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Merlo EM, Tutino R, Myles LAM, Alibrandi A, Lia MC, Minasi D. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Psychopathology, Uncertainty and Alexithymia: A Clinical and Differential Exploratory Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:257. [PMID: 38275537 PMCID: PMC10815314 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a complex pathology affecting a large number of people. Research suggests that psychological factors influence coping with T1DM. This study aimed to investigate the presence and role of psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty in people affected by T1DM. The sample consisted of 137 patients (88 females, 49 males) affected by T1DM aged from 11 to 19 years old (Mean: 13.87; SD: 2.40). The diagnostic protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, Self-administration Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12). Descriptive, differential, correlational and regression analyses were performed in order to examine the relationships between these variables. The results suggested the sample had high levels of psychopathological indexes, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. Also, there were significant differences between TAS-20 and IUS-12 distributions with respect to psychopathology. Correlations and multivariate linear regressions indicated age, gender and education significantly predicted alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. This data suggest the presence of elevated psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rita Tutino
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.T.); (M.C.L.); (D.M.)
| | | | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Carmela Lia
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.T.); (M.C.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenico Minasi
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (R.T.); (M.C.L.); (D.M.)
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2
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Anokye R, Jackson B, Dimmock J, Dickson JM, Blekkenhorst LC, Hodgson JM, Lewis JR, Stanley M. Psychological distress and quality of life in asymptomatic adults following provision of imaging results for prevention of cardiovascular disease events: a scoping review. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 22:13-22. [PMID: 35709338 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Psychological distress and changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may occur after screening for disease. Reporting outcomes related to potential benefits and harms of screening is a key recommendation in the guidelines for reporting high-quality trials or interventions. However, no reviews have directly investigated outcomes related to psychological distress and/or changes in HRQoL following imaging assessment of cardiovascular risk and communication of cardiovascular findings to asymptomatic adults. A scoping review was conducted to map research on psychological distress and/or HRQoL following screening. METHODS AND RESULTS Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Social Work Abstracts, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, CINAHL, and EMBASE) were searched for articles that assessed psychological distress and/or HRQoL following screening. Two investigators independently screened titles and abstracts for all records retrieved using predefined criteria. Studies were conducted among active smokers, military personnel, athletes, post-menopausal women, and high-risk individuals. Seven constructs related to psychological distress and HRQoL appeared across 11 articles (randomized controlled trials, n = 4 and non-randomized studies, n = 7). Worry, depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and quality of life were most prominent. Multiple-item measures of psychological distress (e.g. Taylor Anxiety Score and Beck Depression Inventory) were used in 5/9 (56%) studies. Key findings on psychological distress and/or changes in HRQoL following screening were mixed. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the need for multiple-item measures with better psychometric properties to examine the psychological responses to screening results in future studies. Strategies to support individuals during and following vascular screening to maximise potential benefits of screening and minimize harms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reindolf Anokye
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James Dimmock
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne M Dickson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Arts and Humanities (Psychology Discipline), Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Department of Psychological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mandy Stanley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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3
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Rong Q, Ding S, Yue Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Zheng X, Li Y. Non-Contact Negative Mood State Detection Using Reliability-Focused Multi-Modal Fusion Model. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:4691-4701. [PMID: 35696474 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3182357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Negative mood states include tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion, which represent the weak internal emotions of a human. Negative mood states exert adverse impact on individuals' ability to make rational decisions, which entails the practicable method of negative mood state detection. The most commonly used negative mood state detection methods are based on the psychological scale, which requires additional work and brings inconvenience to the subject in the application scenarios. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a novel non-contact negative mood state detection method according to the knowledge of affective computing. The POMS-net model is used to extract temporal-spatial features from visible and infrared thermal videos, and the negative mood state detection is realized using data reliability-focused multi-modal fusion. The proposed method is verified using the HDT-BR dataset collected in the aerospace medicine experiment "Earth-Star II" and the VIRI public dataset. The experimental results on the datasets verify that our method outperforms the comparison methods.
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4
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Sørensen M, Garnweidner-Holme L. Hva er god kvalitet i behandling og oppfølging av personer med langtidssykdom? TIDSSKRIFT FOR OMSORGSFORSKNING 2021. [DOI: 10.18261/issn.2387-5984-2021-02-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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5
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Kohler H, Bäuerle A, Schweda A, Weismüller B, Fink M, Musche V, Robitzsch A, Pfeiffer C, Benecke AV, Dörrie N, Führer D, Taube C, Rassaf T, Teufel M, Skoda EM. Increased COVID-19-related fear and subjective risk perception regarding COVID-19 affects behavior in individuals with internal high-risk diseases. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:2150132721996898. [PMID: 33719697 PMCID: PMC8851367 DOI: 10.1177/2150132721996898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been keeping the world in suspense. Proven risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 are common diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular or respiratory disorders. Until today, little is known about the psychological burden of individuals suffering from these high-risk diseases regard to COVID-19. The aim of the study was to define the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on behavior and mental health in individuals at high risk for developing a severe COVID-19 course. Items assessed generalized anxiety (GAD-7), COVID-19-related fear, adherent/dysfunctional safety behavior, and the subjective risk perception of regarding symptoms, having a severe course and dying because of COVID-19. Data were compared between participants with the high risk diseases and individuals without any of those diseases. 16,983 respondents completed the study. Generalized anxiety, COVID-19-related fear, adherent/dysfunctional safety behavior and subjective risk perception were elevated in participants with high-risk diseases. The increased COVID-19-related fear as a functional concern is a conclusion on the increased risk of a severe course. The functionality of the fear is reflected in people’s increased need for security and includes an increase in both adherent and dysfunctional safety behavior that underlines the need for psychological support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nora Dörrie
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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6
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Ski CF, Thompson DR, Castle DJ. Trialling of an optimal health programme (OHP) across chronic disease. Trials 2016; 17:445. [PMID: 27612634 PMCID: PMC5018188 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Population ageing is a worldwide phenomenon, most advanced in developed countries and expected to continue over the next few decades. As people are surviving longer with age-associated disease and disability, there is an imperative to identify innovative solutions for an already overburdened health care system. Such innovations need to be focused on disease management, taking into consideration the strong associations that have been established between psychosocial factors and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with chronic disease. Aside from personal and community costs, chronic diseases produce a significant economic burden due to the culmination of health care costs and lost productivity. This commentary reports on a programme of research, Translating Research, Integrated Public Health Outcomes and Delivery, which will evaluate an optimal health programme that adopts a person-centred approach and engages collaborative therapy to educate, support and improve the psychosocial health of those with chronic disease. The effectiveness of the optimal health programme will be evaluated across three of the most significant contributors to disease burden: diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and stroke. Cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated. The findings derived from this series of randomised controlled trials will also provide evidence attesting to the potential applicability of the optimal health programme in other chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal F Ski
- Centre for the Heart and Mind, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Mental Health Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.
| | - David R Thompson
- Centre for the Heart and Mind, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David J Castle
- Centre for the Heart and Mind, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Mental Health Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
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7
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Biswas UN. Promoting Health and Well-being in Lives of People Living with HIV and AIDS. PSYCHOLOGY AND DEVELOPING SOCIETIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/097133360701900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly effective pharmaceutical polytherapies for the treatment of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) have practically reduced HIV and AIDS to a chronic condition like any other chronic illness. People living with HIV and AIDS can now have an almost normal life expectancy; the challenge for them is to live a physically and mentally healthy life. These challenges involve avoiding and managing opportunistic infections physically on one hand and taking care of their mental health needs and promoting and sustaining psycho-social well-being on the other hand. Although a torrent of research has studied the psychosocial correlates of slower disease progression and psycho-social well-being among people living with HIV and AIDS, very few sustained approaches have been made to understand and isolate the contribution of different psycho-bio-behavioural parameters for the psycho-immuno-enhancement in people living with HIV and AIDS. Systematic search in different electronic databases as well as different relevant psychological and AIDS care journals have been done to assimilate and review the research studying the effect of different psycho-social, bio-behavioural interventions through randomised control trials on the health promotion, well-being and disease progression parameters in people living with HIV and AIDS. The article makes an attempt to synchronise and consolidate these research efforts, discussing the role of cognitive behavioural stress management, exercise, spiritual practices, hypnosis, relaxation and guided imagery, social support for the psycho-immuno-enhancement in lives of people living with HIV and AIDS, and suggests a comprehensive three-tier intervention model, consisting of intervention at individual, dyadic and community levels, for psychological and immunological improvement in lives of people living with HIV and AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Nanda Biswas
- Urmi Nanda Biswas is based at the Department of Psychology, The M.S. University, Gujarat, India. This paper was prepared during the author's placement at the Clinical and Health Psychology Research Centre, Roehampton University, London, as a Commonwealth Fellow. The author acknowledges the support of the University resources to prepare the paper
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8
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Leventhal H, Musumeci TJ, Leventhal EA. Psychological Approaches to the Connection of Health and Behaviour. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/008124630603600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although Health Psychology was recognised as a speciality area by the American Psychological Association in 1978, research publications within its domain appeared in the 1930s and earlier. These publications focused on a variety of topics such as treatment for stuttering and rehabilitation from neurological disorders. Current topics in health and behaviour cover a much wider array of issues, and behavioural health research has been described by many investigators as ranging ‘from the cell to society’. This is an ambitious caption for any discipline and it is impossible to cover all aspects of the discipline in this brief summary. The first section of this article, ‘Pathways from society to cell’, describes three themes that characterise much of contemporary behavioural health research. The second section provides a thumbnail sketch of two behavioural health topics: research aimed at disease prevention (primary prevention) and research on stress management, which examines the biological pathways for prevention and the management of existent disease. The third section focuses on the self-management of chronic illness (secondary prevention). It provides a brief overview of research spearheaded by our laboratory and by investigators in laboratories elsewhere. The section pays special attention to the theoretical issues involved in generating a psychological model of health behaviour. We conclude with a brief comment on how these theoretical issues might apply to behavioural health research in emerging nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Leventhal
- Institute for Health and Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Psychology Building, Busch Campus, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Tamara J. Musumeci
- Institute for Health and Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, United States
| | - Elaine A. Leventhal
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, UMDNJ, United States
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9
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Abstract
Since the introduction of antiretroviral drug treatments, there has been increased interest in the psychological aspects of living with HIV and a growth of related research and therapeutic literature. While there has been concern about the ‘remedicalization’ of HIV, there is apparently less concern about its ‘psychologization’. This article considers how the expansion of psychological discourse about HIV impacts on the lives of HIV-positive people in the era of contemporary treatments. Through analysis of group discussions with HIV-positive gay men, we examine how psychological strategies and terminology are adopted or reworked to cope with the uncertainties of living with HIV. We consider both the enabling and constraining effects of psychological modes of regulation, as they are taken up and reworked by HIV-positive people. Our analysis suggests a need for greater scrutiny of the ways in which psychological techniques are employed as solutions to the ambiguities of living with HIV.
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10
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Abstract
Since the introduction of antiretroviral drug treatments, there has been increased interest in the psychological aspects of living with HIV and a growth of related research and therapeutic literature. While there has been concern about the ‘remedicalization’ of HIV, there is apparently less concern about its ‘psychologization’. This article considers how the expansion of psychological discourse about HIV impacts on the lives of HIV-positive people in the era of contemporary treatments. Through analysis of group discussions with HIV-positive gay men, we examine how psychological strategies and terminology are adopted or reworked to cope with the uncertainties of living with HIV. We consider both the enabling and constraining effects of psychological modes of regulation, as they are taken up and reworked by HIV-positive people. Our analysis suggests a need for greater scrutiny of the ways in which psychological techniques are employed as solutions to the ambiguities of living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holt
- National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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11
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Yousfi S, Matthews G, Amelang M, Schmidt-Rathjens C. Personality and Disease: Correlations of Multiple Trait Scores with Various Illnesses. J Health Psychol 2016; 9:627-47. [PMID: 15310418 DOI: 10.1177/1359105304045339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlations between personality measures and self-reported data on health status were examined in a sample of 5133 men and women, aged between 40 and 65. A wider range of diseases was studied than is typical. Small but theoretically meaningful correlations with personality were found for some diseases. Personality syndromes of Emotional Lability, Type A Behaviour, Behavioural Control, Locus of Control over Diseases and Psychoticism were distinguished factorially. Emotional Lability appeared to be the most robust predictor of general disease vulnerability. Some small but significant associations between specific illnesses and Type A and Behavioural Control were also found.
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12
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Schneiderman N. Psychosocial, Behavioral, and Biological Aspects of Chronic Diseases. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral, psychosocial, and societal risk factors have been associated with several chronic diseases. Biological processes closely linked to lifestyle, stress, and psychological status appear to mediate the associations. Lifestyle and psychosocial interventions have been developed to prevent and manage chronic diseases. Field and laboratory studies help to specify causal pathways connecting lifestyle and psychosocial variables to disease processes. However, large-scale randomized clinical trials are required to determine whether interventions lower rates of illness and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami
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13
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Chiboola H, Munsaka SM. Nature and role of traditional forms of counselling in Zambia: a case of Lusaka province. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2016.1187710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Chiboola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Chreso University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sody M. Munsaka
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Chreso University, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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14
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Scherer S, Alder J, Gaab J, Berger T, Ihde K, Urech C. Patient satisfaction and psychological well-being after internet-based cognitive behavioral stress management (IB-CBSM) for women with preterm labor: A randomized controlled trial. J Psychosom Res 2016; 80:37-43. [PMID: 26721546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Despite its value for the management of psychological burden, little is known about the efficacy of and patient satisfaction with internet-based cognitive behavioral stress management (IB-CBSM) for women with preterm labor. The present study sets out to analyze stress/anxiety reduction, patient satisfaction and patient's working alliance in a group of 58 women with preterm labor participating in an online psychological stress management project. As part of the project, women were randomly assigned to online stress management or a control condition. RESULTS Levels of stress and anxiety decreased significantly in both conditions from pre- to post-treatment measure. Participants in IB-CBSM reported significant higher working alliance inventory (WAI) scores in the task and goal subscale (p<.001; p<.05) than women in the control condition. In Addition the IB-CBSM group showed significant correlations of the WAI subscale task and goal and the stress/anxiety outcome. Regarding patient satisfaction, women in the IB-CBSM reported significantly higher satisfaction scores (p<.001) than women in the control condition. WAI explained nearly 40% of the variance in patient satisfaction. Furthermore, WAI mediates, at least in part, the relationship between group condition and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION The current analysis indicated that participants in IB-CBSM had higher WAI scores and were more satisfied with the program. In addition only the IB-CBSM group showed significant correlations of the WAI with the stress/anxiety reduction outcome. Based on these findings, it can be presumed that measures of agreement with working alliance parameters, especially task and goal components, are substantially important for more effective and satisfactory therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scherer
- Women's Hospital, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
| | - J Alder
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Gaab
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Berger
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Ihde
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Urech
- Women's Hospital, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Dynamics of quality of life improvement after floppy Nissen fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2015; 10:389-97. [PMID: 26649085 PMCID: PMC4653267 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2015.54187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a negative impact on global quality of life (QOL) of patients. In patients affected by GERD, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is one of the most commonly performed laparoscopic procedures worldwide. Aim To prospectively analyze the dynamics of QOL as well as severity of pain in patients with GERD, before and after laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication. Material and methods The study involved 104 consecutive patients operated on for GERD in whom laparoscopic floppy Nissen fundoplication was performed. QOL was assessed before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after. The following instruments were used: FACIT-G, FACIT-TS-G, GIQLI, GERD symptom scale. Results It was found that symptom relief and quality of life improvement presented different dynamics in the postoperative course. Observations revealed relief of symptoms 1 month after surgery and improvement in QOL related to the gastrointestinal tract and pain 3 months after surgery. Global QOL increased significantly as late as 12 months after surgery. Conclusions Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disease of long duration, leading to impairment of quality of life. Patients, apart from typical symptoms of GERD, suffer from pain of significant severity. QOL improves significantly after surgery. Surgical treatment results in relief of GERD symptoms, which leads to gradual improvement of QOL.
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16
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Antoni MH. Effects of Theodore Millon's Teaching, Mentorship, Theory, and Scientific Contributions on Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research and Practice. J Pers Assess 2015; 97:550-62. [PMID: 26046723 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1046549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the impact of Theodore Millon's work on the disciplines of health psychology and behavioral medicine over the past 5 decades spanning from the late 1960s to present. The article is written from my perspectives as a graduate student mentored by Millon on through my faculty career as a collaborator in test construction and empirical validation research. Several of the most recent entries in this summary reflect projects that were ongoing at the time of his passing, revealing the innovation and visionary spirit that he demonstrated up until the end of his life. Considering that this summary is restricted to Millon's contributions to the disciplines of health psychology and behavioral medicine, this work comprises only a small portion of his larger contribution to the field of psychology and the areas of personality theory and psychological assessment more broadly.
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17
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Castelnuovo G, Zoppis I, Santoro E, Ceccarini M, Pietrabissa G, Manzoni GM, Corti S, Borrello M, Giusti EM, Cattivelli R, Melesi A, Mauri G, Molinari E, Sicurello F. Managing chronic pathologies with a stepped mHealth-based approach in clinical psychology and medicine. Front Psychol 2015; 6:407. [PMID: 25926801 PMCID: PMC4396192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and conditions typically require long-term monitoring and treatment protocols both in traditional settings and in out-patient frameworks. The economic burden of chronic conditions is a key challenge and new and mobile technologies could offer good solutions. mHealth could be considered an evolution of eHealth and could be defined as the practice of medicine and public health supported by mobile communication devices. mHealth approach could overcome limitations linked with the traditional, restricted, and highly expensive in-patient treatment of many chronic pathologies. Possible applications include stepped mHealth approach, where patients can be monitored and treated in their everyday contexts. Unfortunately, many barriers for the spread of mHealth are still present. Due the significant impact of psychosocial factors on disease evolution, psychotherapies have to be included into the chronic disease protocols. Existing psychological theories of health behavior change have to be adapted to the new technological contexts and requirements. In conclusion, clinical psychology and medicine have to face the "chronic care management" challenge in both traditional and mHealth settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San GiuseppeVerbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Italo Zoppis
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Università degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaMilano, Italy
| | - Eugenio Santoro
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario NegriMilano, Italy
| | - Martina Ceccarini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San GiuseppeVerbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of BergamoBergamo, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San GiuseppeVerbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San GiuseppeVerbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San GiuseppeVerbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of BergamoBergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Borrello
- Department of Psychology, University of BergamoBergamo, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San GiuseppeVerbania, Italy
| | - Anna Melesi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Mauri
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Università degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaMilano, Italy
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San GiuseppeVerbania, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sicurello
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, Università degli Studi di Milano-BicoccaMilano, Italy
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Cano-Gutierrez C, Reyes-Ortiz CA, Samper-Ternent R, Gélvez-Rueda JS, Borda MG. Prevalence and Factors Associated to Hypertension Among Older Adults in Bogotá, Colombia. J Aging Health 2015; 27:1046-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264315573518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize older adults in Bogotá with high blood pressure and identify factors associated to this condition within this population. Method: Using data from the Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) (Health, Well-being and Aging) Bogotá Study, we analyzed community-dwelling adults 60 years and older with hypertension. We estimated the prevalence and used logistic regression models to identify factors associated to hypertension. Results: The overall prevalence for hypertension was 56.9%. Older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.07, 1.97]), having health insurance (OR = 4.15, CI = [1.95, 8.85]), cardiovascular diseases (ORs between 1.70 and 3.65), and poor self-rated health (OR = 1.57, CI = [1.20,2.06]) significantly increased the odds of hypertension. Most individuals received pharmacologic treatment (93.5%); however, 28.4% of individuals had uncontrolled hypertension. Discussion: We found a high prevalence of hypertension in our cohort and found that comorbidities and poor self-rated health increase the odds of hypertension. Future studies need to tailor interventions for hypertension management in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cano-Gutierrez
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Rafael Samper-Ternent
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Miguel German Borda
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Coping style and quality of life in elderly patients with vision disturbances. J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:584627. [PMID: 25215225 PMCID: PMC4158297 DOI: 10.1155/2014/584627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. This study aims at evaluating coping style and quality of life in patients with glaucoma and cataract. Methods. The participants were patients (N = 237, 130F; mean age: M = 67,8; SD = 9,5) with low vision caused by cataract (N = 188) and glaucoma (N = 49) who answered the Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOLQ) by Schalock and Keith. The participants were divided by means of cluster analysis (k-means) according to coping styles measured by CISS (Endler and Parker) into three groups: (1) high mobilization for coping, (2) task-oriented coping, and (3) low mobilization for coping. Results. In all the group, a general quality of life was moderately lowered; however, in task-oriented group it was relatively high. Moreover, task-oriented group had significantly lower level of anxiety (STAI), hopelessness (HS), and loneliness (UCLA LS-R) and higher level of self-esteem (SES) in comparison to the patients from high mobilization and low mobilization for coping. Conclusions. In an old age, adaptive coping with vision disturbances does not necessarily mean flexibility in combining all coping styles, but rather task-oriented coping and an ability to use social support. Extreme mobilization for coping seems not adaptive similarly like low mobilization for coping because it violates balance between environmental requirements and personal resources.
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Schuster R, Bornovalova M, Hunt E. The influence of depression on the progression of HIV: direct and indirect effects. Behav Modif 2011; 36:123-45. [PMID: 22089635 DOI: 10.1177/0145445511425231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors suggest a theoretical model of pathways of HIV progression, with a focus on the contributions of depression-as well as secondary, behavioral and emotional variables. Literature was reviewed regarding (a) comorbid depression and the direct physiological effects on HIV progression and (b) intermediary factors between HIV and disease progression. Intermediary factors included (a) substance use, (b) social support, (c) hopelessness, (d) medication nonadherence, and (e) risky sexual behavior and the contraction of secondary infections. The authors suggest direct physiological pathways from depression to HIV progression and indirect pathways (e.g., behavioral, social, and psychological). In addition to depression, substance use, poor social support, hopelessness, medication nonadherence, and risky sexual behavior seem to be integral in HIV progression. Based on the individual relationships of these variables to depression and HIV progression, a comprehensive multipath model, incorporating all factors, serves to explain how severe emotional distress may lead to accelerated progression to AIDS.
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Practitioner perceptions of emotions associated with pain: a survey. J Chiropr Med 2011; 4:11-8. [PMID: 19674641 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-3467(07)60107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Revised: 08/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discover whether chiropractors consider that emotional factors are associated with pain presentations in their patients and if so, what methods they use to investigate these factors and what strategies they use to manage them. DESIGN A telephone survey of chiropractors in Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) and North America (America and Canada). A database of practitioners was obtained for each region. A phoning protocol was established in each region to standardize the survey approach. SETTING Private practice of chiropractic. METHOD Chiropractic centers were telephoned and the attending chiropractor(s) were asked to complete a phone survey. The survey consisted of a series of short questions designed to establish the main techniques used in the practice. Questions focused on whether emotional factors of the patient were recognized and addressed and what role emotional factors play in the management of the patient. SAMPLE Subjects were registered/licensed chiropractors listed in a publication of the largest association of practitioners in their region. RESULTS In Australasia and North America just under half of practitioners surveyed (45.8% and 50.5% respectively) used a technique to evaluate any impacting emotions on the presenting condition. Additionally, 36.3% of Australasia and 33.3% of North America practitioners had a technique to treat emotional factors in the patient. The study also suggests that over 90% of Australasian chiropractors and 80% of North America chiropractors consider emotional factors important in pain presentations. CONCLUSION This study found that a substantial number (80-90%) of the chiropractors surveyed believe that emotional factors influence pain syndromes. However, less than half of these practitioners report that they are able to evaluate emotional factors and approximately only a third report that they are able to treat them. This study shows there is a need for further research of chiropractors to be able to evaluate emotional factors and techniques that can be used to rectify emotional components of their patients' pain syndromes.
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LaFrance WC, Alosco ML, Davis JD, Tremont G, Ryan CE, Keitner GI, Miller IW, Blum AS. Impact of family functioning on quality of life in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures versus epilepsy. Epilepsia 2011; 52:292-300. [PMID: 21299547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate different contributions of aspects of family functioning (FF) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) versus epileptic seizures (ES). METHODS Forty-five participants with PNES and 32 with ES completed self-report measures of FF (Family Assessment Device; FAD), HRQOL (Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31), and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II). The FAD is a self-report questionnaire that assesses FF along six dimensions and general functioning. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of FF to HRQOL above and beyond the effects of disease severity and depression. KEY FINDINGS Mean Family General Functioning fell in the unhealthy range in participants with ES or PNES. On further analysis, male participants in each group endorsed unhealthy levels of FF compared to female participants. Patients with PNES reported poorer HRQOL and greater depressive symptoms compared to ES participants; there were no gender differences in HRQOL. Regression analyses indicated that the FAD Roles subscale predicted reduced HRQOL in patients with PNES after controlling for illness duration, seizure frequency, and depression. After controlling for the same factors, Communication and Affective Involvement subscales scores predicted HRQOL in ES participants. SIGNIFICANCE Family dysfunction was reported in both ES and PNES participants, but greater family dysfunction was experienced by male participants in both groups. Aspects of FF predicted HRQOL in patients with PNES and ES differentially. FF may be an important treatment target to enhance coping in these groups, although the treatments may need to target different aspects of FF in PNES versus ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Curt LaFrance
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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Diener E, Chan MY. Happy People Live Longer: Subjective Well-Being Contributes to Health and Longevity. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kitayama S, Karasawa M, Curhan KB, Ryff CD, Markus HR. Independence and interdependence predict health and wellbeing: divergent patterns in the United States and Japan. Front Psychol 2010; 1:163. [PMID: 21833228 PMCID: PMC3153777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-cultural survey was used to examine two hypotheses designed to link culture to wellbeing and health. The first hypothesis states that people are motivated toward prevalent cultural mandates of either independence (personal control) in the United States or interdependence (relational harmony) in Japan. As predicted, Americans with compromised personal control and Japanese with strained relationships reported high perceived constraint. The second hypothesis holds that people achieve wellbeing and health through actualizing the respective cultural mandates in their modes of being. As predicted, the strongest predictor of wellbeing and health was personal control in the United States, but the absence of relational strain in Japan. All analyses controlled for age, gender, educational attainment, and personality traits. The overall pattern of findings underscores culturally distinct pathways (independent versus interdependent) in achieving the positive life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Kitayama
- Department of Psychology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mayumi Karasawa
- Department of Communication, Tokyo Woman's Christian UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | | | - Carol D. Ryff
- Department of Psychology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
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Bonacchi A, Rossi A, Bellotti L, Franco S, Toccafondi A, Miccinesi G, Rosselli M. Assessment of psychological distress in cancer patients: a pivotal role for clinical interview. Psychooncology 2010; 19:1294-302. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rausch SM, Clark MM, Patten C, Liu H, Felten S, Li Y, Sloan J, Yang P. Relationship between cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and symptom burden and quality of life in lung cancer survivors. Cancer 2010; 116:4103-13. [PMID: 20564140 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated that many lung cancer survivors report difficulties with symptom control and experience a poor quality of life (QOL). Although recent studies have suggested a relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several cytokine genes with cancer susceptibility and prognosis, associations with symptom burden and QOL have not been examined. The current study was conducted to identify SNPs related to symptom burden and QOL outcomes in lung cancer survivors. METHODS All participants were enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Lung Cancer Cohort following diagnosis of lung cancer. A total of 1149 Caucasian lung cancer survivors completed questionnaires and had genetic samples available. The main outcome measures were symptom burden as measured by the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale and health-related QOL as measured by the Short-Form General Health Survey. RESULTS Twenty-one SNPs in cytokine genes were associated with symptom burden and QOL outcomes. Our results suggested both specificity and consistency of cytokine gene SNPs in predicting outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These results provide support for genetic predisposition to QOL and symptom burden and may aid in identification of lung cancer survivors at high risk for symptom management and QOL difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Rausch
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Inc, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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Verhaak CM, Lintsen AME, Evers AWM, Braat DDM. Who is at risk of emotional problems and how do you know? Screening of women going for IVF treatment. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1234-40. [PMID: 20228392 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C M Verhaak
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Karolich RL, Ford JP. Meaning, comprehension, and manageability of end-stage renal disease in older adults living with long-term hemodialysis. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2010; 49:19-37. [PMID: 20077317 DOI: 10.1080/00981380902958601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The association between perceived meaning of chronic illness and adherence to treatment was explored with a sample of 100 participants, 50 years old and older, diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and being treated with outpatient hemodialysis. The meanings participants attached to their condition were examined in relation to their attitudes toward and adherence to their long-term hemodialysis and other prescribed interventions. The findings of this study suggest that the subjective meanings attached to a chronic illness greatly influence how older adults comprehend and manage their condition. The findings have important implications for health care professionals in terms of assessment and discharge planning for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Karolich
- Anthropology, Sociology, and Social Work Department, Social Work Program, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475-3102, USA.
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Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is considered to be a sudden and fatal degenerative brain disorder that leads to death within a few months. In the last decade, we have studied the course of familial CJD (fCJD) among Jews of Libyan descent, one of the largest clusters of fCJD in the world. Recently, we published results that included the identification of abnormal anxiety levels in healthy CJD E200K mutation carriers that were significantly different from those of healthy non-carriers from the same families. All participants were first-degree relatives of patients known to have been carriers of the E200K mutation and had died from CJD, and none of the participants was aware of his/her genetic make-up. In the current review, it is suggested that an abnormality in anxiety levels among the healthy fCJD mutation carriers may reflect the clinical presentation of the disease onset especially during and after any stressful experience. This hypothesis is supported by a summary of relevant literature, dealing with psychological, physiological, and cellular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Gigi
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University Center, Ariel, Israel.
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A mind-body treatment for hypothyroid dysfunction: a report of two cases. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2009; 15:67-71. [PMID: 19341982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For many years hypothyroid dysfunction has been treated with standard medical approaches yet some seek newer experimental conservative approaches. This paper describes the management of a new conservative approach to management in two individuals who sought treatment from a practitioner specialising in a new integrative mind-body based treatment. The purpose of this study is to present two case studies of the management of hypothyroid dysfunction using the mind-body neuro-emotional technique (NET). METHOD The study was set in a private practice setting in Sydney, Australia. Two cases had been diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism by independent medical and laboratory based assessment, of which conservative management had not resolved the symptoms. Both cases underwent a schedule of NET as a modality to treat their hypothyroidism. RESULTS Objective measures such as thyroid stimulating hormone and T(4) levels were reported, along with more subjective measures such as feelings of tiredness and general well being. In both cases, there were improvements in TSH and T(4) levels, both returning to normal levels. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid dysfunction has been effectively treated by conventional medicine for many years. Changes in thyroid dysfunction after a course of NET have been described. As the standard medical model is associated with some adverse effects such as long-term medication use and potential side effects, all natural, non-invasive approaches to management should be reviewed. Further research into this mind-body therapy is recommended to evaluate its potential effectiveness for this common condition.
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Ng BHP, Tsang HWH. Psychophysiological outcomes of health qigong for chronic conditions: A systematic review. Psychophysiology 2009; 46:257-69. [PMID: 19170945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobby H P Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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Woodgate J, Brawley LR. Self-efficacy for exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: review and recommendations. J Health Psychol 2008; 13:366-87. [PMID: 18420771 DOI: 10.1177/1359105307088141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous physical and psychosocial benefits of exercise for coronary heart disease survivors, non-adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise is a major problem. Adherence to the lifestyle behavior change associated with CR involves both physical and self-regulatory skills. While self-regulatory efficacy is clearly linked to exercise adherence and adjustment, the literature on the relationship between self-efficacy and exercise among CR participants has not been systematically reviewed. A search of relevant databases identified 41 CR studies. Few studies measured self-regulatory efficacy for actions that facilitate adherence. Most studies examined self-efficacy during the intensive center-based phase of CR, with little attention to long-term maintenance. The CR literature could benefit by examining (a) self-efficacy as a major rehabilitation outcome, (b) measurement of self-regulatory efficacy for behavior change, (c) suspected moderators of self-efficacy (i.e. gender, age), and (d) self-efficacy relative to maintenance.
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Leventhal H, Weinman J, Leventhal EA, Phillips LA. Health Psychology: the Search for Pathways between Behavior and Health. Annu Rev Psychol 2008; 59:477-505. [PMID: 17937604 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review of the current status of theoretically based behavioral research for chronic illness management makes the following points: (a) Behavioral interventions have demonstrated effectiveness for improving health outcomes using biomedical indicators, (b) current interventions are too costly and time consuming to be used in clinical and community settings, (c) translation of the conceptual models generated from studies of the problem-solving processes underlying self-management and the relationship of these processes to the self system and cultural and institutional contexts suggest new avenues for developing effective and efficient cognitive-behavioral interventions, and (d) it is proposed that integration of the conceptual developments in self-management with new approaches to the design of clinical trials can generate tailored, behavioral interventions that will improve quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Leventhal
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-1293, USA.
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Consedine NS, Moskowitz JT. The role of discrete emotions in health outcomes: A critical review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appsy.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schneiderman N, Ironson G, Siegel SD. Stress and health: psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2007; 1:607-28. [PMID: 17716101 PMCID: PMC2568977 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stressors have a major influence upon mood, our sense of well-being, behavior, and health. Acute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. However, if the threat is unremitting, particularly in older or unhealthy individuals, the long-term effects of stressors can damage health. The relationship between psychosocial stressors and disease is affected by the nature, number, and persistence of the stressors as well as by the individual's biological vulnerability (i.e., genetics, constitutional factors), psychosocial resources, and learned patterns of coping. Psychosocial interventions have proven useful for treating stress-related disorders and may influence the course of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0751, USA.
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Berterö C, Chamberlain Wilmoth M. Breast cancer diagnosis and its treatment affecting the self: a meta-synthesis. Cancer Nurs 2007; 30:194-202; quiz 203-4. [PMID: 17510582 DOI: 10.1097/01.ncc.0000270707.80037.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There has been a great deal of qualitative research conducted that has examined the impact of breast cancer on the Self, however, there has been little effort to analyze these findings from a meta-perspective. This study sought to fill this gap by conducting a meta-synthesis of the qualitative research on breast cancer and its treatments affecting the Self. Meta-method and meta-synthesis techniques were used to integrate findings across 30 qualitative research reports conducted between 1990 and 2003 with a total of 795 women, from several different countries.The fusions identified from this meta-synthesis revealed 4 aspects of the Self affected by the diagnosis of breast cancer and its treatment: awareness of their own mortality, living with an uncertain certainty, attachment validation, and redefinition of Self. These findings were validated through use of a comparison study. The women adapt to being a breast cancer patient; redefining their lives and their self. This study highlights the existential process that women of many cultures move through as they incorporate the meaning of breast cancer into their lives. Nurses who are aware of these processes are better able to link women with resources to help them in their adaptation to living with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Berterö
- Department of Medicine and Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
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Woodgate J, Brawley LR, Shields CA. Social Support in Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Maintenance: Associations with Self-Efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ickovics JR, Milan S, Boland R, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Vlahov D. Psychological resources protect health: 5-year survival and immune function among HIV-infected women from four US cities. AIDS 2006; 20:1851-60. [PMID: 16954726 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000244204.95758.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guided by Cognitive Adaptation Theory, the aim was to determine whether psychological resources (positive affect, positive expectancy regarding health outcomes, finding meaning in challenging circumstances) protect against HIV-related mortality and decline in CD4 lymphocyte counts among women with HIV. DESIGN The HIV Epidemiologic Research Study, a longitudinal prospective cohort study, with semi-annual interview, physical examination and laboratory assays. METHODS A total of 773 HIV-seropositive women aged 16 to 55 years were recruited from four academic medical centers in Baltimore, Maryland; Bronx, New York; Providence, Rhode Island; and Detroit, Michigan. Semi-annually for up to 5 years, the women were interviewed, underwent physical examination, medical record abstraction, and venipuncture. Primary outcomes for these analyses included HIV-related mortality and CD4 cell count slope decline over 5 years. RESULTS Psychological resources were inversely associated with HIV-related mortality and time to death, beyond the effects of potential confounding variables such as clinical status (e.g., HIV viral load, symptoms, antiretroviral therapy), sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. age, race), and depression at study entry (P < 0.05). Psychological resources also were inversely associated with CD4+ cell count decline (P < 0.01), serving as a possible mechanism linking resources to mortality. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resources may protect against HIV-related mortality and immune system decline. Findings have implications for understanding individual variability in HIV disease progression. Moreover, because psychological resources are potentially amenable to change, results can be applied to clinical interventions aimed at improving the health of women with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette R Ickovics
- Yale School of Public Health and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA.
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Cramp AG, Brawley LR. Moms in motion: a group-mediated cognitive-behavioral physical activity intervention. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006; 3:23. [PMID: 16925809 PMCID: PMC1564034 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-3-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When examining the prevalence of physical inactivity by gender and age, women over the age of 25 are at an increased risk for sedentary behavior. Childbearing and motherhood have been explored as one possible explanation for this increased risk. Post natal exercise studies to date demonstrate promising physical and psychological outcomes, however few physical activity interventions have been theory-driven and tailored to post natal exercise initiates. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral intervention based upon social-cognitive theory and group dynamics (GMCB) to a standard care postnatal exercise program (SE). Method A randomized, two-arm intervention design was used. Fifty-seven post natal women were randomized to one of two conditions: (1) a standard exercise treatment (SE) and (2) a standard exercise treatment plus group-mediated cognitive behavioral intervention (GMCB). Participants in both conditions participated in a four-week intensive phase where participants received standard exercise training. In addition, GMCB participants received self-regulatory behavioral skills training via six group-mediated counseling sessions. Following the intensive phase, participants engaged in a four-week home-based phase of self-structured exercise. Measures of physical activity, barrier efficacy, and proximal outcome expectations were administered and data were analyzed using ANCOVA procedures. Results and discussion ANCOVA of change scores for frequency, minutes, and volume of physical activity revealed significant treatment effects over the intensive and home-based phases (p's < 0.01). In addition, ANCOVA of change in mean barrier efficacy and proximal outcome expectations at the conclusion of the intensive phase demonstrated that GMCB participants increased their initial level of barrier efficacy and outcome expectations while SE participants decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion While both exercise programs resulted in improvements to exercise participation, the GMCB intervention produced greater improvement in overall physical activity, barrier efficacy and proximal outcome expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita G Cramp
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence R Brawley
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SASK, CA, USA
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Krause CM, Jones CS, Joyce S, Kuhn MEJ, Curtin K, Murphy LP, Krause CMJ, Boan B, Lucas DR. The impact of a multidisciplinary, integrated approach on improving the health and quality of care for individuals dealing with multiple chronic conditions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2006; 76:109-14. [PMID: 16569134 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of using a multidisciplinary, integrated, whole-person, team advocate approach to educate and empower participants with multiple chronic illnesses and coordinate, monitor, and support their health care process. Individuals (N = 39) from Midwest hospitals participated and completed self-report instruments. Changes in participants' functioning were also measured with diagnostic measures completed by the team advocates. The results indicate that the participants' perceptions of physical functioning, physical well-being, control, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction increased. Additionally, health-related behavior changes were reported, and short-term costs were significantly lower than projected costs. Finally, the participants rated their health care services in the program as more effective than previous health care services.
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Abstract
There is clinical and experimental evidence that the brain can start, influence, and stop biologic skin events. Studies suggest that the skin, as a relevant part of the "diffuse brain," can modify the quality of perceptions and feelings. The immune and the endocrine systems seem to represent the protagonists of the modulation of those events and, in this context, psychosocial stressors and interventions can lead to global health changes of great interest for dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Urpe
- Centro Interuniversitario di Dermatologia Biologica e Psicosomatica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Leiberich P, Brieger M, Schumacher K, Joraschky P, Olbrich E, Loew H, Tritt K. [Effects of distress and coping on quality of life in HIV-positive patients: results of a longitudinal study]. DER NERVENARZT 2005; 76:1117-9, 1121-3, 1125-6. [PMID: 15744480 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-004-1868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preserving health-related quality of life (QOL) is an important approach with HIV-positive patients. In a longitudinal study over 3 years, with three measurements each 18 months, we examined 56 of these patients for the influence of distress and coping (assessed by interviews) on physical, cognitive-emotional, and social QOL (using the SEL questionnaire). The patients were 32.9 years old on average, with 28.3 months since diagnosis. Seventy percent were male, 82% asymptomatic, 14% with ARC, and 4% with AIDS. Forty-five percent had been infected by homosexual intercourse, 14% by heterosexual intercourse, and 41% by iv drug abuse. The patients reported significantly worse physical and cognitive-emotional QOL than healthy subjects. Those HIV-positive persons with great distress showed significantly lower QOL scores. Multiple analyses of regression showed evasive-regressive coping at the T1, T2, and T3 levels as negative predictors, vs active, problem-focused coping as a positive predictor for nearly all QOL parameters at T3. HIV-positive patients with ARC or AIDS reported more physical complaints and lower physical QOL than asymptomatic persons. Physicians should suggest psychosocial support to patients with poor QOL scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Leiberich
- Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II am Klinikum der Universität Regensburg, Deutschland.
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Scott JL, Halford WK, Ward BG. United we stand? The effects of a couple-coping intervention on adjustment to early stage breast or gynecological cancer. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 72:1122-35. [PMID: 15612858 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.6.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer diagnosis affects the psychological well-being of both patients and their partners, and effective coping has been suggested to be a conjoint process of mutual support. Ninety-four married women with early stage cancer and their partners were randomly assigned to couples-based coping training (CanCOPE), individual coping training for the woman, or a medical education control. Couples' observed support communication and self-reported psychological distress, coping effort, and sexual adjustment were assessed at diagnosis, after cancer surgery, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. CanCOPE produced significant improvements in couples' supportive communication, reduced psychological distress and coping effort, and improved sexual adjustment. Training in couples rather than individual coping was more effective in facilitating adaptation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Scott
- Queensland Cancer Fund-Griffith University Cancer Support Centre, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt Campus, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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Milan S, Ickovics J, Vlahov D, Boland R, Schoenbaum E, Schuman P, Moore J. Interpersonal predictors of depression trajectories in women with HIV. J Consult Clin Psychol 2005; 73:678-88. [PMID: 16173855 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.73.4.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article tests an interpersonal model of depression symptom trajectories tailored to the experiences of women with HIV. Specifically, the authors examined how bereavement, maternal role difficulty, HIV-related social isolation, and partner conflict predicted change in depressive symptoms over 5 years in 761 women with HIV, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical health factors. Of these interpersonal characteristics, partner conflict emerged as a robust predictor of change in depressive symptoms in growth curve and cross-lag models. Results highlight the need for interventions focusing on interpersonal issues, particularly intimate relationships, in women with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Milan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06269, USA.
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Janz NK, Dodge JA, Janevic MR, Lin X, Donaldson AE, Clark NM. Understanding and Reducing Stress and Psychological Distress in Older Women with Heart Disease. J Women Aging 2004; 16:19-38. [PMID: 15778167 DOI: 10.1300/j074v16n03_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress and psychological distress were assessed in 457 older women who were subsequently randomized to a six-week heart disease management program ("Women take PRIDE") or to a "usual care" control group. Baseline distress was significantly associated with age, symptoms, physical functioning, social support, optimism, and self-esteem (p < .05). Only 20% of women reported their physician had recommended reducing stress. At four months follow-up, intervention women compared to controls were significantly more likely to report reductions in stress levels (p = 0.02) and also showed improvement in emotional behavior (p = 0.09).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Janz
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Smedslund G, Ringdal GI. Meta-analysis of the effects of psychosocial interventions on survival time in cancer patients. J Psychosom Res 2004; 57:123-31; discussion 133-5. [PMID: 15465065 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2002] [Accepted: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a quantitative summary of effects of psychosocial interventions on cancer survival, and to present an overview of methodological and reporting aspects of the studies. METHOD Electronic searches and manual searches of reference lists from review articles and retrieved papers. Two coders independently coded study, participant, treatment, and outcome characteristics of the studies meeting selection criteria. RESULTS Thirteen journal articles published between 1989 and 2003 reporting results from 14 controlled intervention studies were included. Results are based on data obtained from 2626 subjects. Effect sizes [hazard ratios (HR)] were heterogeneous and random effects models were used in the analyses. The total mean inverse-variance-weighted HR was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.65-1.11). Randomized studies (n=8) showed no overall treatment effect (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.56-1.06), neither did the nonrandomized studies (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.61-1.62). Interventions using individual treatment (n=3) were, however, found to be effective (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43-0.70) but interventions using group treatment (n=9) were ineffective (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.73-1.27). Group treatments of breast cancer (n=6) were ineffective (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.69-1.31). CONCLUSION A definite conclusion about whether psychosocial interventions prolong cancer survival seems premature. Future studies should use randomization to avoid self-selection of patients with poor prognosis. Interventions should focus on a single diagnosis, take into account known risk factors, and describe their interventions thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Smedslund
- Department for Social Services Research, Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs, P.O. Box 8054 Dep., NO-0031 Oslo, Norway.
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Focht BC, Brawley LR, Rejeski WJ, Ambrosius WT. Group-mediated activity counseling and traditional exercise therapy programs: Effects on health-related quality of life among older adults in cardiac rehabilitation. Ann Behav Med 2004; 28:52-61. [PMID: 15249259 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm2801_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity has been consistently related to improvements in health- related quality of life (HRQL) in older adults. Nevertheless, systematic investigations of the influence of exercise therapy on older men and women enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation remain sparse. PURPOSE The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral physical activity intervention program (GMCB) to a traditional cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) with regard to changes in HRQL in a community-dwelling sample of older adults. METHODS This randomized clinical trial assigned 147 participants who were eligible for inclusion in cardiac rehabilitation to the GMCB or traditional CRP arms. Changes in HRQL at 3 and 12 months were assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) from the Medical Outcomes Study. RESULTS Mixed-model analyses yielded significant Baseline x Gender x Treatment interactions for the self-reported mental health component and the Vitality subscale of the SF-36. Decomposition of these interactions revealed that men in both exercise therapy groups and women in the GMCB treatment with low baseline values demonstrated more favorable improvements in the HRQL perceived mental health measures than women in the CRP treatment. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in HRQL among older adults enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation differ as a function of treatment, gender, and initial mental health status. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for the design of future physical activity interventions among older adults with cardiovascular disease and the measurement of their HRQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Focht
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Carolina University, Greenville 27858, USA.
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Carlson LE, Angen M, Cullum J, Goodey E, Koopmans J, Lamont L, MacRae JH, Martin M, Pelletier G, Robinson J, Simpson JSA, Speca M, Tillotson L, Bultz BD. High levels of untreated distress and fatigue in cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:2297-304. [PMID: 15162149 PMCID: PMC2410292 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess a large representative sample of cancer patients on distress levels, common psychosocial problems, and awareness and use of psychosocial support services. A total of 3095 patients were assessed over a 4-week period with the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), a common problems checklist, and on awareness and use of psychosocial resources. Full data was available on 2776 patients. On average, patients were 60 years old, Caucasian (78.3%), and middle class. Approximately, half were attending for follow-up care. Types of cancer varied, with the largest groups being breast (23.5%), prostate (16.9%), colorectal (7.5%), and lung (5.8%) cancer patients. Overall, 37.8% of all patients met criteria for general distress in the clinical range. A higher proportion of men met case criteria for somatisation, and more women for depression. There were no gender differences in anxiety or overall distress severity. Minority patients were more likely to be distressed, as were those with lower income, cancers other than prostate, and those currently on active treatment. Lung, pancreatic, head and neck, Hodgkin's disease, and brain cancer patients were the most distressed. Almost half of all patients who met distress criteria had not sought professional psychosocial support nor did they intend to in the future. In conclusion, distress is very common in cancer patients across diagnoses and across the disease trajectory. Many patients who report high levels of distress are not taking advantage of available supportive resources. Barriers to such use, and factors predicting distress and use of psychosocial care, require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Carlson
- Department of Psychosocial Resources, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Cancer Board, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Erickson DB, Stapleton F, Erickson P, du Toit R, Giannakopoulos E, Holden B. Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Quality-of-Life Scale for Myopia. Optom Vis Sci 2004; 81:70-81. [PMID: 15127925 DOI: 10.1097/00006324-200402000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five dimensions of health-related quality of life in myopia were hypothesized to affect satisfaction with visual correction modality. Items on these dimensions reflected the frequency of visual compromise and ocular symptoms; individual tolerance of these compromises and symptoms; cosmesis; psychological constructs (including situation-dependent characteristics such as adaptability, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being); and personality traits such as extraversion and introversion. METHODS Psychologically oriented items and visually oriented items were developed in two stages involving 1,647 participants. Item development was based on a comprehensive literature review, interviews with experts, myopic subjects, and graduate students, and written feedback. Items were selected through factor analysis and the examination of their ability to discriminate between treatment conditions (spectacle wear, daily use of contact lenses, continuous use of contact lenses, or laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis for myopia). After development, selection, and validation of the psychological items and then the vision items, a final multidimensional scale combining both types of items was designed. The scale was administered to 124 subjects whose myopia was corrected by one of several treatment modalities to determine final construct validity. RESULTS Using principal axis factoring and oblimin with Kaiser normalization rotation methods, five factors with strong item loadings evolved as hypothesized. The final multidimensional scale consisted of 13 items related to specific aspects of frequency of visual compromise and ocular symptoms with 13 corresponding items for level of tolerance for these problems; three items related to cosmesis; 10 items related to psychological characteristics; and six items related to personality traits. Good internal consistency in each factor (Cronbach's alpha range, 0.76 to 0.92) for the scale was evident. DISCUSSION This report describes the development and validation of an easily administered, short, effective multidimensional health-related quality-of-life questionnaire for use in selecting and measuring success of methods for correcting myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Erickson
- Cooperative Research Centre for Eye Research and Technology, Institute for Eye Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Carlson LE, Bultz BD. Efficacy and medical cost offset of psychosocial interventions in cancer care: Making the case for economic analyses. Psychooncology 2004; 13:837-49; discussion 850-6. [PMID: 15578622 DOI: 10.1002/pon.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The burden of cancer in the worldwide context continues to grow, as incidence and mortality increase each year. Regardless of where they live, a significant proportion of cancer patients at all stages of the disease trajectory will suffer social, emotional and psychological morbidity as a result of their diagnosis and treatment. Psychosocial interventions have proven efficacious in helping patients and families overcome many of the challenges that arise consequent to a cancer diagnosis. Addressing psychosocial needs is an essential aspect of any model of adequate cancer care, however it may also prove to be a cornerstone in efforts to extend the reach of cost-effective cancer treatment to meet the growing global need. In order to set the stage for discussion of economic issues, this paper first briefly reviews the literature detailing the extent of distress and the efficacy of psychosocial treatments for cancer patients. This is followed by a summary of terminology and costing concepts in the economic evaluation of psychosocial treatments, and a review of the literature on medical cost offset in mental health, other medical populations, and in cancer patients. The literature clearly supports the notion that psychosocial interventions are not only effective, but also economical. Conclusions support adding costing data into evaluations of the efficacy of psychosocial treatments in order to detail the often present but usually overlooked long-term cost savings that may be accrued to overburdened health-care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Carlson
- Department of Psychosocial Resources, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Cancer Board, Canada.
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