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Kostyuk AI, Rapota DD, Morozova KI, Fedotova AA, Jappy D, Semyanov AV, Belousov VV, Brazhe NA, Bilan DS. Modern optical approaches in redox biology: Genetically encoded sensors and Raman spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:68-115. [PMID: 38508405 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the current review is to summarize the current state of optical methods in redox biology. It consists of two parts, the first is dedicated to genetically encoded fluorescent indicators and the second to Raman spectroscopy. In the first part, we provide a detailed classification of the currently available redox biosensors based on their target analytes. We thoroughly discuss the main architecture types of these proteins, the underlying engineering strategies for their development, the biochemical properties of existing tools and their advantages and disadvantages from a practical point of view. Particular attention is paid to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy as a possible readout technique, since it is less prone to certain artifacts than traditional intensiometric measurements. In the second part, the characteristic Raman peaks of the most important redox intermediates are listed, and examples of how this knowledge can be implemented in biological studies are given. This part covers such fields as estimation of the redox states and concentrations of Fe-S clusters, cytochromes, other heme-containing proteins, oxidative derivatives of thiols, lipids, and nucleotides. Finally, we touch on the issue of multiparameter imaging, in which biosensors are combined with other visualization methods for simultaneous assessment of several cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana D Rapota
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kseniia I Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anna A Fedotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey V Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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Costa ADS, Ghouri I, Johnston A, McGlynn K, McNair A, Bowman P, Malik N, Hurren J, Bingelis T, Dunne M, Smith GL, Kemi OJ. Electrically stimulated in vitro heart cell mimic of acute exercise reveals novel immediate cellular responses to exercise: Reduced contractility and metabolism, but maintained calcium cycling and increased myofilament calcium sensitivity. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1147-1161. [PMID: 37665041 PMCID: PMC10947300 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cellular responses to acute exercise remain undescribed. We present a model for mimicking acute aerobic endurance exercise to freshly isolated cardiomyocytes by evoking exercise-like contractions over prolonged periods of time with trains of electrical twitch stimulations. We then investigated immediate contractile, Ca2+ , and metabolic responses to acute exercise in perfused freshly isolated left ventricular rat cardiomyocytes, after a matrix-design optimized protocol and induced a mimic for acute aerobic endurance exercise by trains of prolonged field twitch stimulations. Acute exercise decreased cardiomyocyte fractional shortening 50%-80% (p < .01). This was not explained by changes to intracellular Ca2+ handling (p > .05); rather, we observed a weak insignificant Ca2+ transient increase (p = .11), while myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity increased 20%-70% (p < .05). Acidic pH 6.8 decreased fractional shortening 20%-70% (p < .05) because of 20%-30% decreased Ca2+ transients (p < .05), but no difference occurred between control and acute exercise (p > .05). Addition of 1 or 10 mM La- increased fractional shortening in control (1 mM La- : no difference, p > .05; 10 mM La- : 20%-30%, p < .05) and acute exercise (1 mM La- : 40%-90%, p < .01; 10 mM La- : 50%-100%, p < .01) and rendered acute exercise indifferent from control (p > .05). Intrinsic autofluorescence showed a resting NADstate of 0.59 ± 0.04 and FADstate of 0.17 ± 0.03, while acute exercise decreased NADH/FAD ratio 8% (p < .01), indicating intracellular oxidation. In conclusion, we show a novel approach for studying immediate acute cardiomyocyte responses to aerobic endurance exercise. We find that acute exercise in cardiomyocytes decreases contraction, but Ca2+ handling and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity compensate for this, while acidosis and reduced energy substrate and mitochondrial ATP generation explain this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Da Silva Costa
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Graduate School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Iffath Ghouri
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Alexander Johnston
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Karen McGlynn
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Andrew McNair
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Peter Bowman
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Natasha Malik
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Johanne Hurren
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tomas Bingelis
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Michael Dunne
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Godfrey L. Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Ole J. Kemi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Pawlak-Chomicka R, Uruski P, Krauze T, Piskorski J, Tykarski A, Guzik P. Arterial Blood Pressure Features of Hypertensive Patients with Typical and Atypical 460 nm Skin Fluorescence Response to Transient Ischaemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5886. [PMID: 37762826 PMCID: PMC10531863 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow-mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) at 460 nm is a non-invasive method for assessing dynamic changes in the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and microcirculation in forearm skin under varying conditions of tissue perfusion. Typically, fluorescence increases during ischaemia, but atypical cases show a temporary signal decrease instead of a constant increase. This study aimed to explore the clinical implications of atypical FMSF patterns in patients with newly diagnosed untreated hypertension. NADH fluorescence and pulse wave analysis were performed on 65 patients. Differences in peripheral and arterial pulse pressure profiles were examined based on FMSF curve courses. Patients with atypical curve courses had significantly (p < 0.05 or lower for all) higher heart rate, peripheral and central diastolic pressure, tension time index, central rate pressure product, shorter diastole duration, and reservoir pressure-time integral. Hypertensive patients with atypical FMSF signals had less advantageous blood pressure profiles. Although the underlying factors causing these symptoms are unknown, the atypical FMSF pattern may reflect increased sympathetic stimulation and vascular resistance. The visual assessment of the FMSF curve may have important clinical implications that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Pawlak-Chomicka
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (R.P.-C.); (P.U.); (A.T.)
| | - Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (R.P.-C.); (P.U.); (A.T.)
| | - Tomasz Krauze
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (R.P.-C.); (P.U.); (A.T.)
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
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Gooz M, Maldonado EN. Fluorescence microscopy imaging of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1152553. [PMID: 37427141 PMCID: PMC10326048 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is an important contributor to cancer cell survival and proliferation that coexists with enhanced glycolytic activity. Measuring mitochondrial activity is useful to characterize cancer metabolism patterns, to identify metabolic vulnerabilities and to identify new drug targets. Optical imaging, especially fluorescent microscopy, is one of the most valuable tools for studying mitochondrial bioenergetics because it provides semiquantitative and quantitative readouts as well as spatiotemporal resolution of mitochondrial metabolism. This review aims to acquaint the reader with microscopy imaging techniques currently used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are major readouts of mitochondrial metabolism. We describe features, advantages, and limitations of the most used fluorescence imaging modalities: widefield, confocal and multiphoton microscopy, and fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIM). We also discus relevant aspects of image processing. We briefly describe the role and production of NADH, NADHP, flavins and various ROS including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and discuss how these parameters can be analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. We also explain the importance, value, and limitations of label-free autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD. Practical hints for the use of fluorescent probes and newly developed sensors for imaging ΔΨm, ATP and ROS are described. Overall, we provide updated information about the use of microscopy to study cancer metabolism that will be of interest to all investigators regardless of their level of expertise in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Abstract
Over the last half century, the autofluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) has been quantified in a variety of cell types and disease states. With the spread of nonlinear optical microscopy techniques in biomedical research, NADH and FAD imaging has offered an attractive solution to noninvasively monitor cell and tissue status and elucidate dynamic changes in cell or tissue metabolism. Various tools and methods to measure the temporal, spectral, and spatial properties of NADH and FAD autofluorescence have been developed. Specifically, an optical redox ratio of cofactor fluorescence intensities and NADH fluorescence lifetime parameters have been used in numerous applications, but significant work remains to mature this technology for understanding dynamic changes in metabolism. This article describes the current understanding of our optical sensitivity to different metabolic pathways and highlights current challenges in the field. Recent progress in addressing these challenges and acquiring more quantitative information in faster and more metabolically relevant formats is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA;
- Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Duranteau J, De Backer D, Donadello K, Shapiro NI, Hutchings SD, Rovas A, Legrand M, Harrois A, Ince C. The future of intensive care: the study of the microcirculation will help to guide our therapies. Crit Care 2023; 27:190. [PMID: 37193993 PMCID: PMC10186296 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of hemodynamic resuscitation is to optimize the microcirculation of organs to meet their oxygen and metabolic needs. Clinicians are currently blind to what is happening in the microcirculation of organs, which prevents them from achieving an additional degree of individualization of the hemodynamic resuscitation at tissue level. Indeed, clinicians never know whether optimization of the microcirculation and tissue oxygenation is actually achieved after macrovascular hemodynamic optimization. The challenge for the future is to have noninvasive, easy-to-use equipment that allows reliable assessment and immediate quantitative analysis of the microcirculation at the bedside. There are different methods for assessing the microcirculation at the bedside; all have strengths and challenges. The use of automated analysis and the future possibility of introducing artificial intelligence into analysis software could eliminate observer bias and provide guidance on microvascular-targeted treatment options. In addition, to gain caregiver confidence and support for the need to monitor the microcirculation, it is necessary to demonstrate that incorporating microcirculation analysis into the reasoning guiding hemodynamic resuscitation prevents organ dysfunction and improves the outcome of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duranteau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM UMR-S 999, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - D De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, CHIREC Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe 201, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Donadello
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit B, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, University Hospital Integrated Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - N I Shapiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S D Hutchings
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Academic Department of Military Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Rovas
- Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - M Legrand
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - A Harrois
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM UMR-S 999, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C Ince
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Huizenga JM, Semprini L. Fluorescent spectroscopy paired with parallel factor analysis for quantitative monitoring of phenanthrene biodegradation and metabolite formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137771. [PMID: 36621684 PMCID: PMC9892308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental contaminants released into the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources that are associated with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic health effects. Many remediation strategies for the treatment of PAH contaminated material, including bioremediation, can lead to the formation of toxic transformation products. Analytical techniques for PAHs and PAH transformation products often require extensive sample preparation including solvent extraction and concentration, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometry to identify and quantify compounds of interest. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescent spectroscopy paired with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is an approach for analyzing PAHs that eliminates the need for extensive sample preparation and separation techniques before analysis. However, this technique has rarely been applied to monitoring PAH biotransformation and formation of PAH metabolites. The objectives of this research were to compare an established targeted analytical method to two-dimensional fluorescent spectroscopy and combined EEM-PARAFAC methods to monitor phenanthrene degradation by a bacterial pure culture, Mycobacterium Strain ELW1, identify and quantify phenanthrene transformation products, and derive kinetic constants for phenanthrene degradation and metabolite formation. Both phenanthrene and its primary transformation product, trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, were identified and quantified with the EEM-PARAFAC method. The value of the EEM-PARAFAC method was demonstrated in the superiority of sensitivity and accuracy of quantification to two-dimensional fluorescent spectroscopy. Quantification of targets and derivation of kinetic constants using the EEM-PARAFAC method were validated with an established gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to use an EEM-PARAFAC method to monitor, identify, and quantify both PAH biodegradation and PAH metabolite formation by a bacterial pure culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Huizenga
- Oregon State University, School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, 105 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lewis Semprini
- Oregon State University, School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, 105 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Non-Invasive Assessment of Vascular Circulation Based on Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030385. [PMID: 36979077 PMCID: PMC10044925 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) is a new non-invasive method for assessing vascular circulation and/or metabolic regulation. It enables assessment of both vasoconstriction and vasodilation. The method measures stimulation of the circulation in response to post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH). It analyzes the dynamical changes in the emission of NADH fluorescence from skin tissue, providing the information on mitochondrial metabolic status and intracellular oxygen delivery through the circulatory system. Assessment of the vascular state using the FMSF technique is based on three parameters: reactive hyperemia response (RHR), hypoxia sensitivity (HS), and normoxia oscillatory index (NOI). The RHR and HS parameters determine the risk of vascular circulatory disorders and are the main diagnostic parameters. The NOI parameter is an auxiliary parameter for evaluating the state of microcirculation under stress of various origins (e.g., emotional stress, physical exhaustion, or post-infection stress). The clinical data show that the risk of vascular complications is limited among people whose RHR, log(HS), and NOI parameters are not significantly below the mean values determined by the FMSF technique, especially if they simultaneously meet the conditions RHR > 30% and log(HS) > 1.5 (HS > 30), and NOI > 60%.
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Pawlak-Chomicka R, Chomicki W, Krauze T, Uruski P, Guzik M, Piskorski J, Tykarski A, Guzik P. Investigating the Ischaemic Phase of Skin NADH Fluorescence Dynamics in Recently Diagnosed Primary Hypertension: A Time Series Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041247. [PMID: 36835783 PMCID: PMC9961528 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is crucial in cellular metabolism. During hypoxia, NADH accumulation results from anaerobic cytoplasmic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial function. This study aimed to compare the dynamic changes in the 460-nm forearm skin fluorescence, which reflects cellular NADH content, during transient ischaemia between healthy individuals and patients with newly diagnosed, untreated essential hypertension (HA). Sixteen healthy volunteers and sixty-five patients with HA underwent non-invasive measurement of forearm skin NADH content using the Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) method at rest and during a 100-s transient ischaemia induced by inflation of the brachial cuff. The fluorescent signal was sampled at 25 Hz. All samples were normalised to the end of the ischaemic phase, which is the most stable phase of the whole recording. Slope values of 1 s linear regressions were determined for every 25-sample neighbouring set. The 1-s slopes in the early phase of skin ischaemia, indicating quicker hypoxia-induced NADH accumulation in skin, were significantly higher in patients with HA than in healthy individuals. These findings suggest that some protecting mechanisms postponing the early consequences of early cellular hypoxia and premature NADH accumulation during skin ischaemia are impaired in patients with untreated HA. Further studies are needed to investigate this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Pawlak-Chomicka
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618549090
| | - Wojciech Chomicki
- Department of Physics of Functional Materials, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krauze
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Uruski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Guzik
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jarosław Piskorski
- Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Guzik
- Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Gorbunova IA, Sasin ME, Yachkov DV, Volkov DA, Vedyaykin AD, Nikiforov AA, Vasyutinskii OS. Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence of NADH-Alcohol Dehydrogenase Complex in a Mixture with Bacterial Enzymes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020256. [PMID: 36830625 PMCID: PMC9953378 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thorough study of composition and fluorescence properties of a commercial reagent of active equine NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase expressed and purified from E. coli has been carried out. Several experimental methods: spectral- and time-resolved two-photon excited fluorescence, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fast protein liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry were used for analysis. The reagent under study was found to contain also a number of natural fluorophores: free NAD(P)H, NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase, NADPH-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and pyridoxal 5-phosphate-serine hydroxymethyltransferase complexes. The results obtained demonstrated the potential and limitations of popular optical methods as FLIM for separation of fluorescence signals from free and protein-bound forms of NADH, NADPH, and FAD that are essential coenzymes in redox reactions in all living cells. In particular, NADH-alcohol dehydrogenase and NADPH-isocitrate dehydrogenase complexes could not be optically separated in our experimental conditions although fast protein liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis undoubtedly indicated the presence of both enzymes in the molecular sample used. Also, the results of fluorescence, fast protein liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a significant contribution of the enzyme-bound coenzyme pyridoxal 5-phosphate to the fluorescence signal that could be separated from enzyme-bound NADH by using bandpass filters, but could effectively mask contribution from enzyme-bound FAD because the fluorescence spectra of the species practically overlapped. It was shown that enzyme-bound pyridoxal 5-phosphate fluorescence can be separated from enzyme-bound NAD(P)H and FAD through analysis of short fluorescence decay times of about tens of picoseconds. However, this analysis was found to be effective only at relatively high number of peak photon counts in recorded fluorescence signals. The results obtained in this study can be used for interpretation of fluorescence signals from a mixture of enzyme-bound fluorophores and should be taken into consideration when determining the intracellular NADH/FAD ratio using FLIM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitry V. Yachkov
- Ioffe Intstitute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | | | - Alexei D. Vedyaykin
- Institute of Nanobiotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Vasyutinskii
- Ioffe Intstitute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-981-802-7376
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Characterization of conidial autofluorescence in powdery mildew. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12084. [PMID: 36544848 PMCID: PMC9761720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autofluorescence is produced by endogenous fluorophores, such as NAD(P)H, lipofuscin, melanin, and riboflavin, indicating the accumulation of substances and the state of energy metabolism in organisms. As an obligate parasite, powdery mildew is wildly spread by air and parasitic crops. However, most identification studies have been based on morphology and molecular biology which were far too time- and labor-consuming, thus lacking characteristic, simple, and effective means. Using microscopy under the blue and cyan channels, we elaborated visible conidial autofluorescence in three powdery mildew species, Erysiphe quercicola, E. cichoracearum, and Podosphaera hibiscicola, with a sharp increase during the conidia senescence in E. quercicola. Additionally, the main spectral excitation detected by fluorescence spectrometery was 375 nm for these species, with a common emission peak at approximately 458-463 nm, and an additional trend at 487 nm for P. hibiscicola. Because NAD(P)H has a similar spectral feature, we further investigated the relation between NAD(P)H and conidial autofluorescence by fluorescence spectra. We observed that the reduced coenzymes prominently contributed to conidial autofluorescence; however, the conidial autofluorescence in P. hibiscicola displayed a different trend that may be affected by the oxidized coenzyme -NAD. Finally, the normalized average spectra of these three powdery mildew species and standard samples showed that the spectral trend of each species was similar but that the features in detail were specific and distinct based on principal component analysis. In conclusion, we showed and characterized conidial autofluorescence in three powdery mildew species for the first time. The specific conidial autofluorescence in these species provides a new idea for the development of field spore capture and identification devices for the discrimination of powdery mildew at the species level.
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12
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Lim SY, Jang JI, Yoon H, Kim HM. Spectroscopic Study of Time-Varying Optical Redox Ratio in NADH/FAD Solution. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9840-9849. [PMID: 36399328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence imaging has been widely applied as advanced noninvasive diagnostics for in vivo and ex vivo tissues. The optical redox ratio (ORR), which is defined as the fluorescence intensity ratio between reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), has been used as a diagnostic parameter strongly, because NADH and FAD play an important role in energetic and respiratory metabolism as coenzymes. The ORR method has provided successful assessment in cancer diagnosis including breast, cervical, and oral cancer; few studies have been reported about optical and chemical interference between two molecules resulting in a change in ORR values. In this study, we investigated the variations in ORR values of NADH/FAD mixtures dissolved in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, phosphate buffer, and deionized water environments. In vitro solutions were prepared in various concentration ratios and the experimental and theoretical ORR values were obtained from fluorescence and absorption spectra in time series. Based on the spectroscopic analysis, we concluded that the inner filter effect causes an instant decrease in FAD fluorescence just after dissolution and that the oxidation-reduction coupled with oxygenation reaction results in time-varying decreases in NADH fluorescence and FAD emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeong Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongman Yoon
- Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li T, Zou Y, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Monitoring NAD(H) and NADP(H) dynamics during organismal development with genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors. CELL REGENERATION 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 35103852 PMCID: PMC8807777 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell metabolism plays vital roles in organismal development, but it has been much less studied than transcriptional and epigenetic control of developmental programs. The difficulty might be largely attributed to the lack of in situ metabolite assays. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for noninvasive metabolic monitoring in living cells and in vivo by highly spatiotemporal visualization. Among all living organisms, the NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools are essential for maintaining redox homeostasis and for modulating cellular metabolism. Here, we introduce NAD(H) and NADP(H) biosensors, present example assays in developing organisms, and describe promising prospects for how sensors contribute to developmental biology research.
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14
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Bouchendhomme T, Soret M, Grard T, Lencel P. Differentiating between fresh and frozen-thawed fish fillets by muscle fibre permeability measurement. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Hartmann P, Schnabl B. Inexpensive, Accurate, and Stable Method to Quantitate Blood Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Levels. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:81. [PMID: 36287053 PMCID: PMC9610295 DOI: 10.3390/mps5050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are frequently determined in serum and plasma samples and are a primary measure to quantitate hepatocellular injury in rodents, humans, and other organisms. An accurate, reliable, and scalable assay is hence of central importance. Here, we describe a methodology that fulfills those requirements, and demonstrates an excellent performance similar to a commercial ALT kit, with a long stable performance over several subsequent runs. Further, anticoagulation of blood samples with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or heparin results in similar ALT concentrations with this assay, whereas no anticoagulation significantly increases ALT levels. Mild hemolysis does not significantly increase ALT levels; however, moderate to severe hemolysis does lead to higher ALT levels. The assay provides stable results over a wide range of associated triglyceride concentrations that can be expected in serum and plasma samples from rodents and humans with dyslipidemia. It also performs well in diluted samples with a reduction of ALT levels corresponding to the factor used to dilute the samples. The described ALT reagent is also very affordable, costing less than 1/80 of comparable commercial kits. Based on the characteristics above, this methodology is suitable for a broad spectrum of applications in mice and possibly humans, where ALT concentrations need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0984, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123-5030, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0063, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161-0002, USA
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16
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Yao L, Yin C, Huo F. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Several Abnormally Expressed Substances in Tumors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1328. [PMID: 36014250 PMCID: PMC9412406 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors have always been the biggest problem facing human survival, and a huge number of people die from cancer every year. Therefore, the identification and detection of malignant tumors have far-reaching significance for human survival and development. Some substances are abnormally expressed in tumors, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitroreductase (NTR), pH, biothiols (GSH, Cys, Hcy), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen sulfide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and NADH. Consequently, it is of great value to diagnose and treat malignant tumors due to the identification and detection of these substances. Compared with traditional tumor detection methods, fluorescence imaging technology has the advantages of an inexpensive cost, fast detection and high sensitivity. Herein, we mainly introduce the research progress of fluorescent probes for identifying and detecting abnormally expressed substances in several tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yao
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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17
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Koju N, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in redox balance and diseases: a friend or foe? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1889-1904. [PMID: 35017669 PMCID: PMC9343382 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) redox couples function as cofactors or/and substrates for numerous enzymes to retain cellular redox balance and energy metabolism. Thus, maintaining cellular NADH and NADPH balance is critical for sustaining cellular homeostasis. The sources of NADPH generation might determine its biological effects. Newly-recognized biosynthetic enzymes and genetically encoded biosensors help us better understand how cells maintain biosynthesis and distribution of compartmentalized NAD(H) and NADP(H) pools. It is essential but challenging to distinguish how cells sustain redox couple pools to perform their integral functions and escape redox stress. However, it is still obscure whether NADPH is detrimental or beneficial as either deficiency or excess in cellular NADPH levels disturbs cellular redox state and metabolic homeostasis leading to redox stress, energy stress, and eventually, to the disease state. Additional study of the pathways and regulatory mechanisms of NADPH generation in different compartments, and the means by which NADPH plays a role in various diseases, will provide innovative insights into its roles in human health and may find a value of NADPH for the treatment of certain diseases including aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, ischemic stroke, diabetes, obesity, cancer, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Koju
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Zheng-hong Qin
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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18
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Wang J, Zhen Z, Wang Y, Wu R, Hu Y, Fu Q, Li Y, Xin B, Song J, Li J, Ren Y, Feng L, Cheng H, Wang A, Hu L, Ling S, Li Y. Non-Invasive Skin Imaging Assessment of Human Stress During Head-Down Bed Rest Using a Portable Handheld Two-Photon Microscope. Front Physiol 2022; 13:899830. [PMID: 35957987 PMCID: PMC9358145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.899830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight presents a series of physiological and pathological challenges to astronauts resulting from ionizing radiation, microgravity, isolation, and other spaceflight hazards. These risks cause a series of aging-related diseases associated with increased oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction. The skin contains many autofluorescent substances, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), keratin, melanin, elastin, and collagen, which reflect physiological and pathological changes in vivo. In this study, we used a portable handheld two-photon microscope to conduct high-resolution in vivo skin imaging on volunteers during 15 days of head-down bed rest. The two-photon microscope, equipped with a flexible handheld scanning head, was used to measure two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images of the left forearm, left front chest, and forehead of volunteers. Changes in TPEF, SHG, and the extended SHG-to-AF(TPEF) aging index of the dermis (SAAID) were measured. It was found that TPEF intensity increased during bed rest and was restored to normal levels after recovery. Meanwhile, SHG increased slightly during bed rest, and the skin aging index increased. Moreover, we found the skin TPEF signals of the left forearm were significantly negatively associated with the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2′-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) values of subjects during head-down bed rest. Meanwhile, the SHG signals were also significantly negatively correlated with MDA and 8-OHDG. A significant negative correlation between the extended SAAID of the left chest and serum antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels was also found. These results demonstrate that skin autofluorescence signals can reflect changes in human oxidant status. This study provides evidence for in-orbit monitoring of changes in human stress using a portable handheld two-photon microscope for skin imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Bio-Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Bio-Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingmu Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Human Circadian Rhythm and Sleep, Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Ren
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lishuang Feng
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Hu
- Department of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Hu, ; Shukuan Ling, ; Yingxian Li,
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Hu, ; Shukuan Ling, ; Yingxian Li,
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liming Hu, ; Shukuan Ling, ; Yingxian Li,
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19
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Rehman AU, Qureshi SA. Quantitative auto-fluorescence quenching of free and bound NADH in HeLa cell line model with Carbonyl cyanide-p-Trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone (FCCP) as quenching agent. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102954. [PMID: 35690321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The autofluorescence of endogenous biomolecules (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, its reduced form NADH and the phosphorylated form NAD(P)H take part in cellular metabolic pathways and has vital importance for in vivo and ex vivo photo diagnostic applications of biological tissues. We present a detailed quenching analysis of Carbonyl cyanide-p-Trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone (FCCP) 50-1000 µM and analyzed the fluorescence signal from NADH/ NAD(P)H in vitro (in solution) and in vivo (HeLa cell suspension).The in vitro samples of pure NADH/ NAD(P)H were excited at λ=340±1 nm while the fluorescence signal was collected in the range of 400-550 nm. The quenching process was characterized using excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and Stern- Volmer plots. The experimental results illustrated maximum fluorescence emission for the control NADH samples (i.e., no FCCP), while the fluorescence signal from the solution progressively decreased with the increasing concentration of the FCCP, until it reaches the base line (i.e., no fluorescence signal) at 1000 µM of FCCP. In vitro study shows that the fluorescence quenching of free NADH was found to be lower than the bound NAD(P)H with similar diminishing trend. The quenching of bound NAD(P)H in cells is attenuated compared to solution quenching possibly due to a contribution from the metabolic/antioxidant response in cells and fluorescence exponential decay curve lies between plated and suspended HeLa cells. A two-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of NAD(P)H was observed after the bond formation with L-Malate Dehydrogenase (L-MDH, Sigma Aldrich #10127248001) protein This work has applications for sharp tumor demarcation during sensitive surgical procedures as well as to enhance fluorescence based diagnosis of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul Rehman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Agri & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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20
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Hof S, Marcus C, Kuebart A, Schulz J, Truse R, Raupach A, Bauer I, Flögel U, Picker O, Herminghaus A, Temme S. A Toolbox to Investigate the Impact of Impaired Oxygen Delivery in Experimental Disease Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:869372. [PMID: 35652064 PMCID: PMC9149176 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.869372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired oxygen utilization is the underlying pathophysiological process in different shock states. Clinically most important are septic and hemorrhagic shock, which comprise more than 75% of all clinical cases of shock. Both forms lead to severe dysfunction of the microcirculation and the mitochondria that can cause or further aggravate tissue damage and inflammation. However, the detailed mechanisms of acute and long-term effects of impaired oxygen utilization are still elusive. Importantly, a defective oxygen exploitation can impact multiple organs simultaneously and organ damage can be aggravated due to intense organ cross-talk or the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. Complexity is further increased through a large heterogeneity in the human population, differences in genetics, age and gender, comorbidities or disease history. To gain a deeper understanding of the principles, mechanisms, interconnections and consequences of impaired oxygen delivery and utilization, interdisciplinary preclinical as well as clinical research is required. In this review, we provide a "tool-box" that covers widely used animal disease models for septic and hemorrhagic shock and methods to determine the structure and function of the microcirculation as well as mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we suggest magnetic resonance imaging as a multimodal imaging platform to noninvasively assess the consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on organ function, cell metabolism, alterations in tissue textures or inflammation. Combining structural and functional analyses of oxygen delivery and utilization in animal models with additional data obtained by multiparametric MRI-based techniques can help to unravel mechanisms underlying immediate effects as well as long-term consequences of impaired oxygen delivery on multiple organs and may narrow the gap between experimental preclinical research and the human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hof
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Marcus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard Truse
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hu W, Qiang T, Chai L, Liang T, Ren L, Cheng F, Li C, James TD. Simultaneous tracking of autophagy and oxidative stress during stroke with an ICT-TBET integrated ratiometric two-photon platform. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5363-5373. [PMID: 35655567 PMCID: PMC9093177 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, fluorescent probes exhibiting simultaneous responses to multiple targets have been developed for in situ, real-time monitoring of cellular metabolism using two photon fluorescence sensing techniques due to numerous advantages including ease of operation, rapid reporting, high resolution, long visualization time and being non-invasive. However, due to interference from different fluorescence channels during simultaneous monitoring of multiple targets and the lack of ratiometric capability amongst the available probes, the accuracy in tracing metabolic processes has been restricted. With this research, using a through-bond energy transfer (TBET) mechanism, we designed a viscosity and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) mitochondria-targeting two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe Mito-ONOO. Our results indicated that with decreasing levels of mitochondrial viscosity and increasing levels of ONOO-, the maximum of the emission wavelength of the probe shifted from 621 nm to 495 nm under 810 nm two-photon excitation. The baselines for the two emission peaks were significantly separated (Δλ = 126 nm), improving the resolution and reliability of bioimaging. Moreover, by ratiometric analysis during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R, commonly used to simulate cell ischemia/reperfusion injury), the real-time visualization of the metabolic processes of autophagy and oxidative stress was possible. Our research indicated that during cellular oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation, cells produce ONOO-, causing cellular oxidative stress and cellular autophagy after 15 min, as such Mito-ONOO exhibits the potential for the monitoring and diagnosis of stroke, as well as providing insight into potential treatments, and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Taotao Qiang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Li Chai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Tianyu Liang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Longfang Ren
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Fei Cheng
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Bath BA27AY UK .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
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22
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The Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on NADH in Newly Diagnosed Primary Hypertension. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:6159883. [PMID: 35402043 PMCID: PMC8989586 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6159883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some antihypertensive medications alter cellular energy production, presumably by modification of the mitochondrial function. In vivo studies of such effects are challenging in humans. We applied a noninvasive forearm skin measurement of the 460-nm fluorescence specific for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to study the 6-week effects of four different antihypertensive medications on mitochondrial function using the Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF). Methods In a prospective open-label study, we compared the long-term effects of a 6-week treatment with either amlodipine (5 mg), perindopril (5 mg), nebivolol (5 mg), or metoprolol (50 mg) on the dynamic flow-mediated changes in the skin NADH content in 76 patients (29 women) with untreated primary arterial hypertension (HA). Patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. To study mitochondrial function, the FMSF was measured at rest, during 100-second ischemia and postischemic reperfusion. The control group consisted of 18 healthy people (7 women). Results There were no significant differences in the FMSF parameters between the control and the study group before medication. After the 6-week treatment, all drugs similarly reduced blood pressure. Neither amlodipine, perindopril, nor nebivolol changed the flow-mediated 460-nm skin fluorescence significantly. However, metoprolol raised this fluorescence at rest, during ischemia and reperfusion (P at most <0.05), indicating an increase in the total NADH skin content. Conclusion Amlodipine, perindopril, and nebivolol appear neutral for the skin NADH content during the 6-week antihypertensive treatment. Similar treatment with metoprolol increased skin NADH at rest, during ischemia and reperfusion, probably due to an effect on microcirculation and altered mitochondrial function. Explanation of the potential mechanisms behind metoprolol influence on the skin NADH metabolism requires further investigation.
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Wanner N, Barnhart J, Apostolakis N, Zlojutro V, Asosingh K. Using the Autofluorescence Finder on the Sony ID7000 TM Spectral Cell Analyzer to Identify and Unmix Multiple Highly Autofluorescent Murine Lung Populations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:827987. [PMID: 35372303 PMCID: PMC8965042 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.827987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autofluorescence (AF) is a feature of all cell types, though some have more than others. In tissues with complex heterogeneous cellularity, AF is frequently a source of high background, masking faint fluorescent signals and reducing the available dynamic range of detectors for detecting fluorescence signals from markers of interest in a flow cytometry panel. Pulmonary flow cytometry presents unique challenges because lung cells are heterogeneous and contain varying amounts of high AF. The goal of this study was to demonstrate how a novel AF Finder tool on the Sony ID7000™ Spectral Cell Analyzer can be used to identify and screen multiple AF subsets in complex highly AF tissues like murine lungs. In lung single cell suspensions, the AF Finder tool identified four distinct AF spectra from six highly AF subsets. The subtraction of these distinct AF spectra resulted in a resolution increase by several log decades in several fluorescent channels. The major immune and lung tissue resident cells in a murine model of asthma were easily identified in a multi-color panel using AF subtraction. The findings demonstrate the practicality of the AF Finder tool, particularly when analyzing samples with multiple AF populations of varying intensities, in order to reduce fluorescence background and increase signal resolution in spectral flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wanner
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Nicholas Apostolakis
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Violetta Zlojutro
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Flow Cytometry Core, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Lee JK, Suh HN, Yoon SH, Lee KH, Ahn SY, Kim HJ, Kim SH. Non-Destructive Monitoring via Electrochemical NADH Detection in Murine Cells. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:107. [PMID: 35200367 PMCID: PMC8869533 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an important cofactor involved in metabolic redox reactions in living cells. The detection of NADH in living animal cells is a challenge. We developed a one-step monitoring method for NADH via an electrocatalytic reaction that uses a surface-modified, screen-printed electrode (SPE) having a redox active monolayer 4'-mercapto-N-phenlyquinone diamine (NPQD) formed by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of an aromatic thiol, 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). This electrode has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.49 μM and a sensitivity of 0.0076 ± 0.0006 μM/μA in cell culture media, which indicates that it retains its selectivity. The applicability of this NADH sensor was demonstrated for the first time by cell viability monitoring via NADH-sensing in cell culture supernatants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Kyung Lee
- Department of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea;
| | - Han Na Suh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.N.S.); (S.H.Y.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Sung Hoon Yoon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.N.S.); (S.H.Y.); (K.H.L.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Kyu Hong Lee
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (H.N.S.); (S.H.Y.); (K.H.L.)
| | - Sae Young Ahn
- NDD Inc., Gumi 39253, Korea;
- Fuzbien Technology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Kim
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39253, Korea;
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Department of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea;
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Flores-Cotera LB, Chávez-Cabrera C, Martínez-Cárdenas A, Sánchez S, García-Flores OU. Deciphering the mechanism by which the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma responds adaptively to environmental, nutritional, and genetic cues. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab048. [PMID: 34302341 PMCID: PMC8788774 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that synthesizes astaxanthin (ASX), which is a powerful and highly valuable antioxidant carotenoid pigment. P. rhodozyma cells accrue ASX and gain an intense red-pink coloration when faced with stressful conditions such as nutrient limitations (e.g., nitrogen or copper), the presence of toxic substances (e.g., antimycin A), or are affected by mutations in the genes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism or respiration. Since cellular accrual of ASX occurs under a wide variety of conditions, this yeast represents a valuable model for studying the growth conditions that entail oxidative stress for yeast cells. Recently, we proposed that ASX synthesis can be largely induced by conditions that lead to reduction-oxidation (redox) imbalances, particularly the state of the NADH/NAD+ couple together with an oxidative environment. In this work, we review the multiple known conditions that elicit ASX synthesis expanding on the data that we formerly examined. When considered alongside the Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis, the study served to rationalize the induction of ASX synthesis and other adaptive cellular processes under a much broader set of conditions. Our aim was to propose an underlying mechanism that explains how a broad range of divergent conditions converge to induce ASX synthesis in P. rhodozyma. The mechanism that links the induction of ASX synthesis with the occurrence of NADH/NAD+ imbalances may help in understanding how other organisms detect any of a broad array of stimuli or gene mutations, and then adaptively respond to activate numerous compensatory cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Cipriano Chávez-Cabrera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Anahi Martínez-Cárdenas
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México city 04510, México
| | - Oscar Ulises García-Flores
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México city 07360, México
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26
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Passarella S, Schurr A, Portincasa P. Mitochondrial Transport in Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis: Achievements and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312620. [PMID: 34884425 PMCID: PMC8657705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some metabolic pathways involve two different cell components, for instance, cytosol and mitochondria, with metabolites traffic occurring from cytosol to mitochondria and vice versa, as seen in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. However, the knowledge on the role of mitochondrial transport within these two glucose metabolic pathways remains poorly understood, due to controversial information available in published literature. In what follows, we discuss achievements, knowledge gaps, and perspectives on the role of mitochondrial transport in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. We firstly describe the experimental approaches for quick and easy investigation of mitochondrial transport, with respect to cell metabolic diversity. In addition, we depict the mitochondrial shuttles by which NADH formed in glycolysis is oxidized, the mitochondrial transport of phosphoenolpyruvate in the light of the occurrence of the mitochondrial pyruvate kinase, and the mitochondrial transport and metabolism of L-lactate due to the L-lactate translocators and to the mitochondrial L-lactate dehydrogenase located in the inner mitochondrial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Passarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3293606374
| | - Avital Schurr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Horii S, Yada H, Ito K, Tsujita K, Osaki A, Kagami K, Sato A, Kimura T, Yasuda R, Toya T, Namba T, Nagatomo Y, Ido Y, Miyazaki K, Masaki N, Ishihara M, Takase B, Adachi T. Artificially Created Reentry Circuit by Laser Irradiation Causes Atrial Tachycardia to Persist in Murine Atria. Circ J 2021; 86:319-329. [PMID: 34544960 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a gradual progression from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans. To elucidate the mechanism involved, the creation of an artificial atrial substrate to persist AF in mice was attempted.Methods and Results:This study used wild type (WT) mice, but it is difficult to induce AF in them. A novel antegrade perfusion method from the left ventricle (LV) to enlarge both atria for artificial atrial modification was proposed in this study. Short duration AF was induced by burst pacing under this method. Optical mapping analysis revealed non-sustained focal type and meandering spiral reentrants after short duration AF. A tiny artificial substrate (~1.2 mm in diameter) was added in by laser irradiation to create a critical atrial arrhythmogenic substrate. Burst pacing was performed in a non-laser group (n=8), a circular-shape laser group (n=8), and a wedge-shaped dent laser group (n=8). We defined AF and atrial tachycardia (AT) as atrial arrhythmia (AA). Long-lasting AA was defined as lasting for ≥30 min. Long-lasting AA was observed in 0/8, 0/8, and 6/8 (75%) mice in each group. Optical mapping analysis revealed that the mechanism was AT with a stationary rotor around the irradiated margin. CONCLUSIONS Regrettably, this study failed to reproduce persistent AF, but succeeded in creating an arrhythmic substrate that causes sustained AT in WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Horii
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Hirotaka Yada
- Department of Cardiology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital
| | - Kei Ito
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Kazuhiro Tsujita
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College
| | - Ayumu Osaki
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Kazuki Kagami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | | | - Risako Yasuda
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Takayuki Namba
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
| | - Koji Miyazaki
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Miya Ishihara
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College
| | - Bonpei Takase
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College
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28
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Xie W, Xu R, Fan C, Yang C, Chen H, Cao Y. 900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells. Front Public Health 2021; 9:724239. [PMID: 34513791 PMCID: PMC8428517 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.724239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether exposure of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields used in mobile communication devices can induce mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Methods: BMSCs were exposed to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields (RF) at 120 μW/cm2 power intensity for 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days. Cells in sham group (SH) were cultured in RF exposure system, but without RF radiation. The positive control cells were irradiated with 6 Gy X-ray at a dose rate of 1.103 Gy/min (XR). To inhibit the upstream molecular JNK2 of UPRmt, cells in siRNA + RF, and siRNA + XR group were also pretreated with 100 nM siRNA-JNK2 for 48 h before RF/XR exposure. Thirty minutes, 4 h, and 24 h post-RF/XR exposure, cells were collected, the level of ROS was measured with flow cytometry, the expression levels of UPRmt-related proteins were detected using western blot analysis. Results: Compared with Sham group, the level of ROS in RF and XR group was significantly increased 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of ROS level reversed 24 h post-RF/XR exposure. Compared with Sham group, the expression levels of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP proteins in cells of RF and XR group increased significantly 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels reversed 24 h post-RF exposure. After interfering with siRNA-JNK2, the RF/XR exposures could not induce the increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels any more. Conclusions: The exposure of 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm2 power flux density could increase ROS level and activate a transient UPRmt in BMSC cells. Mitochondrial homeostasis in term of protein folding ability is restored 24 h post-RF exposure. Exposure to RF in our experimental condition did not cause permanent and severe mitochondrial dysfunctions. However, the detailed underlying molecular mechanism of RF-induced UPRmt remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Fan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, China
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29
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Time-Resolved Imaging of Mitochondrial Flavin Fluorescence and Its Applications for Evaluating the Oxidative State in Living Cardiac Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34118053 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1262-0_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence spectrometry is a highly valuable technological tool to detect and characterize mitochondrial metabolic oxidative changes by means of endogenous fluorescence. Here, we describe detection and measurement of endogenous mitochondrial flavin fluorescence directly in living cardiac cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) after excitation with 473 nm picoseconds (ps) laser. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) method is employed.
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30
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Alberca RW, Gomes E, Moretti EH, Russo M, Steiner AA. Naturally occurring hypothermia promotes survival in severe anaphylaxis. Immunol Lett 2021; 237:27-32. [PMID: 34245741 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although hypothermia has received substantial attention as an indicator of severity in anaphylaxis, it has been neglected from the perspective of whether it could act as a disease-modifying factor in this condition. Here, the impact of naturally occurring (spontaneous) hypothermia on anaphylaxis was evaluated in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy. Nonextreme changes in the ambient temperature (Ta) were used to modulate the magnitude of spontaneous hypothermia. At a Ta of 24°C, challenge with OVA intraperitoneally or intravenously resulted in a rapid, transient fall in body core temperature, which reached its nadir 4-6°C below baseline in 30 min. This hypothermic response was largely attenuated when the mice were kept at a Ta of 34°C. The Ta-dependent attenuation of hypothermia resulted in a survival rate of only 30%, as opposed to survival of 100% in the condition that favored the development of hypothermia. The protective effect of hypothermia did not involve changes in the rate of mast cell degranulation, as assessed by the concentration of mast cell protease-1 in bodily fluids. On the other hand, hypothermia improved oxygenation of the brain and kidneys, as indicated by higher NAD+/NADH ratios. Therefore, it is plausible to propose that naturally occurring hypothermia makes organs more resistant to the anaphylactic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo W Alberca
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H Moretti
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508, Brazil.
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Assessment of microvascular function and pharmacological regulation in genetically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104216. [PMID: 34182004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic lipid disorder leading to accelerated atherosclerosis, premature cardiovascular disease and death. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest vascular pathology manifestations and may precede symptomatic atherosclerosis. METHODS In this paper, microvascular endothelial function was assessed in FH patients and healthy controls using flow mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF), based on measurements of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence intensity during brachial artery occlusion (ischemic response, IR) and immediately after occlusion (hyperemic response, HR). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) were used to assess its relation with microvascular parameters evaluated in vivo. RESULTS LDL-C levels were significantly correlated to both HRmax (r = -0.548, p = 0.001) and HRindex (r = -0.514, p = 0.003). Similarly, there was a significant inverse correlation of TC levels and both HRmax (r = -0.538, p = 0.002) and HRindex (r = -0.512, p = 0.003). All FMSF parameters were found lower in FH patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Hyperemic response (HRmax) was significantly higher in FH patients examined on statins compared to those without any lipid-lowering treatment (19.9 ± 3.1 vs. 16.4 ± 4.2 respectively, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that, in patients with FH, microvascular endothelial-dependent hyperemic response is impaired and inversely correlated to plasma cholesterol levels. Microvascular function was found better in FH patients receiving statins.
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Tandon I, Quinn KP, Balachandran K. Label-Free Multiphoton Microscopy for the Detection and Monitoring of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:688513. [PMID: 34179147 PMCID: PMC8226007 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.688513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease. CAVD results in a considerable socio-economic burden, especially considering the aging population in Europe and North America. The only treatment standard is surgical valve replacement as early diagnostic, mitigation, and drug strategies remain underdeveloped. Novel diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of CAVD progression are thus a pressing need. Additionally, non-destructive tools are required for longitudinal in vitro and in vivo assessment of CAVD initiation and progression that can be translated into clinical practice in the future. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) facilitates label-free and non-destructive imaging to obtain quantitative, optical biomarkers that have been shown to correlate with key events during CAVD progression. MPM can also be used to obtain spatiotemporal readouts of metabolic changes that occur in the cells. While cellular metabolism has been extensively explored for various cardiovascular disorders like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure, and has shown potential in elucidating key pathophysiological processes in heart valve diseases, it has yet to gain traction in the study of CAVD. Furthermore, MPM also provides structural, functional, and metabolic readouts that have the potential to correlate with key pathophysiological events in CAVD progression. This review outlines the applicability of MPM and its derived quantitative metrics for the detection and monitoring of early CAVD progression. The review will further focus on the MPM-detectable metabolic biomarkers that correlate with key biological events during valve pathogenesis and their potential role in assessing CAVD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Tandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Cannon TM, Lagarto JL, Dyer BT, Garcia E, Kelly DJ, Peters NS, Lyon AR, French PMW, Dunsby C. Characterization of NADH fluorescence properties under one-photon excitation with respect to temperature, pH, and binding to lactate dehydrogenase. OSA CONTINUUM 2021; 4:1610-1625. [PMID: 34458690 PMCID: PMC8367293 DOI: 10.1364/osac.423082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is the principal electron donor in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism and is thus recognized as a key biomarker for probing metabolic state. While the fluorescence characteristics of NADH have been investigated extensively, there are discrepancies in the published data due to diverse experimental conditions, instrumentation and microenvironmental parameters that can affect NADH fluorescence. Using a cuvette-based time-resolved spectrofluorimeter employing one-photon excitation at 375 nm, we characterized the fluorescence intensity, lifetime, spectral response, anisotropy and time-resolved anisotropy of NADH in aqueous solution under varying microenvironmental conditions, namely temperature, pH, and binding to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Our results demonstrate how temperature, pH, and binding partners each impact the fluorescence signature of NADH and highlight the complexity of the fluorescence data when different parameters produce competing effects. We hope that the data presented in this study will provide a reference for potential sources of variation in experiments measuring NADH fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Cannon
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Joao L. Lagarto
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work and are listed in alphabetical order
| | - Benjamin T. Dyer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Edwin Garcia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Douglas J. Kelly
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicholas S. Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Chris Dunsby
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
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34
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Nizinski J, Filberek P, Sibrecht G, Krauze T, Zielinski J, Piskorski J, Wykretowicz A, Guzik P. Non-invasive in vivo human model of post-ischaemic skin preconditioning by measurement of flow-mediated 460-nm autofluorescence. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:4283-4292. [PMID: 33792076 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transient ischaemia and reperfusion (TIAR) induce early ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) in different tissues and organs, including the skin. IPC protects tissues by modifying the mitochondrial function and decreasing the amount of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Skin 460-nm autofluorescence is proportional to the NADH content and can be non-invasively measured during TIAR. We propose a non-invasive in vivo human model of skin IPC for studying the effects of repeated TIARs on the NADH content. METHODS Fifty-one apparently healthy volunteers (36 women) underwent three 100-second forearm ischaemia episodes induced by inflation of brachial pressure cuff to the pressure of 60 mmHg above systolic blood pressure, followed by 500-second long reperfusion episodes. Changes in skin NADH content were measured using 460-nm fluorescence before and during each of the three TIARs. RESULTS The first two TIARs caused a significant reduction in the skin NADH content before (P = .0065) and during the third ischaemia (P = .0011) and reperfusion (P = .0003) up to 3.0%. During the third TIAR, the increase in skin NADH was 20% lower than during the first ischaemia (P = .0474). CONCLUSIONS The measurement of the 460-nm fluorescence during repeated TIARs allows for a non-invasive in vivo investigation of human skin IPC. Although IPC reduces the overall NADH skin content, the most noticeable NADH reduction appears during ischaemia after earlier TIARs. Studying the skin model of IPC may provide new avenues for in vivo physiological, clinical and pharmacological research on mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nizinski
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Filberek
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Greta Sibrecht
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krauze
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielinski
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Wykretowicz
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Guzik
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Kargaran PK, Mosqueira D, Kozicz T. Mitochondrial Medicine: Genetic Underpinnings and Disease Modeling Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:604581. [PMID: 33585579 PMCID: PMC7874022 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.604581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine is an exciting and rapidly evolving field. While the mitochondrial genome is small and differs from the nuclear genome in that it is circular and free of histones, it has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, aging and cardiovascular disorders. Currently, there is a lack of efficient treatments for mitochondrial diseases. This has promoted the need for developing an appropriate platform to investigate and target the mitochondrial genome. However, developing these therapeutics requires a model system that enables rapid and effective studying of potential candidate therapeutics. In the past decade, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a promising technology for applications in basic science and clinical trials, and have the potential to be transformative for mitochondrial drug development. Engineered iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) offer a unique tool to model mitochondrial disorders. Additionally, these cellular models enable the discovery and testing of novel therapeutics and their impact on pathogenic mtDNA variants and dysfunctional mitochondria. Herein, we review recent advances in iPSC-CM models focused on mitochondrial dysfunction often causing cardiovascular diseases. The importance of mitochondrial disease systems biology coupled with genetically encoded NAD+/NADH sensors is addressed toward developing an in vitro translational approach to establish effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa K Kargaran
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Development of novel parameter for monitoring of malignant melanoma progression. Pract Lab Med 2020; 22:e00182. [PMID: 33134468 PMCID: PMC7586240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2020.e00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Increasing HIFs in malignant melanoma, the highly aggressive skin tumour, results in the stimulation of invasiveness. Increased HIF-1α fallouts in inhibition of the activity of some mitochondrial enzymes and leads to preference of cytosol energetic metabolism. Increase of aerobic glycolysis is reflected in an increase of free NADH (Warburg effect) and develops the malignant melanoma. Our goal was to find a link between hypoxia, or hypoxia mimicking factors and the stage of malignant melanoma. Furthermore, we focused on the finding of the experimental parameter which could monitor melanoma patients. Patients and methods We targeted HIF-1α gene expression and VDR rs2107301 gene polymorphism by PCR analysis. We detected the level of NADH in blood plasma by fluorescence spectroscopy (excitation and emission spectra). Results Analysis of the obtained data from patient samples has shown an increase in HIF-1α which correlates with the disease stage. Investigation VDR rs2107301 polymorphism of patient samples does not show any significant changes in single nucleotide polymorphism, and the low vitamin D level in blood is not a result of VDR mutation in mitochondria. NADH levels vary under hypoxic and pseudohypoxic conditions and refer to the cancer stage. Conclusions The apparent mismatch between HIF-1α expression and NADH fluorescence has become the basis for the design of an algorithm for monitoring malignant melanoma based on the sensing of NADH fluorescence and the determination of HIF-1α.
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Wei W, Li J, Yao H, Shi K, Liu H. A versatile molecular logic system based on Eu(III) coordination polymer film electrodes combined with multiple properties of NADH. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22746-22757. [PMID: 33020777 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new type of lanthanide coordination polymer film made up of europium (Eu(iii)) and poly(N-methacryloylglycine) (Eu(iii)-PMAG) was prepared on an ITO electrode surface driven by the coordination between N-methacryloylglycine (MAG) and Eu(iii) through a single-step polymerization process. The fluorescence signal of Eu(iii)-PMAG films at 617 nm originating from Eu(iii) could be well retained in the buffer solution but was regulated by the concentration of Cu(ii) and the complexing agent EDTA. The switching of fluorescence by Cu(ii) was attributed to the inhibition of the "antenna effect" between Eu(iii) and the MAG ligand in the films. The coexistence of reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the solution can apparently quench the fluorescence of Eu(iii)-PMAG films through the internal filtration effect of UV absorbance overlapping the excitation wavelength, but itself exhibiting a fluorescence emission at 468 nm. In addition, the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH with the help of the ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (FcDA) probe demonstrated a cyclic voltammetry (CV) signal at 0.45 V (vs. SCE). Based on various reversible stimulus-responsive behaviours, a 4-input/10-output logic network was built using Cu(ii), EDTA, NADH and FcDA as inputs and the signals of fluorescence from Eu(iii)-PMAG (617 nm) and NADH (468 nm), the CV response from FcDA and the UV-vis absorbance from the Cu(ii)-EDTA complex as outputs. Meanwhile, 6 different functional logic devices were constructed based on the same versatile platform, including a 2-to-1 encoder, a 1-to-2 decoder, a 1-to-2 demultiplexer, a parity checker, a transfer gate and a reprogrammable 3-input/2-output keypad lock. Combined with the new type of lanthanide coordination polymer film, NADH played central roles in designing sophisticated computing systems with its fluorescence, UV and electrocatalytic properties. This work might provide a novel avenue to develop intelligent multi-analyte sensing and information processing at the molecular level based on one single platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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Debski KJ, Ceglia N, Ghestem A, Ivanov AI, Brancati GE, Bröer S, Bot AM, Müller JA, Schoch S, Becker A, Löscher W, Guye M, Sassone-Corsi P, Lukasiuk K, Baldi P, Bernard C. The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaat5979. [PMID: 33036982 PMCID: PMC10764101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene and protein expressions display circadian oscillations, which can be disrupted in diseases in most body organs. Whether these oscillations occur in the healthy hippocampus and whether they are altered in epilepsy are not known. We identified more than 1200 daily oscillating transcripts in the hippocampus of control mice and 1600 in experimental epilepsy, with only one-fourth oscillating in both conditions. Comparison of gene oscillations in control and epilepsy predicted time-dependent alterations in energy metabolism, which were verified experimentally. Although aerobic glycolysis remained constant from morning to afternoon in controls, it increased in epilepsy. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation increased in control and decreased in epilepsy. Thus, the control hippocampus shows circadian molecular remapping, which is altered in epilepsy. We suggest that the hippocampus operates in a different functioning mode in epilepsy. These alterations need to be considered when studying epilepsy mechanisms, designing drug treatments, and timing their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Debski
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - A Ghestem
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - A I Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - G E Brancati
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - S Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A M Bot
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J A Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Lukasiuk
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.
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The Effect of a 7-Week Training Period on Changes in Skin NADH Fluorescence in Highly Trained Athletes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the changes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence in the reduced form in the superficial skin layer, resulting from a 7-week training period in highly trained competitive athletes (n = 41). The newly, non-invasive flow mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) method was implemented to indirectly evaluate the mitochondrial activity by NADH fluorescence. The FMSF measurements were taken before and after an exercise treadmill test until exhaustion. We found that athletes showed higher post-training values in basal NADH fluorescence (pre-exercise: 41% increase; post-exercise: 49% increase). Maximum NADH fluorescence was also higher after training both pre- (42% increase) and post-exercise (47% increase). Similar changes have been revealed before and after exercise for minimal NADH fluorescence (before exercise: 39% increase; after exercise: 47% increase). In conclusion, physical training results in an increase in the skin NADH fluorescence levels at rest and after exercise in athletes.
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Zhang Z, Cheng X, Zhao Y, Yang Y. Lighting Up Live-Cell and In Vivo Central Carbon Metabolism with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:293-314. [PMID: 32119572 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the core component of cell metabolism, central carbon metabolism, consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle converts nutrients into metabolic precursors for biomass and energy to sustain the life of virtually all extant species. The metabolite levels or distributions in central carbon metabolism often change dynamically with cell fates, development, and disease progression. However, traditional biochemical methods require cell lysis, making it challenging to obtain spatiotemporal information about metabolites in living cells and in vivo. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors allow the rapid, sensitive, specific, and real-time readout of metabolite dynamics in living organisms, thereby offering the potential to fill the gap in current techniques. In this review, we introduce recent progress made in the development of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for central carbon metabolism and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Moreover, several future directions of metabolite sensors are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiawei Cheng
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ,
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Fluorescence as an Early Marker of Mitochondrial Impairment During Brain Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113977. [PMID: 32492921 PMCID: PMC7312830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal continuous bedside monitoring is increasingly recognized as a promising option for early treatment stratification in patients at risk for ischemia during neurocritical care. Modalities used at present are, for example, oxygen availability and subdural electrocorticography. The assessment of mitochondrial function could be an interesting complement to these modalities. For instance, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence permits direct insight into the mitochondrial redox state. Therefore, we explored the possibility of using FAD fluorometry to monitor consequences of hypoxia in brain tissue in vitro and in vivo. By combining experimental results with computational modeling, we identified the potential source responsible for the fluorescence signal and gained insight into the hypoxia-associated metabolic changes in neuronal energy metabolism. In vitro, hypoxia was characterized by a reductive shift of FAD, impairment of synaptic transmission and increasing interstitial potassium [K+]o. Computer simulations predicted FAD changes to originate from the citric acid cycle enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. In vivo, the FAD signal during early hypoxia displayed a reductive shift followed by a short oxidation associated with terminal spreading depolarization. In silico, initial tissue hypoxia followed by a transient re-oxygenation phase due to glucose depletion might explain FAD dynamics in vivo. Our work suggests that FAD fluorescence could be readily used to monitor mitochondrial function during hypoxia and represents a potential diagnostic tool to differentiate underlying metabolic processes for complementation of multimodal brain monitoring.
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Methotrexate use and NAD +/NADH metabolism in psoriatic keratinocytes. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:19-22. [PMID: 32467678 PMCID: PMC7247064 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.93379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate inhibits tetrahydrofolic acid production and influences mitochondrial oxygen uptake and activity of several enzymes in the respiratory chain reactions, which utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked (NAD-linked) substrates. Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis requires oxidative phosphorylation, in which the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an electron donor. One hypothesis links increased cellular metabolism to the increased NADH/NAD+ ratio; as expected, the topical application of NAD+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide) resulted in a clinical improvement of psoriatic lesions in one study. Nevertheless, another report revealed reduced fluorescence of NADH in psoriatic plaques. The biological activity of NADH is not limited only to serving as the electron donor. It was also found to regulate gene transcription.
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Piavchenko G, Alekseev A, Stelmashchuk O, Seryogina E, Zherebtsov E, Kuznetsova E, Dunaev A, Volkov Y, Kuznetsov S. A complex morphofunctional approach for zinc toxicity evaluation in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03768. [PMID: 32337380 PMCID: PMC7177034 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity causes the introduction of zinc compounds into the biological cycle in mining and processing sites and its accumulation in organs and tissues, causing systemic toxicity. A cumulative effect of zinc is predominantly neurotoxic and it also affects the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive systems. This study evaluates the effects of single-dose intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg zinc succinate on the structure and function of organs and tissues in male Wistar rats 1 month after treatment. The presented morphofunctional approach for the toxicity evaluation included the study of behavioral responses using the automated Laboras® complex, fluorescent spectral analysis of the NADH and FAD activity and histological evaluation of animal organs and tissues. The results of the behavioral activity assessment showed a significant decrease in animals' motor activity, whereas the fluorescence spectra analysis demonstrated a decrease in coenzyme NADH without the reduction of FAD levels. We detected toxic and dystrophic changes in the cerebral cortex, heart, lungs and liver tissues. Our original multiparametric approach enables a comprehensive assessment of the long-term toxic effects of the metal salts such as zinc succinate, especially in the cerebral cortex at the doses much lower than the acute LD50 reported for the common zinc salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadii Piavchenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
- Pharmaceutical R&D Enterprise “Retinoids”, Russian Federation
- Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Evgeny Zherebtsov
- Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Russian Federation
- University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Elena Kuznetsova
- Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Dunaev
- Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Russian Federation
- University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Yuri Volkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
- School of Medicine and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, The University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ireland
| | - Sergey Kuznetsov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russian Federation
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Gopallawa I, Freund JR, Lee RJ. Bitter taste receptors stimulate phagocytosis in human macrophages through calcium, nitric oxide, and cyclic-GMP signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:271-286. [PMID: 32172302 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are GPCRs involved in detection of bitter compounds by type 2 taste cells of the tongue, but are also expressed in other tissues throughout the body, including the airways, gastrointestinal tract, and brain. These T2Rs can be activated by several bacterial products and regulate innate immune responses in several cell types. Expression of T2Rs has been demonstrated in immune cells like neutrophils; however, the molecular details of their signaling are unknown. We examined mechanisms of T2R signaling in primary human monocyte-derived unprimed (M0) macrophages (M[Formula: see text]s) using live cell imaging techniques. Known bitter compounds and bacterial T2R agonists activated low-level calcium signals through a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive, phospholipase C-dependent, and inositol trisphosphate receptor-dependent calcium release pathway. These calcium signals activated low-level nitric oxide (NO) production via endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (NOS) isoforms. NO production increased cellular cGMP and enhanced acute phagocytosis ~ threefold over 30-60 min via protein kinase G. In parallel with calcium elevation, T2R activation lowered cAMP, also through a PTX-sensitive pathway. The cAMP decrease also contributed to enhanced phagocytosis. Moreover, a co-culture model with airway epithelial cells demonstrated that NO produced by epithelial cells can also acutely enhance M[Formula: see text] phagocytosis. Together, these data define M[Formula: see text] T2R signal transduction and support an immune recognition role for T2Rs in M[Formula: see text] cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ravdin, 5th Floor, Suite A , 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jenna R Freund
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ravdin, 5th Floor, Suite A , 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Ravdin, 5th Floor, Suite A , 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
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Perinbam K, Chacko JV, Kannan A, Digman MA, Siryaporn A. A Shift in Central Metabolism Accompanies Virulence Activation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mBio 2020; 11:e02730-18. [PMID: 32156820 PMCID: PMC7064766 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02730-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of energy has significant impact on cell physiology. However, the role of cellular metabolism in bacterial pathogenesis is not understood. We investigated the dynamics of central metabolism during virulence induction by surface sensing and quorum sensing in early-stage biofilms of the multidrug-resistant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa We established a metabolic profile for P. aeruginosa using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), which reports the activity of NADH in live cells. We identified a critical growth transition period during which virulence is activated. We performed FLIM measurements and direct measurements of NADH and NAD+ concentrations during this period. Here, planktonic (low-virulence) and surface-attached (virulence-activated) populations diverged into distinct metabolic states, with the surface-attached population exhibiting FLIM lifetimes that were associated with lower levels of enzyme-bound NADH and decreasing total NAD(H) production. We inhibited virulence by perturbing central metabolism using citrate and pyruvate, which further decreased the enzyme-bound NADH fraction and total NAD(H) production and suggested the involvement of the glyoxylate pathway in virulence activation in surface-attached populations. In addition, we induced virulence at an earlier time using the electron transport chain oxidase inhibitor antimycin A. Our results demonstrate the use of FLIM to noninvasively measure NADH dynamics in biofilms and suggest a model in which a metabolic rearrangement accompanies the virulence activation period.IMPORTANCE The rise of antibiotic resistance requires the development of new strategies to combat bacterial infection and pathogenesis. A major direction has been the development of drugs that broadly target virulence. However, few targets have been identified due to the species-specific nature of many virulence regulators. The lack of a virulence regulator that is conserved across species has presented a further challenge to the development of therapeutics. Here, we identify that NADH activity has an important role in the induction of virulence in the pathogen P. aeruginosa This finding, coupled with the ubiquity of NADH in bacterial pathogens, opens up the possibility of targeting enzymes that process NADH as a potential broad antivirulence approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Perinbam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jenu V Chacko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anerudh Kannan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Ledda M, Fioretti D, Lolli MG, Papi M, Di Gioia C, Carletti R, Ciasca G, Foglia S, Palmieri V, Marchese R, Grimaldi S, Rinaldi M, Lisi A. Biocompatibility assessment of sub-5 nm silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in human stem cells and in mice for potential application in nanomedicine. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1759-1778. [PMID: 31895375 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09683c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a size <5 nm are emerging nanomaterials for their excellent biocompatibility, chemical stability, and tunable surface modifications. The applications explored include dual-modal or multi-modal imaging, drug delivery, theranostics and, more recently, magnetic resonance angiography. Good biocompatibility and biosafety are regarded as the preliminary requirements for their biomedical applications and further exploration in this field is still required. We previously synthesized and characterized ultrafine (average core size of 3 nm) silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide fluorescent nanoparticles, named sub-5 SIO-Fl, uniform in size, shape, chemical properties and composition. The cellular uptake and in vitro biocompatibility of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were demonstrated in a human colon cancer cellular model. Here, we investigated the biocompatibility of sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles in human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (hAMSCs). Kinetic analysis of cellular uptake showed a quick nanoparticle internalization in the first hour, increasing over time and after long exposure (48 h), the uptake rate gradually slowed down. We demonstrated that after internalization, sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles neither affect hAMSC growth, viability, morphology, cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression, immunophenotype, and the expression of pro-angiogenic and immunoregulatory paracrine factors nor the osteogenic and myogenic differentiation markers. Furthermore, sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles were intravenously injected into mice to investigate the in vivo biodistribution and toxicity profile for a time period of 7 weeks. Our findings showed an immediate transient accumulation of nanoparticles in the kidney, followed by the liver and lungs, where iron contents increased over a 7-week period. Histopathology, hematology, serum pro-inflammatory response, body weight and mortality studies demonstrated a short- and long-term biocompatibility and biosafety profile with no apparent acute and chronic toxicity caused by these nanoparticles in mice. Overall, these results suggest the feasibility of using sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles as a promising agent for stem cell magnetic targeting as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Sharma H, Tan NK, Trinh N, Yeo JH, New EJ, Pfeffer FM. A fluorescent naphthalimide NADH mimic for continuous and reversible sensing of cellular redox state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2240-2243. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new naphthalimide based NADH mimic that functions as a fully reversible fluorescent “on off” probe for redox state has been synthesised and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sharma
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Deakin University
- Australia
| | - Nian Kee Tan
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Natalie Trinh
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jia Hao Yeo
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
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Mitochondrial function and brain Metabolic Score (BMS) in ischemic Stroke: Evaluation of "neuroprotectants" safety and efficacy. Mitochondrion 2019; 50:170-194. [PMID: 31790815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The initial and significant event developed in ischemic stroke is the sudden decrease in blood flow and oxygen supply to brain tissue, leading to dysfunction of the mitochondria. Many attempts were and are being made to develop new drugs and treatments that will save the ischemic brain, but the efficacy is not optimal and in many patients, irreversible damage to the brain will persist. We review a unique approach to evaluate mitochondrial function and microcirculatory hemodynamic in real time in vivo. Three out of four monitored physiological parameters are integrated into a new Brain Metabolic Score (BMS) calculated in real time and is correlated to Brain Oxygen Balance. The technology was adapted to various experimental as well as clinical situations for monitoring the brain in real time. The developed protocols could be used in testing the efficacy and safety of new drugs in experimental animals. Few models of brain monitoring during partial or complete ischemia were developed and used in naive animals or under brain activation protocols. It was found that mitochondrial function/dysfunction is the major and dominant parameter affecting the calculated Brain Metabolic Score. Using our monitoring system and protocols will provide direct information regarding the ability of the tested brain to provide enough oxygen consumed by the mitochondria in the "resting" or in the "activated" brain in vivo and in real-time. Preliminary studies, indicated that testing the efficacy and safety of new neuroprotectant drugs provided significant results to the R&D studies of ischemic stroke related to mitochondrial function.
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Oettmeier C, Döbereiner HG. Mitochondrial numbers increase during glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1647-1655. [PMID: 31267225 PMCID: PMC6820597 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum leads to a specific morphotype, a highly motile mesoplasmodium. We investigated the ultrastructure of both mesoplasmodia and non-starved plasmodia and found significantly increased numbers of mitochondria in glucose-deprived mesoplasmodia. The volume of individual mitochondria was the same in both growth forms. We conjecture that the number of mitochondria correlates with the metabolic state of the cell: When glucose is absent, the slime mold is forced to switch to different metabolic pathways, which occur inside mitochondria. Furthermore, a catabolic cue (such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)) could stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Oettmeier
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum N4260, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Döbereiner
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum O4040, Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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50
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Willingham TB, Zhang Y, Andreoni A, Knutson JR, Lee DY, Glancy B. MitoRACE: evaluating mitochondrial function in vivo and in single cells with subcellular resolution using multiphoton NADH autofluorescence. J Physiol 2019; 597:5411-5428. [PMID: 31490555 DOI: 10.1113/jp278611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We developed a novel metabolic imaging approach that provides direct measures of the rate of mitochondrial energy conversion with single-cell and subcellular resolution by evaluating NADH autofluorescence kinetics during the mitochondrial redox after cyanide experiment (mitoRACE). Measures of mitochondrial NADH flux by mitoRACE are sensitive to physiological and pharmacological perturbations in vivo. Metabolic imaging with mitoRACE provides a highly adaptable platform for evaluating mitochondrial function in vivo and in single cells with potential for broad applications in the study of energy metabolism. ABSTRACT Mitochondria play a critical role in numerous cell types and diseases, and structure and function of mitochondria can vary greatly among cells or within different regions of the same cell. However, there are currently limited methodologies that provide direct assessments of mitochondrial function in vivo, and contemporary measures of mitochondrial energy conversion lack the spatial resolution necessary to address cellular and subcellular heterogeneity. Here, we describe a novel metabolic imaging approach that provides direct measures of mitochondrial energy conversion with single-cell and subcellular resolution by evaluating NADH autofluorescence kinetics during the mitochondrial redox after cyanide experiment (mitoRACE). MitoRACE measures the rate of NADH flux through the steady-state mitochondrial NADH pool by rapidly inhibiting mitochondrial energetic flux, resulting in an immediate, linear increase in NADH fluorescence proportional to the steady-state NADH flux rate, thereby providing a direct measure of mitochondrial NADH flux. The experiments presented here demonstrate the sensitivity of this technique to detect physiological and pharmacological changes in mitochondrial flux within tissues of living animals and reveal the unique capability of this technique to evaluate mitochondrial function with single-cell and subcellular resolution in different cell types in vivo and in cell culture. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of mitoRACE by showing that within single neurons, mitochondria in neurites have higher energetic flux rates than mitochondria in the cell body. Metabolic imaging with mitoRACE provides a highly adaptable platform for evaluating mitochondrial function in vivo and in single cells, with potential for broad applications in the study of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alessio Andreoni
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jay R Knutson
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Duck-Yeon Lee
- Biochemistry Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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