1
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Coe AM, Li G, Andrei EY. Cryogen-free modular scanning tunneling microscope operating at 4-K in high magnetic field on a compact ultra-high vacuum platform. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:083702. [PMID: 39105599 DOI: 10.1063/5.0212244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
One of the daunting challenges in modern low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is the difficulty of combining atomic resolution with cryogen-free cooling. Further functionality needs, such as ultra-high vacuum (UHV), high magnetic field (HF), and compatibility with μm-sized samples, pose additional challenges to an already ambitious build. We present the design, construction, and performance of a cryogen-free, UHV, low temperature, and high magnetic field system for modular STM operation. An internal vibration isolator reduces vibrations in this system, allowing for atomic resolution STM imaging while maintaining a low base temperature of ∼4 K and magnetic fields up to 9 T. Samples and tips can be conditioned in situ utilizing a heating stage, an ion sputtering gun, an e-beam evaporator, a tip treater, and sample exfoliation. In situ sample and tip exchange and alignment are performed in a connected UHV room temperature stage with optical access. Multisite operation without breaking vacuum is enabled by a unique quick-connect STM head design. A novel low-profile vertical transfer mechanism permits transferring the STM between room temperature and the low temperature cryostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Coe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Eva Y Andrei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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2
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Mallada B, Villalobos F, Donoso B, Casares R, Longhi G, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Jiménez-Martín A, Haïdour A, Seepersaud R, Rajagopal L, de la Torre B, Millán A, Cuerva JM. Single-Molecule Identification of the Isomers of a Lipidic Antibody Activator. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6935-6942. [PMID: 38935930 PMCID: PMC11247479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Molecular structural elucidation can be accomplished by different techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or X-ray diffraction. However, the former does not give information about the three-dimensional atomic arrangement, and the latter needs crystallizable solid samples. An alternative is direct, real-space visualization of the molecules by cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This technique is usually limited to thermally robust molecules because an annealing step is required for sample deposition. A landmark development has been the coupling of STM with electrospray deposition (ESD), which smooths the process and widens the scope of the visualization technique. In this work, we present the on-surface characterization of air-, light-, and temperature-sensitive rhamnopolyene with relevance in molecular biology. Supported by theoretical calculations, we characterize two isomers of this flexible molecule, confirming the potential of the technique to inspect labile, non-crystallizable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mallada
- Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química
Aplicada a la Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Donoso
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química
Aplicada a la Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Casares
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química
Aplicada a la Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Universitá di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jesús I. Mendieta-Moreno
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Martín
- Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 11519 Prague, Czech
Republic
| | - Ali Haïdour
- Unidad
de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Instrumentación
Científica, Universidad de Granada, Paseo Juan Osorio s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ravin Seepersaud
- Center
for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center
for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department
of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký
University Olomouc, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alba Millán
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química
Aplicada a la Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química
Aplicada a la Biomedicina y Medioambiente, C. U. Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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3
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Coe AM, Li G, Andrei EY. Quick-connect scanning tunneling microscope head with nested piezoelectric coarse walkers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073703. [PMID: 38958515 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
To meet changing research demands, new scanning tunneling microscope (STM) features must constantly evolve. We describe the design, development, and performance of a modular plug-in STM, which is compact and stable. The STM head is equipped with a quick-connect socket that is matched to a universal connector plug, enabling it to be transferred between systems. This head can be introduced into a vacuum system via a load-lock and transferred to various sites equipped with the connector plug, permitting multi-site STM operation. Its design allows for reliable operation in a variety of experimental conditions, including a broad temperature range, ultra-high vacuum, high magnetic fields, and closed-cycle pulse-tube cooling. The STM's compact size is achieved by a novel nested piezoelectric coarse walker design, which allows for large orthogonal travel in the X, Y, and Z directions, ideal for studying both bulk and thin film samples ranging in size from mm to μm. Its stability and noise tolerance are demonstrated by achieving atomic resolution under ambient conditions on a laboratory desktop with no vibrational or acoustic isolation. The operation of the nested coarse walkers is demonstrated by successful navigation to a μm-sized 2D sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Coe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Eva Y Andrei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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4
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Muñoz-Juan A, Nuez-Martínez M, Laromaine A, Viñas C. Exploring the Role of Metal in the Biointeraction of Metallacarboranes with C. elegans Embryos. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302484. [PMID: 37870209 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Cobaltabis(dicarbollides), ferrabis(dicarbollide), and their halogenated derivatives are the most studied metallacarboranes with great medical potential. These versatile compounds and their iodinated derivatives can be used in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, particle therapy, and bioimaging when isotopes are used. These metallacarboranes have been evaluated in vitro and recently in vivo with complex animal models. Lately, these studies have been complemented using the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nematode largely used in toxicology. When evaluated at the L4 stage, cobaltabis(dicarbollides), ([o-COSAN]- and [8,8'-I2 -o-COSAN]- ), exhibited a higher mean lethal dose (LD50 ) than ferrabis(dicarbollides) ([o-FESAN]- and [8,8'-I2 -o-FESAN]- ). In this work, we used the C. elegans embryos since they are a complex biological barrier with concentric layers of polysaccharides and proteins that protect them from the environment. We assessed if the metal atom changes their biointeraction with the C. elegans embryos. First, we assessed the effects on embryo development for metallacarboranes and their di-iodinated derivatives. We observed changes in color and in their surface structure. An exhaustive physicochemical characterization was performed to understand better this interaction, revealing a stronger interaction of ferrabis(dicarbollide) compounds with C. elegans embryos than the cobaltabis(dicarbollide) molecules. Unveiling the biological interaction of these compounds is of great interest for their future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Muñoz-Juan
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Nuez-Martínez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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5
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Abdoul-Carime H, Lys E, Gipouloux J, Rabilloud F. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Fragmentation of Ethylenediamine Induced by Low-Energy (<10 eV) Electrons. Molecules 2023; 29:191. [PMID: 38202774 PMCID: PMC10780159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylenediamine is industrially used as an intermediate for the fabrication of many products. The development of new methodologies for synthesis compatible with the environment and sustainability, such as cold plasma processes, implicates reactions induced by nonthermal electrons. In this contribution, we study the interaction of low-energy (<10 eV) electrons with ethylenediamine. We show that electrons induce the fragmentation of the molecule into various anion fragments and associated neutral counterparts via dissociative electron attachment. The fragmentation mechanisms and energetics are discussed in the frame of DFT calculations. The fragmentation processes are quantified by the estimation of the cross sections and the branching ratios for competitive accessible dissociation routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abdoul-Carime
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5822, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Elena Lys
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR5822, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Jeanne Gipouloux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS/INP, UMR5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France (F.R.)
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière, CNRS/INP, UMR5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France (F.R.)
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6
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Srivastava G, Štacko P, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Edalatmanesh S, Kistemaker JCM, Heideman GH, Zoppi L, Parschau M, Feringa BL, Ernst KH. Driving a Third Generation Molecular Motor with Electrons Across a Surface. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3931-3938. [PMID: 36794964 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Excitation of single molecules with electrons tunneling between a sharp metallic tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and a metal surface is one way to study and control dynamics of molecules on surfaces. Electron tunneling induced dynamics may lead to hopping, rotation, molecular switching, or chemical reactions. Molecular motors that convert rotation of subgroups into lateral movement on a surface can in principle also be driven by tunneling electrons. For such surface-bound motor molecules the efficiency of motor action with respect to electron dose is still not known. Here, the response of a molecular motor containing two rotor units in the form of overcrowded alkene groups to inelastic electron tunneling has been examined on a Cu(111) surface in ultrahigh vacuum at 5 K. Upon vibrational excitation, switching between different molecular conformations is observed, including conversion of enantiomeric states of chiral conformations. Tunneling at energies in the range of electronic excitations causes activation of motor action and movement across the surface. The expected unidirectional rotation of the two rotor units causes forward movements but with a low degree of translational directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika Srivastava
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter Štacko
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shayan Edalatmanesh
- Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jos C M Kistemaker
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G Henrieke Heideman
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura Zoppi
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Parschau
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Molecular Surface Science and Coating Technology Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Nanosurf Laboratory, Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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An Y, Tang X, Wang W, Hao D, Zhao X, Wang M, Ye X, Shan X, Lu X. Spatially Resolved Stimulation for the Controlled Debromination in Single Molecules on a Surface. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18592-18600. [PMID: 36066020 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A controlled chemical reaction on a specific bond in a single molecule is an inevitable step toward atomic engineering and fabrication. Here, we explored the debromination of a single 9,10-dibromoanthracene (DBA) molecule on a surface as stimulated by the voltage pulse through the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A voltage threshold of about 2.2 V is obtained, and the nature of single-electron process is revealed. The spatially resolved debromination yield is obtained as a function of the pulse magnitude, which presents strong asymmetry for the two C-Br bonds. The optimal stimulation parameters including the pulse magnitude and the tip locations are suggested. The distinct dynamics in dissociation of the two bonds are illustrated by their energy diagrams and recoil paths, as derived by the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The influence of the local electric field due to the STM tip on the dissociation of the C-Br bond has also been discussed. The study presents detailed practice for the controlled debromination in a single DBA molecule, which may lead to automated atomic engineering and fabrication of artificial nanostructures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiangqian Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinjia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Muyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xia Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinyan Shan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinghua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed-Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing, 100190, China
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8
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Li S, Czap G, Li J, Zhang Y, Yu A, Yuan D, Kimura H, Wu R, Ho W. Confinement-Induced Catalytic Dissociation of Hydrogen Molecules in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9618-9623. [PMID: 35486711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic scission of single chemical bonds has been induced by the nanoscale confinement in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) junction. Individual hydrogen molecules sandwiched between the STM tip and a copper substrate can be dissociated solely by the reciprocating movement of the tip. The reaction rate depends sensitively on the local molecular environment, as exemplified by the effects of a nearby carbon monoxide molecule or a gold adatom. Detailed mechanisms and the nature of the transition states are revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides insights into chemical reactions at the atomic scale induced by localized confinement applied by the STM tip. Furthermore, a single diatomic molecule can act as a molecular catalyst to enhance the reaction rate on a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Gregory Czap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Yanxing Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States.,College of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Arthur Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Dingwang Yuan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hikari Kimura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - W Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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9
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Yao W, Wang K, Ismaiel YA, Wang R, Cai X, Teeler M, Gibb BC. Electrostatic Potential Field Effects on Amine Macrocyclizations within Yoctoliter Spaces: Supramolecular Electron Withdrawing/Donating Groups. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9333-9340. [PMID: 34355901 PMCID: PMC8383300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
central role of Coulombic interactions in enzyme catalysis
has inspired multiple approaches to sculpting electrostatic potential
fields (EPFs) for controlling chemical reactivity, including ion gradients
in water microdroplets, the tips of STMs, and precisely engineered
crystals. These are powerful tools because EPFs can affect all reactions,
even those whose mechanisms do not involve formal charges. For some
time now, supramolecular chemists have become increasingly proficient
in using encapsulation to control stoichiometric and catalytic reactions.
However, the field has not taken advantage of the broad range of nanocontainers
available to systematically explore how EPFs can affect reactions
within their inner-spaces. With that idea in mind, previously, we
reported on how positively and negatively charged supramolecular capsules
can modulate the acidity and reactivity of thiol guests bound within
their inner, yoctoliter spaces (Cai, X.; Kataria, R.; Gibb, B. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 8291–8298; Wang, K.; Cai, X.; Yao, W.; Tang, D.; Kataria,
R.; Ashbaugh, H. S.; Byers, L. D.; Gibb, B. C. J. Am. Chem.
Soc.2019, 141, 6740–6747).
Building on this, we report here on the cyclization of 14-bromotetradecan-1-amine
inside these yoctoliter containers. We examine the rate and activation
thermodynamics of cyclization (Eyring analysis), both in the absence
and presence of exogenous salts whose complementary ion can bind to
the outside of the capsule and hence attenuate its EPF. We find the
cyclization rates and activation thermodynamics in the two capsules
to be similar, but that for either capsule attenuation of the EPF
slows the reaction down considerably. We conclude the capsules behave
in a manner akin to covalently attached electron donating/withdrawing
groups in a substrate, with each capsule enforcing their own deviations
from the idealized SN2 mechanism by moving electron density
and charge in the activated complex and TS, and that the idealized
SN2 mechanism inside the theoretical neutral host is relatively
difficult because of the lack of solvation of the TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Yahya A Ismaiel
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Mary Teeler
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Bruce C Gibb
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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10
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Xu J, Zhu X, Tan S, Zhang Y, Li B, Tian Y, Shan H, Cui X, Zhao A, Dong Z, Yang J, Luo Y, Wang B, Hou JG. Determining structural and chemical heterogeneities of surface species at the single-bond limit. Science 2021; 371:818-822. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yunzhe Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huan Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xuefeng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenchao Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J. G. Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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11
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Zhuang X, Wu Q, Zhang A, Liao L, Fang B. Single-molecule biotechnology for protein researches. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Manipulation of Molecular Spin State on Surfaces Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122393. [PMID: 33266045 PMCID: PMC7761235 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adsorbed magnetic molecules with tunable spin states have drawn wide attention for their immense potential in the emerging fields of molecular spintronics and quantum computing. One of the key issues toward their application is the efficient controlling of their spin state. This review briefly summarizes the recent progress in the field of molecular spin state manipulation on surfaces. We focus on the molecular spins originated from the unpaired electrons of which the Kondo effect and spin excitation can be detected by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM and STS). Studies of the molecular spin-carriers in three categories are overviewed, i.e., the ones solely composed of main group elements, the ones comprising 3d-metals, and the ones comprising 4f-metals. Several frequently used strategies for tuning molecular spin state are exemplified, including chemical reactions, reversible atomic/molecular chemisorption, and STM-tip manipulations. The summary of the successful case studies of molecular spin state manipulation may not only facilitate the fundamental understanding of molecular magnetism and spintronics but also inspire the design of the molecule-based spintronic devices and materials.
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13
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Li Y, Yang C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Electrical Detection: A Promising Route toward the Fundamental Limits of Chemistry and Life Science. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:159-169. [PMID: 31545589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate limit of analytical chemistry is single-molecule detection, which allows one to visualize the dynamic processes of chemical/biological interactions with single-molecule or single-event sensitivity and hence enables the study of stochastic fluctuations under equilibrium conditions and the observation of time trajectories and reaction pathways of individual species in nonequilibrated systems. In addition, such studies may also allow the direct observation of novel microscopic quantum effects and fundamental discoveries of underlying molecular mechanisms in organic reactions and biological processes that are not accessible in ensemble experiments, thus providing unique opportunities to solve the key problems of physical, chemical, and life sciences. Consequently, the field of single-molecule detection has received considerable attention and has witnessed tremendous advances in different directions in combination with other disciplines. This Account describes our ongoing work on the development of groundbreaking methods (termed "single-molecule electrical approaches") of translating the detailed processes of chemical reactions or biological functions into detectable electrical signals at the single-event level on the platform of single-molecule electronic devices, with a particular focus on graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs) and silicon-nanowire-based single-molecule electrical nanocircuits. These nanocircuit-based architectures are complementary to conventional optical or mechanical techniques but exhibit obvious advantages such as the absence of problems associated with bleaching and fluorescent labeling. Dash-line lithography (DLL) is an efficient lithographic method of cutting graphene and forming carboxylic-acid-functionalized nanogapped graphene point contact arrays developed to address the formidable challenges of molecular device fabrication difficulty and poor stability. Molecules of interest terminated by amines on both ends can be covalently sandwiched between graphene point contacts to create high-throughput robust GMG-SMJs containing only one molecule as the conductive element. In conjunction with the ease of device fabrication and device stability, this feature distinguishes GMG-SMJs as a new testbed platform for single-molecule analysis characterized by high temporal resolution and superior signal-to-noise ratios. By exploiting the DLL method, we have fabricated molecular devices that are sensitive to external stimuli and are capable of transducing chemical/biochemical events into electrical signals at the single-molecule level, with notable examples including host-guest interaction, hydrogen bond dynamics, DNA intercalation, photoinduced conformational transition, carbocation formation, nucleophilic addition, and stereoelectronic effect. In addition to GMG-SMJs and considering compatibility with the silicon-based industry, we have also developed a reliable method of point-functionalizing silicon-nanowire-based nanotransistors to afford single-molecule electrical nanocircuits. This approach proved to be a robust platform for single-molecule electrical analysis capable of probing fast dynamic processes such as single-protein detection, DNA hybridization/polymorphism, and motor rotation dynamics. The above systematic investigations emphasize the importance and unique advantages of universal single-molecule electrical approaches for realizing direct, label-free, real-time electrical measurements of reaction dynamics with single-event sensitivity. These approaches promise a fascinating mainstream platform to explore the dynamics of stochastic processes in chemical/biological systems as well as gain information in fields ranging from reaction chemistry for elucidating the intrinsic mechanisms to genomics or proteomics for accurate molecular and even point-of-care clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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14
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Wang C, Chi L, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemische Synthese an Oberflächen mit Präzision in atomarer Größenordnung: Beherrschung von Komplexität und Genauigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 V.R. China
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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15
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Wang C, Chi L, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemical Synthesis at Surfaces with Atomic Precision: Taming Complexity and Perfection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18758-18775. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional, Materials & DevicesSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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16
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Bozhko SI, Walshe K, Tulina N, Walls B, Lübben O, Murphy BE, Bozhko V, Shvets IV. Surface modification on MoO 2+x/Mo(110) induced by a local electric potential. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6216. [PMID: 30996282 PMCID: PMC6470205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen adatoms on the MoO2+x/Mo(110) surface are observed to be removed when a sufficiently large bias is applied between the scanning tunneling microscope tip and the surface. Experimental observations, such as the bias polarity dependence of adatom removal and the observation of an intermediate state, indicate that the adatom penetrates the surface oxide layer. Through the comparison of finite element method simulations with various experimental relationships, the electric field is concluded to be the sole contributor to adatom penetration into the surface oxide layer. The energetic barrier to this process is estimated to be approximately 0.45 eV in magnitude. Furthermore, the resolution of this phenomenon is on the atomic scale: individual adatoms can undergo surface penetration whilst their nearest neighbour adatoms, separated by 5 Å, are unaffected. The mechanism reported here has the advantages of not strongly influencing the substrate and is exceptionally localised, which can be beneficial for the synthesis of single atom devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Bozhko
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow District, 142432, Russia.,School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Killian Walshe
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Natalia Tulina
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow District, 142432, Russia
| | - Brian Walls
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Olaf Lübben
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Barry E Murphy
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vladimir Bozhko
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow District, 142432, Russia
| | - Igor V Shvets
- School of Physics and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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17
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Clair S, de Oteyza DG. Controlling a Chemical Coupling Reaction on a Surface: Tools and Strategies for On-Surface Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4717-4776. [PMID: 30875199 PMCID: PMC6477809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis is appearing as an extremely promising research field aimed at creating new organic materials. A large number of chemical reactions have been successfully demonstrated to take place directly on surfaces through unusual reaction mechanisms. In some cases the reaction conditions can be properly tuned to steer the formation of the reaction products. It is thus possible to control the initiation step of the reaction and its degree of advancement (the kinetics, the reaction yield); the nature of the reaction products (selectivity control, particularly in the case of competing processes); as well as the structure, position, and orientation of the covalent compounds, or the quality of the as-formed networks in terms of order and extension. The aim of our review is thus to provide an extensive description of all tools and strategies reported to date and to put them into perspective. We specifically define the different approaches available and group them into a few general categories. In the last part, we demonstrate the effective maturation of the on-surface synthesis field by reporting systems that are getting closer to application-relevant levels thanks to the use of advanced control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Aix
Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia
International Physics Center, San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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18
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Yu L, Wu S, Liu Y, Song P, Xia L. Distance-regulating surface plasmon catalyzed coupling reaction of p-nitrophenyl disulfide. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35646-35650. [PMID: 35547937 PMCID: PMC9087908 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to regulate the intermolecular distance of PNTP molecules on the surface of silver foil by breaking the S-S bond of NPDS. Though changing the laser wavelength and power, SERS conditions, the Raman spectra of NPDS and PNTP with different concentrations were compared. We found that, under SERS conditions, NPDS converted more efficiently than PNTP to DMAB at low-concentration with low-power and low-energy irradiation. The results indicate that the distance between molecules plays a significant role in the reaction of PNTP to form DMAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University Shenyang 110036 China
| | - Shiwei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University Shenyang 110036 China .,Experimental Center of Shenyang Normal University Shenyang 110034 China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University Shenyang 110036 China
| | - Peng Song
- College of Physical, Liaoning University Shenyang 110036 China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University Shenyang 110036 China
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19
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Pope T, Du S, Gao HJ, Hofer WA. Electronic effects and fundamental physics studied in molecular interfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5508-5517. [PMID: 29726883 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scanning probe instruments in conjunction with a very low temperature environment have revolutionized the ability of building, functionalizing, and analysing two dimensional interfaces in the last twenty years. In addition, the availability of fast, reliable, and increasingly sophisticated methods to simulate the structure and dynamics of these interfaces allow us to capture even very small effects at the atomic and molecular level. In this review we shall focus largely on metal surfaces and organic molecular compounds and show that building systems from the bottom up and controlling the physical properties of such systems is no longer within the realm of the desirable, but has become day to day reality in our best laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pope
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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20
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Fang Y, Jiang Y, Cherukara MJ, Shi F, Koehler K, Freyermuth G, Isheim D, Narayanan B, Nicholls AW, Seidman DN, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Tian B. Alloy-assisted deposition of three-dimensional arrays of atomic gold catalyst for crystal growth studies. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2014. [PMID: 29222439 PMCID: PMC5722855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale assembly of individual atoms over smooth surfaces is difficult to achieve. A configuration of an atom reservoir, in which individual atoms can be readily extracted, may successfully address this challenge. In this work, we demonstrate that a liquid gold–silicon alloy established in classical vapor–liquid–solid growth can deposit ordered and three-dimensional rings of isolated gold atoms over silicon nanowire sidewalls. We perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and unveil a surprising single atomic gold-catalyzed chemical etching of silicon. Experimental verification of this catalytic process in silicon nanowires yields dopant-dependent, massive and ordered 3D grooves with spacing down to ~5 nm. Finally, we use these grooves as self-labeled and ex situ markers to resolve several complex silicon growths, including the formation of nodes, kinks, scale-like interfaces, and curved backbones. Parallel patterning of atoms over a large surface would represent a major advance over current serial methods of single atom manipulation. Here, the authors explore a periodic instability from liquid alloy droplets for high-throughput atom printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mathew J Cherukara
- The X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Fengyuan Shi
- The Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Kelliann Koehler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - George Freyermuth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dieter Isheim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,The Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Badri Narayanan
- The Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Alan W Nicholls
- The Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - David N Seidman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,The Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- The Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA. .,Computation Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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21
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lü JT, Brandbyge M, Berndt R. Mechanochemistry Induced Using Force Exerted by a Functionalized Microscope Tip. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices; Department of Electronics; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices; Department of Electronics; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P.R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- DTU-Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel; 24098 Kiel Germany
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22
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Mechanochemistry Induced Using Force Exerted by a Functionalized Microscope Tip. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11769-11773. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molekulares Kästchenpapier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Departement Chemie; Universität Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU; Guangzhou V.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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24
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molecular Graph Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8290-8294. [PMID: 28544167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a self-assembled template that consists of tetraphenylmethane derivatives and adopts a periodic lateral arrangement on a Au(111) surface with acetyl groups sticking out of the molecular film. By using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, these acetyl groups can be removed in a spatially controlled way without significantly affecting the remaining molecular assembly. The chemically modified molecules can be readily distinguished from the original ones such that information can be engraved in the molecular film. Both the modified nature of an individual molecule and the order of the molecular film are shown to persist at room temperature. The mesh size of this molecular graph paper can be tuned by varying the length of the molecular spacer so that writing and reading information on the nanoscale with variable letter sizes becomes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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Amsharov K. Rational Synthesis of Fullerenes, Buckybowls, and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by a Surface-Assisted Approach. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2017_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Wiengarten A, Lloyd JA, Seufert K, Reichert J, Auwärter W, Han R, Duncan DA, Allegretti F, Fischer S, Oh SC, Sağlam Ö, Jiang L, Vijayaraghavan S, Écija D, Papageorgiou AC, Barth JV. Surface-Assisted Cyclodehydrogenation; Break the Symmetry, Enhance the Selectivity. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26211450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity in chemical reactions is a major objective in industrial processes to minimize spurious byproducts and to save scarce resources. In homogeneous catalysis the most important factor which determines selectivity is structural symmetry. However, a transfer of the symmetry concept to heterogeneous catalysis still requires a detailed comprehension of the underlying processes. Here, we investigate a ring-closing reaction in surface-confined meso-substituted porphyrin molecules by scanning tunneling microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and computational modeling. The identification of reaction intermediates enables us to analyze the reaction pathway and to conclude that the symmetry of the porphyrin core is of pivotal importance regarding product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Wiengarten
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Julian A Lloyd
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 (Australia)
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Hainrichstrasse 28 V, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany).
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Runyuan Han
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - David A Duncan
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE (UK)
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Sybille Fischer
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Seung Cheol Oh
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Özge Sağlam
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Cad.156, Balcova, Izmir (Turkey)
| | - Li Jiang
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Saranyan Vijayaraghavan
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Corrosion and materials protection division CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamilnadu (India)
| | - David Écija
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: IMDEA NANOSCIENCE, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany).
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
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27
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Muthukumar K, Valentí R, Jeschke HO. Dynamics of tungsten hexacarbonyl, dicobalt octacarbonyl, and their fragments adsorbed on silica surfaces. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:184706. [PMID: 24832298 DOI: 10.1063/1.4873584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tungsten and cobalt carbonyls adsorbed on a substrate are typical starting points for the electron beam induced deposition of tungsten or cobalt based metallic nanostructures. We employ first principles molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamics and vibrational spectra of W(CO)6 and W(CO)5 as well as Co2(CO)8 and Co(CO)4 precursor molecules on fully and partially hydroxylated silica surfaces. Such surfaces resemble the initial conditions of electron beam induced growth processes. We find that both W(CO)6 and Co2(CO)8 are stable at room temperature and mobile on a silica surface saturated with hydroxyl groups (OH), moving up to half an Angström per picosecond. In contrast, chemisorbed W(CO)5 or Co(CO)4 ions at room temperature do not change their binding site. These results contribute to gaining fundamental insight into how the molecules behave in the simulated time window of 20 ps and our determined vibrational spectra of all species provide signatures for experimentally distinguishing the form in which precursors cover a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliappan Muthukumar
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roser Valentí
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald O Jeschke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Zhang JL, Zhong JQ, Lin JD, Hu WP, Wu K, Xu GQ, Wee ATS, Chen W. Towards single molecule switches. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2998-3022. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00377b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) controlled reversible switching of a single-dipole molecule imbedded in hydrogen-bonded binary molecular networks on graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Department of Physics
- National University of Singapore
| | - Jian Qiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Department of Physics
- National University of Singapore
| | - Jia Dan Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Department of Physics
- National University of Singapore
| | - Wen Ping Hu
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tian Jin
- China
| | - Kai Wu
- Singapore-Peking University Research Center for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future
- Singapore
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Guo Qin Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Singapore-Peking University Research Center for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future
- Singapore
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Department of Physics
- National University of Singapore
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29
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Jahanbekam A, Mazur U, Hipps KW. A new variable temperature solution-solid interface scanning tunneling microscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:103701. [PMID: 25362397 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a new solution-solid (SS) interface scanning tunneling microscope design that enables imaging at high temperatures with low thermal drift and with volatile solvents. In this new design, distinct from the conventional designs, the entire microscope is surrounded in a controlled-temperature and controlled-atmosphere chamber. This allows users to take measurements at high temperatures while minimizing thermal drift. By incorporating an open solution reservoir in the chamber, solvent evaporation from the sample is minimized; allowing users to use volatile solvents for temperature dependent studies at high temperatures. The new design enables the user to image at the SS interface with some volatile solvents for long periods of time (>24 h). An increase in the nonlinearity of the piezoelectric scanner in the lateral direction as a function of temperature is addressed. A temperature dependent study of cobalt(II) octaethylporphyrin (CoOEP) at the toluene/Au(111) interface has been performed with this instrument. It is demonstrated that the lattice parameters remain constant within experimental error from 24 °C to 75 °C. Similar quality images were obtained over the entire temperature range. We report the unit cell of CoOEP at the toluene/Au(111) interface (based on two molecules per unit cell) to be A = (1.36 ± 0.04) nm, B = (2.51 ± 0.04) nm, and α = 97° ± 2°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Jahanbekam
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - Ursula Mazur
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - K W Hipps
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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30
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Dinca LE, MacLeod JM, Lipton-Duffin J, Fu C, Ma D, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Tip-induced C-H activation and oligomerization of thienoanthracenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8791-3. [PMID: 24967741 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can be used to dehydrogenate freely-diffusing tetrathienoanthracene (TTA) molecules on Cu(111), trapping the molecules into metal-coordinated oligomeric structures. The process proceeds at bias voltages above ~3 V and produces organometallic structures identical to those resulting from the thermally-activated cross-coupling of a halogenated analogue. The process appears to be substrate dependent: no oligomerization was observed on Ag(111) or HOPG. This approach demonstrates the possibility of controlled synthesis and nanoscale patterning of 2D oligomer structures on selected surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Dinca
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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31
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Ernst KH. Charged-molecule physics. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5375-5379. [PMID: 24916331 DOI: 10.1021/nn5030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Commonly, chemical modification is considered to be the ultimate way to tune properties of graphene for new devices. The work of Riss and colleagues reported in this issue of ACS Nano demonstrates a reverse approach that enables tuning of molecular properties with graphene. When a back-gate voltage is used, the Fermi level of graphene is shifted with respect to the electronic states of the molecules. This extra electric field opens fascinating new routes toward ultimate sensitive sensors or experimental devices for studying new molecular physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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32
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Motobayashi K, Kim Y, Arafune R, Ohara M, Ueba H, Kawai M. Dissociation pathways of a single dimethyl disulfide on Cu(111): Reaction induced by simultaneous excitation of two vibrational modes. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:194705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4875537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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33
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Zhang Z, Sheng S, Zheng H, Xu H, Sun M. Molecular resonant dissociation of surface-adsorbed molecules by plasmonic nanoscissors. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4903-4908. [PMID: 24671142 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06799h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to break individual bonds or specific modes in chemical reactions is an ardently sought goal by chemists and physicists. While photochemistry based methodologies are very successful in controlling e.g. photocatalysis, photosynthesis and the degradation of plastic, it is hard to break individual molecular bonds for those molecules adsorbed on the surface because of the weak light-absorption in molecules and the redistribution of the resulting vibrational energy both inside the molecule and to its surrounding environment. Here we show how to overcome these obstacles with a plasmonic hot-electron mediated process and demonstrate a new method that allows the sensitive control of resonant dissociation of surface-adsorbed molecules by 'plasmonic' scissors. To that end, we used a high-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (HV-TERS) setup to dissociate resonantly excited NC2H6 fragments from Malachite green. The surface plasmons (SPs) excited at the sharp metal tip not only enhance the local electric field to harvest the light incident from the laser, but crucially supply 'hot electrons' whose energy can be transferred to individual bonds. These processes are resonant Raman, which result in some active chemical bonds and then weaken these bonds, followed by dumping in lots of indiscriminant energy and breaking the weakest bond. The method allows for sensitive control of both the rate and probability of dissociation through their dependence on the density of hot electrons, which can be manipulated by tuning the laser intensity or tunneling current/bias voltage in the HV-TERS setup, respectively. The concepts of plasmonic scissors open up new versatile avenues for the deep understanding of in situ surface-catalyzed chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 603-146, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Roy S, Mujica V, Ratner MA. Chemistry at molecular junctions: Rotation and dissociation of O2 on the Ag(110) surface induced by a scanning tunneling microscope. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Eder G, Smith EF, Cebula I, Heckl WM, Beton PH, Lackinger M. Solution preparation of two-dimensional covalently linked networks by polymerization of 1,3,5-Tri(4-iodophenyl)benzene on Au(111). ACS NANO 2013; 7:3014-3021. [PMID: 23472582 DOI: 10.1021/nn400337v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of 1,3,5-tri(4-iodophenyl)benzene (TIPB) on Au(111) through covalent aryl-aryl coupling is accomplished using a solution-based approach and investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Drop-casting of the TIPB monomer onto Au(111) at room temperature results in poorly ordered noncovalent arrangements of molecules and partial dehalogenation. However, drop-casting on a preheated Au(111) substrate yields various topologically distinct covalent aggregates and networks. Interestingly, some of these covalent nanostructures do not adsorb directly on the Au(111) surface, but are loosely bound to a disordered layer of a mixture of chemisorbed iodine and molecules, a conclusion that is drawn from STM data and supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We argue that the gold surface becomes covered by a strongly chemisorbed iodine monolayer which eventually inhibits further polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Eder
- TUM School of Education and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Tech Univ Munich, Schellingstrasse 33, 80799 Munich, Germany
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36
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Jiang Y, Huan Q, Fabris L, Bazan GC, Ho W. Submolecular control, spectroscopy and imaging of bond-selective chemistry in single functionalized molecules. Nat Chem 2012; 5:36-41. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Ryan PM, Livadaru L, DiLabio GA, Wolkow RA. Organic Nanostructures on Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Report on Electric Field Modulation of Dangling Bond Charge State. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12054-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3017208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Ryan
- Department
of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G
2E1
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
| | - Lucian Livadaru
- Department
of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G
2E1
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
| | - Gino A. DiLabio
- Department
of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G
2E1
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
| | - Robert A. Wolkow
- Department
of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G
2E1
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada T6G 2M9
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38
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Dong B, Fang Y, Chen X, Xu H, Sun M. Substrate-, wavelength-, and time-dependent plasmon-assisted surface catalysis reaction of 4-nitrobenzenethiol dimerizing to p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene on Au, Ag, and Cu films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:10677-10682. [PMID: 21819110 DOI: 10.1021/la2018538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we experimentally investigate the substrate, wavelength, and time dependence of the plasmon-assisted surface-catalyzed dimerization of 4-nitrobenzenethiol to form p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene on Au, Ag, and Cu films. We provide direct experimental evidence that surface plasmon resonance plays the most important role in these surface-catalyzed reactions. It is found that the reaction is strongly dependent on the substrate, the wavelength of the laser, and the reaction timescales. Our experimental results revealed that optimal experimental conditions can be rationally chosen to control (accelerate or restrain) this reaction. The experimental results are also confirmed by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603-146, Beijing 100190, PR China
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39
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Clair S, Ourdjini O, Abel M, Porte L. Tip- or electron beam-induced surface polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8028-30. [PMID: 21666933 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Control on the formation of a two-dimensional polymer could be achieved in two different ways. Manipulation with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope allowed for assigning the localization of the polymerization reaction. Additionally, electron irradiation could accelerate greatly the reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- IM2NP-CNRS UMR6242-Aix Marseille University, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques-Campus de saint Jérôme-Case 142, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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40
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Parschau M, Rieder KH, Hug HJ, Ernst KH. Single-Molecule Chemistry and Analysis: Mode-Specific Dehydrogenation of Adsorbed Propene by Inelastic Electron Tunneling. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5689-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja200143z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Barth C, Foster AS, Henry CR, Shluger AL. Recent trends in surface characterization and chemistry with high-resolution scanning force methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:477-501. [PMID: 21254251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The current status and future prospects of non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) for studying insulating surfaces and thin insulating films in high resolution are discussed. The rapid development of these techniques and their use in combination with other scanning probe microscopy methods over the last few years has made them increasingly relevant for studying, controlling, and functionalizing the surfaces of many key materials. After introducing the instruments and the basic terminology associated with them, state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical studies of insulating surfaces and thin films are discussed, with specific focus on defects, atomic and molecular adsorbates, doping, and metallic nanoclusters. The latest achievements in atomic site-specific force spectroscopy and the identification of defects by crystal doping, work function, and surface charge imaging are reviewed and recent progress being made in high-resolution imaging in air and liquids is detailed. Finally, some of the key challenges for the future development of the considered fields are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Barth
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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42
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Sakulsermsuk S, Sloan PA, Palmer RE. A new mechanism of atomic manipulation: bond-selective molecular dissociation via thermally activated electron attachment. ACS NANO 2010; 4:7344-7348. [PMID: 20958011 DOI: 10.1021/nn101468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a new mechanism of (bond-selective) atomic manipulation in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We demonstrate a channel for one-electron-induced C-Cl bond dissociation in chlorobenzene molecules chemisorbed on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface, at room temperature and above, which is thermally activated. We find an Arrhenius thermal energy barrier to one-electron dissociation of 0.8 ± 0.2 eV, which we correlate explicitly with the barrier between chemisorbed and physisorbed precursor states of the molecule. Thermal excitation promotes the target molecule from a state where one-electron dissociation is suppressed to a transient state where efficient one-electron dissociation, analogous to the gas-phase negative-ion resonance process, occurs. We expect the mechanism will be obtained in many surface systems, and not just in STM manipulation, but in photon and electron beam stimulated (selective) chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumet Sakulsermsuk
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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43
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Lin H, Rauba JMC, Thygesen KS, Jacobsen KW, Simmons MY, Hofer WA. First-principles modelling of scanning tunneling microscopy using non-equilibrium Green’s functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11467-010-0133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Motobayashi K, Kim Y, Ueba H, Kawai M. Insight into action spectroscopy for single molecule motion and reactions through inelastic electron tunneling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:076101. [PMID: 20868059 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.076101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We propose a versatile formula that describes action spectra for vibrationally mediated reactions of single molecules with a scanning tunneling microscope. Spectral fitting of the formula to CO hopping and the configurational change of the cis-2-butene molecule on Pd(110) enables us to determine the vibrational energy, reaction order, and transition rate associated with anharmonic coupling between the modes excited by tunneling electrons and the reaction-coordinate modes. The formula proposed here is general and easy to apply to any vibrationally mediated motion and reaction of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Motobayashi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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45
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Lämmle K, Trevethan T, Schwarz A, Watkins M, Shluger A, Wiesendanger R. Unambiguous determination of the adsorption geometry of a metal--organic complex on a bulk insulator. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:2965-2971. [PMID: 20608713 DOI: 10.1021/nl101290t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Individual molecules of Co-Salen, a small chiral paramagnetic metal--organic Schiff base complex, were deposited on NaCl(001) and subsequently imaged with noncontact atomic force microscopy employing Cr coated tips in a cryogenic ultrahigh vacuum environment. Images were obtained in which both the position and orientation of the adsorbed molecules and the atomic structure of the surface are resolved simultaneously, enabling the determination of the exact adsorption site. Density functional theory calculations were used to identify the ionic sublattice resolved with the Cr tip and also to confirm the adsorption site and orientation of the molecule on the surface. These calculations show that the central Co atom of the molecule physisorbs on top of a Cl ion and is aligned along 110-directions in its lowest energy configuration. In addition, a local energy minimum exists along 100-directions. Due to the chirality of the molecule, two mirror symmetric configurations rotated by approximately +/-5 degrees away from these directions are energetically equivalent. The resulting 16 low energy configurations are observed in the experimental images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Lämmle
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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46
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Liljeroth P, Swart I, Paavilainen S, Repp J, Meyer G. Single-molecule synthesis and characterization of metal-ligand complexes by low-temperature STM. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:2475-2479. [PMID: 20527787 DOI: 10.1021/nl100834v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)-based single-molecule synthesis of linear metal-ligand complexes starting from individual metal atoms (iron or nickel) and organic molecules (9,10-dicyanoanthracene) deposited on an ultrathin insulating film. We directly visualize the frontier molecular orbitals by STM orbital imaging, from which, in conjunction with detailed density functional theory calculations, the electronic structure of the complexes is inferred. Our studies show how the order of the molecular orbitals and the spin-state of the complex can be engineered through the choice of the metal atom. The high-spin iron complex has a singly occupied delocalized orbital with a large spin-splitting that points to the use of these engineered complexes as modular building blocks in molecular spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Liljeroth
- IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory, Ruschlikon, Switzerland.
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47
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Sloan PA. Time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy for molecular science. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:264001. [PMID: 21386458 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/26/264001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and its application in molecular science are reviewed. STM can image individual atoms and molecules and thus is able to observe the results of molecular processes such as diffusion, desorption, configuration switching, bond-breaking and chemistry, on the atomic scale. This review will introduce time-resolved STM, its experimental limitations and implementations with particular emphasis on thermally activated and tunnelling current induced molecular processes. It will briefly examine the push towards ultrafast imaging. In general, results achieved by time-resolved STM demonstrate the necessity of both space and time resolution for fully characterizing molecular processes on the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Sloan
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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48
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Parschau M, Hug HJ, Rieder KH, Ernst KH. Hopping, turning and flipping of single molecules during lateral manipulation with a scanning tunneling microscope. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, UK.
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50
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Fremy S, Schwarz A, Lämmle K, Prosenc M, Wiesendanger R. The monomer-to-dimer transition and bimodal growth of Co-salen on NaCl(001): a high resolution atomic force microscopy study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:405608. [PMID: 19752497 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/40/405608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecules of Co-salen, a paramagnetic metal-organic Schiff base complex, self-assemble into two different well ordered morphologies on a NaCl(001) substrate: nanowires, which form networks, and compact nanocrystallites. Their growth can be controlled by adjusting the deposition parameters. It turns out that the nanowires are metastable. Molecular resolution images suggest that the packing in both morphologies is the same as in bulk Co-salen single crystals. Only the orientation of the c-axis with respect to the substrate is different. The origin of this intriguing bimodal growth is associated with a monomer-to-dimer transition, which probably takes place during initial nucleation at step edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fremy
- Institute of Applied Physics and Microstructure Research Center, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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