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Wu S, Huang J, Li Y, Zhao L. Comparative transcriptomics combined with physiological and functional analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under acute hypoxia stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116347. [PMID: 38691881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia, largely triggered by global warming and water contamination, has become an environmental issue of great concern, posing a great threat to aquatic ecosystem. As one of the world's most economically important fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is extremely intolerant of hypoxic environments, however, little is known about the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the response of rainbow trout to hypoxia stress. Herein, effects of moderate (Tm12L) and severe hypoxia for 12 h (Ts12L) and 12 h reoxygenation on histology, biochemical parameters (antioxidant, metabolism and immunity) and transcriptome (lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA) in rainbow trout liver were investigated. We further validated the regulatory relationships between LOC110519952, novel-m0023-5p and glut1a via dual‑luciferase reporter, overexpression and silencing assays. Compared with Tm12L, the liver in Ts12L showed more severe oxidative damage. Anaerobic, lipid and protein metabolism was enhanced under hypoxia stress, especially in Ts12L. We also found that Tm12L could strengthen innate immune response, which was inhibited in Ts12L. Besides, several hypoxia-related genes (glut1a, vegfaa, hmox, epoa, foxo1a and igfbp1) and ceRNA networks were identified from 1824, 427 and 545 differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs, including LOC118965299-novel-m0179-3p-epoa, LOC110519952-novel-m0023-5p-glut1a, MSTRG.7382.2-miR-184-y-hmox and LOC110520012-miR-206-y-vegfaa. Through in vitro and in vivo functional analysis, we demonstrated that glut1a is a target of novel-m0023-5p, and LOC110519952 can positively regulate glut1a by targeting novel-m0023-5p. Introduction of LOC110519952 could attenuate the promoting effects of novel-m0023-5p on rainbow trout liver cell viability and proliferation. This study highlights the differences in the regulatory mechanism of rainbow trout under different concentrations of hypoxia stress and provides valuable data for further research on the molecular mechanisms of fish adaptation to hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenji Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jinqiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yongjuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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2
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Jasim SA, Golgouneh S, Jaber MM, Indiaminov SI, Alsaikhan F, Hammid AT, Mustafa YF, Karim YS, Sultan MQ, Norbakhsh M. Effects of short-term exposure to the heavy metal, nickel chloride (Nicl 2) on gill histology and osmoregulation components of the gray mullet, Mugil cephalus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 258:109361. [PMID: 35525465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The gray mullet, Mugil cephalus is an inshore and bottom-feeding fish species of Oman sea. Therefore, the gray mullet may be more exposed to heavy metal contamination, as the toxic impacts of heavy metals mullet has been reported in various studies. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of the heavy metal, nickel (as NiCl2) on osmoregulation of the gray mullet by measuring blood biochemicals, hormones, minerals and gill histology. Fish (10 fish/tank) were experimentally exposed to NiCl2 at three environmentally relevant concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 μg/l for 96 h. Then, fish were challenged with seawater (35 mg/l) for a period of 120 min. The samples (blood and gill tissue) were collected After 96 exposure to NiCl2 and during salinity challenge (30, 60 and 120 min post challenge). The plasma levels of cortisol and glucose significantly increased in NiCl2-exposed fish. In addition, cortisol increased in all experimental groups 30 min after salinity challenge and then returned gradually to the same levels as the control at 120 min post salinity challenge (PSC). The triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels significantly decreased in response to 10 and 15 μg/l NiCl2. In all groups, the thyroid hormones significantly elevated at 30 min PSC. After 30 min PSC, T3 levels in all NiCl2-exposed fish and T4 in the treatment, 10 μg/l NiCl2 remained unchanged throughout the salinity challenge. In the treatment, 5 μg/l NiCl2, T4 levels were recovered at 120 min PSC and reached the same levels as the control. Exposure of fish to high concentrations of NiCl2 and salinity stress increased the lactate levels. However, lactate levels in 5 and 10 μg/l NiCl2 groups were recovered at 120 min PSC and reached the same levels as the control. Furthermore, plasma protein increased in response to 10 and 15 μg/l NiCl2. At 30 PSC, the protein levels decreased in control and 5 μg/l NiCl2 group, while it remained unchanged in fish exposed to 10 and 15 μg/l NiCl2 throughout the salinity challenge. Exposure of fish to NiCl2 disrupted the electrolyte (Na+, Cl-) balance both before and after salinity challenge, which may be due to gill lesions induced by the heavy metal and following alternations in gill permeability. However, fish in 5 μg/l NiCl2 re-established the ionic balance in the blood at the end of salinity challenge period. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in response to 10 and 15 μg/l NiCl2. The MDA levels returned to the same levels as the control group at 120 min PSC. The results of the present study showed that nickel-induced toxicity (especially at high concentrations) can reduce the osmoregulation capabilities of mullet. However, fish are able to recover from the toxic effects over time, if contamination be eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq.
| | - Sahar Golgouneh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mustafa Musa Jaber
- Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Dijlah University College, Baghdad 10021, Iraq; Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10021, Iraq
| | - Sayit I Indiaminov
- Doctor of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic Medicine, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Department, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | | | | | - Maryam Norbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Islam MJ, Kunzmann A, Slater MJ. Extreme winter cold-induced osmoregulatory, metabolic, and physiological responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) acclimatized at different salinities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145202. [PMID: 33736134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite climate-change challenges, for most aquaculture species, physiological responses to different salinities during ambient extreme cold events remain unknown. Here, European seabass acclimatized at 3, 6, 12, and 30 PSU were subjected to 20 days of an ambient extreme winter cold event (8 °C), and monitored for growth and physiological performance. Growth performance decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU compared to 6 and 12 PSU. During cold stress exposure, serum Na+, Cl-, and K+ concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in fish exposed at 30 PSU. Serum cortisol, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU. In contrast, opposite trends were observed for serum protein, lactate, and triglycerides content during cold exposure. Transaminase activities [glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl-transaminase (γGGT)] were significantly higher in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU on days 10 and 20. The abundance of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance (CFTR) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU during cold shock exposure. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) expression was significantly lower in fish exposed at 3 and 30 PSU. Whereas, on day 20, Na+/K+ ATPase α1 and Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) were significantly upregulated in fish exposed at 30 PSU, followed by 12, 6, and 3 PSU. Results demonstrated that ambient extreme winter cold events induce metabolic and physiological stress responses and provide a conceivable mechanism by which growth and physiological fitness are limited at cold thermal events. However, during ambient extreme cold (8 °C) exposure, European seabass exhibited better physiological fitness at 12 and 6 PSU water, providing possible insight into future aquaculture management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakiul Islam
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Chemistry (FB 02), University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthew James Slater
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
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4
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Bergstedt JH, Pfalzgraff T, Skov PV. Hypoxia tolerance and metabolic coping strategies in Oreochromis niloticus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110956. [PMID: 33857591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is widely farmed in tropical and subtropical pond culture. O. niloticus is recognized as a species that is tolerant of hypoxic conditions, a trait that may largely be responsible for the success of this species in aquaculture. Until now, neither coping mechanisms nor a comparison of various indices of hypoxia tolerance to characterize the response to hypoxia, have been described. In the present study, Nile tilapia were subjected to hypoxia of increasing severity and duration to examine effects on metabolic rate (MO2) and post hypoxic oxygen debt. MO2 was measured during periods of severe hypoxia at 2.1 kPa O2 (10% oxygen saturation) lasting between 2 and 24 h at 27 °C. Hypoxia tolerance was assessed by determining the critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) and the pO2 at which loss of equilibrium (LOE) occurred. We show that the tolerance of Nile tilapia to severe hypoxia is largely achieved through a capacity for metabolic depression. Despite prolonged exposure to dissolved oxygen levels below Pcrit, the fish showed little excess post-hypoxic oxygen consumption (EPHOC) upon return to normoxic conditions. LOE did not occur until conditions became near-anoxic. Blood pH was not affected by severe hypoxia (2.1 kPa O2), but a significant acidosis occurred during LOE, accompanied by a significant elevation in lactate and glucose levels. The results from the present study indicate that Nile tilapia do not switch to anaerobic metabolism during hypoxia until pO2 falls below 2.1 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hansen Bergstedt
- DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark.
| | - Tilo Pfalzgraff
- DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Peter Vilhelm Skov
- DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
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5
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb.228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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6
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.228098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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7
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Ackerly KL, Krahe R, Sanford CP, Chapman LJ. Effects of hypoxia on swimming and sensing in a weakly electric fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/14/jeb172130. [PMID: 30018158 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.172130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Low dissolved oxygen (hypoxia) can severely limit fish performance, especially aerobically expensive behaviours including swimming and acquisition of sensory information. Fishes can reduce oxygen requirements by altering these behaviours under hypoxia, but the underlying mechanisms can be difficult to quantify. We used a weakly electric fish as a model system to explore potential effects of hypoxia on swim performance and sensory information acquisition, which enabled us to non-invasively record electric signalling activity used for active acquisition of sensory information during swimming. To quantify potential effects of hypoxia, we measured critical swim speed (Ucrit) and concurrent electric signalling activity under high- and low-dissolved oxygen concentrations in a hypoxia-tolerant African mormyrid fish, Marcusenius victoriae Fish were maintained under normoxia for 6 months prior to experimental treatments, and then acclimated for 8 weeks to normoxia or hypoxia and tested under both conditions (acute: 4 h exposure). Acute hypoxia exposure resulted in a significant reduction in both Ucrit and electric signalling activity in fish not acclimated to hypoxia. However, individuals acclimated to chronic hypoxia were characterized by a higher Ucrit under both hypoxia and normoxia than fish acclimated to normoxia. Following a 6 month re-introduction to normoxia, hypoxia-acclimated individuals still showed increased performance under acute hypoxic test conditions, but not under normoxia. Our results highlight the detrimental effects of hypoxia on aerobic swim performance and sensory information acquisition, and the ability of fish to heighten aerobic performance through acclimation processes that can still influence performance even months after initial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rüdiger Krahe
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Christopher P Sanford
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Lauren J Chapman
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
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8
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Yang Y, Liu W, Li D, Qian L, Fu B, Wang C. Altered glycometabolism in zebrafish exposed to thifluzamide. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:89-96. [PMID: 28535465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thifluzamide exerts toxic effects to zebrafish and causes liver mitochondrial damage. To better understand the further mechanism, adult zebrafish were exposed to a range of thifluzamide concentrations (0, 0.019, 0.19, and 1.90 mg/L) for 28 days. In response to 1.90 mg/L exposure, liver glycogen significantly increased and blood glucose decreased. The expression of genes related to glycometabolism showed corresponding changes. Genes related to mtDNA replication and transcription and genes participating in mitochondrial complexes showed altered expression, which might lead to the inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Additionally, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was markedly increased at 1.90 mg/L, which might result in the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway. Moreover, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly reduced at 1.90 mg/L, which might indicate that anaerobic glycolysis was inhibited. This study suggests that the altered gene expression and enzyme activities might be responsible for changes in glycometabolism, as evidenced by the altered expression of glycometabolism-related genes, the increased amount of glycogen in the liver and the decreased blood glucose levels. Overall, thifluzamide caused dysfunctional glycometabolism and led to events that might contribute to various thifluzamide-induced abnormalities in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- College of Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Chen N, Wu M, Tang GP, Wang HJ, Huang CX, Wu XJ, He Y, Zhang B, Huang CH, Liu H, Wang WM, Wang HL. Effects of Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation on Physiological and Immune Responses and Redox Balance of Wuchang Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala Yih, 1955). Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28642716 PMCID: PMC5462904 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To study Megalobrama amblycephala adaption to water hypoxia, the changes in physiological levels, innate immune responses, redox balance of M.amblycephala during hypoxia were investigated in the present study. When M. amblycephala were exposed to different dissolved oxygen (DO) including control (DO: 5.5 mg/L) and acute hypoxia (DO: 3.5 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively), hemoglobin (Hb), methemoglobin (MetHb), glucose, Na+, succinatedehydrogenase (SDH), lactate, interferon alpha (IFNα), and lysozyme (LYZ), except hepatic glycogen and albumin gradually increased with the decrease of DO level. When M. amblycephala were exposed to different hypoxia time including 0.5 and 6 h (DO: 3.5 mg/L), and then reoxygenation for 24 h after 6 h hypoxia, Hb, MetHb, glucose, lactate, and IFNα, except Na+, SDH, hepatic glycogen, albumin, and LYZ increased with the extension of hypoxia time, while the above investigated indexes (except albumin, IFNα, and LYZ) decreased after reoxygenation. On the other hand, the liver SOD, CAT, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total ROS were all remained at lower levels under hypoxia stress. Finally, Hif-1α protein in the liver, spleen, and gill were increased with the decrease of oxygen concentration and prolongation of hypoxia time. Interestingly, one Hsp70 isoforms mediated by internal ribozyme entry site (IRES) named junior Hsp70 was only detected in liver, spleen and gill. Taken together, these results suggest that hypoxia affects M. amblycephala physiology and reduces liver oxidative stress. Hypoxia-reoxygenation stimulates M. amblycephala immune parameter expressions, while Hsp70 response to hypoxia is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Guo-Pan Tang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and EconomyZhengzhou, China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Huang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Xin-Jie Wu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Cui-Hong Huang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Huan-Ling Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
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10
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Zhu Z, Song B, Lin X, Xu Z. Effect of sustained training on glycolysis and fatty acids oxidation in swimming muscles and liver in juvenile tinfoil barb Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker, 1854). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1807-1817. [PMID: 27387319 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the effect of sustained exercise on glycolysis and fatty acids oxidation in the swimming muscles and liver in juvenile tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). The subjects were divided into one control group (water current speed of 0.0 bl s-1, body length per second) and two training groups (1.0 and 2.0 bl s-1), respectively. Results showed that the glycolysis was stimulated by high-speed training in the white muscle, accompanied by significantly increased activities of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and reduction in glycogen contents in training groups (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the extreme fatty acids oxidation was observed in the red muscle in high-speed training group, showed significant reduction in crude lipid content with a significant increase in the activities of hormone-sensitive lipase, β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and cytochrome C oxidase in 2.0 bl s-1 group (P < 0.05). In addition, the saturated fatty acids in the red muscle and monounsaturated fatty acids in the white muscle were used preferentially during sustained training, respectively. Furthermore, the glycogen content within the liver was also significantly reduced with increasing training intensities (P < 0.05). These results suggested that glycogen and fatty acids were all used as a fuel to support sustained swimming in two functional muscles in B. schwanenfeldii, but higher glycolysis and fatty acids oxidation were seen in white and red muscles during high-speed swimming, respectively. Furthermore, the hepatic glycogen played an important role in the supply of energy in sustained training periods in B. schwanenfeldii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolan Song
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Department of Fishery Sciences, Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, 066003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotao Lin
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongneng Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
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Wang JW, Cao ZD, Fu SJ. A comparison of constant acceleration swimming speeds when acceleration rates are different with critical swimming speeds in Chinese bream under two oxygen tensions. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1453-1461. [PMID: 27147426 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of acceleration rates on the constant acceleration test speed (U cat) and to compare U cat with the critical swimming speed (U crit) in Chinese bream (Parabramis pekinensis), the U cat test at acceleration rates of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 cm s(-2) and the U crit test in juvenile fish at 20 °C in either normoxia (>90 % saturation oxygen tension) or hypoxia (30 % saturation) were compared. The lactate concentration ([lactate]) of white muscle, liver and plasma and the glycogen concentration ([glycogen]) of white muscle and liver were also measured to identify whether tissue substrate depletion or tissue lactate accumulation correlated with exhaustion. The U cat decreased with the acceleration rate, and there was no significant difference between U crit and U cat at lower acceleration rates. Hypoxia resulted in lower U cat and U crit, and the difference increased with decreased acceleration rates of the U cat test, possibly due to the increased contribution of aerobic components in U crit or U cat at low acceleration rates. Hypoxia elicited a significant decrease in muscle [glycogen] and an increase in muscle and liver [lactate] in resting fish. All post-exercise fish had similar muscle [lactate], suggesting that tissue lactate accumulation may correlate with exercise exhaustion. Unlike hypoxia, exercise induced an increase in muscle [lactate] and a significant increase in plasma [lactate], which were worthy of further investigation. The similar swimming speed and biochemical indicators after exercise in the U crit and U cat groups at low acceleration rates suggested that U cat can be an alternative for the more frequently adopted protocols in U crit in Chinese bream and possibly in other cyprinid fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Cao
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shi-Jian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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12
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Guh YJ, Yang CY, Liu ST, Huang CJ, Hwang PP. Oestrogen-related receptor α is required for transepithelial H+ secretion in zebrafish. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152582. [PMID: 26911965 PMCID: PMC4810828 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor which is important for adaptive metabolic responses under conditions of increased energy demand, such as cold, exercise and fasting. Importantly, metabolism under these conditions is usually accompanied by elevated production of organic acids, which may threaten the body acid-base status. Although ERRα is known to help regulate ion transport by the renal epithelia, its role in the transport of acid-base equivalents remains unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ERRα is involved in acid-base regulation mechanisms by using zebrafish as the model to examine the effects of ERRα on transepithelial H(+) secretion. ERRα is abundantly expressed in H(+)-pump-rich cells (HR cells), a group of ionocytes responsible for H(+) secretion in the skin of developing embryos, and its expression is stimulated by acidic (pH 4) environments. Knockdown of ERRα impairs both basal and low pH-induced H(+) secretion in the yolk-sac skin, which is accompanied by decreased expression of H(+)-secreting-related transporters. The effect of ERRα on H(+) secretion is achieved through regulating both the total number of HR cells and the function of individual HR cells. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that ERRα is required for transepithelial H(+) secretion for systemic acid-base homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jey Guh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yew Yang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sian-Tai Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Jen Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
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13
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Sun S, Niu H, Yang T, Lin Q, Luo F, Ma M. Antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities of egg white peptides prepared by pepsin digestion. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:3195-3200. [PMID: 24652764 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some hydrolyzed peptides derived from food proteins possess antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities. In this study, egg white protein powder (EWPP) was hydrolyzed with pepsin for various times, and four peptide fractions were separated from the hydrolysates by ultrafiltration. The antioxidant activity of the four peptide fractions was determined. The peptide fraction with the strongest antioxidant activity was used to evaluate its anti-fatigue effect and probable mechanisms. RESULTS The egg white peptides (EWPs) fraction with molecular weight 2-5 kDa (named EWPs2) showed stronger antioxidant activity than the other peptide fractions (P < 0.05). The swimming time to exhaustion of mice administered EWPs2 was longer (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. EWPs2 increased the levels of blood glucose (by 28.4-42.2%), muscle glycogen (by 6.4-10.6%) and liver glycogen (by 10.7-23.8%) and significantly decreased the levels of lactic acid in muscle and urea nitrogen in blood (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Among the four peptide fractions, EWPs2 possessed the strongest antioxidant activity and exhibited an anti-fatigue effect. The experimental data could clarify partially the anti-fatigue mechanisms of EWPs and provide an important basis for developing EWPs as safe and natural antioxidants and anti-fatigue agents for wide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct Process, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Center South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; National R&D Center for Egg Processing, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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14
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Dube PN, Alavandi S, Hosetti BB. Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide on the carbohydrate metabolism of the Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Tattersall GJ, Currie S, LeBlanc DM. Pulmonary and cutaneous O₂gas exchange: a student laboratory exercise in the frog. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2013; 37:97-105. [PMID: 23471257 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00087.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gas exchange in animals is ultimately diffusion based, generally occurring across dedicated respiratory organs. In many aquatic amphibians, however, multiple modes of gas exchange exist, allowing for the partitioning of O2 uptake and CO2 excretion between respiratory organs with different efficiencies. For example, due to the physical properties of O2 being vastly different between air and water phases, the lung and skin play disproportionately important roles in O2 uptake. Many aquatic frogs are renowned for their cutaneous gas exchange capacity, where often the majority of CO2 is excreted across the skin. Furthermore, the roles of these gas exchange organs change with the animal's behavior. Under diving conditions, most of the frog's gas exchange needs must be met by the skin. In this article, we describe an interactive undergraduate laboratory that allows a class of students to share equipment while assessing pulmonary and cutaneous respiration in frogs provided with an air/water choice and under enforced dive conditions. Concepts explored in this laboratory exercise include animal energetics, diving reflex, pulmonary and cutaneous gas exchange processes, diffusion-based gas flux, and O2 debt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Tattersall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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Chamberland V, Rioux P. Not only students can express alcohol dehydrogenase: goldfish can too! ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2010; 34:222-227. [PMID: 21098391 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00088.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a novel approach to study the metabolic regulation of the respiratory system in vertebrates that suits physiology lessons for undergraduate students. It consists of an experimental demonstration of the goldfish's (Carassius auratus) adaptations to anoxia. The goldfish is one of the few vertebrates showing strong enzymatic plasticity for the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which allows it to survive long periods of severe anoxia. Therefore, we propose two simple laboratory exercises in which students are first asked to characterize the distribution of ADH isozymes in the goldfish by performing cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The second part of this laboratory lesson is the determination of liver glycogen. To further student comprehension, an interspecies comparative component is integrated, in which the same subjects are studied in an anoxia-sensitive species, the brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). ADH in goldfish is restricted to skeletal muscles, where it catalyzes alcoholic fermentation, permitting ethanol excretion through the gills and therefore preventing lactate acidosis caused by sustained glycolysis during anoxia. Electrophoresis also reveals the occurrence of a liver isozyme in the brook charr, which ADH catalyzes in the opposite pathway, allowing the usual ethanol degradation. As for the liver glycogen assay, it shows largely superior content in the goldfish liver compared with the brook charr, providing goldfish with a sustained energy supply during anoxia. The results of this laboratory exercise clearly demonstrate several physiological strategies developed by goldfish to cope with such a crucial environmental challenge as oxygen depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Chamberland
- Département de Biologie, de Chimie et de Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada.
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