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1227-1228. [PMID: 30017971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Banoei MM, Vogel HJ, Weljie AM, Kumar A, Yende S, Angus DC, Winston BW. Plasma metabolomics for the diagnosis and prognosis of H1N1 influenza pneumonia. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:97. [PMID: 28424077 PMCID: PMC5397800 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Metabolomics is a tool that has been used for the diagnosis and prognosis of specific diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine if metabolomics could be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for H1N1 pneumonia. Our hypothesis was that metabolomics can potentially be used early for the diagnosis and prognosis of H1N1 influenza pneumonia. Methods 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to profile the metabolome in 42 patients with H1N1 pneumonia, 31 ventilated control subjects in the intensive care unit (ICU), and 30 culture-positive plasma samples from patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia drawn within the first 24 h of hospital admission for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Results We found that plasma-based metabolomics from samples taken within 24 h of hospital admission can be used to discriminate H1N1 pneumonia from bacterial pneumonia and nonsurvivors from survivors of H1N1 pneumonia. Moreover, metabolomics is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the 90-day prognosis of mortality in H1N1 pneumonia. Conclusions This study demonstrates that H1N1 pneumonia can create a quite different plasma metabolic profile from bacterial culture-positive pneumonia and ventilated control subjects in the ICU on the basis of plasma samples taken within 24 h of hospital/ICU admission, early in the course of disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1672-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Banoei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Bio-NMR Centre, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Bio-NMR Centre, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sachin Yende
- Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derek C Angus
- Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brent W Winston
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center (HRIC), Room 4C64, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center (HRIC), Room 4C64, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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14
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Rattan A, Pawar SD, Nawadkar R, Kulkarni N, Lal G, Mullick J, Sahu A. Synergy between the classical and alternative pathways of complement is essential for conferring effective protection against the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006248. [PMID: 28301559 PMCID: PMC5354441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide thus necessitating the need to understand the host factors that influence its control. Previously, the complement system has been shown to provide protection during the seasonal influenza virus infection, however, the role of individual complement pathways is not yet clear. Here, we have dissected the role of intact complement as well as of its individual activation pathways during the pandemic influenza virus infection using mouse strains deficient in various complement components. We show that the virus infection in C3-/- mice results in increased viral load and 100% mortality, which can be reversed by adoptive transfer of naïve wild-type (WT) splenocytes, purified splenic B cells, or passive transfer of immune sera from WT, but not C3-/- mice. Blocking of C3a and/or C5a receptor signaling in WT mice using receptor antagonists and use of C3aR-/- and C5aR-/- mice showed significant mortality after blocking/ablation of C3aR, with little or no effect after blocking/ablation of C5aR. Intriguingly, deficiency of C4 and FB in mice resulted in only partial mortality (24%-32%) suggesting a necessary cross-talk between the classical/lectin and alternative pathways for providing effective protection. In vitro virus neutralization experiments performed to probe the cross-talk between the various pathways indicated that activation of the classical and alternative pathways in concert, owing to coating of viral surface by antibodies, is needed for its efficient neutralization. Examination of the virus-specific complement-binding antibodies in virus positive subjects showed that their levels vary among individuals. Together these results indicate that cooperation between the classical and alternative pathways not only result in efficient direct neutralization of the pandemic influenza virus, but also lead to the optimum generation of C3a, which when sensed by the immune cells along with the antigen culminates in generation of effective protective immune responses. The pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus is now circulating seasonally and causing a significant disease burden worldwide. Hence, it is important to delineate the immune components required for protection against its infection. Here we demonstrate that presence of intact complement is essential for clearing the pandemic influenza virus infection, wherein complement synthesized by B cells plays a major role. Further, we show that activation of the classical as well as alternative pathways is a requisite for efficient neutralization of the virus as well as the optimum generation of C3a, which is necessary for boosting the protective immune responses. Our results thus reveal that deficiencies of components of the classical and alternative pathways enhance the susceptibility to and severity of the pandemic influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajitanuj Rattan
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Shailesh D. Pawar
- Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Renuka Nawadkar
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Neeraja Kulkarni
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Jayati Mullick
- Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Arvind Sahu
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
- * E-mail:
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Screening for Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Assembly of Influenza Virus Polymerase Complex by a Bimolecular Luminescence Complementation-Based Reporter System. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02282-16. [PMID: 28031371 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02282-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase consists of three viral protein subunits: PA, PB1, and PB2. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of these subunits play pivotal roles in assembling the functional polymerase complex, which is essential for the replication and transcription of influenza virus RNA. Here we developed a highly specific and robust bimolecular luminescence complementation (BiLC) reporter system to facilitate the investigation of influenza virus polymerase complex formation. Furthermore, by combining computational modeling and the BiLC reporter assay, we identified several novel small-molecule compounds that selectively inhibited PB1-PB2 interaction. Function of one such lead compound was confirmed by its activity in suppressing influenza virus replication. In addition, our studies also revealed that PA plays a critical role in enhancing interactions between PB1 and PB2, which could be important in targeting sites for anti-influenza intervention. Collectively, these findings not only aid the development of novel inhibitors targeting the formation of influenza virus polymerase complex but also present a new tool to investigate the exquisite mechanism of PPIs. IMPORTANCE Formation of the functional influenza virus polymerase involves complex protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits. In this work, we developed a novel BiLC assay system which is sensitive and specific to quantify both strong and weak PPIs between influenza virus polymerase subunits. More importantly, by combining in silico modeling and our BiLC assay, we identified a small molecule that can suppress influenza virus replication by disrupting the polymerase assembly. Thus, we developed an innovative method to investigate PPIs of multisubunit complexes effectively and to identify new molecules inhibiting influenza virus polymerase assembly.
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16
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Intranasal Introduction of Fc-Fused Interleukin-7 Provides Long-Lasting Prophylaxis against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection. J Virol 2015; 90:2273-84. [PMID: 26656713 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02768-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza A virus (IAV) infection frequently causes hospitalization and mortality due to severe immunopathology. Annual vaccination and antiviral drugs are the current countermeasures against IAV infection, but they have a limited efficacy against new IAV variants. Here, we show that intranasal pretreatment with Fc-fused interleukin-7 (IL-7-mFc) protects mice from lethal IAV infections. The protective activity of IL-7-mFc relies on transcytosis via neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the lung and lasts for several weeks. Introduction of IL-7-mFc alters pulmonary immune environments, leading to recruitment of T cells from circulation and their subsequent residency as tissue-resident memory-like T (TRM-like) cells. IL-7-mFc-primed pulmonary TRM-like cells contribute to protection upon IAV infection by dual modes. First, TRM-like cells, although not antigen specific but polyclonal, attenuate viral replication at the early phase of IAV infection. Second, TRM-like cells augment expansion of IAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), in particular at the late phase of infection, which directly control viruses. Thus, accelerated viral clearance facilitated by pulmonary T cells, which are either antigen specific or not, alleviates immunopathology in the lung and mortality from IAV infection. Depleting a subset of pulmonary T cells indicates that both CD4 and CD8 T cells contribute to protection from IAV, although IL-7-primed CD4 T cells have a more prominent role. Collectively, we propose intranasal IL-7-mFc pretreatment as an effective means for generating protective immunity against IAV infections, which could be applied to a potential prophylaxis for influenza pandemics in the future. IMPORTANCE The major consequence of a highly pathogenic IAV infection is severe pulmonary inflammation, which can result in organ failure and death at worst. Although vaccines for seasonal IAVs are effective, frequent variation of surface viral proteins hampers development of protective immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that intranasal IL-7-mFc pretreatment protected immunologically naive mice from lethal IAV infections. Intranasal pretreatment with IL-7-mFc induced an infiltration of T cells in the lung, which reside as effector/memory T cells with lung-retentive markers. Those IL-7-primed pulmonary T cells contributed to development of protective immunity upon IAV infection, reducing pulmonary immunopathology while increasing IAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Since a single treatment with IL-7-mFc was effective in the protection against multiple strains of IAV for an extended period of time, our findings suggest a possibility that IL-7-mFc treatment, as a potential prophylaxis, can be developed for controlling highly pathogenic IAV infections.
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Xu F, Liu G, Liu Q, Zhou Y. RNA interference of influenza A virus replication by microRNA-adapted lentiviral loop short hairpin RNA. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2971-2981. [PMID: 26296570 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Limitations of the current vaccines and antivirals against influenza A virus (IAV) pandemic underscore the urgent need for developing novel anti-influenza strategies. RNA interference (RNAi) induced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a powerful new means to inhibit viral infection in a gene-specific manner. However, the efficacy of the siRNA delivery platform and the relatively high cost of administration have hindered widespread application of siRNA. In this study, we developed a microRNA (miRNA)-30-based lentivirus delivery system by embedding a synthetic short hairpin RNA (shRNA) stem into the context of endogenous precursor of miRNA-30 (shRNAmir) to express a silencer of the influenza gene. We showed that the miRNA-based lentivirus vector was able to express and process a single nucleoprotein (NP)-targeting shRNAmir, which could potently inhibit IAV replication. We further showed that miRNA-based lentivirus vector carrying tandemly linked NP and polymerase PB1 shRNAmirs could express and process double shRNAmirs. Despite the relatively low levels of NP and PB1 miRNAs produced in the stably transduced cells, the combination of two miRNAs exerted a great degree of inhibition on influenza infection. Given the advantage of combinatorial RNAi in preventing emergence of mutant virus, miRNA-based lentiviral vectors are valuable tools for anitiviral activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a miRNA-based RNAi strategy can be applied for better control of influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Guanqun Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yan Zhou
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Hsu ACY, Starkey MR, Hanish I, Parsons K, Haw TJ, Howland LJ, Barr I, Mahony JB, Foster PS, Knight DA, Wark PA, Hansbro PM. Targeting PI3K-p110α Suppresses Influenza Virus Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1012-23. [PMID: 25751541 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0188oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and influenza virus infections are major global health issues. Patients with COPD are more susceptible to infection, which exacerbates their condition and increases morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of increased susceptibility remain poorly understood, and current preventions and treatments have substantial limitations. OBJECTIVES To characterize the mechanisms of increased susceptibility to influenza virus infection in COPD and the potential for therapeutic targeting. METHODS We used a combination of primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) from COPD and healthy control subjects, a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD, and influenza infection. The role of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was characterized using molecular methods, and its potential for targeting assessed using inhibitors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS COPD pBECs were susceptible to increased viral entry and replication. Infected mice with experimental COPD also had more severe infection (increased viral titer and pulmonary inflammation, and compromised lung function). These processes were associated with impaired antiviral immunity, reduced retinoic acid-inducible gene-I, and IFN/cytokine and chemokine responses. Increased PI3K-p110α levels and activity in COPD pBECs and/or mice were responsible for increased infection and reduced antiviral responses. Global PI3K, specific therapeutic p110α inhibitors, or exogenous IFN-β restored protective antiviral responses, suppressed infection, and improved lung function. CONCLUSIONS The increased susceptibility of individuals with COPD to influenza likely results from impaired antiviral responses, which are mediated by increased PI3K-p110α activity. This pathway may be targeted therapeutically in COPD, or in healthy individuals, during seasonal or pandemic outbreaks to prevent and/or treat influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Repeated Low-Dose Influenza Virus Infection Causes Severe Disease in Mice: a Model for Vaccine Evaluation. J Virol 2015; 89:7841-51. [PMID: 25995265 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00976-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza infection causes severe disease and death in humans. In traditional vaccine research and development, a single high-dose virus challenge of animals is used to evaluate vaccine efficacy. This type of challenge model may have limitations. In the present study, we developed a novel challenge model by infecting mice repeatedly in short intervals with low doses of influenza A virus. Our results show that compared to a single high-dose infection, mice that received repeated low-dose challenges showed earlier morbidity and mortality and more severe disease. They developed higher vial loads, more severe lung pathology, and greater inflammatory responses and generated only limited influenza A virus-specific B and T cell responses. A commercial trivalent influenza vaccine protected mice against a single high and lethal dose of influenza A virus but was ineffective against repeated low-dose virus challenges. Overall, our data show that the repeated low-dose influenza A virus infection mouse model is more stringent and may thus be more suitable to select for highly efficacious influenza vaccines. IMPORTANCE Influenza epidemics and pandemics pose serious threats to public health. Animal models are crucial for evaluating the efficacy of influenza vaccines. Traditional models based on a single high-dose virus challenge may have limitations. Here, we describe a new mouse model based on repeated low-dose influenza A virus challenges given within a short period. Repeated low-dose challenges caused more severe disease in mice, associated with higher viral loads and increased lung inflammation and reduced influenza A virus-specific B and T cell responses. A commercial influenza vaccine that was shown to protect mice from high-dose challenge was ineffective against repeated low-dose challenges. Overall, our results show that the low-dose repeated-challenge model is more stringent and may therefore be better suited for preclinical vaccine efficacy studies.
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20
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Khanna M, Saxena L, Rajput R, Kumar B, Prasad R. Gene silencing: a therapeutic approach to combat influenza virus infections. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:131-40. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Selective gene silencing technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi) and nucleic acid enzymes have shown therapeutic potential for treating viral infections. Influenza virus is one of the major public health concerns around the world and its management is challenging due to a rapid increase in antiviral resistance. Influenza vaccine also has its limitations due to the emergence of new strains that may escape the immunity developed by the previous year's vaccine. Antiviral drugs are the primary mode of prevention and control against a pandemic and there is an urgency to develop novel antiviral strategies against influenza virus. In this review, we discuss the potential utility of several gene silencing mechanisms and their prophylactic and therapeutic potential against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khanna
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Latika Saxena
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Roopali Rajput
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Kim HM, Park EH, Yum J, Kim HS, Seo SH. Greater virulence of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in cats than in dogs. Arch Virol 2014; 160:305-13. [PMID: 25416494 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus continues to infect animals and humans. We compared the infectivity and pathogenesis of H5N1 virus in domestic cats and dogs to find out which animal is more susceptible to H5N1 influenza virus. When cats and dogs were infected with the H5N1 virus, cats suffered from severe outcomes including death, whereas dogs did not show any mortality. Viruses were shed in the nose and rectum of cats and in the nose of dogs. Viruses were detected in brain, lung, kidney, intestine, liver, and serum in the infected cats, but only in the lung in the infected dogs. Genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Toll-like receptors, and apoptotic factors were more highly expressed in the lungs of cats than in those of dogs. Our results suggest that the intensive monitoring of dogs is necessary to prevent human infection by H5N1 influenza virus, since infected dogs may not show clear clinical signs, in contrast to infected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Man Kim
- Laboratory of Influenza Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lai YH, Lee CC, King CC, Chuang MC, Ho JAA. Exploitation of stem-loop DNA as a dual-input gene sensing platform: extension to subtyping of influenza A viruses. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Rohde J, Amann R, Rziha HJ. New Orf virus (Parapoxvirus) recombinant expressing H5 hemagglutinin protects mice against H5N1 and H1N1 influenza A virus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83802. [PMID: 24376753 PMCID: PMC3869816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we demonstrated the versatile utility of the Parapoxvirus Orf virus (ORFV) as a vector platform for the development of potent recombinant vaccines. In this study we present the generation of new ORFV recombinants expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) or nucleoprotein (NP) of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1. Correct foreign gene expression was examined in vitro by immunofluorescence, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The protective potential of both recombinants was evaluated in the mouse challenge model. Despite adequate expression of NP, the recombinant D1701-V-NPh5 completely failed to protect mice from lethal challenge. However, the H5 HA-expressing recombinant D1701-V-HAh5n mediated solid protection in a dose-dependent manner. Two intramuscular (i.m.) injections of the HA-expressing recombinant protected all animals from lethal HPAIV infection without loss of body weight. Notably, the immunized mice resisted cross-clade H5N1 and heterologous H1N1 (strain PR8) influenza virus challenge. In vivo antibody-mediated depletion of CD4-positive and/or CD8-posititve T-cell subpopulations during immunization and/or challenge infection implicated the relevance of CD4-positive T-cells for induction of protective immunity by D1701-V-HAh5n, whereas the absence of CD8-positive T-cells did not significantly influence protection. In summary, this study validates the potential of the ORFV vectored vaccines also to combat HPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rohde
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Island of Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ralf Amann
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Island of Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hanns-Joachim Rziha
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Island of Riems, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
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24
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Kessler U, Castagnolo D, Pagano M, Deodato D, Bernardini M, Pilger B, Ranadheera C, Botta M. Discovery and synthesis of novel benzofurazan derivatives as inhibitors of influenza A virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5575-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Mawson AR. Role of Fat-Soluble Vitamins A and D in the Pathogenesis of Influenza: A New Perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/246737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reduced exposure to solar radiation, leading to a deficiency of vitamin D and hence impaired innate immunity, has been suggested as a trigger for influenza viral replication and as an explanation of seasonal influenza. Although this hypothesis accounts for many unexplained facts about the epidemiology of influenza, gaps remain in understanding the pathogenesis and manifestations of the disease. Several observations suggest a role for vitamin A compounds (retinoids) in the disease. This paper presents a new model of the etiopathogenesis of influenza, suggesting that host resistance and susceptibility depend importantly on the ratio of vitamin D to vitamin A activity. Retinoid concentrations within normal physiological limits appear to inhibit influenza pathogenesis whereas higher background concentrations (i.e., very low vitamin D : A ratios) increase the risk of severe complications of the disease. There is also evidence that influenza-induced or preexisting liver disease, diabetes, and obesity worsen the severity of infection, possibly via liver dysfunction and alterations in retinoid metabolism. The model could be tested by determining the presence of retinoids in the secretions of patients with influenza and by studies of retinoid profiles in patients and controls. Potential strategies for prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Mawson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University,
350 West Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Room 229, Jackson, MS 39213, USA
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26
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Hamilton BS, Whittaker GR. Cleavage activation of human-adapted influenza virus subtypes by kallikrein-related peptidases 5 and 12. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17399-407. [PMID: 23612974 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical step in the influenza virus replication cycle is the cleavage activation of the HA precursor. Cleavage activation of influenza HA enables fusion with the host endosome, allowing for release of the viral genome into the host cell. To date, studies have determined that HA activation is driven by trypsin-like host cell proteases, as well as yet to be identified bacterial proteases. Although the number of host proteases that can activate HA is growing, there is still uncertainty regarding which secreted proteases are able to support multicycle replication of influenza. In this study, we have determined that the kallikrein-related peptidases 5 and 12 are secreted from the human respiratory tract and have the ability to cleave and activate HA from the H1, H2, and H3 subtypes. Each peptidase appears to have a preference for particular influenza subtypes, with kallikrein 5 cleaving the H1 and H3 subtypes most efficiently and kallikrein 12 cleaving the H1 and H2 subtypes most efficiently. Cleavage analysis using HA cleavage site peptide mimics revealed that the amino acids neighboring the arginine cleavage site affect cleavage efficiency. Additionally, the thrombolytic zymogens plasminogen, urokinase, and plasma kallikrein have all been shown to cleave and activate influenza but are found circulating mainly as inactive precursors. Kallikrein 5 and kallikrein 12 were examined for their ability to activate the thrombolytic zymogens, and both resulted in activation of each zymogen, with kallikrein 12 being a more potent activator. Activation of the thrombolytic zymogens may therefore allow for both direct and indirect activation of the HA of human-adapted influenza viruses by kallikrein 5 and kallikrein 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Hamilton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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27
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Lenzi L, Wiens A, Pontarolo R. The characteristics, clinical manifestations and outcomes of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in the elderly. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2013; 46:135-40. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0024-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Li C, Ba Q, Wu A, Zhang H, Deng T, Jiang T. A peptide derived from the C-terminus of PB1 inhibits influenza virus replication by interfering with viral polymerase assembly. FEBS J 2013; 280:1139-49. [PMID: 23279951 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Efficient assembly of the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a heterotrimeric complex formed by three subunits (PA, PB1 and PB2) is critical for virus replication and pathogenicity. Therefore, interfering with the assembly of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex could offer novel and effective anti-influenza therapeutics. In the present study, we show that a short peptide derived from amino acids 731-757 of PB1 (PB1(731-757)) can disrupt the interaction between the C-terminal part of PB1 (denoted as PB1c corresponding to PB1(676-757)) and the N-terminal part of PB2 (denoted as PB2n corresponding to PB2(1-40) ). We further show that PB1(731-757) is capable of inhibiting viral polymerase activity and viral replication. Interestingly, we find that PB1(731-757) interacts with PB1c rather than PB2n. Furthermore, mutational analyses show that the hydrophobic sites of PB1c play an essential role in the PB1c-PB1(731-757) interaction. The characterization of the inhibitory effect of PB1(731-757) on viral polymerase activity and viral replication could offer a potential target for anti-influenza drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lenzi L, Wiens A, Grochocki MHC, Pontarolo R. Study of the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and new influenza A (H1N1). Braz J Infect Dis 2012; 15:457-61. [PMID: 22230852 DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(11)70227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pandemic of new influenza A (H1N1) has spread rapidly throughout the world, characterized by high transmissibility, but low pathogenicity and virulence. The aim of this study was to understand the pandemic event and available technologies for disease surveillance, prevention, control and management. METHODS In this retrospective study, we used data from patients in the State of Paraná who had been diagnosed with the disease during the 2009 pandemic. Data were collected from the disease notification form and the study only included patients with confirmed laboratory diagnosis by RT-PCR. RESULTS We present the epidemiological profile of 4,740 patients that met the inclusion criteria. The variables age, level of schooling and gestational age were shown to be associated with mortality due to the infection. Gender and race/ethnicity were not associated with the outcome of the infection. CONCLUSION These results underscore the importance of knowing the variables associated with unfavorable outcomes of pandemic influenza infection in order to minimize the health related consequences. Attention should be given to its forms of transmission and to the frailty of certain age groups that have no cross-immunity.
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Morgan JG. Avian H5N1 influenza: In or out flew-enza? Bioeng Bugs 2012; 3:145-6. [PMID: 22572782 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Abstract
Recent recommendations by the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) to redact key methodological details of two studies involving mammal-to-mammal transmission of the H5N1 (H5) subtype influenza viruses, has led to a temporary moratorium on all research involving live H5N1 or H5 HA reassortant viruses shown to be transmissible in ferrets. Herein, I review the events which led to this impasse and comment on their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland.
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32
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Lenzi L, Mello ÂMD, Silva LRD, Grochocki MHC, Pontarolo R. Influenza pandêmica A (H1N1) 2009: fatores de risco para o internamento. J Bras Pneumol 2012; 38:57-65. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132012000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os aspectos da influenza pandêmica A (H1N1) 2009 em pacientes hospitalizados a fim de identificar os fatores de risco para o internamento e, consequentemente, para o agravamento da doença. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional e retrospectivo realizado entre março e dezembro de 2010. Os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde. Foram incluídos somente os pacientes hospitalizados e não hospitalizados com confirmação laboratorial da infecção durante o período de estudo. As variáveis referentes às características demográficas e clínicas foram avaliadas estatisticamente a fim de comparar as taxas de internamento na presença ou na ausência desses fatores. Os fatores de risco foram identificados por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 4.740 pacientes com confirmação laboratorial da infecção. Desses, 1.911 foram internados, e 258 (13,5%) foram a óbito. Os fatores de risco para o internamento foram idade (faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos), etnia negra ou indígena, presença de algumas comorbidades (cardiopatias, pneumopatias, nefropatias, hemoglobinopatia, imunodepressão, diabetes, obesidade, puerpério e tabagismo), número alto de comorbidades associadas, e alguns sintomas (dispneia, diarreia, vômito, dor torácica, hemoptise, pneumonia e sibilos). Níveis maiores de escolaridade e uso precoce do oseltamivir foram relacionados a fatores de proteção. A hospitalização contribuiu para o aumento da sobrevida. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento das características epidemiológicas que podem estar associadas a internação, gravidade da doença e mortalidade podem ser úteis na adoção de medidas preventivas e no diagnóstico e tratamento precoce da doença, colaborando para a diminuição dos óbitos e da necessidade de hospitalização.
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33
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Public Health, Communicable Diseases and Global Health. Mol Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC7150074 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381451-7.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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34
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Mänz B, Götz V, Wunderlich K, Eisel J, Kirchmair J, Stech J, Stech O, Chase G, Frank R, Schwemmle M. Disruption of the viral polymerase complex assembly as a novel approach to attenuate influenza A virus. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:8414-8424. [PMID: 21183679 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.205534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a novel attenuation strategy applicable to all influenza A viruses, we targeted the highly conserved protein-protein interaction of the viral polymerase subunits PA and PB1. We postulated that impaired binding between PA and PB1 would negatively affect trimeric polymerase complex formation, leading to reduced viral replication efficiency in vivo. As proof of concept, we introduced single or multiple amino acid substitutions into the protein-protein-binding domains of either PB1 or PA, or both, to decrease binding affinity and polymerase activity substantially. As expected, upon generation of recombinant influenza A viruses (SC35M strain) containing these mutations, many pseudo-revertants appeared that partially restored PA-PB1 binding and polymerase activity. These polymerase assembly mutants displayed drastic attenuation in cell culture and mice. The attenuation of the polymerase assembly mutants was maintained in IFNα/β receptor knock-out mice. As exemplified using a H5N1 polymerase assembly mutant, this attenuation strategy can be also applied to other highly pathogenic influenza A virus strains. Thus, we provide proof of principle that targeted mutation of the highly conserved interaction domains of PA and PB1 represents a novel strategy to attenuate influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mänz
- From the Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Götz
- From the Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wunderlich
- From the Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Eisel
- From the Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stech
- the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany, and
| | - Olga Stech
- the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany, and
| | - Geoffrey Chase
- From the Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Frank
- the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- From the Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany,.
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35
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siRNA for Influenza Therapy. Viruses 2010; 2:1448-1457. [PMID: 21994689 PMCID: PMC3185718 DOI: 10.3390/v2071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is one of the most prevalent and ancient infections in humans. About a fifth of world’s population is infected by influenza virus annually, leading to high morbidity and mortality, particularly in infants, the elderly and the immunocompromised. In the US alone, influenza outbreaks lead to roughly 30,000 deaths each year. Current vaccines and anti-influenza drugs are of limited use due to high mutation rate of the virus and side effects. In recent years, RNA interference, triggered by synthetic short interfering RNA (siRNA), has rapidly evolved as a potent antiviral regimen. Properly designed siRNAs have been shown to function as potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication. The siRNAs outperform traditional small molecule antivirals in a number of areas, such as ease of design, modest cost, and fast turnaround. Although specificity and tissue delivery remain major bottlenecks in the clinical applications of RNAi in general, intranasal application of siRNA against respiratory viruses including, but not limited to influenza virus, has experienced significant success and optimism, which is reviewed here.
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36
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Qin M, Wang DY, Huang F, Nie K, Qu M, Wang M, Shu YL, Ma XJ. Detection of pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR with a GeXP analyzer. J Virol Methods 2010; 168:255-8. [PMID: 20452377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel application of the GeXP genetic analysis system for the differential detection of pandemic influenza A H1N1 from seasonal influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 is described. The assay was evaluated using identified influenza viruses and clinical samples. The results indicate that the assay is both highly sensitive and specific for the detection of the pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus with a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction superior to that of assays in use currently. The assay is able to detect potential mixed infections. This technique has the potential to provide both a powerful method to enhance surveillance of influenza and a platform for investigating the differentiation of other similar pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuan Wu District, Beijing 100052, China
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37
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To KKW, Li IWS, Hung IFN, Cheng VCC, Yuen KY. Pathogenesis of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection and the implication on management. FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE IN CHINA 2010; 4:147-156. [PMID: 32214991 PMCID: PMC7088550 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-010-0030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus has caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century, leading to disproportionate fatalities in the low-risk population despite the generally mild nature of the illness. Advances in science and technology have allowed very detailed study on the pathogenesis of this novel virus, and many have already been published in less than a year after the start of the pandemic. Information generated from cell lines, animal models, and clinical data analysis has provided us with greater understanding of the behavior of this virus and the associated host response. The new knowledge will allow us to formulate scientifically sound and evidence-based management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Carol Yu Center for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Wai-Sum Li
- Carol Yu Center for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Carol Yu Center for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- Carol Yu Center for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Carol Yu Center for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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38
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Abstract
Public health preparedness requires effective surveillance of and rapid response to infectious disease outbreaks. Inclusion of research activities within the outbreak setting provides important opportunities to maximize limited resources, to enhance gains in scientific knowledge, and ultimately to increase levels of preparedness. With rapid advances in laboratory technologies, banking and analysis of human genomic specimens can be conducted as part of public health investigations, enabling valuable research well into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Dowling
- Office of Public Health Genomics, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Marta Gwinn
- Office of Public Health Genomics, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Alison Mawle
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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39
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Clifford M, Twigg J, Upton C. Evidence for a novel gene associated with human influenza A viruses. Virol J 2009; 6:198. [PMID: 19917120 PMCID: PMC2780412 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus genomes are comprised of 8 negative strand single-stranded RNA segments and are thought to encode 11 proteins, which are all translated from mRNAs complementary to the genomic strands. Although human, swine and avian influenza A viruses are very similar, cross-species infections are usually limited. However, antigenic differences are considerable and when viruses become established in a different host or if novel viruses are created by re-assortment devastating pandemics may arise. RESULTS Examination of influenza A virus genomes from the early 20th Century revealed the association of a 167 codon ORF encoded by the genomic strand of segment 8 with human isolates. Close to the timing of the 1948 pseudopandemic, a mutation occurred that resulted in the extension of this ORF to 216 codons. Since 1948, this ORF has been almost totally maintained in human influenza A viruses suggesting a selectable biological function. The discovery of cytotoxic T cells responding to an epitope encoded by this ORF suggests that it is translated into protein. Evidence of several other non-traditionally translated polypeptides in influenza A virus support the translation of this genomic strand ORF. The gene product is predicted to have a signal sequence and two transmembrane domains. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that the genomic strand of segment 8 of encodes a novel influenza A virus protein. The persistence and conservation of this genomic strand ORF for almost a century in human influenza A viruses provides strong evidence that it is translated into a polypeptide that enhances viral fitness in the human host. This has important consequences for the interpretation of experiments that utilize mutations in the NS1 and NEP genes of segment 8 and also for the consideration of events that may alter the spread and/or pathogenesis of swine and avian influenza A viruses in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - James Twigg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Chris Upton
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
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40
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Wunderlich K, Mayer D, Ranadheera C, Holler AS, Mänz B, Martin A, Chase G, Tegge W, Frank R, Kessler U, Schwemmle M. Identification of a PA-binding peptide with inhibitory activity against influenza A and B virus replication. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7517. [PMID: 19841738 PMCID: PMC2759517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new drugs against influenza type A and B viruses due to incomplete protection by vaccines and the emergence of resistance to current antivirals. The influenza virus polymerase complex, consisting of the PB1, PB2 and PA subunits, represents a promising target for the development of new drugs. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of targeting the protein-protein interaction domain between the PB1 and PA subunits of the polymerase complex of influenza A virus using a small peptide derived from the PA-binding domain of PB1. However, this influenza A virus-derived peptide did not affect influenza B virus polymerase activity. Here we report that the PA-binding domain of the polymerase subunit PB1 of influenza A and B viruses is highly conserved and that mutual amino acid exchange shows that they cannot be functionally exchanged with each other. Based on phylogenetic analysis and a novel biochemical ELISA-based screening approach, we were able to identify an influenza A-derived peptide with a single influenza B-specific amino acid substitution which efficiently binds to PA of both virus types. This dual-binding peptide blocked the viral polymerase activity and growth of both virus types. Our findings provide proof of principle that protein-protein interaction inhibitors can be generated against influenza A and B viruses. Furthermore, this dual-binding peptide, combined with our novel screening method, is a promising platform to identify new antiviral lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Mayer
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlene Ranadheera
- PiKe Pharma GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Mänz
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arnold Martin
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Chase
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Werner Tegge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronald Frank
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schwemmle
- Department of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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41
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Design and validation of real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3454-60. [PMID: 19726603 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01103-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking novel influenza viruses which have the potential to cause pandemics, such as the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, is a public health priority. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was first identified in Mexico in April 2009 and spread worldwide over a short period of time. Well-validated diagnostic tools that are rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection and tracking of this virus are needed. Three real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus were developed, and their performance characteristics were compared with those of other published diagnostic assays. Thirty-nine samples confirmed to be positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus from Alberta, Canada, and six additional samples that were positive for influenza A virus but that were not typeable by using published seasonal influenza H1/H3 virus assays were available for this validation. Amplification and direct sequencing of the products was considered the "gold standard" for case identification. The new assays were sensitive and able to reproducibly detect virus in a 10(-6) dilution of 4 x 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml when 5 microl was used as the template. They showed 100% specificity and did not cross-react with other respiratory viruses or seasonal influenza A virus subtypes. The coefficient of variation in crossing cycle threshold values for the detection of different template concentrations of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was < or =3.13%, showing good reproducibility. The assays had a wide dynamic range for the detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and utilized testing platforms appropriate for high diagnostic throughput with rapid turnaround times. We developed and validated these real-time PCR procedures with the goal that they will be useful for diagnosis and surveillance of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. These findings will contribute to the informed management of this novel virus.
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Maines TR, Jayaraman A, Belser JA, Wadford DA, Pappas C, Zeng H, Gustin KM, Pearce MB, Viswanathan K, Shriver ZH, Raman R, Cox NJ, Sasisekharan R, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. Transmission and pathogenesis of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses in ferrets and mice. Science 2009; 325:484-7. [PMID: 19574347 DOI: 10.1126/science.1177238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humans caused by a novel swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus underscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. In this study, selected 2009 A(H1N1) influenza isolates were assessed for their ability to cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporary seasonal H1N1 virus for their ability to transmit to naïve ferrets through respiratory droplets. In contrast to seasonal influenza H1N1 virus, 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses caused increased morbidity, replicated to higher titers in lung tissue, and were recovered from the intestinal tract of intranasally inoculated ferrets. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses exhibited less efficient respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets in comparison with the highly transmissible phenotype of a seasonal H1N1 virus. Transmission of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses was further corroborated by characterizing the binding specificity of the viral hemagglutinin to the sialylated glycan receptors (in the human host) by use of dose-dependent direct receptor-binding and human lung tissue-binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taronna R Maines
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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