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Zandigohar M, Pang J, Rodrigues A, Roberts RE, Dai Y, Koh TJ. Transcription Factor Activity Regulating Macrophage Heterogeneity during Skin Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:506-518. [PMID: 38940624 PMCID: PMC11300156 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages (Mos/Mϕs) play diverse roles in wound healing by adopting a spectrum of functional phenotypes; however, the regulation of such heterogeneity remains poorly defined. We enhanced our previously published Bayesian inference TF activity model, incorporating both single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell ATAC sequencing data to infer transcription factor (TF) activity in Mos/Mϕs during skin wound healing. We found that wound Mos/Mϕs clustered into early-stage Mos/Mϕs, late-stage Mϕs, and APCs, and that each cluster showed differential chromatin accessibility and differential predicted TF activity that did not always correlate with mRNA or protein expression. Network analysis revealed two highly connected large communities involving a total of 19 TFs, highlighting TF cooperation in regulating wound Mos/Mϕs. This analysis also revealed a small community populated by NR4A1 and NFKB1, supporting a proinflammatory link between these TFs. Importantly, we validated a proinflammatory role for NR4A1 activity during wound healing, showing that Nr4a1 knockout mice exhibit decreased inflammatory gene expression in early-stage wound Mos/Mϕs, along with delayed wound re-epithelialization and impaired granulation tissue formation. In summary, our study provides insight into TF activity that regulates Mo/Mϕ heterogeneity during wound healing and provides a rational basis for targeting Mo/Mϕ TF networks to alter phenotypes and improve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Zandigohar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jingbo Pang
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition
| | - Alannah Rodrigues
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Rita E. Roberts
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Timothy J. Koh
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition
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2
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Wiegand C, Dirksen A, Tittelbach J. Treatment with a red-laser-based wound therapy device exerts positive effects in models of delayed keratinocyte and fibroblast wound healing. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12926. [PMID: 37957888 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light therapy is widely used in medicine. Specifically, photobiomodulation has been shown to exert beneficial effects in wound healing disorders, which present a major challenge in health care. The study's aim was providing information on the effect of a novel, red-laser-based wound therapy device (WTD) on keratinocytes and fibroblasts during wound healing under optimal and non-optimal conditions. METHODS The scratch wound assay was employed as a wound healing model for mechanical damage with readjustment of specific cell milieus, explicitly chronic TH1 inflammation and TH2-dominant conditions. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6, CXCL8), growth factors (TGFB1, PDGFC), transcription factors (NFKB1, TP53) and heat shock proteins (HSP90AA1, HSPA1A, HSPD1) as well as desmogleins (DSG1, DSG3) in keratinocytes and collagen (COL1A1, COL3A1) in fibroblasts was performed after WTD treatment. RESULTS It was shown that WTD treatment is biocompatible and supports scratch wound closure under non-optimal conditions. A distinct enhancement of desmoglein and collagen gene expression as well as induction of early growth factor gene expression was observed under chronic inflammatory conditions. Moreover, WTD increased HSPD1 transcript levels in keratinocytes and augmented collagen expression in fibroblasts during wound healing under TH2 conditions. WTD treatment also alleviated the inflammatory response in keratinocytes and induced early growth factor gene expression in fibroblasts under physiological conditions. CONCLUSION Positive effects described for wound treatment with WTD could be replicated in vitro and seem to be to be conferred by a direct influence on cellular processes taking place in keratinocytes and fibroblasts during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Wiegand
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Tittelbach
- Department of Dermatology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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3
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dos Santos CG, Sousa MF, Vieira JIG, de Morais LR, Fernandes AAS, de Oliveira Littiere T, Itajara Otto P, Machado MA, Silva MVGB, Bonafé CM, Braga Magalhães AF, Verardo LL. Candidate genes for tick resistance in cattle: a systematic review combining post-GWAS analyses with sequencing data. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2096035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassiane Gomes dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Mariele Freitas Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - João Inácio Gomes Vieira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luana Rafaela de Morais
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pamela Itajara Otto
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristina Moreira Bonafé
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Lima Verardo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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AhR promotes phosphorylation of ARNT isoform 1 in human T cell malignancies as a switch for optimal AhR activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114336119. [PMID: 35290121 PMCID: PMC8944900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114336119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a transcription factor present in immune cells as a long and short isoform, referred to as isoforms 1 and 3, respectively. However, investigation into potential ARNT isoform–specific immune functions is lacking despite the well-established heterodimerization requirement of ARNT with, and for the activity of, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a critical mediator of immune homeostasis. Here, using global and targeted transcriptomics analyses, we show that the relative ARNT isoform 1:3 ratio in human T cell lymphoma cells dictates the amplitude and direction of AhR target gene regulation. Specifically, shifting the ARNT isoform 1:3 ratio lower by suppressing isoform 1 enhances, or higher by suppressing isoform 3 abrogates, AhR responsiveness to ligand activation through preprograming a cellular genetic background that directs explicit gene expression patterns. Moreover, the fluctuations in gene expression patterns that accompany a decrease or increase in the ARNT isoform 1:3 ratio are associated with inflammation or immunosuppression, respectively. Molecular studies identified the unique casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation site within isoform 1 as an essential parameter to the mechanism of ARNT isoform–specific regulation of AhR signaling. Notably, CK2-mediated phosphorylation of ARNT isoform 1 is dependent on ligand-induced AhR nuclear translocation and is required for optimal AhR target gene regulation. These observations reveal ARNT as a central modulator of AhR activity predicated on the status of the ARNT isoform ratio and suggest that ARNT-based therapies are a viable option for tuning the immune system to target immune disorders.
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Abstract
Hypoxia can be defined as a relative deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical regulators of the mammalian response to hypoxia. In normal circumstances, HIF-1α protein turnover is rapid, and hyperglycemia further destabilizes the protein. In addition to their role in diabetes pathogenesis, HIFs are implicated in development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Improving glucose control in people with diabetes increases HIF-1α protein and has wide-ranging benefits, some of which are at least partially mediated by HIF-1α. Nevertheless, most strategies to improve diabetes or its complications via regulation of HIF-1α have not currently proven to be clinically useful. The intersection of HIF biology with diabetes is a complex area in which many further questions remain, especially regarding the well-conducted studies clearly describing discrepant effects of different methods of increasing HIF-1α, even within the same tissues. This Review presents a brief overview of HIFs; discusses the range of evidence implicating HIFs in β cell dysfunction, diabetes pathogenesis, and diabetes complications; and examines the differing outcomes of HIF-targeting approaches in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Network mapping of primary CD34+ cells by Ampliseq based whole transcriptome targeted resequencing identifies unexplored differentiation regulatory relationships. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246107. [PMID: 33544756 PMCID: PMC7864404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of a few master transcription factors, regulators of neutrophil maturation are poorly annotated in the intermediate phenotypes between the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP) and the mature neutrophil phenotype. Additional challenges in identifying gene expression regulators in differentiation pathways relate to challenges wherein starting cell populations are heterogeneous in lineage potential and development, are spread across various states of quiescence, as well as sample quality and input limitations. These factors contribute to data variability make it difficult to draw simple regulatory inferences. In response we have applied a multi-omics approach using primary blood progenitor cells primed for homogeneous proliferation and granulocyte differentiation states which combines whole transcriptome resequencing (Ampliseq RNA) supported by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) validation and mass spectrometry-based proteomics in a hypothesis-generation study of neutrophil differentiation pathways. Primary CD34+ cells isolated from human cord blood were first precultured in non-lineage driving medium to achieve an active, proliferating phenotype from which a neutrophil primed progenitor was isolated and cultured in neutrophil lineage supportive medium. Samples were then taken at 24-hour intervals over 9 days and analysed by Ampliseq RNA and mass spectrometry. The Ampliseq dataset depth, breadth and quality allowed for several unexplored transcriptional regulators and ncRNAs to be identified using a combinatorial approach of hierarchical clustering, enriched transcription factor binding motifs, and network mapping. Network mapping in particular increased comprehension of neutrophil differentiation regulatory relationships by implicating ARNT, NHLH1, PLAG1, and 6 non-coding RNAs associated with PU.1 regulation as cell-engineering targets with the potential to increase total neutrophil culture output. Overall, this study develops and demonstrates an effective new hypothesis generation methodology for transcriptome profiling during differentiation, thereby enabling identification of novel gene targets for editing interventions.
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Myeloid cell deletion of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (ARNT) induces non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225332. [PMID: 31800592 PMCID: PMC6892561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is predicted to become the most common cause of cirrhosis and liver failure. Risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. Macrophages and other myeloid cells play crucial roles in initiating and driving inflammation. Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator (ARNT) is a transcription factor which binds to a range of partners to mediate responses to environmental signals, including the diet. In people with diabetes it is decreased in liver. We hypothesised that myeloid cell ARNT activity may contribute to the development of liver pathology. Methods Floxed-ARNT mice were bred with LysM-Cre mice to generate mice with reduced ARNT in myeloid cells. Animals were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and liver pathology was assessed. Histology, mRNA, fat accumulation and metabolism were studied. Results Animals with reduced myeloid ARNT developed steatohepatitis on a HFD, with additional alterations of metabolism and fat deposition. Steatohepatitis was accompanied by hepatic macrophage infiltration and expression of both M1 and M2 markers. Expression of mRNAs for Cxcl1, Mcp-1, Tnf-α and Tgf-β1 were increased. Human livers from controls and people with NASH were tested; ARNT mRNA was decreased by 80% (p = 0.0004). Conclusions Decreased myeloid ARNT may play a role in the conversion from non-alcoholic fatty liver to steatohepatitis. Increasing ARNT may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce NASH.
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Leishmania Infection Induces Macrophage Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Production in an ARNT/HIF-Dependent Manner. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00088-19. [PMID: 31451620 PMCID: PMC6803331 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00088-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by vascular remodeling. Following infection with Leishmania parasites, the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling pathway mediates lymphangiogenesis, which is critical for lesion resolution. Therefore, we investigated the cellular and molecular mediators involved in VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling using a murine model of infection. We found that macrophages are the predominant cell type expressing VEGF-A during Leishmania major infection. Given that Leishmania parasites activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and this transcription factor can drive VEGF-A expression, we analyzed the expression of HIF-1α during infection. We showed that macrophages were also the major cell type expressing HIF-1α during infection and that infection-induced VEGF-A production is mediated by ARNT/HIF activation. Furthermore, mice deficient in myeloid ARNT/HIF signaling exhibited larger lesions without differences in parasite numbers. These data show that L. major infection induces macrophage VEGF-A production in an ARNT/HIF-dependent manner and suggest that ARNT/HIF signaling may limit inflammation by promoting VEGF-A production and, thus, lymphangiogenesis during infection.
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Lalwani A, Warren J, Liuwantara D, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Gonzalez FJ, Stokes RA, Chen J, Laybutt DR, Craig ME, Swarbrick MM, King C, Gunton JE. β Cell Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Is Required for the Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2370-2384.e6. [PMID: 31116982 PMCID: PMC6661122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) is determined by both genetic background and environmental factors. Environmental triggers include RNA viruses, particularly coxsackievirus (CV), but how they induce T1D is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) from β cells increases the susceptibility of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice to environmentally triggered T1D from coxsackieviruses and the β cell toxin streptozotocin. Similarly, knockdown of HIF-1α in human islets leads to a poorer response to coxsackievirus infection. Studies in coxsackievirus-infected islets demonstrate that lack of HIF-1α leads to impaired viral clearance, increased viral load, inflammation, pancreatitis, and loss of β cell mass. These findings show an important role for β cells and, specifically, lack of β cell HIF-1α in the development of T1D. These data suggest new strategies for the prevention of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lalwani
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Warren
- Mucosal Autoimmunity, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Liuwantara
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit (NPTU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Pancreas Transplant Unit (NPTU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit (NPTU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Stokes
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Chen
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Islet Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecile King
- Mucosal Autoimmunity, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Abstract
Cells respond to hypoxia by shifting cellular processes from general housekeeping functions to activating specialized hypoxia-response pathways. Oxygen plays an important role in generating ATP to maintain a productive rate of protein synthesis in normoxia. In hypoxia, the rate of the canonical protein synthesis pathway is significantly slowed and impaired due to limited ATP availability, necessitating an alternative mechanism to mediate protein synthesis and facilitate adaptation. Hypoxia adaptation is largely mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). While HIFs are well known for their transcriptional functions, they also play imperative roles in translation to mediate hypoxic protein synthesis. Such adaptations to hypoxia are often hyperactive in solid tumors, contributing to the expression of cancer hallmarks, including treatment resistance. The current literature on protein synthesis in hypoxia is reviewed here, inclusive of hypoxia-specific mRNA selection to translation termination. Current HIF targeting therapies are also discussed as are the opportunities involved with targeting hypoxia specific protein synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy T Chee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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11
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Lin N, Shay JES, Xie H, Lee DSM, Skuli N, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Azzam A, Meng H, Wang H, FitzGerald GA, Simon MC. Myeloid Cell Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Promote Resolution of Inflammation in Experimental Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2565. [PMID: 30455703 PMCID: PMC6230677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic tissues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients exhibit oxygen deprivation and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and 2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), which mediate cellular adaptation to hypoxic stress. Notably, macrophages and neutrophils accumulate preferentially in hypoxic regions of the inflamed colon, suggesting that myeloid cell functions in colitis are HIF-dependent. By depleting ARNT (the obligate heterodimeric binding partner for both HIFα subunits) in a murine model, we demonstrate here that myeloid HIF signaling promotes the resolution of acute colitis. Specifically, myeloid pan-HIF deficiency exacerbates infiltration of pro-inflammatory neutrophils and Ly6C+ monocytic cells into diseased tissue. Myeloid HIF ablation also hinders macrophage functional conversion to a protective, pro-resolving phenotype, and elevates gut serum amyloid A levels during the resolution phase of colitis. Therefore, myeloid cell HIF signaling is required for efficient resolution of inflammatory damage in colitis, implicating serum amyloid A in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica E S Shay
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Xie
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David S M Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qiaosi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zilu Zhou
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Azzam
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hu Meng
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, United States.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Li N, Du Q, Bai R, Sun J. Vitality and wound-age estimation in forensic pathology: review and future prospects. Forensic Sci Res 2018; 5:15-24. [PMID: 32490306 PMCID: PMC7241561 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2018.1445441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the age of a wound is challenging in forensic pathology, but it can contribute to the reconstruction of crime scenes and lead to arrest of suspects. Forensic scholars have tended to focus on evaluating wound vitality and determining the time elapsed since the wound was sustained. Recent progress in forensic techniques, particularly high-throughput analyses, has enabled evaluation of materials at the cellular and molecular levels, as well as simultaneous assessment of multiple markers. This paper provides an update on wound-age estimation in forensic pathology, summarizes the recent literature, and considers useful additional information provided by each marker. Finally, the future prospects for estimating wound age in forensic practise are discussed with the hope of providing something useful for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiuxiang Du
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rufeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Sun
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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D'Ignazio L, Batie M, Rocha S. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Cancer, Focus on HIF and NF-κB. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E21. [PMID: 28536364 PMCID: PMC5489807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterised by the presence of hypoxia and inflammation. Paramount to the mechanisms controlling cellular responses under such stress stimuli, are the transcription factor families of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and Nuclear Factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Although, a detailed understating of how these transcription factors respond to their cognate stimulus is well established, it is now appreciated that HIF and NF-κB undergo extensive crosstalk, in particular in pathological situations such as cancer. Here, we focus on the current knowledge on how HIF is activated by inflammation and how NF-κB is modulated by hypoxia. We summarise the evidence for the possible mechanism behind this activation and how HIF and NF-κB function impacts cancer, focusing on colorectal, breast and lung cancer. We discuss possible new points of therapeutic intervention aiming to harness the current understanding of the HIF-NF-κB crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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14
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Bandini S, Macagno M, Hysi A, Lanzardo S, Conti L, Bello A, Riccardo F, Ruiu R, Merighi IF, Forni G, Iezzi M, Quaglino E, Cavallo F. The non-inflammatory role of C1q during Her2/neu-driven mammary carcinogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1253653. [PMID: 28123895 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1253653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ever increasing amount of evidence to support the hypothesis that complement C1q, the first component of the classical complement pathway, is involved in the regulation of cancer growth, in addition to its role in fighting infections. It has been demonstrated that C1q is expressed in the microenvironment of various types of human tumors, including breast adenocarcinomas. This study compares carcinogenesis progression in C1q deficient (neuT-C1KO) and C1q competent neuT mice in order to investigate the role of C1q in mammary carcinogenesis. Significantly accelerated autochthonous neu+ carcinoma progression was paralleled by accelerated spontaneous lung metastases occurrence in C1q deficient mice. Surprisingly, this effect was not caused by differences in the tumor-infiltrating cells or in the activation of the complement classical pathway, since neuT-C1KO mice did not display a reduction in C3 fragment deposition at the tumor site. By contrast, a significant higher number of intratumor blood vessels and a decrease in the activation of the tumor suppressor WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) were observed in tumors from neuT-C1KO as compare with neuT mice. In parallel, an increase in Her2/neu expression was observed on the membrane of tumor cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that C1q plays a direct role both on halting tumor angiogenesis and on inducing apoptosis in mammary cancer cells by coordinating the signal transduction pathways linked to WWOX and, furthermore, highlight the role of C1q in mammary tumor immune surveillance regardless of complement system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Bandini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Macagno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Albana Hysi
- Department of Medicine Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-Met), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti Pescara , Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Amanda Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ruiu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Fiore Merighi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Forni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-Met), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti Pescara , Italy
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
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15
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Lin N, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factors: key regulators of myeloid cells during inflammation. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3661-3671. [PMID: 27599290 DOI: 10.1172/jci84426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prominent characteristic of many acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, and exerts significant influence on their progression. Macrophages and neutrophils are major cellular components of innate immunity and contribute not only to O2 deprivation at the site of inflammation, but also alter many of their functions in response to hypoxia to either facilitate or suppress inflammation. Hypoxia stabilizes HIF-αs in macrophages and neutrophils, and these O2-sensitive transcription factors are key regulators of inflammatory responses in myeloid cells. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of HIF-αs in shaping macrophage and neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple inflammatory diseases.
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16
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D'Ignazio L, Bandarra D, Rocha S. NF-κB and HIF crosstalk in immune responses. FEBS J 2015; 283:413-24. [PMID: 26513405 PMCID: PMC4864946 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation have been associated with a number of pathological conditions, in particular inflammatory diseases. While hypoxia is mainly associated with the activation of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs), inflammation activates the family of transcription factor called nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB). An extensive crosstalk between these two main molecular players involved in hypoxia and inflammation has been demonstrated. This crosstalk includes common activating stimuli, shared regulators and targets. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of NF‐κB and HIF in the context of the immune response. We review the crosstalk between HIF and NF‐κB in the control of the immune response in different immune cell types including macrophages, neutrophils and B and T cells. Furthermore the importance of the molecular crosstalk between HIFs and NF‐κB for a variety of medical conditions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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