1
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Hassan A, Al-Salmi FA, Abuamara TMM, Matar ER, Amer ME, Fayed EMM, Hablas MGA, Mohammed TS, Ali HE, Abd EL-fattah FM, Abd Elhay WM, Zoair MA, Mohamed AF, Sharaf EM, Dessoky ES, Alharthi F, Althagafi HAE, Abd El Maksoud AI. Ultrastructural analysis of zinc oxide nanospheres enhances anti-tumor efficacy against Hepatoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933750. [PMID: 36457501 PMCID: PMC9706544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanomaterial is a potential material in the field of cancer therapy. In this study, zinc oxide nanospheres (ZnO-NS) were synthesized by Sol-gel method using yeast extract as a non-toxic bio-template and investigated their physicochemical properties through various techniques such as FTIR, XR, DLS, and TEM. Furthermore, free zinc ions released from the zinc oxide nanosphere suspended medium were evaluated by using the ICP-AS technique. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanospheres and released Zn ions on both HuH7 and Vero cells was studied using the MTT assay. The data demonstrated that the effectiveness of ZnO nanospheres on HuH7 was better than free Zn ions. Similarly, ZnO-Ns were significantly more toxic to HuH7 cell lines than Vero cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The cell cycle of ZnO-Ns against Huh7 and Vero cell lines was arrested at G2/M. Also, the apoptosis assay using Annexin-V/PI showed that apoptosis of HuH7 and Vero cell lines by ZnO nanospheres was concentration and time-dependent. Caspase 3 assay results showed that the apoptosis mechanism may be intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The mechanism of apoptosis was determined by applying the RT-PCR technique. The results revealed significantly up-regulated Bax, P53, and Cytochrome C, while the Bcl2 results displayed significant down-regulation and the western blot data confirmed the RT-PCR data. There is oxidative stress of the ZnO nanospheres and free Zn+2 ions. Results indicated that the ZnO nanospheres and free Zn+2 ions induced oxidative stress through increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. The morphology of the HuH7 cell line after exposure to ZnO nanospheres at different time intervals revealed the presence of the chromatin condensation of the nuclear periphery fragmentation. Interestingly, the appearance of canonical ultrastructure features of apoptotic morphology of Huh7, Furthermore, many vacuoles existed in the cytoplasm, the majority of which were lipid droplets, which were like foamy cells. Also, there are vesicles intact with membranes that are recognized as swollen mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hassan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Fawziah A. Al-Salmi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Emadeldin R. Matar
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Amer
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim M. M. Fayed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Tahseen S. Mohammed
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haytham E. Ali
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fayez M. Abd EL-fattah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagih M. Abd Elhay
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. Zoair
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly F. Mohamed
- Research and development department, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines [Holding Company for Vaccine and Sera Production (VACSERA)], Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Sharaf
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Fahad Alharthi
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
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2
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Ren Z, Chen S, Ning B, Guo L. Use of Liver-Derived Cell Lines for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7677-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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Zeidler JD, Fernandes-Siqueira LO, Carvalho AS, Cararo-Lopes E, Dias MH, Ketzer LA, Galina A, Da Poian AT. Short-term starvation is a strategy to unravel the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific exogenous/endogenous substrates in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14176-14187. [PMID: 28663370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidation of nutrients is tightly regulated in response to the cellular environment and changes in energy demands. In vitro studies evaluating the mitochondrial capacity of oxidizing different substrates are important for understanding metabolic shifts in physiological adaptations and pathological conditions, but may be influenced by the nutrients present in the culture medium or by the utilization of endogenous stores. One such influence is exemplified by the Crabtree effect (the glucose-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial respiration) as most in vitro experiments are performed in glucose-containing media. Here, using high-resolution respirometry, we evaluated the oxidation of endogenous or exogenous substrates by cell lines harboring different metabolic profiles. We found that a 1-h deprivation of the main energetic nutrients is an appropriate strategy to abolish interference of endogenous or undesirable exogenous substrates with the cellular capacity of oxidizing specific substrates, namely glutamine, pyruvate, glucose, or palmitate, in mitochondria. This approach primed mitochondria to immediately increase their oxygen consumption after the addition of the exogenous nutrients. All starved cells could oxidize exogenous glutamine, whereas the capacity for oxidizing palmitate was limited to human hepatocarcinoma Huh7 cells and to C2C12 mouse myoblasts that differentiated into myotubes. In the presence of exogenous glucose, starvation decreased the Crabtree effect in Huh7 and C2C12 cells and abrogated it in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells. Interestingly, the fact that the Crabtree effect was observed only for mitochondrial basal respiration but not for the maximum respiratory capacity suggests it is not caused by a direct effect on the electron transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D Zeidler
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
| | - Lorena O Fernandes-Siqueira
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana S Carvalho
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Dias
- Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Luisa A Ketzer
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Pólo de Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- From the Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil,.
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4
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Gómez-Lechón MJ, Tolosa L, Donato MT. Upgrading HepG2 cells with adenoviral vectors that encode drug-metabolizing enzymes: application for drug hepatotoxicity testing. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 13:137-148. [PMID: 27671376 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1238459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug attrition rates due to hepatotoxicity are an important safety issue considered in drug development. The HepG2 hepatoma cell line is currently being used for drug-induced hepatotoxicity evaluations, but its expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is poor compared with hepatocytes. Different approaches have been proposed to upgrade HepG2 cells for more reliable drug-induced liver injury predictions. Areas covered: We describe the advantages and limitations of HepG2 cells transduced with adenoviral vectors that encode drug-metabolizing enzymes for safety risk assessments of bioactivable compounds. Adenoviral transduction facilitates efficient and controlled delivery of multiple drug-metabolizing activities to HepG2 cells at comparable levels to primary human hepatocytes by generating an 'artificial hepatocyte'. Furthermore, adenoviral transduction enables the design of tailored cells expressing particular metabolic capacities. Expert opinion: Upgraded HepG2 cells that recreate known inter-individual variations in hepatic CYP and conjugating activities due to both genetic (e.g., polymorphisms) or environmental (e.g., induction, inhibition) factors seems a suitable model to identify bioactivable drug and conduct hepatotoxicity risk assessments. This strategy should enable the generation of customized cells by reproducing human pheno- and genotypic CYP variability to represent a valuable human hepatic cell model to develop new safer drugs and to improve existing predictive toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Gómez-Lechón
- a Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Valencia , Spain.,b CIBEREHD, FIS , Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- a Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Valencia , Spain
| | - M Teresa Donato
- a Unidad de Hepatología Experimental , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe) , Valencia , Spain.,b CIBEREHD, FIS , Spain.,c Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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5
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Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5/6 complex as a host restriction factor. Nature 2016; 531:386-9. [PMID: 26983541 DOI: 10.1038/nature17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus encodes the regulatory HBx protein whose primary role is to promote transcription of the viral genome, which persists as an extrachromosomal DNA circle in infected cells. HBx accomplishes this task by an unusual mechanism, enhancing transcription only from extrachromosomal DNA templates. Here we show that HBx achieves this by hijacking the cellular DDB1-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase to target the 'structural maintenance of chromosomes' (Smc) complex Smc5/6 for degradation. Blocking this event inhibits the stimulatory effect of HBx both on extrachromosomal reporter genes and on hepatitis B virus transcription. Conversely, silencing the Smc5/6 complex enhances extrachromosomal reporter gene transcription in the absence of HBx, restores replication of an HBx-deficient hepatitis B virus, and rescues wild-type hepatitis B virus in a DDB1-knockdown background. The Smc5/6 complex associates with extrachromosomal reporters and the hepatitis B virus genome, suggesting a direct mechanism of transcriptional inhibition. These results uncover a novel role for the Smc5/6 complex as a restriction factor selectively blocking extrachromosomal DNA transcription. By destroying this complex, HBx relieves the inhibition to allow productive hepatitis B virus gene expression.
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6
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Yu Y, Wang X, Nyberg SL. Potential and Challenges of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Liver Diseases Treatment. J Clin Med 2014; 3:997-1017. [PMID: 26237490 PMCID: PMC4449640 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3030997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tens of millions of patients are affected by liver disease worldwide. Many of these patients can benefit from cell therapy involving living metabolically active cells, either by treatment of their liver disease, or by prevention of their disease phenotype. Cell therapies, including hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial liver (BAL) devices, have been proposed as therapeutic alternatives to the shortage of transplantable livers. Both BAL and hepatocyte transplantation are cellular therapies that avoid use of a whole liver. Hepatocytes are also widely used in drug screening and liver disease modelling. However, the demand for human hepatocytes, heavily outweighs their availability by conventional means. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology brings together the potential benefits of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) (i.e., self-renewal, pluripotency) and addresses the major ethical and scientific concerns of ESCs: embryo destruction and immune-incompatibility. It has been shown that hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) can be generated from iPSCs. Furthermore, human iPSCs (hiPSCs) can provide an unlimited source of human hepatocytes and hold great promise for applications in regenerative medicine, drug screening and liver diseases modelling. Despite steady progress, there are still several major obstacles that need to be overcome before iPSCs will reach the bedside. This review will focus on the current state of efforts to derive hiPSCs for potential use in modelling and treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
| | - Scott L Nyberg
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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7
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Kia R, Sison RLC, Heslop J, Kitteringham NR, Hanley N, Mills JS, Park BK, Goldring CEP. Stem cell-derived hepatocytes as a predictive model for drug-induced liver injury: are we there yet? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 75:885-96. [PMID: 22703588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the different types of adverse drug reactions, drug-induced liver injury is the most prominent cause of patient morbidity and mortality. However, the current available hepatic model systems developed for evaluating safety have limited utility and relevance as they do not fully recapitulate a fully functional hepatocyte, and do not sufficiently represent the genetic polymorphisms present in the population. The rapidly advancing research in stem cells raises the possibility of using human pluripotent stem cells in bridging this gap. The generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells via reprogramming of mature human somatic cells may also allow for disease modelling in vitro for the purposes of assessing drug safety and toxicology. This would also allow for better understanding of disease processes and thus facilitate in the potential identification of novel therapeutic targets. This review will focus on the current state of effort to derive hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells for potential use in hepatotoxicity evaluation and aims to provide an insight as to where the future of the field may lie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kia
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Liverpool, UK
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8
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Godoy P, Hewitt NJ, Albrecht U, Andersen ME, Ansari N, Bhattacharya S, Bode JG, Bolleyn J, Borner C, Böttger J, Braeuning A, Budinsky RA, Burkhardt B, Cameron NR, Camussi G, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Craig Rowlands J, Dahmen U, Damm G, Dirsch O, Donato MT, Dong J, Dooley S, Drasdo D, Eakins R, Ferreira KS, Fonsato V, Fraczek J, Gebhardt R, Gibson A, Glanemann M, Goldring CEP, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Groothuis GMM, Gustavsson L, Guyot C, Hallifax D, Hammad S, Hayward A, Häussinger D, Hellerbrand C, Hewitt P, Hoehme S, Holzhütter HG, Houston JB, Hrach J, Ito K, Jaeschke H, Keitel V, Kelm JM, Kevin Park B, Kordes C, Kullak-Ublick GA, LeCluyse EL, Lu P, Luebke-Wheeler J, Lutz A, Maltman DJ, Matz-Soja M, McMullen P, Merfort I, Messner S, Meyer C, Mwinyi J, Naisbitt DJ, Nussler AK, Olinga P, Pampaloni F, Pi J, Pluta L, Przyborski SA, Ramachandran A, Rogiers V, Rowe C, Schelcher C, Schmich K, Schwarz M, Singh B, Stelzer EHK, Stieger B, Stöber R, Sugiyama Y, Tetta C, Thasler WE, Vanhaecke T, Vinken M, Weiss TS, Widera A, Woods CG, Xu JJ, Yarborough KM, Hengstler JG. Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1315-530. [PMID: 23974980 PMCID: PMC3753504 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1051] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Nariman Ansari
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Johannes Georg Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Bolleyn
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Böttger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert A. Budinsky
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Britta Burkhardt
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Neil R. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - J. Craig Rowlands
- Toxicology and Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI USA
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - María Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jian Dong
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- INRIA (French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control), Domaine de Voluceau-Rocquencourt, B.P. 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, France
- UPMC University of Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7598, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, 4, pl. Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Rowena Eakins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karine Sá Ferreira
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- GRK 1104 From Cells to Organs, Molecular Mechanisms of Organogenesis, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Fraczek
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew Gibson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chris E. P. Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - María José Gómez-Lechón
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, IIS Hospital La Fe Avda Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geny M. M. Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacokinetics Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (Malmö), Center for Molecular Pathology, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 59, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christelle Guyot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hallifax
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Veterinary Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Adam Hayward
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institut für Biochemie Abteilung Mathematische Systembiochemie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | | | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Verena Keitel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - B. Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claus Kordes
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edward L. LeCluyse
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Peng Lu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | - Anna Lutz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Maltman
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick McMullen
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dean J. Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jingbo Pi
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Stefan A. Przyborski
- Reinnervate Limited, NETPark Incubator, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21 3FD UK
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH13LE UK
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Celine Schelcher
- Department of Surgery, Liver Regeneration, Core Facility, Human in Vitro Models of the Liver, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Korea
| | - Ernst H. K. Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Stöber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama Biopharmaceutical R&D Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ciro Tetta
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agata Widera
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Woods
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | | | | | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IFADO), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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van Breugel PC, Robert EI, Mueller H, Decorsière A, Zoulim F, Hantz O, Strubin M. Hepatitis B virus X protein stimulates gene expression selectively from extrachromosomal DNA templates. Hepatology 2012; 56:2116-24. [PMID: 22744635 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for liver cancer development. HBV encodes the hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein that promotes transcription of the viral episomal DNA genome by the host cell RNA polymerase II. Here we provide evidence that HBx accomplishes this task by a conserved and unusual mechanism. Thus, HBx strongly stimulates expression of transiently transfected reporter constructs, regardless of the enhancer and promoter sequences. This activity invariably requires HBx binding to the cellular UV-damaged DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, suggesting a common mechanism. Unexpectedly, none of the reporters tested is stimulated by HBx when integrated into the chromosome, despite remaining responsive to their cognate activators. Likewise, HBx promotes gene expression from the natural HBV episomal template but not from a chromosomally integrated HBV construct. The same was observed with the HBx protein of woodchuck HBV. HBx does not affect nuclear plasmid copy number and functions independently of CpG dinucleotide methylation. CONCLUSION We propose that HBx supports HBV gene expression by a conserved mechanism that acts specifically on episomal DNA templates independently of the nature of the cis-regulatory sequences. Because of its uncommon property and key role in viral transcription, HBx represents an attractive target for new antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter C van Breugel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre (C.M.U.), Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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11
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Jia X, Yin L, Feng Y, Peng X, Ma F, Yao Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yuan Z, Zhang L. A dynamic plasma membrane proteome analysis of alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis. Proteome Sci 2012; 10:39. [PMID: 22682408 PMCID: PMC3558348 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced injury has become one of the major causes for liver cirrhosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced injury are not fully understood. To this end, we performed a dynamic plasma membrane proteomic research on rat model. A rat model from hepatitis to liver cirrhosis was developed. Plasma membrane from liver tissue with liver fibrosis stage of 2 and 4 (S2 and S4) was purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Its purification was verified by western blotting. Proteins from plasma membrane were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and differentially expressed proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. 16 consistent differentially expressed proteins from S2 to S4 were identified by mass spectrometry. The expression of differentially expressed proteins annexin A6 and annexin A3 were verified by western blotting, and annexin A3 was futher verified by immunohistochemistry. Our research suggests a possible mechanism by which ethanol alters protein expression to enhance the liver fibrosis progression. These differentially expressed proteins might be new drug targets for treating alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Jia
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yamin Yao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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12
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Sison-Young RLC, Kia R, Heslop J, Kelly L, Rowe C, Cross MJ, Kitteringham NR, Hanley N, Park BK, Goldring CEP. Human pluripotent stem cells for modeling toxicity. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2012; 63:207-256. [PMID: 22776643 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398339-8.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of xenobiotics, driven by the demand for therapeutic, domestic and industrial uses continues to grow. However, along with this increasing demand is the risk of xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Currently, safety screening of xenobiotics uses a plethora of animal and in vitro model systems which have over the decades proven useful during compound development and for application in mechanistic studies of xenobiotic-induced toxicity. However, these assessments have proven to be animal-intensive and costly. More importantly, the prevalence of xenobiotic-induced toxicity is still significantly high, causing patient morbidity and mortality, and a costly impediment during drug development. This suggests that the current models for drug safety screening are not reliable in toxicity prediction, and the results not easily translatable to the clinic due to insensitive assays that do not recapitulate fully the complex phenotype of a functional cell type in vivo. Recent advances in the field of stem cell research have potentially allowed for a readily available source of metabolically competent cells for toxicity studies, derived using human pluripotent stem cells harnessed from embryos or reprogrammed from mature somatic cells. Pluripotent stem cell-derived cell types also allow for potential disease modeling in vitro for the purposes of drug toxicology and safety pharmacology, making this model possibly more predictive of drug toxicity compared with existing models. This article will review the advances and challenges of using human pluripotent stem cells for modeling metabolism and toxicity, and offer some perspectives as to where its future may lie.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L C Sison-Young
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Tonack S, Patel S, Jalali M, Nedjadi T, Jenkins RE, Goldring C, Neoptolemos J, Costello E. Tetracycline-inducible protein expression in pancreatic cancer cells: Effects of CapG overexpression. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1947-60. [PMID: 21528072 PMCID: PMC3082747 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i15.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To establish stable tetracycline-inducible pancreatic cancer cell lines.
METHODS: Suit-2, MiaPaca-2, and Panc-1 cells were transfected with a second generation reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator protein (rtTA2S-M2), under the control of either a cytomegalovirus (CMV) or a chicken β-actin promoter, and the resulting clones were characterised.
RESULTS: Use of the chicken (β-actin) promoter proved superior for both the production and maintenance of doxycycline-inducible cell lines. The system proved versatile, enabling transient inducible expression of a variety of genes, including GST-P, CYP2E1, S100A6, and the actin capping protein, CapG. To determine the physiological utility of this system in pancreatic cancer cells, stable inducible CapG expressors were established. Overexpressed CapG was localised to the cytoplasm and the nuclear membrane, but was not observed in the nucleus. High CapG levels were associated with enhanced motility, but not with changes to the cell cycle, or cellular proliferation. In CapG-overexpressing cells, the levels and phosphorylation status of other actin-moduating proteins (Cofilin and Ezrin/Radixin) were not altered. However, preliminary analyses suggest that the levels of other cellular proteins, such as ornithine aminotransferase and enolase, are altered upon CapG induction.
CONCLUSION: We have generated pancreatic-cancer derived cell lines in which gene expression is fully controllable.
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14
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Zhang L, Jia X, Feng Y, Peng X, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Ma F, Liu X, Zheng Y, Yang P, Yuan Z. Plasma membrane proteome analysis of the early effect of alcohol on liver: implications for alcoholic liver disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:19-29. [PMID: 21134885 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the over-consumption of alcohol can lead to serious liver disease. To examine the early effects of alcohol on liver disease, rats were given sufficient ethanol to develop liver cirrhosis. Rats before the onset of fibrosis were studied in this work. Plasma membranes (PM) of liver were extracted by twice sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The proteome profiles of PM from ethanol-treated rats and the controls were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. Ethanol treatment altered the amount of 15 different liver proteins: 10 of them were detected by 2-DE and 5 by iTRAQ. Keratin 8 was detected by both methods. Gene ontology analysis of these differentially detected proteins indicated that most of them were involved in important cell functions such as binding activity (including ion, DNA, ATP binding, etc.), cell structure, or enzyme activity. Among these, annexin A2, keratin 8, and keratin 18 were further verified using western blot analysis and annexin A2 was verified by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggested that alcohol has the potential to affect cell structure, adhesion and enzyme activity by altering expression levels of several relevant proteins in the PM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to study the effect of alcohol on the liver PM proteome and it might be helpful for understanding the possible mechanisms of alcohol-induced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Baxter MA, Rowe C, Alder J, Harrison S, Hanley KP, Park BK, Kitteringham NR, Goldring CE, Hanley NA. Generating hepatic cell lineages from pluripotent stem cells for drug toxicity screening. Stem Cell Res 2010; 5:4-22. [PMID: 20483202 PMCID: PMC3556810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is an enormous and increasing problem for the pharmaceutical industry. Early detection of problems during the drug discovery pathway is advantageous to minimize costs and improve patient safety. However, current cellular models are sub-optimal. This review addresses the potential use of pluripotent stem cells in the generation of hepatic cell lineages. It begins by highlighting the scale of the problem faced by the pharmaceutical industry, the precise nature of drug-induced liver injury and where in the drug discovery pathway the need for additional cell models arises. Current research is discussed, mainly for generating hepatocyte-like cells rather than other liver cell-types. In addition, an effort is made to identify where some of the major barriers remain in translating what is currently hypothesis-driven laboratory research into meaningful platform technologies for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Baxter
- Endocrinology & Diabetes, School of Biomedicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Endocrinology & Diabetes, School of Biomedicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jane Alder
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Sean Harrison
- Endocrinology & Diabetes, School of Biomedicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Endocrinology & Diabetes, School of Biomedicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - B. Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Neil R. Kitteringham
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chris E. Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Neil A. Hanley
- Endocrinology & Diabetes, School of Biomedicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Choi S, Sainz B, Corcoran P, Uprichard S, Jeong H. Characterization of increased drug metabolism activity in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated Huh7 hepatoma cells. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:205-17. [PMID: 19280519 DOI: 10.1080/00498250802613620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize Huh7 cells' baseline capacity to metabolize drugs and to investigate whether the drug metabolism was enhanced upon treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of major Phase I and Phase II enzymes were determined by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and activities of major drug-metabolizing enzymes were examined using probe drugs by analysing relevant metabolite production rates. The expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in control Huh7 cells were generally very low, but DMSO treatment dramatically increased the mRNA levels of most drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as other liver-specific proteins. Importantly, functionality assays confirmed concomitant increases in drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Additionally, treatment of the Huh7 cells with 3-methylcholanthrene induced cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 expression. The results indicate that DMSO treatment of Huh7 cells profoundly enhances their differentiation state, thus improving the usefulness of this common cell line as an in vitro hepatocyte model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choi
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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17
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Reboredo M, Kramer MG, Smerdou C, Prieto J, Rivas JDL. Transcriptomic Effects of Tet-On and Mifepristone-Inducible Systems in Mouse Liver. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:1233-47. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Reboredo
- Division of Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and University Clinic-University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Gabriela Kramer
- Division of Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and University Clinic-University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Immunology Program, East Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Cristian Smerdou
- Division of Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and University Clinic-University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Division of Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and University Clinic-University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University Clinic, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Research Group, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CIC), CSIC and University of Salamanca (CSIC/USAL), E37007 Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Li X, Cao J, Jin Q, Xie C, He Q, Cao R, Xiong J, Chen P, Wang X, Liang S. A proteomic study reveals the diversified distribution of plasma membrane-associated proteins in rat hepatocytes. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:965-84. [PMID: 18247341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the heterogeneous protein composition of highly polarized hepatocyte plasma membrane (PM), three PM-associated subfractions were obtained from freshly isolated rat hepatocytes using density gradient centrifugation. The origins of the three subfractions were determined by morphological analysis and western blotting. The proteins were subjected to either one-dimensional (1-D) SDS-PAGE or two-dimensional (2-D) benzyldimethyl-n-hexadecylammonium chloride (BAC)/SDS-PAGE before nano-Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization--tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-ESI-MS/MS). A total of 613 non-redundant proteins were identified, among which 371 (60.5%) proteins were classified as PM or membrane-associated proteins according to GO annotations and the literatures and 32.4% had transmembrane domains. PM proteins from microsomal portion possessed the highest percentage of transmembrane domain, about 46.5% of them containing at least one transmembrane domain. In addition to proteins known to be located at polarized liver PM regions, such as asialoglycoprotein receptor 2, desmoplakin and bile salt export pump, several proteins which had the potential to become novel subfraction-specific proteins were also identified, such as annexin a6, pannexin and radixin. Our analysis also evaluated the application of 1-D SDS-PAGE and 2-D 16-BAC/SDS-PAGE on the separation of integral membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Education Committee, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
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19
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REBOREDO MERCEDES, Kramer MG, Smerdou C, Prieto J, De Las Rivas J. TRANSCRIPTOMIC EFFECTS OF TET-ON AND MIFEPRISTONE INDUCIBLE SYSTEMS IN MOUSE LIVER. Hum Gene Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/hgt.2008.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Gómez-Lechón MJ, Castell JV, Donato MT. An update on metabolism studies using human hepatocytes in primary culture. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 4:837-54. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.4.7.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Jenkins RE, Kitteringham NR, Goldring CEP, Dowdall SMJ, Hamlett J, Lane CS, Boerma JS, Vermeulen NPE, Park BK. Glutathione-S-transferase pi as a model protein for the characterisation of chemically reactive metabolites. Proteomics 2008; 8:301-15. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Kitteringham NR, Palmer L, Owen A, Lian LY, Jenkins R, Dowdall S, Gilmore I, Park BK, Goldring CE. Detection and biochemical characterisation of a novel polymorphism in the human GSTP1 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1240-7. [PMID: 17560037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione transferases (GSTs) mediate the detoxification of a broad spectrum of electrophilic chemicals. We report here the identification and characterisation of a novel naturally occurring transition that changes codon 169 from GGC (Gly) to GAC (Asp) in the human Pi class GST, GSTP1. Expression of the variant in human HepG2 cells led to a small increase in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) conjugation compared to the wild-type protein. Asp(169) GSTP1-1 expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli displayed a small but significant increase in specific activity towards CDNB compared to Gly(169) GSTP1-1. The catalytic efficiency with CDNB was higher for Asp(169) GSTP1-1 compared to the wild-type enzyme, although the kinetic constants of the mutant and the wild-type enzyme towards glutathione were not different. Modelling indicated that the mutation does not appear to change protein conformation. The distribution of the genotypes in a normal healthy population (217 individuals) was 94.3% for the Gly/Gly genotype and 5.7% for the Gly/Asp genotype; no Asp/Asp genotypes were detected in this population. The frequency of the Asp(169) allele in the only oxidative stress-linked pathology that we have studied to date, i.e. alcoholic liver disease, was not significantly different from healthy controls. In conclusion, we have detected and characterised a novel SNP in GSTP1 that may play a role in modulating the activity of GSTP1-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Kitteringham
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, Merseyside, UK
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23
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Buenz EJ. A high-throughput cell-based toxicity analysis of drug metabolites using flow cytometry. Cell Biol Toxicol 2007; 23:361-5. [PMID: 17380409 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-007-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of liver enzymes on drug activities are important considerations in the drug discovery process. Frequently, liver microsomes are used to simulate first-pass metabolism in the liver; however, there are significant disadvantages to the microsome system. As an alternative, a simple cell-based, high-throughput system that allows for examination of metabolite activity is described. Using multiparameter flow cytometry and the low-volume, high-sample format of 96-well plates, it is possible to rapidly evaluate a dose-response curve for metabolites based on variables including initial compound concentrations, hepatocyte cell line metabolic activities, and time. Using HepG2 cells as a surrogate for hepatic metabolism of a potential therapeutic, the impact of metabolites on Jurkat cell death was measured by both propidium iodide dye exclusion and cell cycle analysis. While this system is not proposed to supplant liver microsome studies, this alternative assay provides a highly adaptable, low-cost, and high-throughput measure of drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Buenz
- BioSciential LLC, Rochester, Minnesota 55903, USA.
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24
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Drobna Z, Xing W, Thomas DJ, Stýblo M. shRNA silencing of AS3MT expression minimizes arsenic methylation capacity of HepG2 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2006; 19:894-8. [PMID: 16841956 PMCID: PMC2329798 DOI: 10.1021/tx060076u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several methyltransferases have been shown to catalyze the oxidative methylation of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in mammalian species. However, the relative contributions of these enzymes to the overall capacity of cells to methylate iAs have not been characterized. Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) that is expressed in rat and human hepatocytes catalyzes the conversion of iAs, yielding methylated metabolites that contain arsenic in +3 or +5 oxidation states. This study used short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down AS3MT expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. In a stable clonal HepG2/A cell line, AS3MT mRNA and protein levels were reduced by 83 and 88%, respectively. In comparison, the capacity to methylate iAs decreased only by 70%. These data suggest that AS3MT is the major enzyme in this pathway, although an AS3MT-independent process may contribute to iAs methylation in human hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Drobna
- Department of Nutrition, Curriculum in Toxicology, and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-2774, USA.
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25
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Nebert DW. Comparison of gene expression in cell culture to that in the intact animal: relevance to drugs and environmental toxicants. Focus on “Development of a transactivator in hepatoma cells that allows expression of phase I, phase II, and chemical defense genes”. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 290:C37-41. [PMID: 16338979 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00444.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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