1
|
Song J, Peng H, Lai M, Kang H, Chen X, Cheng Y, Su X. Relationship between inflammatory-related cytokines with aortic dissection. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110618. [PMID: 37480750 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Aortic dissection, characterized by severe intramural hematoma formation and acute endometrial rupture, is caused by excessive bleeding within the aortic wall or a severe tear within the intimal layer of the aorta, which subsequently promotes the separation or dissection in the layers of the aortic wall. Epidemiological surveys showed that aortic dissection was most observed among those patients from 55 to 80 years of age, with a prevalence of approximately 40 cases per 100,000 individuals per year, posing serious risks to future health and leading to high mortality. Other risk factors of aortic dissection progression contained dyslipidemia, hypertension, and genetic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome. Currently, emerging evidence indicates the pathological progression of aortic dissection is significantly complicated, which is correlated with the aberrant infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells into the aortic wall, subsequently facilitating the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and inducing the aberrant expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon (IF). Other pro-inflammatory-related cytokines, including the colony-stimulating factor (CSF), chemotactic factor, and growth factor (GF), played an essential function in facilitating aortic dissection. Multiple studies focused on the important relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and aortic dissection, which could deepen the understanding of aortic dissection and further guide the therapeutic strategies in clinical practice. The present review elucidated pro-inflammatory cytokines' functions in modulating the risk of aortic dissection are summarized. Moreover, the emerging evidence that aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms wherebyvarious pro-inflammatory cytokines affected the pathological development of aortic dissection was also listed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Min Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huiyuan Kang
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Corbett CB, St Paul A, Leigh T, Kelemen SE, Peluzzo AM, Okune RN, Eguchi S, Haines DS, Autieri MV. Genetic Deletion of FXR1 Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia and Induces Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:638-653. [PMID: 37080662 PMCID: PMC10155270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia indicative of restenosis and other vascular diseases. Fragile-X related protein-1 (FXR1) is a muscle-enhanced RNA binding protein whose expression is increased in injured arteries. Previous studies suggest that FXR1 negatively regulates inflammation, but its causality in vascular disease is unknown. In the current study, RNA-sequencing of FXR1-depleted VSMC identified many transcripts with decreased abundance, most of which were associated with proliferation and cell division. mRNA abundance and stability of a number of these transcripts were decreased in FXR1-depleted hVSMC, as was proliferation (P < 0.05); however, increases in beta-galactosidase (P < 0.05) and γH2AX (P < 0.01), indicative of senescence, were noted. Further analysis showed increased abundance of senescence-associated genes with FXR1 depletion. A novel SMC-specific conditional knockout mouse (FXR1SMC/SMC) was developed for further analysis. In a carotid artery ligation model of intimal hyperplasia, FXR1SMC/SMC mice had significantly reduced neointima formation (P < 0.001) after ligation, as well as increases in senescence drivers p16, p21, and p53 compared with several controls. These results suggest that in addition to destabilization of inflammatory transcripts, FXR1 stabilized cell cycle-related genes in VSMC, and absence of FXR1 led to induction of a senescent phenotype, supporting the hypothesis that FXR1 may mediate vascular disease by regulating stability of proliferative mRNA in VSMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cali B Corbett
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda St Paul
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tani Leigh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda M Peluzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachael N Okune
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dale S Haines
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
St Paul A, Corbett C, Peluzzo A, Kelemen S, Okune R, Haines DS, Preston K, Eguchi S, Autieri MV. FXR1 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell cytoskeleton, VSMC contractility, and blood pressure by multiple mechanisms. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112381. [PMID: 37043351 PMCID: PMC10564969 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate cytoskeletal organization is essential for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) conditions such as hypertension. This study identifies FXR1 as a key protein linking cytoskeletal dynamics with mRNA stability. RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) in human VSMCs identifies that FXR1 binds to mRNA associated with cytoskeletal dynamics, and FXR1 depletion decreases their mRNA stability. FXR1 binds and regulates actin polymerization. Mass spectrometry identifies that FXR1 interacts with cytoskeletal proteins, particularly Arp2, a protein crucial for VSMC contraction, and CYFIP1, a WASP family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) regulatory complex (WRC) protein that links mRNA processing with actin polymerization. Depletion of FXR1 decreases the cytoskeletal processes of adhesion, migration, contraction, and GTPase activation. Using telemetry, conditional FXR1SMC/SMC mice have decreased blood pressure and an abundance of cytoskeletal-associated transcripts. This indicates that FXR1 is a muscle-enhanced WRC modulatory protein that regulates VSMC cytoskeletal dynamics by regulation of cytoskeletal mRNA stability and actin polymerization and cytoskeletal protein-protein interactions, which can regulate blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda St Paul
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cali Corbett
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Amanda Peluzzo
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sheri Kelemen
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rachael Okune
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dale S Haines
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kyle Preston
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen W, Xing J, Liu X, Wang S, Xing D. The role and transformative potential of IL-19 in atherosclerosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:70-82. [PMID: 34600839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditionally, IL-19 was thought to be expressed in only immune cells, but studies revealed that IL-19 is also expressed in multiple atherosclerotic plaque cell types, but not normal arteries, in humans and mice. IL-19 reduces the development of atherosclerosis via multiple mechanisms, including balancing cholesterol metabolism; enhancing Th2 immune cell polarization; reducing the inflammatory response; and reducing the proliferation, migration and chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Clinical and/or animal studies have primarily aimed to achieve regression and/or stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, with regression in particular indicating a very good drug response. Most antiatherosclerotic drugs in current clinical use, including atorvastatin and alirocumab, target hyperlipidemia. Several other drugs have also been investigated in clinical trials as anti-inflammatory agents; the development of some of these agents has been terminated (canakinumab, darapladib, varespladib, losmapimod, atreleuton, setileuton, PF-04191834, veliflapon, and methotrexate), but others remain in development (ziltivekimab, tocilizumab, Somalix, IFM-2427, anakinra, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), colchicine, everolimus, allopurinol, and montelukast). Most of the tested drugs have shown a limited ability to reverse atherosclerosis in animal studies. Interestingly, recombinant IL-19 (rIL-19) was shown to reduce atherosclerosis development in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A low dose of rIL-19 (1 ng/g/day) reduced aortic arch and root plaque areas by 70.1% and 32.1%, respectively, in LDLR-/- mice. At 10 ng/g/day, rIL-19 completely eliminated atherosclerotic plaques. There were no sex differences in the effects of rIL-19 on atherosclerotic mice. Thus, low-dose rIL-19 is an effective antiatherosclerotic agent, in addition to its efficacy in intimal hyperplasia, spinal cord injury, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. We propose that IL-19 is a promising biomarker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. This review considers the role and mechanism of action of IL-19 in atherosclerosis and discusses whether IL-19 is a potential therapeutic target for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jiyao Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Radiotherapy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui H, Lin Y, Xie L, Zhao J. Urantide decreases hepatic steatosis in rats with experimental atherosclerosis via the MAPK/Erk/JNK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:284. [PMID: 33604686 PMCID: PMC7905324 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, an indicator of atherosclerosis (AS), is always accompanied by inflammatory responses and disturbances in lipid metabolism. The present study investigated the protective effect of urantide, a urotensin II (UII) receptor antagonist, on the liver of rats with AS with hepatic steatosis by regulating the MAPK pathway. AS was induced in rats via an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3 and the administration of a high‑fat diet. Urantide treatment was then administered to the rats. Pathology, liver index, lipid levels and liver function were measured to determine liver injury. The expression levels of UII and G protein‑coupled receptor 14 (GPR14) were determined using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. The expression levels of MAPK‑related proteins in hepatocytes from each group were quantified using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Rats with AS had typical pathological changes associated with AS and hepatic steatosis, which were significantly improved by urantide treatment. Blood lipid levels, body weight, liver index and liver function were recovered in rats with AS after urantide treatment. Urantide downregulated the expression levels of UII and GPR14 in the livers of rats with AS; concurrently, the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and JNK was significantly decreased. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in AS rat livers. In conclusion, urantide inhibits the activation of Erk1/2 and JNK by blocking the binding of UII and GPR14, thereby alleviating hepatic steatosis in rats with AS, ultimately restoring lipid metabolism in the liver and alleviating AS lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yingxue Lin
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Lide Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ray M, Gabunia K, Vrakas CN, Herman AB, Kako F, Kelemen SE, Grisanti LA, Autieri MV. Genetic Deletion of IL-19 (Interleukin-19) Exacerbates Atherogenesis in Il19-/-× Ldlr-/- Double Knockout Mice by Dysregulation of mRNA Stability Protein HuR (Human Antigen R). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1297-1308. [PMID: 29674474 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that loss of IL-19 (interleukin-19) exacerbates atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Il19-/- mice were crossed into Ldlr-/- (low-density lipoprotein receptor knock out) mice. Double knockout (dKO) mice had increased plaque burden in aortic arch and root compared with Ldlr-/- controls after 14 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD). dKO mice injected with 10 ng/g per day rmIL-19 had significantly less plaque compared with controls. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed dKO mice had increased systemic and intraplaque polarization of T cells and macrophages to proinflammatory Th1 and M1 phenotypes, and also significantly increased TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α expression in spleen and aortic arch compared with Ldlr-/- controls. Bone marrow transplantation suggests that immune cells participate in IL-19 protection. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from dKO mice had a significantly greater expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein compared with controls. Spleen and aortic arch from dKO mice had significantly increased expression of the mRNA stability protein HuR (human antigen R). Bone marrow-derived macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell isolated from dKO mice also had greater HuR abundance. HuR stabilizes proinflammatory transcripts by binding AU-rich elements in the 3' untranslated region. Cytokine and HuR mRNA stability were increased in dKO bone marrow-derived macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell, which was rescued by addition of IL-19 to these cells. IL-19-induced expression of miR133a, which targets and reduced HuR abundance; miR133a levels were lower in dKO mice compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that IL-19 is an atheroprotective cytokine which decreases the abundance of HuR, leading to reduced inflammatory mRNA stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Ray
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Khatuna Gabunia
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Christine N Vrakas
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Allison B Herman
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Farah Kako
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (L.A.G.)
| | - Michael V Autieri
- From the Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.R., K.G., C.N.V., A.B.H., F.K., S.E.K., M.V.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Autieri MV. IL-19 and Other IL-20 Family Member Cytokines in Vascular Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:700. [PMID: 29681905 PMCID: PMC5897441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a major medical and socioeconomic burden in developed and developing countries and will increase with an aging and increasingly sedentary society. Many vascular diseases and atherosclerotic vascular disease, in particular, are essentially inflammatory disorders, involving multiple cell types. Communication between these cells is initiated and sustained by a complex network of cytokines and their receptors. The interleukin (IL)-20 family members, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, initiate, sustain, and drive the progression of vascular disease. They are important in vascular disease as they facilitate a bidirectional cross-talk between resident vascular cells with immune cells. These cytokines are grouped into the same family based on shared common receptor subunits and signaling pathways. This communication is varied and can result in exacerbation, attenuation, and even repair of the vasculature. We will briefly review what is known about IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 in cardiovascular biology. Because IL-19 is the most studied member of this family in terms of its role in vascular pathophysiological processes, the major emphasis of this review will focus on the expression and atheroprotective roles of IL-19 in vascular inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo X, Liu J, Zhou H, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A critical regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5180-5188. [PMID: 29215755 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
APJ, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is first identified through homology cloning in 1993. Apelin is endogenous ligand of APJ extracted from bovine stomach tissue in 1998. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in many kinds of cells such as endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, especially vascular smooth muscle cell. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), an integral part of the vascular wall, takes part in many normal physiological processes. Our experiment firstly finds that apelin/APJ system enhances VSMC proliferation by ERK1/2-cyclin D1 signal pathway. Accumulating studies also show that apelin/APJ system plays a pivotal role in mediating the function of VSMC. In this paper, we review the exact role of apelin/APJ system in VSMC, including induction of proliferation and migration, enhance of contraction and relaxation, inhibition of calcification. Furthermore, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ system in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the point of VSMC. Above all, apelin/APJ system is a promising target for managing vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ray M, Autieri MV. Regulation of pro- and anti-atherogenic cytokines. Cytokine 2017; 122:154175. [PMID: 29221669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in prevention and treatment, vascular diseases continue to account for significant morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Incidence is expected to worsen as the number of patients with common co-morbidities linked with atherosclerotic vascular disease, such as obesity and diabetes, continues to increase, reaching epidemic proportions. Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven vascular inflammatory disease involving multiple cell types in various stages of inflammation, activation, apoptosis, and necrosis. One commonality among these cell types is that they are activated and communicate with each other in a paracrine fashion via a complex network of cytokines. Cytokines mediate atherogenesis by stimulating expression of numerous proteins necessary for induction of a host of cellular responses, including inflammation, extravasation, proliferation, apoptosis, and matrix production. Cytokine expression is regulated by a number of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In this context, proteins that control and fine-tune cytokine expression can be considered key players in development of atherosclerosis and also represent targets for rational drug therapy to combat this disease. This review will describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive atherosclerotic plaque progression and present key cytokines that participate in this process. We will also describe RNA binding proteins that mediate cytokine mRNA stability and regulate cytokine abundance. Identification and characterization of the cytokines and proteins that regulate their abundance are essential to our ability to identify therapeutic approaches to ameliorate atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bruns DR, Ghincea AR, Ghincea CV, Azuma YT, Watson PA, Autieri MV, Walker LA. Interleukin-19 is cardioprotective in dominant negative cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element binding protein-mediated heart failure in a sex-specific manner. World J Cardiol 2017; 9:673-684. [PMID: 28932356 PMCID: PMC5583540 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i8.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of interleukin-19 (IL-19) in a murine model of female-dominant heart failure (HF).
METHODS Expression of one copy of a phosphorylation-deficient cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element binding protein (dnCREB) causes HF, with accelerated morbidity and mortality in female mice compared to males. We assessed expression of IL-19, its receptor isoforms IL-20R α/β, and downstream IL-19 signaling in this model of female-dominant HF. To test the hypothesis that IL-19 is cardioprotective in dnCREB-mediated HF, we generated a novel double transgenic (DTG) mouse of dnCREB and IL-19 knockout and assessed cardiac morbidity by echocardiography and survival of male and female mice.
RESULTS IL-19 is expressed in the murine heart with decreased expression in dnCREB female compared to male mice. Further, the relative expression of the two IL-19 receptor isoforms manifests differently in the heart by sex and by disease. Male DTG mice had accelerated mortality and cardiac morbidity compared to dnCREB males, while female DTG mice showed no additional detriment, supporting the hypothesis that IL-19 is cardioprotective in this model.
CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest IL-19 is an important cytokine mediating sex-specific cardiac (dys) function. Ongoing investigations will elucidate the mechanism(s) of sex-specific IL-19 mediated cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Bruns
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Alexander R Ghincea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Christian V Ghincea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka 599-8351, Japan
| | - Peter A Watson
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220, United States
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Lori A Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Valdivia A, Goicoechea SM, Awadia S, Zinn A, Garcia-Mata R. Regulation of circular dorsal ruffles, macropinocytosis, and cell migration by RhoG and its exchange factor, Trio. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1768-1781. [PMID: 28468978 PMCID: PMC5491185 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoG and its exchange factor, Trio, regulate the formation and size of circular dorsal ruffles and associated functions, including macropinocytosis and cell migration. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are actin-rich structures that form on the dorsal surface of many mammalian cells in response to growth factor stimulation. CDRs represent a unique type of structure that forms transiently and only once upon stimulation. The formation of CDRs involves a drastic rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the Rho family of GTPases. So far, only Rac1 has been consistently associated with CDR formation, whereas the role of other GTPases in this process is either lacking or inconclusive. Here we show that RhoG and its exchange factor, Trio, play a role in the regulation of CDR dynamics, particularly by modulating their size. RhoG is activated by Trio downstream of PDGF in a PI3K- and Src-dependent manner. Silencing RhoG expression decreases the number of cells that form CDRs, as well as the area of the CDRs. The regulation of CDR area by RhoG is independent of Rac1 function. In addition, our results show the RhoG plays a role in the cellular functions associated with CDR formation, including macropinocytosis, receptor internalization, and cell migration. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role for RhoG in the regulation of CDRs and the cellular processes associated with their formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Valdivia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606.,Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Sahezeel Awadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Ashtyn Zinn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Rafael Garcia-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fatkhullina AR, Peshkova IO, Koltsova EK. The Role of Cytokines in the Development of Atherosclerosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1358-1370. [PMID: 27914461 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis contributes to the development of many cardiovascular diseases, which remain the leading cause of death in developed countries. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries. It is caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation is a key factor at all stages of atherosclerosis progression. Cells involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis were shown to be activated by soluble factors, cytokines, that strongly influence the disease development. Pro-inflammatory cytokines accelerate atherosclerosis progression, while anti-inflammatory cytokines ameliorate the disease. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the role of cytokines in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Linares GR, Chiu CT, Scheuing L, Leng Y, Liao HM, Maric D, Chuang DM. Preconditioning mesenchymal stem cells with the mood stabilizers lithium and valproic acid enhances therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2016; 281:81-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
14
|
Immune-inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis: Role of an adaptive immunity mainly driven by T and B cells. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1014-33. [PMID: 27262513 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immune response plays an important role in atherogenesis. In atherosclerosis, the proinflammatory immune response driven by Th1 is predominant but the anti-inflammatory response mediated mainly by regulatory T cells is also present. The role of Th2 and Th17 cells in atherogenesis is still debated. In the plaque, other T helper cells can be observed such as Th9 and Th22 but is little is known about their impact in atherosclerosis. Heterogeneity of CD4(+) T cell subsets presented in the plaque may suggest for plasticity of T cell that can switch the phenotype dependening on the local microenvironment and activating/blocking stimuli. Effector T cells are able to recognize self-antigens released by necrotic and apoptotic vascular cells and induce a humoral immune reaction. Tth cells resided in the germinal centers help B cells to switch the antibody class to the production of high-affinity antibodies. Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells that release antigen-specific antibodies. A variety of B cell subsets were found in human and murine atherosclerotic plaques. In mice, B1 cells could spontaneously produce atheroprotective natural IgM antibodies. Conventional B2 lymphocytes secrete either proatherogenic IgG, IgA, and IgE or atheroprotective IgG and IgM antibodies reactive with oxidation-specific epitopes on atherosclerosis-associated antigens. A small population of innate response activator (IRA) B cells, which is phenotypically intermediate between B1 and B2 cells, produces IgM but possesses proatherosclerotic properties. Finally, there is a minor subset of splenic regulatory B cells (Bregs) that protect against atherosclerotic inflammation through support of generation of Tregs and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β and proapoptotic molecules.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gabunia K, Ellison S, Kelemen S, Kako F, Cornwell WD, Rogers TJ, Datta PK, Ouimet M, Moore KJ, Autieri MV. IL-19 Halts Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque, Polarizes, and Increases Cholesterol Uptake and Efflux in Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1361-74. [PMID: 26952642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis regression is an important clinical goal, and treatments that can reverse atherosclerotic plaque formation are actively being sought. Our aim was to determine whether administration of exogenous IL-19, a Th2 cytokine, could attenuate progression of preformed atherosclerotic plaque and to identify molecular mechanisms. LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks, then administered rIL-19 or phosphate-buffered saline concomitant with Western diet for an additional 8 weeks. Analysis of atherosclerosis burden showed that IL-19-treated mice were similar to baseline, in contrast to control mice which showed a 54% increase in plaque, suggesting that IL-19 halted the progression of atherosclerosis. Plaque characterization showed that IL-19-treated mice had key features of atherosclerosis regression, including a reduction in macrophage content and an enrichment in markers of M2 macrophages. Mechanistic studies revealed that IL-19 promotes the activation of key pathways leading to M2 macrophage polarization, including STAT3, STAT6, Kruppel-like factor 4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and can reduce cytokine-induced inflammation in vivo. We identified a novel role for IL-19 in regulating macrophage lipid metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-dependent regulation of scavenger receptor-mediated cholesterol uptake and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. These data show that IL-19 can halt progression of preformed atherosclerotic plaques by regulating both macrophage inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis and implicate IL-19 as a link between inflammation and macrophage cholesterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khatuna Gabunia
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen Ellison
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheri Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Farah Kako
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William D Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational, and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prasun K Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tresoldi C, Pellegata AF, Mantero S. Cells and stimuli in small-caliber blood vessel tissue engineering. Regen Med 2015; 10:505-27. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of successful solutions in treatments of small-caliber vessel diseases led to the Vascular Tissue Engineering approach to develop functional nonimmunogenic tissue engineered blood vessels. In this context, the choice of cells to be seeded and the microenvironment conditioning are pivotal. Biochemical and biomechanical stimuli seem to activate physiological regulatory pathways that induce the production of molecules and proteins stimulating stem cell differentiation toward vascular lineage and reproducing natural cross-talks among vascular cells to improve the maturation of tissue engineered blood vessels. Thus, this review focuses on (1) available cell sources, and (2) biochemical and biomechanical stimuli, with the final aim to obtain the long-term stability of the endothelium and mechanical properties suitable for withstanding physiological load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tresoldi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Filippo Pellegata
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mantero
- Department of Chemistry, Materials & Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan X, Sano M. God gives IL-19 with both hands: Anti-inflammatory but pro-angiogenic. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 80:20-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Monroy MA, Fang J, Li S, Ferrer L, Birkenbach MP, Lee IJ, Wang H, Yang XF, Choi ET. Chronic kidney disease alters vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2015; 20:784-95. [PMID: 25553479 DOI: 10.2741/4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular access dysfunction associated with arteriovenous grafts and fistulas contributes to the morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving hemodialysis. We hypothesized that the uremic conditions associated with CKD promote a pathophysiological vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype that contributes to neointimal hyperplasia. We analyzed the effect of culturing human VSMC with uremic serum. Expression of VSMC contractile marker genes was reduced 50-80% in cells exposed to uremic serum and the decreased expression was accompanied by changes in histone marks. There was an increase in proliferation in cells exposed to uremic conditions, with no change in the levels of apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that uremic serum inhibited PDGF-induced migration of VSMC. Histomorphometric analysis revealed venous neointimal hyperplasia in veins from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients prior to any surgical manipulation as compared to veins from patients with no kidney disease. We conclude that uremia associated with CKD alters VSMC phenotype in vitro and contributes to neointimal hyperplasia formation in vivo contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular access dysfunction in CKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alexandra Monroy
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Jianhua Fang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Shan Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Lucas Ferrer
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Mark P Birkenbach
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Iris J Lee
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Eric T Choi
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
IL-19 is a component of the pathogenetic IL-23/IL-17 cascade in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2757-2767. [PMID: 25046339 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease with characteristic skin alterations and functions as a model of immune-mediated disorders. Cytokines have a key role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that out of 30 individually quantified cytokines, IL-19 showed the strongest differential expression between psoriatic lesions and healthy skin. Cutaneous IL-19 overproduction was reflected by elevated IL-19 blood levels that correlated with psoriasis severity. Accordingly, anti-psoriatic therapies substantially reduced both cutaneous and systemic IL-19 levels. IL-19 production was induced in keratinocytes by IL-17A and was further amplified by tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-22. Among skin cells, keratinocytes were found to be important targets of IL-19. IL-19 alone, however, regulated only a few keratinocyte functions. While increasing the production of S100A7/8/9 and, to a moderate extent, also IL-1β, IL-20, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 8, and matrix metalloproteinase 1, IL-19 had no clear influence on the differentiation, proliferation, or migration of these cells. Importantly, IL-19 amplified many IL-17A effects on keratinocytes, including the induction of β-defensins, IL-19, IL-23p19, and T helper type 17-cell- and neutrophil-attracting chemokines. In summary, IL-19 as a component of the IL-23/IL-17 axis strengthens the IL-17A action and might be a biomarker for the activity of this axis in chronic inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ni J, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Chen GM, Liu J, Zhang C, Li LJ, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Association study ofinterleukin-19 rs2243188polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:378-82. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.914505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
21
|
Ellison S, Gabunia K, Richards JM, Kelemen SE, England RN, Rudic D, Azuma YT, Munroy MA, Eguchi S, Autieri MV. IL-19 reduces ligation-mediated neointimal hyperplasia by reducing vascular smooth muscle cell activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2134-43. [PMID: 24814101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that IL-19, a putative member of the type 2 helper T-cell family of anti-inflammatory interleukins, can attenuate intimal hyperplasia and modulate the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) response to injury. Ligated carotid artery of IL-19 knockout (KO) mice demonstrated a significantly higher neointima/intima ratio compared with wild-type (WT) mice (P = 0.04). More important, the increased neointima/intima ratio in the KO could be reversed by injection of 10 ng/g per day recombinant IL-19 into the KO mouse (P = 0.04). VSMCs explanted from IL-19 KO mice proliferated significantly more rapidly than WT. This could be inhibited by addition of IL-19 to KO VSMCs (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01). IL-19 KO VSMCs migrated more rapidly compared with WT (P < 0.01). Interestingly, there was no type 1 helper T-cell polarization in the KO mouse, but there was significantly greater leukocyte infiltrate in the ligated artery in these mice compared with WT. IL-19 KO VSMCs expressed significantly greater levels of inflammatory mRNA, including IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in response to tumor necrosis factor α stimulation (P < 0.01 for all). KO VSMCs expressed greater adhesion molecule expression and adherence to monocytes. Together, these data indicate that IL-19 is a previously unrecognized counterregulatory factor for VSMCs, and its expression is an important protective mechanism in regulation of vascular restenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ellison
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Khatuna Gabunia
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James M Richards
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross N England
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Alexandra Munroy
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cantó E, Garcia Planella E, Zamora-Atenza C, Nieto JC, Gordillo J, Ortiz MA, Metón I, Serrano E, Vegas E, García-Bosch O, Juárez C, Vidal S. Interleukin-19 impairment in active Crohn's disease patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93910. [PMID: 24718601 PMCID: PMC3981722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact function of interleukin-19 (IL-19) on immune response is poorly understood. In mice, IL-19 up-regulates TNFα and IL-6 expression and its deficiency increases susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. In humans, IL-19 favors a Th2 response and is elevated in several diseases. We here investigate the expression and effects of IL-19 on cells from active Crohn’s disease (CD) patient. Twenty-three active CD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included. mRNA and protein IL-19 levels were analyzed in monocytes. IL-19 effects were determined in vitro on the T cell phenotype and in the production of cytokines by immune cells. We observed that unstimulated and TLR-activated monocytes expressed significantly lower IL-19 mRNA in active CD patients than in HC (logFC = −1.97 unstimulated; −1.88 with Pam3CSK4; and −1.91 with FSL-1; p<0.001). These results were confirmed at protein level. Exogenous IL-19 had an anti-inflammatory effect on HC but not on CD patients. IL-19 decreased TNFα production in PBMC (850.7±75.29 pg/ml vs 2626.0±350 pg/ml; p<0.01) and increased CTLA4 expression (22.04±1.55% vs 13.98±2.05%; p<0.05) and IL-4 production (32.5±8.9 pg/ml vs 13.5±2.9 pg/ml; p<0.05) in T cells from HC. IL-10 regulated IL-19 production in both active CD patients and HC. We observed that three of the miRNAs that can modulate IL-19 mRNA expression, were up-regulated in monocytes from active CD patients. These results suggested that IL-19 had an anti-inflammatory role in this study. Defects in IL-19 expression and the lack of response to this cytokine could contribute to inflammatory mechanisms in active CD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cantó
- Department of Immunology Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia Planella
- Department of Digestive Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Zamora-Atenza
- Department of Immunology Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Camilo Nieto
- Department of Immunology Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gordillo
- Department of Digestive Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ma Angels Ortiz
- Department of Immunology Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Serrano
- Bioinformatics Platform, PSCT Platforms, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Vegas
- Department of Statistical, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Orlando García-Bosch
- Department of Digestive, Hospital de Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cándido Juárez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Vidal
- Department of Immunology Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
England RN, Preston KJ, Scalia R, Autieri MV. Interleukin-19 decreases leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by reduction in endothelial cell adhesion molecule mRNA stability. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C255-65. [PMID: 23596173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) inflammation is a key event in the pathogenesis of multiple vascular diseases. We tested the hypothesis that interleukin-19 (IL-19), an anti-inflammatory Th2 interleukin, could have a direct anti-inflammatory effect on ECs to decrease inflammation. IL-19 can significantly decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-driven intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 mRNA and protein abundance in cultured human coronary artery ECs (P < 0.01). IL-19 treatment of ECs, but not monocytes, significantly reduced monocyte adhesion to EC monolayers (P < 0.01). In vivo, systemic administration of IL-19 could significantly reduce TNF-α-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in wild-type mice as assayed by intravital microscopy (P < 0.05). IL-19 does not reduce TNF-α-stimulated NF-κB activation in ECs but does decrease serine phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of the mRNA stability factor HuR and significantly reduces stability of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA (P < 0.01). These data are the first to report that IL-19 can reduce leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and the first to propose reduction in HuR-mediated mRNA stability of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 as a mechanism. Expression of IL-19 by ECs may represent a protective mechanism to promote resolution of the vascular response to inflammation. Function of IL-19 outside of the immune system is a novel concept, suggesting that resident vascular cells can adopt a Th2 phenotype, and has important ramifications for numerous inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross N England
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun DP, Yeh CH, So E, Wang LY, Wei TS, Chang MS, Hsing CH. Interleukin (IL)-19 promoted skin wound healing by increasing fibroblast keratinocyte growth factor expression. Cytokine 2013; 62:360-8. [PMID: 23582717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-19, a member of the IL-10 cytokine family, is involved in keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis. OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of IL-19 in the wound-healing process in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Two full-thickness circular wounds (4mm in diameter) were punched into the skin of BALB/C mice. IL-19 and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) mRNA in wounded skin were determined using real-time PCR. The wounds were treated with PBS, vehicle, IL-19 (400ng/mL), or IL-20 (400ng/mL) (n=6 in each group) twice daily and the percentage of wound healing was measured daily for 7days. In vitro, human skin fibroblast CCD966-SK cells and keratinocyte HaCaT cells were treated with IL-19 or KGF. Cell proliferation and migration were determined using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and transwell assays, respectively. The expression of IL-19 and KGF mRNA was also analyzed. RESULTS In wounded mouse skin, IL-19 mRNA was upregulated at 12h, and KGF at 24h after the injury. Both increases in gene expression declined 72h after the skin had been wounded. The percentage of wound healing in IL-19-treated mice was higher than in control mice. In vitro, IL-19 upregulated KGF expression in the CCD966-SK cells; IL-19 was upregulated in KGF-treated HaCaT cells. KGF but not IL-19 promoted HaCaT cell proliferation. However, IL-19 significantly increased the migration of HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells treated with the cultured supernatants of IL-19-stimulated CCD966-SK cells showed significantly more proliferation than in controls. CONCLUSIONS IL-19 is important for cutaneous wound healing because it upregulates KGF expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ping Sun
- Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Interleukin-19 mediates tissue damage in murine ischemic acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56028. [PMID: 23468852 PMCID: PMC3582636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and renal tubular injury are major features of acute kidney injury (AKI). Many cytokines and chemokines are released from injured tubular cells and acts as proinflammatory mediators. However, the role of IL-19 in the pathogenesis of AKI is not defined yet. In bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced and HgCl2-induced AKI animal models, real-time quantitative (RTQ)-PCR showed that the kidneys, livers, and lungs of AKI mice expressed significantly higher IL-19 and its receptors than did sham control mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed that IL-19 and its receptors were strongly stained in the kidney, liver, and lung tissue of AKI mice. In vitro, IL-19 upregulated MCP-1, TGF-β1, and IL-19, and induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in murine renal tubular epithelial M-1 cells. IL-19 upregulated TNF-α and IL-10 in cultured HepG2 cells, and it increased IL-1β and TNF-α expression in cultured A549 cells. In vivo, after renal IRI or a nephrotoxic dose of HgCl2 treatment, IL-20R1-deficient mice (the deficiency blocks IL-19 signaling) showed lower levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum and less tubular damage than did wild-type mice. Therefore, we conclude that IL-19 mediates kidney, liver, and lung tissue damage in murine AKI and that blocking IL-19 signaling may provide a potent therapeutic strategy for treating AKI.
Collapse
|
26
|
Anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin-19 in vascular disease. Int J Inflam 2012; 2012:253583. [PMID: 22844641 PMCID: PMC3403192 DOI: 10.1155/2012/253583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive dietary modification, lipid-lowering medications, and other interventional medical therapy, vascular disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the western world. It is a significant medical and socioeconomic problem contributing to mortality of multiple diseases including myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Morbidity and mortality of vascular disease are expected to worsen with the increasing number of patients with comorbid conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and allograft vasculopathy are recognized to be driven by inflammation, and as such, cytokines which mediate inflammation not only represent important targets of rational therapy, but also can be considered as possible therapeutic modalities themselves. In this paper, we will examine the role of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte T(h)1/T(h)2 polarity in vascular inflammation, with a focus on atherosclerotic vascular disease. We will then introduce a recently described T(h)2 interleukin, interleukin-19 (IL-19), as a previously unrecognized mediator of vascular inflammatory disorders. We will review our current understanding of this interleukin in health and disease and present the possibility that IL-19 could represent a potential therapeutic to combat vascular inflammatory disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gabunia K, Ellison SP, Singh H, Datta P, Kelemen SE, Rizzo V, Autieri MV. Interleukin-19 (IL-19) induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and decreases reactive oxygen species in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2477-84. [PMID: 22158875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.312470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has potent anti-inflammatory activity and recognized vascular protective effects. We have recently described the expression and vascular protective effects of an anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL-19), in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and injured arteries. The objective of this study was to link the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-19 with HO-1 expression in resident vascular cells. IL-19 induced HO-1 mRNA and protein in cultured human VSMC, as assayed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot, and ELISA. IL-19 does not induce HO-1 mRNA or protein in human endothelial cells. IL-19 activates STAT3 in VSMC, and IL-19-induced HO-1 expression is significantly reduced by transfection of VSMC with STAT3 siRNA or mutation of the consensus STAT binding site in the HO-1 promoter. IL-19 treatment can significantly reduce ROS-induced apoptosis, as assayed by Annexin V flow cytometry. IL-19 significantly reduced ROS concentrations in cultured VSMC. The IL-19-induced reduction in ROS concentration is attenuated when HO-1 is reduced by siRNA, indicating that the IL-19-driven decrease in ROS is mediated by HO-1 expression. IL-19 reduces vascular ROS in vivo in mice treated with TNFα. This points to IL-19 as a potential therapeutic for vascular inflammatory diseases and a link for two previously unassociated protective processes: Th2 cytokine-induced anti-inflammation and ROS reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khatuna Gabunia
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hoffman C, Park SH, Daley E, Emson C, Louten J, Sisco M, de Waal Malefyt R, Grunig G. Interleukin-19: a constituent of the regulome that controls antigen presenting cells in the lungs and airway responses to microbial products. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27629. [PMID: 22110701 PMCID: PMC3217014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-19 has been reported to enhance chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma but the in vivo mechanism is incompletely understood. Because IL-19 is produced by and regulates cells of the monocyte lineage, our studies focused on in vivo responses of CD11c positive (CD11c+) alveolar macrophages and lung dendritic cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS IL-19-deficient (IL-19-/-) mice were studied at baseline (naïve) and following intranasal challenge with microbial products, or recombinant cytokines. Naïve IL-19-/- mixed background mice had a decreased percentage of CD11c+ cells in the bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) due to the deficiency in IL-19 and a trait inherited from the 129-mouse strain. BAL CD11c+ cells from fully backcrossed IL-19-/- BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice expressed significantly less Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHCII) in response to intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide, Aspergillus antigen, or IL-13, a pro-allergic cytokine. Neurogenic-locus-notch-homolog-protein-2 (Notch2) expression by lung monocytes, the precursors of BAL CD11c+ cells, was dysregulated: extracellular Notch2 was significantly decreased, transmembrane/intracellular Notch2 was significantly increased in IL-19-/- mice relative to wild type. Instillation of recombinant IL-19 increased extracellular Notch2 expression and dendritic cells cultured from bone marrow cells in the presence of IL-19 showed upregulated extracellular Notch2. The CD205 positive subset among the CD11c+ cells was 3-5-fold decreased in the airways and lungs of naïve IL-19-/- mice relative to wild type. Airway inflammation and histological changes in the lungs were ameliorated in IL-19-/- mice challenged with Aspergillus antigen that induces T lymphocyte-dependent allergic inflammation but not in IL-19-/- mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide or IL-13. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Because MHCII is the molecular platform that displays peptides to T lymphocytes and Notch2 determines cell fate decisions, our studies suggest that endogenous IL-19 is a constituent of the regulome that controls both processes in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Hoffman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Eleen Daley
- Department of Pathology, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Claire Emson
- Merck Research Laboratories (formerly Schering Plough Biopharma), Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Louten
- Merck Research Laboratories (formerly Schering Plough Biopharma), Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Maureen Sisco
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
| | - Rene de Waal Malefyt
- Merck Research Laboratories (formerly Schering Plough Biopharma), Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|