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Wei C, Vanhatalo A, Black MI, Blackwell JR, Rajaram R, Kadach S, Jones AM. Relationships between nitric oxide biomarkers and physiological outcomes following dietary nitrate supplementation. Nitric Oxide 2024; 148:23-33. [PMID: 38697467 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation can increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve muscle contractile function in humans. Plasma nitrite concentration (plasma [NO2-]) is the most oft-used biomarker of NO bioavailability. However, it is unclear which of several NO biomarkers (NO3-, NO2-, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs)) in plasma, whole blood (WB), red blood cells (RBC) and skeletal muscle correlate with the physiological effects of acute and chronic dietary NO3- supplementation. Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 12 participants (9 males) consumed NO3--rich beetroot juice (BR) (∼12.8 mmol NO3-) and NO3--depleted placebo beetroot juice (PL) acutely and then chronically (for two weeks). Biological samples were collected, resting BP was assessed, and 10 maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors were performed at 2.5-3.5 h following supplement ingestion on day 1 and day 14. Diastolic BP was significantly lower in BR (-2 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.03) compared to PL following acute supplementation, while the absolute rate of torque development (RTD) was significantly greater in BR at 0-30 ms (39 ± 57 N m s-1, P = 0.03) and 0-50 ms (79 ± 99 N m s-1, P = 0.02) compared to PL following two weeks supplementation. Greater WB [RSNOs] rather than plasma [NO2-] was correlated with lower diastolic BP (r = -0.68, P = 0.02) in BR compared to PL following acute supplementation, while greater skeletal muscle [NO3-] was correlated with greater RTD at 0-30 ms (r = 0.64, P=0.03) in BR compared to PL following chronic supplementation. We conclude that [RSNOs] in blood, and [NO3-] in skeletal muscle, are relevant biomarkers of NO bioavailability which are related to the reduction of BP and the enhanced muscle contractile function following dietary NO3- ingestion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wei
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Matthew I Black
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Jamie R Blackwell
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Raghini Rajaram
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Stefan Kadach
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's campus, Exeter, EX81JS, UK.
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2
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Moyal A, Nazemian R, Colon EP, Zhu L, Benzar R, Palmer NR, Craycroft M, Hausladen A, Premont RT, Stamler JS, Klick J, Reynolds JD. Renal dysfunction in adults following cardiopulmonary bypass is linked to declines in S-nitroso hemoglobin: a case series. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:2425-2431. [PMID: 38694342 PMCID: PMC11060257 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired kidney function is frequently observed in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Our group has previously linked blood transfusion to acute declines in S-nitroso haemoglobin (SNO-Hb; the main regulator of tissue oxygen delivery), reductions in intraoperative renal blood flow, and postoperative kidney dysfunction. While not all CPB patients receive blood, kidney injury is still common. We hypothesized that the CPB procedure itself may negatively impact SNO-Hb levels leading to renal dysfunction. Materials and methods After obtaining written informed consent, blood samples were procured immediately before and after CPB, and on postoperative day (POD) 1. SNO-Hb levels, renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR), and plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations were quantified. Additional outcome data were extracted from the patients' medical records. Results Twenty-seven patients were enroled, three withdrew consent, and one was excluded after developing bacteremia. SNO-Hb levels declined after surgery and were directly correlated with declines in eGFR (R=0.48). Conversely, plasma EPO concentrations were elevated and inversely correlated with SNO-Hb (R=-0.53) and eGFR (R=-0.55). Finally, ICU stay negatively correlated with SNO-Hb concentration (R=-0.32). Conclusion SNO-Hb levels are reduced following CPB in the absence of allogenic blood transfusion and are predictive of decreased renal function and prolonged ICU stay. Thus, therapies directed at maintaining or increasing SNO-Hb levels may improve outcomes in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Nazemian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Departments ofAnesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Edwin Pacheco Colon
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Departments ofAnesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Departments ofAnesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Ruth Benzar
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Departments ofAnesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | | | | | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Departments ofAnesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - Richard T. Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Cardiology, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Cardiology, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - John Klick
- Departments ofAnesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
| | - James D. Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine
- Departments ofAnesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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Turner R, Rasmussen P, Gatterer H, Tremblay JC, Roche J, Strapazzon G, Roveri G, Lawley J, Siebenmann C. Cerebral blood flow regulation in hypobaric hypoxia: role of haemoconcentration. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38687185 DOI: 10.1113/jp285169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
During acute hypoxic exposure, cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases to compensate for the reduced arterial oxygen content (CaO2). Nevertheless, as exposure extends, both CaO2 and CBF progressively normalize. Haemoconcentration is the primary mechanism underlying the CaO2 restoration and may therefore explain, at least in part, the CBF normalization. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that reversing the haemoconcentration associated with extended hypoxic exposure returns CBF towards the values observed in acute hypoxia. Twenty-three healthy lowlanders (12 females) completed two identical 4-day sojourns in a hypobaric chamber, one in normoxia (NX) and one in hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 3500 m). CBF was measured by ultrasound after 1, 6, 12, 48 and 96 h and compared between sojourns to assess the time course of changes in CBF. In addition, CBF was measured at the end of the HH sojourn after hypervolaemic haemodilution. Compared with NX, CBF was increased in HH after 1 h (P = 0.001) but similar at all later time points (all P > 0.199). Haemoglobin concentration was higher in HH than NX from 12 h to 96 h (all P < 0.001). While haemodilution reduced haemoglobin concentration from 14.8 ± 1.0 to 13.9 ± 1.2 g·dl-1 (P < 0.001), it did not increase CBF (974 ± 282 to 872 ± 200 ml·min-1; P = 0.135). We thus conclude that, at least at this moderate altitude, haemoconcentration is not the primary mechanism underlying CBF normalization with acclimatization. These data ostensibly reflect the fact that CBF regulation at high altitude is a complex process that integrates physiological variables beyond CaO2. KEY POINTS: Acute hypoxia causes an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, as exposure extends, CBF progressively normalizes. We investigated whether hypoxia-induced haemoconcentration contributes to the normalization of CBF during extended hypoxia. Following 4 days of hypobaric hypoxic exposure (corresponding to 3500 m altitude), we measured CBF before and after abolishing hypoxia-induced haemoconcentration by hypervolaemic haemodilution. Contrary to our hypothesis, the haemodilution did not increase CBF in hypoxia. Our findings do not support haemoconcentration as a stimulus for the CBF normalization during extended hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Turner
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Joshua C Tremblay
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK
| | - Johanna Roche
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Roveri
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Justin Lawley
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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4
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Lav Madsen P, Sejersen C, Nyberg M, Sørensen MH, Hellsten Y, Gaede P, Bojer AS. The cardiovascular changes underlying a low cardiac output with exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1294369. [PMID: 38571722 PMCID: PMC10987967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1294369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The significant morbidity and premature mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is largely associated with its cardiovascular consequences. Focus has long been on the arterial atheromatosis of DM giving rise to early stroke and myocardial infarctions, whereas less attention has been given to its non-ischemic cardiovascular consequences. Irrespective of ischemic changes, T2DM is associated with heart failure (HF) most commonly with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Largely due to increasing population ages, hypertension, obesity and T2DM, HFpEF is becoming the most prevalent form of heart failure. Unfortunately, randomized controlled trials of HFpEF have largely been futile, and it now seems logical to address the important different phenotypes of HFpEF to understand their underlying pathophysiology. In the early phases, HFpEF is associated with a significantly impaired ability to increase cardiac output with exercise. The lowered cardiac output with exercise results from both cardiac and peripheral causes. T2DM is associated with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction based on LV hypertrophy with myocardial disperse fibrosis and significantly impaired ability for myocardial blood flow increments with exercise. T2DM is also associated with impaired ability for skeletal muscle vasodilation during exercise, and as is the case in the myocardium, such changes may be related to vascular rarefaction. The present review discusses the underlying phenotypical changes of the heart and peripheral vascular system and their importance for an adequate increase in cardiac output. Since many of the described cardiovascular changes with T2DM must be considered difficult to change if fully developed, it is suggested that patients with T2DM are early evaluated with respect to their cardiovascular compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Lav Madsen
- Department Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Sejersen
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department Kidney and Vascular Biology, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ylva Hellsten
- The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Gaede
- Department Endocrinology, Slagelse-Næstved Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemie Stege Bojer
- Department Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department Endocrinology, Slagelse-Næstved Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Chatzinikolaou PN, Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, D'Alessandro A, Nikolaidis MG. Erythrocyte metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14081. [PMID: 38270467 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected and connected the available biochemical pathways and integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus of this map is on the main biochemical pathways consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen metabolism, purine/nucleoside metabolism, and membrane transport. Other recently emerging pathways are also curated, like the methionine salvage pathway, the glyoxalase system, carnitine metabolism, and the lands cycle, as well as remnants of the carboxylic acid metabolism. An additional goal of this review is to present the dynamics of erythrocyte metabolism, providing key numbers used to perform basic quantitative analyses. By synthesizing experimental and computational data, we conclude that glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and redox metabolism are the foundations of erythrocyte metabolism. Additionally, the erythrocyte can sense oxygen levels and oxidative stress adjusting its mechanics, metabolism, and function. In conclusion, fine-tuning of erythrocyte metabolism controls one of the most important biological processes, that is, oxygen loading, transport, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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Solanki K, Bezsonov E, Orekhov A, Parihar SP, Vaja S, White FA, Obukhov AG, Baig MS. Effect of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species on signaling pathways in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107282. [PMID: 38325566 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which fats, lipids, cholesterol, calcium, proliferating smooth muscle cells, and immune cells accumulate in the intima of the large arteries, forming atherosclerotic plaques. A complex interplay of various vascular and immune cells takes place during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Multiple reports indicate that tight control of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) production is critical for maintaining vascular health. Unrestricted ROS and RNS generation may lead to activation of various inflammatory signaling pathways, facilitating atherosclerosis. Given these deleterious consequences, it is important to understand how ROS and RNS affect the signaling processes involved in atherogenesis. Conversely, RSS appears to exhibit an atheroprotective potential and can alleviate the deleterious effects of ROS and RNS. Herein, we review the literature describing the effects of ROS, RNS, and RSS on vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages and focus on how changes in their production affect the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This review also discusses the contribution of ROS, RNS, and RSS in mediating various post-translational modifications, such as oxidation, nitrosylation, and sulfation, of the molecules involved in inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Solanki
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Evgeny Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; The Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Turgenev State University of Orel, Orel, Russia
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shivani Vaja
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Fletcher A White
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India.
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7
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Rogers SC, Brummet M, Safari Z, Wang Q, Rowden T, Boyer T, Doctor A. COVID-19 impairs oxygen delivery by altering red blood cell hematological, hemorheological, and oxygen transport properties. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1320697. [PMID: 38235386 PMCID: PMC10791868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1320697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by impaired oxygen (O2) homeostasis, including O2 sensing, uptake, transport/delivery, and consumption. Red blood cells (RBCs) are central to maintaining O2 homeostasis and undergo direct exposure to coronavirus in vivo. We thus hypothesized that COVID-19 alters RBC properties relevant to O2 homeostasis, including the hematological profile, Hb O2 transport characteristics, rheology, and the hypoxic vasodilatory (HVD) reflex. Methods: RBCs from 18 hospitalized COVID-19 subjects and 20 healthy controls were analyzed as follows: (i) clinical hematological parameters (complete blood count; hematology analyzer); (ii) O2 dissociation curves (p50, Hill number, and Bohr plot; Hemox-Analyzer); (iii) rheological properties (osmotic fragility, deformability, and aggregation; laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer (LORRCA) ektacytometry); and (iv) vasoactivity (the RBC HVD; vascular ring bioassay). Results: Compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls, COVID-19 subjects demonstrated 1) significant hematological differences (increased WBC count-with a higher percentage of neutrophils); RBC distribution width (RDW); and reduced hematocrit (HCT), Hb concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC); 2) impaired O2-carrying capacity and O2 capacitance (resulting from anemia) without difference in p50 or Hb-O2 cooperativity; 3) compromised regulation of RBC volume (altered osmotic fragility); 4) reduced RBC deformability; 5) accelerated RBC aggregation kinetics; and (6) no change in the RBC HVD reflex. Discussion: When considered collectively, homeostatic compensation for these RBC impairments requires that the cardiac output in the COVID cohort would need to increase by ∼135% to maintain O2 delivery similar to that in the control cohort. Additionally, the COVID-19 disease RBC properties were found to be exaggerated in blood-type O hospitalized COVID-19 subjects compared to blood-type A. These data indicate that altered RBC features in hospitalized COVID-19 subjects burden the cardiovascular system to maintain O2 delivery homeostasis, which appears exaggerated by blood type (more pronounced with blood-type O) and likely plays a role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Allan Doctor
- Divisions of Critical Care Medicine and the Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Bonato G, Goodman S, Tjh L. Physiological and performance effects of live high train low altitude training for elite endurance athletes: A narrative review. Curr Res Physiol 2023; 6:100113. [PMID: 38107789 PMCID: PMC10724230 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Altitude training has become an important training application for athletes due its potential for altering physiology and enhancing performance. This practice is commonly used by athletes, with a popular choice being the live high - train low approach. This model recommends that athletes live at high altitude (1250-3000 m), but train at low altitude or sea-level (0-1200 m). Exposure to altitude often leads to hypoxic stress and in turn stimulates changes in total haemoglobin mass, erythropoietin, and soluble transferrin receptors, which alter further underlying physiology. Through enhanced physiology, improved exercise performance may arise through enhancement of the oxygen transport system which is important for endurance events. Previous investigations into the effects of altitude training on exercise performance have been completed in a range of contexts, including running, cycling, swimming, and triathlon. Often following a LHTL altitude intervention, athletes realise improvements in maximal oxygen consumption capacity, time trial performance and peak power outputs. Although heterogeneity exists among LHTL methodologies, i.e., exposure durations and altitude ranges, we synthesised this data into kilometre hours, and found that the most common hypoxic doses used in LHTL interventions ranged from ∼578-687 km h. As this narrative review demonstrates, there are potential advantages to using altitude training to enhance physiology and improve performance for endurance athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Bonato
- Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, Armidale, 2350, Australia
- College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - S.P.J Goodman
- Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, Armidale, 2350, Australia
| | - Lathlean Tjh
- Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, Armidale, 2350, Australia
- The Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, 5000, Australia
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9
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Krasinkiewicz JM, Hubbard D, Perez de Guzman N, Masters A, Zhao Y, Gaston H, Gaston B. Erythrocytic metabolism of ATLX-0199: An agent that increases minute ventilation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:171-176. [PMID: 37741264 PMCID: PMC10681028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Both L- and D-isomers of S-nitrosocysteine (CSNO) can bind to the intracellular domain of voltage-gated potassium channels in vitro. CSNO binding inhibits these channels in the carotid body, leading to increased minute ventilation in vivo. However, only the l-isomer is active in vivo because it requires the l-amino acid transporter (LAT) for transmembrane transport. In rodents and dogs, the esterified D-CSNO precursor-d-cystine dimethyl ester (ATLX-0199)-overcomes opioid- and benzodiazepine-induced respiratory depression while maintaining analgesia. Although ATLX-0199 can enter cells independently of LAT because it is an ester, its stability in plasma is limited by the presence of esterases. Here, we hypothesized that the drug could be sequestered in erythrocytes to avoid de-esterification in circulation. We developed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for detecting ATLX-0199 and characterized a new metabolite, S-nitroso-d-cysteine monomethyl ester (DNOCE), which is also a D-CSNO precursor. We found that both ATLX-0199 and DNOCE readily enter erythrocytes and neurons and remain stable over 20 min; thus ATLX-0199 can enter cells where the ester is stable, but the thiol is reduced. Depending on hemoglobin conformation, the reduced ester can be S-nitrosylated and enter carotid body neurons, where it then increases minute ventilation. These data may help explain the paradox that ATLX-0199, a dimethyl ester, can avoid de-esterification in plasma and exert its effects at the level of the carotid body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Krasinkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Dallin Hubbard
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicholas Perez de Guzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andi Masters
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Core, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | | | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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10
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Razi O, Teixeira AM, Tartibian B, Zamani N, Knechtle B. Respiratory issues in patients with multiple sclerosis as a risk factor during SARS-CoV-2 infection: a potential role for exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1533-1559. [PMID: 36411399 PMCID: PMC9684932 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cytokine storm and is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia problems. The respiratory system is a place of inappropriate activation of the immune system in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this may cause damage to the lung and worsen both MS and infections.The concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis are because of an enhance risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The MS patients pose challenges in this pandemic situation, because of the regulatory defect of autoreactivity of the immune system and neurological and respiratory tract symptoms. In this review, we first indicate respiratory issues associated with both diseases. Then, the main mechanisms inducing lung damages and also impairing the respiratory muscles in individuals with both diseases is discussed. At the end, the leading role of physical exercise on mitigating respiratory issues inducing mechanisms is meticulously evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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11
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Fukuto JM. The chemistry of hydropersulfides (RSSH) as related to possible physiological functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109659. [PMID: 37263465 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are oxidized thiol (RSH) derivatives that have been shown to be biologically prevalent with likely important functions (along with other polysulfur compounds). The functional utility of RSSH can be gleaned from their unique chemical properties. That is, RSSH possess chemical reactivity not present in other biologically relevant sulfur species that should allow them to be used in specific ways in biology as effector/signaling molecules. For example, compared to RSH, RSSH are considered to be superior nucleophiles, reductants and metal ligands. Moreover, unlike RSH, RSSH can be either reductants/nucleophiles or oxidants/electrophiles depending on the protonated state. It has also become clear that studies related to the chemical biology and physiology of hydrogen suflide (H2S) must also consider the effects of RSSH (and related polysulfur species) as they are biochemically linked. Herein is a discussion of the relevant chemistry of RSSH that can serve as a basis for understanding how RSSH can be used by cells to, for example, combat stresses and used in signaling. Also, discussed are some current experimental studies regarding the biological activity of RSSH that can be explained by their chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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12
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Kashiwagi S, Morita A, Yokomizo S, Ogawa E, Komai E, Huang PL, Bragin DE, Atochin DN. Photobiomodulation and nitric oxide signaling. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:58-68. [PMID: 36462596 PMCID: PMC9808891 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known gaseous mediator that maintains vascular homeostasis. Extensive evidence supports that a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular diseases, is endothelial NO deficiency. Thus, restoring endothelial NO represents a promising approach to treating cardiovascular complications. Despite many therapeutic agents having been shown to augment NO bioavailability under various pathological conditions, success in resulting clinical trials has remained elusive. There is solid evidence of diverse beneficial effects of the treatment with low-power near-infrared (NIR) light, defined as photobiomodulation (PBM). Although the precise mechanisms of action of PBM are still elusive, recent studies consistently report that PBM improves endothelial dysfunction via increasing bioavailable NO in a dose-dependent manner and open a feasible path to the use of PBM for treating cardiovascular diseases via augmenting NO bioavailability. In particular, the use of NIR light in the NIR-II window (1000-1700 nm) for PBM, which has reduced scattering and minimal tissue absorption with the largest penetration depth, is emerging as a promising therapy. In this review, we update recent findings on PBM and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Atsuyo Morita
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Denis E Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4720, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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13
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Zanza C, Facelli V, Romenskaya T, Bottinelli M, Caputo G, Piccioni A, Franceschi F, Saviano A, Ojetti V, Savioli G, Longhitano Y. Lactic Acidosis Related to Pharmacotherapy and Human Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121496. [PMID: 36558947 PMCID: PMC9787936 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acidosis represents one of the most common conditions that can compromise the health of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, increasing the mortality of patients with high levels of Lactate who do not receive a proper treatment within the first 6 h of hospitalization. There are two enantiomers of lactic acid: L-lactic acid (when the concentration increases, it can lead to a state of severe acidemia risking cardiovascular collapse, causing an increase in mortality in ICU patients) and D lactic acid (produced in the human organism by microbiota and its production increases during some pathological status). Generally, increased levels of serum lactic acid could be due to numerous factors, including hypoxia (caused for example by septic/cardiogenic/hypovolemic or obstructive shock), specific pathologies (e.g., liver disease), use of some drugs (e.g., metformin), presence of toxins, and trauma. Since the underlying cause could be fatal for the ICU patient, it is important to understand the root of this clinical status with a view to correct it and prevent the risk of a poor clinical outcome. Prevention and early treatment are the keys to control the negative clinical consequences. The aim of this review is to revise the scientific literature for further confirmation about the importance of early identification of acidotic statuses and to underline how an early diagnosis can prevent the worst clinical outcome, especially for ICU patients who are more fragile compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zanza
- Foundation “Ospedale Alba-Bra Onlus,” Department of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital,12060 Verduno, Italy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-334-326-1277
| | - Valentina Facelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tastiana Romenskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bottinelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giorgia Caputo
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Saviano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Department, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yaroslava Longhitano
- Foundation “Ospedale Alba-Bra Onlus,” Department of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Michele and Pietro Ferrero Hospital,12060 Verduno, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera “SS Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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14
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Biological Assessment of the NO-Dependent Endothelial Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227921. [PMID: 36432022 PMCID: PMC9698916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular homeostasis. Reduced NO bioavailability is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, a prequel to many cardiovascular diseases. Biomarkers of an early NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction obtained from routine venous blood sampling would be of great interest but are currently lacking. The direct measurement of circulating NO remains a challenge due by its high reactivity and short half-life. The current techniques measure stable products from the NO signaling pathway or metabolic end products of NO that do not accurately represent its bioavailability and, therefore, endothelial function per se. In this review, we will concentrate on an original technique of low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy capable to directly measure the 5-α-coordinated heme nitrosyl-hemoglobin in the T (tense) state (5-α-nitrosyl-hemoglobin or HbNO) obtained from fresh venous human erythrocytes. In humans, HbNO reflects the bioavailability of NO formed in the vasculature from vascular endothelial NOS or exogenous NO donors with minor contribution from erythrocyte NOS. The HbNO signal is directly correlated with the vascular endothelial function and inversely correlated with vascular oxidative stress. Pilot studies support the validity of HbNO measurements both for the detection of endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic subjects and for the monitoring of such dysfunction in patients with known cardiovascular disease. The impact of therapies or the severity of diseases such as COVID-19 infection involving the endothelium could also be monitored and their incumbent risk of complications better predicted through serial measurements of HbNO.
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15
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De Simone G, di Masi A, Ascenzi P. Strategies of Pathogens to Escape from NO-Based Host Defense. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2176. [PMID: 36358549 PMCID: PMC9686644 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule present in most living organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. NO participates in a wide range of biological processes including vasomotor tone, neurotransmission, and immune response. However, NO is highly reactive and can give rise to reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that, in turn, can modify a broad range of biomolecules. Much evidence supports the critical role of NO in the virulence and replication of viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi, thus representing a general mechanism of host defense. However, pathogens have developed different mechanisms to elude the host NO and to protect themselves against oxidative and nitrosative stress. Here, the strategies evolved by viruses, bacteria, protozoan, metazoan, and fungi to escape from the NO-based host defense are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
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16
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Switzer CH, Fukuto JM. The antioxidant and oxidant properties of hydropersulfides (RSSH) and polysulfide species. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102486. [PMID: 36201912 PMCID: PMC9535303 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become apparent that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydropersulfides (RSSH) and other polysulfide species are all intimately linked biochemically. Indeed, at least some of the biological activity attributed to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may actually be due to its conversion to RSSH and derived polysulfur species (and vice-versa). The unique chemistry associated with the hydropersulfide functional group (-SSH) predicts that it possesses possible protective properties that can help a cell contend with oxidative and/or electrophilic stress. However, since RSSH and polysulfides possess chemical properties akin to disulfides (RSSR), they can also be sources of oxidative/electrophilic stress/signaling as well. Herein are discussed the unique chemistry, possible biochemistry and the physiological implications of RSSH (and polysulfides), especially as it pertains to their putative cellular protection properties against a variety of stresses and/or as possible stressors/signaling agents themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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17
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Zaidi SK, Hoda MN, Tabrez S, Khan MI. Pharmacological Inhibition of Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase 5: Turning Remote Ischemic Conditioning Effective in a Diabetic Stroke Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102051. [PMID: 36290774 PMCID: PMC9598110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to achieve brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) is the primary treatment for ischemic stroke, a significant cause of adult mortality and disability worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO) and its bioactive s-nitrosylated (SNO) reservoirs, such as s-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), induce hypoxic vasodilation to enhance CBF during ischemia. The endogenous pool of SNOs/GSNO is enhanced via the activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS/NOS3) and by the suppression of class III alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5), also known as GSNO reductase (GSNOR). Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), which augments NOS3 activity and SNO, is an emerging therapy in acute stroke. However, RIC has so far shown neutral effects in stroke clinical trials. As the majority of stroke patients are presented with endothelial dysfunctions and comorbidities, we tested the hypothesis that NOS3 dysfunction and diabetes will abolish the protective effects of RIC therapy in stroke, and the prior inhibition of GSNOR will turn RIC protective. Our data demonstrate that RIC during thrombotic stroke failed to enhance the CBF and the benefits of thrombolysis in NOS3 mutant (NOS3+/−) mice, a genetic model of NOS3 dysfunction. Interestingly, thrombotic stroke in diabetic mice enhanced the activity of GSNOR as early as 3 h post-stroke without decreasing the plasma nitrite (NO2−). In thrombotic stroke, neither a pharmacological inhibitor of GSNOR (GRI) nor RIC therapy alone was protective in diabetic mice. However, prior treatment with GRI followed by RIC enhanced the CBF and improved recovery. In a reperfused stroke model, the GRI–RIC combination therapy in diabetic mice augmented PbtO2, a translatory signature of successful microvascular reflow. In addition, RIC therapy unexpectedly increased the inflammatory markers at 6 h post-stroke in diabetic stroke that were downregulated in combination with GRI while improving the outcomes. Thus, we conclude that preexisting NOS3 dysfunctions due to comorbidities may neutralize the benefits of RIC in stroke, which can be turned protective in combination with GRI. Our findings may support the future clinical trial of RIC in comorbid stroke. Further studies are warranted to test and develop SNO reservoirs as the blood-associated biomarker to monitor the response and efficacy of RIC therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Zarenkiewicz J, Perez-Ternero C, Kojasoy V, McGinity C, Khodade VS, Lin J, Tantillo DJ, Toscano JP, Hobbs AJ, Fukuto JM. The reaction of hydropersulfides (RSSH) with S-nitrosothiols (RS-NO) and the biological/physiological implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:459-467. [PMID: 35809768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiol (RS-NO) generation/levels have been implicated as being important to numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. As such, the mechanism(s) of their generation and degradation are important factors in determining their biological activity. Along with the effects on the activity of thiol proteins, RS-NOs have also been reported to be reservoirs or storage forms of nitric oxide (NO). That is, it is hypothesized that NO can be released from RS-NO at opportune times to, for example, regulate vascular tone. However, to date there are few established mechanisms that can account for facile NO release from RS-NO. Recent discovery of the biological formation and prevalence of hydropersulfides (RSSH) and their subsequent reaction with RS-NO species provides a possible route for NO release from RS-NO. Herein, it is found that RSSH is capable of reacting with RS-NO to liberate NO and that the analogous reaction using RSH is not nearly as proficient in generating NO. Moreover, computational results support the prevalence of this reaction over other possible competing processes. Finally, results of biological studies of NO-mediated vasorelaxation are consistent with the idea that RS-NO species can be degraded by RSSH to release NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Perez-Ternero
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Volga Kojasoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher McGinity
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Joseph Lin
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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19
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Chakraborty S, Mukherjee P, Sengupta R. Ribonucleotide reductase: Implications of thiol S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration for different subunits. Nitric Oxide 2022; 127:26-43. [PMID: 35850377 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a multi-subunit enzyme responsible for catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the production of deoxyribonucleotides essential for DNA synthesis and repair. The active RNR complex is composed of multimeric R1 and R2 subunits. The RNR catalysis involves the formation of tyrosyl radicals in R2 subunits and thiyl radicals in R1 subunits. Despite the quaternary structure and cofactor diversity, all the three classes of RNR have a conserved cysteine residue at the active site which is converted into a thiyl radical that initiates the substrate turnover, suggesting that the catalytic mechanism is somewhat similar for all three classes of the RNR enzyme. Increased RNR activity has been associated with malignant transformation, cancer cell growth, and tumorigenesis. Efforts concerning the understanding of RNR inhibition in designing potent RNR inhibitors/drugs as well as developing novel approaches for antibacterial, antiviral treatments, and cancer therapeutics with improved radiosensitization have been made in clinical research. This review highlights the precise and potent roles of NO in RNR inhibition by targeting both the subunits. Under nitrosative stress, the thiols of the R1 subunits have been found to be modified by S-nitrosylation and the tyrosyl radicals of the R2 subunits have been modified by nitration. In view of the recent advances and progresses in the field of nitrosative modifications and its fundamental role in signaling with implications in health and diseases, the present article focuses on the regulations of RNR activity by S-nitrosylation of thiols (R1 subunits) and nitration of tyrosyl residues (R2 subunits) which will further help in designing new drugs and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Prerona Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India.
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20
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Emenike B, Nwajiobi O, Raj M. Covalent Chemical Tools for Profiling Post-Translational Modifications. Front Chem 2022; 10:868773. [PMID: 35860626 PMCID: PMC9289218 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.868773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature increases the functional diversity of the proteome through posttranslational modifications (PTMs); a process that involves the proteolytic processing or catalytic attachment of diverse functional groups onto proteins. These modifications modulate a host of biological activities and responses. Consequently, anomalous PTMs often correlate to a host of diseases, hence there is a need to detect these transformations, both qualitatively and quantitatively. One technique that has gained traction is the use of robust chemical strategies to label different PTMs. By utilizing the intrinsic chemical reactivity of the different chemical groups on the target amino acid residues, this strategy can facilitate the delineation of the overarching and inclusionary roles of these different modifications. Herein, we will discuss the current state of the art in post-translational modification analysis, with a direct focus on covalent chemical methods used for detecting them.
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21
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Ferretti G, Fagoni N, Taboni A, Vinetti G, di Prampero PE. A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1317-1365. [PMID: 35217911 PMCID: PMC9132876 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
After a short historical account, and a discussion of Hill and Meyerhof's theory of the energetics of muscular exercise, we analyse steady-state rest and exercise as the condition wherein coupling of respiration to metabolism is most perfect. The quantitative relationships show that the homeostatic equilibrium, centred around arterial pH of 7.4 and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure of 40 mmHg, is attained when the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide flow ([Formula: see text]) is - 21.6. Several combinations, exploited during exercise, of pertinent respiratory variables are compatible with this equilibrium, allowing adjustment of oxygen flow to oxygen demand without its alteration. During exercise transients, the balance is broken, but the coupling of respiration to metabolism is preserved when, as during moderate exercise, the respiratory system responds faster than the metabolic pathways. At higher exercise intensities, early blood lactate accumulation suggests that the coupling of respiration to metabolism is transiently broken, to be re-established when, at steady state, blood lactate stabilizes at higher levels than resting. In the severe exercise domain, coupling cannot be re-established, so that anaerobic lactic metabolism also contributes to sustain energy demand, lactate concentration goes up and arterial pH falls continuously. The [Formula: see text] decreases below - 21.6, because of ensuing hyperventilation, while lactate keeps being accumulated, so that exercise is rapidly interrupted. The most extreme rupture of the homeostatic equilibrium occurs during breath-holding, because oxygen flow from ambient air to mitochondria is interrupted. No coupling at all is possible between respiration and metabolism in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Département d'Anesthésiologie, Pharmacologie et Soins Intensifs, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Nazzareno Fagoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Taboni
- Département d'Anesthésiologie, Pharmacologie et Soins Intensifs, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Vinetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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22
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Nitrative Stress and Auditory Dysfunction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060649. [PMID: 35745568 PMCID: PMC9227425 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrative stress is increasingly recognized as a critical mediator of apoptotic cell death in many pathological conditions. The accumulation of nitric oxide along with superoxide radicals leads to the generation of peroxynitrite that can eventually result in the nitration of susceptible proteins. Nitrotyrosine is widely used as a biomarker of nitrative stress and indicates oxidative damage to proteins. Ototoxic insults, such as exposure to noise and ototoxic drugs, enhance the generation of 3-nitrotyrosine in different cell types in the cochlea. Nitrated proteins can disrupt critical signaling pathways and eventually lead to apoptosis and loss of sensory receptor cells in the cochlea. Accumulating evidence shows that selective targeting of nitrative stress attenuates cellular damage. Anti-nitrative compounds, such as peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, prevent nitrative stress-mediated auditory damage. However, the role of nitrative stress in acquired hearing loss and its potential significance as a promising interventional target is yet to be fully characterized. This review provides an overview of nitrative stress mechanisms, the induction of nitrative stress in the auditory tissue after ototoxic insults, and the therapeutic value of targeting nitrative stress for mitigating auditory dysfunction.
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Hausladen A, Qian Z, Zhang R, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Optimized S-nitrosohemoglobin synthesis in red blood cells to preserve hypoxic vasodilation via βCys93. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:1-10. [PMID: 35512801 PMCID: PMC10389762 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic physiology links tissue hypoxia to oxygen delivery through control of microvascular blood flow (autoregulation of blood flow). Hemoglobin (Hb) serves both as the source of oxygen and the mediator of microvascular blood flow through its ability to release vasodilatory S-nitrosothiol (SNO) in proportion to degree of hypoxia. β-globin Cys93Ala (βCys93Ala) mutant mice deficient in S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) show profound deficits in microvascular blood flow and tissue oxygenation that recapitulate microcirculatory dysfunction in multiple clinical conditions. However, the means to replete SNO in mouse RBCs in order to restore RBC function is not known. In particular, while methods have been developed to selectively S-nitrosylate βCys93 in human Hb and intact human RBCs, conditions have not been optimized for mouse RBCs that are used experimentally. Here we show that loading SNO onto Hb in mouse RBC lysates can be achieved with high stoichiometry and β-globin selectivity. However, S-nitrosylation of Hb within intact mouse RBCs is ineffective under conditions that work well with human RBCs, and levels of metHb are prohibitively high. We develop an optimized method that loads SNO in mouse RBCs to maintain vasodilation under hypoxia and show that loss of SNO loading in βCys93Ala mutant RBCs results in reduced vasodilation. We also demonstrate that differences in SNO/met/nitrosyl Hb stoichiometry can account for differences in RBC function among studies. RBCs loaded with quasi-physiological amounts of SNO-Hb will produce vasodilation proportionate to hypoxia, whereas RBCs loaded with higher amounts lose allosteric regulation, thus inducing vasodilation at both high and low oxygen level. Significance Statement Red blood cells from mice exhibit poor hemoglobin S-nitrosylation under conditions used for human RBCs, frustrating tests of vasodilatory activity. Using an optimized S-nitrosylation protocol, mouse RBCs exhibit hypoxic vasodilation that is significantly reduced in hemoglobin ββCys93Ala mutant RBCs that cannot carry S-nitrosothiol allosterically, providing genetic validation for the role of bCys93 in oxygen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, United States
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Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress: Overwintering in Antarctic Concordia Station. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4430032. [PMID: 35535360 PMCID: PMC9078816 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4430032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Concordia Station is the permanent, research station on the Antarctic Plateau at 3230 m. During the eleventh winter-over campaign (DC11-2015; February 2015 to November 2015) at Antarctic Concordia Station, 13 healthy team members were studied and blood samples were collected at six different time points: baseline measurements (T0), performed at sea level before the departure, and during the campaign at 3, 7, 20, 90, and 300 days after arrival at Concordia Station. Reducing the partial pressure of O2 as barometric pressure falls, hypobaric hypoxia (HH) triggers several physiological adaptations. Among the others, increased oxidative stress and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), resulting in severe oxidative damage, were observed, which can share potential physiopathological mechanisms associated with many diseases. This study characterized the extent and time-course changes after acute and chronic HH exposure, elucidating possible fundamental mechanisms of adaptation. ROS, oxidative stress biomarkers, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines significantly increased (range 24-135%) during acute and chronic hypoxia exposure (peak 20th day) with a decrease in antioxidant capacity (peak 90th day: -52%). Results suggest that the adaptive response of oxidative stress balance to HH requires a relatively long time, more than 300th days, as all the observed variables do not return to the preexposition level. These findings may also be relevant to patients in whom oxygen availability is limited through disease (i.e., chronic heart and lung and/or kidney disease) and/or during long-duration space missions.
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25
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Ye H, Wu J, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Huang Z. Protein S-Nitrosation: Biochemistry, Identification, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Applications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5902-5925. [PMID: 35412827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation (SNO), a posttranslational modification (PTM) of cysteine (Cys) residues elicited by nitric oxide (NO), regulates a wide range of protein functions. As a crucial form of redox-based signaling by NO, SNO contributes significantly to the modulation of physiological functions, and SNO imbalance is closely linked to pathophysiological processes. Site-specific identification of the SNO protein is critical for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of protein function regulation. Although careful verification is needed, SNO modification data containing numerous functional proteins are a potential research direction for druggable target identification and drug discovery. Undoubtedly, SNO-related research is meaningful not only for the development of NO donor drugs but also for classic target-based drug design. Herein, we provide a comprehensive summary of SNO, including its origin and transport, identification, function, and potential contribution to drug discovery. Importantly, we propose new views to develop novel therapies based on potential protein SNO-sourced targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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26
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Premont RT, Singel DJ, Stamler JS. The enzymatic function of the honorary enzyme: S-nitrosylation of hemoglobin in physiology and medicine. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 84:101056. [PMID: 34852941 PMCID: PMC8821404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The allosteric transition within tetrameric hemoglobin (Hb) that allows both full binding to four oxygen molecules in the lung and full release of four oxygens in hypoxic tissues would earn Hb the moniker of 'honorary enzyme'. However, the allosteric model for oxygen binding in hemoglobin overlooked the essential role of blood flow in tissue oxygenation that is essential for life (aka autoregulation of blood flow). That is, blood flow, not oxygen content of blood, is the principal determinant of oxygen delivery under most conditions. With the discovery that hemoglobin carries a third biologic gas, nitric oxide (NO) in the form of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) at β-globin Cys93 (βCys93), and that formation and export of SNO to dilate blood vessels are linked to hemoglobin allostery through enzymatic activity, this title is honorary no more. This chapter reviews evidence that hemoglobin formation and release of SNO is a critical mediator of hypoxic autoregulation of blood flow in tissues leading to oxygen delivery, considers the physiological implications of a 3-gas respiratory cycle (O2/NO/CO2) and the pathophysiological consequences of its dysfunction. Opportunities for therapeutic intervention to optimize oxygen delivery at the level of tissue blood flow are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - David J Singel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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27
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Hydropersulfides (RSSH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling: Possible Effects on S-Nitrosothiols (RS-NO). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010169. [PMID: 35052673 PMCID: PMC8773330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiol (RS-NO) formation in proteins and peptides have been implicated as factors in the etiology of many diseases and as possible regulators of thiol protein function. They have also been proposed as possible storage forms of nitric oxide (NO). However, despite their proposed functions/roles, there appears to be little consensus regarding the physiological mechanisms of RS-NO formation and degradation. Hydropersulfides (RSSH) have recently been discovered as endogenously generated species with unique reactivity. One important reaction of RSSH is with RS-NO, which leads to the degradation of RS-NO as well as the release of NO. Thus, it can be speculated that RSSH can be a factor in the regulation of steady-state RS-NO levels, and therefore may be important in RS-NO (patho)physiology. Moreover, RSSH-mediated NO release from RS-NO may be a possible mechanism allowing RS-NO to serve as a storage form of NO.
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28
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Razi O, Tartibian B, Teixeira AM, Zamani N, Govindasamy K, Suzuki K, Laher I, Zouhal H. Thermal dysregulation in patients with multiple sclerosis during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential therapeutic role of exercise. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 59:103557. [PMID: 35092946 PMCID: PMC8785368 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thermoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism that is disrupted in some neurological diseases. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are susceptible to increases in body temperature, especially with more severe neurological signs. This condition can become intolerable when these patients suffer febrile infections such as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We review the mechanisms of hyperthermia in patients with MS, and they may encounter when infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Finally, the thermoregulatory role and relevant adaptation to regular physical exercise are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Razi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bakhtyar Tartibian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nastaran Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karuppasamy Govindasamy
- Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, Rennes F-35000, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer 35850, France.
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29
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Lehnert N, Kim E, Dong HT, Harland JB, Hunt AP, Manickas EC, Oakley KM, Pham J, Reed GC, Alfaro VS. The Biologically Relevant Coordination Chemistry of Iron and Nitric Oxide: Electronic Structure and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14682-14905. [PMID: 34902255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological events in biology. Metal coordination chemistry, especially with iron, is at the heart of many biological transformations involving NO. A series of heme proteins, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitrophorins, are responsible for the biosynthesis, sensing, and transport of NO. Alternatively, NO can be generated from nitrite by heme- and copper-containing nitrite reductases (NIRs). The NO-bearing small molecules such as nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) can serve as an alternative vehicle for NO storage and transport. Once NO is formed, the rich reaction chemistry of NO leads to a wide variety of biological activities including reduction of NO by heme or non-heme iron-containing NO reductases and protein post-translational modifications by DNICs. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of metal sites in biology with NO and the mechanisms of these transformations has come from the elucidation of the geometric and electronic structures and chemical reactivity of synthetic model systems, in synergy with biochemical and biophysical studies on the relevant proteins themselves. This review focuses on recent advancements from studies on proteins and model complexes that not only have improved our understanding of the biological roles of NO but also have provided foundations for biomedical research and for bio-inspired catalyst design in energy science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hai T Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jill B Harland
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Manickas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kady M Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Garrett C Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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30
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Qin S, Xu Y, Li H, Chen H, Yuan Z. Recent advances in in situ oxygen-generating and oxygen-replenishing strategies for hypoxic-enhanced photodynamic therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:51-84. [PMID: 34882762 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 10 million deaths by 2020. Over the decades, various strategies for tumor therapy have been developed and evaluated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted increasing attention due to its unique characteristics, including low systemic toxicity and minimally invasive nature. Despite the excellent clinical promise of PDT, hypoxia is still the Achilles' heel associated with its oxygen-dependent nature related to increased tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and distant metastases. Moreover, PDT-mediated oxygen consumption further exacerbates the hypoxia condition, which will eventually lead to the poor effect of drug treatment and resistance and irreversible tumor metastasis, even limiting its effective application in the treatment of hypoxic tumors. Hypoxia, with increased oxygen consumption, may occur in acute and chronic hypoxia conditions in developing tumors. Tumor cells farther away from the capillaries have much lower oxygen levels than cells in adjacent areas. However, it is difficult to change the tumor's deep hypoxia state through different ways to reduce the tumor tissue's oxygen consumption. Therefore, it will become more difficult to cure malignant tumors completely. In recent years, numerous investigations have focused on improving PDT therapy's efficacy by providing molecular oxygen directly or indirectly to tumor tissues. In this review, different molecular oxygen supplementation methods are summarized to alleviate tumor hypoxia from the innovative perspective of using supplemental oxygen. Besides, the existing problems, future prospects and potential challenges of this strategy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhenwei Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 210009, China.
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31
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Zhang R, Hausladen A, Qian Z, Liao X, Premont RT, Stamler JS. Hypoxic vasodilatory defect and pulmonary hypertension in mice lacking hemoglobin β-cysteine93 S-nitrosylation. JCI Insight 2021; 7:155234. [PMID: 34914637 PMCID: PMC8855790 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypoxia is characterized by peripheral vasodilation and pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, the system-wide mechanism for signaling hypoxia remains unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that hemoglobin (Hb) in RBCs may serve as an O2 sensor and O2-responsive NO signal transducer to regulate systemic and pulmonary vascular tone, but this remains unexamined at the integrated system level. One residue invariant in mammalian Hbs, β-globin cysteine93 (βCys93), carries NO as vasorelaxant S-nitrosothiol (SNO) to autoregulate blood flow during O2 delivery. βCys93Ala mutant mice thus exhibit systemic hypoxia despite transporting O2 normally. Here, we show that βCys93Ala mutant mice had reduced S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) at baseline and upon targeted SNO repletion and that hypoxic vasodilation by RBCs was impaired in vitro and in vivo, recapitulating hypoxic pathophysiology. Notably, βCys93Ala mutant mice showed marked impairment of hypoxic peripheral vasodilation and developed signs of pulmonary hypertension with age. Mutant mice also died prematurely with cor pulmonale (pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular dysfunction) when living under low O2. Altogether, we identify a major role for RBC SNO in clinically relevant vasodilatory responses attributed previously to endothelial NO. We conclude that SNO-Hb transduces the integrated, system-wide response to hypoxia in the mammalian respiratory cycle, expanding a core physiological principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Alfred Hausladen
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Xudong Liao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States of America
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32
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Tung CY, Tseng YT, Lu TT, Liaw WF. Insight into the Electronic Structure of Biomimetic Dinitrosyliron Complexes (DNICs): Toward the Syntheses of Amido-Bridging Dinuclear DNICs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15846-15873. [PMID: 34009960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous function of nitric oxide (NO) guided the biological discovery of the natural dinitrosyliron unit (DNIU) [Fe(NO)2] as an intermediate/end product after Fe nitrosylation of nonheme cofactors. Because of the natural utilization of this cofactor for the biological storage and delivery of NO, a bioinorganic study of synthetic dinitrosyliron complexes (DNICs) has been extensively explored in the last 2 decades. The bioinorganic study of DNICs involved the development of synthetic methodology, spectroscopic discrimination, biological application of NO-delivery reactivity, and translational application to the (catalytic) transformation of small molecules. In this Forum Article, we aim to provide a systematic review of spectroscopic and computational insights into the bonding nature within the DNIU [Fe(NO)2] and the electronic structure of different types of DNICs, which highlights the synchronized advance in synthetic methodology and spectroscopic tools. With regard to the noninnocent nature of a NO ligand, spectroscopic and computational tools were utilized to provide qualitative/quantitative assignment of oxidation states of Fe and NO in DNICs with different redox levels and ligation modes as well as to probe the Fe-NO bonding interaction modulated by supporting ligands. Besides the strong antiferromagnetic coupling between high-spin Fe and paramagnetic NO ligands within the covalent DNIU [Fe(NO)2], in polynuclear DNICs, the effects of the Fe···Fe distance, nature of the bridging ligands, and type of bridging modes on the regulation of the magnetic coupling among paramagnetic DNIU [Fe(NO)2] are further reviewed. In the last part of this Forum Article, the sequential reaction of {Fe(NO)2}10 DNIC [(NO)2Fe(AMP)] (1-red) with NO(g), HBF4, and KC8 establishes a synthetic cycle, {Fe(NO)2}9-{Fe(NO)2}9 DNIC [(NO)2Fe(μ-dAMP)2Fe(NO)2] (1) → {Fe(NO)2}9 DNIC [(NO2)Fe(AMP)][BF4] (1-H) → {Fe(NO)2}10 DNIC 1-red → DNIC 1, for the transformation of NO into HNO/N2O. Of importance, the NO-induced transformation of {Fe(NO)2}10 DNIC 1-red and [(NO)2Fe(DTA)] (2-red; DTA = diethylenetriamine) unravels a synthetic strategy for preparation of the {Fe(NO)2}9-{Fe(NO)2}9 DNICs [(NO)2Fe(μ-NHR)2Fe(NO)2] containing amido-bridging ligands, which hold the potential to feature distinctive physical properties, chemical reactivities, and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yen Tung
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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33
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Li YH, Zhou S, Jian X, Zhang X, Song YY. Asymmetrically coating Pt nanoparticles on magnetic silica nanospheres for target cell capture and therapy. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:361. [PMID: 34601637 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Janus cargo has been developed via the combination of magnetic mesoporous silica (MMS) with asymmetric decoration of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs). Mesoporous morphology of MMS provides plenty of space for loading photosensitizers and targeting agents; the magnetic feature endows the as-formed nanospheres with satisfactory isolation function in removal of low abundant target cells. The excellent catalytic ability of PtNPs can effectively alleviate the hypoxia condition of tumor microenvironment via the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as an O2-drived nanomotor for highly efficient drug release. Using CCRF-CEM as the model target cell, the Janus cargo is demonstrated to possess significantly improved performance in cell capture and photodynamic therapy. Specially, owing to the patchy Pt decoration, the loaded photosensitizers exhibit a more efficient release behavior. More importantly, asymmetric O2-emission from one side of the nanocargo acts as a driving force, which could effectively accelerate the motion ability of cargo in cell media, thus leading to an enhanced therapeutic effect compared with the traditionally symmetric nanocargo. This Janus cargo would offer a new paradigm to design highly efficient drug carrier for gaining an improved photodynamic therapy in hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hang Li
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jian
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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34
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Böning D, Kuebler WM, Bloch W. The oxygen dissociation curve of blood in COVID-19. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L349-L357. [PMID: 33978488 PMCID: PMC8384474 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00079.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 hinders oxygen transport to the consuming tissues by at least two mechanisms: In the injured lung, saturation of hemoglobin is compromised, and in the tissues, an associated anemia reduces the volume of delivered oxygen. For the first problem, increased hemoglobin oxygen affinity [left shift of the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC)] is of advantage, for the second, however, the contrary is the case. Indeed a right shift of the ODC has been found in former studies for anemia caused by reduced cell production or hemolysis. This resulted from increased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) concentration. In three investigations in COVID-19, however, no change of hemoglobin affinity was detected in spite of probably high [2,3-BPG]. The most plausible cause for this finding is formation of methemoglobin (MetHb), which increases the oxygen affinity and thus apparently compensates for the 2,3-BPG effect. However, this "useful effect" is cancelled by the concomitant reduction of functional hemoglobin. In the largest study on COVID-19, even a clear left shift of the ODC was detected when calculated from measurements in fresh blood rather than after equilibration with gases outside the body. This additional "in vivo" left shift possibly results from various factors, e.g., concentration changes of Cl-, 2,3-BPG, ATP, lactate, nitrocompounds, glutathione, glutamate, because of time delay between blood sampling and end of equilibration, or enlarged distribution space including interstitial fluid and is useful for O2 uptake in the lungs. Under discussion for therapy are the affinity-increasing 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF), erythropoiesis-stimulating substances like erythropoietin, and methylene blue against MetHb formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Böning
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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35
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Manuelli V, Pecorari C, Filomeni G, Zito E. Regulation of redox signaling in HIF-1-dependent tumor angiogenesis. FEBS J 2021; 289:5413-5425. [PMID: 34228878 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of blood vessel growth. The angiogenic switch consists of new blood vessel formation that, in carcinogenesis, can lead to the transition from a harmless cluster of dormant cells to a large tumorigenic mass with metastatic potential. Hypoxia, that is, the scarcity of oxygen, is a hallmark of solid tumors to which they adapt by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor triggering de novo angiogenesis. HIF-1 and the angiogenic molecules that are expressed upon its activation are modulated by redox status. Modulations of the redox environment can influence the angiogenesis signaling at different levels, thereby impinging on the angiogenic switch. This review provides a molecular overview of the redox-sensitive steps in angiogenic signaling, the main molecular players involved, and their crosstalk with the unfolded protein response. New classes of inhibitors of these modulators which might act as antiangiogenic drugs in cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manuelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pecorari
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
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36
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Investigation of the interaction of the cationic nitrosyl iron complex [Fe(SC(NH2)2)2(NO)2]+ with molecular oxygen. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Ghonaim NW, Fraser GM, Goldman D, Milkovich S, Yang J, Ellis CG. Evidence for role of capillaries in regulation of skeletal muscle oxygen supply. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12699. [PMID: 33853202 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
How oxygen (O2 ) supply to capillaries is regulated to match the tissue's demand is unknown. Erythrocytes have been proposed as sensors in this regulatory mechanism since they release ATP, a vasodilator, in an oxygen saturation (SO2 )-dependent manner. ATP causes hyperpolarization of endothelial cells resulting in conducted vasodilation to arterioles. OBJECTIVE We propose individual capillary units can regulate their own O2 supply by direct communication to upstream arterioles via electrically coupled endothelium. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we developed a transparent micro-exchange device for localized O2 exchange with surface capillaries of intact tissue. The device was fabricated with an O2 permeable micro-outlet 0.2 × 1.0 mm. Experiments were performed on rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle using dual wavelength video microscopy to measure capillary hemodynamics and erythrocyte SO2 . Responses to local O2 perturbations were measured with only capillaries positioned over the micro-outlet. RESULTS Step changes in the gas mixture %O2 caused physiological changes in erythrocyte SO2 , and appropriate changes in flow to offset the O2 challenge if at least 3-4 capillaries were stimulated. CONCLUSION These results support our hypothesis that individual capillary units play a role in regulating their erythrocyte supply in response to a changing O2 environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour W Ghonaim
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Graham M Fraser
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Milkovich
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher G Ellis
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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38
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Premont RT, Reynolds JD, Zhang R, Stamler JS. Red Blood Cell-Mediated S-Nitrosohemoglobin-Dependent Vasodilation: Lessons Learned from a β-Globin Cys93 Knock-In Mouse. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:936-961. [PMID: 32597195 PMCID: PMC8035927 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Red blood cell (RBC)-mediated vasodilation plays an important role in oxygen delivery. This occurs through hemoglobin actions, at least in significant part, to convert heme-bound nitric oxide (NO) (in tense [T]/deoxygenated-state hemoglobin) into vasodilator S-nitrosothiol (SNO) (in relaxed [R]/oxygenated-state hemoglobin), convey SNO through the bloodstream, and release it into tissues to increase blood flow. The coupling of hemoglobin R/T state allostery, both to NO conversion into SNO and to SNO release (along with oxygen), under hypoxia supports the model of a three-gas respiratory cycle (O2/NO/CO2). Recent Advances: Oxygenation of tissues is dependent on a single, strictly conserved Cys residue in hemoglobin (βCys93). Hemoglobin couples SNO formation/release at βCys93 to O2 binding/release at hemes ("thermodynamic linkage"). Mice bearing βCys93Ala hemoglobin that is unable to generate SNO-βCys93 establish that SNO-hemoglobin is important for R/T allostery-regulated vasodilation by RBCs that couple blood flow to tissue oxygenation. Critical Issues: The model for RBC-mediated vasodilation originally proposed by Stamler et al. in 1996 has been largely validated: SNO-βCys93 forms in vivo, dilates blood vessels, and is hypoxia-regulated, and RBCs actuate vasodilation proportionate to hypoxia. Numerous compensations in βCys93Ala animals to alleviate tissue hypoxia (discussed herein) are predicted to preserve vasodilatory responses of RBCs but impair linkage to R/T transition in hemoglobin. This is borne out by loss of responsivity of mutant RBCs to oxygen, impaired blood flow responses to hypoxia, and tissue ischemia in βCys93-mutant animals. Future Directions: SNO-hemoglobin mediates hypoxic vasodilation in the respiratory cycle. This fundamental physiology promises new insights in vascular diseases and blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James D. Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Böhm EW, Pavlaki M, Chalikias G, Mikroulis D, Georgiadis GS, Tziakas DN, Konstantinides S, Schäfer K. Colocalization of Erythrocytes and Vascular Calcification in Human Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Histomorphometric Analysis. TH OPEN 2021; 5:e113-e124. [PMID: 33870075 PMCID: PMC8046517 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimal calcification typically develops in advanced atherosclerosis, and microcalcification may promote plaque progression and instability. Conversely, intraplaque hemorrhage and erythrocyte extravasation may stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and intralesional calcium phosphate deposition. The presence of erythrocytes and their main cellular components (membranes, hemoglobin, and iron) and colocalization with calcification has never been systematically studied. Methods and Results We examined three types of diseased vascular tissue specimens, namely, degenerative aortic valve stenosis ( n = 46), atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques ( n = 9), and abdominal aortic aneurysms ( n = 14). Biomaterial was obtained from symptomatic patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement, carotid artery endatherectomy, or aortic aneurysm repair, respectively. Serial sections were stained using Masson-Goldner trichrome, Alizarin red S, and Perl's iron stain to visualize erythrocytes, extracelluar matrix and osteoid, calcium phosphate deposition, or the presence of iron and hemosiderin, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect erythrocyte membranes (CD235a), hemoglobin or the hemoglobin scavenger receptor (CD163), endothelial cells (CD31), myofibroblasts (SMA), mesenchymal cells (osteopontin), or osteoblasts (periostin). Our analyses revealed a varying degree of intraplaque hemorrhage and that the majority of extravasated erythrocytes were lysed. Osteoid and calcifications also were frequently present, and erythrocyte membranes were significantly more prevalent in areas with calcification. Areas with extravasated erythrocytes frequently contained CD163-positive cells, although calcification also occurred in areas without CD163 immunosignals. Conclusion Our findings underline the presence of extravasated erythrocytes and their membranes in different types of vascular lesions, and their association with areas of calcification suggests an active role of erythrocytes in vascular disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Pavlaki
- Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Chalikias
- Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mikroulis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George S Georgiadis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Tziakas
- Department of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Katrin Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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40
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Nitric Oxide and S-Nitrosylation in Cardiac Regulation: G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 and β-Arrestins as Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020521. [PMID: 33430208 PMCID: PMC7825736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases including heart failure (HF), are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Among the prominent characteristics of HF is the loss of β-adrenoceptor (AR)-mediated inotropic reserve. This is primarily due to the derangements in myocardial regulatory signaling proteins, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins (β-Arr) that modulate β-AR signal termination via receptor desensitization and downregulation. GRK2 and β-Arr2 activities are elevated in the heart after injury/stress and participate in HF through receptor inactivation. These GPCR regulators are modulated profoundly by nitric oxide (NO) produced by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes through S-nitrosylation due to receptor-coupled NO generation. S-nitrosylation, which is NO-mediated modification of protein cysteine residues to generate an S-nitrosothiol (SNO), mediates many effects of NO independently from its canonical guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G signaling. Herein, we review the knowledge on the NO system in the heart and S-nitrosylation-dependent modifications of myocardial GPCR signaling components GRKs and β-Arrs.
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41
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Parshukova OI, Varlamova NG, Bojko ER. Nitric Oxide Production in Professional Skiers During Physical Activity at Maximum Load. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:582021. [PMID: 33381524 PMCID: PMC7767868 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.582021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the production of nitric oxide in professional cross-country skiers with normotensive and hypertensive responses to physical activity at maximum load. The observation group included professional cross-country skiers (22.2 ± 7.1 years, = 107) who were current members of the national team of the Komi Republic. All the examined athletes performed the exercise test on a cycle ergometer “until exhaustion.” The following parameters were determined for each participant while they were sitting at rest, while at their anaerobic threshold level, during peak load, and during the recovery period (5th min): systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and the level of stable nitric oxide metabolites (nitrites, nitrates) in capillary blood samples. According to the blood pressure results, the cross-country skiers were divided into two groups. Group I included athletes with a normotensive response to stress. Group II was composed of individuals with a hypertensive response to stress. During the performance of the test “until exhaustion,” a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the amount of stable metabolites of nitric oxide was observed in the group of athletes with a normotensive response to the load compared with the group with a hypertensive response to the load. In athletes with a normotensive reaction to the load during exercise at maximum load and in the early recovery period, nitrate was prioritized in the regulation of vascular tone. The exercise test on a cycle ergometer “until exhaustion,” combined with the assessment of the levels of stable nitric oxide metabolites in plasma, can be considered a test for the early diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction in professional athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I Parshukova
- Institute of Physiology at Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nina G Varlamova
- Institute of Physiology at Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Evgeny R Bojko
- Institute of Physiology at Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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42
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Nitric oxide donors offer protection to RBC from storage lesion. Transfus Clin Biol 2020; 27:229-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Mortaz E, Malkmohammad M, Jamaati H, Naghan PA, Hashemian SM, Tabarsi P, Varahram M, Zaheri H, Chousein EGU, Folkerts G, Adcock IM. Silent hypoxia: higher NO in red blood cells of COVID-19 patients. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:269. [PMID: 33066765 PMCID: PMC7563910 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to almost 100 countries, infected over 31 M patients and resulted in 961 K deaths worldwide as of 21st September 2020. The major clinical feature of severe COVID-19 requiring ventilation is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with multi-functional failure as a result of a cytokine storm with increased serum levels of cytokines. The pathogenesis of the respiratory failure in COVID-19 is yet unknown, but diffuse alveolar damage with interstitial thickening leading to compromised gas exchange is a plausible mechanism. Hypoxia is seen in the COVID-19 patients, however, patients present with a distinct phenotype. Intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) play an important role in the vasodilation of small vessels. To elucidate the intracellular levels of NO inside of RBCs in COVID-19 patients compared with that of healthy control subjects. Methods We recruited 14 COVID-19 infected cases who had pulmonary involvement of their disease, 4 non-COVID-19 healthy controls (without pulmonary involvement and were not hypoxic) and 2 hypoxic non-COVID-19 patients subjects who presented at the Masih Daneshvari Hospital of Tehran, Iran between March–May 2020. Whole blood samples were harvested from patients and intracellular NO levels in 1 × 106 red blood cells (RBC) was measured by DAF staining using flow cytometry (FACS Calibour, BD, CA, USA). Results The Mean florescent of intensity for NO was significantly enhanced in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy control subjects (P ≤ 0.05). As a further control for whether hypoxia induced this higher intracellular NO, we evaluated the levels of NO inside RBC of hypoxic patients. No significant differences in NO levels were seen between the hypoxic and non-hypoxic control group. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates increased levels of intracellular NO in RBCs from COVID-19 patients. Future multi-centre studies should examine whether this is seen in a larger number of COVID-19 patients and whether NO therapy may be of use in these severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Malkmohammad
- Tracheal Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosisand Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute ofTuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Adimi Naghan
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute ofTuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed MohamadReza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute ofTuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zaheri
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute ofTuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Efsun Gonca Uğur Chousein
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Education and research Hospital, Department of pulmonology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Matyukhin I, Patschan S, Ritter O, Patschan D. Etiology and Management of Acute Metabolic Acidosis: An Update. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 45:523-531. [PMID: 32663831 DOI: 10.1159/000507813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of acute metabolic acidosis (aMA) is heterogeneous, and the consequences are potentially life-threatening. The aim of this article was to summarize the causes and management of aMA from a clinician's perspective. SUMMARY We performed a systematic search on PubMed, applying the following search terms: "acute metabolic acidosis," "lactic acidosis," "metformin" AND "acidosis," "unbalanced solutions" AND "acidosis," "bicarbonate" AND "acidosis" AND "outcome," "acute metabolic acidosis" AND "management," and "acute metabolic acidosis" AND "renal replacement therapy (RRT)/dialysis." The literature search did not consider diabetic ketoacidosis at all. Lactic acidosis evolves from various conditions, either with or without systemic hypoxia. The incidence of metformin-associated aMA is actually quite low. Unbalanced electrolyte preparations can induce hyperchloremic aMA. The latter potentially worsens kidney-related outcome parameters. Nevertheless, prospective and controlled data are missing at the moment. Recently, bicarbonate has been shown to improve clinically relevant endpoints in the critically ill, even if higher pH values (>7.3) are targeted. New therapeutics for aMA control are under development, since bicarbonate treatment can induce serious side effects. Key Messages: aMA is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication of various conditions. Lactic acidosis might occur even in the absence of systemic hypoxia. The incidence of metformin-associated aMA is comparably low. Unbalanced electrolyte solutions induce hyperchloremic aMA, which most likely worsens the renal prognosis of critically ill patients. Bicarbonate, although potentially deleterious due to increased carbon dioxide production with subsequent intracellular acidosis, improves kidney-related endpoints in the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Matyukhin
- Zentrum Innere Medizin 1, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Susann Patschan
- Zentrum Innere Medizin 1, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Zentrum Innere Medizin 1, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Daniel Patschan
- Zentrum Innere Medizin 1, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie, Klinikum Brandenburg, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany,
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Pernow J, Mahdi A, Yang J, Zhou Z. Red blood cell dysfunction: a new player in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1596-1605. [PMID: 31198931 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs. However, emerging evidence suggests an important role of the RBC beyond being just a passive carrier of the respiratory gases. The RBCs are of importance for redox balance and are actively involved in the regulation of vascular tone, especially during hypoxic and ischaemic conditions by the release of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and adenosine triphosphate. The role of the RBC has gained further interest after recent discoveries demonstrating a markedly altered function of the cell in several pathological conditions. Such alterations include increased adhesion capability, increased formation of reactive oxygen species as well as altered protein content and enzymatic activities. Beyond signalling increased oxidative stress, the altered function of RBCs is characterized by reduced export of NO bioactivity regulated by increased arginase activity. Of further importance, the altered function of RBCs has important implications for several cardiovascular disease conditions. RBCs have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction and to increase cardiac injury during ischaemia-reperfusion in diabetes mellitus. Finally, this new knowledge has led to novel therapeutic possibilities to intervene against cardiovascular disease by targeting signalling in the RBC. These novel data open up an entirely new view on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular disease processes in diabetes mellitus mediated by the RBC. This review highlights the current knowledge regarding the role of RBCs in cardiovascular regulation with focus on their importance for cardiovascular dysfunction in pathological conditions and therapeutic possibilities for targeting RBCs in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Mahdi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Premont RT, Stamler JS. Essential Role of Hemoglobin βCys93 in Cardiovascular Physiology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:234-243. [PMID: 32490751 PMCID: PMC7474257 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00040.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The supply of oxygen to tissues is controlled by microcirculatory blood flow. One of the more surprising discoveries in cardiovascular physiology is the critical dependence of microcirculatory blood flow on a single conserved cysteine within the β-subunit (βCys93) of hemoglobin (Hb). βCys93 is the primary site of Hb S-nitrosylation [i.e., S-nitrosothiol (SNO) formation to produce S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb)]. Notably, S-nitrosylation of βCys93 by NO is favored in the oxygenated conformation of Hb, and deoxygenated Hb releases SNO from βCys93. Since SNOs are vasodilatory, this mechanism provides a physiological basis for how tissue hypoxia increases microcirculatory blood flow (hypoxic autoregulation of blood flow). Mice expressing βCys93A mutant Hb (C93A) have been applied to understand the role of βCys93, and RBCs more generally, in cardiovascular physiology. Notably, C93A mice are unable to effect hypoxic autoregulation of blood flow and exhibit widespread tissue hypoxia. Moreover, reactive hyperemia (augmentation of blood flow following transient ischemia) is markedly impaired. C93A mice display multiple compensations to preserve RBC vasodilation and overcome tissue hypoxia, including shifting SNOs to other thiols on adult and fetal Hbs and elsewhere in RBCs, and growing new blood vessels. However, compensatory vasodilation in C93A mice is uncoupled from hypoxic control, both peripherally (e.g., predisposing to ischemic injury) and centrally (e.g., impairing hypoxic drive to breathe). Altogether, physiological studies utilizing C93A mice are confirming the allosterically controlled role of SNO-Hb in microvascular blood flow, uncovering essential roles for RBC-mediated vasodilation in cardiovascular physiology and revealing new roles for RBCs in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Hu D, Pan M, Yu Y, Sun A, Shi K, Qu Y, Qian Z. Application of nanotechnology for enhancing photodynamic therapy via ameliorating, neglecting, or exploiting tumor hypoxia. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DanRong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Meng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - ZhiYong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
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48
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Su H, Liu X, Du J, Deng X, Fan Y. The role of hemoglobin in nitric oxide transport in vascular system. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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49
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Abstract
Oxygen (O2) delivery, which is fundamental to supporting patients with critical illness, is a function of blood O2 content and flow. This article reviews red blood cell (RBC) physiology and dysfunction relevant to disordered O2 delivery in the critically ill. Flow is the focus of O2 delivery regulation: O2 content is relatively fixed, whereas flow fluctuates greatly. Thus, blood flow volume and distribution vary to maintain coupling between O2 delivery and demand. This article reviews conventional RBC physiology influencing O2 delivery and introduces a paradigm for O2 delivery homeostasis based on coordinated gas transport and vascular signaling by RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 8th Floor, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, University of Maryland School of Medicine, HSF III, 8th Floor, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
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50
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Hypnosis Influence on the Perfusion in Perforator Flaps in Early Postoperative Period: A Series of 18 Cases. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 7:e2491. [PMID: 31942290 PMCID: PMC6908369 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In practice worldwide, there are experiences affecting different body functions via central control mechanisms with the help of psychotherapy methods. In plastic and reconstructive surgery, there is the experience of applying hypnosis, with the main goal of eliminating pain. The aim of this research is to study the impact of hypnosis on the perfusion level in perforator flaps in the early postoperative period, which could enhance flap survival.
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