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Wang QY, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Chen HL, Liu Q, Wang ZH, Zeng LT, Li J, Chen SJ, Wei L, Iwakuma T, Cai JP. Colonic L-cell impairment in aged subjects with type 2 diabetes leads to diminished GLP-1 production. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102907. [PMID: 37980723 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is produced by the L subtype of enteroendocrine cells (EECs). Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibit reduced incretin effect, but the pathophysiology and functional change of the L-cells remain unclear. Deciphering the mechanisms of the biological changes in L-cells under T2D conditions may assist in the research of gut-based strategies for T2D therapy. METHODS We investigated the fasting serum GLP-1 levels and the distribution of colonic L-cells in young and aged participants with and without T2D. Additionally, we established an aged male T2D Wistar rat model subjected to a long-term high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet. Histological investigations and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying functional changes in the colonic EECs. RESULTS We observed a decline in circulating GLP-1 levels and a reduced number of colonic L-cells in elderly patients with T2D. The mechanisms underlying impaired L-cell formation and disturbed GLP-1 production were revealed using aged T2D rats induced by a long-term HFHF diet. The scRNA-seq results showed that the transcription factors that regulate L-cell commitment, such as Foxa1, were downregulated, and the expression of genes that participate in encoding GLP-1, GLP-1 posttranslational processing, hormone secretion, and nutrient sensing was disturbed. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the reduced L-cell lineage commitment and disturbed L-cell functions might be the major cause of the reduced GLP-1 production in aged populations with T2D. Our study provides new insights for identifying novel targets in colonic L-cells for improving endogenous GLP-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Hui-Lian Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lv-Tao Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division of BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division of BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Habibullah MM, Hakamy A, Mansor AS, Atti IM, Alwadani AAJ, Kaabi YA. The Association of UCP2-866 G/A Genotype with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism in the Southwestern Saudi Arabia Population. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:875-879. [PMID: 36910568 PMCID: PMC9999712 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s400424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune hypothyroidism (AHT) is a widespread disease that disproportionately affects women over men. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that lead to the dysfunction of the thyroid gland. The exact cause of this process is unknown; however, some factors, such as genetic factors, may be to blame. The uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene encodes uncoupling protein 2, which has been linked to several pathogeneses; however, the link between UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism and AHT has yet to be investigated. Thus, we investigate the potential relationship between UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism and AHT. Methods A total of 158 subjects participated in this study, they were either control or AHT patient, and genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction. Results The frequencies of UCP2-866 G/G, G/A, and A/A in the control subject were 34%, 51%, and 15%, respectively, whereas these frequencies in the AHT were 43%, 46%, and 10%. Conclusion The study concludes a significant relationship between UCP2-866 G/A polymorphism and AHT, with a carrier subject of the -866 A allele being 3 times more likely to suffer from AHT than wild-type carriers in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Habibullah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hakamy
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Mansor
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Atti
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Ali Jaber Alwadani
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahia A Kaabi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Inoue R, Tsuno T, Togashi Y, Okuyama T, Sato A, Nishiyama K, Kyohara M, Li J, Fukushima S, Kin T, Miyashita D, Shiba Y, Atobe Y, Kiyonari H, Bando K, Shapiro AJ, Funakoshi K, Kulkarni RN, Terauchi Y, Shirakawa J. Uncoupling protein 2 and aldolase B impact insulin release by modulating mitochondrial function and Ca 2+ release from the ER. iScience 2022; 25:104603. [PMID: 35800776 PMCID: PMC9253497 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial protein, is known to be upregulated in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, the pathological significance of this increase in UCP2 expression is unclear. In this study, we highlight the molecular link between the increase in UCP2 expression in β-cells and β-cell failure by using genetically engineered mice and human islets. β-cell-specific UCP2-overexpressing transgenic mice (βUCP2Tg) exhibited glucose intolerance and a reduction in insulin secretion. Decreased mitochondrial function and increased aldolase B (AldB) expression through oxidative-stress-mediated pathway were observed in βUCP2Tg islets. AldB, a glycolytic enzyme, was associated with reduced insulin secretion via mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Taken together, our findings provide a new mechanism of β-cell dysfunction by UCP2 and AldB. Targeting the UCP2/AldB axis is a promising approach for the recovery of β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Aoi Sato
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jinghe Li
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Setsuko Fukushima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2C8, Canada
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiba
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Atobe
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kana Bando
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2C8, Canada
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Role of Uncoupling Protein 2 Gene Polymorphisms on the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in a Sardinian Population. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050721. [PMID: 35629388 PMCID: PMC9147365 DOI: 10.3390/life12050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) acts as an anion transporter and as an antioxidant factor able to reduce the reactive oxygen species level. Based on its effects, UCP2 prevents the membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA damage while preserving normal cellular functions. Many variants have been identified within the human UCP2. Some of them were associated with a higher risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in different populations. UCP2 appears a suitable candidate also for the risk of ischemic stroke. In the current study, we investigated the possible association between few variants of UCP2 (rs659366, rs660339, rs1554995310) and the risk of ischemic stroke in a genetically homogenous cohort of cases and controls selected in Sardinia Island. This population has been previously analysed for other candidate genes. A total of 250 cases of ischemic stroke and 241 controls were enrolled in the study. The allelic/genotypic distribution of the 3 UCP2 variants was characterized and compared among cases and controls. The results of our study confirmed known risk factors for ischemic stroke: age, history of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and atrial fibrillation. No association was found between the 3 UCP2 variants and the risk of ischemic stroke in our Sardinian cohort.
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Divergent effects of HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors on pancreatic beta-cell function and survival: Potential role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Life Sci 2022; 294:120329. [PMID: 35090905 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART), a life-saving treatment strategy in HIV/AIDS, has been implicated in increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Direct damaging effects on beta-cell function and survival by either non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) or nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) may predispose individuals to developing T2DM or if already type 2 diabetic, to insulin dependency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the NNRTIs efavirenz, rilpivirine and doravirine, and the NRTIs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine, on beta-cell function and survival while suggesting potential cellular and molecular mechanism(s). Our results show contrasting effects within the NNRTI class as doravirine did not cause damaging effects in the rat insulinoma INS-1E cells while efavirenz and rilpivirine reduced insulin release and cell viability, and induced apoptosis in INS-1E cells. Additionally, efavirenz and rilpivirine increased ROS generation, disrupted Δψm and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of CHOP and GRP78, key markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. In silico docking studies predict a possible inhibition of the mitochondrial ATP synthase by rilpivirine. On the contrary, both the NRTIs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine did not affect GSIS, cell viability and apoptosis/necrosis levels in INS-1E cells. The deleterious effects observed in beta-cells exposed to efavirenz or rilpivirine may be, at least partially, mediated by oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. These findings provide potential mechanism(s) by which efavirenz and rilpivirine may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM and the progression of T2DM to insulin dependency in HIV-infected type 2 diabetics.
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Chen N, Chen Y, Lai F, Chen L, Zeng R, Pei L, Wu L, Wang C, Li Y, Xiao H, Cao X. Circulating GLP-1 Levels in Patients with Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:4203018. [PMID: 36569401 PMCID: PMC9771646 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4203018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathoadrenal system has been shown to stimulate the secretory activity of enteroendocrine cells, although the response is transient. Our aim was to investigate the effects of long-term catecholamine excess on circulating glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). Thirty patients diagnosed with PPGL were analyzed. A significant negative association was observed between fasting plasma GLP-1 levels and elevated plasma-free metanephrine (r = -0.407, p = 0.026). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), serum creatinine, and the presence of hyperglycemia, the negative association between plasma GLP-1 and metanephrine persisted by multiple linear regression analysis (β = -0.493, p = 0.013). Positive correlations between fasting glucose and plasma metanephrine (r = 0.380, p = 0.038) and normetanephrine levels (r = 0.450, p = 0.013) were also found. Mean fasting levels of total GLP-1 increased significantly from 25.81 to 39.01 pmol/L (p = 0.017) after PPGL resection. In conclusion, long-term overproduction of catecholamines appears to induce suppression of GLP-1 production compared to an acute response to a stress stimulus. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of GLP-1 secretion with chronic exposure to catecholamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fenghua Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ling Pei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chenxue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Malaguarnera R, Scamporrino A, Filippello A, Di Mauro S, Minardo A, Purrello F, Piro S. The entero-insular axis: a journey in the physiopathology of diabetes. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic homeostasis is an essential mechanism for the proper working of an organism. However, balance in blood lipid and protein levels also plays an important role. The discovery of the hormone insulin and the description of its function for glycemic control made fundamental scientific progress in this field. However, since then our view of the problem has been deeply influenced only in terms of glucose and insulin (in an insulin-centric and glucose-centric way). Based on recent scientific discoveries, a fine and sophisticated network of hormonal and metabolic interactions, involving almost every apparatus and tissue of the human body, has been theorized. Efficient metabolic homeostasis is founded on these intricate interactions. Although it is still not fully defined, this complex network can undergo alterations that lead to metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM). The endocrine pancreas plays a crucial role in the metabolic balance of an organism, but insulin is just one of the elements involved and each single pancreatic islet hormone is worthy of our concern. Moreover, pancreatic hormones need to be considered in a general view, concerning both their systemic function as direct mediators and as hormones, which, in turn, are regulated by other hormones or other substances. This more complex scenario should be taken into account for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the therapeutic algorithms of DM. As a consequence, improvements in modern medicine could help to contemplate this new perspective. This review is focused on some aspects of gut-pancreas interaction, aiming to integrate this synergy into a wider context involving other organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Minardo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy
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Urbano F, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Filippello A, Di Mauro S, Scamporrino A, Marchisello S, Rabuazzo AM, Purrello F, Piro S. Impaired glucagon suppression and reduced insulin sensitivity in subjects with prediabetes undergoing atorvastatin therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 181:579-590. [PMID: 31546230 PMCID: PMC6977939 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statin therapy has been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in high-risk populations; however, the pathophysiology of this association remains to be clarified. We investigated glucagon suppression and its relationship with insulin resistance in prediabetic subjects undergoing atorvastatin therapy; in addition, we studied molecular insulin signaling in pancreatic α-cells exposed to atorvastatin in vitro. DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty subjects with prediabetes were divided into two groups based on atorvastatin therapy. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Early (0-30 min), late (30-120 min) and overall (0-120 min) glucagon suppression were evaluated. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the insulin sensitivity index (ISI0-120). Insulin signaling pathway and insulin-mediated glucagon suppression were investigated in pancreatic αTC1-6 cells chronically exposed (24 or 48 h) to atorvastatin (100 ng/mL). RESULTS Individuals on statin therapy (n = 26) showed a significantly reduced early (0-30 min) (P = 0.003) and overall (0-120 min) (P = 0.01) glucagon suppression compared with controls (n = 24). In multivariate regression analysis, early glucagon suppression (0-30 min) exhibited a significant correlation with statin therapy. Regression analysis showed a significant association between ISI 0-120 and early0-30 (r = 0.33, P < 0.05) and overall0-120 (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) glucagon suppression. Moreover, in αTC1-6 cells atorvastatin treatment affected insulin-mediated glucagon suppression, insulin receptor phosphorylation and IRS-1-AKT pathway signaling. CONCLUSIONS Prediabetic patients undergoing statin therapy exhibit impaired glucagon suppression associated with lower insulin sensitivity. Our data revealed a new molecular aspect behind the deregulation of insulin sensitivity secondary to statin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Marchisello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Maria Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to F Purrello;
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Zhu W, Huang W, Xu Z, Cao M, Hu Q, Pan C, Guo M, Wei JF, Yuan H. Analysis of Patents Issued in China for Antihyperglycemic Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:586. [PMID: 31214029 PMCID: PMC6556973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is prevalent, with a dramatic increase in recent years. Moreover, its microvascular and macrovascular complications cause significant societal issues. The demand for new and effective antidiabetic therapies grows with each passing day and motivates organizations and individuals to pay more attention to such products. In this article, we focused on oral antihyperglycemic drugs patented in China and introduced them according to their antihyperglycemic mechanisms. By searching the website of State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China (http://www.sipo.gov.cn), 2,500 antihyperglycemic patents for T2DM were identified and analyzed. These consisted of 4 patents for derivatives of herbal extracts (0.2%), 162 patents for herbal extracts (6.5%), 61 compositions for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (2.4%), 2,263 patents for synthetic compounds (90.5%), and 10 (0.4%) patents of the combination of synthetic compounds and TCM. As the most common drugs for diabetes mellitus, synthetic compounds can also be classified into several categories according to their working mechanisms, such as insulin secretion promotor agents, insulin sensitizer agents, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and so forth. This article discussed the chemical structure, potential antihyperglycemic mechanism of these antihyperglycemic drugs in patents in China. Expert opinion: Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function could be improved by weight loss to prevent prediabetes into T2DM. However, 40-50% patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) still progress to T2DM, even after successful long-term weight loss. Antihyperglycemic remedies provide a treatment option to improve insulin sensitivity and maintain β-cell function. Combination therapy is the best treatment for diabetes. Combination therapy can reduce the dosage of each single drug option, and avoid the side effects. Drugs with different mechanisms are complementary, and are better adapted to patients with changing conditions. Classical combination therapies include combinations such as sulfonylureas plus biguanides or glucosidase inhibitors, biguanide plus glucosidase inhibitors or insulin sensitizers, insulin treatment plus biguanides or glucosidase inhibitors. The general principle of combination therapy is that two drugs with different mechanisms are selected jointly, and the combination of three types of hypoglycemic drugs is not recommended. After reading a large amount of literature, we have rarely found a case of three oral hypoglycemic agents, which may mean that the combination of three oral hypoglycemic agents is unnecessary and has unpredictable risks. There is no objection to the idea of multi-drug therapy. But multiple drugs can only be used when it shows a significant benefit to the patients. Combined use of multiple antidiabetic drugs poses a risk to patients due to drug interactions and overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of GCP Office, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengda Cao
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoli Hu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Guo
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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CircSMARCA5 Regulates VEGFA mRNA Splicing and Angiogenesis in Glioblastoma Multiforme Through the Binding of SRSF1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020194. [PMID: 30736462 PMCID: PMC6406760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are a large group of RNAs whose cellular functions are still being investigated. We recently proposed that circSMARCA5 acts as sponge for the splicing factor Serine and Arginine Rich Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). After demonstrating by RNA immunoprecipitation a physical interaction between SRFS1 and circSMARCA5, we assayed by real-time PCR in a cohort of 31 GBM biopsies and 20 unaffected brain parenchyma controls (UC) the expression of total, pro-angiogenic (Iso8a) and anti-angiogenic (Iso8b) mRNA isoforms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA), a known splicing target of SRSF1. The Iso8a to Iso8b ratio: (i) increased in GBM biopsies with respect to UC (p-value < 0.00001); (ii) negatively correlated with the expression of circSMARCA5 (r-value = −0.46, p-value = 0.006); (iii) decreased in U87-MG overexpressing circSMARCA5 with respect to negative control (p-value = 0.0055). Blood vascular microvessel density, estimated within the same biopsies, negatively correlated with the expression of circSMARCA5 (r-value = −0.59, p-value = 0.00001), while positively correlated with that of SRSF1 (r-value = 0.38, p-value = 0.00663) and the Iso8a to Iso8b ratio (r-value = 0.41, p-value = 0.0259). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that GBM patients with low circSMARCA5 expression had lower overall and progression free survival rates than those with higher circSMARCA5 expression (p-values = 0.033, 0.012, respectively). Our data convincingly suggest that circSMARCA5 is an upstream regulator of pro- to anti-angiogenic VEGFA isoforms ratio within GBM cells and a highly promising GBM prognostic and prospective anti-angiogenic molecule.
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11
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Santos-Bezerra DP, Santos AS, Guimarães GC, Admoni SN, Perez RV, Machado CG, Pelaes TS, Passarelli M, Machado UF, Queiroz MS, da Silva MER, Correa-Giannella ML. Micro-RNAs 518d-3p and 618 Are Upregulated in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes With Multiple Microvascular Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:385. [PMID: 31249556 PMCID: PMC6582662 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare the serum micro-RNAs (miRNAs) profile of individuals with type 1 diabetes without microvascular complications vs. those with multiple severe microvascular complications, in order to identify epigenetically modulated pathways in these two groups of individuals. Research Design and Methods: A total of 10 subjects were selected among individuals followed in the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic and sorted according to the absence or presence of all microvascular complications. Samples from these participants were used for evaluation of serum miRNA expression profile employing a qRT-PCR assay with hydrolysis probes based on the Taqman Low Density Arrays (TLDA) system. The top six most differentially expressed miRNAs between the aforementioned groups were validated by qRT-PCR in additional 47 type 1 diabetes individuals sorted according to the absence or presence of all microvascular complications and matched for age, sex, degree of metabolic control, diabetes duration, and age at diagnosis. Results: Twenty one out of three hundred and seventy seven miRNAs were upregulated in the group of individuals with all microvascular complications vs. the group without complications. The following miRs were validated: 518-3p, 34a-5p, 126-5p, 425-5p, 618, and 139-5p and logistic regression analyses showed that miRNA-518-3p and miRNA-618 were positively associated with multiple microvascular complications after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c and use of statin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and amlodipine. Conclusions: In this cohort of type 1 diabetes individuals, serum miR-518d-3p and miR-618 were upregulated in those with diabetes kidney disease, diabetes retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in comparison to individuals with no microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele P. Santos-Bezerra
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aritania S. Santos
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. Guimarães
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sharon N. Admoni
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V. Perez
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleide G. Machado
- Divisão de Oftalmologia do Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana S. Pelaes
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lipides, LIM-10, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan F. Machado
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia S. Queiroz
- Divisão de Endocrinologia do Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Elizabeth R. da Silva
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Correa-Giannella
- Laboratório de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaio, LIM-18, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Lucia Correa-Giannella
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12
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Yin J, Ren W, Chen S, Li Y, Han H, Gao J, Liu G, Wu X, Li T, Woo Kim S, Yin Y. Metabolic Regulation of Methionine Restriction in Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700951. [PMID: 29603632 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of dietary methionine restriction have been investigated in the physiology of aging and diseases related to oxidative stress, the relationship between methionine restriction (MR) and the development of metabolic disorders has not been explored extensively. This review summarizes studies of the possible involvement of dietary methionine restriction in improving insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and inflammation, with an emphasis on the fibroblast growth factor 21 and protein phosphatase 2A signals and autophagy in diabetes. Diets deficient in methionine may be a useful nutritional strategy in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Hui Han
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
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13
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Filippello A, Urbano F, Di Mauro S, Scamporrino A, Di Pino A, Scicali R, Rabuazzo AM, Purrello F, Piro S. Chronic Exposure to Palmitate Impairs Insulin Signaling in an Intestinal L-cell Line: A Possible Shift from GLP-1 to Glucagon Production. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3791. [PMID: 30487448 PMCID: PMC6321596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion/function. Lipotoxicity, a chronic elevation of free fatty acids in the blood, could affect insulin-signaling in many peripheral tissues. To date, the effects of lipotoxicity on the insulin receptor and insulin resistance in the intestinal L-cells need to be elucidated. Moreover, recent observations indicate that L-cells may be able to process not only GLP-1 but also glucagon from proglucagon. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic palmitate exposure on insulin pathways, GLP-1 secretion and glucagon synthesis in the GLUTag L-cell line. Cells were cultured in the presence/absence of palmitate (0.5 mM) for 24 h to mimic lipotoxicity. Palmitate treatment affected insulin-stimulated GLP-1 secretion, insulin receptor phosphorylation and IRS-1-AKT pathway signaling. In our model lipotoxicity induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 44/42) activation both in insulin stimulated and basal conditions and also up-regulated paired box 6 (PAX6) and proglucagon expression (Gcg). Interestingly, palmitate treatment caused an increased glucagon secretion through the up-regulation of prohormone convertase 2. These results indicate that a state of insulin resistance could be responsible for secretory alterations in L-cells through the impairment of insulin-signaling pathways. Our data support the hypothesis that lipotoxicity might contribute to L-cell deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesca Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Agata Maria Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy.
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14
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Wang D, Meng Q, Leech CA, Yepuri N, Zhang L, Holz GG, Wang C, Cooney RN. α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Regulates the Function and Viability of L Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3132-3142. [PMID: 29992246 PMCID: PMC6456923 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine L cells secrete the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and they also express the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), which may regulate GLP-1 secretion. Here, GTS-21, a selective α7nAChR agonist, was used to examine the effect of α7nAChR activation in L-cell lines, mouse intestinal primary cell cultures, and C57BL/6 mice. GTS-21 stimulated GLP-1 secretion in vitro, and this effect was attenuated by an α7nAChR antagonist or by α7nAChR-specific small interfering RNA. Under in vitro cell culture conditions of glucotoxicity, GTS-21 restored GLP-1 secretion and improved L-cell viability while also acting in vivo to raise levels of circulating GLP-1 in mice. To assess potential signaling mechanisms underlying these actions of GTS-21, we first monitored Ca2+, cAMP, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. As expected for a GLP-1 secretagogue promoting Ca2+ influx through α7nAChR cation channels, [Ca2+]i increased in response to GTS-21, but [cAMP]i was unchanged. Surprisingly, pharmacological inhibition of growth factor signaling pathways revealed that GTS-21 also acts on the PI3K-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway to promote L-cell viability. Moreover, the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM counteracted GTS-21‒stimulated PI3K activity, thereby indicating unexpected crosstalk of L-cell Ca2+ and growth factor signaling pathways. Collectively, these data demonstrate that α7nAChR activation enhances GLP-1 secretion by increasing levels of cytosolic Ca2+ while also revealing Ca2+- and PI3K-dependent processes of α7nAChR activation that promote L-cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Colin A Leech
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Natesh Yepuri
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Correspondence: Robert N. Cooney, MD, Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Suite 8141, Syracuse, New York 13210. E-mail: ; or Chunting Wang, MD, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 9677 Jing 10 Road, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China. E-mail:
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
- Correspondence: Robert N. Cooney, MD, Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Suite 8141, Syracuse, New York 13210. E-mail: ; or Chunting Wang, MD, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 9677 Jing 10 Road, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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15
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Atorvastatin but Not Pravastatin Impairs Mitochondrial Function in Human Pancreatic Islets and Rat β-Cells. Direct Effect of Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11863. [PMID: 28928397 PMCID: PMC5605712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are a class of drugs widely prescribed as frontline therapy for lowering plasma LDL-cholesterol in cardiovascular risk prevention. Several clinical reports have recently suggested an increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with chronic use of these drugs. The pathophysiology of this effect remains to be fully elucidated but impaired β-cell function constitutes a potential mechanism. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a chronic treatment with lipophilic and hydrophilic statins on β-cell function, using human pancreatic islets and rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cells; we particularly focused on the role of mitochondria and oxidative stress. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that atorvastatin (lipophilic) but not pravastatin (hydrophilic) affected insulin release and mitochondrial metabolism due to the suppression of antioxidant defense system and induction of ROS production in pancreatic β-cell models. Mevalonate addition and treatment with a specific antioxidant (N-AcetylCysteine) effectively reversed the observed defects. These data demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative stress is a key element in the pathogenesis of statin-related diabetes and may have clinical relevance to design strategies for prevention or reduction of statin induced β-cell dysfunction and diabetes in patients treated with lipophilic statins.
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16
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Upregulation of UCP2 in beta-cells confers partial protection against both oxidative stress and glucotoxicity. Redox Biol 2017; 13:541-549. [PMID: 28755631 PMCID: PMC5537434 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deterioration of pancreatic beta-cells plays a critical role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Among the various stressors contributing to these deleterious effects, glucotoxicity and superoxides have been proposed as major players. In this context, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein UCP2 is regularly associated with the stress response. In the present study, we tested the effects of UCP2 upregulation in mouse islets with beta-cell specific overexpression of UCP2 (RIP-UCP2). Islets were subjected to both chronic glucotoxicity (7 days at 30 mM glucose) and acute oxidative stress (200 µM H2O2 for 10 min). Increased UCP2 expression did not alter mitochondrial potential and ATP generation but protected against glucotoxic effects. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was altered by both glucotoxicity and oxidative stress, in particular through higher basal insulin release at non-stimulatory glucose concentrations. The secretory response to glucose stimulation was partially preserved in beta-cells overexpressing UCP2. The higher rate of cell death induced by chronic high glucose exposure was lower in RIP-UCP2 islets. Finally, superoxide production was reduced by high glucose, both under acute and chronic conditions, and not modified by UCP2 overexpression. In conclusion, upregulation of UCP2 conferred protective effects to the stressed beta-cell through mechanisms not directly associated with superoxide production. UCP2 upregulation protects pancreatic ß-cells against glucotoxicity. High glucose reduces superoxide production in pancreatic islets. UCP2 upregulation does not change superoxide production. UCP2 upregulation protects ß-cells against oxidative stress.
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17
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Muscogiuri G, Balercia G, Barrea L, Cignarelli A, Giorgino F, Holst JJ, Laudisio D, Orio F, Tirabassi G, Colao A. Gut: A key player in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1294-1309. [PMID: 27892685 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1252712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut regulates glucose and energy homeostasis; thus, the presence of ingested nutrients into the gut activates sensing mechanisms that affect both glucose homeostasis and regulate food intake. Increasing evidence suggest that gut may also play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes which may be related to both the intestinal microbiological profile and patterns of gut hormones secretion. Intestinal microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms but its composition and function may be adversely affected in type 2 diabetes. The intestinal microbiota may be responsible of the secretion of molecules that may impair insulin secretion/action. At the same time, intestinal milieu regulates the secretion of hormones such as GLP-1, GIP, ghrelin, gastrin, somatostatin, CCK, serotonin, peptide YY, GLP-2, all of which importantly influence metabolism in general and in particular glucose metabolism. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the current evidence on the role of the gut in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, taking into account both hormonal and microbiological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- b Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | | | - Angelo Cignarelli
- c Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- c Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Jens J Holst
- d NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences , Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Francesco Orio
- e Endocrinology, Department of Sports Science and Wellness , "Parthenope" University Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Giacomo Tirabassi
- b Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences , Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- f Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , "Federico II" University of Naples , Naples , Italy
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18
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Larsen MP, Torekov SS. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes? J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7583506. [PMID: 29082261 PMCID: PMC5610892 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7583506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incretin effect is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes. AIM To assess the relation between the incretin hormone GLP-1 and the prediabetic subtypes: impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and the combined IFG/IGT to investigate whether a low GLP-1 response may be a predictor of prediabetes in adults. METHOD 298 articles were found using a broad search phrase on the PubMed database and after the assessment of titles and abstracts 19 articles were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Studies assessing i-IFG/IFG and i-IGT/IGT found both increased, unaltered, and reduced GLP-1 levels. Studies assessing IFG/IGT found unaltered or reduced GLP-1 levels. When assessing the five studies with the largest sample size, it clearly suggests a decreased GLP-1 response in IFG/IGT subjects. Several other factors (BMI, glucagon, age, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)), including medications (metformin), may also influence the secretion of GLP-1. CONCLUSION This review suggests that the GLP-1 response is a variable in prediabetes possibly due to a varying GLP-1-secreting profile during the development and progression of type 2 diabetes or difference in the measurement technique. Longitudinal prospective studies are needed to assess whether a reduced GLP-1 response is a predictor of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ploug Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Signe Sørensen Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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19
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Di Mauro S, Ragusa M, Urbano F, Filippello A, Di Pino A, Scamporrino A, Pulvirenti A, Ferro A, Rabuazzo AM, Purrello M, Purrello F, Piro S. Intracellular and extracellular miRNome deregulation in cellular models of NAFLD or NASH: Clinical implications. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:1129-1139. [PMID: 27756518 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease in industrialized countries. NAFLD has the potential to progress through the inflammatory phase of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Identifying patients at risk for this transition is a relevant clinical challenge. The complexity of these phenotypes in vivo made necessary the development of in vitro models in order to dissect the molecular signalling affected in NAFLD and NASH, but also to identify potential circulating biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS We profiled the expression of 754 cellular and medium-secreted human miRNAs in HepG2 cells after lipotoxic (Palmitate, model of NASH) or not-lipotoxic stimuli (Oleate-Palmitate, model of NAFLD). Results were validated through Single TaqMan assays. We performed computational analysis of miRNA targets and pathways. Oleate-palmitate treatment induced a variation of 2.8% and 10% of total miRNAs in cells and medium, respectively; palmitate treatment caused 10% and 19% intracellular and extracellular miRNA deregulation, respectively. We validated miR-126, miR-150, miR-223, miR-483-3p, miR-1226*, and miR-1290 deregulation. Through computational analysis, we observed that targets of both intracellular and extracellular DE miRNAs were involved in processes associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD and NASH, such as fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These data would be useful to elucidate the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of the NAFLD spectrum, but they also allow the identification of novel potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis to be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Ragusa
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnology, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine, Catania, Italy
| | - F Urbano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Pulvirenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Bioinformatics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Ferro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Bioinformatics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A M Rabuazzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Purrello
- Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnology, Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of BioMolecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine, Catania, Italy
| | - F Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - S Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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20
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Decara J, Arrabal S, Beiroa D, Rivera P, Vargas A, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, Ballesteros J, Dieguez C, Nogueiras R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Antiobesity efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide is associated with peripheral tissue-specific modulation of lipid metabolic regulators. Biofactors 2016; 42:600-611. [PMID: 27213962 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in peripheral lipid metabolism. Both lean and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO) rats were used to compare the peripheral effects of the subcutaneous and repeated administration of the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide on the expression of key regulators involved in lipid metabolism, β-oxidation and thermogenesis in liver, abdominal muscle, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). We observed that liraglutide reduced caloric intake, body weight, and plasma levels of triglycerides and VLDL in a diet-independent manner. However, changes in liver fat content and the expression of lipid metabolism regulators were produced in a diet and tissue-dependent manner. In lean rats, liraglutide increased the gene/protein expression of elements involved in lipogenesis (ChREBP, Acaca/ACC, Fasn/FAS, Scd1/SCD1, PPARα/γ), β-oxidation (CPT1b), and thermogenesis (Cox4i1, Ucp1/UCP1) in eWAT and muscle, which suggest an increase in fatty-acid flux and utilization to activate energy expenditure. Regarding DIO rats, the specific reduction of liver lipid content by liraglutide was associated with a decreased expression of main elements involved in lipogenesis (phospho-ACC), peroxisomal β-oxidation (ACOX1), and lipid flux/storage (Pparγ/PPARγ) in liver, which suggest a recovery of lipid homeostasis. Interestingly, the muscle of DIO rats treated with liraglutide showed a decreased expression of PPARγ and the thermogenic factor UCP1. These results help us to better understand the peripheral mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism that underlay the effectiveness of GLP-1 analogues for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):600-611, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Decara
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago De Compostela-Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco S/N, 15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Ballesteros
- Parque Científico Madrid (PCM), VIVIA Biotech SL, 1 Calle Santiago Grisolia, Suite 205, Tres Cantos, 28760, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago De Compostela-Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco S/N, 15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CIMUS, University of Santiago De Compostela-Instituto De Investigación Sanitaria, S. Francisco S/N, 15782 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto De Investigación Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad De Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional De Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón De Gobierno, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER OBN, Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Kim S, Kim C, Park S. Ghrelin gene products rescue cultured adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells from high glucose insult. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:171-84. [PMID: 27530317 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is decreased in type 2 diabetes, and this impairment appears to be important in cognitive dysfunction. Previous studies suggest that ghrelin gene products (acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UAG) and obestatin (OB)) promote neurogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that ghrelin gene products may reduce the harmful effects of high glucose (HG) on hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these peptides on the survival of cultured hippocampal NSCs exposed to HG insult. Treatment of hippocampal NSCs with AG, UAG or OB inhibited HG-induced cell death and apoptosis. Exposure of cells to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a antagonist abolished the protective effects of AG against HG toxicity, whereas those of UAG or OB were preserved. All three peptides attenuated HG-induced decrease in BrdU-labeled and phosphohistone-H3-labeled cells. We also investigated the effects of ghrelin gene products on the regulation of apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. AG, UAG or OB rescued hippocampal NSCs from HG insult by inhibiting intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and stabilizing mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In addition, cells treated with ghrelin gene products showed an increased Bcl-2 and decreased Bax levels, thereby increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, inhibiting cytochrome c release and preventing caspase-3 activation. Finally, AG-, UAG- or OB-mediated protection was dependent on the activities of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/uncoupling protein 2 pathway. Our data indicate that ghrelin gene products may act as survival factors that preserve mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Kim
- Department of Biomedical ScienceGraduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanyang Kim
- Department of Biomedical ScienceGraduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjoon Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to ROS and Biomedical Science InstituteSchool of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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